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The world of Forex trend analysis uses many technical indicators and Stochastic is one of them. The Stochastic Oscillator was developed by George Lane in the 1950s and has since become an essential tool for comparing the current currency price with the most recent highs and lows.
To understand how a Stochastic Oscillator works, let's take Stochastic (7) for example. In this case, it means the current position of the currency price is being defined by the analysis of the last 7 bars in relation to the corresponding high and low range of those 7 bars. 1 bar presents 1 day. So when the daily chart shows the Stochastic (7) being too close to the zero line, it means the current price has hit the all-time low level in the past 7 days. In case the same chart has its stochastic line close to 100, it means the current security price is at an all-time high in the last 7 days period.
According to the theory of technical analysis, the market is described to have been oversold if the stochastic line hits below the 20 point. If it hits above the 80 point, the market is described to have been overbought. However, you need to be careful not jump into conclusions. For instance, a stochastic line dipping below 20 does not always mean the market trend will reverse. It only serves to tell you that the currency price is close to the 7-day low. Your currency pair can unpredictably go down during the whole of the 7 day period or can stay flat only to dip on the 7th day and so on. Your currency can hit the 7 day low for various reasons but you can not be assured your stock will soar as a result.
Is Stochastics reliable after all?
The unpredictable swing does not mean Stochastics is an unreliable technical indicator for your Forex strategy. All you need to do is to know what it leads and how to use it. You need to carefully monitor the indicator once it gets above 20 after having a stint below that mark and when it gets below the 80 point after it has stayed above it for some time. This is a better way of making concluding than simply making judgments once it drops below 20 or soars above 80.
A stochastic crossing the 20 point means that the currency price has just started rising after hitting the bottom but that does not mean it will keep that trajectory. At least, it shows that market sentiments have changed since hitting the bottom.
Just like other indicators, remember to pay attention to your currency pair's volatility because indicators tend to rely on it. Furthermore, it is prudent to use this indicator alongside others. The fact that Stochastics is based on price means you should consider using it in combination with a volume based Forex technical analysis.
Do You Really Believe In Real Money?
What Is the Real Cost of Paper Versus Electronic Billing or Invoicing?
Why Do We Need Gold?


My Call Karma has turned for the worse. At least this is what I told myself as I drove home from the hospital last night. My last seven days has seen me at the deliveries for three infants with a combined weight of 1650g or about 4 lbs and in two other patents lose the battle in our teams fight to preserve a life. There is no doubt this has been trying for myself and for that matter the rest of the teams I have worked with during that time. In the field of Neonatology, members of our team would say this has been "a bad week". For those that know me you would also say that this is quite surprising as I am known for having good "Call Karma".
On that 20 minute drive home I had some time to think about that statement and the more I did, the more I questioned (possibly due to a sleep deprived state) why I and other colleagues utter such words. At some point or another I have heard most physicians I know speak in such terms or use the word luck in the place of Karma. What is Call Karma exactly for those of you who are really confused at this point? The concept of Call Karma is that some health care practitioners seem to have very uneventful times when on call and others plagued by the busiest shifts or weeks or service seemingly every time they are working. Before I go on, I will state the obvious, that this seems preposterous to anyone who has read so far and knows anything about statistics unless of course you believe that there are forces at work manipulating probabilities. Nonetheless, if you work in a hospital and listen for it you will hear people mention Call Karma from time to time when things are exceptionally busy or quiet in the NICU while someone is on call or service. This is also not something that is restricted to those with more or less experience, as I have heard it said many times over by people at both ends of the years of service spectrum.
As I was trying to settle myself after a rough night in the NICU I took to several literature search sites and tried to find an article on Call Karma. After spending more time than I would like to admit I came up with zero results. Twitter was more productive, as I came across many tweets on the subject with people referencing both their good and bad experiences in the hospital. What I did not find was a blog post or article on the subject anywhere, yet having worked in two hospitals and heard the expression used countless times it seems it is common vernacular wherever you find health care providers.
An action, seen as bringing upon oneself inevitable results, good or bad, either in this life or in a reincarnation.
Applying this definition to being on call or service I believe explains exactly what Call Karma is. Women are not choosing when to deliver their infants based on our call schedules nor are babies deciding when and how sick they will get depending on who comes into the NICU that day in their scrubs to start call or service.
Call Karma exists in our heads and is the result of myopic views of our work life combined with confirmation bias and a healthy dose of support from those around us and is inevitable as the definition suggests above for some of us in this life (I will leave the reincarnation piece out of it!). Confirmation bias is the tendency to notice data that confirm our suspicions about the truth as we see it and ignore data streams that contradict that perception. Using the example of call, if five out of ten weeks of service are "busy" and five are more uneventful we will pay no attention to the calm times but accept the label of bad Call Karma when someone mentions it to us during those weeks that are particularly stressful. Myopia rears it's ugly head in this situation, as we tend to look at the short term events as confirmatory during a bad week rather than remembering the last nine weeks and how they all went as well. We are slaves to the "here and now".
Finally the last piece of the puzzle has to do with the above definition which includes the words"bringing upon onseself". How we perceive and handle these busy weeks is just as important as the acuity as observed by others. Are you a health care provider who obsesses over details, likes to micromanage and feels the need to be present in the unit for fear that the people around you can't be trusted to do as careful a job as you would? If so, your perception of your weeks will be quite different that the practitioner who takes the approach of being more trusting of those on call in the NICU and being more of a big picture person. Our minds can only handle so much information at once and if you have several babies sick at the same time and have a obsessive need to know every sodium, hemoglobin and CRP result trended over time for each patient you will in fact be busier than the person who takes a less micromanaged approach. Same patients, just a different perception of acuity and business and therefore stress. It is such type A behaviour that I believe is what brings most of the karma upon us. It doesn't take much acuity to have those with such behaviours perceive that they are busier than others. Add to this, people around them who see them in the unit working tirelessly on service and then commenting that their karma is bad and…voila you have the perfect setup for bad Call Karma!
So as I prepare to start this day anew I conclude this post with the following. Call Karma exists but like anything the power to change it lies within yourself. Today may bring good or bad but statistics would say I am due for a break…or not.
What are the real health care costs for NICU graduates?
Living in Canada we are privileged to have a universal health care system. Privileged in the sense that all citizens are entitled to the same level of care regardless of economic circumstance although the monetary costs to the tax payer is another story and forms the basis of most arguments in the US against adopting such a system down south. My goal of this post though is not to enter into a debate about which system is superior but rather speak of the dollars and cents attributable to being born too early or too small.
In the US such measurements are simpler as costs are more easily measured in a private health care system but each health care region in Canada can measure to a certain degree the costs associated with a hospital stay. Certainly the story of Raquena Thomas made this clear to me. In 2007 she was born in Edmonton after her mother left Jamaica for a visit with family in Edmonton. After delivering she was found to have hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and went on to have the first stage of the Norwood procedure. What followed was a bill to the mother for $162576 and for commentary on the discussion that ensued about who should pay the bill see the article here. As I was working at the Stollery Children's Hospital at the time and cared for this infant it was clear to me after this experience that the hospital indeed has a clear method to calculate costs even if we the taxpayer are blind to such calculations.
In this period 1 in 7 babies was born either preterm or small for gestational age. If specifically looking at infants < 2500g defined as low birth weight this represented 6% of all babies born. When you factor in that there were 350000 babies born in that year in Canada we are looking at about 21000 babies nationally.
Looking at the costs for these infants one sees a direct relationship between decreasing birth weight and increasing costs in the hospital. This should not be surprising to anyone. It should be noted though that the paper provides average costs only without standard deviation or ranges. As you would expect, the costs for a patient with severe HIE or NEC would be higher than the 26 week infant who has a very smooth course and does not have a symptomatic PDA, severe IVH or any other significant disability during their course.
The data looking at such costs is scare with respect to the Canadian landscape and even more difficult to determine has been lifetime costs or at least incremental costs after leaving the hospital environment. I was delighted to see that former colleagues of mine in Edmonton have published a new paper examining both the extent of health service utilization (HSU) attributable costs in the year following discharge of both LBW and normal birth weight peers in Alberta (abstract here). Not surprisingly, smaller babies have more medical needs. In this study LBW patients had an average of 5.9 outpatient services and 1.1 visits to the ER in the first year of life compared to 2 and 0.9 in the normal birth weight peers. Physician services were double with 22.7 office visits compared to 11.9 in the NBW group. The costs to the Health Care system overall are represented in the table below which demonstrates that the LBW infants make up 37% of the total health care costs of newborns yet represent only 6% of the population. In terms of risk factors for LBW they were high prepregnancy weight, aboriginal women and low socioeconomic status. Efforts to lessen the incidence of the first and third factor in our pregnant population would be a good target for public health efforts. Bear in mind that the costs outlined below are in addition to the costs in the hospital.
The analysis provided in this paper does not specify out the costs by certain conditions such as NEC or BPD so all we have to go on are averages for HSU and cost. It does however raise a point which I believe is crucial to any discussions with respect to expanding programs within the hospital. We need to refocus administration at both the hospital level and at the funding source (our provincial governments) as to the true costs of the conditions that we are trying to prevent. It is only through looking at the costs of both the hospitalization and after discharge that we can truly come to understand the cost effectiveness of expanded programs or new treatment modalities.
Donor breast milk is one that I believe serves as a good example of a program that is in need of expansion in many places in the country but is hampered by the perception of high up front costs. The average cost of this milk is about $4 per ounce. I will simplify the math a little as there would be a phase of escalating the volume per day and a wean at the end but let's say we have a 1.5 kg infant that we want to treat with DBM for a period of 4 weeks. The cost to do this assuming a TFI of 150 mL/kg/d would be a little over $800 per patient so with the increasing phase, wean and adjusting for some weight gain let's say $1000 per patient. If there were 200 such patients in your hospital each year the annual cost would be $200000 which on the surface seems like a lot of money. From the most recent cochrane review though comparing formula to donor milk the risk ratio to develop NEC is 2.77 meaning that a preterm baby who receives formula is nearly three times as likely to develop NEC. Ignoring differing rates of NEC by hospital let's just use the concept that we could prevent one case of NEC a year with such a strategy. The cost of medical NEC is somewhere between 100-140K while surgical is 200 – 240K. The in-hospital costs of preventing just one case nearly pay for or exceed the cost of the entire years supply of DBM. If you add to this the cost of the following years of physician visits, consultants, testing, special diets and investigations and procedures these patients receive the costs are more than covered from just one patient.
Health care budgets are no doubt a difficult thing to balance but the point of all of this is that when determining whether to spend our precious health care dollars we must look at not only the impact during the hospitalization but for years after if we truly modify future risks as well.
What fascinates you? Help me help you!
If you are from North America and watched Tom Cruise in his heyday then you have seen Jerry Maguire and recognized instantly the second part of the title of this post. If you haven't seen the film it is worth watching. Even if you have you can see a short clip from the film that inspired the title of this post here and it is really worth watching!
Why such a title for a post? I am always intrigued when I see a spike in viewership from a particular country which today happened to be France and yesterday Argentina. For previous posts it has been such countries as Oman, Great Britain and yesterday Brazil. This leads me to wonder what is it about some posts that light a fire and others that only generate a little smoke? There is a world of Neonatology to talk about and as the writer of this blog I do my best to find topics that I believe will be of broad interest to many.
As I have seen such spikes come and go I have come to the realization that perhaps there are topics that are of immense interest to the people of one country and others that quite simply fall flat. Are they not pertinent as the technology being discussed for example is simply not available there or simply an uninteresting topic.
My goal has been and will continue to be to try and stimulate discussion or at least provoke some thought on a global basis and thereby create a global community for cross pollination of ideas. With that being said, my question to the readers of this blog is what would you like to hear about? I ask not because I am running out of ideas; on the contrary with each week of news stories and articles pertaining to Neonatology it seems like the topics are endless. Rather my question stems from the realization that as I sit in my North American city my scope of what is important or relevant to Neonatal practice is somewhat limited.
I welcome your comments and thoughts for future posts! Although my goal was to provide some education to people who took the time out of their day to read these posts I now realize that I can ask the same of my readership. Please educate me as to what is important or relevant to you! I can not promise to write about every topic I receive but I will certainly try and pick ones over time that I feel I can write about.
Milestone reached! Globalization of Neonatal Sharing Network.
I would like to thank each and every one of you for your words of encouragement over the last three weeks since the inception of this blog. Today marked a significant event by surpassing 100 followers who receive an email with each blog post. As of tonight, there have also been almost 2000 viewings of these posts from at least 20 countries worldwide. I find these metrics informative as I really have no idea how many views happen on Facebook or Twitter but with the blog data I get a sense of how many of you are out there!
I have thoroughly enjoyed writing these pieces and really appreciate the feedback on each topic. The last few weeks have included correspondence with someone from another country who was unaware that Propranolol could be used for hemangiomas and a practical suggestion for starting children on propranolol in a day clinic type of environment. I look forward to the opening of such a clinic in our hospital in the next year or so. There is no doubt that the topic that garnered the most attention was the use of breast milk by body builders. Although this was a more playful topic it did raise awareness of the use of donor breast milk and who knows whether or not a unit somewhere may look into this through the communication that the post generated. The Sympathetic Note to the Anti-Vaxxers caused an explosion on Twitter that left me exhausted after 3 days of exchanges with people opposed to vaccination. I have to say that although it was tiring, the amount of websites, articles and information from that side of the argument that I was provided is worthy of a post in and of itself! I learned a lot from individuals on the other side of the promoting health coin and I feel as if I am a better doctor for it as I now have better insight into the basis for many of their arguments.
I have to say the pinnacle of this experience however was an exchange with someone who attributed their child's autism to the MMR vaccine. After a bit of a lengthy exchange I was sent a picture of her beautiful daughter with a thank you for having given them some relief after reading the post on MMR. Their daughter was lovely as was the knowledge that I had helped someone who I would have otherwise never met if it weren't for this medium.
Your support has kept my enthusiasm for writing up and on a local front I also want to thank the doctors, nurses, dieticians, RRTs and others who have encouraged this medium for education. I have really enjoyed being stopped in the NICU, IMCN or hallways to chat further about this post or that. It means a lot!
Moving forward I look forward to many more opportunities to share with you. I would like to add that I have created a twitter feed at @NICU_musings to talk about these and other topics not on the blog for those of you who are more bent on Twitter. There is also now a Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/allthingsneonatal where discussion can also take place if you are more of a Facebook fan.
I will leave you with this news story I read tonight which reminded me of the power of community generosity that many of you know we have been blessed with here. Charitable giving is a very special and important thing and this story seemed right to finish off on a high note.
I have been reminded this past week of the ability of the internet to connect people who would otherwise never be able to meet or at least write to one and other. Not surprisingly the first responses to the blog came from Canada but within a day viewers in the US were soon added and to them many countries in the Middle East, Great Britain, Spain, Senegal, Turkey and Laos just to name a few.
I have been greatly encouraged by the feedback on the site and topics and your comments have led me to explore other websites and initiatives that I was naive to myself. I see an incredible potential to disseminate ideas and in the future even collaborate on projects that people may be inspired to create. There are approaches and technologies that are in practice all over the world that through sharing we may bring to our own shores.
I hope you bear with me as I venture into the realm of blogging. I have no doubt there will be both good and bad but I hope with time less of the latter. The goal of this is to stimulate shared learning by putting my thoughts out and hopefully getting feedback in return. Thanks in advance for your comments and I hope that the journey is worthwhile.


This picture book gives younger readers a very accessible look at some of the struggles women faced in the past (and continue to do so in some parts of the world) where equality between the sexes is concerned. Though the story is lighthearted in tone as befitting the audience, the two or so pages of information at the back give a much deeper look at suffragette issues which will work as the perfect springboard for those kids who want to know more.
I see this book being used in classrooms to supplement lessons in fun ways. The art is pretty and the prose has a vigor to it that works well with the subject and themes under discussion. I enjoyed this one immensely.
For kids who love unicorns, this book is an amazing treat. Even those who don't will enjoy this little boardbook immensely. The push/pull slide makes the reading experience interactive. The illustrations are bright and attractive. The prose is fun and simple to understand. A perfect bedtime book.
A cute picture book that evokes women from contemporary times as well as women from the past through the shoes they wear. The pb presents an interesting way to look at remarkable figures throughout time and will appeal to girls interested in fashion. The prose is simple and the illustrations vivid. This book could make for a wonderful way to spend time and then move on to craft work–recreating your blank canvas shoes to affect your own personality.
I loved this one! The little bird is lonely and wants a friend but he has forgotten the song of spring. After a few false starts, he finally gets it right but by taking the long way, he gains some unexpected friends. The tone is bright and chirpy (forgive the unintended pun) and the illustrations are gold. Kids will have a riot with this one.
The format of this one is interesting. The prose is a bit dry and not very inviting but the visual aspect of this picture book offers a lot to the reader. I believe older readers will benefit more from this as they will be able to analyze the differences between light and shadow but an adult reading this together with their child works too.
Elly MacKay's art is out of this world. I enjoy her soft colours and the dreamy nature of the worlds she creatures. The Tallest Tree House is no different. Pip and Mip are fairies competing to see who can build the tallest tree house. One of them plans and the other one doesn't. Following this, you can see how the book can seem like a parable and get didactic. Fortunately, the pretty art saves it from being too severe in tone. I enjoyed this and so did my niece. The mushroom hair wins everything.
This skewed retelling of the fairytale is witty in tone but falters slightly due to its repetitive prose. However, my review is from an adult perspective and kids might think entirely differently. The art is pretty and witty in tone, imparting a whole lot of story on its own. I enjoyed it mostly.
This is adorable. Juniper, the raccoon, is tired of being small, but no matter what she does, she cannot seem to grow faster. When she meets Clove, a friend who is smaller than her, she sees a solution to her problems because Clove seems to have figured out how to get around (get cookies) despite being small.
Juniper learns some lessons and comes to some realizations all by herself. The book is beautifully told with outstanding art. Kids will love this book, perhaps almost as much as I do.


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PRO STREETS for all models. Shotgun design featuring stepped headpipes and tunable/replaceable flow-through baffles. Avialable in different styles such as turn out ends or with billet end caps. Expect an aggressive sound.


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You are here: Home / Blogs / RABBIT RAMBLINGS: An intersectional battle for justice
RABBIT RAMBLINGS: An intersectional battle for justice
March 29, 2018 by Chizu Omori, Nichi Bei Weekly Columnist Leave a Comment
It has always bothered me that our history of being incarcerated during World War II, based solely on the fact of our being of Japanese descent, has been so obscure and relatively unknown. I admit that many of us didn't want to talk about it, and it wasn't something that one would bring up in casual conversation.
And yet, I insist that it is an important part of the American story. The standard has usually been an uplifting tale of "democracy" and the American dream, of equality and freedom. It was a change in the bloody human history of domination of some over others. In fact, America was the example that inspired so many in other countries' concepts of freedom and justice. All that is true, but only partially, as anyone who has studied American history knows.
Issues of discrimination based on race have also been part and parcel of the story, from the very beginning, and skin color has been used to define status and rights.
So, having a president sign orders that imprisoned 120,000 of us was not that unthinkable, though it was the first time in modern history that such a violation of the laws of the land had been officially sanctioned and accepted by all three branches of the government. This was precedent-setting in a number of ways and raised a lot of legal questions. Still, for the most part, this story had been buried in the archives and history books as a minor "mistake," not worthy of attention. It pops up occasionally in commentary, but if you mention the "internment" story to people who live in the middle and eastern parts of the country, most won't know what you are talking about. Our documentary, "Rabbit In the Moon," produced in 1999, tried to call attention to our story, and was nationally broadcast, but it wasn't enough to make a deep impression.
So, it is very exciting to see the arrival of a dynamic new documentary, "And Then They Came For Us," Abby Ginzberg's pointed film reviewing our history with an eye to current events. I asked Ginzberg, a longtime Bay Area documentarian, what the impetus for the film was, and she said she was first asked to create a small piece to accompany an exhibit of Dorothea Lange's photos.
That did not appeal to her, but when Trump became president and started making noise about banning Muslims, imposing travel bans and even citing Roosevelt's actions in imprisoning us during WWII as a reason for doing something similar, Ginzberg saw an opportunity to bring attention to this disturbing turn of events. Her company, Social Action Media, has long been concerned with social and political issues.
So with the help of a foundation and other funders, she was able to make this documentary in record time and begin screenings when the situation with the travel bans was heating up. In effectively linking our incarceration with what's happening today, she has brought these issues before a wide audience and has been able to reach people in all parts of the country. She stresses the intersectionality of the subject, effectively interesting large groups of Americans: Muslims, African Americans, Latino Americans, and immigrants in general.
This is evidenced by her upcoming screenings scheduled in Michigan in a great mix of organizations representing a crosssection of concerned people, from the usual: ACLU, the Japanese American Citizens League, but also the Council on American-Islamic Relations, Washtenaw Interfaith Coalition for Immigrant Rights, Yemen American Benevolent Association, the University of Michigan's history department, etc. It is an astonishing line-up, showing the breadth of interest in the film.
And that's just one place, Michigan. Ginzberg usually has a panel discussion after every screening, and for those, she again gets a good mix of interested parties. For these Michigan screenings she has a moderator from the university's Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy for one of these programs, with participants like Nour Soubani and Asha Noor from the Take on Hate Campaign.
Moreover, Ginzberg is reaching out to educators, giving out free copies to high school teachers and encouraging its use in classrooms. I myself will be leading a discussion with Kent Middle School students in Marin County after they see the film. I am thrilled at the outreach that Ginzberg is conducting, and the groups that she is reaching.
One of the highlights of the film is how quickly and emphatically American Japanese stepped forward to proclaim solidarity with Muslim communities when they became subject to harassment. These actions began after 9/11, and we have organized rallies and demonstrations with the general theme, "Never Again." We are using our experience to call attention to the parallels between 1941 and today. These activities are amply represented in the film, and many Nikkei tell of their experiences and also the fight to get our case recognized and addressed during the redress campaign and also in the coram nobis legal fight to overturn the wartime cases of Hirabayashi, Yasui and Korematsu.
The themes in the film are tied together by the wonderful pictures taken by Dorothea Lange, the photographer hired by the government to do a photo documentation of the incarceration program. Disturbed by what she was witnessing, she tried to capture the effect that this uprooting was having on the Japanese Americans, the anguish and fear that they felt as their lives were being upturned and drastically changed. Her work also disturbed the government enough to order her pictures to be locked away for decades.
For more information about "And Then They Came For Us," contact Abby Ginsberg at: abby@socialactionmedia.com. You ought to see it. Chizu Omori, of Oakland, is co-producer of the award-winning film "Rabbit in the Moon." She can be reached at chizuomori@gmail.com. The views expressed in the preceding column are not necessarily those of the Nichi Bei Weekly.
Filed Under: Blogs, Featured, Featured Top Story, Rabbit Ramblings Tagged With: concentration camps, EO9066, executive order 9066, wartime incarceration, World War II, WWII

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to access SQL DB in Azure? I don't get it - after Google searching for a few hours and installing a lot of junk I still don't see the good, old SQL Management Studio anywhere.
This one is the big one that costs money. This one instaled the server but not the client that I want to use to access my DB in the Azure.
What am I missing?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Lightweight Warm Wool Mix Hijabs, keeping you stylish and warm at the same time!
3 Pack includes Wine, Vanilla,Thorpe *Please note colours may vary due to camera lighting and different monitor setting.
Cotton mix maxi hijabs with fringed edges, offering comfort and enough material to drape and style as you please. Size Approximately: 195 x 110cm Material Cotton/Viscose Mix *Please note colours may vary due to camera lighting and different monitor setting.


So far this season, we have taken the signature line of shoes, offered from Jordan Brand, on to the court. The Melo M7 and CP3.IV have proved to be solid performance, alongside the innovative Air Jordan 2011. Next month, another signature shoe will be introduced, as the first Dwyane Wade Jordan will take form in the Fly Wade. Before then, we take a look at an interesting new line into the Jordan Brand catalog. The persuasively named "Play In These," line offers retro styling with varied cushioning combinations (much like the Air Jordan 2011). Borrowing design aspects and technological features of current and past models our performance review puts the Jordan Play In These F TXT through the rigors of the hardwood.
An interesting name indeed, the F TXT takes form with a meld of the Melo M7, CP3.IV, and the Air Jordan XI. From the shape and heel Max Air unit, the F TXT takes from the Melo M7. The Podulon® cushioning in the forefoot, with the raised outsole sections bear resemblance to the CP3.IV. And taken from the most popular Air Jordan, is the plastic welded overlay. The construction of the shoe is neatly done, wrapped up in a tight and efficient package from the stitched patent leather on the upper, down to the shapely outsole. With the technology and aesthetics in place, there is definitely a place for the F TXT in the Jordan performance line up.
A side profile of the F TXT is an excellent showcase for the mid top design. The lines of the shoe flow perfectly, and the different materials are integrated seamlessly. To start, an "S" shaped rubber outsole is fitted on the underside. The customary herringbone pattern covers every area, including the raised sections on the forefoot. Placed on the forefoot, the red raised sections are split into three – two small portions at the top and one large portion. Marked with a jumpman logo, the large portion is separated by a horizontal flex groove, which extends through the forefoot. On the lateral side, small slits are cut into the outsole, revealing the red midsole. Etched into the toe cap is the main performance feature built into the forefoot – the "PODULON" cushioning technology. Next, the midfoot section of the outsole becomes a connector to the heel. The small strip, which runs diagonally, slightly dips inward (towards the footbed), before sloping up to the heel. Around this small strip, the red midsole creeps up, creating a deep triangular divot on the medial side. In the divot, a small stiff plate is found. Completing the underside is the Max Air loaded heel. Around the clear bubble, where the innards of the Max Air can be seen, is a "Y" shaped flex groove. The diagonally groove runs up to the back heel. Last, the thick red Phylon midsole solidifies the lower half. Styled with indents on the lateral, the midsole has the signature Max Air bubble on the heel.
In line with the solid foundation, is the stiff and rigid upper. Beginning with the patent leather base material, the stitched asymmetrical toe cap is wraps around the front. Cutting diagonally from the medial side, the bulk of the patent leather covers the big toe. On this large piece, perforation holes are punctured into the patent leather. The toe cap finishes off on the lateral side, nearly reaching the midfoot. Forming a base on the medial side, the shiny patent leather is stitched from the midsole, and extends up to the collar. At the rear, another patent leather piece forms the heel counter. Starting on the medial, this piece extends to the lateral side, coming close to the midfoot. A circular rubber jumpman logo is placed on this heel piece, clearly visible from a side view. Finally, the eyestay from the collar down is covered in the red patent leather. Adding some flexility to the shoe is the synthetic areas of the upper. Making up the majority of the shoe, the textured synthetic material covers the sides as well as the tongue. On the sides, the most interesting aspect of the shoe is present – the plastic web like overlay. Providing reinforcement, each strand of the overlay connects to a lace hoop, blending in nicely with the overall design of the shoe.
At the rear, the simple heel counter is made up of patent leather. With a sharp diagonal cut, the white inner lining comes through on the heel. The textured white synthetic material compliments the textured red synthetic on the sides. Moving to the inside, the lining covers the minimally padded collar, covering the heel and Achilles area, extending around the ankles. Protection for the Achilles comes in the form of a padded dog bone shaped lobe on the back end. The padded lobe acts not only as a support feature, but helps with heel lock down.
Round braided laces comes standard with the F TXT. Matching the textured synthetic, the laces are a perfect match for the aesthetics of the shoe. The laces run through patent leather lace hoops, which are reinforced with the plastic overlay strands. For the sufficiently padded tongue, a combination of patent leather and textured synthetic is present. On the top of the tongue, the patent leather patch contains a dual lace holder (the laces can be tucked under the jumpman logo piece after they are tied) and a white jumpman logo. The tongue is lined with the white synthetic that makes up the collar lining to provide a consistent feel. To finish off the shoe, a thin red insole is placed inside, where a final jumpman logo is printed on the heel.
There is plenty of room to get the foot into the F TXT. Easy to tighten, the fit is true to size. Around the foot, the synthetic and patent leather combination is not too loose or too tight, giving the foot functional room to wiggle. For the ankles, security and protection is at a maximum. The collar feels higher than it looks, and once locked in, the ankles are held as though they were taped. Because of this, it is no surprise that heel lock down is excellent. Providing comfort and support, the padded Achilles lobe holds on the inside, and on the outside, the patent leather serves as a stuff shield. Not made with extreme comfort in mind, the footbed is hard out of the box. The Max Air and Podulon® have little give when pressed on softly. To offset the hard feel, the outsole is designed so that the foot is not placed square on the playing surface (more on this in the Performance section). In the end, the fit can be described as secure and rigid.
The configuration of the outsole brings a raised feeling in the static position. It feels as though only the heel and forefoot are flush on the court. This cleat like feel is a result of the uneven surface caused by the raised sections on the forefoot and the inward slope at the midfoot. Combine this with the hard cushioning bed, and some might be turned off. Nonetheless, because of the stiff and rigid construction, the F TXT requires a break in period. Once broken in, it becomes apparent that a hard and aggressive style of play is required to get the most out of the shoe. With this, running and transitions are best performed at an explosive pace, as the cushioning must be pushed hard to get the outsole flush on the court. For quick players, jab steps, abrupt stops and step backs are ideal. And one positive of the stiff cushioning is the exceptional responsiveness of the shoe. Those who play on their toes will find an advantage with hollow feel given by the Podulon® cushioning. With the weight placed on the forefoot, the player can spring into action. Rising up quickly for a jump shot, or getting around your opponent after an up fake, the responsiveness is a plus. Moving on, the cushioning set up provides excellent impact support upon landing. While being handled by the Podulon® or the Max Air in the heel, the set up is perfect for any type of landing. Drawbacks in performance include weight and discomfort with the tongue. For quicker players, the overall weight, especially around the collar and rear areas, may slow down quick cuts and lateral offensive moves. Furthermore, with the tongue holding stiff and high, there is occasionally rubbing when bending low.
As the shoe performs naturally for aggressive players, a bright aspect is observed with the overall stability. Even without stepping on to the court, the tight and rigid construction of the shoe give as very secure feel. Larger players can benefit from the protective rear end of the shoe, with exceptional support and protection around the ankles. Couple this with the the Max Air cushioning and post players are well equipped. For fast paced action, the synthetic material and plastic overlay rarely gets to the point of failure. Stopping quickly and planting the foot to change directions, the foot stays in place without slippage.
Traction is excellent with the uneven court coverage of the outsole. In this instance, the traction is sticky and responsive. Covered earlier, the performance of the shoe shines when the cushioning is pushed hard. This is also the case with traction. With pressure placed on the shoe, the outsole comes closer to the court, where the herringbone pattern provides the sticky grip. For dirty surface, the advantage with the uneven outsole is that it picks up very little dirt and dust, which helps to explain the excellent traction. Next, ventilation for the shoe is not a problem. An eye opener, the combination of materials on the upper combined with the enclosed tight construction do little to hinder ventilation performance. As punctures are present in the patent leather toe cap, hot air is able to vent. The foot does not carry too much heat, which is surprising, considering the lack of ventilation holes.
The introduction of the "Play In These" to the Jordan Brand line up is both exciting and interesting. As the brand has great pride in pushing the technological limits of a basketball shoe, the addition of new models is always welcome. The inclusion of the Podulon® cushioning in the F TXT gives another option, besides the CP3 line, for players to try out and experience the technology. Combine this with a style that takes design cues from past releases and you have a shoe that will attract many fans of the Jordan Brand. Fit for an aggressive and explosive style of play, the Jordan Play In These F TXT can be purchased online at the Official Nikestore.
Print article This entry was posted by Mishra on April 15, 2011 at 9:00 pm, and is filed under Reviews. Follow any responses to this post through RSS 2.0. You can leave a response or trackback from your own site.
8) Being a bit of a maniac, I knew I liked these the moment I saw 'em, excellent reviewing again guys, you guys just get into every layer of the shoe, not just skim it, which is perfect, real ballers should review shoes, so *double thumbs up*, it really confirmed what I was expecting.
Thanks again for the continued support! The F TXT is interesting to say the least. Very well made and it was nice to see how the PODULON worked in a non-CP3 shoe. It is a shame that the PODULON technology is not used in more of their models, because, from our perspective, PODULON is more responsive than Zoom Air (compared without the context of a particular shoe).
I'm with you there, hoping this will trigger the use of PODULON in some more designs.
Again, GREAT reviews. The information you include and all the details are reminding me of Prof K's reviews and that is an A+ for me. Keep up the good work!
Thanks for the comments, and we hope you keep checking out our future spotlights and reviews! The Podulon technology is great. Hopefully Nike incorporates it into more of their shoes, even though it may not be ideal for casual use.
man, these shoes are dope! can't tell how well they perform just by looking at em. im a 5′ 9″ and after reading your review, i do think this shoe is suitable for me. cant wait to test how responsive the podulon is (im kinda bored with zoom air anyway) lol.
Thanks again for visiting our site and the comments! One thing to remember, the cushioning and comfort of the Zoom Air and Podulon are night and day. These shoes were not made with casual comfort in mind.
Thanks foe visiting our site! The shoes weigh about 15-16 oz.


text:
Q: Let $f=u+iv$ be an entire function. Jacobian symmetric for all $a\in \mathbb C$. Then Let $f=u+iv$ be an entire function. If the Jacobian
$$J_a=\Bigg[ \begin{matrix} u_x(a) & u_y(a) \\ v_x(a) & v_y(a) \end{matrix}  \Bigg]$$ symmetric for all $a\in \mathbb C,$ then
(A) $f$ is a polynomial
(B) $f$ is a polynomial of degree $\leq 1$
(C) $f$ is necessarily a constant function
(D)$f$ is a polynomial of degree $> 1$
My Try
If the Jacobian
$$J_a=\Bigg[ \begin{matrix} u_x(a) & u_y(a) \\ v_x(a) & v_y(a) \end{matrix}  \Bigg]$$ symmetric for all $a\in \mathbb C,$ then $u_y=v_x$. So, by Cauchy-Riemann equation $v_x=-u_y$. So, $2v_x=0$. $\mathbb C$ is connected. So, $v_x=0$
$v= g(y)$. By cauchy Riemann equation, $u_y=0 \implies u=h(x)$ Hence, $f(x,y)=g(y)+ih(x)$
Applying Cauchy Rieman equation $u_y=-v_x\implies g'(y)=-h'(x).$ I am not able to conclude from this. Can you please help me?

A: $g'(y)=-h'(x)$ for all real numbers  $x$ and $y$ implies that there is a constant $c$ such that $g'(y)=-h'(x)=c$ for all $x$ and $y$. [This is because LHS does not depend on $x$ and RHS does not depend on $y$].  Hence $g(y)=cy+d$ and $h(x)=-cx+e$ fo some constants $d$ and $e$. Finally $f(x+iy)=cy+d+i(-cx+e)$. Can you complete the answer now?
The answer is B).


text:
Commercial and other vehicles
Fuel sources
BAIC Group
FAW Group
Great Wall Motor Co
Groupe PSA
Hyundai Motor Group
Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi
NAFTA, Brexit and beyond
Emission limits
New competitors emerge
A taste for luxury
Electric cars recharge
Malaysia automotive
Perodua lowers sales forecast for 2017
February 14th 2017 | Malaysia | Passenger vehicles | Multiple companies
On January 17th Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sendirian Berhad (Perodua), a Malaysian carmaker, lowered its 2017 sales forecast to 202,000 vehicles as its 2016 sales declined. The automaker, which is 25% owned by Toyota subsidiary Daihatsu, said that it sold more than 207,100 vehicles in 2016, 3% lower than a year-earlier. The automaker now accounts for a nearly 36% stake in the Malaysian automobile market.
However, the company missed its 2016 sales target of 216,000 vehicles. Perodua is one of Malaysia's biggest automakers along with Proton, another local carmaker. The automaker said its Bezza sedan, launched in July 2016, sold over 36,000 units in the year, becoming the top-selling model in the compact sedan 'A' segment.
Perodua's president and chief executive, Datuk Aminar, said that the company was aiming to increase revenue in 2017 by increasing investment in its after sale business.
In 2016, Malaysia's automotive sector performed poorly. Vehicle sales and production fell by 13% and 11% respectively, according to the Malaysian Automotive Association, a local trade group. Declines were noted across the board, with registrations of passenger cars down by 14%, multi-purpose vehicles by 21% and van sales by nearly 40%.
The Economist Intelligence Unit expects Malaysian automakers to be adversely affected by a progress towards reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers within ASEAN, which may increase competition in the local market. Passenger-car sales are expected to recover slowly, climbing by just 3% a year on average in 2017–21.
Automotive sector faces a rocky road
Faltering Proton gets government bail-out
Malaysia/Japan cars: Daihatsu to set up 2nd auto plant in Malaysia


text:
package scalar

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"math/bits"
	"reflect"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v11/arrow"
	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v11/arrow/array"
	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v11/arrow/decimal128"
	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v11/arrow/decimal256"
	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v11/arrow/float16"
	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v11/arrow/memory"
)

type TypeToScalar interface {
	ToScalar() (Scalar, error)
}

type TypeFromScalar interface {
	FromStructScalar(*Struct) error
}

type hasTypename interface {
	TypeName() string
}

var (
	hasTypenameType = reflect.TypeOf((*hasTypename)(nil)).Elem()
	dataTypeType    = reflect.TypeOf((*arrow.DataType)(nil)).Elem()
)

func FromScalar(sc *Struct, val interface{}) error {
	if sc == nil || len(sc.Value) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	if v, ok := val.(TypeFromScalar); ok {
		return v.FromStructScalar(sc)
	}

	v := reflect.ValueOf(val)
	if v.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
		return errors.New("fromscalar must be given a pointer to an object to populate")
	}
	value := reflect.Indirect(v)

	for i := 0; i < value.Type().NumField(); i++ {
		fld := value.Type().Field(i)
		tag := fld.Tag.Get("compute")
		if tag == "-" || fld.Name == "_type_name" {
			continue
		}

		fldVal, err := sc.Field(tag)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := setFromScalar(fldVal, value.Field(i)); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func setFromScalar(s Scalar, v reflect.Value) error {
	if v.Type() == dataTypeType {
		v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(s.DataType()))
		return nil
	}

	switch s := s.(type) {
	case BinaryScalar:
		value := s.value().(*memory.Buffer)
		switch v.Kind() {
		case reflect.String:
			if value == nil {
				v.SetString("")
			} else {
				v.SetString(string(value.Bytes()))
			}
		default:
			if value == nil {
				v.SetBytes(nil)
			} else {
				v.SetBytes(value.Bytes())
			}
		}
	case ListScalar:
		return fromListScalar(s, v)
	case *Struct:
		return FromScalar(s, v.Interface())
	default:
		if v.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(arrow.TimeUnit(0)) {
			v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(arrow.TimeUnit(s.value().(uint32))))
		} else {
			v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(s.value()))
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func ToScalar(val interface{}, mem memory.Allocator) (Scalar, error) {
	switch v := val.(type) {
	case arrow.DataType:
		return MakeScalar(v), nil
	case TypeToScalar:
		return v.ToScalar()
	}

	v := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(val))
	switch v.Kind() {
	case reflect.Struct:
		scalars := make([]Scalar, 0, v.Type().NumField())
		fields := make([]string, 0, v.Type().NumField())
		for i := 0; i < v.Type().NumField(); i++ {
			fld := v.Type().Field(i)
			tag := fld.Tag.Get("compute")
			if tag == "-" {
				continue
			}

			fldVal := v.Field(i)
			s, err := ToScalar(fldVal.Interface(), mem)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			scalars = append(scalars, s)
			fields = append(fields, tag)
		}

		if v.Type().Implements(hasTypenameType) {
			t := val.(hasTypename)
			scalars = append(scalars, NewBinaryScalar(memory.NewBufferBytes([]byte(t.TypeName())), arrow.BinaryTypes.Binary))
			fields = append(fields, "_type_name")
		}

		return NewStructScalarWithNames(scalars, fields)
	case reflect.Slice:
		return createListScalar(v, mem)
	default:
		return MakeScalar(val), nil
	}
}

func createListScalar(sliceval reflect.Value, mem memory.Allocator) (Scalar, error) {
	if sliceval.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("createListScalar only works for slices, not %s", sliceval.Kind())
	}

	var arr arrow.Array

	switch sliceval.Type().Elem().Kind() {
	case reflect.String:
		bldr := array.NewStringBuilder(mem)
		defer bldr.Release()
		bldr.AppendValues(sliceval.Interface().([]string), nil)
		arr = bldr.NewArray()
	case reflect.Bool:
		bldr := array.NewBooleanBuilder(mem)
		defer bldr.Release()
		bldr.AppendValues(sliceval.Interface().([]bool), nil)
		arr = bldr.NewArray()
	case reflect.Int8:
		bldr := array.NewInt8Builder(mem)
		defer bldr.Release()
		bldr.AppendValues(sliceval.Interface().([]int8), nil)
		arr = bldr.NewArray()
	case reflect.Uint8:
		bldr := array.NewUint8Builder(mem)
		defer bldr.Release()
		bldr.AppendValues(sliceval.Interface().([]uint8), nil)
		arr = bldr.NewArray()
	case reflect.Int16:
		bldr := array.NewInt16Builder(mem)
		defer bldr.Release()
		bldr.AppendValues(sliceval.Interface().([]int16), nil)
		arr = bldr.NewArray()
	case reflect.Uint16:
		bldr := array.NewUint16Builder(mem)
		defer bldr.Release()
		bldr.AppendValues(sliceval.Interface().([]uint16), nil)
		arr = bldr.NewArray()
	case reflect.Int32:
		bldr := array.NewInt32Builder(mem)
		defer bldr.Release()
		bldr.AppendValues(sliceval.Interface().([]int32), nil)
		arr = bldr.NewArray()
	case reflect.Uint32:
		bldr := array.NewUint32Builder(mem)
		defer bldr.Release()
		bldr.AppendValues(sliceval.Interface().([]uint32), nil)
		arr = bldr.NewArray()
	case reflect.Int64:
		bldr := array.NewInt64Builder(mem)
		defer bldr.Release()
		bldr.AppendValues(sliceval.Interface().([]int64), nil)
		arr = bldr.NewArray()
	case reflect.Uint64:
		bldr := array.NewUint64Builder(mem)
		defer bldr.Release()
		bldr.AppendValues(sliceval.Interface().([]uint64), nil)
		arr = bldr.NewArray()
	case reflect.Int:
		if bits.UintSize == 32 {
			bldr := array.NewInt32Builder(mem)
			defer bldr.Release()
			for _, v := range sliceval.Interface().([]int) {
				bldr.Append(int32(v))
			}
			arr = bldr.NewArray()
			break
		}
		bldr := array.NewInt64Builder(mem)
		defer bldr.Release()
		for _, v := range sliceval.Interface().([]int) {
			bldr.Append(int64(v))
		}
		arr = bldr.NewArray()
	case reflect.Uint:
		if bits.UintSize == 32 {
			bldr := array.NewUint32Builder(mem)
			defer bldr.Release()
			for _, v := range sliceval.Interface().([]uint) {
				bldr.Append(uint32(v))
			}
			arr = bldr.NewArray()
			break
		}
		bldr := array.NewUint64Builder(mem)
		defer bldr.Release()
		for _, v := range sliceval.Interface().([]uint) {
			bldr.Append(uint64(v))
		}
		arr = bldr.NewArray()
	case reflect.Ptr:
		meta, ok := sliceval.Interface().([]*arrow.Metadata)
		if !ok {
			break
		}

		bldr := array.NewMapBuilder(mem, arrow.BinaryTypes.Binary, arrow.BinaryTypes.Binary, false)
		defer bldr.Release()

		kbldr := bldr.KeyBuilder().(*array.BinaryBuilder)
		ibldr := bldr.ItemBuilder().(*array.BinaryBuilder)
		for _, md := range meta {
			bldr.Append(true)
			if md != nil {
				kbldr.AppendStringValues(md.Keys(), nil)
				ibldr.AppendStringValues(md.Values(), nil)
			}
		}

		arr := bldr.NewMapArray()
		defer arr.Release()

		return NewListScalar(arr), nil
	}

	if arr == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("createListScalar not implemented for %s", sliceval.Type())
	}

	defer arr.Release()
	return MakeScalarParam(arr, arrow.ListOf(arr.DataType()))
}

func fromListScalar(s ListScalar, v reflect.Value) error {
	if v.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not populate field from list scalar, incompatible types: %s is not a slice", v.Type().String())
	}

	arr := s.GetList()
	v.Set(reflect.MakeSlice(v.Type(), arr.Len(), arr.Len()))
	switch arr := arr.(type) {
	case *array.Boolean:
		for i := 0; i < arr.Len(); i++ {
			v.Index(i).SetBool(arr.Value(i))
		}
	case *array.Int8:
		reflect.Copy(v, reflect.ValueOf(arr.Int8Values()))
	case *array.Uint8:
		reflect.Copy(v, reflect.ValueOf(arr.Uint8Values()))
	case *array.Int16:
		reflect.Copy(v, reflect.ValueOf(arr.Int16Values()))
	case *array.Uint16:
		reflect.Copy(v, reflect.ValueOf(arr.Uint16Values()))
	case *array.Int32:
		reflect.Copy(v, reflect.ValueOf(arr.Int32Values()))
	case *array.Uint32:
		reflect.Copy(v, reflect.ValueOf(arr.Uint32Values()))
	case *array.Int64:
		reflect.Copy(v, reflect.ValueOf(arr.Int64Values()))
	case *array.Uint64:
		reflect.Copy(v, reflect.ValueOf(arr.Uint64Values()))
	case *array.Float32:
		reflect.Copy(v, reflect.ValueOf(arr.Float32Values()))
	case *array.Float64:
		reflect.Copy(v, reflect.ValueOf(arr.Float64Values()))
	case *array.Binary:
		for i := 0; i < arr.Len(); i++ {
			v.Index(i).SetString(arr.ValueString(i))
		}
	case *array.String:
		for i := 0; i < arr.Len(); i++ {
			v.Index(i).SetString(arr.Value(i))
		}
	case *array.Map:
		// only implementing slice of metadata for now
		if v.Type().Elem() != reflect.PtrTo(reflect.TypeOf(arrow.Metadata{})) {
			return fmt.Errorf("unimplemented fromListScalar type %s to %s", arr.DataType(), v.Type().String())
		}

		var (
			offsets    = arr.Offsets()
			keys       = arr.Keys().(*array.Binary)
			values     = arr.Items().(*array.Binary)
			metaKeys   []string
			metaValues []string
		)

		for i, o := range offsets[:len(offsets)-1] {
			start := o
			end := offsets[i+1]

			metaKeys = make([]string, end-start)
			metaValues = make([]string, end-start)
			for j := start; j < end; j++ {
				metaKeys = append(metaKeys, keys.ValueString(int(j)))
				metaValues = append(metaValues, values.ValueString(int(j)))
			}

			m := arrow.NewMetadata(metaKeys, metaValues)
			v.Index(i).Set(reflect.ValueOf(&m))
		}

	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("unimplemented fromListScalar type: %s", arr.DataType())
	}

	return nil
}

// MakeScalarParam is for converting a value to a scalar when it requires a
// parameterized data type such as a time type that needs units, or a fixed
// size list which needs it's size.
//
// Will fall back to MakeScalar without the passed in type if not one of the
// parameterized types.
func MakeScalarParam(val interface{}, dt arrow.DataType) (Scalar, error) {
	switch v := val.(type) {
	case []byte:
		buf := memory.NewBufferBytes(v)
		defer buf.Release()

		switch dt.ID() {
		case arrow.BINARY:
			return NewBinaryScalar(buf, dt), nil
		case arrow.LARGE_BINARY:
			return NewLargeBinaryScalar(buf), nil
		case arrow.STRING:
			return NewStringScalarFromBuffer(buf), nil
		case arrow.LARGE_STRING:
			return NewLargeStringScalarFromBuffer(buf), nil
		case arrow.FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
			if buf.Len() == dt.(*arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType).ByteWidth {
				return NewFixedSizeBinaryScalar(buf, dt), nil
			}
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid scalar value of len %d for type %s", v, dt)
		}
	case *memory.Buffer:
		switch dt.ID() {
		case arrow.BINARY:
			return NewBinaryScalar(v, dt), nil
		case arrow.LARGE_BINARY:
			return NewLargeBinaryScalar(v), nil
		case arrow.STRING:
			return NewStringScalarFromBuffer(v), nil
		case arrow.LARGE_STRING:
			return NewLargeStringScalarFromBuffer(v), nil
		case arrow.FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
			if v.Len() == dt.(*arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType).ByteWidth {
				return NewFixedSizeBinaryScalar(v, dt), nil
			}
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid scalar value of len %d for type %s", v.Len(), dt)
		}
	case string:
		switch {
		case arrow.IsBaseBinary(dt.ID()):
			buf := memory.NewBufferBytes([]byte(v))
			defer buf.Release()

			switch dt.ID() {
			case arrow.BINARY:
				return NewBinaryScalar(buf, dt), nil
			case arrow.LARGE_BINARY:
				return NewLargeBinaryScalar(buf), nil
			case arrow.STRING:
				return NewStringScalar(v), nil
			case arrow.LARGE_STRING:
				return NewLargeStringScalar(v), nil
			}
		case arrow.IsInteger(dt.ID()):
			bits := dt.(arrow.FixedWidthDataType).BitWidth()
			if arrow.IsUnsignedInteger(dt.ID()) {
				val, err := strconv.ParseUint(v, 0, bits)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, err
				}
				return MakeUnsignedIntegerScalar(val, bits)
			}
			val, err := strconv.ParseInt(v, 0, bits)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			return MakeIntegerScalar(val, bits)
		case arrow.IsFixedSizeBinary(dt.ID()):
			switch dt.ID() {
			case arrow.FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
				ty := dt.(*arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType)
				if len(v) != ty.ByteWidth {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: invalid length for fixed size binary scalar", arrow.ErrInvalid)
				}
				return NewFixedSizeBinaryScalar(memory.NewBufferBytes([]byte(v)), ty), nil
			case arrow.DECIMAL128:
				ty := dt.(*arrow.Decimal128Type)
				n, err := decimal128.FromString(v, ty.Precision, ty.Scale)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, err
				}
				return NewDecimal128Scalar(n, ty), nil
			case arrow.DECIMAL256:
				ty := dt.(*arrow.Decimal256Type)
				n, err := decimal256.FromString(v, ty.Precision, ty.Scale)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, err
				}
				return NewDecimal256Scalar(n, ty), nil
			}
		case arrow.IsFloating(dt.ID()):
			bits := dt.(arrow.FixedWidthDataType).BitWidth()
			val, err := strconv.ParseFloat(v, bits)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			if bits == 32 {
				return NewFloat32Scalar(float32(val)), nil
			}
			return NewFloat64Scalar(val), nil
		case dt.ID() == arrow.TIMESTAMP:
			ty := dt.(*arrow.TimestampType)
			if ty.TimeZone == "" || strings.ToLower(ty.TimeZone) == "utc" {
				ts, err := arrow.TimestampFromString(v, ty.Unit)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, err
				}
				return NewTimestampScalar(ts, dt), nil
			}
			loc, err := time.LoadLocation(ty.TimeZone)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			ts, _, err := arrow.TimestampFromStringInLocation(v, ty.Unit, loc)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			return NewTimestampScalar(ts, ty), nil
		}
	case arrow.Time32:
		return NewTime32Scalar(v, dt), nil
	case arrow.Time64:
		return NewTime64Scalar(v, dt), nil
	case arrow.Timestamp:
		return NewTimestampScalar(v, dt), nil
	case arrow.Array:
		switch dt.ID() {
		case arrow.LIST:
			if !arrow.TypeEqual(v.DataType(), dt.(*arrow.ListType).Elem()) {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("inconsistent type for list scalar array and data type")
			}
			return NewListScalar(v), nil
		case arrow.LARGE_LIST:
			if !arrow.TypeEqual(v.DataType(), dt.(*arrow.LargeListType).Elem()) {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("inconsistent type for large list scalar array and data type")
			}
			return NewLargeListScalar(v), nil
		case arrow.FIXED_SIZE_LIST:
			if !arrow.TypeEqual(v.DataType(), dt.(*arrow.FixedSizeListType).Elem()) {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("inconsistent type for list scalar array and data type")
			}
			return NewFixedSizeListScalarWithType(v, dt), nil
		case arrow.MAP:
			if !arrow.TypeEqual(dt.(*arrow.MapType).ValueType(), v.DataType()) {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("inconsistent type for map scalar type")
			}
			return NewMapScalar(v), nil
		}
	case decimal128.Num:
		if _, ok := dt.(*arrow.Decimal128Type); !ok {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mismatch cannot create decimal128 scalar with incorrect data type")
		}

		return NewDecimal128Scalar(v, dt), nil
	case decimal256.Num:
		if _, ok := dt.(*arrow.Decimal256Type); !ok {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mismatch cannot create decimal256 scalar with incorrect data type")
		}

		return NewDecimal256Scalar(v, dt), nil

	}

	if arrow.IsInteger(dt.ID()) {
		bits := dt.(arrow.FixedWidthDataType).BitWidth()
		val := reflect.ValueOf(val)
		if arrow.IsUnsignedInteger(dt.ID()) {
			return MakeUnsignedIntegerScalar(val.Convert(reflect.TypeOf(uint64(0))).Uint(), bits)
		}
		return MakeIntegerScalar(val.Convert(reflect.TypeOf(int64(0))).Int(), bits)
	}

	if dt.ID() == arrow.DICTIONARY {
		return MakeScalarParam(val, dt.(*arrow.DictionaryType).ValueType)
	}
	return MakeScalar(val), nil
}

// MakeScalar creates a scalar of the passed in type via reflection.
func MakeScalar(val interface{}) Scalar {
	switch v := val.(type) {
	case nil:
		return ScalarNull
	case bool:
		return NewBooleanScalar(v)
	case int8:
		return NewInt8Scalar(v)
	case uint8:
		return NewUint8Scalar(v)
	case int16:
		return NewInt16Scalar(v)
	case uint16:
		return NewUint16Scalar(v)
	case int32:
		return NewInt32Scalar(v)
	case uint32:
		return NewUint32Scalar(v)
	case int64:
		return NewInt64Scalar(v)
	case uint64:
		return NewUint64Scalar(v)
	case int:
		// determine size of an int on this system
		switch bits.UintSize {
		case 32:
			return NewInt32Scalar(int32(v))
		case 64:
			return NewInt64Scalar(int64(v))
		}
	case uint:
		// determine size of an int on this system
		switch bits.UintSize {
		case 32:
			return NewUint32Scalar(uint32(v))
		case 64:
			return NewUint64Scalar(uint64(v))
		}
	case []byte:
		buf := memory.NewBufferBytes(v)
		defer buf.Release()
		return NewBinaryScalar(buf, arrow.BinaryTypes.Binary)
	case string:
		return NewStringScalar(v)
	case arrow.Date32:
		return NewDate32Scalar(v)
	case arrow.Date64:
		return NewDate64Scalar(v)
	case float16.Num:
		return NewFloat16Scalar(v)
	case float32:
		return NewFloat32Scalar(v)
	case float64:
		return NewFloat64Scalar(v)
	case arrow.MonthInterval:
		return NewMonthIntervalScalar(v)
	case arrow.DayTimeInterval:
		return NewDayTimeIntervalScalar(v)
	case arrow.MonthDayNanoInterval:
		return NewMonthDayNanoIntervalScalar(v)
	case arrow.DataType:
		return MakeNullScalar(v)
	default:
		testval := reflect.ValueOf(v)
		if testval.Type().ConvertibleTo(reflect.TypeOf(uint32(0))) {
			return NewUint32Scalar(uint32(testval.Convert(reflect.TypeOf(uint32(0))).Uint()))
		}
	}

	panic(fmt.Errorf("makescalar not implemented for type value %#v", val))
}

// MakeIntegerScalar is a helper function for creating an integer scalar of a
// given bitsize.
func MakeIntegerScalar(v int64, bitsize int) (Scalar, error) {
	switch bitsize {
	case 8:
		return NewInt8Scalar(int8(v)), nil
	case 16:
		return NewInt16Scalar(int16(v)), nil
	case 32:
		return NewInt32Scalar(int32(v)), nil
	case 64:
		return NewInt64Scalar(int64(v)), nil
	}
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid bitsize for integer scalar: %d", bitsize)
}

// MakeUnsignedIntegerScalar is a helper function for creating an unsigned int
// scalar of the specified bit width.
func MakeUnsignedIntegerScalar(v uint64, bitsize int) (Scalar, error) {
	switch bitsize {
	case 8:
		return NewUint8Scalar(uint8(v)), nil
	case 16:
		return NewUint16Scalar(uint16(v)), nil
	case 32:
		return NewUint32Scalar(uint32(v)), nil
	case 64:
		return NewUint64Scalar(uint64(v)), nil
	}
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid bitsize for uint scalar: %d", bitsize)
}

// ParseScalar parses a string to create a scalar of the passed in type. Currently
// does not support any nested types such as Structs or Lists.
func ParseScalar(dt arrow.DataType, val string) (Scalar, error) {
	switch dt.ID() {
	case arrow.STRING:
		return NewStringScalar(val), nil
	case arrow.BINARY:
		buf := memory.NewBufferBytes([]byte(val))
		defer buf.Release()
		return NewBinaryScalar(buf, dt), nil
	case arrow.FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
		if len(val) != dt.(*arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType).ByteWidth {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid value %s for scalar of type %s", val, dt)
		}
		buf := memory.NewBufferBytes([]byte(val))
		defer buf.Release()
		return NewFixedSizeBinaryScalar(buf, dt), nil
	case arrow.BOOL:
		val, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return NewBooleanScalar(val), nil
	case arrow.INT8, arrow.INT16, arrow.INT32, arrow.INT64:
		width := dt.(arrow.FixedWidthDataType).BitWidth()
		val, err := strconv.ParseInt(val, 0, width)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return MakeIntegerScalar(val, width)
	case arrow.UINT8, arrow.UINT16, arrow.UINT32, arrow.UINT64:
		width := dt.(arrow.FixedWidthDataType).BitWidth()
		val, err := strconv.ParseUint(val, 0, width)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return MakeUnsignedIntegerScalar(val, width)
	case arrow.FLOAT16:
		val, err := strconv.ParseFloat(val, 32)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return NewFloat16ScalarFromFloat32(float32(val)), nil
	case arrow.FLOAT32, arrow.FLOAT64:
		width := dt.(arrow.FixedWidthDataType).BitWidth()
		val, err := strconv.ParseFloat(val, width)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		switch width {
		case 32:
			return NewFloat32Scalar(float32(val)), nil
		case 64:
			return NewFloat64Scalar(float64(val)), nil
		}
	case arrow.TIMESTAMP:
		value, err := arrow.TimestampFromString(val, dt.(*arrow.TimestampType).Unit)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return NewTimestampScalar(value, dt), nil
	case arrow.DURATION:
		value, err := time.ParseDuration(val)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		unit := dt.(*arrow.DurationType).Unit
		var out arrow.Duration
		switch unit {
		case arrow.Nanosecond:
			out = arrow.Duration(value.Nanoseconds())
		case arrow.Microsecond:
			out = arrow.Duration(value.Microseconds())
		case arrow.Millisecond:
			out = arrow.Duration(value.Milliseconds())
		case arrow.Second:
			out = arrow.Duration(value.Seconds())
		}
		return NewDurationScalar(out, dt), nil
	case arrow.DATE32, arrow.DATE64:
		out, err := time.ParseInLocation("2006-01-02", val, time.UTC)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if dt.ID() == arrow.DATE32 {
			return NewDate32Scalar(arrow.Date32FromTime(out)), nil
		} else {
			return NewDate64Scalar(arrow.Date64FromTime(out)), nil
		}
	case arrow.TIME32:
		tm, err := arrow.Time32FromString(val, dt.(*arrow.Time32Type).Unit)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		return NewTime32Scalar(tm, dt), nil
	case arrow.TIME64:
		tm, err := arrow.Time64FromString(val, dt.(*arrow.Time64Type).Unit)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		return NewTime64Scalar(tm, dt), nil
	case arrow.DICTIONARY:
		return ParseScalar(dt.(*arrow.DictionaryType).ValueType, val)
	case arrow.DECIMAL128:
		typ := dt.(*arrow.Decimal128Type)
		n, err := decimal128.FromString(val, typ.Precision, typ.Scale)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return NewDecimal128Scalar(n, typ), nil
	case arrow.DECIMAL256:
		typ := dt.(*arrow.Decimal256Type)
		n, err := decimal256.FromString(val, typ.Precision, typ.Scale)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return NewDecimal256Scalar(n, typ), nil
	}

	return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing of scalar for type %s not implemented", dt)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Educational & University Information
By Cristopher Centers 1 year ago
We've spent decades working for students and educators—but, there's nonetheless extra to do. Like our
We've spent decades working for students and educators—but, there's nonetheless extra to do. Like our progress during the civil rights and women's rights movements Education, we want to dig in and communicate up for the students and educators who're still dealing with inequality every day.
What are the 3 types of education?
How Can We Enhance Education?
Educator Analysis
Pupil Reporting In Iowa Sri 2021 Updates Zoom Session
There are three main types of education, namely, Formal, Informal and Non-formal. Each of these types is discussed below.
Research that measures the impression of education insurance policies to enhance education in low and center earnings nations. This site uses cookies to optimize performance and provide the absolute best expertise.
In the us, children dwelling in poverty began faculty up to 18 months behind their peers. Save the Children works in the United States and all over the world to succeed in those Science kids who are lacking out most on studying. Fierce advocates for the excessive tutorial achievement of all college students — significantly these of color or dwelling in poverty.
VA education debt and GI Bill overpayment Get solutions to regularly asked questions about GI Bill overpayments and VA education debt management. Veteran Readiness and Employment (VR&E) See when you qualify for help exploring employment options, any training you might want, and other vocational rehabilitation services. If you have a service-connected incapacity that limits your ability to work or prevents you from working, find out if you can get VR&E benefits and services—like help exploring employment options and getting more training if required. A median of 62% of adults across the 14 international locations surveyed this summer generally believe most people could be trusted. More Americans now say the likelihood that students will fall behind academically with out in-person instruction ought to be given plenty of consideration.
Beginning in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted education methods throughout the world, affecting almost 1.6 billion learners in additional than a hundred ninety countries. Closures of schools and different learning areas have impacted ninety four percent of the world's student inhabitants, as much as ninety nine p.c in low and lower-middle income nations. As of September 30, 2020 there Education & Science were 27 international locations that had localized school closures. In the United States, an estimated 55.1 million college students were forced to stop in-person instruction as of April 10, 2020. A swap to a virtual studying experience is especially challenging for households that can't afford the correct know-how, similar to laptops, printers, or a dependable Internet connection.
The summit may also function the unique launch and analysis of the THE Emerging Economies University Rankings 2022. USAID Education Brochure supplies an overview of USAID's teaching programs. Supporting opportunities for lifelong studying allows countries and societies to organize for and adapt to altering economies and environments. Higher education establishments have the capacity to be central actors in growth. Children and youth acquire literacy, numeracy, and social-emotional skills that are important to future learning. Teacher Assistants Teacher assistants work with a licensed teacher to provide students extra attention and instruction. Middle School Teachers Middle college lecturers educate students, usually in sixth through eighth grades.
Some states, for example, are considering or have already handed legal guidelines that would delay college start times, making them more conducive to kids's sleeping schedules. [newline]Other states have passed legal guidelines requiring recess, guaranteeing that children have access to bodily exercise all through the day. These reforms, along with others, aim to protect kids's physical and psychological health—in addition to making them higher in a position to focus, study, and grow. Children are by nature highly active, and an inability to maneuver throughout the day usually triggers inattention and poor mood—neither of which are conducive to studying. And moving during studying, not simply earlier than or after it, has been shown to be similarly beneficial; youngsters who're allowed to maneuver at school learn higher, analysis reveals, paying more consideration and achieving larger outcomes. The idea that education should be tailor-made to children's completely different "learning styles"—typically categorized as visible, auditory, and kinesthetic—has been round for many years. Grades could be useful instruments in determining which youngsters grasp the material and that are struggling. But despite widespread myths that good grades are necessary to succeed in life, highschool and faculty grades don't necessarily correlate with long-term success.
Read the newest insights from Academic Search, Deloitte, and Huron.
On the Scholastic Aptitude Test , the scores of African-American students climbed 54 points between 1976 and 1994, whereas those of white college students remained secure.
Kindergarten and preschool applications are increasingly specializing in instructing youngsters tutorial expertise like math and studying. But proof means that as a result of kids aren't but cognitively or emotionally equipped to handle most educational material, such early educational training can produce lasting hurt. Some analysis has found that youngsters in such programs do worse over the lengthy term than youngsters who spent preschool and kindergarten taking part in and socializing. Education can shape a person's life, each in the classroom and outdoors of it. A quality education can lay the groundwork for a successful profession, but that is far from its solely objective.
Tags: educational, Information, University
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Producing extended responsibilities continually seemed difficult and extremely captivating in my experience. In case you compose a pretty lengthy 1000 thoughts essay, the principle factor undoubtedly is the composition. Or perhaps the sense from it, if this helps to. Almost all of the college students would prefer to make an define to take care of a suitable structure as well as to state all of the thoughts they need. Yet, in terms of me, while i publish some thing, I have to move my mind off and only start.
The minds you might have inside your thoughts are usually there. In case you are staring at a blank page of papers and are unable to overcome this silence inside your go, you have to keep in mind the voices of thoughts are under no circumstances calm. They may be just way too silent. The thoughts about what suggestions ought to outvoice the genuine thoughts plus they get lost. Creativeness is straightforward and calm, so you should be affected person and take note very carefully with it.
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text:
Prunus laurocerasus Mount Vernon Laurel
Prunus Laurocerasus Mount Vernon foliage
Plant shape: Bush
Hedge Guide: 4 Plants/Mtr
Prunus laurocerasus Mount Vernon Laurel is a low growing, compact shrub of the evergreen type. Its attractive mound shape makes it a wonderful choice across a number of locations where other materials wouldn't do well. It is a dwarf version of Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel. A superb ground cover plant, the Mount Vernon Laurel has glossy, showy leaves which are dark green above and pale green underneath. The horizontal branches keep the plant compact and low growing. In mid to late spring, it sends masses of spikes, which can be up to 13 cm long which form its scented white flowers. The flowers then pollinate into a cherry type fruit, which, for this variety are borne as black berries under the mass of foliage.
The Mount Vernon Cherry Laurel is especially hardy. It will grow to be about 30 cm in height and about 60 cm in spread, so planting distances are typically recommended at about 45 cm between plants. Mount Vernon is an American variety of the shortest Cherry Laurel. Its uses range from borders, to rock gardens, and often as a luxurious looking ground cover. The slight droop to the leaves adds elegance to this specimen when used as a ground cover. Good to know that Prunus laurocerasus Mount Vernon will perform equally well in full sun and shade. One use that is popular is under trees where it can forage for moisture and is happy with the rain falling from the tree above. Even though it is a dwarf version of its parentage, it maintains the leaf size associated with them, often 15 cm in length.
Prunus lauocerasus Mount Vernon's white flowers arise in summer only, but it maintains its medium green foliage throughout the seasons, therefore considered a plant with a year-round interest. Use it as a low growing hedge, foundation, groundcover, on banks and slopes, as an edging in mixed beds, for erosion control, or to provide a structural garden.
The preferred soil environment for the Mount Vernon Laurel includes a need for acidic soils which are rich in humus and drain through fairly well. It does not tolerate droughty conditions, nor extended periods of 'wet feet'. In dry winters, during periods above freezing and soil exposure, it likes to be provided a little water. It likes a soil that can hold water, so clayey environments are acceptable, as long as you have good humus built up in the soil and it drains through well.
Buxus Balls and Globes Aucuba Japonica - Spotted Laurel Prunus Laurocerasus - Cherry Laurel Hydrangea Macrophylla Hobella Pink


49. Rajalakshmy AR, Malathi J, Madhavan HN, Samuel J. Mebiolgel, a thermoreversible polymer as a scaffold for three dimensional culture of Huh7 cell line with improved hepatocyte differentiation marker expression and HCV replication. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2015 Oct-Dec;33(4):554-9.


text:
Bush Warns Democratic Congress Against "Stalemate'"
Iraq war protesters gather during a peace vigil outside Philadelphia City Hall on Tuesday, Jan. 2, 2007 (AFP Photo)
President George W. Bush, in a column to be published Wednesday, said he was ready to work with Democrats on the eve of their takeover of Congress but warned that partisanship could lead to a "stalemate."
Bush wrote in the Wall Street Journal that winning the war in Iraq and making his tax cuts permanent were the top priorities, two issues in which he has butted heads with Democrats.
"Together, we have a chance to serve the American people by solving the complex problems that many don't expect us to tackle, let alone solve, in the partisan environment of today's Washington," Bush wrote.
"To do that, however, we can't play politics as usual," he said in the column appearing one day before lawmakers take their oaths of office. "Democrats will control the House and Senate, and therefore we share the responsibility for what we achieve."
Bush, whose Republican party's electoral defeat on November 7 was widely attributed to the unpopularity of the Iraq war, said he would soon lay out a new strategy to help the Iraqi government gain full control over its affairs.
"Leaders in both parties understand the stakes in this struggle. We now have the opportunity to build a bipartisan consensus to fight and win the war," he wrote.
While reaching out to Democrats, Bush also warned that partisan bickering could lead to political deadlock in the final two years of his presidency.
"If the Congress chooses to pass bills that are simply political statements, they will have chosen stalemate," Bush wrote. "If a different approach is taken, the next two years can be fruitful ones for our nation."
"We can show the American people that Republicans and Democrats can come together to find ways to help make America a more secure, prosperous and hopeful society," he said.
"And we will show our enemies that the open debate they believe is a fatal weakness is the great strength that has allowed democracies to flourish and succeed."


Discussion in 'Off Topic' started by Aduhi, Mar 24, 2017.
In this thread you can say what other strategy games do you play?
For sure i am going to play Mad Games Tycoon as soon as it will be released as a full product.
life is feudal forest village <- This game is basically like Banished, but here you can also control the peasents, in first person.
The common thread here is that all these games start small and build to thousands of units. All have infinite production queuing. All lead to large, complex strategic gameplay and allow very large maps. There is nothing I hate more than small squad RTS on dinky maps with artificial platforms and chokes, where I have to go back to the barracks all the time to queue 5 units and where I need 240 clicks a minute to be just an average competitive player. No names, these silly games (and game publishers) know who they are.
I don't play FPS, never liked it, except the original DOOM was quite fun. I used to like the original Sim City in black and white where I thought I was awesome if I got a city to 500,000 without going broke.
I am planning to develop my own strategy game. Wish me luck for nice game development.


text:
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Home » Defence Today » Front Lines » Russians resort to antiquated but deadly weapon in Ukraine
Russians resort to antiquated but deadly weapon in Ukraine
by Stephen J. Thorne
Fléchettes were used by the United States military in so-called "beehive" munitions during the Korean and Vietnam wars, named for the buzzing sound they made when deployed.
Russian forces invading Ukraine have resorted to a rarely used First World War-era weapon known for its indiscriminate nature, adding to a controversial arsenal that has included cluster munitions, chemical weapons and oxygen-sucking bombs.
Fléchettes are among the smallest weapons on the battlefield.
At three centimetres long, fléchettes are among the smallest weapons on the battlefield—a kind of miniature dart or arrow with fins.
Deployed from a bursting artillery shell high over an enemy formation, they're about as deadly and indiscriminate as they come, raining down on their unsuspecting targets over areas as broad as three football fields.
As they have since they crossed the border into Ukraine on Feb. 24, however, Russian troops have not restricted their targeting to opposing military. They have inflicted widespread infrastructure damage and civilian death throughout their areas of operation.
On Easter weekend, Svitlana Chmut took reporter Alex Horton of The Washington Post on a tour of her yard and neighbourhood in the Ukrainian city of Bucha, where thousands of the now-rusting steel darts landed after the Russian artillery shell that carried them burst overhead in late-March, sending them raining down.
The attack came less than a week before the Russians ended a 19-day reign of terror over Bucha's 37,000 residents, hundreds of whom appear to have been executed in the worst-documented massacre of the war so far.
First World War fléchettes were dropped from aircraft on troops in front-line trenches and open areas. Their use today is frowned upon but not necessarily unlawful.
Their name taken from the French for "little arrow" or "dart," fléchettes were first used in the First World War. They were dropped from aircraft onto infantry formations and could pierce helmets. A 105mm shell can contain 8,000 darts.
In the 1950s, researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore developed the direct injection anti-personnel chemical biological agent, a form of fléchette that was grooved, hollow-pointed, or otherwise milled to carry a chemical or biological warfare agent—initially a nerve agent.
They were intended for use against troops on open ground.
The U.S. biological weapons program also deigned a micro-fléchette to deliver neurotoxins. Other countries developed their own fléchettes and all came up with specialized systems to deliver them, including assault rifles and shotguns.
American troops wielded 12-gauge combat shotguns using fléchette loads during the Vietnam War. Smaller fléchettes were used in "beehive" rounds, specialized artillery shells named for the distinctive whistling buzz made by thousands of fléchettes flying downrange at supersonic speeds.
They were intended for use against troops on open ground. A ballistic shell packed with fléchettes and fired by tanks or howitzers was set off by a fuse, scattering fléchettes in an expanding cone.
The Carl Gustaf 8.4cm recoilless rifle also uses an area defence munition designed as a close-range anti-personnel round, firing 1,100 fléchettes over a wide area. U.S. air force planes used 7cm rockets with fléchette warheads.
While the weapon, some versions of which are known among troops as "meat grinders," is not banned and fléchette capability still exists in many weapons arsenals, it has been rarely used in the last half-century.
Israel is believed to have used fléchettes on Palestinian targets in Gaza, saying in 2014 it "only deploys weapons that have been determined lawful under international law."
In 2008, Israeli fléchettes killed 24-year-old Reuters photographer Fadel Shana and eight Palestinian civilians. Investigators, including a United Nations fact-finding mission, have documented other incidents of their use by Israel.
The UN Human Rights Council noted fléchette shells are not capable of discriminating between targets once the shell explodes.
"They are, therefore, particularly unsuitable for use in urban settings where there is reason to believe civilians may be present," explained its Sept. 25, 2009, report.
Israel said the use of fléchettes is legal and that they "are not prohibited under the Law of Armed Conflict or under specific conventional prohibitions or restrictions."
Chmut said she found the projectiles in her car after a night of intense artillery exchanges.
However, indiscriminate use of any weapon capable of inflicting widespread death and destruction in civilian areas, including fléchettes, could be considered a war crime.
A German fléchette from the First World War. Israel has used the weapon on Palestinian areas.
Imperial War Museum EPH 8061
Chmut said she found the projectiles in her car after a night of intense artillery exchanges. Russian troops had established firebases and parked tanks in yards near Chmut's home. At night, they moved inside, where fléchettes couldn't hurt them.
Ukraine's military has said it doesn't use fléchettes. Neil Gibson, an expert in munitions at the U.K.-based Fenix Insight, told the Post the fléchettes dropped on Bucha probably came from a 122mm 3Sh1 artillery round, one of the few Russian munitions that carry the projectiles.
"Everything around us was burning" over the weeks-long battle for Bucha, said Chmut. "There was no fresh air, and you could not see the sun."
She told the Post enemy troops swarmed her neighborhood, raiding homes for food, electronics and liquor. A sniper perched on a construction crane killed several civilians trying to flee the area.
Investigators have documented hundreds of war-crimes cases since the invasion began. Multiple civilian areas have been devastated by targeted shells and aerial attacks, including hospitals and other infrastructure. Mariupol in southeastern Ukraine has been "wiped off the face of the Earth," said its mayor.
The Russian invaders have used cluster munitions and thermobaric weapons, known as "vacuum bombs." Neither Russia nor Ukraine has signed an international treaty banning cluster bombs, and thermobaric weapons that suck oxygen from the air are not formally outlawed. But investigators believe Russia has used both weapons on civilians, which would be a crime.
U.S. officials say Russia has launched multiple hypersonic missiles, primarily at military targets in Ukraine. The weapons can travel at roughly five times the speed of sound, making them difficult to detect.
"It is possible that the occupiers wanted to use this chemical to strike Kyiv."
Yuriy Bova, mayor of Trostianets in Ukraine's northern Sumy region, said officials discovered traces of deadly sarin and other chemicals after Russian troops withdrew from the nearby village of Bilka.
Sarin is a clear and odourless substance classed as a potentially lethal nerve agent. The U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention consider it among the most toxic and fast-acting of known chemical warfare agents.
"We discovered ampoules," Bova told London's Express newspaper. "The Security Service of Ukraine is currently working on this.
"It is possible that the occupiers wanted to use this chemical to strike Kyiv, Poltava or other cities."
The comments came April 18, days after Ukraine accused Russian military of using chemical weapons against troops in besieged Mariupol.
Matthew Kroenig, director of the Atlantic Council's Scowcroft Strategy Initiative, told The Hill the limited use of banned chemical weapons falls into a possible Russian playbook of testing the level of the international response.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has not ruled out the use of nuclear weapons.
"It might be what's sometimes referred to as 'salami slicing' by Putin," said Kroenig. "Try a little bit and see what the response is, if there's no major response, do a little bit more, no major response, to a little bit more—trying to see how much he can get away with."
As of April 19, the United Nations human rights office had verified 2,224 civilian deaths and another 2,897 wounded in Ukraine since the war started. It specified that the real numbers could be higher.
Redefining 'combat'
The Russian Bear Looks North
Watching Syria die
Budget does little to improve veterans benefits
Stephen J. Thorne
An award-winning journalist, editor and photographer. He has reported on the downfall of South African apartheid and from war fronts in Kosovo and Afghanistan.
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Oyelo, is a mixture of Jazz, Cuban and House music in its most authentic form. The original mix features master percussionist Giovanni Imparato, Ronnie Scott's resident Cuban singer Rene Alvarez and the main man Claudio Passavanti' on Piano. By The Sea Mix & Drum Dub are remixed by Kay Suzuki. Digital version is also available. 7th July 2017 Release.


At the 2018 Honors Convocation, David Lozano BA'09 received the Undergraduate Alumni Achievement Award. Recipients of this award are accomplished in their industry or profession and engaged in their local community.
Lozano is executive artistic director at Cara Mía Theatre in Dallas, writing, directing and producing original bilingual plays for the Latino community. He is also an activist who advocates for funding of culturally specific arts organizations.
When he came to UT Dallas in 2001, it was only to study theater performance under drama professor Fred Curchack. At the time, he had no intention of pursuing a degree, but was cast in a play that Curchack was directing. He was hooked.
It took him longer than most to earn his bachelor's degree in humanities from the School of Arts and Humanities, as he also worked full time at the theater. Trained in physical theater, Lozano prefers to work on collectively created plays that focus on actors' improvisations rather than a script.
"The presence and dynamics of the actor are the starting point," Lozano said.
Besides creating new works, Cara Mía's resident artistic ensemble produces classic plays by nationally acclaimed Latino playwrights. It has produced world premieres of major Mexican-American writers such as Sandra Cisneros, Jimmy Santiago Baca and Cherrie Moraga.
"My experience at UT Dallas has helped me to become a better storyteller through theater, filling out my capacity as an artist," Lozano said.
This article is an excerpt from an article by Robin Russell that originally appeared in the UT Dallas News Center.


Home / Medical News / Could Earlier Menopause Mean Poorer Memory in Senior Years?
WEDNESDAY, April 11, 2018 — Women who are older when they enter menopause may have a slight advantage when it comes to keeping key memory skills as they age, British researchers report.
"For women whose periods cease naturally — not due to surgical or medical intervention — they usually experience menopause between 45 and 55 years of age," explained study author Diana Kuh. She is a professor of life course epidemiology with the MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London.
"We measured thinking skills by the number of words women remembered after being shown a list of 15 words, repeating this test three times," said Kuh. The total maximum score would be 45. "The women took this test four times between ages 43 and 69," she said.
"Some of the women in our sample are having detailed brain scans and cognitive testing to look for early markers of dementia," Kuh noted.
But Fargo concurred with the researchers that it's premature to infer that menopause onset is also a factor in dementia risk.
There's more on memory and aging at U.S. National Institute on Aging.