text:
QualityHealth Home > Diabetes Health Center > "Diabetes Surgery" for Type 2?
"Diabetes Surgery" for Type 2?
By Rosemary Black
A trial underway at New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center is exploring whether surgery may be the best option to treat diabetes in these patients.
Until now, bariatric surgery was recommended only for individuals who are severely or morbidly obese, which means having a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or higher. After surgery, diabetic patients have improved blood sugar levels, a reduced need for medication, and a decreased risk for diabetes-related deaths.
But the new research is looking at individuals whose BMI is as low as 26. (Those whose weight is normal have a BMI between 19 and 25, according to Medical News Today, and overweight individuals have a BMI that ranges from 26 to 29.)
The current research at Weill Cornell, one of the first studies to test surgery as a treatment for Type 2 diabetes, is focusing on 50 type 2 diabetics who will either get surgery (the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) or medical therapy. Both groups will receive counseling on diet, exercise, and lifestyle modification techniques.
Mitchell Roslin, MD, chief of obesity surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, notes that bariatric surgery can improve diabetes-related symptoms in 90 percent of diabetics who are morbidly obese. He says that the improvement is not just due to weight loss that occurs following surgery. "The improvement in insulin sensitivity exceeds what would be predicted by weight loss alone," Roslin says. "So there is probably something about the way we are rearranging the GI tract that improves the diabetes."
"There are some interesting aspects to this study," says Vivek N. Prachand, MD, of the University of Chicago. "It's brought to the forefront how effective this surgery is, and how you can have either remission or significant improvement in diabetes after surgery."
It's known that patients who undergo bariatric surgery and lose a substantial amount of weight usually have a dramatic improvement in their diabetes, says Francesco Rubino, MD, chief of metabolic surgery at Weill Cornell Medical College, who is conducting the research with a team of co-investigators. "We have found that the effect of weight loss on diabetes is not only due to the weight loss but to a complex mechanism that changes the way the gastrointestinal tract signals," he says. "Experimental studies suggest that the surgery could even change the endocrine function of the GI tract."
The current study, Rubino says, "will help us understand the causes behind diabetes and will help us know if the efficacy of surgery is so profound that it is even better than high-level medical treatment."
And, Rubino says, his research may help doctors figure out a better criteria than BMI to help them choose surgical candidates. "BMI does not accurately define the severity of diabetes," he says.
Right now, since insurance companies base whether or not they'll pay for surgery on a patient's BMI, the operation typically is not covered for patients who are just slightly obese. "New criteria could help patients as well as payers," says Rubino.
"It is still taking time for insurance companies to accept the indications of bariatric surgery for the severely obese," Prachand says. "If the surgery proves effective for patients who are just mildly obese, this would be a much bigger group for insurance companies to cover."
"Clinical trial will test whether surgery is the best option for Type 2 diabetes, even for patients who aren't obese." 11 February 2011. Medical NewsToday.com.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/216189.php
4 Ways to Cut the Cost of Diabetes Care
Health Hero Jeanie Seashore Doesn't Let Diabetes Slow Her Down
How a Few Days of Overeating Can Damage Your Body
How to Indulge Without Overdoing It
The Skinny on Green Coffee Bean Extract
Carb Counting and Type 1
Diabetes Health Center
Children's Health & Parenting
| pain management and chronic pain | cholesterol | dementia | ibs | alcohol and drug problems | prostate cancer | hearing loss and deafness | heart health | diabetes | congenital heart defects | emphysema | skin cancer | asthma | diabetes | diet and weight loss |


text:
Palaeogeographic and palaeotectonic evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean Neotethys
A. H.F. Robertson, The University of Edinburgh
P. D. Clift, The University of Edinburgh
P. J. Degnan, The University of Edinburgh
G. Jones, The University of Edinburgh
Integrated basin-scale field and laboratory studies form the basis of detailed discussions of three important areas of the Eastern Mediterranean Neotethys, here termed the Pindos ocean (Greece), the Antalya ocean (SW Turkey) and the Cyprus ocean. These three areas preserve remnants of interconnected Mesozoic small ocean basins, sited along the north margin of Gondwanaland. The most powerful tools available for basin analysis are biostratigraphy, facies trends, tectonic discrimination of basalts and structural evidence of emplacement directions. It is shown that, despite some important differences in the timing of events, individual oceanic basins went through essentially predictable stages, including rifting, spreading, subduction/accretion, displacement/emplacement and collision. An idealised model of small ocean basin evolution can, thus be envisaged. However, in detail, individual areas show considerable palaeogeographic variety, particularly in the size, distribution and shape of carbonate platforms, margins and seamounts and no one area exemplifies Neoethyan evolution as a whole. Rifting in each of the three areas took place in Late Permian? to Mid Triassic time, followed by continental break-up in the Late Triassic. The Pindos ocean developed into a significantly wide small ocean basin (ca. 1000 km) by the Early Jurassic, while the Antalya ocean remained narrower (less than 500 km). The rifted continental fragments subsided and were capped by carbonate platforms that were fringed by slope and deep-water basinal sediments. Intra-oceanic carbonate platforms were present in both the Pindos and Antalya oceans. Ophiolites formed above an inferred west-dipping subduction zone in Greece in the Mid Jurassic, followed by displacement and metamorphic sole formation, then regional emplacement onto a microcontinent, the Pelagonian Zone, in the Late Jurassic. Above-subduction zone spreading took place in the Late Cretaceous in the Cyprus ocean and, probably also in the Antalya ocean basin. Diachronous collisions closed both the Pindos and Antalya oceans by the Early Tertiary, while the Cyprus ocean basin survived as an oceanic remnant until Quaternary-Recent time. Finally, an attempt is made to position the Pindos, Antalya and Cyprus oceanic units in the context of our understanding of the Eastern Mediterranean Neotethys. © 1991.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Robertson, A., Clift, P., Degnan, P., & Jones, G. (1991). Palaeogeographic and palaeotectonic evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean Neotethys. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 87 (1-4), 289-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(91)90140-M

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Terms of sale for Book Lovers Warehouse PAYMENT: All major credit cards accepted. Checks, or money orders by mail. Orders are usually shipped within one day of receipt of payment. Payment must be received within 10 day of placing order. RETURNS: If you are not fully satisfied that your order is in the same condition as we described, contact us within 7 days for a refund or exchange. Your order must be returned to Book Lover's Warehouse in the same condition in which it was received. Shipping is not refundable.


If you have a child you can clearly identify childish behavior. It's not pretty. But you understand and tolerate such behavior because you know that as that child matures, and he learns from instruction, his tantrums, pettiness, selfishness, and other childish behavior will become less and less prominent. And as he grows into adulthood, he will likely become well adjusted. He will respect others. He will learn that to achieve his goals, he must often help others achieve theirs. And ultimately, he puts away childish behavior.
I was present at the inception of the tea party movement, having founded the Chattanooga Tea Party in April 2009. It wasn't my first rodeo, but the challenge of organizing and leading a grassroots movement was new. So I came of age so to speak with this movement. And I met a lot of wonderful people. Many of those people are dear friends today. Those who joined the movement were ordinary Americans who simply loved their communities and nation, and were worried that their future was gray and bleak. And the facts and stats affirmed their concerns.
The tea party movement accomplished a lot in its early years, when enthusiasm was high and strategy was limited. But as the years wore on, it became obvious that strategy and thoughtful deliberation would become more important. No longer could the movement sustain itself on raw emotion, anger, or passion. Rather, to succeed, it would require that we learn from our mistakes and failures. Sadly though, nearly ten years later, the movement continues to struggle with the same blunders.
As is the case with most elections, there are often several candidates who could be split into various tiers. The first tier is the "perfect" candidate who might have a near unblemished track record, and his/her fidelity to tea party values is unquestioned.
The second tier includes candidates who, while their voting record may not align perfectly with tea party values, and there may be other "complaints" some in the movement will lodge, they do have redeeming qualities. Ultimately, if elected, they would advance many values the movement supports.
Then there are the third tier candidates. These are the ones who are so offensive or wrong in their policies, affiliations or track records, that most tea party members would likely never support them. What we find though is that the candidates in Tier 1 are typically underfunded and thus not electable, while Tier 2 & 3 often have sufficient funds to mount a credible campaign.
These three tiers expose one of the greatest flaws of the tea party movement: its unwillingness to coalesce together. Independent elements, personalities, and egos are rampant in the movement, and unwillingness to tolerate the slightest variance from "perfection" is the norm.
Sadly, many tea party members are unwilling to consider anyone outside of Tier 1. Because of this reality, what invariably happens is that other credible and acceptable candidates in Tier 2 are maligned and rejected. Additionally, because Tier 3 candidates not only have sufficient funds, but they typically garner the establishment Republican voters, Tier 1 & 2 voters split all the other remaining votes. Consequently the Tier 3 candidate often wins. In every case this has been the worst case scenario for the movement, our state and nation. We saw it with Romney in 2012. And in Tennessee, we saw it with Governor Bill Haslam. And Lamar Alexander. And Bob Corker. And others.
Now again in 2017-18, tea party members in Tennessee are repeating the same old mistake. The fidelity by many to their "perfect" but unelectable candidate is blinding them from the reality that there may be another "acceptable" candidate who is both credible and electable.
Let me digress for a moment to state that there are times when one may not, for conscience sake, be able to vote for anyone in Tier 2 or Tier 3. If that is the case, I would never attempt to judge someone else's conscience. At that point, it's a deeply personal decision and no one should ever question someone's deep rooted beliefs when they enter the voting booth.
But in the absence of a moral reservation, the movement is missing another opportunity to help influence, and ultimately select, the next Governor in Tennessee. It may require some to select what they consider to be a Tier 2 candidate. But if they do, they will be selecting a candidate who can actually win, and they would be revealing a maturity that heretofore has been missing in the movement.
Growing up requires that we oftentimes sacrifice perfection for good. Maturity understands that we don't always get what we want. Honesty enables us to look into the future and predict what will likely occur and use our best efforts to influence that future. Conversely, dishonesty keeps us glued to our own narrow-mindedness, trapped in our own little echo-chambers.
Sadly though, if a movement never grows up, it ceases to be relevant. And once it's no longer relevant, it doesn't have long to live.
The tea party movement in Tennessee is at a crossroads. It can stay on its present course and drive over the cliff, never to influence again. Or it can take a right turn, and begin to coalesce around principled pragmatism, which is simply recognizing reality and attempting to win as many battles as possible by remaining as true as possible to one's principles.
Losing elections never advances one's principles. Winning elections with imperfect candidates can advance some of our principles.
So will the tea party movement put away childish attitudes and grow up, or simply fade away?


text:
Home Kew Science State of the World's Plants and Fungi
State of the World's Plants and Fungi
We publish annual reports to give our assessment of the current knowledge on the world's plants and fungi.
Kew's State of the World's Plants and Fungi project provides assessments of our current knowledge of the diversity of plants and fungi on Earth, the global threats that they face, and the policies to safeguard them.
Produced in conjunction with an international scientific symposium, Kew's State of the World's Plants and Fungi sets an important international standard from which we can annually track trends in the global status of plant and fungal diversity. Since 2016, we have published three reports. Read the reports and explore the data at stateoftheworldsplants.org.
State of the World's Plants and Fungi 2020
In September 2020 we will be publishing, in collaboration with international researchers, the very first State of the World's report that combines both plants and fungi.
We will explore what we know about the properties of plants and fungi (through both traditional knowledge and modern science), their value in economic terms, and the potential of Kew's collections and collections around the world to be used for the exploration of these properties.
With end points for many of the world's biodiversity and sustainability targets occurring in 2020, this is an opportunity to take stock of where we are and evaluate and demonstrate how collaborative, international biodiversity research can provide solutions to some of the UK's and the world's most pressing challenges.
State of the World's Plants and Fungi reports
State of the World's Plants 2016
The original State of the World's Plants report provided, for the first time, a baseline assessment of our knowledge on the diversity of plants on earth, the global threats these plants face, and the policies dealing with them.
Read the 2016 report
This is the second annual report in which we have scrutinised databases, published literature, policy documents, reports and satellite imagery to provide a synthesis of current knowledge on the world's plants.
State of the World's Fungi 2018
Kew released the first ever State of the World's Fungi report revealing how important fungi are to all life on Earth.
The staff and trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Kew Foundation would like to thank the Sfumato Foundation for generously funding the State of the World's Plants project.


text:
'The Bachelorette': Jed Wyatt Reveals Why He's Confused His Ex-Girlfriend Came Forward
Kelsey Goeres
Jed Wyatt was the winner of Hannah Brown's season of The Bachelorette. But Brown called off their engagement when she found out Wyatt had come on the show with a girlfriend.
Hannah Brown and Jed Wyatt | Mark Bourdillon via Getty Images
Wyatt has maintained that he never thought of his relationship with Haley Stevens (his alleged ex-girlfriend) as official. But he's also admitted to telling Stevens that he loved her, going on trips with her, knowing her family, and that she planned a surprise birthday party for him.
Even so, Wyatt apologized to Brown and Bachelor Nation on "After The Final Rose," for withholding information and not being "the best that I could be."
How Jed Wyatt felt about Haley Stevens
In a recent interview with LAnded Late Night, Wyatt was asked by his close friend, Haley Ringo, if his feelings for Stevens were real.
"I absolutely cared for her a lot. She was great. I have nothing bad to say about her. She was always really sweet to me and we had a great time together. There was just no–we knew the show was coming, there was just not a solid enough ground for us to actually have a relationship. Had I actually had a relationship, like I said on the podcast, I wouldn't have gone on the show," he responded.
Breaking the IG silence with none other than @landedlatenight. ✨ @haleyrynnringo, thank you for the tequila gurrrl.
A post shared by Jed Wyatt (@jedwyatt) on Aug 6, 2019 at 7:03pm PDT
The conversation Jed Wyatt says he had with Haley Stevens about him going on 'The Bachelorette' and possibly becoming 'The Bachelor'
Wyatt also told Ringo about a conversation he had with Stevens prior to leaving for The Bachelorette. In the conversation, he says Stevens told him she wanted him to do whatever's best for him.
"I remember sitting on her back porch. This was, I don't know, a few weeks before I left for the show, and we were sitting with her roommate and we were talking about the possibilities of what could happen and we had discussed The Bachelor. I was like, I, ultimately, need to do what's best in that situation. She was like 'Yeah, I'd want you to do that. I would not not want you to do what's best for you,' which is really sweet. But why would you tell me these things and then come out and do this," he said.
Hands down one of the best days I've ever had. Time stopped. Also, @alabamahannah is the strongest in a lot of ways (especially arm wrestling). Let's focus on that and spreading actual love.
A post shared by Jed Wyatt (@jedwyatt) on Jul 2, 2019 at 12:21pm PDT
Wyatt also says that he sees now how much his relationship with Brown hurt Stevens. But, ultimately, he's still confused as to why things turned out the way they did.
"Again, I'm not taking away her being hurt because I see it, especially now, like when I see her interviews and see how emotional and stuff she is, that still hurts me. I hate to feel like I hurt someone. I did not intentionally hurt anyone. That was not my intention at all. I just don't understand how you can love someone the way that you say you love them, tell them that you want the best for them to their face, and that no matter what everything will be ok and they should do what's best for themselves. That's what she told me. I don't understand how that could be our conversation and then this happen," he said.
Read more: 'The Bachelorette': Jed Wyatt Hopes Young Men Will Learn From His Mistake


text:
Nik kershaw greatest hits skype
Posted on 31.01.2020 31.01.2020 by Faugami
Nik Kershaw - Greatest Hits is a compilation album released and contains all his greatest hits like The Riddle, Wouldn't it not be good and I won't let the sun go down on me to mention a few. We also get two bonus tracks, which are 98 remixes of Wouldn't it be good and I won't let the sun go down on me/5(6). Discover releases, reviews, credits, songs, and more about Nik Kershaw - Greatest Hits at Discogs. Complete your Nik Kershaw collection/5(16). Song information for Wouldn't It Be Good - Nik Kershaw on AllMusic Wouldn't It Be Good - Nik Kershaw | Song Info | AllMusic AllMusic relies heavily on JavaScript.
Song information for Wouldn't It Be Good - Nik Kershaw on AllMusic Wouldn't It Be Good - Nik Kershaw | Song Info | AllMusic AllMusic relies heavily on JavaScript. Discover releases, reviews, credits, songs, and more about Nik Kershaw - Greatest Hits at Discogs. Complete your Nik Kershaw collection/5(16). Nik Kershaw - Greatest Hits is a compilation album released and contains all his greatest hits like The Riddle, Wouldn't it not be good and I won't let the sun go down on me to mention a few. We also get two bonus tracks, which are 98 remixes of Wouldn't it be good and I won't let the sun go down on me/5(6). Sign in to like videos, comment, and subscribe. Sign in. Watch Queue Queue. Find album reviews, stream songs, credits and award information for Greatest Hits - Nik Kershaw on AllMusic - / Sign in now to see your channels and recommendations! Sign in. Watch Queue Queue.Nik Kershaw (b ) is best known for a run of hits in the mid-Eighties, songs such as "Wouldn't It Be Good", "I Won't Let The Sun Go Down on. Es ist eigentlich ein musikhistorischer Witz, dass Nik Kershaw vor dem ein beeindruckend guter Ohrwurm, gehört ohne Zweifel zu seinen besten Songs. Nik Kershaw ***** has been invited today to be the special guest support He storms through a great version of his hit single 'The Riddle' with. Beschikbaar op: Anthology (), Greatest Hits (), No Frills (), One Step Ahead (), The Best Of Nik Kershaw (), The Essential (), The. Nik kept his big hits powder dry, starting with Wide Boy and a punchy rendition of Dancing Girls, then closed the first half with the roof-raising. We and our partners use cookies to personalize your experience, to show you ads based on your interests, and for measurement and analytics purposes. Nik Kershaw (Nicholas David Kershaw) released his first single "I Won't Let the Sun Go It reached # 47 in the UK Singles Chart and became a major hit in the. View credits, reviews, tracks and shop for the CD release of Greatest Hits on Nik Kershaw – Greatest Hits. Greatest Hits (CD, Compilation) album cover. I was Stationed in England when I first heard of Nik Kershaw back in the Eighties and that was the song Wouldnt it be Good and soon I became a fan of his music. think, driver hp pavilion g4-1204ax the, electron libre hayce lemsi style,scott mine js for now,article source,photoshop full version deviantart emoticons
see the video Nik kershaw greatest hits skype
Nik Kershaw - Wouldn't It Be Good, time: 4:30
Tags: Digital fernsehen zeitschrift skype, Ranunculus acris taxonomy of humans, Dana veera sura karna dialogues games, If im james dean acoustic, Aegisub karaoke effect full crack software
1 thoughts on "Nik kershaw greatest hits skype"
Tuk says:
There is nothing to tell - keep silent not to litter a theme.


How do I log a payment as paid by check or other source?
This article will show you how to log a resident payment as paid when someone pays via check or other payment source.
If someone wants to make a payment via check or other source (such as Venmo or Paypal), you can add a manual Payment in their unit transaction history. While Homebase does not currently accept check payments, we still allow you to keep track of payment paid via alternative methods to make sure the Unit Balance is property accounted for.
First navigate to the unit that who's payment you would like to add. Next click on "Payment Balance" and select "Manage Transactions"
After selecting "Manage Transactions", the unit transaction list should appear.
In the top menu, click on "Add Resident Payment". A form will appear to manually add payment details such as Resident, Amount, Date Received, Source, and Notes to log check number or any other payment details.
When you're finished entering payment details, click "Add Payment". Your manual resident payment entry will appear on the list of transactions.
All residents in the unit will receive a message notifying them that their payment has been logged.


text:
Yesterday, the world of music mourned the loss of true royalty. Aretha Franklin was an American singer, songwriter and pianist, but to millions of fans, she was an icon.
Aretha's Parents
Aretha and her father, C.L. Franklin
On March 25, 1942, Aretha Louise Franklin was born in Memphis, Tennessee. When Aretha was 2 years old, her family moved to Buffalo, New York, briefly for her father's career as a minister. Before she turned 5, they made the permanent move to Detroit, Michigan, where Aretha remained until her death, yesterday, August 16, 2018.
It was in Detroit, shortly after her mother's death, that the 10-year-old Franklin started singing solos at New Bethel church, where her father was a preacher.
Aretha's father became her manager and she recorded her first album, "Songs of Faith", in 1956, at the age of only 14!
From that first album on, Aretha enjoyed success and fame as a musical icon. She sang for Presidents and world leaders. She won too many music awards to list and she was the first woman to be inducted into the Rock 'N Roll Hall of Fame. The music magazine, "Rolling Stone" placed her at number 1 on their list of "The Greatest Singers of All Time".
Today's Listening Example is Aretha's Career-defining anthem, "RESPECT". Recorded in February of 1967, "Respect" would reach No. 1 on the Billboard pop chart, win Franklin two Grammys and make her an international star. Thank you, Aretha, for sharing your talent, and the music in your soul, with all of us. You will be missed.
http://www.arethafranklin.net/biography/
https://apnews.com/9185c1246ec84036aa9128c7cec65827
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin


The ONLY academy in the Central Valley actually owned, operated and supervised by a Gracie family member.
* FRIDAY NIGHT CLASS: 5:00PM – 5:50PM – NO-GI Class: Is the application of competitive Jiu-Jitsu techniques without use of the uniform (GI). "Open to ALL Age Group".
To attend a free introductory class, you can simply call us or stop by to schedule an appointment. Or you can email us at introclass@charlesgracie.com. Please write: "INTRO CLASS – DALY CITY LOCATION" at the beginning of your email with a contact number, followed by the date and time you would like to attend.


text:
Nepal's sexual minorities say progress in rights has stalled
Posted bySharon Lee Davies-Tight, artist, writer/author, animal-free chef 09/23/2019 09/25/2021 Posted inGENDER, NEWS THAT INTERESTS SHARON, THE BRITSTags:BLUE DIAMOND SOCIETY, GAY RIGHTS, LGBT, NEPAL, SOUTH ASIA
By BINAJ GURUBACHARYA
Nepal seized the lead in equal rights for sexual minorities in South Asia four years ago with a new constitution that forbids all discrimination based on sexual orientation. But activists say progress in equal rights has stalled since the constitution was adopted.
Nepal (AP) — Nepal seized the lead in equal rights for sexual minorities in South Asia four years ago with a new constitution that forbids all discrimination based on sexual orientation. Even citizenship certificates and passports now allow a "non-male, non-female" category.
But same-sex couples such as Niraj Sunwar and Aashik Lama say progress has stalled since the constitution was adopted.
Sunwar, 23, and Lama, 28, are still waiting for the day when they can legally marry. Lama also hopes to adopt a child, which isn't possible because no laws currently allow it.
"We want to be lawfully wedded in a government office and have a legal certificate so we can openly live the life we want," Lama said. "We want to adopt a baby and start a family life.
"Such rights were enshrined in the constitution, which was introduced after the abolition of Nepal's centuries-old monarchy, because of a 2008 Supreme Court ruling that outlawed all discrimination against sexual minorities. LGBT activists, however, say politicians have failed to write new laws that reflect their rights.
Even worse, a Civil Code that was passed through parliament and came into force last year has moved things backward by clearly stating that marriage is a union between a man and a woman.
"Nepal opened the way and other countries are following, but it has stalled here," said Manisha Dhakal, executive director of the Blue Diamond Society, an LGBT rights group. "Parliament has no commitment; it just doesn't want to do it."
In addition to banning sexual discrimination, the new constitution provides special privileges to minority groups, including a reserved number of government jobs and educational positions. The LGBT community has been defined as a minority, but receives no such reserved positions.
"Though the constitution says clearly there should be no discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, there are no laws to support it," said Pinky Gurung, an LGBT rights activist.
Under a new citizenship bill being prepared in parliament, transgender people seeking to change their status would be required to show medical proof, but the bill does not clarify what kind, Dhakal said.
"A provision requiring us to get examined physically violates our privacy," she said, also noting that sex change surgery is currently unavailable in Nepal and unaffordable for most transgender people.
She said activists are planning to go to court to demand equal rights, and then take the issue to international rights groups to pressure the government.
Nepal's constitution was ahead of its time not just at home but also in South Asia.
In India, homosexuality wasn't decriminalized until last year when the Supreme Court declared British-era laws unconstitutional. Tiny Bhutan's parliament recently repealed provisions that made "unnatural sex" illegal.
Meanwhile in Bangladesh and Pakistan, both Muslim-majority nations, gay relationships remain illegal, and gay rights activists routinely face discrimination.
If the rights were granted as they appear in the constitution, Nepal would be head of almost every country in all of Asia. Taiwan in May became the first place in the region to legalize same-sex marriage.
There is no accurate number for the size of Nepal's LGBT community. The next census, held every 10 years, is planned for 2021, and Gurung said they are demanding that the number of LGBT people be counted.Because there is no census data, there are no quotas for jobs, educational positions or health care slots for the LGBT community. And activists say discrimination against the LGBT community in Nepal is still all too common in everyday life.
"Because there is no same-sex marriage provision in Nepal, we have been facing difficulties in society," Sunwar said. "When we walk in the street together, our neighbors always look down on us because two men are living together as a couple."
They have been living together for two years, but only told their parents a few months ago.
For Meghna Lama, who has been running Pink Tiffany, the first LGBT-friendly restaurant in the heart of Kathmandu's tourist district, overcoming challenges has become routine.
From convincing building owners to facing harassment from the authorities and…
FINISH UP: Nepal's sexual minorities say progress in rights has stalled
IMAGINE A HUMAN BEING TRAPPED IN AN APE'S BODY
Newsmaker: The anti-Netanyahu? Ex-general Gantz poised for top office


This is a placeholder page for Jennifer Hyde, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Jennifer Hyde.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Jennifer Hyde. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Jennifer Hyde. We created this page automatically in hopes Jennifer Hyde would find it. If you are not Jennifer Hyde, but are an alumni of Scottsbluff High School, register on this site for free now.


text:
Sun Signs(current)
Birthday Horoscopes
Luke Wilson Biography, Life, Interesting Facts
Birth Place :
Zodiac Sign :
Chinese Zodiac :
Birth Element :
Childhood And Early Life
American actor, writer, and director Luke Wilson was born in Dallas, Texas on the 21 September 1971 to Robert Wilson, a television executive, and Laura Cunningham, a photographer. The Wilson family are of Irish-American heritage. Wilson has two brothers Andrew and Owen who are both actors.
Luke Wilson was a pupil at St. Mark's School of Texas, a Roman Catholic private boys school in Dallas. After graduating from high school, he was a student at the Texas Christian University before transferring to Occidental College, a liberal arts school in Los Angeles.
Rise To Fame
One of Wilson's earliest appearance was playing the lead in a short 13 minutes film his brother Owen Wilson had co-written with director Wes Anderson, Bottle Rocket (1994). After the premiere of the film at the Sundance Festival in 1993, director James L. Brooks helped turn the short piece into a full-length feature which was released in 1996. Around this time, Luke Wilson, his two brothers, and Wes Anderson were sharing a house together in Los Angeles. His brother Owen also acted in Bottle Rocket.
His next film was starring with Calista Flockhart Telling Lies in America (1997). Luke Wilson then had a small part in Scream 2 (1997). In 1998 he started in Best Men, Home Fries, and Rushmore. His brother Owen Wilson co-wrote Rushmore and directed by Wes Anderson. With his career established Wilson has appeared in a number of films including Blue Streak (1999), Kill The Man (1999), Legally Blonde (2001), Soul Survivors (2001), The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), Idiocracy (2006), Vacancy (2007), Concussion (2015) Outlaws and Angels (2016), Measure of a Man (2017) and Brad's Status (2017).
Luke Wilson also appeared in several episodes of the television series That 70's School (2002-2005). Recent work includes the HBO television series Enlightened (2011-2013) and Roadies (2016).
In March 2015 Luke Wilson was inducted into the Texas Film Hall of Fame at a ceremony in Austin, Texas.
Luke Wilson was in a long-term relationship with former basketball star Meg Simpson.
September 21 Horoscope
More Actors
Brett Tucker
Aidan Prince
Chris Cooper
Bruce Cabot
More People From Texas
Susana Martinez
More People From United States of America
Tony Spilotro
Leonard D. White
Prince Michael "Blanket" Jackson II
More Virgo People
Berguzar Korel
Anthony Weiner
Yma Sumac
More Chinese Pig People
Kurt Warner
Bernhard Goetz
Roman Atwood
© 2017 SunSigns.Org


I have over 15 years of experience as a professional organizer specializing in home organization and project management in the New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Houma, and Northshore areas.
Along with my specialized training in organization and clutter control and applying a therapeutic application, my goal is to work toward personalized solutions and to teach clients who love objects how to regain balance in their lives while still enjoying their own creativity and environments. This is accomplished by listening and learning what is most important to a client, understanding how they think and breaking down the larger project to small, manageable tasks.
After graduating from Tulane University and following career opportunities, I returned and now live in New Orleans with the cat and a turtle named "Skeeter." In my spare time, I enjoy outdoor music, folk art, good food, and an interesting flea market!
Sadly, on January 23, 2013, Jake the Guinea Pig passed away in his sleep.
He left a carrot and one strawberry behind.


Excess salts in a plant's root zone interferes with water uptake. Salty soils typically occur in dry areas where water evaporation exceeds rainfall. Also, plants can be over fertilized (e.g., with NPK fertilizers or manure tea) resulting in salt injury to the plants. ECHO staff have been asked at times for advice on an affordable way to get a rough idea of soil salinity. There are hand-held electrical conductivity (EC) meters that can be purchased for less than $50. These, or a more expensive laboratory bench EC meter, are excellent options. In some areas, though, they may not be as available or affordable as an ordinary ohm/volt multitester.
With that in mind, a small laboratory study was set up to find out how reliably an ohm meter can measure salinity in comparison to an EC electrode on a laboratory bench meter. Morton's Canning and Pickling Salt was added to purified (via reverse osmosis and deionization in our lab) water to obtain solutions with known salt concentrations of 0.21, 0.62, 1.99, 5.99, and 17.60 deciSeimens (dS)/m. Each of the five solutions was poured into five beakers. One measurement was taken for each beaker (for a total of 25 measurements; 5 solutions X 5 beakers) with the laboratory EC meter (Hanna Instruments-HI13512-01) and an analog ohm/volt multimeter (Sunwa YX-360TR). Prior to doing the study, we experimented with a couple of digital meters but weren't always able to get a reading in liquid solutions. Also, the analog meters have an X10 setting, which is easy to work with when converting back and forth between resistance and conductivity units. This particular multitester cost around $15USD and has a nice, wide screen; we've found that with small/narrow screens the meter scale is more difficult to read. The ohm/volt multitester was set at X10 ohms, with resulting resistance (ohms) readings converted to conductivity (dS/m) units. Findings are summarized in the graph below.
Notice that values obtained with the EC meter, as shown by the solid black dots, were very close to the known/prepared concentration. Even at the highest salinity concentration of 17.6 dS/m, the lab EC meter worked very well. By comparison, the ohm/volt meter gave comparable readings as the EC meter, up to about 2 dS/m. At salinity concentrations above 1.99 dS/m, the ohm/volt meter readings were significantly less than the known concentrations. The tendency of a multimeter to underestimate salinity at higher salt concentrations has to do with the influence of direct current (used by the multimeter) versus alternating (used by the EC meter) current on the ions in solution. Nevertheless, results showed that a multimeter may be useful in determining whether the salinity of a soil is low or high for more salt-sensitive crops, which takes in many commonly grown vegetable (see Table 1 below).
Collect some soil from around the root zone of crop plants, avoiding any crusted surface salts. Air dry your sample and place 20 g of it into a clean, non-metal container.
Add salt-free (deionized or distilled water is best but rainwater is acceptable) water until you can see water shining on but not over the soil surface.
It might be necessary to add a little more water after the soil has absorbed some of the first addition of water. You have created a saturated soil paste.
After a short equilibration period (10 minutes should be enough), to allow soil salts to dissolve in the water, measure the soil salinity.
Make sure the meter has a fresh battery(s), as accuracy can suffer with a depleted battery. Also ensure that the probe lead tips are clean (no corrosion).
With the meter off, ensure that the needle rests on the infinity (∞) on the left side of the scale. If it doesn't use a flat screwdriver to turn the zero adjuster screw (shown in the photo below) to move the pointer to infinity. This adjustment should not be needed very often.
Connect the probe leads to the meter by inserting the red lead into the positive socket on the meter, and the black lead into the negative (may be labeled as COM) socket.
Set the multimeter on resistance, as shown by the symbol for ohms, Ω. Turn the meter dial to select "X10" ohms. Other settings, such as X100 will result in the needle being more centered on the meter scale, but the X10 readings are more accurate—values are closer to what they should be when converting from ohms to dS/m at the end of the process.
Zero the meter by touching the tips of the red and black leads together. With the lead tips touching, turn the zero control knob until the pointer rests on zero, on the right side of the scale.
Take a reading by placing the probe tips, held 1 cm apart, into the saturated soil paste. Exact distance between the tips is not important, as in a saturated soil EC only minimally varies with probes up to 5 or 10 cm apart. Note the number on the ohms scale (typically located at the top of the display) indicated by the needle. With the meter set at X10, the number of ohms indicated on the meter scale must be multiplied by 10. For instance, if at X10 the needle rests on 100 on the ohms scale, the actual number of ohms is 100 X 10 or 1000.
Convert the measured resistance (ohms) reading to conductance by first calculating the inverse of ohms. Continuing the example above, the inverse of 1000 ohms is 1/1000. Thus, 1000 ohms is equivalent to 0.001 mhos. Since the leads were held 1 cm apart, an assumption is made that the measurement is actually mhos/cm. Multiply mhos/cm by 1000 to convert to dS/m. A measurement of 0.001 mhos, then, is equivalent to 0.001 X 1000 or 1 dS/m. See Table 2 below for a listing of ohms increments on a multimeter, with resistance (ohms) already converted to conductivity (mhos, µS, or dS per m) units. Notice that the higher the resistance, the lower the conductivity. This means that, on an ohm/volt meter set to X10 ohms, salinity is probably very minimal if the needle rests at a resistance value of 1k (1000 ohms) or higher (towards the left, approaching infinity). If the needle rests on an ohms value of 50 or less, salinity could be limiting the growth of some crops, especially vegetables.
Thanks for sharing a wonderful information.I don't think an ohmmeter is going to have the resolution you need. You're talking about resistance readings that are down in the dirt. To get the accuracy and resolution at that range you would be spending thousands of dollars. For instance, you could buy one of these. The standards that are currently in use in our hobby are relatively cheap, easy to use, and reliable.
Thanks for your response. I noticed that your link did not come through and we are, of course, interested in any low-cost and reliable testing tools that might be available. Could you provide the link again, (and let me know if it was a technical issue that prevented you from inserting it before)?
As you mentioned, high accuracy and high resolution tools can be very cost-prohibitive and therefore may not be appropriate for many in our field.


If you have an urgent problem needing immediate attention, please use one of our emergency phone numbers. These numbers are also useful after hours, on weekends or during holidays when County offices are closed. For normal business calls, please refer to our agency phone listing or the more detailed listing published in your telephone directory.Thank you for contacting us.


text:
Rhagoletis boycei is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Rhagoletis of the family Tephritidae.

References

boycei

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The SCHUNK miniature quick-change module VERO-S NSE mikro transfers the effect of fast component change with the SCHUNK VERO-S quick change pallet system to a new dimension. For the first time it is now possible to change miniature components in confined spaces reliably and precisely at a repeat accuracy of < 0.005 mm within seconds. The compact miniature module is an important piece of the puzzle for more efficiency in the production of small workpieces and components. It is suitable for fast workpiece, component and pallet change in light machining as well as in assembly cells and measuring machines.
At a height of only 12 mm and an outer diameter of 49 mm, VERO-S NSE mikro is the most compact quick-change pallet system in the world. The corresponding clamping pins have an outer diameter of just 10 mm. The miniature module also convinces with the superior features of the VERO-S series: its patented dual stroke actuation concept with the standard integrated turbo function guarantees a pull-in force of 500 N and holding forces of up to 6,000 N (M4). The clamping pin is positioned via short tapers and fixed with three slide assemblies. Locking is achieved mechanically by means of a spring assembly. The system is self-locking and designed for form-fit clamping. A system pressure of 6 bar is sufficient for pneumatic opening of the module. All functional components such as the base body, clamping pins, and clamping slides are made of stainless steel. The module will be available from March 2016.


text:
Buffered VPN vs Zenmate VPN 2022
Gibraltar-based Buffered VPN and Germany-based ZenMate are two popular VPN service providers with refreshing approaches to delivering their services. They both use military grade 256-bit encryption to secure your data on all platforms. Dedicated apps for MacOS, Windows, iOS, and Android devices are also available with either of these VPN providers, and subscribers to either VPN service can use up to five devices at once per account. While ZenMate offers around 300 servers in 30+ countries, Buffered has a single server in each of 46 countries. On the other hand, Buffered offers very responsive 24/7 customer support, which is absent with ZenMate. In addition, if you're a new subscriber, Buffered offers a 30-day money-back guarantee, compared to ZenMate's 14-day refund policy. In terms of privacy policies, while ZenMate may store partial logs, Buffered does not store any user logs at all. Keep on reading to discover what separates these VPNs and which of them is really better in the areas that matter most.
Technology Researcher
Buffered VPN has a lot to offer due to its user-friendly interface, fast connection speeds, and reliable security. One thing it can't do is unblock Netflix, you'll need a premium vendor like NordVPN for that. In addition to dedicated apps available for all major platforms, Buffered VPN also offers router compatibility. There are 40+ servers available in 37 different countries, including three se...
Don Bartlem
I considered a number of VPN's before going with Buffered which I find excellent.
No issues in any aspect, On the rare occasions that I required assistance (in the initial set up stage... ), the Help Desk was outstanding. Would highly recommend Buffered to anyone considering using a VPNMore
Trev
They are no more
After being a customer for more than 2 years and paying a premium price for a good service. THEY DON'T... EXIST ANYMORE.. No warning, just logged in one day and my app doesn't work and they have changed their website name. STAY AWAY, sounds dodgy.More
Magdalena Madej
ZenMate is a simple and user-friendly VPN. It will protect you at home and when using public WiFi. It has an extensive server network, with servers optimized for P2P and streaming services like Netflix, BBC iPlayer, and Disney+. ZenMate can lure you with its competitive prices, especially for long-term plans. It offers a 30-day money-back guarantee to try it out. There is also a business offer...
Mattew
No matter your location, using a VPN is important for your online security. I got ZenMate for exactly ... that and I am satisfied with it, especially when it constantly improves its service. Customer support helped me so much and I just wanted to say that I've asked for their help a few times. And every time the support was respectful and fast in their response time. Keep it up!More
ZenMate iPlayer
Although ZenMate has a dedicated server for BBC iPlayer it does not work. I contacted ZenMate support ... about this. They said they knew and are fixing it. One month later it still does not work. I cannot recommend ZenMate for BBC iPlayer. I switched to ExpressVPN as a result.More
Starting price 0.00/
Buffered may not have a very large network, but it uses strong encryption across apps for all major platforms and its servers are very effective for bypassing tough geoblocks. ZenMate is known for providing an innovative service with many advanced security features and user-friendly layouts across its apps.
Buffered is our recommended choice, as it offers a few dedicated servers that allow you to download torrents without leaving a trace. ZenMate also claims to support torrenting, but users have complained in the past that they were unable to do so effectively with the provider.
Buffered is a great choice for PC users, offering a very user-friendly app for Windows that features a firewall-based kill switch to keep you protected at all times. By protecting your data from wi-fi hacking and ISP tracking while providing a dedicated client with VoIP capabilities, ZenMate provides a really practical service for Windows.
Buffered's Android app is very easy to use, thanks to its straightforward layout. It also includes a useful feature that ensures the VPN connection is always active, even in the background. Meanwhile, ZenMate's Android app features a dedicated VoIP feature that allows you use services like Skype from anywhere in the world.
Access to a dedicated app, 24/7 live support, 256-bit encryption, and a useful diagnostics feature are some of the key benefits of using Buffered VPN for MacOS. ZenMate provides a well-rounded VPN service for MacOS users that includes a very intuitive app with many advanced security features, including malware protection.
Buffered provides an iOS app that's effective for accessing geo-restricted content from top providers worldwide. The app also features a smooth interface and a firewall-based kill switch. ZenMate's iOS app has a very user-friendly layout that would suit VPN newcomers well and includes features like tracking and malware protection.
In spite of having just a single dedicated US server, Buffered is highly effective for unblocking US content from web services like Netflix, regardless of your location. ZenMate also reliably unblocks Netflix-US and other top American streaming platforms from any location worldwide, offering around 70 US servers.
The small size of Buffered's network makes it easy to underrate the VPN at first glance. However, the provider makes constant improvements, especially in the area of 24/7 support, which now includes live chat. This exceptional customer service, along with the remarkable performance of servers that consistently bypass geo-restrictions on services like Netflix, makes Buffered the winner of this comparison. Buffered also provides more budget-friendly subscription prices than ZenMate, although it does not match the sharply discounted prices regularly offered by top VPNs like NordVPN and CyberGhost
Go with Buffered VPN
Go with Zenmate VPN
Is Buffered VPN better than Zenmate VPN?
Yes, Buffered VPN is better overall than Zenmate VPN. It has 30 servers in 37 countries, fast speeds, and impressive security features.
Best of all, you can take advantage of its latest discount and get it for only 0.00 a month.
What should I keep in mind when choosing between Buffered VPN and Zenmate VPN?
If you're ready to commit, then Buffered VPN may be perfect for you due to its performance during the tests .
Is Buffered VPN faster than Zenmate VPN?
Yes, Buffered VPN is faster than Zenmate VPN. Since your VPN is your computer's main connection to the internet, you need to use a service that won't slow you down by more than 20%.
Do Buffered VPN or Zenmate VPN offer any deals?
Both Buffered VPN and Zenmate VPN offer deals on occasion. You can check out the current coupons and discounts here. However, ExpressVPN has the best deals. Right now, you can get a 49% discount and up to 3 months for free with a new subscription.


text:
Consumer Security
See all E-Commerce
See all Enterprise IT
See all Social Media
See all Trends
Next Article in Internet
CES Thoughts: Microsoft's Future, Intel and AMD, Can HD DVD Recover? Product of the Week
By Rob Enderle
January 14, 2008 4:00 AM PT
CES is an incredible show, but I was both sad and happy to see the final keynote Bill Gates gave at CES, both because I like Bill and probably won't see him personally again, and because he is moving to something that he really wants to do, I'm happy for him. I also think this CES signals a major change for Microsoft that is part positive and part negative.
I was also fascinated at the contrast between AMD and Intel at the show both showcasing Intel's renewed focus and the possible advantages of the AMD/ATI merger once again showcasing how different these companies are becoming.
Last week, I mentioned that neither side in the HD optical fight had a commanding lead, and right after I submitted my column, Time Warner called the fight. It is possible, if not probable, for Toshiba and HD DVD to actually benefit, if not come back from this, and I thought it interesting to discuss how.
Finally, we'll end with my product of the week — well, in this case, company of the week because I was incredibly impressed with Lenovo's surprisingly good first showing at CES.
The Future of Microsoft: Better Products, Fewer Laughs?
Microsoft's external image is often wrapped up with negative perceptions about how it deals with the market, partners and competitors. By sheer size, Microsoft touches more companies and people than any other company in its segment, and it clearly has its share of problems.
One of them historically has been the inability to own its own image, which is currently being rather impressively damaged by the Mac vs. Windows advertising campaign. A side of Microsoft that is just as real is the company's ability to not take itself seriously and make fun of itself.
In the Bill Gates keynote, there was a video that showcased this well, and I've often thought that if Microsoft could make this kind of thing a core part of its own advertising and general behavior, it would do wonders for the company's image, sales and government relations. Like people, companies have multiple faces, and this side of Microsoft — which is generally connected to Bill Gates himself — is one of the most endearing. I wonder if it won't be lost when he leaves.
The other part of the company that is changing is how it approaches the market. Typically, Redmond has taken two paths. Either it builds most of the parts, as it does with most things, or it builds everything, as with offerings like the Xbox and Zune.
I saw a third path emerging around Surface, MSN Direct and IPTV, in which Microsoft creates a complete solution and then licenses it out to third parties. This addresses what has been an historic weakness (incomplete offerings) and potentially creates both a better competitive set of products against companies like Apple, and the potential to further turn competitors like Sony into deeper partners.
MSN Direct went first with the watches, and while it wasn't as successful as it could have been, it is now making huge inroads in the GPS (global positioning system) segment, becoming the technology behind many of the major players.
With Surface, Microsoft is still rolling out its contained offering to food services and healthcare, but it will be partnering to move to the consumer market, which apparently is screaming for this thing. IPTV is the furthest along with major inroads into the U.S. and European markets.
This all may be followed by Zune, which seems to have some really good marketing all of a sudden. This provides the promise of a packaged iPod killer with a new solid back end. The Xbox 360 is already expected to move into British Telecom homes as a set-top box, and PC OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) are screaming to license.
This represents what could be one of the most significant changes the company has ever seen, the products in the CE segment will improve, I just hope the company learns to more effectively use its sense of humor and doesn't lose it.
AMD and Intel Differences
Boy, you really got the sense that AMD and Intel were on different paths at CES. Intel provided one of the best showcases for Intel-based technology I've ever seen, and it was focused on being mobile and WiMax, the next big thing after WiFi. Any hot notebook that used Intel technology could be found in the strategically located massive booth. Much of it, like Asus' small new Lamborghini was incredibly hot.
AMD announced Live Ultra, a showcase of how deeply the company had penetrated into the home space and here you saw AMD in phones, TVs, and other consumer offerings. AMD seemed to be the technology behind some of the best-looking TVs, some of the best multimedia cell phones, and this made CES look more like AMD's show than Intel's.
Intel had the keynote though, and clearly indicated that by the second half of the year it would be much more visible in this space. Intel showcased some really cool little PCs and entertainment devices it would have at that time.
The show did identify the key differences in the approach both companies were taking, Intel is coming after the market with a largely internal effort and building its solution from what it already had, while AMD bought into the market with ATI and is working to leapfrog Intel with the result. Given that ATI is already in a number of these segments, this makes Intel chase AMD rather than the more typical other way around.
Behind the scenes, AMD is taking a huge hit because of the drag the in-process merger is putting on the company, while Intel's slower path is allowing it to maintain a much stronger market-facing image (with clear financial benefits). These two don't really start running against each other hard until 2009 in this segment, and it won't be until then until we see how this all works out, but this remains a race to watch.
Can HD DVD Come Back?
I've been thinking about how Toshiba was blindsided by Warner Bros.' late move to go Blu-ray only, and what it could do to reverse this trend. Realize that until the market actually moves, this is still anyone's game and much like it is with the current U.S. elections, leadership positions are often not fixed in concrete. Having said that, it is my belief that HD DVD is pretty much screwed right now but not necessarily out of the fight.
Toshiba has a number of cards it could still play, which would include:
Doing a blended download/HD DVD offering to get ahead of what will likely be the next big market move.
Drive down the cost of dual-mode players and work to ensure HD DVD performs best on them (the movies will be split between the two formats for most of this year). Find out what it would take to get Disney (likely a staffing change and money) and Warner (money) to change sides in what is likely to be bad year for both thanks to the writer's strike and do it.
Find a way to better leverage the Microsoft and Xbox relationship. Microsoft is still very powerful and the Xbox has a vastly larger installed base than the PS3 currently does.
Sue for Peace and walk away with a big check from Sony.
Were it me, I'd probably do the last and then chase downloads (which is where the market seems to be going anyway). This might leave me with a lot of cash from Sony and the ability to take much of what Sony just won and turn Sony's Blu-ray Disc effort into so much obsolete hardware.
As you know, if you read last week's piece, I'm covered with players in both formats and have a new dual-mode drive on my AlienWare Hangar 18 Media Center (which does great downloads) keeping me covered whatever happens.
Realistically, though, Blu-ray now has a decisive lead, and Toshiba really needs to consider whether it makes sense to stay in this fight. Unlike Sony, Toshiba can afford to walk away, and that may go to the core of why it's in the position it's in.
Company of the Month: Lenovo
One of the biggest mistakes that IBM made under Lou Gerstner's leadership was getting out of the consumer business. HP has recently demonstrated that getting out of the PC business altogether wasn't IBM's smartest moment either.
I have generally felt this decision needed to be reversed, and after Lenovo bought the IBM PC company they had always planned to reverse it. At CES, we saw the result — and Lenovo was the most prominent company in the Intel booth, and one of the most prominent companies in the Microsoft Vista tent.
Lenovo's first offering appears well built, which, given its ThinkPad roots, shouldn't be a surprise; but the line is also differentiated and sexy, which has not been a key part of any offering IBM ever brought to the consumer market going back to the crippled PC Jr.
This was simply an amazingly good effort and I felt this was the best place to point that out. Good job, Lenovo — and that's why they are my product and company of the month.
Rob Enderle is a TechNewsWorld columnist and the principal analyst for the Enderle Group, a consultancy that focuses on personal technology products and trends.
More by Rob Enderle
With Sheryl Sandberg Gone, Does Meta Grow Up, or Die?
The Fascinating Dance Between Twitter and Musk
Tesla Smartphone Could Be a Game Changer
Why Microsoft Again Became the World's Most Valuable Company
BlackBerry IVY and the Future of Electric Vehicles
From Windows 95 to Windows 11: A Matter of Perspective
Microsoft Finally Has Truly Competitive Alternatives to Apple Products
AirTags vs. Tile and Apple's Antitrust Future
More in Internet
Piracy Expert Sees Weaponization of Legit Video Providers on the Rise
Watchdog Finds Flourishing Black Market on Facebook for Fraudulent Ad Accounts
Robotic Letter Writing Lends a Hand to Personalized Marketing, CRM
5 Cyber Safety Tips To Survive the Internet, Hackers and Scammers
A Third of US Social Media Users Creating Fake Accounts
E-Commerce Times Channels
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2022/12/cloud-services.jpg
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/inflation-triggers-retailers-to-reassess-saas-spending-176796.html
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2022/06/password-hacker.jpg
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/avoid-being-the-next-victim-of-account-takeover-fraud-177014.html
Avoid Being the Next Victim of Account Takeover Fraud
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2022/12/cyberwarfare-3.jpg
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/holiday-season-sees-onslaught-of-ransomware-ddos-attacks-177544.html
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2022/11/web-team.jpg
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/digital-marketers-take-fragmented-tactics-to-new-targets-177076.html
Digital Marketers Take Fragmented Tactics to New Targets
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2022/12/multifactor-authentication-2.jpg
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/mfa-is-broken-heres-how-to-fix-it-177538.html
MFA Is Broken, Here's How To Fix It
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2023/01/google-search.jpg
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/gmail-creator-predicts-ai-will-totally-disrupt-google-search-in-1-to-2-years-177745.html
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2021/08/tiktok.jpg
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/tiktok-opens-back-door-to-integrated-platform-stores-amazon-competition-177213.html
TikTok Opens Back Door to Integrated Platform Stores, Amazon Competition
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2022/12/holiday-gift-card.jpg
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/why-quality-e-gifts-are-smart-business-decisions-177207.html
Why Quality E-Gifts Are Smart Business Decisions
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2023/01/student-computer.jpg
https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/edtech-developers-study-game-approach-aces-med-school-testing-curve-177727.html
EdTech Developer's Study Game Approach Aces Med School Testing Curve


ISO 10209:2012 establishes and defines terms used in technical product documentation relating to technical drawings, product definition and related documentation in all fields of application.
This vocabulary is based on all terms contained within ISO/TC 10 standards and other documents that are relevant to technical product documentation irrespective of disciplines. The terms have been classified into specific fields of application.
In addition to terms and definitions used in English and French, two of the three official ISO languages, ISO 10209:2012 gives the equivalent terms in German; these are published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN), and are given for information only. Only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be considered ISO terms and definitions.


text:
Water resources management in Costa Rica
Not to be confused with Water supply and sanitation in Costa Rica.
Water resources management in Costa Rica[1]
Withdrawals by sector 2000
Domestic: 29%
Renewable water resources
112 km3 (2008)
Surface water produced internally
75.1 km3 (2008)
Groundwater recharge
Overlap shared by surface water and groundwater
0 km3 (2008)
Renewable water resources per capita
24,873 m3/year (2008)
Wetland designated as Ramsar sites
510,050 ha (2010)
Hydropower generation
Costa Rica is divided into three major drainage basins encompassing 34 watersheds with numerous rivers and tributaries, one major lake used for hydroelectric generation, and two major aquifers that serve to store 90% of the municipal, industrial, and agricultural water supply needs of Costa Rica.[2] Agriculture is the largest water user demanding around 53% of total supplies while the sector contributes 6.5% to the Costa Rica GDP. About a fifth of land under cultivation is being irrigated by surface water. Hydroelectric power generation makes up a significant portion of electricity usage in Costa Rica and much of this comes from the Arenal dam.
Both total and per capita water usage is very high in comparison to other Central American countries but when measured against available freshwater sources, Costa Rica uses only 5% of its available supply. Urbanization is increasing and as it does, demand for water is expected to rise exponentially in the coming decades. There exists ample water but the threat of widespread contamination to the aquifers is legitimate as untreated wastewater, stormwater, and industrial effluents infiltrate subterranean supplies.[3]
Additionally, the government and water management institutions are facing a water conveyance infrastructure that is in decline; therefore, non-revenue water losses within the system are increasing. Modernization projects are underway led by the Environmental Ministry in Costa Rica with the assistance of multi-lateral development banks where the aim is to address this infrastructure challenge as well as to help mend a fragmented system of water management institutions.[3]
1 Water management challenges
2 Dispute with Nicaragua over the San Juan River
3 Water resource base
3.1 Groundwater and Surface water resources
3.2 Water quality
4 Water resources management by sector
4.1 Drinking water and usage
4.2 Irrigation
4.3 Stormwater Drainage
4.4 Hydropower
5 Legal and institutional framework
5.1 Legal framework
5.2 Institutional framework
6 External Assistance
7 Water users fees
8 Ramsar wetland sites in Costa Rica
8.1 Ramsar sites in Costa Rica
9 Potential climate change impacts
Water management challenges[edit]
In Costa Rica, 2020 projections for water demand for all uses are estimated to reach 39 cubic kilometres (9.4 cu mi), equivalent to 35% of the total water resources available.[4] The key challenge is to properly manage the growth in demand from 5% to 35% of available water resources. Urban development continues to increase the pressure on water resources and the use of water and groundwater in particular is becoming increasingly more complex due to rapid urbanization and over-exploitation from domestic, industrial, and agricultural demand.[4]
Unsustainable land use practices are threatening to degrade watersheds and are adding to the growing complexities of managing groundwater. Additionally, the volcanic aquifers consist mainly of interstratifications of gaps and fissures which allow for high permeability and infiltration. In many cases, these make the aquifers highly vulnerable to human contamination from the cities in which they support. The heterogeneity of these aquifers makes them complicated to study and manage. Consequently, growing signs of conflict and competition for water use between sector needs are being observed in some regions.[4]
Another considerable challenge in Costa Rica is the lack of a monitoring and maintenance for potable water and the problem has precipitated a higher incidence of water-borne illnesses. In response, the Health Ministry created a system of vigilant monitoring of the quality of water, illnesses, population migration, environmental sanitation, vulnerability of the aquifers, lakes, and rivers. The Health Ministry also analyzes and approves environmental impact studies as they pertain to the drinking water supply, regulates the quality of water being delivered to citizens.[3]
The state of the water conveyance infrastructure is not good and large amounts of water are lost or not accounted for. Water loss from the delivery and conveyance systems is referred to as non-revenue water and losses are estimated at 50%. This problem exists because of deficiencies in the physical structures, use of outdated technologies, and inadequate maintenance.[3]
Dispute with Nicaragua over the San Juan River[edit]
The San Juan River.
Dating back two hundred years, there have been disputes over the management and usage of the San Juan River forming the border between Nicaragua and Costa Rica. The San Juan River has long been viewed, for both countries, as offering the promise for a canal route across Central America. This was the case when the Panama Canal site was chosen rather than the San Juan River as the ultimate ship navigation route across the Americas. The conflict between Nicaragua and Costa Rica continues. The Nicaraguan government announced in August 2009 that it will begin construction at the end of September 2009 to reroute the San Juan River, which runs along the country's border with Costa Rica.[5]
The head of the committee for development of the San Juan River in Nicaragua said that the $1 million project is intended to "recover the 1,700 m3 p/sec of water that was lost after Costa Rica rerouted it toward its Colorado River between 1945 and 1950." Costa Rica responded, issuing a statement that said a ruling by an international court "forcefully denies Nicaragua's wish to dredge a new route on the San Juan River." In July 2009 the United Nations' International Court of Justice unanimously reaffirmed Nicaragua's sovereignty over the river and upheld the ban that does not allow Costa Rican police and military forces to use the river. Nicaragua's exclusive sovereignty over the San Juan River was established in 1858 with the Cañas-Jerez treaty.[5]
According to the 151-year-old Cañas-Jerez treaty, the San Juan River is fully Nicaraguan property; however, Costa Rica can use the river freely for transport, without any restrictions from its neighbouring country. Costa Rica says Nicaragua is reneging on its obligations by requiring visas and forcing Costa Rican boats to stop for military inspection on the northern bank. All passengers are made to pay a $5 fee and every boat must fly the Nicaraguan flag. Nicaragua also banned commercial fishing by Costa Rican fisherman in retribution of Costa Rica initiating the ICJ suit in 2005.[6]
Water resource base[edit]
With an average width of 120 km, Costa Rica receives about 170 km3 from rain and about 75 km3 finds its way into the rivers and lakes of Costa Rica and yet another 37 km3 ends up in underground aquifers. The remaining water is lost through evaporation and evapotranspiration.[3] Costa Rica is divided into three major slopes or basins. The Atlantic side is the wet and rainy side and rarely experiences a deficit of water throughout the year. The Atlantic sloping side incorporates the Northern slope that drains into the San Juan River bordering Nicaragua and also towards the Caribbean Sea. The sub-basins within this slope contribute 5.8 km3 annually to Lake Nicaragua and more than half of the water that flows into the San Juan River or around 23.2 km3 The Pacific slope is more dry with a shared decline in average flow during the dry season. In total, there are 34 principal drainage basins in Costa Rica with 17 having a major sloping contour and range in size from 207 km2 to 5,084 km2.[2]
Groundwater and Surface water resources[edit]
The Rio Celeste (sky blue river) at Tenorio Volcano National Park in Costa Rica.
Groundwater is the primary water source in Costa Rica where it accounts for nearly 90% of Costa Rica's agricultural, industrial, and domestic water demands with the exception of hydroelectric generation.[4] Volcanic activity has formed highly permeable subterranean layers within the fragmented igneous lava. This phenomenon coupled with high rainfall has created the formation of aquifers in the central and northern part of Costa Rica's Central Valley, where more than half of the population lives. These aquifers are called the Upper and Lower Colima and are separated by a layer that acts as a semi-permeable aquitard, which allows the descending and ascending vertical transfer of water.[4]
It has been estimated that the Lower Colima extends for approximately 230 km2 and that the Upper Colima spreads over approximately 170 km2. The Upper Colima aquifer is recharged from the Barva and La Libertad aquifers by vertical percolation. The Upper Colima also receives a large part of its recharge from rain infiltration in those areas where there are no overlying smaller aquifers. The Lower Colima is recharged from the Upper Colima by vertical percolation and from surface water where the Upper Colima is absent.[4]
The average recharge of the aquifer system was calculated in 1990 at 8200 l/s. The depth of the water table level varies, depending on the surface topographical irregularities; but, generally it ranges between 50 and 100 m. The direction of the underground flow is from north-east to south-west in both aquifers.[4] Surface water is represented by approximately 13 major rivers, with many adjoining tributaries that range in length from 50 to 160 km (30–100 miles). Costa Rica's major reservoir is Lake Arenal.[3]
Water quality[edit]
While drinking water is good in many parts of the country, there are still many concerns about the quality of water in streams and lakes. It has been estimated that surface water pollution is a threefold problem. Untreated effluents from urban wastewater (only 3% of wastewaters receive treatment) account for 20% of the problem, 40% from solid waste and industrial effluents (heavy metals are the primary culprit), and 40% from the agricultural sector. In the agriculture sector alone, 70% of pollution comes from debris of coffee plantations. Water basins that are receiving large quantities of contaminated runoff include the Grande de Tárcoles and Large Terraba rivers.[2]
Key characteristics of the major climatic regions
Land area (km2)
Rainfall by depth (mm/year)
Rainfall by volume (km3/year)
Surface run off (km3/year)
Infiltration (km3/year)
Evapotranspiration (km3/year)
Chorotega 9,552.4 2,006 19.2 5.7 3.5 10.3
Huetar Norte 9,001.5 3,527 31.8 14.9 9.6 7.5
Huetar Atlántico 9,688.5 3,933 38.1 17.6 9.3 11.1
Pacífico Central 4,722.9 2,801 13.2 5.2 2.2 4.9
Central 8,543.2 3,461 29.6 13 7 8.6
Brunca 9,294.5 3,809 35.4 18.6 5.6 12.2
Total 50,803 19,537 167.2 75.1 37.3 54.7
Source: FAO
Water resources management by sector[edit]
A map of Costa Rica.
Drinking water and usage[edit]
In general, water quality is acceptable for drinking in the urban areas as well as many rural areas. The Government of Costa Rica understands tourism to be the primary driver of the national economy; therefore, more attention has been paid to improve the potable water systems throughout the country. Costa Rica has the highest demand of water, both in total and per capita measures. Per capita water usage is about 1860 L p/day amounting to 5% of total available groundwater and surfacewater. Remaining Central American countries use on average of 3% of total supplies.[4]
Excerpts and table below drawn from: Water supply and sanitation in Costa Rica
About 60% of the Costa Rican population lives in urban areas;[7] therefore, considerable focus has been targeted to expand water services to cities over the last decade. Approximately 99% of the urban populations are connected to water services, which is higher than the 90% average for the rest of Latin America. Connection to the public water supply in rural areas of Costa Rica is about 92% representing about 1.56 million inhabitants.
Urban (61% of the population)
Rural (39% of the population)
Water Broad definition 100% 92% 97%
House connections 99% 81% 92%
Sanitation Broad definition 89% 97% 92%
Sewerage 48% 1% 30%
Source: Joint Monitoring Program WHO/UNICEF(JMP/2006).
Irrigation[edit]
Agriculture accounts for 6.5% of Costa Rica's GDP and 14% of the workforce. Costa Rica irrigates around 21% of its land under cultivation relying primarily on surface water. The irrigation sector is managed by The National Irrigation and Drainage Service (SENARA). Two striving irrigation districts of note that are different in size, and means of execution are: 1) Arenal-Tempisque Irrigation District (DRAT) which is a much larger district than the latter and grows staple crops; 2) and the Irrigation and Drainage of Small Areas (PARD) is smaller but benefits more families than DRAT and focuses on higher value crops.[4]
Arenal-Tempisque Irrigation District (DRAT): This system is located in Guanacaste province, the driest area of the country (during 5 months a year), and is nearly 100% supplied by surface water, utilizing water from the reservoir Lake Arenal. DRAT has increased its surface area from 10,000 ha (24,710 acres) in 2003, to 28,000 ha (69,000 acres) today. DRAT benefits approximately 1,125 families producing mainly sugarcane, fodder, rice, and fish(400 ha of aquaculture), generating income of approximately $163.7 million from this region. The producers in the area pay SENARA a fixed rate fee of $42.5/ha/year for water used in irrigation. Financial resources of $13.7 million are being negotiated for the expansion of DRAT.[4]
The Irrigation and Drainage of Small Areas (PARD) is a district promoted by SENARA and is a response to requests made by associations of producers, individual producers, and state institutions. SENARA is in charge here of constructing the irrigation canal. These are not state properties, they belong to the producers who are in charge of properly maintaining the irrigation system. PARD encompasses an area of 2686.4 ha (6,638 acres) and benefits 2023 families who mainly cultivate vegetables, root crops, tubers, decorative plants and prickly pears.[4]
The areas where DRAT and PARD operate include approximately 30,686 ha (76,000 acres) and the total water demand is estimated at 35.2 m3/s. Of this total demand, the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE) has granted 1240 concessions for exploiting surface and groundwaters for agricultural use; however, less than 97% of the water in Costa Rica utilized for irrigation comes from surfacewater.[4]
Stormwater Drainage[edit]
The Atlantic side of Costa Rica experiences stormwater drainage problems where water tables are not very deep. The geography is much flatter here, and the propensity for flooding is higher. Total area inflicted with drainage problems is estimated around 300,000 ha (741,316 acres).[2]
Hydropower[edit]
A view from the southwest side of Lake Arenal looking across at the north
In the most recent figures published by FAO, Costa Rica theoretically has the potential to generate 25,400 MW, however more practically, their potential is closer to 10,000 MW. The Lake Arenal Hydroelectric Power Plant has approximately 1,570 BCM of useful capacity and produces roughly 70%[citation needed] of Costa Rica's electricity. The hydroelectric dam on this lake is known as Presa Sangregado Dam, Arenal Dam, or the Sangregado Dam. This dam generates 640 GWh/yr and is located on the south-east shore of Lake Arenal in the Guanacaste Province, northwest Costa Rica. The Arenal hydroelectric project is operated by Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad.[8] Other important hydroelectric operations in Costa Rica include the Cachí (three 34 MW turbines), Angostura (three 70 MW turbines), and Corobici 730 GWh/yr is a component of the Arenal hydroelectric project.[9]
Legal and institutional framework[edit]
Legal framework[edit]
Law 276 of 1942, General water law of both public and private domains.
Law 1634 of 1953, General Drinking Water Law declaring planning and implementation of water projects for the population of Costa Rica.
Law 2726 of 1961, Law establishing the Costa Rica Institute of Water and Sewerage (AyA). There have been thirteen reforms to this law between 1966 and 1995.
2006 'Doctrine of water concepts'. By Decree 32868. This is an economic instrument for the regulation of usage and administration of water for achieving better availability to water resources.
2006 'Doctrine of environmental waste in landfills'. By Decree 31176 is for the regulation of water resource use and the dumping of contaminated substances into bodies of water.
Rule by Decree 32327 in 2006 governing the quality of water.
(Source for all above and a complete list of Costa Rica Water laws in Spanish for viewing and download: ARESEP (Autoridad Reguladora de los Servicios Públicos))
Institutional framework[edit]
Water administration and management is the responsibility of the Environmental Ministry in Costa Rica and although the administration is defined in practice it has not functioned as well. Due to the lack of clear laws and strong institutions, management and administration is carried out by sectors and also falls on the water users. The institutional framework has at times been characterized as fragmented and dispersed, with poorly defined roles and functions, and with overlapping responsibilities.[4]
SENARA (Servicio Nacional de Aguas Subterráneas, Riego y Avenamientos) is the National Irrigation and Drainage Service. SENARA was created by Law 6877 on 18 July 1983 and was given the authority and direct responsibility for developing infrastructure, administration, and operation of irrigation and storm water systems. Additionally, SENARA conducts research on the preservation of aquifers so that optimal and efficient water resource management practices are maintained.[10]
AyA (Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados) is the Costa Rica Institute of Aqueducts and Sewer. Manages and operates the potable water, sewerage, and sanitation systems in both rural and urban settings. Additionally, AyA works in the conservation of water basins and reducing water pollution.[11]
ARESEP (Autoridad Reguladora de los Servicios Públicos) is the Regulatory authority for public services in Costa Rica. Water and sewer tariffs are approved by ARESEP.[12]
MINAE (Ministerio de Ambiente y Energia) is the Ministry of Environment and Energy where duties include the promotion of management, conservation, and sustainable development of natural elements and resources including water throughout the country.[13]
Asociaciones Operadoras de Sistemas de Acueductos y Alcantarillado Sanitario (ASADAS) is the national association of water system and sewerage operators.
Arenal-Tempisque Irrigation District (DRAT) (see description above in "Irrigation")
The Irrigation and Drainage of Small Areas (PARD) (see description above in "Irrigation")
External Assistance[edit]
In a recent project from 2004 to 2007, the World Bank and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) co-sponsored a Costa Rica Water sector modernization project aimed at improving water coverage, quality and sustainability. JBIC committed $160 million and also supported the Costa Rica government with "special assistance for project formation" which in practice was a comprehensive project preparation study.[14]
The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) has various projects currently approved or in the implementation phases. Examples include a national plan for water resources management that was completed in 2005 and a water and sanitation project that is still being implemented as of 2010. The water resources management project supported the Costa Rica Government in implementing national water policies aimed at improving integrated water resource management strategies, increasing revenue generated from water, and decreasing poverty. The water and sanitation project is creating an investment program for the municipal level of government.[15]
Water users fees[edit]
Excerpts below taken from: Water supply and sanitation in Costa Rica
Water and sewer tariffs in Costa Rica are approved by the regulatory agency ARESEP and instituted by AyA, the water and sewer agency for Costa Rica. Revenues from user fees do not cover operation and maintenance costs and the financial situation of the sector is weak. Furthermore, tariff levels do not allow for full cost recovery. In the case of AyA, there are cross-subsidies from San José to the other urban and rural areas of the country. The tariff is set based on short term cash flow needs rather than on real economic costs of service provision. AyA requests tariff increases when its financial situation is precarious and not a result of long-term investment planning. The regulator, ARESEP tends to approve a partial percentage of these requests.
Water rates and fees for maintenance of irrigation systems are set by the National Irrigation and Drainage Service (SENARA). The water is not paid for by volume but per unit of area irrigated as in the case of DRAT above. As a contractual agreement with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Costa Rica initiated a tariff adjustment by net area irrigable. The tariff adjustments are designed to increase investment recovery, improve operation and maintenance, is an incentive for the efficient use of water resources strengthen and strengthen water administration.[2]
Ramsar wetland sites in Costa Rica[edit]
Chatham beach on Cocos Island.
In 2008 the Interdisciplinary Program of Research and Management of Water (PRIGA) of the National University of Costa Rica, in collaboration with the Program for the management of the River Basin Morote, organized a meeting with representatives of the National University and other national entities that are struggling with management of water resources. The goal was to discuss wetlands and their importance to water resources management, and participate in presentations on projects about research and management of wetlands and water resources in general.[16]
Ramsar sites in Costa Rica[edit]
Costa Rica has the most Ramsar sites out of all the countries in Central America with eleven total sites.[16]
Caño Negro - 9,969 ha
Cuenca Embalse Arenal - 67,296 ha
Gandoca-Manzanillo - 9,445 ha
Humedal Caribe Noreste - 75,310 ha
Isla del Coco - 99,623 ha
Laguna Respringue - 75 ha
Manglar de Potrero Grande - 139 ha
Palo Verde MR - 24,519 ha
Tamarindo - 500 ha
Terraba-Sierpe - 30,654 ha
Turberas de Talamanca - 192,520
(Source: Ramsar 2009)
Potential climate change impacts[edit]
Costa Rica's tropical landscape
Work completed in 2008 by a team of researchers from the University of Massachusetts Amherst Climate System Research Center indicates that highland forests in Costa Rica could be seriously affected by any future changes in climate, reducing the number of species in a region famous for its biodiversity. Regional climate models predict that the area would become warmer and drier if climate change occurred. As the elevation increases from sea level to the mountains, differences in temperature and precipitation caused by elevation create an array of distinct ecosystems stacked on top of each other, each one housing a unique biological community. A doctoral candidate with the Amherst Climate System Research Center noted, "if carbon dioxide levels double, this region will not only experience an increase in temperature of more than five degrees F, but all future temperatures will likely be higher than the complete range of present-day temperatures. In addition, the model simulation indicates that high elevation Pacific slopes and the Caribbean lowlands will receive up to 30% less precipitation. Simulations also indicate an overall increase in the height of the cloud base of up to 300 meters.[17]
List of rivers of Costa Rica
^ Source: FAO Aquastat 1988-2008
^ a b c d e FAO (2000). "Aquastat country overview: Costa Rica" (in Spanish). FAO. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
^ a b c d e f Espinoza A.; Morera A.; Mora D.; Torres R. (2003). "Calidad del agua potable en Costa Rica: Situación actual y perspectivas" (PDF) (in Spanish). Organización Panamericana de la Salud. pp. 4–32. Retrieved 02-03-2010. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m BALLESTERO M.; REYES V.; ASTORGA Y. (2000). "Groundwater in Central America: Its Importance, Development and Use, with Particular Reference to Its Role in Irrigated Agriculture" (PDF). International Water Management Institute. pp. 100–128. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
^ a b AQ Online (2009). "Nicaragua-Costa Rica Tensions Flare Up Over Water Rights". Americas Quarterly AQ. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
^ Huijgevoort, S.V. (2009). "Costa Rica can use the San Juan River freely". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
^ CIA (2008). "CIA World Factbook". CIA. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
^ "Lake Arenal Dam". Arenal.net. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
^ The Power Plants Around the World (2008). "Hydroelectric Plants in Costa Rica". The Power Plants Around the World. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
^ SENARA (2010). "Servicio Nacional de Aguas Subterráneas, Riego y Avenamientos" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2010-02-02.
^ AyA (2010). "Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2-3-10. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
^ ARESAP (2010). "Autoridad Reguladora de los Servicios Públicos" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2010-01-28.
^ MINAE (2010). "Ministerio de Ambiente y Energia" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2010-02-02.
^ World Bank (2004). "COUNTRY ASSISTANCE STRATEGY FOR THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA". Retrieved 2010-02-02.
^ Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) (2010). "National Plan of Water Resources Management". IDB. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
^ a b Ramsar (2008). "Encuentro Día Mundial de los Humedales: "Humedales Sanos, Gente sana"" (PDF) (in Spanish). Ramsar. Retrieved 2-09-10. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
^ Science Daily (2008). "Could Climate Change Impact Costa Rica? New Study Says Yes". Science Daily. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
SENARA
ARESEP
MINAE
Costa Rica articles
San José (capital)
Pre-Columbian history
New Granada
Captaincy General (Guatemalan)
Federal Republic of Central America
Free State of Costa Rica
First Costa Rican Republic
Liberal State
Civil War (1948)
Reform State
Deputies
Chief Justices
Colón (currency)
Water resources management in Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean
Aruba1
Dependencies not included. 1 Defined as a semi-autonomous territory.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_resources_management_in_Costa_Rica&oldid=884515503"
Water resource management by country
Water in Costa Rica
This page was last edited on 22 February 2019, at 03:55 (UTC).


text:
The Week Ahead: Christian Media Summit in Jerusalem, Kushner arrives in Israel, "Davos In The Desert" in Riyadh, and more. What are the major events happening in Israel & the region this week? Here's an inside look.
October 28, 2019 By joelcrosenberg in Epicenter
(Jerusalem, Israel) — What are some of the key events that will be happening here in Israel and throughout the region in the week ahead? And what are some key events you may have missed from last week? Here's an inside look.
What's Ahead?
Monday, October 28 — White House Senior Advisor Jared Kushner is in Israel today. He is expected to meet in Jerusalem with Prime Minister Netanyahu, then separately with former IDF chief of Staff Benny Gantz. Joining Kushner is Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and other administration officials. Among the topics for discussion: the (apparently) soon-coming roll-out of the Trump Peace Plan. (see report in The Jerusalem Post)
All week — Israeli Blue & White Party leader Benny Gantz and his team continue coalition negotiations to form a new government. The clock is ticking. Gantz has only 23 days left, and little progress has been made so far.)
Tuesday, October 29 — The "Davos In The Desert" Conference on energy, technology and investment begins at the Ritz Carlton Hotel in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Senior Saudi officials will speak, as will CEOs and investment bankers from around the world. Senior Trump administration officials expected to attend include Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, Energy Secretary Rick Perry, White House senior adviser Jared Kushner, and former Treasury undersecretary David Malpass, who now serves as the president of the World Bank. The Prime Minister of India is also expected to speak, as is the President of Brazil. The conference will run through Thursday, October 31. (see "scoop" — including day-to-day schedule — from Axios)
Sunday, November 3 — The 3rd annual Christian Media Summit, organized and hosted by Israel's Government Press Office, kicks off in Jerusalem with gala event at the Friends of Zion Museum. Speakers include Prime Minister Netanyahu and US Ambassador to Israel David Friedman. Christian journalists, broadcasters, authors and media executives from all over the world will attend. Invitation only. (see Summit website)
Monday, November 4 — Christian Media Summit, Day Two. I am scheduled to be one of the speakers at the Summit, held at The Orient Hotel in Jerusalem. (see Summit website)
Tuesday, November 5 — Christian Media Summit, Day Three. Attendees will travel to various parts of Israel for on-site tours and lectures. (see Summit website)
Wednesday, November 6 — Christian Media Summit, Day Four. On the final day of the Summit, attendees will meet with Israeli President Reuven Rivlin at the presidential Residence in Jerusalem. (see Summit website)
What Might I Have Missed Last Week?
Yesterday was International Religious Freedom Day. (see statement by Secretary Pompeo)
Over the weekend, the leader of ISIS was tracked down and killed by US special forces (see Flash Traffic Report)
Last week, Netanyahu failed to form a government and the mandate passed to rival Benny Gantz (see Flash Traffic Report)
Last week, Turkey invaded northern Syria, the Kurds felt abandoned by the US, and some prominent Evangelical leaders expressed frustration with President Trump (see Flash Traffic Report)
Last week, Saudi Arabia appointed a new Foreign Minister — Prince Faisal Bin Farhan Al Saud. (see report and brief profile in Gulf News)
Early on Sunday morning, Israelis turned our clocks back an hour. We are now six hours ahead of Washington, DC and New York City (not the usual seven.)
Please pray for the peace of Jerusalem, for peace and calm in Syria, for protection for the Kurds, for a new and stable unity government in Israel, for wisdom and mercy on each of the leaders in the region and their families, and for the Church in the Epicenter to be bold and courageous in walking with Jesus, teaching the Word of God and proclaiming the good news.
« BREAKING: Genocidal ISIS leader al-Baghdadi killed by US special forces in Syria. Here's what we know at this hour.
It's time for Israel to appoint an Ambassador to the Christian world & establish a Commission on Religious Freedom. (My latest column for The Jerusalem Post) »
The @Jerusalem_Post has just published an interesting story by @MaayanJaffe on how Evangelicals are responding to T… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 11 hours ago


I am so glad you are reading this note because now is the perfect time for me to remind you how amazing you are. You truly are a phenomenal creation by God and you have been placed on this earth to revel in your magnificence. You deserve to stand in your power and walk the earth with strength, grace, and passion. Like a magical force, know that you are free to be yourself and unapologetically spread your magic around like confetti!
But as you know, there will be days when people want nothing more for you but a lack of joy and a chance to push you off your throne. It then becomes your duty to stop them, Queen. You must protect your peace and your happiness like your life depends on it, because it does. Remind yourself of your worth, your beauty, your intelligence, and your power. Block any negative vibes that try to divert you from your victory.
You are purposeful, Queen. If there's one thing you should always be willing to take a chance on, it's you. You can make a conscious effort to make your courage outweigh your fears. Despite the struggles you have faced in the past, that you may not have chosen, you sure as hell can choose your strength. When life gets difficult please take a moment to breathe, center yourself by easing your mind, and returning to your power.
God made no mistake when he created you and he wants nothing but the best for you. Believe that and speak love and positivity into your life every day. Practice self-love and affirm the magical life you want for yourself, Queen. You are gift to this world and to everyone you meet. Never apologize for the glitter you leave behind.
Grab this guide and finally end your confusion about writing affirmations that work! Women are calling this an amazing, simple, and effective guide!
Newer PostDoes Your Life Feel Like It's Moving Slower Than Everyone Else's?


This article analyses how one of the aspects of law (little discussed in the literature) is as a series of techniques in practice which facilitate the activities of the current model of capitalism. Commonalities are drawn between traditional trusts law and offshore trusts law enabling tax avoidance; company law and the extraction of value from businesses (as with BHS); how corporate governance failures in UK company law enable the avoidance of personal liability (as with Carillion and Enron), and their comparison with the regulation of banks; and how the concept of 'industrial democracy' set out in the 1970s enables a different way of modelling these legal techniques. This article prefaces in a little more detail the work of the Corporate Governance Policy Review which I am leading for the British Labour Party in 2018.