text:
Q: Django returning 403 Error -- "CSRF cookie not set" I'm getting a 405 error, specifically saying CSRF verification failed. Request aborted. CSRF cookie not set.
My urls.py is:
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from users.views import HandlerView
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^users/login$', HandlerView.as_view(), name='my-view'),
    url(r'^users/add$', HandlerView.as_view(), name='my-view'),
)

and my views.py is:
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views.generic import View

class HandlerView(View):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return HttpResponse('Hello, World!')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print "Hello world!"
        return HttpResponse('Hello, World!')

The curl execution that I'm inputting at my terminal is:
curl -v -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-type: application/json" -X POST -d ' {"user" : "jeff", "password" : "pass1"} ' http://localhost:8000/users/add

and the terminal running my server returns:
[13/Feb/2014 00:38:06] "POST /users/add HTTP/1.1" 403 2282

I understand what CSRF is, but what would this be flagging for a POST method through the terminal, when theres no cookies right? What would be the remedy to this?

A: It might be giving this error because you might be having the CSRF protection turned on in middelware settings.
If you don't need that protection, you can set the view as CSRF exempt.
You can simply use a decorator on the view or you can turn it disable it from middleware settings.
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from django.http import HttpResponse

@csrf_exempt
def my_view(request):
    return HttpResponse('Hello world')


text:
BluSmart, an EV ride-hailing company, raises $25 million in funding led by BP Ventures and others.
Nov 25, 2021 funding news
BluSmart, an electric vehicle ride-hailing company based in India's capital, Delhi, has raised $25 million in a Series A funding round led by BP Ventures, at a time when the country's EV sector is at an all-time high.
The round was attended by Mayfield India Fund, 9Unicorns, and Survam Partners, as well as other previous investors.
Within the next two years, the company plans to expand its fleet of electric vehicles and charging stations to five more Indian cities, expanding from its current headquarters in Delhi.
BluSmart is a ride-hailing service similar to Ola and Uber, but with the added benefit of running an all-electric fleet. As India's first and largest integrated EV ride-hailing and charging company, it promises to provide safer, cleaner, and more sustainable mobility.
The absence of surge pricing is one of several important features that could help BluSmart outperform its competitors. Drivers will also be unable to refuse rides.
While this may give the impression that the ride hailing service is harsh on its drivers, it also has their best interests in mind, allowing them to avoid the financial burden of vehicle ownership by leasing vehicles to them and overseeing all vehicle maintenance.
The exceptional performance of Ola Electric and its latest scooters demonstrates that India's EV sector is rapidly expanding. The company, which is now worth $3 billion, sold $150 million in scooters in just two days, claiming to sell four scooters every second in the first 24 hours.
As a result, at a time when interest in electric vehicles in India is at an all-time high, companies like BluSmart, which provide smart enhancements to existing popular solutions, have a real chance of making significant progress.
"We believe that electric mobility has enormous growth potential, driven in part by the increasingly favourable economics behind electric vehicles," said Anmol Singh Jaggi, co-founder of BluSmart. With this in mind, we want to redefine ride-hailing with electric vehicles, and our consumer focus has already helped us establish a strong brand presence in our core market.
our vehicles have travelled over 21 million kilometres to date. This latest round of funding will help us expand as we collaborate with BP to help transform India's high-polluting cities and redefine ride-hailing with electric vehicles."
Esper, an Android DevOps platform, has raised $60 million in funding led by Insight Partner and other investors
Thrasio is eyeing an entry into India with the acquisition of D2C startup Lifelong Online.
Smartstaff, based in Bangalore, raises USD 4.3 million in funding led by Nexus Venture Partners and others
Ola Electric raises USD 200 million in advance of its initial public offering (IPO).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Women living in the most deprived areas are less likely to have antenatal care and less likely to have a routine postnatal check, compared with women in more affluent areas.
NPEU researchers Anthea Lindquist, Marian Knight and others carried out a study of over 5000 women taking part in the 2010 National Maternity Survey.
Visit the NPEU website for more information.


Complex peroxouranates (NH4)2[UO2(O2)F2] (1) and K2[UO2(O2)F2(H2O)] (2) have been synthesized from the reaction of UO3.4H2O with AHF2 (A = NH4 or K) and hydrogen peroxide. The reaction of 1 with SO2(g) in an aqueous medium afforded a fluoro(sulfato)dioxouranate(VI) complex (NH4)2[UO2F2(SO4)].H2O (3). Infrared and laser Raman spectroscopic studies have been made.


text:
Brown announces emergency legislation in light of ongoing drought
Sahil Chinoy
Gov. Jerry Brown and Democratic legislative leaders announced Wednesday a $687.4 million package intended to relieve California's drought by providing direct assistance to communities and funding water projects across the state.
The bill would assist workers directly impacted by the drought by providing money for housing and food. It would also fund local projects intended to increase water reliability and aid in capturing storm water and expanding the use of recycled water. Announced by Assembly Speaker John Perez and Senate President Pro Tem Darrell Steinberg, the bill would also assist in preventing fires and address emergency water shortages.
The East Bay Municipal Utility District, which provides water to the city of Berkeley, may receive some of the money from the legislation, according to Abby Figueroa, a spokesperson for the district. EBMUD has contacted the California Department of Water Resources to explore the possibility of receiving funding for conservation and recycled water projects, Figueroa said.
No new taxes would arise from the passage of this bill, as most of its funding — $549 million — would come from bonds authorized by two water supply and control ballot measures passed in 2006.
The bill could take effect in "a couple of weeks," according to Will Shuck, a spokesperson for Perez.
Due to the drought, EBMUD asked consumers to enact a 10 percent voluntary cutback in water usage earlier this month.
Should the situation worsen, it could increase this cutback to 15 percent or enforce mandatory rationing of up to 15 percent, according to Figueroa.
EBMUD's water supply is currently two-thirds full, but the "forecast is pessimistic," Figueroa said. As of Feb. 11, the precipitation level in the Mokelumne River watershed was about half of normal, according to an EBMUD press release. According to Figueroa, EBMUD gets 90 percent of its water from the watershed.
Michael Hanemann, a campus professor of agricultural and resource economics, said that although the legislation is necessary to ease immediate shortages, he would like to see further conservation efforts, attempts to increase the resilience of the water supply in the face of climate change and improvements to the administration of water rights, which he called the "worst of any major western state."
He added that he saw statewide mandatory water rationing as unlikely, as the water supply differs tremendously across agencies.
"A uniform cutback for all agencies, regardless of whether they're short, may not be the best policy," he said.
According to Lisa McNeilly, campus director of sustainability, the campus is responding to the drought by launching a public awareness campaign and investigating equipment repairs or replacements that could decrease water consumption.
The city of Berkeley is assessing the governor's proposal and whether it "makes sense for our water conservation and fire prevention efforts," said city spokesperson Matthai Chakko in an email.
Contact Sahil Chinoy at [email protected].
Abby Figueroa
Darrell Steinberg
John Perez
Lisa McNeilly
Matthai Chakko
Michael Hanemann
Will Shuck
Drought continues despite weekend rainstorm
After months of dry weather conditions, cities across Northern California saw several days of heavy rainfall this past weekend; but state officials caution that the storm is only one of many needed to alleviate the drought.
Chancellor Dirks calls on UC Berkeley community to conserve water
The clouds and rain in the sky may seem promising, but the message from Chancellor Nicholas Dirks is clear: California is in the midst of a drought emergency, and the campus community must do its part to cut back water consumption.
Drought crisis causes State Water Project to halt supply come spring
The State Water Project, a backbone of California's water system, serving about 25 million residents, announced Friday it will no longer be delivering water to consumers this year as a result of the drought, effective this spring.


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Managing items by serial or batch numbers? SAP Business One can calculate for you the actual cost of each serial or batch number. This can help you determine the profitability of each and every batch or serial number.
The serial/batch valuation method is only applicable to companies where perpetual inventory is managed.
Available since SAP Business One 9.1, version for SAP HANA PL04 and SAP Business One 9.1 PL04.
Thank you for your infomation.
I have a question about batch valuation. My customer is using 9.2 version and we are trying to enter stock openings but there is no chance to enter different prices for different bathes of an item.
Do you have an idea about this.


text:
Commission launches debate on more efficient decision-making in EU social policy
by EP Today Team | Apr 17, 2019 | EP updates, European Parliament, News | 0 comments
The Commission is launching a discussion on how to render decision-making at EU level more efficient in the social field.
In his 2018 State of the Union speech, President Juncker announced a comprehensive review of all passerelle clauses provided for by the EU Treaties. As a result, three Communications have already been adopted: on common foreign and security policy (September 2018), on taxation (January 2019) and on energy and climate (April 2019). The Communication on the passerelle clauses in social policy is the fourth one.
Most social policy areas, where the EU has powers to act, are already subject to qualified majority voting. This has allowed putting in place a comprehensive social "acquis" over the years, with significant further steps under this Commission. A very limited number of areas, however, still requires unanimity among EU Member States and special legislative procedures, in which the European Parliament does not have an equal role as the Council as co-decision maker.
Vice-President for the Euro and Social Dialogue, Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union, Valdis Dombrovskis, said: "To respond to rapid change in society and labour markets, the EU-level will need timely, flexible and efficient decision-making for social policy. The Communication opens the debate on how we can use existing provisions in the Treaties with that aim. It focuses on cases where there is clear EU added value, aiming to foster a culture of compromise and decision-making that responds to citizens' needs for a fair single market."
Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility, Marianne Thyssen said: "In their diversity, Member States are ultimately all striving for a fairer society based on equal opportunities and a future-proof social market economy. As the world of work is changing, we need to be able to make full use of the instruments in our toolbox to tackle our shared challenges."
The fact that there is voting by qualified majority and unanimity in certain related policy domains has led to an uneven development of the social policy acquis. While protection standards are high and comprehensive overall, there are gaps in protection in some instances. Moreover, special legislative procedures do not give an equal, prominent role as co-decision maker to the European Parliament, which is often only consulted in those cases, even though it represents the citizens directly benefitting from EU social policy. In times of rapid, sometimes fundamental change, it is more important than ever that the EU is able to swiftly find effective policy responses.
With this Communication, the Commission is launching a debate on an enhanced use of qualified majority voting in social policy, rendering decision-making more timely, flexible and efficient where an EU competence already exists. This possibility is provided for in the EU Treaties for several specific areas through so-called passerelle clauses. These clauses allow for a shift from unanimity to qualified majority voting under certain circumstances.
As a first step, looking at the merits and challenges of each case, the Commission proposes to consider the use of the passerelle to facilitate decision-making on non-discrimination. This would help further develop equal protection against discrimination. The use of the passerelleclause could also be considered in the near future to adopt recommendations in the area of social security and social protection of workers. This would help to guide the process of modernisation of and convergence between social protection systems.
Moving to qualified majority voting does not change who does what. The scope of and conditions for the exercise of EU powers remain intact. For example, Member States will continue to be responsible to determine the features of their own social protection systems. Social partners will keep their competences and national social dialogue traditions remain untouched. Union action will continue to focus on where it is necessary and can deliver clear benefits, as foreseen in the Treaties.
To activate this passerelle clause, according to Article 48(7) of the Treaty on European Union, the European Council would have to decide by unanimity, with no objection from national parliaments, and with the European Parliament's consent.
The Commission invites the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions, social partners and all stakeholders to engage in an open debate on an enhanced use of qualified majority voting and the ordinary legislative procedure in social policy on the basis of the Communication.
A limited number of areas in the EU social policy field are still subject to unanimity in the Council and special legislative procedures where the European Parliament does not have an equal role as co-decision maker.
These areas are:
non-discrimination based on different grounds (gender, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age, and sexual orientation);
social security and social protection of workers (outside cross-border situations);
protection of workers against dismissals;
representation and collective defence of the interests of workers and employers; and
conditions of employment for third-country nationals legally residing in the EU.
Credit: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-19-2118_en.htm
Ursula von der Leyen presents her vision to MEPs


text:
Jobs 1 To 25 of 294 Page 1 of 12 Page [1]23456-10 Next
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What is the back length of the XL in Petites and Misses?
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The program starts on Monday.


text:
Om Prakash Vs. Amar Singh & Anr [1987] INSC 5 (9 January 1987)
Singh, K.N. (J) Singh, K.N. (J) Mukharji, Sabyasachi (J)
CITATION: 1987 AIR 617 1987 SCR (1) 968 1987 SCC (1) 458 JT 1987 (1) 199 1987 SCALE (1)35
CITATOR INFO : F 1988 SC 293 (5,7,12)
U.P. Cantonment Rent Control Act, 1952--Section 14--Tenants--Eviction of--Construction or alteration must be of such nature and character as to materially alter the accommodation.
Words & Phrases--'Altered'--'Materially'--meaning of.
HEAD NOTE:
The tenanted premises was let out to the appellant for running a Dal and Oil Mill. The respondents purchased the building and a year later filed a suit for eviction, inter alia, alleging that the appellant had made material alterations in the tenanted premises without their consent causing substantial damages to it. The disputed construction included a partition wall in a hall converting the same into two portions and tin sheds shown by letters ABHG and CDGH.
The trial Court decreed the suit holding that the partition wail in the hail did not constitute mateial alteration and that the tin shed marked by letters ABHG had been constructed with the consent of the erstwhile landlords but the tin shed marked with letters CDGH had been constructed subsequently without respondents' consent, which materially altered the accommodation.
On appeal, the Additional Civil Judge found that none of the constructions constituted material alterations.
But on second appeal, the High Court held that the tin shed indicated by letters CDGH as well as the partition wall made in the hail converting the same into two rooms, constituted material alteration as contemplated by s.14(c) of the U.P. Cantonment Rent Control Act, 1952, justifying the eviction of the tenant.
Allowing the Appeal,
HELD: (1) The order of the High Court is set aside and the Judgment and decree of the First Appellate Court are restored. [978A] 969
(2) The U.P. Cantonment Rent Control Act, 1952 does not permit a landlord to file suit for eviction of a tenant without obtaining permission of the District Magistrate but if the tenant, without the landlord's permission made or permitted to make construction which in the opinion of the Court has materially altered the accommodation or which is likely to diminish its value substantially, the landlord is free to file suit for tenant's eviction without obtaining permission of the District Magistrate. [973B-C]
(3) Necessary facts which should be established by the landlord for obtaining a decree against the tenant under the said provision are that
(i) the tenant has made construction;
(ii) such constructions have been made without the consent of the landlord; and
(iii) constructions, so made have materially altered the accommodation.
These three conditions are cumulative in nature, each one of them is necessary to be established before a decree for eviction can be passed against the tenant. [973D-F]
(4) The Act does not define either the word 'materially' or the word 'altered'. The expression 'materially altered' means "a substantial change in the character form and the structure of the building without destroying its identity".
It means that the nature and the character of change or alteration of the building must be of essential and substantial nature. [973F; 974A-B] Concise Oxford Dictionary; Words and Phrases (Permanent Edition) and Babu Manmohan Das Shah & Ors. v. Bishun Das, [1967] 1 SCR 836, referred to.
(5) In determining the question the Court must address itself to the nature, character of the constructions and the extent to which the changes in the front and structure of the accommodation are made having regard to the purpose for which the accommodation may have been let out to the tenant. [974D-E]
(6) The material alterations contemplate change of substantial nature affecting the form and character of the building. Many a time tenants make minor constructions and alterations for the convenient use of the tenanted accommodation. The Legislature does not provide for their eviction, for such alterations. [974E-F]
(7) Construction of a Chabutra, Almirah, opening of a window or closing a verandah by temporary structure or replacing of a damaged 970 roof which may be leaking or placing partition in a room or making similar minor alterations for the convenient use of the accommodation do not materially alter the building as in spite of such constructions the front and structure of the building may remain unaffected. It is not possible to give exhaustive list of constructions which do not constitute material alterations, as the determination of this question would depend an the facts of each case. [974F; 975A] S.B. Mathur v. K.P. Gupta, [1961] Allahabad Law Journal 136, Dr. J.G. Gupta v. Bodh Mal, [1969] Allahabad Law Journal 477, Sita Ram Sharan and Anr. v. Johri Mal & Anr., [1972] Allahabad Law Journal 361 & Baldev Das v. Ram Khilawan, [1979] Allahabad Law Reports 44, referred to.
(8) The findings regarding constructions would be finding of fact, but the question whether the constructions materially alter the accommodation is a mixed question of fact and law, which should be determined on the application of the correct principles. [975D-E]
(9) The nature of constructions, whether they 'are permanent or temporary, is a relevant consideration in determining the question of 'material alteration'. A permanent construction tends to make changes in the accommodation on a permanent basis, while a temporary construction is on temporary basis which do not ordinarily affect the form or structure of the buildings, as it can easily be removed without causing any damage to the building. [977C-E] Babu Manmohan Das Shah & Ors. v. Bishun Das, [1967] 1 SCR 836, explained.
10(i) In the instant case, the findings recorded by the trial Court and the relevant evidence clearly show that the partition wall did not actually partition the hall converting the same permanently into two rooms. The partition wall was made without digging any foundation of the floor of the room nor it touched the ceiling, instead it was a temporary wail Of 6 feet height converting the big hall into two portions for its convenient use, it could be removed at any time without causing any damage to the building. The partition wail did not make any structural change of substantial character either in the form or structure of the accommodation. [975G; 976A] 10(ii) The wail which had been constructed for the tin shed was kuchha, made of bricks and mud and the bamboo tatters were used for 971 enclosing it. The findings recorded by the First Appellate Court and the Commissioner's report make it evident that the tin shed was constructed on an open land, it was temporary in nature and it could be removed without causing any damage to the building. One portion of the tin shed was already in existence on the open land adjacent to the accommodation, the appellant merely extended that in shed which did not make any substantial change either in the form or structure of the building. There is no material on record to sustain the findings of the High Court that the appellant had constructed pucca walls on three sides of the tin shed; instead the Commissioner's report is contrary to it [976F; 977A] (11) The Single Judge placing reliance on the observation of the Full Bench decision in Sita Ram's case (supra) held that the disputed construction even though temporary in nature, which could be removed without causing any damage to accommodation, would fall within the mischief of material alterations. The High Court committed error in interfering with the findings of the First Appellate Court. [977G; 978A]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 886 of 1976.
From the Judgment and Order dated 11.5. 1976 of the Allahabad High Court in Second Appeal No. 3684 of 1966.
S.N. Kacker, R.B. Mehrotra and Miss Abha Jain for the Appellant.
Gobinda Mukhoty, S.K. Verma, R.S. Singh and P.A. Mishra for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by SINGH, J. This appeal by special leave is directed against the Judgment of the High Court of Allahabad setting aside the judgment and decree of the first appellate court and decreeing the landlord's suit for eviction against the appellant.
The appellant has been tenant of Kothi No. 196 situated in Dholki Mohalla, Sadar Bazar, Meerut Cantt. ever since 1961 on a rent of Rs. 93 per mensem. The tenanted premises was let out to the appellant for running a Dal and Oil Mill.
The respondents purchased the building from the erstwhile owners in 1963, a year later, they filed a suit for appellant's eviction on a number of grounds including the 972 ground that the appellant had made constructions materially altering the accommodation without their consent causing substantial damages to it. It is not necessary to refer to other grounds as the sole ground which survived for the decree of eviction relates to the material alterations made in the tenanted premises without obtaining the consent of the landlord. The disputed constructions include a partition wall in a hail converting the same into two portions and tin sheds shown by letters ABHG and CDGH. The trial Court held that the partition wall in the hall did not constitute material alteration, it further held that the tin shed marked by letters ABHG had been constructed by the appellant with the consent of the erstwhile landlords predecessor in interest of the respondents but the tin shed marked with letters CDGH had been constructed by the Appellant subsequently without respondents' consent, which materially altered the accommodation and on that findings the trial court decreed the suit. On appeal, the Additional Civil Judge set aside the trial Court's order and dismissed the respondents' suit on the findings that none of the constructions constituted material alteration justifying appellant's eviction under sec. 14(c) of the U.P. Cantonment Rent Control Act 10 of 1952. On a second appeal made by the respondents a learned Single Judge of the High Court set aside the order of the first appellate court on the findings that the tin shed indicated by the letters CDGH as well as the partition wail made in the hall converting the same into two rooms, constituted material alteration as contemplated by the Sec. 14(c). Since the constructions had been made without permission of the respondent, the tenant was liable for eviction.
There is no dispute that the demised premises is subject to the provisions of the U.P. Cantonment Rent Control Act, 1952 (hereinafter referred to as the Act). Section 14 of the Act imposes restriction on the landlord's right to file suit for eviction of a tenant from any accommodation except on one or more of the grounds specified therein. Sec. 14(c) relevant for the purposes of this case reads as under:
"Sec. 14: Restrictions on eviction: No suit shall, without the permission of the district Magistrate, be filed in any civil Court against a tenant for his eviction from any accommodation except on one or more of the following grounds, namely:
(a) XXXXX (b) xxxxx 973 (c) that the tenant has without the permission of the landlord, made or permitted to be made any such construction as in the opinion of the court has materially altered the accommodation or is likely substantially to diminish its value ;"
The Act does not permit a landlord to file suit for eviction of a tenant without obtaining permission of the District Magistrate but if the tenant, without the landlords permission made or permitted to make construction which in the opinion of the court has materially altered the accommodation or which is likely to diminish its value substantially, the landlord is free to file suit for tenant's eviction without obtaining permission of the District Magistrate. If the tenant makes constructions which materially alter the accommodation, without the permission of the landlord the embargo placed on the landlord' right to file suit is lifted and he is free to file suit for tenant's eviction without obtaining permission of the District Magistrate. It is the unauthorised constructions which provides cause of action for tenant's eviction, but every construction or alteration made by a tenant in the building does not provide a ground for eviction; instead the constructions complained of, must be of such nature and character as to materially alter the accommodation. Necessary facts which should be established by the landlord for obtaining a decree against the tenant under the said provision are that (1) the tenant has made constructions; (ii) such constructions have been made without the consent of the landlord; and (iii) constructions so made have materially altered the accommodation. These three conditions are cumulative in nature, each one of them are necessary to be established before a decree for eviction can be passed against the tenant. So far as the first and second conditions are concerned, they do not present any difficulty as these are pure questions of fact, but difficulty arises in determining the third condition, namely whether the constructions constitute material alteration. It is a vexed question which the Courts face very often.
The Act does not define either the word 'materially' or the word 'altered'. In the absence of any legislative definition of the aforesaid words it would be useful to refer to the meaning given to these words in dictionaries. Concise Oxford Dictionary defines the word 'alter' as change in character, position' "Materially" as an adverb means 'important' essentially concerned with matter not with form. In Words and Phrases (Permanent Edition) one of the meanings of the word 'alter' is 'to make change, to modify, to change, change of a thing from one form and set to another. The expression "alteration" with refer974 ence to building means 'substantial' change, varying, change the form or the nature of the building without destroying its identity". The meaning given to these two words show that the expression 'materially altered' means "a substantial change in the character, form and the structure of the building without destroying its identity." It means that the nature and character of change or alteration of the building must be of essential and important nature. In Babu Manmohan Das Shah & Ors. v. Bishun Das, [1967] 1 SCR 836 this Court considering the expression 'material alterations' occurring in sec. 3(1)(c) of U.P. (Temporary) Control of Rent and Eviction Act, 1947 observed:
"Without attempting to lay down any general definition as to what material alterations mean, as such, the question would depend on the facts and circumstances of each case, the alterations in the present case must mean material alterations as the construction carried out by the respondent had the effect of altering the front and structure of the premises." In determining the question the Court must address itself to the nature, character of the constructions and the extent to which they make changes in the front and structure of the accommodation, having regard to the purpose for which the accommodation may have been let out to the tenant. The Legislature intended that only those constructions which bring about substantial change in the front and structure of the building should provide a ground for tenant's eviction, it took care to use the word 'materially altered the accommodation.' The material alterations contemplate change of substantial nature affecting the form and character of the building. Many a time tenants make minor constructions and alterations for the convenient use of the tenanted accommodation. The Legislature does not provide for their eviction instead the construction so made would furnish ground for eviction only when they bring about substantial change in the front and structure of the building. Construction of a Chabutra, Almirah, opening a window or closing a verandah by temporary structure or replacing of a damaged roof which may be leaking or placing partition in a room or making similar minor alterations for the convenient use of the accommodation do not materially alter 'the building as in spite of such constructions the front and structure of the building may remain unaffected. The essential element which needs consideration is as to whether the constructions are substantial in nature and they alter, the form, front and structure of the accommodation. It is not possible to give exhaustive list of constructions which do not constitute material 975 alterations, as the determination of this question depends on the facts of each case. In S.B. Mathur v. K.P. Gupta, [1961] Allahabad Law Journal 136 construction of temporary wail enclosing verandah and putting up an iron jungala and placing a partition wall, temporary in nature was held not to constitute material alteration of the accommodation. In Dr. J.G. Gupta v. Bodh Mal. [1969] Allahabad Law Journal 477 a Division Bench of the High Court held that temporary construction made by a tenant in the shape of kitchen and bathroom did not constitute material alterations as the same were temporary and they could be removed without causing any damage to the accommodation.
In Sita Ram Sharan and Anr. v. Johri Mal & Anr., [1972] Allahabad Law Journal 301 a Full Bench held that construction which converted the tenanted premises into double storey structure, materially altered the accommodation. Another Division Bench of the High Court in Baldev Dass v. Ram Khilawan, [1979] Allahabad Law Reports 44 held that a partition wall in a shop converting the same into two portions for the convenient use of the same did not amount to material alteration. These decisions were rendered on the facts available on the record of those cases. In deciding this question the Court has to consider whether the constructions have been made with the consent of the landlord and if so, whether those constructions are of such substantial nature which make material alterations in the accommodation. The findings of the court regarding constructions would be finding of fact, but the question whether the constructions materially alter the accommodation is a mixed question of fact and law, which should be determined on the application of the correct principles.
In the instant case the disputed constructions which the High Court has found to be 'material alteration' consists of a partition wall of 6 feet height in a hall converting the same into two rooms and a tin shed marked by letters CDGH on the Eastern side on the open land adjacent to the accommodation. The trial Court held that the partition wall did not change the front or structure of the accommodation, it being temporary in nature, did not constitute material alterations in the accommodation. This finding of the trial court was not challenged by the landlord before the Civil Judge. But the High Court has held that the partition wall constituted 'material alteration'. The findings recorded by the trial court and the relevant evidence placed before us by the parties clearly show that the partition wall did not actually partition the hall converting the same permanently into two rooms. The partition wall was made without digging any foundation of the floor of the room nor it touched the ceiling, instead; it was a temporary wall of 6 feet height converting the big hall into two portions for its convenient 976 use, it could be removed at any time without causing any damage to the building. The partition wail did not make any structural change of substantial character either in the form or structure of the accommodation.
The other disputed item relates to the construction of tin shed. The respondents alleged that the appellant had constructed a tin shed shown by letters ABCD in the site plan attached to the plaint in an unauthorised manner without obtaining his consent. All the three courts have recorded concurrent finding that the tin shed shown by the letters ABCD consists of two portions. One portion is shown by letters AGHB and the other shown by GHCD. The trial court as well as the first appellate Court both have recorded findings that the portion of the tin shed shown by letters CDGH had been constructed by the appellant without the consent of the respondent landlords, but the rest of the tin shed shown by the letters ABGH had been constructed by the appellant after obtaining permission of the Cantonment Board and the erstwhile landlord. The First Appeal Court held that the tin shed shown by letters CDGH did not constitute material alteration as the constructions were temporary in nature which could be removed at any time without causing any damage to the accommodation. The First Appeal Court further held that the basic stiucture of the accommodation let out to the appellant was not affected at all by the disputed tin shed as it had been constructed on the open land adjoining the accommodation and it was enclosed by Bamboo structure, and Kuchha wail which did not effect any change in the form or the structure of the tenanted building. In second appeal the High Court held that since two sides of the tin shed were resting on the pucca wall it constituted a material alteration in the accommodation. We have been taken through the Commissioner's report filed before the Lower Court and on perusal of the same we find that the wail which had been constructed for the tin shed was kuchha, made of bricks and mud and the bamboo tatters were used for enclosing it. The findings recorded by the First Appeal Court and the Commissioner's report make it evident that the tin shed was constructed on an open land, it was temporary in nature and it could be removed without causing any damage to the building.
One portion of the tin shed was already in existence on the open land adjacent to the accommodation, the appellant merely extended that tin shed which did not make any substantial change either in the form or structure of the building. There is no material on record to sustain the findings of the High Court that the appellant had constructed pucca wails on three sides of the tin shed; instead the Commissioner's report is contrary to it. In the circum977 stances the construction of tin shed could not be held to have materially altered the accommodation.
Learned counsel for the respondent placed reliance on the Full Bench decision of the High Court in Sita Ram's case (supra) where the question as to what constructions could materially alter the accommodation was considered. The Full Bench held that conversion of a single storey shop into a double storied structure by constructing a pucca superstructure on the roof of the shop materially altered the accommodation. On the facts of that case, there could be no doubt that the tenant had made substantial constructions which changed the form, front and structure of the tenanted shop. The High Court observed that the fact that a construction is permanent or temporary in nature does not affect the question as to whether the constructions materially alter the accommodation or not. We do not agree with this view.
The nature of constructions, whether they are permanent or temporary, is a relevant consideration in determining the question of 'material alteration'. A permanent construction tends to make changes in the accommodation on a permanent basis, while a temporary construction is on temporary basis which does not ordinarily affects the form or structure of the building, as it can easily be removed without causing any damage to the building. The Full Bench referred to the observation of this Court made in Babu Manmohan Das Shah's case (supra) that the alteration in a given case might not cause damage to the premises or its value or might not amount to an unreasonable use of leased premises, yet construction may fall within the expression 'material alterations'. In our opinion the observations made in Babu Manmohan Das Shah's case (supra) do not justify inference that the nature of the construction whether permanent or temporary is not relevant for the purpose of determining the 'material alterations' made by a tenant.
Learned counsel then urged that this Court should not interfere with the findings of fact recorded by the High Court. We find no merit in the submission. The question whether disputed constructions constitute material alterations is a mixed question of fact and law. The High Court in second appeal interfered with the findings of fact recorded by the lower courts on the question whether tin shed and the partition wail constituted material alterations. The learned Single Judge placing reliance on the observations of the Full Bench decision in Sita Ram's case (supra) held that the disputed construction even though temporary in nature, which could be removed without causing any damage to the accommodation, would fail within the mischief of material altera978 tions. The High Court committed error in interfering with the findings of the First Appeal Court. We accordingly allow the appeal, set aside the order of the High Court and restore the judgment and decree of the First Appeal Court. In the circumstances of the case there would be no order as to costs.
A.P.J. Appeal allowed.


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text:
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Not On Your Nelly: A Halloween Short Story
IN THE October 11 ISSUE
andTerrific Tales SECTIONS
by Madeline McEwen-Asker
We had several Halloween mystery short stories submitted to our contest recently that while they didn't make the final five, they are well worth publishing–here is the first one–Not On Your Nelly, a never before published short story.
Mungo Mortenstow noticed a hand-made costume hanging on his bedroom door when he arrived home from middle school.
"Surprise!" Mom said shooting out of the bathroom like a catapult. "Do you like it? You do like it, don't you, Mungo?"
He looked at the exact copy of Max's outfit from Where the Wild Things Are. A great choice for a little kid, possibly pleasant, if you happened to be about four, but Mungo wasn't four and hadn't been for nearly a decade. At nearly five foot ten, Mungo was already six inches taller than mom.
"You don't like it," she said her face a picture of abject misery, "do you?"
How come everyone else saw him as an adult, almost, except Mom? Mungo mustered his diplomatic powers.
"You did a great job, Mom. You're amazing with that sewing machine."
"I hope it's long enough in the legs," she said grabbing the costume off the hanger and holding up the shoulders to his, pulling the crotch between his denim-clad legs.
"Mom!" he said taking a step back. "Please." He took the costume from her hands that knew no boundaries; a woman who still spat on a tissue to scrub his face. That was the price of having an older mom, old enough to be anyone else's gran, who could die any day because of her heart condition. Hence, although sometimes he wanted to crush her like a kitten, Freddie Krueger style. Instead, he took a deep breath and hoped Horace, his older brother, would bring the grandkids round for Mom's baby-fix.
That was the price he paid for being Mungo, the miracle baby who arrived on this earth when his mom was already a grandmother four times over.
"Have you grown again?" Mom frowned at him, peering through her bifocals rammed against the bridge of her nose.
Mungo was tired of this topic. Whether or not he had grown? Eaten his home-made packed lunch? Completed his homework? Any girls on the scene? He particularly hated the word, 'scene,' or maybe the way she said it, with innuendo wiggling eye-brows.
Mungo retreated inside his bedroom step-by-step, closing the door in-by-inch muttering platitudes: "Yes, be there soon, I'd love a snack." He didn't lock the door but slipped a chair under the handle. It wouldn't keep her out but might delay the inevitable. What did he have to do for a minute of peace?
He pushed in his ear-buds, turned up the volume and threw himself on the bed; a short single bed with a Mickey Mouse comforter set [new], ancient plushies lined up in order of size along his pillow. The walls were a faded shade of baby blue with thirty-six of the original fifty, glow-in-the-dark stars on the ceiling.
Was it only an hour ago? After school, he went home with Oblenska Comaneci to study. If the name Mungo sounded weird, then Oblenska was almost as bad. Why would anyone name their daughter after a thoroughbred horse? At school, they called her Obi-Wan Kenobi, but not to her face, a beautiful face so the name didn't fit: a turned up button nose, dark eyes, sombre expression, and fair hair cut short like a boys. Her parents both worked full-time.
She had the house to herself if you didn't count the little brothers. Mungo didn't, and neither did Oblenska.
There, they spent forty-five minutes in her magnolia colored bedroom, sunk in two separate beanbag chairs, like static drowning. He longed to touch her, but subtle, sophisticated movement was impossible. Her room had no toys, but an impressive collection of books filled a five-shelf bookcase. By their condition, split spines and dog-eared pages, someone had read them. Her bed, a double, wore a plaid comforter with matching pillows. No drapes, but the kind of vertical blinds you saw in offices.
"I go trick or treat with you?" Oblenska had asked. Her grasp of English amazed him, as did her forthrightness, when she'd only moved to California three months ago. "I have traditional Halloween. Mom, she buy pumpkins. You teach me carve, yes?"
"Don't you do that at home?"
"No. I buy fancy dress, yes."
"Costume," he corrected.
"What you wear?"
"Haven't decided yet." Hadn't thought about it either.
"Superhero of capitalism or knight on white charger?"
"Not sure I'll go this year," he said avoiding her eyes.
"You must. I think you go as Tin Man from Wizard of Oz."
He laughed at what he hoped was a joke.
"No, it good for you. Man with no heart."
Mungo didn't correct her this time, glad she didn't suggest the scarecrow with no brain.
Mungo heard the clunk of a car door outside and then the squeals of little kids tumbling up the drive, racing to get to the door first, squabbling about whose turn to ring the doorbell. The sound–a howling wolf –radiated throughout the house ready for Halloween, custom installed courtesy of his big brother, Horace.
The hall was a mass of movement, kissing, hugging, and squirming kids clamoring for candy twenty-four hours early, not that Mom minded. "What's the point of being a grandma if you can't spoil the kids," she'd say in her role as Grandma Nelly.
Mungo's youngest niece, Sara, wore a purple tutu with hair to match and an old plastic golf club instead of a magic wand.
"Uncle Mungo," she said scrambling up his body like an assault course. "What you wear for Halloween?"
"Mungo's going as Max," Mom said.
"From Where the Wild Things Are?" Horace asked.
"Is there another Max?" Mom said herding the children into the lounge with an exasperated, "don't-you-know-anything-look," at her sons.
Horace hovered. Mungo malingered in the hall.
"How are you gonna get out of that?" Horace asked.
"Hoping you might be able to help."
"Me? I've got enough on my own plate, without spinning your dishes too."
"Did Mom do this to you too?"
"No," Horace said rubbing the grey stubble on his chin. "You forget I was the youngest of four back then. She tricked Ovid, Virgil, and Anthony when she was the Tiger Cub Pack Leader. Got them to earn their sewing, knitting, and ironing merit badges. Made the badges herself. Think that's why they threw her out of the Scouts. A black day for Nelly Mortenstow, but a coup for male independence. She'd lost interest by the time I came along."
"Her interest has revived."
"Don't think it ever died, just in hibernation." Horace grinned. "Don't worry, someone will rescue you."
"Knights on white chargers don't save guys like me." He had a vision of himself in one of those weird costumes that stuck out at the front and the back to resemble a horse, with his own body in the middle as the rider with a tin can on his head, wielding a plastic sword.
"True. Maybe instead you'll get a damsel in distress."
Mungo hadn't planned anything for Halloween. Maybe tag along with Horace and the kids; blend in with the adults. Now Oblenska expected him to step up. What to wear? How could he dump the Max costume without upsetting Mom?
Online, he checked the Halloween stores. Even the cheapest costume cost too much. A waste for a one-off occasion. Although, if he picked the right one, maybe he'd have a better chance with Oblenska. He couldn't picture himself in any of them. They all signaled a different message. The wrong message.
"There you are," Mom said poking her head round the bedroom door. "Dinner's on the table."
Mungo pushed his salad around the plate.
"Eat up," Mom said. "Chocolate log for dessert. Your favorite."
Mungo hadn't eaten chocolate for nearly six weeks, not that she'd noticed, and neither had his acne.
"Horace said you wanted to go as a knight on a white charger," Mom said.
"He was teasing."
"Good. How's your study buddy?"
"Obi-Wan Kenobi."
"Mom! Don't call people names."
"Isn't that her name?"
"Of course not. She's called Oblenska Comaneci."
"Then why did Horace call her that?"
"Teasing."
"Is she a communist?"
"How the heck should I know? Although," he said with a spark of inspiration, "she is a feminist."
Mom was also a feminist, the first wave; the burn-your-bra and don't-wash-your hair version.
"Is she? Ask her around for dinner then I can lend her some literature?"
"Literature?"
"Western feminist tracts and classics like The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan. I've still got my original signed copy."
Mungo filled his mouth with lettuce.
"I doubt if the Soviets permitted the freedom to read."
Mungo took a gulp of tepid water. Best not to interrupt Mom mid-flow. As the mother of five boys, she'd had an ongoing mission, transformation into, "manageable husband material," for the, "next generation of feminists."
Mungo's researched confirmed he was the only student in the entire school who could darn a sock, but his black belt status in Tae Kwando evened out the balance.
Meanwhile, how to delay the inevitable meeting between Oblenska and Mom? The last thing Oblenska said to him as she shooed him from the house was, "I see you tomorrow after school. Your house. Six o'clock. I bring my brothers for the trick and treat together."
Oblenska wasn't in any of Mungo's classes, but he did see her briefly at lunch recess. Reluctant to tackle the gaggle of girls on the grass in the shade, he sat on a wall and ate a tasteless burger from the cafeteria, but Oblenska broke from the group.
"You are ready or you are not?"
"Excuse me?" Mungo said.
Oblenska wore her usual uniform of blue jeans and black T-shirt. She always looked great, no jewelry, no make-up, and no fuss.
"For festivity tonight," she said. "I have costume for you."
"For me?"
"Yes. We are team, you, me, my little brothers. It is good, no?"
He loved the way she said, "little," pronouncing it, "Leetil." In fact, he loved everything about her, everything except this ultimatum.
"See ya," she said over her shoulder returning to the girls.
Mungo retreated in the face of impossible odds. What had she chosen? Had she bought him a costume or made one? What costume suited four people? The four musketeers? No, please. The four what? He wracked his brain. The four horses of the apocalypse?
Classes dragged like congealed oatmeal. Mungo couldn't concentrate on pre-algebra. His mind flooded with different scenarios, growing more disastrous as the afternoon trudged onwards, each minute taking him closer to the abyss of total humiliation. Then a brilliant idea percolated through. What if he took Oblenska and her brothers to a different part of town? Some place where nobody knew him. That way, if destined to look a fool, there'd be only three witnesses, four if you counted Mom, and he didn't.
The school bell rang announcing freedom. Mungo leaped from his chair, shouldered his book bag, and sauntered his way through the crowd carefree and confident.
After stopping at the mall and buying a few packs of glow-sticks for later, Mungo arrived home and found the house festooned with decorations. Mom must have spent a fortune: plastic gravestones graced the yard, orange lanterns lined the drive, the front door decked with purple swags, windows wore black silhouettes of not-too-scary ghouls, and the doorstep displayed a collection of carved, smiling, pumpkins.
Inside, he nearly tripped over several sacks of candy. Progress! Mom had realized home-made cupcakes weren't acceptable; only plastic wrapped and vacuum sealed for the over-protective parents of San Jose.
"Is that you, Mungo?" Mom called from upstairs.
"Yup." He dumped his book bag and ambled into the kitchen where his snack waited: sandwich cut into triangles, crusts removed, and a glass of chocolate milk to the right and three oatmeal cookies to the left. Would she still offer this when he was forty? Hearing footfalls on the stairs, he took a bite to show willing.
Mom burst into the kitchen.
"Ta-dah!" she said performing a clumsy pirouette.
The sandwich stuck to the roof of his mouth. He'd forgotten. How could he have forgotten? Mom wore her Wicked Witch of the West costume: lurid green face, pointy hat, red and white striped tube socks, and completed by, horror of horrors, a slightly bent broomstick. She should never have loaned it to Sara for dress-up.
"What's with the socks, Mom?"
"Socks?"
"They're striped." Not so say ridiculous. "They're not authentic."
"I thought they added a touch of whimsy. I don't want to scare the little ones, and at their height, they'll notice the socks first and won't be freaked out by my face." She smiled. "I skipped the false teeth too."
Why couldn't she wear something less weird?
"Haven't you still got that costume from the book fair?"
"Cordelia, your namesake, King Lear's youngest tragic daughter, with the tall hat and veil, medieval woman." He couldn't have Oblenska come green-face-to-face with this apparition. What would she think? First impressions count. "Here, meet my mom, the maddest woman in the west."
"Don't think Shakespeare's suitable for Halloween," Mom said. "Besides, no one will know who I'm supposed to be."
Problem. If Mom planned to stay home and dole out candy, who'd drive him, Oblenska, and her brothers to the other side of town, preferably the furthest away part of town?
"Go change," she said. "Horace is coming with the kiddies and Ovid said he might honor us with his presence."
"What about Virgil?" Mungo's eldest brother never came to anything. A bachelor, professor of classics and professional musician, and by far the weirdest of them all. Would Mungo end up like him, forever single?
"Virgil's the organist tonight for the church vigil on All Hallow's Eve, starts in ten minutes at six."
Mungo glanced at the front door. Any second now, Oblenska and brothers, would ring the bell. He wasn't prepared.
Hadn't briefed Mom. His fingers slipped to the broomstick handle. If only!
"Don't waste time, Mungo. Change in my room."
"Your room? Why?"
"Because Oblenska and her brothers are dressing in yours."
"My room?"
"Stop repeating everything I say. It's so annoying."
"You're saying Oblenska and her brothers are already here?"
"Yes. You're more dense than this cauldron," she said lifting a black plastic bucket full of highly polished apples. "Don't worry, they're organic. I'm a woman of principals. Have to offer the trick or treaters a healthy alternative."
Mungo stood, uncertain whether his legs would cooperate. A door banged. People pounded down the stairs. Two little boys burst into the kitchen, presumably the brothers, followed by…followed by whom? A girl dressed as Dorothy Gale from Kansas.
"I am look good, but I am bad at accent," Oblenska said holding a long red braid in each hand. "This is Vlad, Tin Man, and this is Boris, Scarecrow."
Mungo attempted a smile.
"Let me guess. I'm the cowardly lion."
"Well done dear," Mom said. "See," she said turning to Oblenska, "I told you he'd join in."
"What about the Max costume?" Mungo asked.
"Never mind that," Mom said, "this is so much better."
"You've watched the Wizard of Oz?" Mungo asked Oblenska. "When?"
"On airplane. It is based on our, The Wizard of the Emerald City, by Alexander Volkov, but different characters. Everyone is knowing this story. What is wrong? You not like my costume?"
"I do," Mungo said. "I'm just not used to seeing you with so much hair and in a dress. I thought you were a feminist."
"I am feminist. Your Dorothy is feminist icon."
"Self-reliant. Ensures safe future. Takes command of own destiny."
"You'll all look adorable," Mom said. "I've got my camera ready. Hurry!"
Mungo plodded upstairs and found a lion costume on his mother's bed. Pulling it on, he fought with the zipper and then looked at himself in the full-length mirror in disgust. He looked ludicrous dressed from head to foot in yellow fur. He kicked off his shoes and sunk his toes into the huge cartoon paw-feet.
The door squeaked open, and Mungo turned to his expectant audience, Mom, Oblenska, and the boys.
"You forget your top," Oblenska said stepping forward with a massive male head with a mane to rival the Lion King.
Mungo disappeared inside it, swallowed whole, to the delight of the bystanders.
"You look funstatic," Mom said in a vague Slavic accent, inappropriate as always.
Mungo struggled to find the eye holes. No one would ever recognize him wearing this. Maybe it wouldn't be so bad after all.
"Can you see" Oblenska asked, "dear one?"
Dear one! Dear one? What did she mean? Was this a translation problem?
"Can you hear," Oblenska asked, "dear one?"
Yes, he could hear. Yes, he could see, just about if he tilted the head forwards. Were any of his senses functioning?
"Oblenska asked about your name," Mom said, "so I explained."
Oh no, Mom. Did you have too? Of course she did, when did Mom ever hold back?
"How you're named after St. Mungo, the patron saint and founder of the city of Glasgow, Scotland, where I was born. Hence your red hair and freckles, not that you can see them with all that acne."
Too much information, Mom. When would she learn to hold her tongue? Somebody make her stop.
"And that, Mungo," Mom said, "roughly translated, means, 'dear one.'"
Perhaps Horace was right. Mungo wasn't saved by a damsel in distress but enslaved by a young woman wearing a blue gingham dress.
Check out other mystery articles, reviews, book giveaways & short stories in our mystery section.
Madeline McEwen is an ex-pat from the UK, bi-focaled and technically challenged. She and her Significant Other manage their four offspring, one major and three minors, two autistic, two neurotypical, plus a time-share with Alzheimer's. This last year she has experienced the delight of publishing more than a dozen short stories. Learn more on her website: http://www.blogger.com/profile/05828186178060722812
Tagged as: Halloween, Madeline McEwen-Asker, Short Story
1 Anne October 14, 2014 at 1:03pm
Fun read! Like peeling back the curtains to watch and listen to these lively characters' lives for one Halloween day. Thank you for sharing!
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After rescheduling Santiago's abdominal ultrasound 4 times (no exaggerations made), I decided to call my former counselor. It became clear to me that all my copying mechanisms were failing in lifting my sadness and that anger and desperation were building up rapidly. I also realized that my husband was more concerned about my well being at this point than Santiago's and that was not fear to him. In my first session, I talked for at least 45 minutes without taking a breath and then I cried, I cried a lot! The first big realization I had was that I was going through a grieving process regardless nobody was dead. I was grieving that "the way I always imagined having my baby" was not going to happen for me. When I walked into a room, people would not come to me to tell me how beautiful my baby was (most of them wouldn't) and my biggest concern raising a baby would not be his teething pains or an ear infection. Dr. Kubler-Ross identifies 5 stages of grief and I definitely walked through all of them:1) Denial: despite the fact that I was told twice by different doctors that Santi seemed to have JXG, I did not believe it until the biopsy results came. Even then, I still thought that his case would not be severe against her dermatologist's warning. For a long time I would skip going to the histiocytic websites because those diseases were really bad and my Santi's was not. 2) Anger: to say that I was mad is an understatement, I was furious. I was angry at God, at myself, at my husband, at my family and at the whole world if you asked me. Why was this happening to my little angel? Why us? It is estimated that 500 kids are diagnosed each year in the US with some type of histiocytic disorder. The chances are almost as tiny as to win a lottery, a very bad one and yet we got the winning ticket! 3) Bargaining: I started to negotiate with God. I asked him to take the JXG away from Santiago and give it to me instead. I also offered him to give me any other type of disease he wanted if JXG was not of his preference. I started to pray to Saint Expedito, a Saint that helps in urgent causes (I still did not want to believe that JXG came to stay for a long time). I used to pray three times a day, sometimes four. I knew I was not praying, I was telling God what to do. 4) Depression: when I realized that God and Saint Expedito were not doing what I asked, after I was mad to almost all my family members and friends, and I had several fights with my husband, I gave up. I felt completely powerless over JXG. It was obvious to me that there was nothing I could do about the spots besides watching them grow. I felt that I was failing Santiago as a mom. I had a horrible sense of loneliness. Nobody seemed to completely understand what I was going through, not even my husband. Close ones either tried to minimize my feelings, wanted me to be "positive" or they seemed to be in a worse place than I was. 5) Acceptance: when my counselor suggested that I should try loving Santi's bumps since they were part of his body, I thought she went crazy. When she said that she was concerned that I did not want to come out of my house and wanted me to join a "mommy class", I thought she was insane. When she pointed out that Santi and I were more "normal" than not, I thought: "that is because you don't know how people look at us" and when she kept repeating that I was a smart and loving person and she knew that I was going to figure this out with time, I could not visualize it either. However, the fact that she could was already making me feel better.
*My eternal thankfulness to Marilyn, who have helped me work the most difficult issues in my life and have always listened to my truth without judgment.


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Home > Opinion > 'They blame me for fulfilling my promises in election manifesto'
'They blame me for fulfilling my promises in election manifesto'
Tania Ameer16 April 2013 11:15 PM GMT
It's not everyday that the young chief minister of Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav calls you over for a free-wheeling, hour-long chat, and shares his vision for his home state, and how he intends to take it on a higher path of growth and development. It was exactly an year back that the confident but genuinely humble Yadav scion had talked to Millennium Post, when he was trying to emerge out of his father's shadow. Now, he has come of age politically, with the completion of one year in power. In an exclusive interview with Tania Ameer Khan, he stresses upon the importance of supporting a secular government and mentions the flagship projects that he has undertaken thus far, such as building PPP expressways and tackling corruption and law and order problems, amongst others. Excerpts:
You are one of the youngest chief ministers in the whole country and we have a lot of expectations from you. Now that you have completed one year, what do you think have been your achievements so far?
To begin with, I would like to say that these days everyone is hurling accusations at me. Right from members of the legislative assembly to the media, they only blame me for fulfilling my promises made in the election manifesto. I do hope doing so is an accepted thing in a democracy. People are saying that 'you are sitting in the government and implementing the manifesto!' I think for a government to be able to do this is a major achievement and we have been able to pull it off. In the two budgets which have been passed in the house, we have tried to include everything from the manifesto, right from
vidyadhan yojna, unemployment scheme, laptop scheme and others.
People have criticised us for the laptop scheme saying it was just for rhetoric and wouldn't be implemented. In fact, a leader of opposition in the house said this is just a jhunjuna, which they will show but not give. But we have proved them wrong, and given out 10,000 laptops till date, and the real result will be seen when we give out about 5-6 lakh more. In fact, we intend to give out at least 15-16 lakh laptops. The whole idea behind this exercise is to remove the digital divide between the child in the village and the one in the city. In fact, Intel came to us saying they will train teachers here free of cost. We have implemented this. We have introduced more universities and have worked on improving their infrastructure.
For Lucknow-Agra expressway, we have made RFQ (request for quotation), which is going to be India's biggest PPP project – the longest in length and highest in cost that no state has ever attempted. The idea next in line is to make it into a prepaid project vis-a-vis the private expressway. Through this, not only Delhi, Agra, Firozabad, Kanpur, Unnao, Lucknow and other areas in UP will get express road connections, but also the whole scene of economic development will experience a massive change for the better. This highway will be connecting two capitals. Besides, Agra is an important tourist destination, which when connected to Lucknow, which in terms of tourism is a dead city compared to Agra or any other city, will actually benefit immensely, drawing in the stream of tourists, who would normally not include Lucknow in their itinerary.
Our main focus now is to improve infrastructure setup, improve the tourism sector and provide education. Power is a problem here, with higher levels of consumption, although distribution hasn't been undertaken adequately. But the UP government is working at every possible level to develop this. We are working on both generation and distribution of power in the state. In fact, in certain places, the standard of power distribution has been significantly hiked. Our main concern at present is to reduce the cost of consumption for the consumer. The model of power generation, distribution and consumption should be shaped in such a manner that it doesn't become a burden on them, and we are working on it. Getting across power for free to farmers in the state or at a substantially lower cost is one of the major challenges ahead for us.
What do you think have been your failures?
People might say some of these things could have been brought in earlier, for example the IT City. But there is a procedure that we had to follow, because essentially, it was a land meant for animal husbandry department. However, we looked for the ideal place and decided to set it up at that spot. Another important requirement is having an excellent cancer institute. A lot of people opt to go to Mumbai's Tata Memorial institute because there is no place offering treatment for cancer in this state. Cancer cases are on the rise and these people can't go to AIIMS in Delhi or even afford expensive treatment in private hospitals. We have also given place to Amul in the state, and they would soon be setting up a five lakh-litre plant here. The only thing which can be considered as our failure is that the work might have been going on at a slow pace, because everything needs to be done according to the procedure. If you hurry the process, then you will end up going to jail. For example, the previous government did try to hasten up things and now you can see their ministers being put behind the bars. But I can vouch for sure that we have been able to put UP on the right path of development already. Infrastructure, power, education and also implementing social schemes are areas that we have concentrated on chiefly.
In your tenure, law and order has been coming up as a major issue. There have been communal clashes and curfews imposed, and some say you have no control over party workers. How do you plan to resolve this vital problem?
Law and order is something you have to work on a daily basis and must be at it continuously. Any incident that happens, you have to deal with firmly and in a right way. So, if an untoward incident takes place, then registering an FIR, or getting the investigation done, are not issues here. For example, in the Bulandshehar incident the girl and mother who went to lodge their complaint at night, were made to sit behind a
jaali (wire gauze) door for their own protection. Yet, the news that was reported said that they had been arrested, when, in fact, the investigation and enquiry into the incident were getting done. Because such incidents wouldn't stop overnight, our priority is to ensure that police and legal procedures, such as registering FIRs, getting investigation conducted and sending criminals to jail happen smoothly and that is what we are doing. [Ghatnaye ekdin mein nahi rukh sakti, isiliye durghatna ke baad, FIR darj karna, kaarwai karna aur jo doshi hai unhe jail bhejna, yehi humara kaam hai]. In UP, no one can say that if an incident has occurred, no action has been taken to deal with the matter at hand. We have even removed a minister when the need arose. Even in the CEO issue, whatever the government could do, it has done. Every government has to work continuously. See, even in Delhi, after such a big incident occurred, it did not stall more such heinous episodes from happening again. Also, I have seen that any news from UP about an incident at a thana is carried on every national channel. We have to be more alert and observe these issues, so that it doesn't turn into a law and order problem.
Shivpal Yadav's comment – 'As long as you work hard and get things done, you can steal a little. Stealing should not get transformed into general loot of the people' – has created a furore in media. What is your view on the issue of corruption, which is a major problem in your state, and how are you handling it?
Let me tell you what had actually happened. He said dakaity nahi ho sakti (there can't be robbery) and what media showed was chori kar sakte ho (you can steal some). But actually what he said was kaamchori (slight shirking of responsibilities) and not chori (stealing). He essentially said
dacoity nahi hone denge hum, lekin thodi kaamchoori kar sakte ho. (we won't let loot happen, but you get a little lax about your work at times). From there, kaamchori became chori, hence the confusion.
Corruption was at peak during the tenure of the last government. But we are here to reduce corruption, because it simply derails development. People keep waiting for files to be moved. I keep checking the file movement in the government, because all the dates are on the files. Ideally, there should be no delay because of any reason.
When it comes to industrialisation, what are your achievements and future plans?
Right from day one we have had many delegations of industrial bodies meeting us. We had done a summit with CII in Agra, where a lot of investors had come. Then we did a US IBC programme in Lucknow, where a lot of American business partners came in. Even our policies for sugarcane, solar energy, infrastructure and PPP roads, have started seeing the light of the day. For an industry to be setup, the policy needs to be in place. Before this, there was no concrete policy in place. We have land and industrial area. The ambassador from Japan had come here, who said although they worked in various states, with several industries in Tamil Nadu and Haryana (they have more than thousand industries in India), they have, in UP, only 70. So we are working on this aspect as well.
Mamata Banerjee and several other political party leaders believe that state governments should not acquire land from the poor and give it to builders and people from private corporations. What is your view on it?
Recently there was an all party meet on land acquisition as well. In our ghoshna (announcement) following that, we had stressed that without the consent of any farmer we cannot and will not acquire land, and that is what we are doing. But without land, no development is possible. You can't force a farmer to sell his land but yes, if he gets a good price for it, then he will go ahead and sell it willfully.
Tania Ameer