Justice Democrats Research Team | LEADS: HALEY ZINK and LINDSEY KELLY; VOLUNTEERS (who put in hundreds of hours to make this report possible): Fernando Arista, Nick Benoit, Joe Cheray, Matthew Darring-Yerk, Jamilah Elder, Josh Finkelstein, Kevin S. Grant, Bob Jacobson, Marin Kirk, Anirudh Madadi, Michael Henry Miller, Matt Morris, Jodi Newell, Emily Reck, Steven Rodriguez, Leigh Schmitt, Sylvia Szucs, Jackson Todd, Thierry Valat, and Asia Zanders.
Special Thanks | JONATHAN COHN, who knows every roll call vote ever recorded; CHRISTOPHER SKOVRON, whose MRP estimates of opinion were instrumental in making this report possible; and MAX BERGER, who initially brought together this project.
The Democratic Party is at a crossroads as the 2018 election approaches.
Generic ballot polling, historical trends, and recent special elections suggest that Democrats will perform well in November, likely enough to take back the House of Representatives.
But which Democratic Party will take the House?
Will it be a Democratic Party ready to combat plutocracy, white supremacy, and militarism, or a Democratic Party ready to be complicit in continuing the policies that have harmed so many Americans? While pundits debate the future of the party, the Democratic Party's base is united around policies that would create a fair economy for all, racial justice, and gender equality. Still, many in the party leadership and wealthy donor class express concerns that such policies will endanger the party.
This report tackles these questions head on, demonstrating with polling data that the Democratic Party's base has moved left, and voters are ready for a progressive agenda. Though the party elites may be "divided" the base is not; they are ready for unabashed progressive politicians.
This report shows that a pivot toward the "center" is poison with the Democratic primary electorate, using historical data to show the increasing liberalism of Democratic voters on core progressive values.
This report shows that marginal voters and nonvoters support key progressive policies and could form a durable base for the Democratic Party.
This report shows that many Democratic incumbents are failing their constituents by opposing progressive policies with broad-based support.
The Democratic base is ready for multi-racial populism.
More than 90 percent of Democratic primary voters support a tax on millionaires and increased regulation on banks. Eighty-six percent of Democratic primary voters support a government guarantee of health care. Eighty percent support the government taking actions to reduce inequality.
Eighty-five percent of Democratic primary voters support a path to citizenship, and nearly 1 in 5 believe that it should not involve any penalties. For the first time since it's been polled, a majority of white Democrats are more likely to blame discrimination than "willpower" for racial inequality.
It's time for a new nonvoter revolution.
Nonvoters preferred Clinton to Trump 53/44.Full turnout would have lead to a Democratic Presidential victory in 2016.
Nonvoters and marginal voters are more supportive of progressive policies. For example, 68 percent of nonvoters support increased regulation of big banks, compared to 52 percent of consistent voters.
Democrats can win elections without rejecting their base.
The general public supports key, over-the-horizon Democratic priorities, from marijuana legalization and ending mandatory minimums to a $15 minimum wage and single-payer health care.
Medicare for All and a $15 minimum wage are popular in purple states across the country.
Many Democrats reject policies supported by the general public in their states and districts.
Ninety-two percent of Democrats in the House represent districts where modeled support for repealing the Hyde Amendment is greater than 55 percent, but only 70 percent of House Democrats support repealing the Hyde Amendment.
Sixty-seven percent of Democrats in the Senate represent states where modeled support for Medicare for All is greater than 55 percent, but only 33 percent of Senate Democrats support Medicare for All.
As they anticipate a wave election in 2018, many Democratic strategists have looked back fondly to 2006, when Rahm Emanuel was credited with shepherding the party to victory by recruiting business-oriented centrists to run in swing districts.
This narrative has two key flaws.
To begin, it's unclear how much credit Emanuel deserves; models that were based on economic fundamentals and Presidential popularity predicted Democrats would pick up roughly the number of seats they did. More importantly, the voters of 2006 are not the same voters as the voters of 2018. In 2004, 65 percent of Democratic voters were white; in 2016,57 percent are.
On key issues of racial justice and economic inequality, the Democratic base of 2018 rejects centrism.
Many Democratic consultants and party leaders are still stuck in the 80s and 90s. Scarred from decades of being hit as "tax-and-spend liberals" concerned about "amnesty, acid, and abortion," these party stalwarts worry that the party might be on the wrong side of racial justice. In The Atlantic, Peter Beinart argued that Hillary Clinton would have won the Presidency if she had gone to the University of California and rebuked them for calling the phrase "melting pot" a microaggression. In The New York Times, Mark Penn urged Democrats to move to the center and give up on defending sanctuary cities. In New York Magazine, Andrew Sullivan claimed that Ed Gillespie had a "killer instinct" for embracing anti-immigrant rhetoric, and that Democrats were committing "political suicide" by refusing to demonize immigrants. Gillespie, of course, lost the Virginia Gubernatorial election by 9 points and Democrats have gained 8 percentage points on voter trust on immigration over the last year.
These sentiments may have made sense in the past, when many white Democrats held anti-immigrant and anti-black views, but they don't make sense anymore. Democratic voters, Democratic primary voters, and the emerging Democratic base all reject this Third Way style of dog-whistle politics. Over the past several years, there has been a dramatic leftward shift among Democratic voters on a wide range of issues.
The chart below shows that 2016 was the first year on record in which more white Democrats attributed racial inequality to discrimination, rather than lack of willpower among black people.
This change has also occurred on immigration; Democrats are more supportive of a path to citizenship than ever before. The days in which Rahm Emanuel could tell the Democratic Party to "claim and achieve record deportations" are now gone. In 2006, Harold Ford Jr. and Jim Webb ran for congress unabashedly on anti-immigrant animus. Likewise, in 2010, half a dozen Democratic Senators voted against the DREAM Act. During the 2016 election, establishment Democrats had a powerful reckoning over their support for Wall Street, their role in creating mass incarceration, and the way they gutted the social safety net by supporting welfare reform. There has still been little discussion of the way that Democrats paved the way for mass deportation under Bill Clinton. The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, a cynical attempt to endorse white supremacy for political gain, set the stage for mass deportation by dramatically expanding the share of undocumented immigrants eligible for deportation. However, Democratic voters have moved to the left in recent years.
The 2016 Voter Study Group (VSG) survey is a panel survey involving the same participants, in both 2011 and 2016, allowing for an examination of shifting attitudes towards immigration policy by Democrats over the past several years. In 2011, half of consistent Democrats (who were Democrats in both surveys) said immigrants were mostly a contribution to society and 34 percent said they were a drain. By 2016, 67 percent of those same Democrats said immigrants were mostly a contribution, with 21 percent saying immigrants are mostly a drain. In the 2011 survey, 74 percent of consistent Democrats supported a path to citizenship, compared with 84 percent in the 2016 survey.
This is consistent with other data sources. According to the American National Election Studies 2016 survey, Democratic primary voters are increasingly in favor of immigrant rights. The chart below shows that 85 percent of Democratic primary voters support some path to citizenship, with nearly 1 in 5 embracing the most radical version, in which all undocumented immigrants are able to apply for citizenship, with no penalties.
The progressivism of the base is being driven by the rise of mobilized racial justice groups like Black Lives Matter and the "Dreamers." Many young voters have warmer feelings toward movements like Black Lives Matter than towards established Democratic politicians. For instance, according to the American National Election Studies 2016 survey, young Democrats had similar feelings towards Black Lives Matter and Hillary Clinton. Older voters favored Clinton more, but still had positive feelings towards Black Lives Matter.
During the 2006 elections, Webb also warned the "activist Left and cultural Marxists" engaged in "what might be called the collectivist taming of America, symbolized by the edicts of political correctness." That year, nearly a dozen Senate Democrats voted to make English the official language of the United States and centrists like Harold Ford Jr. openly demonized immigrants.
Democratic voters won't tolerate dog-whistle politics, anti-immigrant rhetoric, and mass deportation.
Democratic primary voters support a populist progressive agenda. The days are long gone when a message proclaiming 'the end of big government' could win a Democratic primary.
From the 1970s to the aughts, a constant war was waged within the Democratic Party about how to address inequality, unions, and banks. In the 90s, the ascendant Clintonite wing argued that to win elections, Democrats should move right and become the party of small government.
Under Clinton, long-standing New Deal policies and programs were dismantled and throughout the last three decades, inequality has increased unabated. As recently as 2010, Obama was willing to countenance cuts to Social Security as part of a "grand bargain" on entitlements. Some Democrats, like Senators Tom Carper (DE) and Mark Warner (VA), remain open to such a deal.
Centrist Democrats will find little support from the Democratic base, where increasing government spending, reducing inequality, guaranteeing health care, regulating banks, and taxing millionaires are all supported by more than 4 in 5 primary voters. Despite the fact that more than 90 percent of Democratic primary voters support increasing regulation on banks, sixteen Democrats voted with Republicans to decrease regulations on banks in the 115th Congress.
In a range of spending areas, Democratic primary voters support increases in government spending, and overwhelmingly reject cuts to government. Despite the fact that dozens of Democrats have signed on to support Social Security cuts, only 3 percent of Democratic primary voters support such cuts, and fully 68 percent support an increase to Social Security spending.
Democratic primary voters support a populist progressive agenda that ties racial justice to progressive economic populism. The days are long gone when a message proclaiming "the end of big government as we know it," could win a Democratic primary.
Political scientists are increasingly skeptical of the ability of campaigns to persuade voters. An increasingly large body of research suggests that election outcomes are determined far more often by different levels of mobilization.
For instance, examining validated vote data from the American National Election Studies dataset, only 34 percent of individuals who identify as Democrats voted in all three elections between 2012 and 2016, as well as 17 percent of Independents and 42 percent of Republicans. Only 10 percent of Democrats voted for Trump and only 8 percent of Republicans voted for Clinton.
The path to victory is energizing and delivering to the base. Yet far too often, Democratic campaigns are designed to win over mushy milquetoast (and mythical) moderates, rather than excite the base.
A study by political scientist Seth Hill finds that, "Swing voters contribute on average 4.1 percentage points to change in party vote shares, while change in turnout influences outcomes by 8.6 points." In other words, the impact of mobilization on the electorate is about double the impact of persuasion.
In a paper analyzing 49 field experiments, political scientists Joshua Kalla and David Broockman have shown parties have little capacity to persuade, but that campaigns can do much to mobilize voters, noting that, "our partner canvassing organization had effects of nearly 2.5 percentage points on turnout in the 2016 Presidential election." The path to victory then, is energizing and delivering to the base. Yet far too often, Democratic campaigns are designed to win over mushy milquetoast (and mythical) moderates, rather than excite the base.
Democrats have correctly blamed gerrymandering for their woes, but another key issue is that the voters that prefer them simply were not mobilized in 2016.
But the 2016 election is only a snapshot: and not all nonvoters are the same.
Some of those who didn't vote in 2016 had previously participated in elections. To explore marginal voters, we analyzed the number of elections an individual voted in between 2012 and 2016. A person could vote in a maximum of three and minimum of zero. Individuals are about equally divided by group: 35 percent of adults voted in no elections, 30 percent voted in either one or two, and 35 percent voted in all three. Net Democratic support was calculated for each group (Democratic share minus Republican share). As the chart below shows, nonvoters and marginal voters have a preference for Democrats while the most consistent voters have a preference for Republicans. Democrats will do better if they get individuals who voted in only one election (mostly 2012) to become excited and turn out.
There are deep demographic divides between who are marginal and nonvoters.
While 66 percent of those who voted in none of the elections are white and 73 percent of those who voted in one or two elections are white, 83 percent of those who voted in all three elections are white. Only 30 percent of individuals who voted in all the elections between 2012 and 2016 make less than $50,000, compared to 57 percent of those who voted in no elections and 44 percent of those who voted in only one election. A bit more than a third of those who voted in none or one elections were under 30, compared to 6 percent of those who voted in three elections.
Nonvoters or marginal voters are not just broadly more supportive of Democratic political candidates, they are also more supportive of key progressive priorities. To show this, we used the American National Election Studies to estimate support for progressive policy by the number of elections an individual had voted in from 2012 to 2016.
As the following chart shows, individuals who voted in none of the elections between 2012 and 2016 were more liberal on a wide range of issues than individuals who voted in all three elections. Pundits often critique the left for being too optimistic about the potential of nonvoters, but the data suggest that progressives would benefit the most from mobilizing people who show up infrequently, in one or two elections.
As the chart below shows, the preferred candidate of the poor was no-one, with nearly 1-in-2 not voting. Schumer was correct that Democrats performed well with the wealthy, but those voters make up a tiny, albeit influential, sliver of the electorate. These low-income nonvoters would overwhelmingly prefer Democrats if they voted, and would have been more than enough to shift the election outcome in favor of Democrats.
Poor voter turnout from low-income voters was at least partially for lack of trying, as data from the Cooperative Congressional Election Studies 2016 show. The chart below shows reported contact rates by income. Even when examining only individuals who were matched to a voter file, or matched to a voter file and registered Democratic in a swing state (people we would expect Democrats to contact), there are deep class divides in reported contact. Among registered Democrats living in a swing state* earning less than $50,000, 65 percent reported contact, compared to an 80 percent contact rate among Democrats living in a swing state earning more than $100,000.
Democrats also struggled to mobilize people of color, with Black turnout dropping off dramatically from 2012, and persistent racial gaps in turnout remaining. One possible cause is lack of aggressive mobilization. As the chart below shows, even when examining only individuals who are registered as Democrats, there were racial disparities in contact. There is also strong evidence that descriptive representation (young people, people of color, and women holding political office) increases turnout.
The political implications of turnout are now well established in the academic literature. We can examine historical expansions of the voting electorate to explore the impact of increasing the voices of women and people of color. One study suggests that women's suffrage increased government revenue and expenditures on children, as well as more liberal voting among congressional representatives. Another finds that women's suffrage, by boosting government spending on health, reduced child mortality by 8-15 percent, preventing 20,000 child deaths annually. A study of the abolition of literacy tests for voter registration shifted the distribution of government funds to areas with larger black populations.
The federalist nature of American democracy provides a "laboratory" which social scientists have used to study the impacts of turnout. In earlier studies, political scientists Kim Hill and Jan Leighley found that states with a more pronounced class bias of turnout tend to have lower rates of social welfare spending. Other research shows more obvious partisan implications. A study by political scientist Anthony Fowler finds that, compared to off-cycle gubernatorial elections, on-cycle elections "increase turnout by 17.4 percentage points and the Democratic candidate's vote share by 6.4 percentage points." Another study established that full turnout in 2008 and 2010 would affect many Senate and Gubernatorial elections, weakening the blows that Democrats face in those midterm elections. Given the implications of these victories, it's important to consider: Hundreds of thousands of people may lose healthcare because of Matt Bevin's 2015 victory in Kentucky, and his embrace of right-to-work could easily cost Democrats future elections. The rise of right-to-work may have cost Clinton two states (Michigan and Wisconsin) and could further entrench Republican state-level power.
As the chart above shows, young, low-income people of color are far less likely to vote than older, rich people and this gap is particularly accentuated during midterm elections.
Mobilizing nonvoters and drop-off voters would create more space for a progressive agenda.
It's clear that the Democratic base is ready for a more progressive party, and that mobilizing nonvoters and winning back the Obama coalition are a key path forward for Democrats.
Even so, many commentators still warn that the party might face an electoral backlash if they embrace their base.
Politicians from both parties dramatically overestimate the conservatism of the voters they represent.
However, there is hope; research from political scientists Daniel Butler and David Nickerson suggests that when politicians are given accurate polling about their constituents, they move to align their policies with constituents.
Examining policies such as the minimum wage and racial justice, as well as tax policy, we find that Democrats are wrong to target the mushy middle. In fact, there is durable and consistent support for even over-the-horizon progressive policies across the country. Voters reject mandatory minimums, which have inflamed mass incarceration. Voters also reject the Hyde Amendment, an unnecessary limitation on a woman's right to choose. Voters are more than ready for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to take action on climate change and new investment in infrastructure.
In addition to national support for these issues, we used the multilevel regression and poststratification model developed by think tank Data for Progress to model state level support for two key over-the-horizon policies: a $15 minimum wage and Medicare for All.
First, Data for Progress estimated support for Medicare for All using data provided by the Kaiser Family Foundation, and found high levels of support across the country, with 54 percent support in the median state. There are 42 states and the District of Columbia in which modeled support for Medicare for All is greater than 50 percent. In the two where progressives are most aggressively pushing Medicare for All, New York and California, we estimate 63 percent support and 62 percent support respectively. Even in states where Medicare for All is least popular, support is still reasonably high, with 45 percent of individuals in Wyoming and 46 percent of Utahns supporting Medicare for All.
Second, using data from the Pew Research Center, Data for Progress estimated support for a $15 minimum wage, which ranges from 92 percent support in the District of Columbia and 74 percent in Maryland to 34 percent in Wyoming. In the median state, modeled support was 54 percent and there are 33 states and District of Columbia in which support is greater than 50 percent. There is more variation in support for a $15 minimum wage than with Medicare for All, but it is still popular in the vast majority of states.
*Despite having similar support in the median state as Medicare for All, our estimate of the number of majority states is lower because support for the $15 minimum wage is more polarized geographically.
For the purposes of modeling support accurately, individuals who didn't know were included in the model, a relatively conservative assumption. Both Medicare for All and a $15 minimum wage have majority support, even including individuals who didn't express a preference, indicating durable support for both policies.
In most states, Democrats can embrace progressive policies like a $15 minimum wage and Medicare for All. Despite widespread support for these policies, many Democrats have remained staunchly in the past.
Many Democrats vote more conservatively than a generic Democrat would be expected to vote.
To examine House Democrats who are most out of line with others on key progressive priorities, Justice Democrats volunteers compiled data on the voting records of every Democrat on the twelve key issues.
For those who did not co-sponsor these bills, or were not in Congress at the time, we sought to find public support on their campaign page. If unavailable, we reached out to their office or used publicly available comments in the press, in social media, or on the candidate's website. We erred on the side of generosity when we could.
For each representative we created a "generic Democrat" based on a logistic model using Trump's margin in the district, the share of their district that is white, the share of their district with a college degree, the median income of their district, and, when available, modeled support for the relevant policy in their district.
For each representative we ran a model without them in the dataset, and estimated the probability of them supporting the policy. We then compare this modeled generic Democrat to their actual voting record. For individuals who do not support the policy, we code it as "very likely" that a generic Democrat would support the policy if the low end of the 95th percent confidence interval is below 50 percent. We code as "likely" if the predicted probability of support is above 50 percent, otherwise, they are coded as "unlikely" to support the policy.
To be clear, this is a relatively conservative way to judge whether a Democrat should have supported the legislation—we are comparing them to observed behavior of other congress members, rather than what they plausibly do.
There is evidence that Democrats misperceive their electorate and could move left on many issues. However, even with these relatively conservative assumptions, we still find evidence that many Democrats are to the right of where they could be.
All of these Democrats represent districts Clinton won by at least 20 points, but do not currently support Medicare for All. On average, Clinton won their districts by 44 percentage points.
Our model suggests that a generic Democrat representing fourteen other Democratic districts would also support Medicare for All. If every member who currently does not support Medicare for All, but who the model predicts would support it, were replaced, support for Medicare for All would increase from 63 percent of the House Democratic caucus to 78 percent of the House Democratic Caucus.
With the exception of Ron Kind, all of these Representatives hail from districts Clinton won. On average, Clinton won these districts by 22 points.
Our model suggests another four Representatives would be likely to support a $15 minimum wage (see appendix on page 30.) If every member who currently does not support a $15 minimum wage, but who the model predicts would support it, were replaced, support for a $15 minimum wage would increase from 87 percent of the House Democratic caucus to 97 percent of the House Democratic Caucus.
By replacing every member who currently does not support repealing the Hyde Amendment but who the model predicts a generic Democrat would be likely or very likely to support, support for repealing the Hyde Amendment would increase from 70 percent of the House Democratic caucus to 92 percent of the House Democratic Caucus.
Examining all issues, we performed a relatively simple experiment: what would happen if the most conservative Democrats (relative to their electorates) were replaced by generic Democrats representing their electorates.
The chart below shows the results of this experiment. For some issues, very little changes, because there is so little support among incumbent Democrats that our model doesn't predict much would change. But on other issues, like a $15 minimum wage, infrastructure modernization, Medicare for All, a path to citizenship and repealing the Hyde Amendment, the model predicts Democrats could be far more progressive, based solely on the voting records of incumbent Democrats. Our model estimates that half of the Democratic caucus would support a millionaire's tax if all Democrats opposed to the policy were replaced by generic Democrats.
Because our model is based on actual voting records, in many cases, our model doesn't predict that many more House members would support a policy. The reason is so few other Democrats support the policy. However, for some of the issues examined, we can analyze modeled support in these districts generated by political scientist Christopher Skovron.
We find that on key issues Democrats across the board are far behind public opinion in their districts. The chart below shows the percent of House Democrats that support each policy, and the share of House Democrats who represent districts where support for the policy is greater than 55 percent.
As the chart above shows, Democrats have quite a bit of space to move left on these issues,particularly issues like ending mandatory minimums and regulating CO2, which have high levels of support.
On other issues, we don't have district level opinion data, but national polling data suggests there is evidence that Democrats are being too conservative. For instance, legal marijuana has rapidly growing support in public opinion surveys, but only 26 percent of House Democrats support it.
For those who had not taken a position on these issues, we sought to find public support on their campaign page. If we could not find this, reached out to their office or used publicly available rhetoric. We erred on the side of generosity when we could.
Our model suggests that if Senators Dianne Feinstein (CA) and Chuck Schumer (NY) were replaced by generic Democrats, those Democrats would be very likely to support Medicare For All. If Tammy Duckworth (IL), Jack Reed (RI) or Richard Durbin (IL) were replaced by generic Democrats, their replacements would be likely to support Medicare for All.
These Democrats represent states Clinton won by more than 15 points. On average, Clinton won their districts by 20 percentage points.
Our model suggests that if Michael Bennet (CO) and Angus King (I-ME) were replaced by generic Democrats, those Democrats would be very likely to support a $15 minimum wage.
Tina Smith entered the Senate shortly before the report was published and has not yet endorsed a $15 minimum wage, but our model would predict that she would support a $15 minimum wage. These Democrats represent states Clinton won by 6 points on average.
The chart below shows the results of this experiment. Support for a $15 minimum wage increased from less than two-thirds of Senators to four-fifths. Support for a tax on Wall Street increased from 39 percent of the causus to a bit more than half.
In addition to the Skovron state-level MRP estimates, we can compare Senate behavior to the Data For Progress modeled support for Medicare for All and a $15 Minimum Wage maps above.
In every state represented by a Democratic Senator, there is 55 percent or greater support for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulating carbon dioxide, but only five Senators have supported the 100 by '50 plan to transition the United States to renewable energy.
Eighty-six percent of Democratic Senators represent states where support for repealing the Hyde Amendment is 55 percent or greater, yet some like Tim Kaine have still expressed support for the Hyde Amendment (57 percent of Virginians oppose the Hyde Amendment).
Three in four Senators represent states with 55 percent support for a $15 minimum wage.
And more than two-thirds of Senators represent states where more than 55 percent of people support Medicare for All, but only one in three support Medicare for All.
We did not analyze mandatory minimums, because the issue is not currently on the agenda in the Senate, though we find broad public support: in every state represented by a Democratic Senator, support for ending mandatory minimums for non-violent crimes is greater than 55 percent. In the average state represented by a Democrat, support is 69 percent.
We also examined support for three key environmental policies nationally: fuel efficiency standards, a renewable fuel mandate, and allowing the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate CO2. All of these policies have greater than 60 percent support in the median state, with fuel efficiency standards garnering 74 percent in the median state.
According to the American National Election Studies 2016 survey, 72 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of Independents, and 45 percent of Republicans (excluding individuals who said they didn't know) support legalizing marijuana.
Legalizing marijuana is also popular with individuals under 40, with 74 percent supporting legalizing marijuana, compared with 53 percent of those 40 or older. More than 4 in 5 young Democrats support legal marijuana and even young Republicans are supportive (61 percent). In addition, private polling of deep red districts suggests that even there, legal marijuana garners strong support.
There's little evidence that a progressive agenda would alienate voters, but it could build the party of the future.
Democrats need a party that includes the millions of Obama to nonvoters to win in 2018.
For too long the Democratic Party has tried to adopt the rhetoric of white supremacy and the policies of plutocrats.
No more. The time for half-measures is over.
For full citations and Senate and House Appendices, please download the full report.
Thank You: Jonathan Cohn, who knows every roll call vote ever recorded. Christopher Skovron, whose MRP estimates of opinion were instrumental in making this report possible. Max Berger who initially brought together this project. Most importantly, Haley Zink, Lindsey Kelly, and the volunteers who put in hundreds of hours to make this report possible: Fernando Arista, Nick Benoit, Joe Cheray, Matthew Darring-Yerk, Jamilah Elder, Josh Finkelstein, Kevin S. Grant, Bob Jacobson, Marin Kirk, Anirudh Madadi, Michael Henry Miller, Matt Morris, Jodi Newell, Emily Reck, Steven Rodriguez, Leigh Schmitt, Sylvia Szucs, Jackson Todd, Thierry Valat, and Asia Zanders.


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Life without Computers: How Modern Life Would be Different
Present in nearly all aspects of human life, from the smallest to the largest; computers are used by nearly all individuals and organizations ranging from pupils in classification to doctors in hospitals and even the civil servants who work in the government offices. With so much established on computers today, it is difficult to contemplate simply how difficult life without computer systems would be. In this research paper, the role that computers play in human lives nowadays will be highlighted with the aim of depicting how different human existence would have been without them.
Life except Computers
According to Pontes, Szabo & Griffiths (19), computers permeate all spheres of human existence and is therefore integral to daily functions. As such, life without computers would pose great challenges for modern humans. Had there been no computers, communication would have been very inefficient and largely ineffective. Computers help to connect people instantly, enabling humanity to conquer both time and space. Without computers, it is likely the humanity would still be reliant on the old undesirable methods of communication such as the use of letters or other traditional means which were often prone to delay and which caused serious time lags in the process of communication. The mobile phones in use today, the hundreds of millions of emails that are sent each day, and the billions of tweets, Facebook and Instagram posts, would all be absent without computers. Essentially none of the aspects that allow us communicate would exist, reducing the overall scope and magnitude of interactions between and among humans.
It is difficult to imagine just how complicated the access of information (for whatever purpose) would be in the absence of computers. For one, it is obvious that individuals, be they students or just information users, would acquire that which they need without the aid of computers. Presently, computers confer upon all humans the ability to access limitless information with the click of a button. Through computers, the storage, manipulation and retrieval of information is made easy; without such computers, it is likely, as () asserts, that the process of storage of information would be difficult, involving the use of bulky papers – possible manipulation and retrieval would be even more arduous. Additionally, it would be difficult to safeguard such information in the case of a fire, flood or intentional acts of sabotage such as theft or vandalism unlike the case with the use of computers which allow individuals to back-up information over forward looking technological inventions such as the clouds.
Education, to a large extent has today become reliant on the use of computers. In the absence of computers, it is difficult to imagine how education would be. It is likely that the access of information during instruction would be much more inefficient than it is today as Pellas (159-161) succinctly notes. The completion of assignments and their presentation would all prove more difficult and involving for the learner in the absence of computers. Some aspects of learning such as distance learning would also be absent without computers. Record keeping in schools would also be much more tedious without computers as he responsible individuals would be forced to use papers.
Hospitals are equipped with high technology gadgets which are critical to the process of healthcare delivery. In a world where no computers exists, it would be difficult to carry out many of the functions in healthcare from administration, to support for treatment programs and methods, to scheduling and even billing. Record keeping and coding, as Winner (51) posits, which also depend on the use of computers would be rendered difficult and inefficient; errors and mistakes in record keeping for patients and coding of conditions and ailments would likely arise due to inefficiency, a fact that might endanger lives in the healthcare facilities.
Today, the entertainment sector relies to a big extent on the use of computers, from the production of content, to its modification and even distribution. In a world where there are no computers, it is likely that the creation, modification and distribution of content would be very difficult as Boellstorff (31) alleges. Avenues through which much content is accessed and delivered tot eh consumer today such as the internet would not be present without computers, complicating the way in which humans consume such content. Access to information that then informs education and entertainment, would be very difficult without computers; rendering the results unsatisfactory. Further, organizations and entities such as the government or private sector players all rely on the use of computers to confer efficiency, ease and reliability in the process of service delivery. In the absence of computers, it is clear that the ability of such entities to deliver services to clients would be hampered and rendered inefficient and tiresome.
In a world where each aspect of life is heavily reliant on the use of computers and the internet, it is near impossible to fully contemplate the absence of the gadgets. Without computers, it is clear that all aspects of human life today would be affected from the provision of healthcare to the access to education and the consumption of entertainment content. Access to, storage and retrieval of information, as well as the delivery of services by organizations would be greatly hampered and rendered difficult, unreliable and inefficient.
Boellstorff, Tom. Coming of Age in Second Life: An Anthropologist explores the Virtually Human. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, (2015): 28-41.
Pellas, Nikolaos. "The Influence of Computer Self-Efficacy, Metacognitive Self-regulation and Self-esteem on Student Engagement in Online Learning Programs: Evidence from the Virtual World of Second Life." Computers in Human Behavior 35 (2014): 157-170.
Pontes, Halley M., Attila Szabo, and Mark D. Griffiths. "The Impact of Internet-Based Specific Activities on the Perceptions of Internet Addiction, Quality of Life, and Excessive Usage: A Cross-Sectional Study." Addictive Behaviors Reports 1 (2015): 19-25.
Winner, Langdon. "Technologies as Forms of Life." Ethics and Emerging Technologies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, (2014): 48-60.
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Is Continued Learning from the Internet Effective?
The aim of this assignment was to provide a case about how the internet affects learning, intelligence, memory, attention, and thought. The paper is based on...
Indian EducationCritical ThinkingTeacherHomeworkCollege TuitionStudent

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When Do I Need an Advocate or Attorney?
Hiring an advocate or attorney may, at some point, be something you need to consider. An advocate can be part of your support team at a lower cost while an attorney helps if you need to review the law or maybe are not satisfied with the services your district is offering.
This session discusses when and where an advocate or attorney can be helpful.
His small-town roots shaped his belief in the strength of a community-based approach to life and work. In law school, Rich quickly focused his studies on advocating and assisting some of our most vulnerable members of society. Children are a society's most valuable asset and ensuring students have equal access to an education quickly became a calling for Rich.
Should I Hire an Advocate?


How long can 'Super' LeBron James mask Cavaliers' crippling defensive weakness?
LeBron James stared up at the scoreboard in Bankers Life Fieldhouse, at a 25-point deficit, before retreating with his teammates to the locker room. The likelihood of the Cavaliers winning Game 3 of their first-round series against the Pacers was small — 1.2 percent, according to ESPN Stats and Information.
Behind a turbocharged James, the Cavaliers mounted the largest halftime comeback in NBA postseason history, winning 119-114. The 32-year-old poured in a 41-point triple-double, scoring 28 second-half points. He either scored or assisted on 73 points, the highest single-game total of his playoff career, which consists of 203 games.
In total, LeBron finished the opening round with robust averages of 32.8 points, 9 assists, 9.8 rebounds and two blocks per contest. If that assist total seems high, it's because it's the most he's ever averaged in an opening round playoff series. His averages in points and blocks are the second highest of his first-round playoff career, his average in rebounds the third highest.
Considering his age, workload, production and efficiency, it was arguably the most impressive first-round series of LeBron's career.
So, why didn't the Cavaliers blast the Pacers into oblivion in Round 1? Why was every game a slog? Simple: Cleveland's defense has been terrible.
As The Washington Post's Neil Greenberg noted, the Cavaliers entered the postseason allowing 108 points per 100 possessions, the worst defensive rating of any LeBron-led team. It only got worse, with the Cavaliers allowing 111 to Indiana, a squarely middle-of-the-pack offensive unit.
According to defensive efficiency, it was the third worst playoff series of LeBron's career.
The Cavaliers allowed one point per possession in the opening round, according to data provided by Synergy Sports, which ranks ninth among playoff teams. Just one team this postseason is allowing more points per possession to ballhandlers in pick-and-roll situations (1.075), continuing a trend that has plagued the Cavaliers all season. This is largely because Cleveland has no true rim protector and Kyrie Irving is one of the worst pick-and-roll defenders in the league, allowing 0.956 points per possession during the regular season and ranking in the 19th percentile among primary pick-and-roll defenders. He was — somehow — even worse in the opening round, surrendering 1.188 points per possession and ranking in the 12th percentile. Indiana point guard Jeff Teague easily and repeatedly gashed Irving's high-screen-and-roll defensive coverage, easing into midrange jumpers and finding running mates racing toward the rim.
This is worrisome for Cleveland moving forward, considering Toronto, a team that led the entire league in points scored by pick-and-roll ballhandlers, potentially awaits in the second round.
In its opening series, Cleveland found success double-teaming ballhandlers during pick-and-roll possessions, but the team might want to tailor that approach, considering the Raptors are scoring 0.812 points per possession when the defense traps, the second highest scoring rate of any postseason team.
Worth noting is, outside of Cleveland, Toronto is the deepest, most experienced remaining team in the Eastern Conference.
Additionally, while Cleveland was a top-half defense against jump shots throughout the regular season, only two teams this postseason are allowing more points per possession than the Cavaliers on those looks (1.04). Indiana was gift-wrapped 15.5 field goal attempts per contest where the primary defender was more than 6 feet away from the shooter — shots that NBA.com defines as wide open.
These defensive deficiencies are partially why in Game 3, LeBron played the final 14 minutes, 29 seconds without the help of Kyrie Irving and Kevin Love. Despite the two all-stars riding the pine, Cleveland outscored Indiana by 18 in the game. Asking LeBron to shoulder the load on both ends of the floor — he leads all postseason players in minutes, has the second highest playoff usage rate and is defending 11.5 shots per game, the highest mark of any Cavalier — could produce a breaking point.
Irving and Love's shortages weren't exclusive to the defensive side of the floor, either. Both players' averages in efficiency dropped in the opening round relative to the regular season. Irving's true-shooting percentage spiked to 58 during the regular season, 0.3 percentage points shy of a career high. However, it dropped to 50 in the opening round, and he shot a putrid 21.9 percent from beyond the arc. Love, whose per-game scoring output dropped from 19 to 15.5, slashed his turnovers during the regular season to produce a turnover rate of 10.9 percent, right around his career average. In the opening round of the series, it spiked to 16.5 percent.
The addition of ball-hawking defenders like P.J. Tucker and Serge Ibaka has only bolstered the Raptors' ability to smother opponents. Toronto generates 17.4 percent of its total points by forcing turnovers, a percentage that leads all active postseason teams. Dwane Casey's club ranks no lower than third in points allowed per possession this postseason in overall defense, half-court defense, pick-and-roll ballhandler defense and isolation defense. In short, it won't be any easier for Irving and Love to find a rhythm in the second round.
Defensively, it'll be difficult for LeBron to continue carrying the burden of Irving, who ranks in the 10th percentile this postseason in overall defense as defined by points allowed per possession (1.25). Deron Williams, however, has been a serviceable backup, playing well in his place. Love has had his struggles, but still ranks in the top-half percentile of all postseason players in post-up and spot-up defense.
Cleveland's eyes remain on another championship, but the defense must improve as the postseason progresses. This team might not be able to withstand another defensive performance like what unfolded in the opening round, considering that among the remaining Eastern Conference teams, Toronto, Washington, Milwaukee and Boston all ranked in the top 13 in offensive efficiency. As it often goes, though, much will depend on how far LeBron can carry this roster.


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Press Agilesphere hires senior Digital Specialist as part of accelerated growth
LONDON–(BUSINESS WIRE)–September 4, 2018–
Agilesphere, a partnership of talented experts dedicated to helping clients with their digital transformation through strategy, coaching and delivery, announced today that Jane Such is joining the team as Client Principal. The appointment marks another step in the recent accelerated growth of the business.
Jane Such will be leading on Agilesphere's work with the Ministry of Justice. With 30 years' experience across multiple domains, she joins from Certeco where she was Delivery Director.
On her appointment, Jane said, "The culture and energy at Agilesphere attracted me, along with its openness to continually improve and innovate. I relish the opportunity to experience what it's built already and to be involved in future positive change."
"Their values of cooperation, fairness, creativity and experience played a huge part in my decision to join the team. I could sense the values as soon as I met the team – they do what they say."
Jeremy Renwick, Agilesphere CxO, said, "With a diversity of experience in making sure quality in the entire system delivery lifecycle and thought leadership in emerging digital trends, Jane is a forward thinking and highly versatile professional. We're delighted to welcome her to the Agilesphere team.
"Having performed a similar role before with the added breadth of digital delivery experience, Jane's extensive technical, process and management experience will make sure Agilesphere continues to scale while improving the quality of services provided."
This appointment results from a growth in business, including a strong demand from the private sector, and follows the appointment of Gemma Riddick in the new role of Talent Acquisition. Working closely with the partners, Gemma will be overseeing Agilesphere's recruitment process, managing stakeholder relationships and supporting and expanding the Agilesphere community.
Gemma said: "I admire Agilesphere's reputation and felt drawn to the company's ethos. With Agilesphere growing so quickly, it's an exciting time to make sure our expanding community encompass our values."
Agilesphere is a 100-strong community of experienced consultants who specialise in using agile techniques and working practices to transform services, organisations and society for the better. The organisation has supported a diverse range of government and private sector organisations in delivering transformational change at scale.


Just wanted to chime in here and let everyone know that we are investigating the connection issues that people have been reporting. There is an issue on our end and we are working hard to find the root cause of the problem.We are aware that service has been inconsistent, which is frustrating for our users. I can assure you that we are working to stabilize the experience as soon as we can.Thank you all for your patience and detailed bug reports!


text:
Olav Kruithof
Game Development Work
The Delivery
The game is heavily inspired by FTL, you sacrifice parts of your ships as you progress through the story to reach the end jump point.
This game was my first ever submission to Ludum Dare 43 and thus was made in a period of 72 hours as it was made during the Jam.
What Did I Do?
This was a solo Jam for Ludum Dare 43 so I did everything my self that I was capable of doing. This meant doing everything except for the audio and music.
You can play The Delivery here.


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Le SERSIM - Service des systèmes d'information de la Marine française - était un service de soutien qui mettait en œuvre les orientations relatives aux systèmes de traitement et de transport de l'information définies par le Chef d'Etat-Major de la Marine (CEMM), sous l'autorité duquel il était placé.

Le SERSIM a intégré en 2008 la DIRISI.

Cette intégration marque la fin de l'indépendance de la Marine Nationale en matière de réseaux d'infrastructure. Cette indépendance avait déjà été réduite au fil des ans par la main mise de plus en plus grande de la DGA sur ce domaine.
Il participait à la satisfaction des besoins terrestres de la Marine dans ce domaine et exerçait son action en cohérence avec les décisions prises pour la coordination des systèmes d'information et de communication au sein du Ministère de la Défense.

Il assurait l'acheminement de l'information selon les objectifs définis par le chef d'état-major de la marine.
Il exercait parfois ses attributions au profit d'autres organismes du ministère de la défense comme les implantations maritimes de la DCN ancêtre de NavalGroup mais aussi des autres armes (Air principalement pour des missions de courte durée dans des bases aéronavales).

Il mettait à la disposition du chef d'état-major de la marine son expertise en télécommunications et les moyens nécessaires au maintien en condition opérationnelle des systèmes de transport et de traitement de l'information en fonction des objectifs de disponibilité fixés par le chef d'état-major.

Il participait à ce titre à la définition des règles générales du maintien en condition opérationnelle :

 des systèmes de traitement et de transport de l'information relevant d'un programme d'armement,
 des composants de systèmes de traitement et de transport de l'information dont le maintien en condition opérationnelle relevait des compétences d'autres organismes du ministère de la défense.

Le service des systèmes d'information de la marine contribuait à l'adaptation des organisations et des méthodes de travail de la Marine aux technologies de l'information et de la communication.
Le service des systèmes d'information de la marine contribuait à l'intégration dans les forces maritimes des systèmes de traitement et de transport de l'information de la marine et du ministère de la défense. Cette contribution consistait, au vu des conditions d'emploi opérationnel et aéro-maritime, en des réalisations complémentaires, des adaptations et interconnexions, des réglementations et actions de maintien en condition opérationnelle et d'exploitation.
Ces actions étaient étendues, en tant que de besoin, aux théâtres d'opérations extérieures.
Le service des systèmes d'information de la marine exerçait en matière d'acquisition, de maintien en condition opérationnelle et d'exploitation, pour les systèmes d'information et de transport de l'information, les fonctions, les moyens et les infrastructures associées, les compétences définies par arrêté du ministre de la défense.

Le service des systèmes d'information de la Marine (SERSIM) était constitué d'une direction centrale (DCSIM) basée à Houilles (78), et de quatre directions régionales (DIRSIM) basées à Paris, Cherbourg, Brest et Toulon. Le service comprenait environ 1300 personnels, principalement civils statutaires et une vingtaine d'ingénieurs militaires issus de la DGA. Il était alternativement commandé par un Amiral (2S) et un IGT (Ingénieur Général de Télécommunications).

Le SERSIM était issu d'une autre entité, le SERTIM (Service des Transmissions d'Infrastructure de la Marine) organisé autour de sept pôles principaux, Brest, Toulon, Houilles, Colombes, Cherbourg, Lorient et Rochefort et d'une direction centrale basée à Paris près de la Tour Eiffel.

Quatre implantations outremer et dans les TOM complétaient ce dispositif (Dakar, Nouméa, Fort de France et Papeete).

Ce service prend de manière plus lointaine son origine sous Vichy avec l'appellation BnR (Bureau non Radio). Il est créé en 1942.

Informatique de l'armée française
Marine française

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Hesburgh-Yusko Scholars Program was inspired by the legacy of the late Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh, C.S.C., president of the University of Notre Dame from 1952 – 1987. Father Hesburgh was an eminent educator and tireless advocate of social justice whose extraordinary commitment to make a difference in the world forever changed the University of Notre Dame.
We invite you to learn more about the extraordinary life of Father Hesburgh at http://hesburgh.nd.edu/.


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Crewe care village chosen to host one of three national care events
A COMMUNITY village in Crewe has been named as one of just three centres across the country to host a national care event.
Ellie Cullen
Belong Crewe, on Brookhouse Drive, is hosting a 'Come to Tea' roadshow today and tomorrow (Sept 28-29) organised by the National Association for Providers of Activities for Older People (NAPA).
It aims to help support staff to learn ways of engaging residents, and making effective use of volunteers and relatives.
Belong Crewe manager Melanie Saywell said: "We're looking forward to showing off Crewe's newest community village to care professionals from all parts of the country.
"We said this village would put Crewe on the map in terms of advanced support for older people because it benefits from innovative design and has person-centred support techniques at its heart, aimed at giving people choice and independence."


text:
The 2023 FC Dallas season will be the Major League Soccer club's 28th season and second under head coach Nico Estévez. FC Dallas will also be participating in the third edition of the Major League Soccer and Liga MX Leagues Cup tournament as well as the 108th edition of the U.S. Open Cup.

Background

Transfers

In

|}

Draft picks

Out

|}

Club

Roster
As of March 17, 2023.

Out on loan

Competitions

Preseason

MLS

Western Conference standings
Western Conference

Overall standings

Results summary

Results by round

Regular season
Kickoff times are in CDT (UTC-05) unless shown otherwise

Leagues Cup

South 4

Statistics

Appearances
Numbers outside parentheses denote appearances as starter.
Numbers in parentheses denote appearances as substitute.
Players with no appearances are not included in the list.

''

Goals and assists

Disciplinary record

Goalkeeper stats

Kits

References

FC Dallas seasons
2023 in sports in Texas
2023 Major League Soccer season


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TechJuice > Startups > TPL e-Ventures to invest in Pakistan's first messaging app — TelloTalk
TPL e-Ventures to invest in Pakistan's first messaging app — TelloTalk
By Faisal Saeed on
TPL e-Ventures company with an aim to boost digitization of Pakistan's economy has entered into an investment and partnership deal with TelloTalk's homegrown social and corporate messaging app. Both company's plan to introduce a local messaging app, that will allow people to communicate, share content, transfer payments and transact with businesses.
Ali Samer, the CEO of TPL e-Ventures said that Pakistan is a home for amazing young and talented minds and the TelloTalk's app is an incredible example of the existence of that talent in the country. He said that the platform focuses to counter the shortcomings of global social media apps by providing privacy and security through local hosting of its technology stack. The TelloTalk messenger app was announced in June 2015.
He stated, "Pakistan, with a young and burgeoning population of over 200 million, can leapfrog into the digital age by adopting a local platform like TelloTalk."
In addition to the mainstream text, voice and calling features the app provides organized content in Urdu, English, Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, and Balochi among other regional languages. With the live TV feature, users can watch Pakistani dramas live and can listen to desi tunes on live radio function. The apps also have a built-in media player to watch local songs, videos and Islamic content without having to switch to another application.
TPL e-Ventures is a recent project by Pakistan's popular tech company, TPL Corp. This venture was started with an aim to invest in various startups across industries to build and support high potential entrepreneurs in the country.
Shahbaz Jamote, CEO of TelloTalk said that he is very excited and looking forward to collaborating with TPL to unlock new possibilities. TelloTalk messenger app is available on both Google Play Store and Apple Store online.
Pakistan TelloTalk TPL
In conversation with Dr. Bushra Anjum on data and gender equity
PUBG gets banned in yet another South Asian country


Our Hideaway Spa Villa is tucked away in the corner of the resort, but the kangaroos will still come and visit! For added luxury, this villa features a beautiful spa tub to relax in after a fun filled day in the park. A one-bedroom self-contained Villa sleeping 4, with a Queen Bed in living area and bunk bed in the bedroom. Features include: ensuite bathroom with spa bath; fully equipped kitchen with hot plates, large fridge/freezer, microwave and dining table; leather lounge; reverse cycle air conditioning; TV; DVD; and outdoor deck with seating. Linen and towels supplied, please bring pool towels.


James Own Sullivan -The Rev-. . Wallpaper and background images in the Avenged Sevenfold club tagged: avenged sevenfold the rev jimmy rat head the reverend tholomew plague.
This Avenged Sevenfold photo might contain capispalla, overclothes, capospalla, usura del tempo libero, abbigliamento sportivo, strada, città scena, ambiente urbano, scena della via, città, and urbano impostazione.


Students rally for a higher minimum wage — and for better salaries for adjunct professors. Three local students will appear on "Shark Tank" to promote a lotion for sweaty hands. A popular end-of-year drinking game raises concerns.
The "Fight for $15" campaign came to UNC and Shaw University Wednesday, where hundreds gathered.
As the nationwide activism continues for higher wages, two local restaurants have already decided to pay their workers more.
One landfill in Catawba County converts the methane given off from trash into usable energy.
A group of UNC and Duke students will appear on "Shark Tank" to raise money for an antiperspirant for hands.
The owner of Bull City Cidery is using crowdfunding platform Kickstarter to save his business.
The popular game encourages students to drink at nine bars in one night.
UNC student Holland Gallagher is more than meets the eye, as he also produces music under the name Gentleman Contender.
The Carolina Union Activities Board is holding a special event tonight: a concert with hip-hop due Rae Sremmurd.
Hicks is the alleged gunman in the February shooting at Finley Forest Condominiums that left three people dead.


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David Cronenberg's MAP TO THE STARS Finds Julianne Moore and John Cusack
Production kicks off this July.
It has been announced that Julianne Moore ('The Seventh Son,' 'Carrie'), John Cusack ('Cell,' 'Grand Piano'), Robert Pattinson ('Queen of the Desert,' 'The Rover,' 'Cosmopolis') and Sarah Gadon ('An Enemy,' 'Belle,' 'Cosmopolis') are all set to star 'Maps to the Stars,' the upcoming thriller from award-winning director David Cronenberg.
From a provocative original screenplay by noted Los Angeles author and screenwriter Bruce Wagner ('Wild Palms,' 'A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors'), the film is both a haunting ghost story and a scathing attack on the celebrity-obsessed society of LA.
'Maps to the Stars' will be produced by Cronenberg's long-time collaborator Martin Katz of Prospero Pictures and Entertainment One with SBS Productions' Saïd Ben Saïd. Cronenberg's manager Renee Tab of Sentient Entertainment is on board to serve as executive producer. Integral Films' Alfred Hurmer will co-produce. Filming on the project is scheduled to begin this July in Toronto and Los Angeles.


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ALL PRODUCTS PROUDLY MADE IN USA
Orders Over $99 Qualify for Free Standard Shipping - *Limited to the lower 48 states*
St. Louis Burglary Suspect Shot Twice By 65-Year-Old Homeowner
Posted by jhingarat21 on 21st Oct 2015
Every day we're seeing examples of defensive gun use being reported in the United States, and today is no different as a 65-year-old woman shot a would-be burglar in the leg in the garage of her St. Louis home.
According to the Associated Press, the shooting took place a few nights ago in the city's Dutchtown neighborhood. The homeowner was with her son when the two heard the alarm go off.
The two went to the garage, where they encountered the 55-year-old suspect rummaging through a pile of bags.
By this point, the homeowner had grabbed a handgun, which she drew as she told the burglar to leave.
Police said the man turned toward her, and, fearing he was about to start a physical confrontation with her, she opened fire. The suspect then began fighting with the homeowner's son, and the homeowner fired another shot.
As KTVI reports, the suspect was found with a gunshot wound to each leg later in a neighbor's yard. He was transported to an area hospital and is currently in stable condition.
Police said charges will not be filed against the 65-year-old homeowner.
55-year-old suspect
65-year-old woman
defensive gun
KTVI reports
shot a would-be burglar in the leg
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BTS' 'Map of the Soul' Tour to Likely Undergo Schedule Changes Amid Coronavirus Concerns
Natasha Reda Published: March 24, 2020
Dia Dipasupil, Getty Images
BTS' Map of the Soul tour will most likely be postponed due to the coronavirus crisis.
On March 24, Big Hit Entertainment released an announcement regarding possible schedule modifications to the group's 2020 world tour amid the global COVID-19 pandemic. In a lengthy statement, the company said they're "closely monitoring the situation" but that they anticipate they'll have to make changes.
You can read Big Hit Entertainment's official statement in full, below:
This is Big Hit Entertainment.
We would like to provide you with an update of the preparations for BTS MAP OF THE SOUL TOUR.
We are closely monitoring the situations in the countries and cities that are part of our upcoming tour. With the global spread of COVID-19, in some countries and cities, the level of unpredictability is becoming higher to prepare for the shows. As a result of the current global circumstances, we anticipate having to make changes to the current tour schedule.
Any cancellations or rescheduling will be based on a policy of full cooperation with the guidance and directives of national and local governments and concert venues to ensure the health and safety of everyone. We are making every effort to proceed with the planned performances where possible, however, details on any changes will be provided separately for each region.
We are also developing plans to secure dates and venues to hold BTS MAP OF THE SOUL TOUR – SEOUL Concerts when the situation stabilizes. We ask for your understanding as we continue to strive to deliver a new and better-than-ever experience for the BTS MAP OF THE SOUL TOUR to all of our fans who have undoubtedly been disappointed by recent cancellations.
We will continue to place the highest priority on the health and safety of our artists and fans and do our utmost to keep the promises we made to our fans. Once again, we ask for your generous understanding and support from all our fans looking forward to the BTS MAP OF THE SOUL TOUR.
BTS' Map of the Soul tour was originally set to begin in the group's hometown of Seoul, South Korea on April 11, 12, 18, and 19, but the concerts were cancelled due to COVID-19 concerns.
50 Photos of BTS Being Unbearably Talented and Handsome
Source: BTS' 'Map of the Soul' Tour to Likely Undergo Schedule Changes Amid Coronavirus Concerns
Filed Under: BTS
Fans React to Portrait of BTS' Jimin on Display in the Louvre
Anderson .Paak Performs With BTS on Proof Livestream – Watch
BTS ARMY Reacts to Superstar Group's Show-Stopping Spy-Themed Grammys Performance
Showstopping 2022 Grammys Red Carpet Fashion Moments
Here's Where BTS, Lady Gaga, Ariana Grande and More Are Sitting at the 2022 Grammys
Machine Gun Kelly Wants BTS to Perform at His Wedding to Megan Fox — Here's Why
How to Get Tickets to BTS' Las Vegas Residency
BTS Member V Just Smashed Two Guinness World Records


What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of LAN?
Local area networks let families, school, businesses and other entities connect their computers, but they are complex. They make administration simple, and they are customizable. However, they can be difficult to secure appropriately.
In many ways, LANs are similar to the Internet as a whole. They are built on open standards, and the lack of proprietary software and communication standards means that licenses and other costs are not required. Their technology has been proven to be scalable and durable, and few believe they will be replaced by other technology.
Their flexibility, however, also makes them complex, and medium and large networks generally require expert maintenance. The setup process, in particular, is daunting. LAN technology was designed to scale to large networks, and setting it up requires knowing a number of IT topics that require significant experience. Many experts argue, however, that this complexity is unavoidable. There are tutorials that help lay people set up basic functional networks.
The technology used in LANs is designed to be open, which sometimes leads to security problems. By default, all network requests are sent, and vulnerable computers are easy to target. If a particular computer on a LAN is not adequately protected, the networking infrastructure can do little to protect it.
What Are Some Advantages and Disadvantages of a Virtual Office?


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Visa Volunteers Return to Washington Redskins Charitable Foundation Back to School Fair
Visa employee volunteers provided financial education resources to elementary-aged students at the 2018 Back to School Fair presented by the Redskins Charitable Foundation. Volunteers shared Visa's financial literacy games, apps and resources, included Peter Pig's Money Counter, Your Money Your Future, Financial Football, and more. The fourth annual Redskins Back to School Fair serves families in the D.C. Metro Area by providing information, services and supplies to prepare elementary-aged students for the upcoming school year. These services include dental exams, school physicals, haircuts, school supplies, backpacks, books and more.
Visa employee volunteers participated in the fourth annual Back to School Fair presented by the Redskins Charitable Foundation where they shared Visa's financial literacy resources with students.
Students at the Back to School Fair played Visa's Peter Pig's Money Counter, a game for kids to learn how to count, sort and identify coins.
Families from the D.C. Metro Area participated in the Back to School Fair, which provided information, services and supplies to prepare elementary-aged students for the upcoming school year. .
A student plays Visa's Financial Football game at the 2018 Back to School Fair presented by the Redskins Charitable Foundation.
Elementary students learned financial basics with the help of Visa's personal finance materials and Visa volunteers at the Back to School Fair.
Visa employee volunteers helped students practice their money skills with Peter Pig's Money Counter app.
A student at the Back to School Fair presented by the Redskins Charitable Foundation plays Visa's personal finance games.
Employee volunteers from Visa showcased Visa's financial literacy resources at the Back to School Fair with D.C. Metro Area students.
Families from the D.C. Metro Area attended the back to School Fair to receive information, services and supplies to prepare their elementary-aged students for the upcoming school year.
Visa employee volunteers demoed Visa's financial literacy materials, including Financial Football, Peter Pig's Money Counter, Your Money Your Future, and more.
Browse highlight pages


Euro-CIDES are pleased to announce that their organisation will host a LSCI Training Session in Bordeaux (FR) from September 04 to 10, 2016. Euro-CIDES kindly ask you to have a look to the Application Training LSCI presentation and to forward the offer to all persons who could be involved in conflicts with inmates in social or/and education postures.
This LSCI training session is also published on EPALE platform. Please be kind to follow this link.
If you need to submit application for EU grants to be able to participate, please be kind to come back to Euro-CIDES no later than January 24, 2016 as ERASMUS+ deadline is February 02, 2016.


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package org.jrimum.bopepo.campolivre;

import static java.lang.String.format;
import static java.math.BigDecimal.ZERO;
import static org.jrimum.domkee.financeiro.banco.febraban.Banco.isCodigoDeCompensacaoOK;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.jrimum.bopepo.BancosSuportados;
import org.jrimum.domkee.financeiro.banco.ParametroBancario;
import org.jrimum.domkee.financeiro.banco.febraban.Titulo;
import org.jrimum.texgit.type.FixedField;
import org.jrimum.texgit.type.component.BlockOfFields;
import org.jrimum.utilix.Objects;
import org.jrimum.utilix.text.Strings;

/**
 *

 * Esta classe é responsável por determinar a interface campo livre e também
 * determinar qual implementação de campo livre se aplica a um determinado
 * título.
 *

 *
 *

 * Uma outra forma de analisar esta classe é sob o prisma de uma Abstract
 * Factory.
 *

 *
 *

 *

 *
Field Livre:
 *
É um espaço reservado no código de barras e a sua implementação varia de
 * banco para banco.

 *

 *

 *
 *
 * @author Gilmar P.S.L
 * @author Misael Barreto
 * @author Rômulo Augusto
 * @author Lukas
 *         Antunes - Colaborador com o banco Intermedium (077)
 * @author Fernando Dias -
 *         Colaborador com o banco Rural (453)
 * @author Paulo Porto -
 * 		   Colaborador com o Banco do Nordeste do Brasil (004).
 * @author Fabiano Carrijo -
 * 		   Colaborador com o Banco Citibank (756).
 * @author Douglas Ramiro -
 * 		   Colaborador com o Banco de Brasília (070).
 *
 * @since 0.2
 *
 * @version 0.2
 */
abstract class AbstractCampoLivre extends BlockOfFields implements CampoLivre {

	/**
	 * {@code serialVersionUID = 4605730904122445595L}
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 4605730904122445595L;

	/**
	 * Looger.
	 */
	private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(Objects.class);

	/**
	 * Nosso número com 7 posições.
	 */
	static final int NN7 = 7;

	/**
	 * Nosso número com 8 posições.
	 */
	static final int NN8 = 8;

	/**
	 * Nosso número com 9 posições.
	 */
	static final int NN9 = 9;

	/**
	 * Nosso número com 10 posições.
	 */
	static final int NN10 = 10;

	/**
	 * Nosso número com 11 posições.
	 */
	static final int NN11 = 11;

	/**
	 * Nosso número com 14 posições.
	 */
	static final int NN14 = 14;

	/**
	 * Nosso número com 15 posições.
	 */
	static final int NN15 = 15;

	/**
	 * Nosso número com 17 posições.
	 */
	static final int NN17 = 17;

	/**
	 * Subclasses não precisam definir o tamanho.
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unused")
	private AbstractCampoLivre(Integer fieldsLength, Integer stringLength) {
		super(null,null);
	}

	/**
	 * Cria um campo livre com um determinado número de campos
	 *
	 * @param fieldsLength
	 *            - Número de campos
	 */
	protected AbstractCampoLivre(Integer fieldsLength) {
		super();
		setLength(CampoLivre.STRING_LENGTH);
		setSize(fieldsLength);
	}

	/**
	 * Cria um campo livre a partir dos dados contidos no título fornecido.
	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *            com todos os dados para a geração do campo livre
	 * @return instância de campo livre ou nulo.
	 * @throws NotSupportedBancoException
	 *             Caso o banco informado na conta bancária não tenha nenhuma
	 *             implementação de campo livre.
	 * @throws NotSupportedCampoLivreException
	 *             Caso exista implementações de campo livre para o banco
	 *             informa na conta bancária, mas nenhuma dessas implementações
	 *             foram adequadas para os dados do título.
	 * @throws CampoLivreException
	 *             Caso ocorra algum problema na geração do campo livre.
	 */
	protected static CampoLivre create(Titulo titulo) throws NotSupportedBancoException,
			NotSupportedCampoLivreException, CampoLivreException {

		if (log.isTraceEnabled()){

			log.trace("Instanciando Campo livre");
		}
		if (log.isDebugEnabled()){

			log.debug("titulo instance : " + titulo);
		}

		try{

			checkTituloNotNull(titulo);
			checkContaBancariaNotNull(titulo);
			checkBancoNotNull(titulo);

			if (log.isDebugEnabled()){

				log.debug(format("Campo Livre do Banco: %s", titulo.getContaBancaria().getBanco().getNome()));
			}

			if (BancosSuportados.isSuportado(titulo.getContaBancaria().getBanco().getCodigoDeCompensacaoBACEN().getCodigoFormatado())) {

				final BancosSuportados banco = BancosSuportados.suportados.get( titulo.getContaBancaria().getBanco().getCodigoDeCompensacaoBACEN().getCodigoFormatado());

				switch (banco) {

					case BANCO_BRADESCO: return AbstractCLBradesco.create(titulo);
					case BANCO_DO_BRASIL: return AbstractCLBancoDoBrasil.create(titulo);
					case BANCO_DO_NORDESTE_DO_BRASIL: return AbstractCLBancoDoNordesteDoBrasil.create(titulo);
					case BANCO_ABN_AMRO_REAL: return AbstractCLBancoReal.create(titulo);
					case CAIXA_ECONOMICA_FEDERAL: return AbstractCLCaixaEconomicaFederal.create(titulo);
					case HSBC: return AbstractCLHSBC.create(titulo);
					case UNIBANCO: return AbstractCLUnibanco.create(titulo);
					case BANCO_ITAU: return AbstractCLItau.create(titulo);
					case BANCO_SAFRA: return AbstractCLBancoSafra.create(titulo);
					case BANCO_DO_ESTADO_DO_RIO_GRANDE_DO_SUL: return AbstractCLBanrisul.create(titulo);
					case MERCANTIL_DO_BRASIL: return AbstractCLMercantilDoBrasil.create(titulo);
					case BANCO_DO_ESTADO_DO_ESPIRITO_SANTO: return AbstractCLBanestes.create(titulo);
					case BANCO_RURAL: return AbstractCLBancoRural.create(titulo);
					case BANCO_SANTANDER: return AbstractCLSantander.create(titulo);
					case BANCO_INTEMEDIUM: return AbstractCLBancoIntermedium.create(titulo);
					case BANCO_SICREDI: return AbstractCLSicredi.create(titulo);
					case BANCOOB: return AbstractCLBancoob.create(titulo);
					case CITIBANK: return AbstractCLBancoCitibank.create(titulo);
					case BANCO_DE_BRASILIA: return AbstractCLBancoDeBrasilia.create(titulo);
					case CECRED: return AbstractCLCecred.create(titulo);

					default:
						/*
						 * Se chegar neste ponto e nenhum campo livre foi definido, então é
						 * sinal de que existe implementações de campo livre para o banco em
						 * questão, só que nenhuma destas implementações serviu e a classe
						 * abstrata responsável por fornecer o campo livre não gerou a
						 * exceção NotSupportedCampoLivreException. Trata-se de uma mensagem
						 * genérica que será utilizada somente em último caso.
						 */
						throw new NotSupportedCampoLivreException(
								"Não há implementações de campo livre para o banco "
										+ titulo.getContaBancaria().getBanco()
												.getCodigoDeCompensacaoBACEN().getCodigoFormatado()
										+ " compatíveis com as "
										+ "caracteríticas do título informado.");
				}
			} else {

				/*
				 * Se chegar até este ponto, é sinal de que para o banco em
				 * questão, apesar de estar definido no EnumBancos, não há
				 * implementações de campo livre, logo considera-se o banco com
				 * não suportado.
				 */
				throw new NotSupportedBancoException();
			}
		} catch(CampoLivreException e) {
			/*
			 * Caso seja uma exceção esperada.
			 */
			throw e;

		} catch(Exception e) {
			/*
			 * Encapsula-se qualquer outra exceção.
			 */
			throw new CampoLivreException(e);
		}
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Constrói um campo livre após executar os métodos
	 * {@link AbstractCampoLivre#checkValues(Titulo)} e {@link AbstractCampoLivre#addFields(Titulo)}, retornando em
	 * seguida esta instância pronta para escrita.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @return a instância pronta para escrita
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final CampoLivre build(Titulo titulo) {

		checkValues(titulo);

		addFields(titulo);

		return this;
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Usado pelo método {@link AbstractCampoLivre#build(Titulo)} para verificar a consistência do
	 * campo livre. Se algum inconsistência for verificada, este método deverá
	 * lança-la.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected abstract void checkValues(Titulo titulo);

	/**
	 *

	 * Usado pelo método {@link AbstractCampoLivre#build(Titulo)}, adiciona os campos do campo
	 * livre deixando-o pronto para escrita.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected abstract void addFields(Titulo titulo);

	/**
	 *

	 * Gera o campo livre a parir dos campos armazenados sem verificar se está
	 * compatível com número de fields declarado pelo campo livre. Isso implica
	 * que a string retornada poderá ser menor do que 25 caracteres.
	 *

	 *
	 * @return string a partir dos campos contidos até o momento.
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final String writeFields() {

		StringBuilder campoLivreAtual = new StringBuilder();

		for(FixedField<?> f : this){
			campoLivreAtual.append(f.write());
		}

		return campoLivreAtual.toString();
	}

	/*
	 * Validações inicias.
	 */

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o título não é nulo, senão lança uma {@code
	 * IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	private static void checkTituloNotNull(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo, "Título não pode ser nulo!");
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se a conta bancária do título não é nula, senão lança uma
	 * {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	private static void checkContaBancariaNotNull(Titulo titulo) {

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getContaBancaria(), "Conta bancária do título não pode ser nula!");
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o banco da conta bancária do título não é nulo, senão lança
	 * uma {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	private static void checkBancoNotNull(Titulo titulo) {

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getContaBancaria().getBanco(), "Banco da conta bancária do título não pode ser nulo!");

		boolean expression = isCodigoDeCompensacaoOK(titulo.getContaBancaria().getBanco().getCodigoDeCompensacaoBACEN().getCodigoFormatado());

		Objects.checkArgument(expression, format("Código de compensação [%s] inválido!", titulo.getContaBancaria().getBanco().getCodigoDeCompensacaoBACEN().getCodigoFormatado()));
	}

	/*
	 * Validações para subclasses.
	 */

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se a carteira da conta bancária do título não é nula, senão
	 * lança uma {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkCarteiraNotNull(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getContaBancaria().getCarteira(), "Carteira da conta bancária do título não pode ser nula!");
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o tipo da carteira da conta bancária do título não é nulo,
	 * senão lança uma {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkRegistroDaCarteiraNotNull(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getContaBancaria().getCarteira().getTipoCobranca(), "Tipo de cobrança (COM ou SEM registro) da carteira não pode ser nulo!");
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o código da carteira da conta bancária do título não é nulo e
	 * se é um número > 0, caso contrário lança uma {@code
	 * IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkCodigoDaCarteira(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getContaBancaria().getCarteira().getCodigo(), "Código da carteira não pode ser nulo!");

		boolean expression = titulo.getContaBancaria().getCarteira().getCodigo() > 0;

		Objects.checkArgument(expression, format("Código da carteira deve ser um número inteiro natural positivo e não [%s].",titulo.getContaBancaria().getCarteira().getCodigo()));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o código da carteira da conta bancária do título é um número
	 * menor que ou igual ao limite informado, caso contrário lança uma {@code
	 * IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 * @param limite - Limite máximo permitido
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkCodigoDaCarteiraMenorOuIgualQue(Titulo titulo, int limite){

		boolean expression = titulo.getContaBancaria().getCarteira().getCodigo() <= limite;

		Objects.checkArgument(expression,format("Código [%s] da carteira deve ser um número menor que ou igual a [%s].", titulo.getContaBancaria().getCarteira().getCodigo(), limite));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se a agência da conta bancária do título não é nula, senão lança
	 * uma {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkAgenciaNotNull(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getContaBancaria().getAgencia(), "Agência bancária do título não pode ser nula!");
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o código do número da agência bancária não é nulo e se é
	 * um número > 0, caso contrário lança uma {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkCodigoDaAgencia(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getContaBancaria().getAgencia().getCodigo(), "Código da agência bancária não pode ser nulo!");

		boolean expression = titulo.getContaBancaria().getAgencia().getCodigo() > 0;

		Objects.checkArgument(expression, format("Código da agência bancária deve ser um número inteiro natural positivo e não [%s].",titulo.getContaBancaria().getAgencia().getCodigo()));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o código do número da agência da conta bancária do título é
	 * um número menor que ou igual ao limite informado, caso contrário lança uma {@code
	 * IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 * @param limite
	 *            - Limite máximo permitido
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkCodigoDaAgenciaMenorOuIgualQue(Titulo titulo, int limite){

		boolean expression = titulo.getContaBancaria().getAgencia().getCodigo() <= limite;

		Objects.checkArgument(expression , format("Código [%s] da agência deve ser um número menor que ou igual a [%s].", titulo.getContaBancaria().getAgencia().getCodigo(), limite));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o dígito verificador da agência da conta bancária não é nulo,
	 * não é vazio e se é numérico, caso contrário lança uma {@code
	 * IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkDigitoDoCodigoDaAgencia(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getContaBancaria().getAgencia().getDigitoVerificador(), "Dígito verificador da agência bancária não pode ser nulo!");
		Strings.checkNotBlank(titulo.getContaBancaria().getAgencia().getDigitoVerificador(), format("Dígito verificador [\"%s\"] da agência bancária não pode ser vazio!",titulo.getContaBancaria().getAgencia().getDigitoVerificador()));
		Strings.checkNotNumeric(titulo.getContaBancaria().getAgencia().getDigitoVerificador(), format("Nesse contexto o dígito verificador [\"%s\"] da agência bancária deve ser numérico!", titulo.getContaBancaria().getNumeroDaConta().getDigitoDaConta()));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o número da conta da conta bancária do título não é nulo,
	 * senão lança uma {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkNumeroDaContaNotNull(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getContaBancaria().getNumeroDaConta(), "Número da conta bancária do título não pode ser nulo!");
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o código do do número da conta bancária não é nulo e se é um
	 * número > 0, caso contrário lança uma {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkCodigoDoNumeroDaConta(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getContaBancaria().getNumeroDaConta().getCodigoDaConta(), "Código do número da conta bancária não pode ser nulo!");

		boolean expression = titulo.getContaBancaria().getNumeroDaConta().getCodigoDaConta() > 0;

		Objects.checkArgument(expression, format("Código do número da conta bancária deve ser um número inteiro natural positivo e não [%s].", titulo.getContaBancaria().getNumeroDaConta().getCodigoDaConta()));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o código do número da conta bancária do título é um número
	 * menor que ou igual ao limite informado, caso contrário lança uma {@code
	 * IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 * @param limite - Limite máximo permitido
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkCodigoDoNumeroDaContaMenorOuIgualQue(Titulo titulo, int limite){

		boolean expression = titulo.getContaBancaria().getNumeroDaConta().getCodigoDaConta() <= limite;

		Objects.checkArgument(expression, format("Código [%s] do número da conta deve ser um número menor que ou igual a [%s].", titulo.getContaBancaria().getNumeroDaConta().getCodigoDaConta(), limite));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o dígito verificador do número da conta bancária não é nulo,
	 * não é vazio e se é numérico, caso contrário lança uma {@code
	 * IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkDigitoDoCodigoDoNumeroDaConta(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getContaBancaria().getNumeroDaConta().getDigitoDaConta(), "Dígito verificador do número da conta bancária não pode ser nulo!");
		Strings.checkNotBlank(titulo.getContaBancaria().getNumeroDaConta().getDigitoDaConta(), format("Dígito verificador [\"%s\"] do número da conta bancária não pode ser vazio!", titulo.getContaBancaria().getNumeroDaConta().getDigitoDaConta()));
		Strings.checkNotNumeric(titulo.getContaBancaria().getNumeroDaConta().getDigitoDaConta(), format("Nesse contexto o dígito verificador [\"%s\"] do número da conta deve ser numérico!", titulo.getContaBancaria().getNumeroDaConta().getDigitoDaConta()));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se onosso número do título não é nulo, não é vazio e se é
	 * numérico, caso contrário lança uma {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkNossoNumero(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getNossoNumero(), "Nosso número do título não pode ser nulo!");
		Strings.checkNotBlank(titulo.getNossoNumero(), format("Nosso número [\"%s\"] do título não pode ser vazio!", titulo.getNossoNumero()));
		Strings.checkNotNumeric(titulo.getNossoNumero(), format("Nosso número [\"%s\"] do título deve conter somente dígitos numéricos!", titulo.getNossoNumero()));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o nosso número do título tem o tamanho determinado, caso
	 * contrário lança uma {@code IllegalArgumentException} com a mensagem
	 * <tt>"Tamanho do nosso número [%s] diferente do esperado [%s]!"</tt>.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 * @param length
	 *            - Tamanho que deve ser
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkTamanhoDoNossoNumero(Titulo titulo, int length) {

		checkTamanhoNossoNumero(titulo, length, format(
				"Tamanho [%s] do nosso número [\"%s\"] diferente do esperado [%s]!",
				StringUtils.length(titulo.getNossoNumero()), titulo.getNossoNumero(), length));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o nosso número do título tem o tamanho determinado, caso
	 * contrário lança uma {@code IllegalArgumentException} com a mensagem
	 * determinada.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 * @param length
	 *            - Tamanho que deve ser
	 * @param msg
	 *            - Mensagem para erro
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkTamanhoNossoNumero(Titulo titulo, int length, String msg){

		Objects.checkArgument(titulo.getNossoNumero().length() == length, msg);
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o dígito verificador do nosso número do título não é nulo,
	 * não é vazio e se é numérico (natural positivo), caso contrário lança uma
	 * {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkDigitoDoNossoNumero(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getDigitoDoNossoNumero(), "Dígito verificador do nosso número do título não pode ser nulo!");
		Strings.checkNotBlank(titulo.getDigitoDoNossoNumero(), format("Dígito verificador [\"%s\"] do nosso número do título não pode ser vazio!", titulo.getDigitoDoNossoNumero()));
		Strings.checkNotNumeric(titulo.getDigitoDoNossoNumero(), format("Nesse contexto o dígito verificador [\"%s\"] do nosso número deve ser um número inteiro positivo!", titulo.getDigitoDoNossoNumero()));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o dígito do nosso número do título tem o tamanho determinado, caso
	 * contrário lança uma {@code IllegalArgumentException} com a mensagem
	 * <tt>"Tamanho [%s] do dígito do nosso número [\"%s\"] diferente do esperado [%s]!"</tt>.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 * @param length
	 *            - Tamanho que deve ser
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkTamanhoDigitoDoNossoNumero(Titulo titulo, int length) {

		checkTamanhoDigitoDoNossoNumero(titulo, length, format(
				"Tamanho [%s] do dígito do nosso número [\"%s\"] diferente do esperado [%s]!",
				StringUtils.length(titulo.getDigitoDoNossoNumero()), titulo.getDigitoDoNossoNumero(), length));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o dígito do nosso número do título tem o tamanho determinado, caso
	 * contrário lança uma {@code IllegalArgumentException} com a mensagem
	 * determinada.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 * @param length
	 *            - Tamanho que deve ser
	 * @param msg
	 *            - Mensagem para erro
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkTamanhoDigitoDoNossoNumero(Titulo titulo, int length, String msg){

		Objects.checkArgument(titulo.getDigitoDoNossoNumero().length() == length, msg);
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o valor do título não é nulo e é positivo, caso contrário lança uma
	 * {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkValor(Titulo titulo){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getValor(), "Valor do título não pode ser nulo!");
		Objects.checkArgument(titulo.getValor().compareTo(ZERO) >= 0, format("O valor do título deve ser um número positivo ou zero e não [%s].",titulo.getValor()));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o título contém {@code ParametrosBancariosMap} e se este
	 * contém um valor não é nulo do parâmetro determinado, caso contrário lança
	 * uma {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 * @param param
	 *            Parâmetro a ser validado
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkParametroBancario(Titulo titulo, ParametroBancario<?> param){

		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getParametrosBancarios(), format("O parâmetro bancário [\"%s\"] é necessário! [titulo.getParametrosBancarios() == null]",param));
		Objects.checkArgument(titulo.getParametrosBancarios().contemComNome(param),format("Parâmetro bancário [\"%s\"] não encontrado!",param));
		Objects.checkNotNull(titulo.getParametrosBancarios().getValor(param), format("Parâmetro bancário [\"%s\"] não contém valor!", param));
	}

	/**
	 *

	 * Verifica se o título com o parâmetro informado é um número inteiro menor
	 * que ou igual ao limite informado, caso contrário lança uma
	 * {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
	 *

	 *
	 * @param titulo
	 * @param param
	 *            Parâmetro a ser validado
	 * @param limite
	 *            Limite máximo permitido
	 *
	 * @since 0.2
	 */
	protected final static void checkParametroBancarioMenorOuIgualQue(Titulo titulo, ParametroBancario<?> param, int limite){

		checkParametroBancario(titulo, param);

		int valor = titulo.getParametrosBancarios().getValor(param).intValue();

		boolean expression = valor <= limite;

		Objects.checkArgument(expression, format("Parâmetro [%s] com valor [%s] deve ser um número menor que ou igual a [%s].", param, valor, limite));
	}

	/**
	 * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
	 */
	@Override
	public String toString() {

		return Objects.toString(this);
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Tyrone Jermaine Bearder
Monday, November 29th, 1976 - Friday, January 13th, 2023
To share your memory on the wall of Tyrone Bearder, sign in using one of the following options:
Provide comfort for the family by sending flowers or planting a tree in memory of Tyrone Bearder
Tyrone's Tribute Fund
Please share your favorite memory of Tyrone to be included in a special keepsake book for the family.
Tyrone J Bearder, age 46, passed away unexpectedly at his home on Friday January 13, 2023. He was born November 29, 1976, to Terry Davis and Sherri Bearder.
Survivors include his five children: Kayla from Madison, Tamia from Fox Lake... Read More
Survivors include his five children: Kayla from Madison, Tamia from Fox Lake, Tyrone, Tyra, and Khia from Fall River. Three grandchildren; Kayvanes, Remi and Rue. Sister Michelle. Niece Raeanne, and Christina his girlfriend.
Tyrone is proceded in death by his parents.
A service will be held on Monday, January 23, 2023 at Foster's Funeral home, 4201 East Towne Blvd., Madison, Wisconsin
To send flowers to the family of Tyrone Jermaine Bearder, please visit our Heartfelt Sympathies Store.
Monday, January 23rd, 2023 | 5:00pm - 7:00pm
Monday, January 23rd, 2023 5:00pm - 7:00pm
Foster East
4201 East Towne Blvd
Monday, January 23rd, 2023 | 5:00pm
Monday, January 23rd, 2023 5:00pm
Tyrone Bearder
We encourage you to share your most beloved memories of Tyrone here, so that the family and other loved ones can always see it. You can upload cherished photographs, or share your favorite stories, and can even comment on those shared by others.
Provide comfort for the family of Tyrone Jermaine Bearder by sending flowers.
Dana Gorsuch
So sorry to the family for your loss.
A Memorial Tree was planted for Tyrone Bearder


Preheat oven to 350°. In a large bowl, whisk together first four ingredients; stir in corn, 1-1/2 cups cheese and onion. Transfer to a greased 11x7-in. baking dish.
Toss bread crumbs with melted butter; distribute over casserole. Sprinkle with remaining cheese.
Bake, uncovered, until golden brown and heated through, 35-45 minutes. Let stand 10 minutes before serving.


text:
Marie Hunt
More than 20 years ago, Marie Hunt established the research department at CBRE Ireland, which is now regarded as one of the most authoritative sources of property information in the Irish market. A regular commentator in the Irish media on property matters, Marie produces a range of property market publications and carries out specialist consultancy work on behalf of a broad range of institutional, private and public sector clients of the Irish business. Marie is an Executive Director of CBRE in Ireland and a member of CBRE's EMEA Research board. Marie is a chartered surveyor and a Fellow of the Society of Chartered Surveyors, Ireland. In each of the last two years, Marie has been shortlisted in the Image Magazine Irish Businesswoman of the Year awards.