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You are here: Home / Municipal Law / Regulating Campaign Contributions and Adopting More Restrictive Ethics Provisions
Regulating Campaign Contributions and Adopting More Restrictive Ethics Provisions
ILGL Article
Submitted by Christian G. Spesia
A client presents you with a stack of local ordinances from New Jersey, California and Florida that regulate campaign contributions for municipal elections and asks whether your non-home rule unit can adopt similar regulations. Your immediate response is that absent statutory authority, your non-home rule Village cannot regulate in this area. The client points to his stack of authority and requests a written opinion. The memorandum in response follows. The memorandum does not address the First Amendment issues that are addressed in the seminal case of Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1 (1976) and its progeny.
ISSUES: 1. Whether a Non-Home Rule Municipality Can Adopt An Ordinance Regulating Campaign Contributions?
Whether a Non-Home Rule Municipality Can Amend Its Ethics Ordinance To Include More Restrictive Limitations On Gifts?
ANSWERS: 1. Whether a Non-Home Rule Municipality Can Adopt An Ordinance Regulating Campaign Contributions? No.
Non-home rule municipalities have no authority under Illinois law to regulate campaign contributions. Campaign contributions are regulated by a specific statutory scheme by the State of Illinois. In cases where the state has a statutory scheme in place and no express authority exists for local regulation, the Illinois Supreme Court has consistently held that non-home rule units have no authority to interfere with that statutory scheme. While some other states have allowed their municipalities to enact local ordinances dealing with campaign finance, those municipalities are the equivalent of Illinois Home Rule units.
Whether a Non-Home Rule Municipality Can Amend Its Ethics Ordinance To Include More Restrictive Limitations On Gifts? Yes.
A non-home rule municipality does have implied authority under Illinois law to amend its ethics ordinance to be more restrictive than the state statute. However, the Village should recognize that it cannot ban campaign contributions that comply with the Illinois Election Code as those contributions are expressly excepted from the State Ethics Act's gift ban provisions.
I. Non-Home Rule Municipalities Have No Independent Authority to Limit Campaign Contributions in Illinois.
The Powers Vested in Non-Home Rule Units.
Article VII, Section 7 of the Illinois Constitution states:
Counties and municipalities which are not home rule units shall have only powers granted to them by law and the powers (1) to make local improvements by special assessment and to exercise this power jointly with other counties and municipalities, and other classes of units of local government having that power on the effective date of this Constitution unless that power is subsequently denied by law to any such other units of local government; (2) by referendum, to adopt, alter or repeal their forms of government provided by law; (3) in the case of municipalities, to provide by referendum for their officers, manner of selection and terms of office; (4) in the case of counties, to provide for their officers, manner of selection and terms of office as provided in Section 4 of this Article; (5) to incur debt except as limited by law and except that debt payable from ad valorem property tax receipts shall mature within 40 years from the time it is incurred; and (6) to levy or impose additional taxes upon areas within their boundaries in the manner provided by law for the provision of special services to those areas and for the payment of debt incurred in order to provide those special services. Illinois Const., Art. VII, § 7
Thus, the Constitutional power granted non-home rule authorities is limited to the six (6) enumerated powers outlined above; as well as any powers granted by the state legislature. In addition, the Illinois Supreme Court has held:
The commentary to section 7 notes that this section maintains the concept of Dillon's Rule with respect to non-home-rule units of local government. Dillon's Rule provides that municipalities possess only those powers expressly granted, powers incident to those expressly granted, and powers indispensable to the accomplishment of the declared objects and purposes of the municipal corporation. Pesticide Public Policy Found. v. Wauconda, 117 Ill. 2d 107, 112 (Ill. 1987) (emphasis added).
In regard to issues relating to campaign contributions, Illinois has its own comprehensive statewide statutory scheme. See Illinois Election Code, Article 9, Campaign Contributions and Expenditures, 10 ILCS 5/9-1 et. seq. This statutory scheme requires disclosure of certain contributions and expenditures, but places no limitation on the amount of the contribution. The Election Code specifically does not grant power to non-home rule authorities outside of the requirements of the election code. The legislature has simply not granted additional authority to non-home rule units to pass ordinances on this specific issue.
Illinois Case Law Provides Many Examples of Non-Home Rule Units Exceeding Their Authority and Being Reversed in the Supreme Court.
The Illinois Supreme Court addressed a similar situation in Hawthorne v. Olympia Fields, 204 Ill. 2d 243 (Ill. 2003). In this case, the Village of Olympia Fields, a non-home rule unit, sought to ban day-care homes from operating within the Village limits. The day care home at issue had received a license from the State Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) under the Illinois Child Care Act, 225 ILCS 10/1 et seq.
The Supreme Court held that, because the Village was a non-home rule unit, the Village could not adopt ordinances in opposition to and infringing upon the state statute. The Court found the ordinances conflicted with the Illinois Child Care Act, and held that the license holder was entitled to operate a day care home.
The Court reviewed the law as follows:
In analyzing the relationship between Olympia Fields' zoning ordinance and state law regulating day-care homes, we begin by noting that Olympia Fields is a non-home-rule unit of government. As such, it is governed by Article VII, Section 7, of the Illinois Constitution of 1970 (Ill. Const. 1970, Art. VII, §7). Article VII, Section 7, confers six basic powers on non-home-rule municipalities such as Olympia Fields…
Beyond the foregoing enumerated powers, "municipalities which are not home rule units shall have only powers granted to them by law." Ill. Const. 1970, Art. VII, §7. They have no inherent powers. They may exercise only those powers that the state legislature confers upon them, either expressly or impliedly, by statute.
Hawthorne, 204 Ill. 2d 243, 255 (emphasis added).
The Court applied this legal reasoning to the facts of the Olympia Fields case and reached the following conclusion:
Because it is a non-home-rule unit, Olympia Fields cannot adopt ordinances under a general grant of power that infringe upon the spirit of state law or are repugnant to the general policy of the state. Although the Village possesses zoning powers by virtue of Article 11, Division 13, of the Illinois Municipal Code (65 ILCS 5/11-13-1 et seq. (West 2000)), ordinances enacted under those powers that conflict with the spirit and purpose of a state statute are preempted by the statute. "Where there is a conflict between a statute and an ordinance, the ordinance must give way." Village of Mundelein v. Hartnett, 117 Ill. App. 3d 1011, 1015 (1983).
As detailed earlier in this disposition, the operation of child-care facilities in Illinois is regulated by the state…
Pursuant to its statutory authority, DCFS has promulgated comprehensive regulations governing the physical facilities a day-care home must possess (89 Ill. Adm. Code §406.8 (2002)); the characteristics and qualifications of the home's family, caregivers, assistants and substitute caregivers (89 Ill. Adm. Code §§ 406.9 through 406.11 (2002)); the number and ages of children the home may serve (89 Ill. Adm. Code §406.13 (2002)); the opportunities for daily activity the home must provide to the children (89 Ill. Adm. Code §406.16 (2002)); and a wide variety of other matters ranging from nutrition and meals (89 Ill. Adm. Code §406.17 (2002)) to recordkeeping (89 Ill. Adm. Code §406.24 (2002))
These standards apply uniformly throughout the state.
Hawthorne, 204 Ill. 2d 243, 259-260 (emphasis added).
In an earlier case, the Illinois Supreme Court used similar reasoning to reach similar results when discussing the power of a non-home rule unit. See Pesticide Public Policy Found. v. Wauconda, 117 Ill. 2d 107 (Ill. 1987). The issue was as follows. The plaintiffs were a non-profit group in the pest control industry. The Village of Wauconda was a non-home rule unit that had enacted ordinances requiring pesticide permits, annual fees, and restricting application of pesticides under various circumstances. The plaintiff's argued that the Illinois Pesticide Acts preempted the Village ordinances.
The Illinois Supreme Court wrote:
In contrast to the broad powers exercised by home rule units in Illinois Wauconda, as a non-home-rule unit, has only those powers granted to it by law, and certain powers enumerated in Article VII, Section 7, of the Illinois Constitution. The commentary to section 7 notes that this section maintains the concept of Dillon's Rule with respect to non-home-rule units of local government. Dillon's Rule provides that municipalities possess only those powers expressly granted, powers incident to those expressly granted, and powers indispensable to the accomplishment of the declared objects and purposes of the municipal corporation. Because pesticide regulation is not indispensable to the purposes of the Village, the Village must point to some statute which expressly or impliedly authorizes the Village to enact the ordinance at issue.
Pesticide Public Policy Found, 117 Ill. 2d 107, 112 (emphasis added).
The Illinois Supreme Court also discussed the concept of the "comprehensive scheme" in Pesticide Public Policy. The Court held:
Where the legislature enacts a comprehensive scheme of regulation, the legislature implies by the scheme that there is no room for additional regulation by local government units…
Although the Pesticide Act, together with the Pest Control Act, has divided its expansive authority over pesticides among three entities, all of them are agencies of State government; notably absent from the acts is any provision delegating authority to, or allowing regulation by, units of local government. It is apparent from the acts that the General Assembly has intended that the State occupy exclusively the field of pesticide regulation.
Pesticide Public Policy Found., 117 Ill. 2d 107, 116-117 (emphasis added).
In fact, this issue of non-home rule units exceeding their authority has been litigated numerous times over the last few decades and the Illinois Supreme Court has uniformly ruled in the same manner when faced with similar facts. For example, in the early 1980s, the Court heard County of Kendall v. Avery Gravel Co., 101 Ill. 2d 428 (Ill. 1984).
In this case, Avery Gravel was granted a permit from the Illinois EPA to operate a strip mine. The Supreme Court held that the Illinois Environmental Protection Act superseded local zoning ordinances. The Supreme Court further held that because the county was a non-home rule unit, it could not avoid state environmental regulation through its local ordinances.
The Court wrote:
It was established in oral argument that Kendall County is a non-home-rule unit of government…An assessment of the relationship between State legislation and regulations enacted by a local governmental unit requires a different approach when the local unit is a home rule unit. Under the 1970 Illinois Constitution (Ill. Const. 1970, Art. VII, Sec. 6), effective July 1, 1971, many local units of government became, or were given the power to become, home rule units, which were granted the following power:
'Except as limited by this Section, a home rule unit may exercise any power and perform any function pertaining to its government and affairs including, but not limited to, the power to regulate for the protection of the public health, safety, morals and welfare; to license; to tax; and to incur debt.' (Ill. Const. 1970, art. VII, sec. 6(a).)" 75 Ill. 2d 494, 507-08.
Since Kendall County is a non-home-rule unit, the county cannot avoid State environmental regulation
County of Kendall, 101 Ill. 2d 428, 434 (emphasis added).
In the mid-1970s, the Illinois Supreme Court decided Carlson v. Worth, 62 Ill. 2d 406 (Ill. 1976). Similar to Kendall, this case involved the application of environmental ordinances. A landfill operator received a permit from the Illinois EPA. A short time thereafter the Village enacted an ordinance making it unlawful to operate a sanitary landfill within the Village without a Village permit.
The Illinois Supreme Court made it clear from the beginning of its opinion that the issue at hand was, "the authority of a non-home-rule municipality to superimpose the requirements of its own 'environmental protection ordinance' upon the holder of a permit for the operation of a sanitary landfill issued by the State Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to the Environmental Protection Act." Carlson, 62 Ill. 2d 406, 407. The Court went on to hold that local regulation was preempted by the Illinois Environmental Protection Act; and, that the Illinois EPA did not have the power to delegate its authority in such matters to a local unit. Carlson, 62 Ill. 2d 406, 409-411.
While it is true that none of the cases discussed specifically deal with the area of campaign finance and/or contributions, it is clear that these cases establish a pattern wherein the Illinois Supreme Court has uniformly found that non-home rule units may not exceed the limits of their authority, particularly in the face of state statutes dealing with similar issues.
C. Campaign Ordinances Passed By Municipalities in New Jersey, California and Florida Cannot Be Applied To Support Similar Regulations in Illinois Municipalities.
While some municipalities in states other than Illinois have successfully passed ordinances dealing with campaign contributions, those municipalities may not have the "home rule" vs. "non-home rule" authority issues facing Illinois municipalities. Ordinances passed in other states and cases decided in other states are not binding authority on Illinois courts. In many cases, the ordinances in other states are passed pursuant to specific authority granted those municipalities—they do not face the limitations enacted by the Illinois legislature and upheld by the Illinois Supreme Court.
For example, in New Jersey, several municipalities have passed ordinances similar to those proposed here. However, in New Jersey, all municipalities have been granted the authority to pass "necessary and proper ordinances" as long as the ordinances do not conflict with State or Federal law. See N.J. Home Rule Statute, N.J. Stat. § 40:48-2. Thus, New Jersey municipalities do not require the separate statutory authority required of non- home rule units in Illinois.
California, cited as another example where municipalities have enacted campaign contribution laws, has a different Constitutional provision than Illinois. The California Constitution states: "It shall be competent in any city charter to provide that the city governed thereunder may make and enforce all ordinances and regulations in respect to municipal affairs." Cal Const, Art. XI § 5. Thus, California also does not have the "home rule", "non-home rule" dichotomy that exists in Illinois.
A third example is the State of Florida. Again, the Florida Constitution provides broader powers to municipalities and, in effect, establishes all Florida municipalities as "home rule" municipalities. The Florida Constitution states:
Municipalities shall have governmental, corporate and proprietary powers to enable them to conduct municipal government, perform municipal functions and render municipal services, and may exercise any power for municipal purposes except as otherwise provided by law. Each municipal legislative body shall be elective. Fla. Const. Art. VIII, § 2
In summary, ordinances passed in municipalities located outside of Illinois have little to no bearing on the issue of whether a non-home rule unit in Illinois has the authority to pass an ordinance regulating campaign contributions when the State of Illinois has specifically limited powers granted to non-home rule units which is not the case in other states such as New Jersey, Florida and California. While those cases may address similar constitutional issues concerning political speech and the First Amendment, they do not necessarily address the home rule/non-home rule issue.
II. The Village Can Adopt More Restrictive Gift Ban Provisions Than Those Found In The Illinois Ethics Act.
A reasonable interpretation of the interplay between the statutory sections of the Illinois State Officials and Employees Ethics Act, 5 ILCS 430/1-5, provides a good faith basis for argument that a unit of government can be more restrictive on these issues in local ordinances.
The key section of the statute is 5 ILCS 430/70-5, which reads, in pertinent part:
Within 6 months after the effective date of this Act, each governmental entity shall adopt an ordinance or resolution that regulates, in a manner no less restrictive than Section 5-15 and Article 10 of this Act, (i) the political activities of officers and employees of the governmental entity and (ii) the soliciting and accepting of gifts by and the offering and making of gifts to officers and employees of the governmental entity.[1]
Although as discussed, supra, non-home rule units have only the authority given to them by the Illinois Constitution and though state legislative enactments, recall that the legislative authority need not be express, but may also be implied by statute. See e.g. Hawthorne v. Olympia Fields, 204 Ill. 2d 243 (Ill. 2003) ("[Non Home Rule Units] have no inherent powers. They may exercise only those powers that the state legislature confers upon them, either expressly or impliedly, by statute.)
Because the legislature specifically grants local government's the authority, and in fact, requires the units to have passed legislation "no less restrictive" than that required under the Act, it certainly can be argued that the legislature granted implied authority to these same units of local government to be more restrictive. If the legislature intended to limit units of local government to passing ordinances exactly in lockstep with the state guidelines, it would have ordered the local governments to do so, rather than merely limiting the governments to be "no less restrictive."
Further, 5 ILCS 430/70-5 specifically cites to local agencies passing regulations in accordance with Article 10 of the Act. Article 10 has a provision that specifically allows state agencies to adopt policies that are more restrictive than those set forth in the Act.[2] While state agencies and local government units are defined differently by the Act, the citation to Article 10 in the section of the statute requiring local government compliance can be seen as further evidence that units of local governments may enact more restrictive ordinances than those required under the Act.
However, the unit of local government seeking to expand upon the Ethics Act, specifically the portion dealing with the "gift ban" should be mindful of one exception in particular within Article 10 of the Act. The statute says, in pertinent part:
Sec. 10-15. Gift ban; exceptions. The restriction in Section 10-10 [5 ILCS 430/10-10] does not apply to the following:
(1) Opportunities, benefits, and services that are available on the same conditions as for the general public.
(2) Anything for which the officer, member, or State employee pays the market value.
(3) Any (i) contribution that is lawfully made under the Election Code or under this Act or (ii) activities associated with a fundraising event in support of a political organization or candidate
[1] "Governmental entities" are defined in the Act as "a unit of local government or a school district but not a State agency." 5 ILCS 430/1-5
[2] "A State agency may adopt or maintain policies that are more restrictive …" 5 ILCS 430/10-40


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White supremacists are marching in the streets, hundreds of thousands of Dreamers are being threatened with deportation. In 2012, Pardeep Singh Kaleka's father was murdered by a white supremacist. At the same time, Arno Michaels who had founded one of the world's largest skinhead organizations was striving to leave his racist life behind. These two men have come together on a mission to stop hate, to move beyond violence and tragedy to find common ground by creating Serve 2 Unite, an organization that works to create inclusive, compassionate and nonviolent climates in schools and communities. Kaleka is featured on NBC, FOX, CNN, "Democracy Now, and NPR.


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text:
The 2015 Australia women's national soccer team strike was a two-month long strike by the players of the Australia women's national soccer team. Supported by the Professional Footballers Australia unions, the players successfully won improvements in pay and working conditions. It was the first time in history that an Australian national sporting team had gone on strike.

Background
Women's soccer has been played in Australia since at least the 1880s, with competitions in the 1920s seeing significant success in drawing audiences. However, the global impact of the English Football Association ban on women's soccer then hit Australia, and the women's game entered a prolonged period of suppression.

The Australian Women's Soccer Association (AWSA) was founded in 1974 and Australia's first official international match was against New Zealand in October 1979. It would take until the 1983 OFC Women's Championship, however, for Australia to face a team other than New Zealand and until the 1987 Women's World Invitational Tournament to face European and American teams. The players at the time received no compensation and little support, having to sew themselves the own Australian crests onto the team tracksuits. The poor working conditions and lack of pay would continue throughout the 1990s, with players forced to train with second-hand equipment from the Socceroos, receiving few opportunities to practice, and with players even having to pay to be able to practice and travel with the team. In 1999, the players published a nude calendar in the hopes of raising funds for the team.

Following the 2000 Olympics, the Australian national team entered a period of turmoil, playing no games in 2001, many veteran players retiring, and with the AWSA going defunct, being absorbed by Soccer Australia (current Football Federation Australia).

In the 2010s, the national team began a period of sustained success. At the 2010 AFC Women's Asian Cup, they became the first Australian senior national soccer team (men or women) to make a final in the AFC and then became the first ever Australian soccer team to win in Asia after defeating North Korea in the final. At the 2011 FIFA World Cup, Caitlin Foord was awarded Best Young Player of the tournament.

The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup was held in Canada from 6 June to 5 July 2015. Prior to the World Cup, the Australian national team players had been required to go through a full-time six-month training programme. Despite the significantly increased workload, however, the programme came without any change in pay for the players, forcing several to lose their employment elsewhere. Under the expiring collective bargaining agreement ("CBA"), the maximum pay for the Australian players that year was $21,000, significantly under the Australian minimum wage and significantly less than the highest salaries of the men's team, which reached over $200,000. The Australian team went on to make it to the quarter=finals of the World Cup, losing to Japan.

Strike
In September 2015, the Australian women's national team was scheduled for a tour of the United States, including a couple of friendlies against the USWNT. A training camp in preparation for the tour was scheduled to take place in Sydney in early September.

On 8 September 2015, the players announced that they would not be attending the camp after negotiations with Football Federation Australia over a new CBA broke down. The players' union, the Professional Footballers Australia, released a statement saying that: "Following the expiration of the Matildas CBA, the players are under no contractual obligation to undertake any Matildas related activities. FFA has failed to recognise the significant sacrifices the Matildas players are forced to make in playing for their country." The players equally announced that they would be striking until they received better pay and working conditions. The key demands of the players were:
For the CBA to contain basic minimum standards, such as setting the level of commitment expected from the players in accordance with the pay they receive;
Equal pay;
Increases in spending on air travel, accommodation and benefits;
Better development opportunities for youth players.

A few hours after the announcement of the strike, Football Federation Australia released a statement condemning it, arguing that they "were presented with a fresh set of demands that amount to millions of dollars of unfunded commitments" and that the players had been "dragged into a dispute that's primarily about the [men's] A-League". A small handful of national team players also indicated that they would be willing to break the strike, such as Lisa De Vanna, who stated that "at my age I am not sure if the opportunity to play the world champions will come up again." Most players, however, committed to the strike, with Teresa Polias stating that "we're asking for minimum wage, to sustain our lives off the pitch to do well on it. It's as simple as that."

In mid-September, it was announced that the Haiti women's national football team would replace the Matildas for the friendlies against the USWNT. Several USWNT players expressed their support for the strike, such as Abby Wambach, who stated that the Australians were "empowering themselves and they're empowering the next generation of women coming behind them to stand up and speak up for what is right and what they think that they deserve."

On 16 October, the ABC revealed that former players had previously had to go on welfare benefits to make ends meet while playing for the national team. A few days later, FFA president David Gallop told the ABC that the Federation would offer the players pay equal to minimum wage, but stated that "it's always problematic when you talk about a minimum wage because it denotes that they're full time contracts" and that he expected that several players would still have to find second jobs to make ends meet.

On 6 November, the PFA signed a new agreement with the FFA, resolving the strike. The new agreement included a significant pay rise, the maximum salary rising to $41,000 a year. The new agreement also included substantial increases in investment into the women's game and improved working conditions. After the agreement was struck, Hayley Raso stated that the strike was "something we had to do".

Aftermath
After the resolution of the strike, PFA chair Adam Vivian stated that the union intended to try and negotiate an increase to minimum wage for domestic W-League players as well, stating that "the Matildas have a problem with that too, they want to see equity among the playing group." In 2018, the Professional Footballers Australia W-League report found that more than half of players were considering retiring early because of financial reasons.

In 2019, a new collective bargaining agreement was signed between Professional Footballers Australia and the Football Federation Australia. The new CBA guaranteed equal split of all commercial revenues between the men's and women's national teams and a number of improvements to working conditions to bring the women's standards equal to the men's, including allowing business class for international travel, increased coaching support, and better parental leave policies.

See also
 U.S. women's national soccer team pay discrimination claim
 2017 Denmark women's national football team strike

References

Labour disputes in Australia
2015 in Australian women's sport
2015 in Australian soccer
Women's soccer in Australia
2015 labor disputes and strikes
Sports labor disputes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Incomplete Data Transfer from VBA to SQL Server I have a SQL-Server in Azure and want to transfer data from Excel into it using VBA through a VPN Tunnel. It works but out of 801 entries sometimes 320 are transmitted sometimes 324 but always in a range between 300 and 350 never more. They are transfer in the correct order as they are in the excel file. I am not getting an error at all. Just saw in the SQL Table that there are not all entries in there. I tried it some times and colleagues of my as well with the same result. My code is:
Sub Importer(ByVal tableName As String, ByVal importQuery As String, pass As String)

    Dim con As Object

    Set con = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

        con.Open _
                "Driver={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};" & _
                "Server=tcp:myServer,1433;" & _
                "Database=myDB;" & _
                "Uid= admin;" & _
                "Pwd=" & pass & ";" & _
                "TrustServerCertificate=no;" & _
                "Connection Timeout=30;" & _
                "Encrypt=yes;"
        con.Execute importQuery
        con.Close

    Set con = Nothing

End Sub

While importQuery contails 801 INSERT INTO entries in one query looking like this:
INSERT INTO dbo.table(Variable1, Variable1, Variable1) Values(", 3)
INSERT INTO dbo.table(Variable1, Variable1, Variable1) Values(", 3)
INSERT INTO dbo.table(Variable1, Variable1, Variable1) Values(", 3)

...
I tried to set the timeout up but with no effect. Anyone with an idea what might cause the problem?

A: Your pseudo-code is syntactically incorrect, but that's irrelevant I guess.
Currently you're doing multiple singleton INSERT statements in an non-transactional manner. Surely your connection is being broken or some other issue happens in the middle of the code executing, resulting in only some of the data being inserted.
Either wrap a transaction around the entire set of INSERT statements. Or even simpler would be to convert them to a single INSERT statement of multiple values, which will be implicitly transactional and potentially more efficient, like so:
INSERT INTO dbo.table(Column1, Column2, Column3)
VALUES
    (ValueA1, ValueA2, ValueA3),
    (ValueB1, ValueB2, ValueB3),
    (ValueC1, ValueC2, ValueC3),
    (ValueD1, ValueD2, ValueD3),
    (ValueE1, ValueE2, ValueE3);

As far as whatever error / issue your application is running into, unfortunately won't be advisable without more details such as a specific error message. But at least the fix I mentioned above will ensure either all or none of the data is consistently inserted.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Appearances, and therefore politics, dictate that J.P. Morgan Chase's trading loss will push reforms in financial regulation in a more aggressive direction. Two billion dollars is a lot of money and the public already dislikes banks investing in derivatives.
The role of regulation is not to prevent banks from making losses, unless a loss would threaten the bank. There is no reason to care more about a big bank losing one tenth of one percent of the value of its assets than about a small bank doing the same. Either loss is of insignificant size. Besides, if loss prevention were the goal, banks would have to stop lending, since big loan losses are significantly more frequent than large trading losses. The biggest losses for banks in the financial crisis were from lending, not from more arcane products.
The real question is whether the way the loss occurred should be blocked by regulation. J.P. Morgan says the trades were originally intended to offset the bank's large exposure to a potential acceleration of the euro crisis. I believe broad hedges of this nature should be allowed, even if they are only fairly approximate, because it is important to provide even partial protection against major systemic risks.
However the trades started, they evidently became more speculative, so there is legitimate debate about whether the Volcker Rule against proprietary trading would or should have applied. But, we will need more information to judge this knowledgeably.
The most disturbing thing, though, is the possibility the loss may be the tip of the iceberg, revealing massive risk management problems at the major banks. If so, there will be important implications for regulation. However, we should not leap to the conclusion that one debacle means the entire risk management system is rotten. Regulators and bank managements are doubtless scurrying to examine this question already. We should await the additional information.


text:
Metis is a simple yet powerful free Bootstrap admin dashboard template that you can feel free to use for any app, service, software or anything else. Feel free to share and fork it.

This template currently is slighly outdated but withing few weeks we are going to make a major overhaul making ot the best free admin template you have seen on Github or elsehwere on the web.

* [![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/travis/Osman%20Nuri%20Okumus/bootstrap-admin-template.svg?style=flat)](https://travis-ci.org/Osman%20Nuri%20Okumus/bootstrap-admin-template)
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* [![devDependency Status](https://david-dm.org/puikinsh/Bootstrap-Admin-Template/dev-status.svg?theme=shields.io)](https://david-dm.org/puikinsh/Bootstrap-Admin-Template#info=devDependencies)

## TOC

* [Download](#download)
  - [Building](#building)
  - [Demo](#demo)
  - [Release History](#release-history)
  - [Credits](#credits)
  - [Author](#author)
  - [License](#license)

## Download

* Bootstrap 2.3.2 [v1.2](https://github.com/puikinsh/Bootstrap-Admin-Template/archive/v1.2.zip)
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* Bootstrap 3.3.7 [v2.3.2](https://puikinsh.com/puikinsh/Bootstrap-Admin-Template/archive/master.zip)
ready `public` folder your use

#### 2.3.2 Version

required [node.js](http://nodejs.org/) & [bower](http://bower.io/) & [gulp](http://gulpjs.com/)

```shell
    $ git clone https://github.com/puikinsh/Bootstrap-Admin-Template.git yourfoldername
    $ cd yourfoldername
    $ npm install
    $ bower install
    $ npm run build
    $ gulp serve
```

#### 2.3.2 RTL Version

required [node.js](http://nodejs.org/) & [bower](http://bower.io/) & [gulp](http://gulpjs.com/)

```shell
    $ git clone https://github.com/puikinsh/Bootstrap-Admin-Template.git yourfoldername
    $ cd yourfoldername
    $ npm install
    $ bower install
    $ npm run buildrtl
    $ gulp serve
```

#### 1.2 Version

```shell
    $ git clone -b v1.2 https://github.com/puikinsh/Bootstrap-Admin-Template.git yourfoldername
    $ cd yourfoldername
    $ git submodule init
    $ git submodule update
    $ open index.html
```

## Demo

* [Demo v2.3.2](https://colorlib.com/polygon/metis/)
* [RTL v2.3.2](https://colorlib.com/polygon/metis/rtl/)

## Credits

* [node.js](http://nodejs.org/)
* [bower](http://bower.io/)
* [gulp](http://gulpjs.com/)
* [Assemble](http://assemble.io/)
* [jQuery](http://jquery.com/)
* [Bootstrap](http://getbootstrap.com/)
* [LESS](http://lesscss.org/)
* [Moment.js](http://momentjs.com/)
* [SubtlePatterns](https://github.com/subtlepatterns/SubtlePatterns)
* [FullCalendar](http://arshaw.com/fullcalendar/)
* [Chosen](https://github.com/harvesthq/chosen)
* [CKEditor](http://ckeditor.com/)
* [Colorpicker for Bootstrap](http://www.eyecon.ro/bootstrap-colorpicker/)
* [Data Tables](http://www.datatables.net)
* [Datepicker for Bootstrap](http://www.eyecon.ro/bootstrap-datepicker)
* [elFinder](http://elfinder.org)
* [Input Limiter](http://rustyjeans.com/jquery-plugins/input-limiter)
* [Jasny Bootstrap](http://jasny.github.com/bootstrap)
* [jQuery Validation](http://jqueryvalidation.org/)
* [jQuery Sparklines](http://omnipotent.net/jquery.sparkline)
* [Animate](http://daneden.github.io/animate.css/)
* [Autosize](http://www.jacklmoore.com/autosize)
* [Countdown](http://keith-wood.name/countdown.html)
* [Date range picker](https://github.com/dangrossman/bootstrap-daterangepicker)
* [Flot](http://www.flotcharts.org)
* [jQuery Form](http://jquery.malsup.com/form/)
* [Form Wizard](http://thecodemine.org)
* [Gritter](http://boedesign.com/blog/2009/07/11/growl-for-jquery-gritter/)
* [Mouse Wheel](https://github.com/brandonaaron/jquery-mousewheel)
* [PageDown-Bootstrap](https://github.com/kevinoconnor7/pagedown-bootstrap)
* [Plupload](https://github.com/moxiecode/plupload)
* [Bootstrap Switch](http://www.larentis.eu/switch/)
* [tablesorter](http://tablesorter.com/)
* [tagsinput](http://xoxco.com/projects/code/tagsinput/)
* [Bootstrap Timepicker](http://jdewit.github.io/bootstrap-timepicker/)
* [Touch Punch](http://touchpunch.furf.com/)
* [Uniform](http://uniformjs.com/)
* [Validation Engine](http://www.position-relative.net/)
* [jquery.validVal](http://validval.frebsite.nl/)
* [bootstrap3-wysihtml5-bower](https://github.com/Waxolunist/bootstrap3-wysihtml5-bower)
* [screenfull.js](https://github.com/sindresorhus/screenfull.js)
* [metisMenu](https://github.com/onokumus/metisMenu)

## About Authors

* [Colorlib](https://colorlib.com/) - Colorlib is the most popular source for free WordPress themes and HTML templates.
* [Aigars Silkalns](https://twitter.com/AigarsSilkalns) - Aigars maintains this project and is also the idea author behind Colorlib and everythiwn you will find on that website.

## License

Copyright (c) 2016 Aigars Silkalns & Colorlib

Released under the MIT license. This free Bootstrap admin template is distributed as as it with no support. You can feeel free to use it, share it, tweakit it, workin it, sell it or do whatver you want as long as you keep the original license in plce.

***

_This file was generated by [verb](https://github.com/verbose/verb), v0.9.0, on July 31, 2016._

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


DNS or Domain Name System acts like a central exchange and maps domain names to their respective IP Addresses so as to redirect the traffic to the respective website. However, with lack of effective security protocols in the working of DNS, it has evolved to be one of the top three vectors haunted by cyber attacks. So, how to protect your network from virtual predators? Webroot Safe gives you the perfect answer, to this question, in the form of Webroot Network Security products. Let us have a look at each one of them.
What can Webroot Network Security Do for You?
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Malware which makes the connection itself a transport mechanism to reach your system is stopped and repelled at the domain layer itself by the military level security provided by Webroot DNS Protection.
Flowscape from Webroot employs machine-learning techniques to identify any kind of abnormality in endpoint-to-endpoint network traffic.
Flowscape provides real-time alerts to analysts upon detection of any kind of anomaly or if the network traffic deviates from the normal flow or common order.
All Webroot Safe products are equipped with Webroot Bright Cloud Threat Intelligence that provides information about all kinds of possible cyber threats and attacks enabling the users to effectively protect themselves from the same.
Do you need more information on Webroot Network Security? Please visit the website and request a free trial of the network security products.


In today's ever-changing Hudson County real estate market, Hudson County condo buyers require many tools and resources to find your dream condo on the Hudson River. When you request your Hudson County Property Showing we will meet you on your terms and schedule to help you locate the condo that best fits your needs!
Simply fill in the fields below so that we may contact you to schedule a property showing tailored to your specific condo buying needs.


THE STORY: The bronze sculpture entitled "American Graffiti" was created by Betty Saletta to honor Modesto's most famous son, film director/producer George Lucas, who based his hit film American Graffiti on his experiences as a teenager in Modesto. The sculpture was dedicated July 11, 1997 to the cruising culture idolized in the film and features two teenagers from the early 1960s leaning against the fender of a 1957 Chevy. The cruising loop was located at 9th and 10th Streets. The sculpture is located in George Lucas Plaza at five points (the intersection of Downey, 17th Street, McHenry Avenue, J Street and Needham Avenue).


text:
The Penny Conundrum
Why do we flock to the games with the lowest return in the house? And why can't the pennies return more?
Shortly after this magazine was founded in 1988, one of its cornerstones became its status as one of the only places to identify where to find the best payback percentages on slot machines.
And, make no mistake—overall payback percentage is an important gauge of a casino's generosity, if only because the number reflects all types of gaming machines, including, importantly, video poker. However, that overall payback number on the slot side is now a bit skewed. The reason is the penny slot.
We've reported time and again that slot machines in the penny denomination offer the absolute lowest payback percentage on the slot floor. These days, many of the penny slots are returning overall numbers as low as 87 percent, and most of them are under 90 percent. By comparison, it's not hard to find classic quarter slots returning upwards of 95 percent, and in the case of dollars, even more.
Yet, look at the most popular slot games. From Wolf Run to Hot Shot to The Wizard of Oz, they are found in pennies more than any other denomination.
We keep flocking to these games for a couple of fairly obvious reasons: They are a lot of fun, and they don't cost a lot of money. People can bankroll $100 or less for an evening, and still get a lot of entertainment for their money.
But you can do that at the arcade. Does the popularity of penny slot games mean casino slot floors are becoming more like amusement arcades and less like gambling houses? What happened to placing a wager for a crack at winning big money?
Well, that's one of the other reasons people like the pennies. Since payback percentage is a long-term number, it's not unusual to win money on the pennies. Precisely because of the low denomination, the games can offer the occasional large jackpot without breaking the casino's bank. The manufacturers make the programs more volatile than the old nickel multi-line games, so you can weather more dry spells waiting for big payoffs—without breaking your bank. You need a big bankroll for dollars, and even for quarters, to weather those dry spells between big payoffs. With pennies, you don't.
And, the people who like traditional slots don't need all the arcade-like entertainment features. They're in it for the gamble, and they don't mind bankrolling more in exchange for a larger long-term return.
That's the way things are, but it's not necessarily the way things have to be. Looking at things from a player's perspective, why can't penny slots return more in the long term? Would it kill them to keep only 7 cents or 8 cents from every dollar put into these games instead of 12 cents or 13 cents?
Of course it wouldn't. However, unless players stop playing these games, the casinos are going to take as much as they can get. The manufacturers offer many of the penny games in higher payback-percentage programs, but ultimately, the casino officials who buy the games are the ones who dictate the percentages that are going on the floor. If a manufacturer offers a game that players find fun—indeed, that players can't get enough of—and that fun is not diminished by the house keeping 13 percent of the overall wagers, that's what they're going to keep.
If fairness is the gauge, then penny slots should pay back more. This argument becomes stronger when you look at how much players bet on these games. No one is betting a penny on a penny game. The minimum wager per spin (a forced minimum on many new games) is typically at least 50 cents, and the average is more often in the hundreds of credits per spin—in other words, more wagered per spin than a traditional quarter or even 50-cent game. Why can't the overall return reflect the size of the wager?
The answer is that fairness is not the gauge for casinos in the games they offer; profit is. As long as they can maximize profits with popular games at 87 percent returns, they'll do it.
Some casinos—notably, the Station casinos and other locals-oriented houses—are offering penny slots at 91 percent, 92 percent or more. They should be applauded for this, and more casinos should do this… in all fairness.
We love the pennies. We should love the payback too. •
Finders is not keepers. In the old days, credits inadvertently left on a slot machine—or, for that matter, money on the floor—was fair game. Find a game with credits on it, or a $20 bill on the floor, and it was finders keepers. It's not like that anymore. In the age of the cash-out ticket—as ridiculous as it is—people are actually getting arrested for cashing out found tickets. There are increasingly stories where people cash out abandoned credits on a machine, or find a cash-out ticket left in a game, and if they cash it out themselves, they are tracked down through surveillance and punished for it. Best advice if you find a cash-out ticket: Give it to an attendant. Finders is no longer keepers.
Caesars Entertainment has revealed its plans for Harrah's Baltimore, a proposed $310 million slot casino next to the Baltimore Ravens' M&T Bank Stadium. Caesars, the only bidder for the Baltimore casino license, is proposing a two-story casino with 3,750 slot machines, which would make it Maryland's second-largest casino behind Maryland Live!, Cordish Companies' casino under construction in Anne Arundel County. The casino also would include a 125-seat steakhouse and a Baltimore-themed sports bar. The project also would include an eight-story, 4,000-car parking garage with a second-floor skyway leading to the casino.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Australian 6-piece prog rockers AlithiA have released their new single "The Sun", the final track to be released ahead of their highly anticipated sophomore record "The Moon has Fallen" (out on October 26th, via Wild Thing Records).
You can listen to "The Sun" below.
Pre-order "The Moon has Fallen" here.
The band are touring with avant-garde rockers Shining (NOR). Purchase tickets here.
Recorded in Athens, Greece, "The Moon has Fallen" delves deep into the realm of psychedelic tribal post-prog rock. It is AlithiA's first record written entirely collectively with the inspired addition of percussionist Jeffrey Raul Ortiz Castro, who interlaces the album's sound with Latin rhythms, celestial synthesizers, and distinctive secondary vocals.
The band embraces heavy percussive grooves, new wave Blade Runner-esque synth blasts, and striking melodic vocals with an emphatic punk attitude, resulting in one of the most unique and diverse albums to ever infect your senses. The band's original foundations, however, remain intact with John Rousvanis' inspiring lead vocals and mesmerizing guitar styling apparent throughout, none more so than the epic album opener "The Sun". From the pulsating engine room of bassist Tibor Gede and drummer Mark 'Vel' Vella, shining on highlight track "Empress", to the stirring keyboard soundscapes of Danny Constantino, which command the single "Diamonds", AlithiA have emerged with a simply exceptional album.
AlithiA, meaning "truth" in Greek, was formed by singer John Rousvanis in 2004. Following the release of two experimental EP's in "The Rising" (2009) and "A Realm O Null" (2011), AlithiA honed their sound with the ethereal debut album "To the Edge of Time" (2014). "To the Edge of Time" garnered international interest in the group, including Metal Hammer. Recently the band have embarked on a 29-date European tour with Leprous and Agent Fresco (2017); this was their fourth European tour, and 2018 saw the band tour Australia with Leprous, and The Contortionist and SikTh.
AlithiA have directly supported some of the biggest names in progressive music such as Animals As Leaders, Alcest, Dead Letter Circus, Ne Obliviscaris, The Ocean, sleepmakeswaves, Caligula's Horse, Tides From Nebula, Mother's Cake, Vulture Industries, and many others. The band have performed Australi's igsound, and at ProgFest a record five times.
The band have also announced a tour with avant-garde rockers Shining (NOR). Purchase tickets here.


text:
Partly cloudy skies during the evening giving way to a few showers after midnight. Low 54F. Winds E at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 30%..
Partly cloudy skies during the evening giving way to a few showers after midnight. Low 54F. Winds E at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 30%.
AFN File Photo
Club West HOA Board needs fresh leadership
By Matthew Tyler, AFN Guest Writer
With the ringing in of a New Year, it is common for many to think about fresh starts.
So it is at Club West with the upcoming elections for four HOA Board of Director positions. Up for re-election are: Paul Moroz, 20 years on board; Fred Kaiser, 20 years; Chris Geist, 12 years; Martha Neese, six years.
It is time for leadership change.
For 10 years, the Club West Golf Course has experienced a steady deterioration of its financial and physical condition.
The Board and these four directors each stood by during most of this period and watched this deterioration happen instead of working productively with homeowners and community leaders to find solutions.
The Board complains that it has not received any proposals for the golf property from homeowners, but isn't that backwards? Shouldn't we expect our Board to display leadership and initiate engagement with the homeowners to research and present options to the community?
The only action taken by the Board was to invite the Edge developers to make their pitch for 162 new houses at its meeting in January 2020 and outline a calendar for community consideration of the proposal.
Thus, despite claiming it has never taken a position on new housing, the only proposal the Board has seen fit to bring to the community was a plan for 162 new homes.
Missing from any consideration by the Board was discussion of the following: What are the other options? What are the costs? What are our legal options – given the success of the Lakes lawsuit against Wilson Gee?
A significant source of these issues is that board members simply do not listen to the community or seek community input. Board members rarely allow a question-and-answer period at its monthly meetings – or at any other scheduled times.
The Board has never conducted a survey of homeowners for their opinions.
The Board then ignored the decisive results from the community-wide survey conducted by the Club West Conservancy (CWC) which found that 85 percent of homeowners said they would be OK with just a walkable parkland and 81 percent stated they would prefer to leave the property "as is" versus having any new houses built.
These results were ignored even though the Survey Monkey statistical tool indicates the results were projectable to the entire community at a margin of error of just +/- 3 percent at a 95 percent confidence level.
The Board also operates improperly in closed sessions.
Each month, the Board conducts a one- to two-hour "executive session" prior to the open meeting.
The Board voted in executive session to obtain the Declarant Rights to the Golf Course Property and to dilute the requirements for approving changes to the Golf Course CC&Rs from 75 percent of all homeowners to a mere 16 percent (a majority of a 30 percent quorum of those who choose to vote).
In a recent legal ruling, the court stated these "are not the types of actions that may be taken in executive session."
The message seems to be that the Board "knows best" so it is free to act with impunity and ignore the community, the law and the HOA governing documents.
The CWC supports candidates that will pursue finding a solution for the Golf Course Property that does not include home or commercial development, that support term limits and are committed to open communication and acting in a transparent manner under the governing HOA documents.
It appears that our current Board is unable to meet this standard. It's time for fresh leadership.
Luckily there are volunteers that are willing to seek positions on the board of directors replacing the current four board members up for re-election and have stated positions that align with these attributes. CWC urges Club West homeowners to review their candidacy statements and give them your support.
Matthew Tyler is president of the Club West Conservancy.
Club West Hoa Board
Fred Kaiser
Club West Conservancy
Club West Golf Course
Wilson Gee


Businesses here are listed Aphalbaticaly for easy searching, all other business listings on this site are randomly generated in the spirit of fairness.
November 8th, 9th, & 10th Tickets will go on sale right after Labor Day! As usual, the Mountain View Fall Bluegrass Festival is packed with first rate acts that are sure to keep you entertained. We will keep you informed if any new information becomes available so check back often.
The Mountain View Folklore Society music and dancing every Saturday night from 7:00 PM-9:00 PM.
Our mission is to educate, equip, and encourage the Christian community to provide a future and a hope for children in foster care in Arkansas. Please visit our website or Facebook for more information!


text:
Adam Sandler talks about 'The Chanukah Song' and a new film with the Safdie brothers
Adam Sandler at a press conference for "Click" in 2005. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Jewish celeb credits family for success and says his career didn't start off with a bang.
By Alan Zeitlin
(December 1, 2022 / JNS) Adam Sandler recounted a funny remark from a celebrity mentioned in his famous "The Chanukah Song" when he spoke to a crowd at the 92nd Street Y (now called 92NY) in Manhattan on Tuesday night.
Following a screening of his new film "Hustle," Sandler said he showed his daughters the spot on 56th and Broadway where he stood in front of a diner and had the idea for the tune.
"I am so proud of that song, I love it," Sandler said, explaining that he excitedly wrote the song at the NBC studios of "Saturday Night Live." He didn't have Google back in 1994, and he went by what he thought was correct. The lyrics include: "Harrison Ford's a quarter Jewish…" and Sandler later found out he was off by 25 percentage points.
"I remember when I met Harrison Ford, he goes: 'Half!' " Sandler recounted as the crowd erupted in laughter.
In "Hustle," which can be seen on Netflix, Sandler plays Stanley Sugarman, a scout for the Philadelphia 76ers who spots a Spanish phenom he thinks can be great in the NBA. Sandler said the character has the same name as his father, who passed away 20 years ago. Stanley Sandler, like the character, had a beard and taught his children sports. Sandler said when his father got mad, Sandler would do impressions of him.
He also said family events were fodder for comedy.
"All my family's Jewish, everybody kind of has a funny way about them," Sandler said. "I definitely, after every family get-together, couldn't believe what I saw sometimes."
Sandler said his brother told him he should be a comedian like Eddie Murphy and even reserved a spot for him to perform at a club.
"My brother is the reason I got into this whole thing," he said.
Sandler recounted that he began doing stand-up comedy at the age of 17. It didn't click at first.
"I would bomb every night," he said.
Of course, Sandler landed a gig as a cast member of "Saturday Night Live" and was known for being "Opera Man," along with other characters. He went on to an illustrious film career in which he played Israeli secret agent Zohan in 2008's "You Don't Mess with the Zohan." He also made a string of comedies and dramatic films such as 2002's "Punch-Drunk Love."
Interviewed by MTV reporter Josh Horowitz, Sandler was asked whether he had a temper in real life, given that many of his characters suffer from tendencies towards overwhelming rage.
"I've had it for a long time," he said. "I would snap but it would go away very quickly."
He said he was scared backstage to hear that somehow Horowitz had not had a bar mitzvah.
In "Hustle," to prove he is a scout, Sandler's character calls former NBA great Dirk Nowitzki. He asked the 92NY audience what celebrity he could call and a person shouted out that he should call his mother. He said she would always answer even if he called at 3 a.m., and would pretend it was normal.
"She's never admitted to sleeping," Sandler said. "She's always 'resting.'"
One of Sandler's best roles is Howard Ratner, a Jewish diamond dealer and sports gambler in the 2019 crime thriller "Uncut Gems," directed by Jewish brothers Benny and Josh Safdie and co-written by the brothers and Ronald Bronstein. Sandler said that, in a scene in which he is choked in the backseat of a car, the actors were actually choking him.
Sandler said he is working on a new film with the Safdies that is slated to shoot in April. Horowitz asked if the film feels like a heart attack, given that "Uncut Gems" is a nerve-wracking film with an unpredictable twist.
"It feels like one of their movies for sure," Sandler said, adding that there is a romantic element. "They just don't want to do anything you've seen before."
Sandler added that he would get nervous when interviewed on TV by David Letterman and a song he performs on tour about the late Chris Farley, his former colleague on "SNL", made him tear up the first few times he played it. He recounted that Daniel Day-Lewis texts him funny things, but would not reveal them. He also said that he is always uncomfortable in suits, and performed better on "SNL"'s "Weekend Update" segment when he was allowed to ditch the fancy clothes in favor of casual attire.
Asked if he was a genius or lucky to have signed a deal with Netflix in 2014, he said he barely knew what Netflix was, but the streaming giant's CEO Ted Sarandos kept trying to get him to make movies for the service. Sandler stated that while he was shooting a film in Toronto, two teenage boys on a porch said they were watching Netflix, which convinced him to give it a shot.


Lithuania, like the other two Baltic states, is geographically well situated for those businesses aspiring to establish a strong foothold in Russia. After Latvia and Estonia, Lithuania was the third of the former-USSR republics to join the European Union (2004). Notable advantages of the country's geographic location also include its border with the Kaliningrad Region (Russian exclave), Belarus and Poland, which is the largest market among the new EU members. Most of the Lithuanian population speak Russian, although Polish is also spoken in some parts of the country. The fields of information and communication technologies (ICT), biotechnology, plastics, electrical machinery and equipment, business process outsourcing (BPO) and logistics are all attractive prospects for potential investors.
PPMR Consulting has experience in conducting various types of advisory projects for the Lithuanian market. We perform market and industry studies, including the identification of key market players and estimation of their market shares, overview of the competitive and legal environment and distribution chain analysis. We offer sourcing and cost optimisation services, including a thorough analysis of the client's cost base and the identification of areas where cost optimisation efforts will deliver the greatest benefit. Apart from that we provide mergers & acquisition support and due diligence advisory services to help our clients in a broad range of transaction types.


text:
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Home / About Us / Privacy Policy
By Jeffrey Cammack Updated: May 9th, 2019
Schlossbrink AB ("us", "we", or "our") operates the https://tradeforexsa.co.za/ website (the "Service").
We use your data to provide and improve the Service. By using the Service, you agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this policy. Unless otherwise defined in this Privacy Policy, terms used in this Privacy Policy have the same meanings as in our Terms and Conditions, accessible from https://tradeforexsa.co.za/
If you are signing up for our newsletter, we will ask you to provide us with certain personally identifiable information that can be used to contact or identify you ("Personal Data"). Personally identifiable information includes, but is not limited to:
We may also collect information on how the Service is accessed and used ("Usage Data"). This Usage Data may include information such as your computer's Internet Protocol address (e.g. IP address), browser type, browser version, the pages of our Service that you visit, the time and date of your visit, the time spent on those pages, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data.
Schlossbrink AB uses the collected data for various purposes:
To provide and maintain the Service
To provide customer care and support
To provide analysis or valuable information so that we can improve the Service
To monitor the usage of the Service
If you are located outside Sweden and choose to provide information to us, please note that we transfer the data, including Personal Data, to Sweden and process it there.
Schlossbrink AB will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that your data is treated securely and in accordance with this Privacy Policy and no transfer of your Personal Data will take place to an organization or a country unless there are adequate controls in place including the security of your data and other personal information.
Schlossbrink AB may disclose your Personal Data in the good faith belief that such action is necessary to:
To protect and defend the rights or property of Schlossbrink AB
Google AnalyticsGoogle Analytics is a web analytics service offered by Google that tracks and reports website traffic. Google uses the data collected to track and monitor the use of our Service. This data is shared with other Google services. Google may use the collected data to contextualize and personalize the ads of its own advertising network.You can opt-out of having made your activity on the Service available to Google Analytics by installing the Google Analytics opt-out browser add-on. The add-on prevents the Google Analytics JavaScript (ga.js, analytics.js, and dc.js) from sharing information with Google Analytics about visits activity.For more information on the privacy practices of Google, please visit the Google Privacy & Terms web page: https://policies.google.com/privacy?hl=en
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Trade Forex SA, as part of our parent company Schlossbrink AB, is a full member of:
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Membership #: 254900LUG07G07A31U72 - as we have shared values of efficiency, transparency, and trust associated with legal entity identification (LEI) in the handling of investments. As Finance Professionals, the LEI is the highest standard
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Trading leveraged products such as Forex and CFDs may not be suitable for all investors as they carry a high degree of risk to your capital.
It is really important that you do not trade any money that you can't afford to lose because regardless of how much research you have done, or how confident you are in your trade, there will always be a time that you lose.
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Our other trading sites tradeforexsa.co.za tradeforex.br.com fx-australia.com forex-malaysia.my fxscouts.com
Trading Forex and CFDs is not suitable for all investors and comes with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 75-90% of retail investors lose money trading these products. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.


text:
What happened to honest politics in Queensland? Scott Driscoll shames Newman
- 6 mins ago
Scott Driscoll with Campbell Newman during the election campaign in 2012. Source: The Courier-Mail
By David Marler
The Queensland State election of 2012 delivered the traditionally safe Labor seat of Redcliffe to Scott Driscoll of the Liberal National Party (LNP).
Driscoll was born in Redcliffe and was involved in a number of community groups which helped raise his profile in the electorate. He became president of the Queensland Retail Traders and Shopkeepers' Association (QRTSA); a lobbying group which represented the interests of small retail businesses, and was a patron of the Redcliffe Community Association of Moreton Bay (RCAMB), a community group which helped the homeless and those with mental illness.
He was also the largest single donor to Premier Campbell Newman's election campaign, donating $55,000.Upon entering Parliament, he was appointed a member of several Parliamentary committees, the State Development, Infrastructure and Industry Committee and Health and Community Services Committee.
In February this year The Courier Mail revealed that Driscoll had not disclosed his pecuniary interests in the community groups. It alleged that he had been directing QRTSA and RCAMB throughout 2012 whilst an MP, and that donations and disposed assets of QRTSA had not been properly accounted for. This prompted former employees of Driscoll's to come forward citing sexual harassment claims.
It then emerged that Driscoll had used his electorate office for meetings of his extra-parliamentary interests and had staff working on QRTSA and RCAMB projects, and had had approached Woolworths and Coles on behalf of QRTSA to seek donations for lobbying on their behalf. Both companies declined his offer, and Woolworths reported the approach to the Liberal Party hierarchy.
Norsefire, a company owned by Driscoll's wife Emma, was paid by both QRTSA and RCAMB for consultancy work. Emma was also added to the RCAMB payroll as HR administrator.
Driscoll denied all financial improprieties in a parliamentary speech, but would not speak to the media. He resigned his directorships and updated his pecuniary interest register claiming an 'oversight'. He also significantly updated his pecuniary interest register to include several properties and sent flyers to his constituents informing them that all allegations were false, including the sexual harassment claims.
RCAMB subsequently collapsed due to lack of funding. Twenty three staff were stood down owed 2 weeks wages. During 2012, RCAMB had received $1.4 million in funding from both State and Federal Governments. Two weeks earlier, Queensland Minister for Communities Tracy Davis told Parliament her department was working with RCAMB to resolve the financial problems, but RCAMB staff told the media no one had been in contact.
QRTSA is now largely defunct, and a new association was created in its place called the United Retail Federation (URF).
At first Premier Newman backed Driscoll, stating it would be up to voters to decide at the next election and calling for an end to trial by media. He defended Driscoll in Parliament, calling the allegations an Easter egg hunt.
Ultimately he was forced to suspend Driscoll from the LNP. He referred Driscoll to the Parliamentary ethics committee but stopped short of referring him to the Crime and Misconduct Commission (CMC). Newman then adopted a 'Sgt Shultz' defence, saying he knew nothing about the allegations and could do no more as Driscoll was no longer a member of the Government.
Queensland LNP President Bruce McIver had been warned about Driscoll's attitude pre-election but took no action. To the 2013 allegations, he told the media all information had been passed to the relevant authorities – but would not specify exactly what information or to which authorities – and that he had not informed Newman.
McIver then attended the Redcliffe branch of the LNP and spoke of his fears of losing the seat should something be found wrong with Driscoll, and that the scandal had jeopardised the Liberal's chances of taking the Federal seat of Petrie from Labor at the upcoming Federal election.
The Driscoll affair currently involves six investigations:
Queensland Health has commissioned PricewaterhouseCoopers to conduct a forensic investigation into RCAMB.
The CMC is assessing the documents by the RCAMB whistleblower.
Driscoll has been referred to the Ethics Committee over pecuniary interest declaration.
Another complaint on 'ghost invoicing' at RCAMB was received by Queensland police.
Complaints relating to RCAMB have been received by the Queensland Auditor-General.
The Queensland Industrial Relations Commission is investigating complaints received on QRTSA.
The details of the saga with links are at Norsefire burning.
Filed Under: #auspol, #Qgame, Corruption, David Marler Tagged With: Australian Small Business Coalition, Campbell Newman, CMC, Liberal National Party of Queensland, LNP, OCAP, QRTSA, RCAM, Redcliffe, Scott Driscoll
Joy Cooper says
Well said, David. A very murky, shonky business indeed. It is a repeat of the Joh-styled government with, as David said, "Sgt Schultz" Newman claiming he knows nothing, yet again.
How many MPs & Ministers has Newman lost in just over 12 months in office? Blind Freddie could have seen this coming but the Qld electorate had been stirred into such a frenzy of hatred towards the Bligh government by the Murdoch-led MSM they left their commonsense outside the polling booths. The same thing happened in NSW & this was on display for all to see but no one noticed.
The same tactics are in evidence for the upcoming .Federal election. Do hope people will have learnt their lesson by then.
J.Fraser says
Single biggest donor to newman's campaign … now that has not been reported in Queensland.
Trust the money will be paid back by newman if it turns out to be obtained fraudulently.
doctorrob54 says
If not for the RCAMB whistleblower Dirty Driscoll would still be Newmans right hand man,for the $55,000 Dirty contributed toward Newmans campaign he and his wife embezzled $1.4mill. Not a bad earn over eighteen months,ask any financial adviser.And to steal from government funds meant for the homeless and the mentally ill,"how low can anyone get"?.
Driscoll had gotten away with lowlife behaviour for so long with Newmans acceptance he assumed he could do what he pleased when he pleased.As i stated above if not for an honest,brave whistleblower Driscoll would never have been investigated and he and his wife would never have had to answer for the stolen booty.It must be pointed out her company charged and he signed for hundred of thousands of dollars for services which were never delivered.These people should be locked up and the key thrown away.
katthebrat says
Well put doctorrob. Stealing from the homeless and mentally ill is low. Both he and his greedy wife should be locked up! I live and work in Redcliffe and if dodgy Driscoll or his equally dodgy wife ever come into my shop they will given the bums rush!
Laid Back Sceptic says
There may be more to Driscoll's problems than the article discloses. It's summary at the end suggests that it could all be a bit of a beat up. Afer all Driscoll was only Patron of the community organisation. That's the position you find Governors and retired Chief Justices holding: nothing like being CEO or even Chairman or President.
As for not listing some interests in his declaration to Parliament, including some trivial directorships of non-profits, have you ever heard of such quite frequent embarrassments for MPs ever amounting to a row of beans in the end?
He may have done some shoddy shonky things, even criminal, but the article doesn't give much reason for it.
So, it's news, but it's lucky that it hasn't had to consume newsprint.
Why have my comments been omitted? Not complimentary enough to your author?
The Geek Rulz says
There is a follow up from the Courier Mail:
LNP bureaucrats knew of MP Scott Driscoll's consultancy
NEWMAN Government bureaucrats knew seven months ago of LNP MP Scott Driscoll's inappropriate involvement in a taxpayer-funded community association that gave his wife's consulting company Norsefire tens of thousands of dollars in consulting fees.
The allegations raise questions about the Newman Government's willingness to investigate the serious matters raised about the behaviour of Mr Driscoll, who has been suspended from the LNP.
http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/lnp-bureaucrats-knew-of-mp-scott-driscolls-consultancy/story-e6freoof-1226615273413


text:
Letter from Pope Francis about
Winds of Freedom, Click on Image to Enlarge
This is a moving video laying out the reasons for and the effort behind Alex Ayzin first commissioning and helping produce two full-length symphonies, Concerto for Astronauts and Winds of Freedom, and then transforming
Winds of Freedom into a Symphonic Documentary Movie in an effort to promote world peace. Songs are Russian Sailor's Dance from The Red Poppy by the Philadelphia Orchestra,
Eugene Ormandy and The Final Sacrifice by Kkev Music Production
Click Here to Watch Interview of Alex Azyin by Pete Allman
About Winds of Freedom on the OCN TV Network
This is a journey of one-man raised in Ukraine, then part of Soviet Union of Russian Republics, and trained to serve in the Soviet Navy during the Cold War. Ayzin's hopes and aspirations for the Winds of Freedom are to work for Peace around the world.
How many private citizens do you know who commissioned two full-length symphonies in an effort to change the world?
Well, now you know at least one and his name is Alex Ayzin
Winds of Freedom Carnegie Hall Program
Following the early 1986 Challenger and Chernobyl disasters, Alex Ayzin did something amazingly unusual and totally unique. At his own expense, and with little idea of the task he had set up for himself, he commissioned two-full length symphonies from classically trained Russian born composer, Emilian Sichkin. While having no formal musical training, Ayzin grew up with his father always playing the masters of classical music and so instinct and taste guided him on the path of creation with Sichkin.
First, 18-months after the January 1986 Challenger Space Shuttle explosion, came the moving tribute to those brave explorers of space and then, in 1991, with the Chernobyl nuclear meltdown disaster and a hot Cold War providing fresh motivation, the Winds of Freedom Symphony was released celebrating Man's Timeless Quest for Peace & Freedom.
Working closely with a classically trained, and extremely talented composer producing two full-length symphonies, over a five-year period of time was a challenge. Alex encouraged Emilian to employ the latest electronic synthesizers, in tribute to Greek composers Yani and Vangelis, while storyboarding his vision for both symphonies in a constant process of inspired creativity. Emilian comes from a talented and respected musical family and was trained as a classical pianist at the finest Russian conservatories.
On May 11, 1991, the Winds of Freedom Symphony debuted live at Carnegie Hall in New York City, with a full orchestra and beautiful chorus, to rave reviews and standing ovations which proved to both of them how truly powerful the music they created had become.
Alex Ayzin
In 2016, Alex Ayzin married the symphony to images and created the Winds of Freedom Documentary Video Presentation, which can be seen below, which combines stirring video and still images with the innovative and moving classical score to create an inspirational experience that brings a powerful message of hope in a chaotic world needing more peace and harmony among nations and people. While Concerto for Astronauts is a tribute to the brave astronauts lost on the Challenger, and in all risky exploration endeavors, the Winds of Freedom celebrates life, teaches history while inspiring peace and hopes for a brighter future.
Only one person in the world had the vision, drive, courage, and devotion to commissioning his own symphonies in the face of heartbreak and tragedy amid prayers for a better world. To fully comprehend the motivation of this unique man, it is necessary to read Alex Ayzin: 1 Man, 2 Symphonies & A Mission of Peace & Freedom.
Winds of Freedom is a world peace initiative launched with symphonic multimedia presentations inspired and produced by Alex Ayzin in a quest to promote peace and harmony among nations. Originally conceived as a full-length symphony, it was later combined with video to create a media event that celebrates life, teaches history, inspires peace and hopes for a brighter future.
Global Peace and Universal Love Among All Humanity is Our Highest Goal
Alex Ayzin's has brought together a combination of efforts from a diverse group of international talents to communicate the shared goals of peace and freedom. Emilian Sichkin's brilliant eight-part symphony allows for numerous multi-media versions to be created depending on the news of the day.


Is Going Public Going Out of Style?
The number of publicly traded companies continues to decline.
No matter how you slice it, the number of publicly traded companies in the United States continues to fall. On the major exchanges, there were 5,091 companies, including foreign-based ones, listed at the end of February, a 2% drop from 2009 and a 42% decline from the peak of 8,823 in 1997, according to new data from Grant Thornton. Looking across all U.S. exchanges, including the over-the-counter (OTC) market, the number of U.S.-based companies has fallen more than 30% since 2000, according to Audit Analytics.
Exactly why the number of publicly traded companies is declining is a matter of debate. Are the markets shunning companies, or are companies veering toward alternatives that don't require onerous reporting and disclosure requirements?
Companies have been disappearing from U.S. exchanges in various ways. About 140 companies left the public markets in 2010 through going-private transactions, according to FactSet MergerStat research. Those transactions, which hit a peak of about 200 per year in 2006 and 2007, included private-equity buyouts, management buyouts, and acquisitions of public companies by private companies. However, since many of those companies will subsequently go public again, experts say they don't account for much of the decline.
Other companies — approximately 375, according to CapitalIQ — were swallowed up by public companies through mergers and acquisitions. And about 100 companies were delisted from Nasdaq and the New York Stock Exchange in 2010 for being out of compliance with exchange standards, such as minimum trading prices.
At the same time, the number of IPOs has not been sufficient to replace the outflow. The swell of offerings in 2010 — 153 in total, up from 61 in 2009 — certainly helped stem some erosion. But Grant Thornton calculates that it would take more than 500 IPOs per year to grow the number of companies, and 360 just to replace delistings, volumes that are unlikely ever to occur, say Edward Kim and David Weild, senior advisers to Grant Thornton.
The cost of being a public company — namely, the price of complying with Sarbanes-Oxley — is often tagged as the most significant deterrent to companies considering the public markets. Besides the organizational processes that must be put in place to comply, the cost of an audit can shoot up drastically once a company goes public. In part because public companies tend to be larger and more complex, the average public-company audit cost $4.8 million and consumed 21,458 hours, compared with $291,200 and 2,606 hours for a private company, according to a survey of 2009 fees by Financial Executives International.
However, there is little clear evidence that Sarbox is the true culprit. On one hand, about 11% of the companies that filed to go public between January 2009 and March 2011 withdrew from the process, with many citing the cost of going and being public as the main deterrent, according to a Securities and Exchange Commission analysis.
On the other hand, companies backed by venture-capital and private-equity firms, which make up the majority of IPOs, typically run their accounting and compliance processes as if they were already public. "You don't build it to sell it, you build it to be a standalone entity and operate on a quarterly cadence from day one," said Tim Healy, CEO of EnerNoc, at a recent conference. EnerNoc, initially venture-backed, raised close to $100 million when it went public in 2007.
Kim and Weild contend that the main reason behind the decline is that markets have become inhospitable to smaller private companies looking to raise less than $50 million. They see a stream of causes related to lower trading fees, stemming first from online brokerages and new order-handling rules in the late 1990s, and then from decimalization, which reduces bid-ask spreads. All of those factors reduce banks' potential profits from a company's stock activity. The global research analyst settlement separating research from banking has also contributed to the erosion of profit margins for banks.
Given those conditions, it no longer makes sense for investment banks to support small-company IPOs with capital and research, say Kim and Weild. Small companies "are not a product anymore; they're just food for Goldman Sachs's real clients" — hedge funds looking for quick gains through IPOs, asserts Kim. With such a large universe of companies shut out, he expects the pool of publicly traded companies to continue to shrink.
The decline means it will be harder for companies to grow, Kim says; it also weakens the capital-raising reputation of the United States against its global peers. Stock exchanges in virtually every other country continue to grow, particularly in China. A recent report from the Committee on Capital Markets shows that U.S. exchanges won only 14.2% of all IPOs last year, down from 16.9% in 2009 and an average of 28.7% between 1996 and 2006.
Indeed, venture capitalists now look at $100 million as the minimum revenue threshold for an IPO, says Mark Heesen, chairman of the National Venture Capital Association. With that as the target, he says, "VCs have to invest longer and spend more time on companies that are later stage, so they have less time and money to put in companies that are earlier stage."
On the flip side, some venture capitalists are coming around to the idea that an IPO "isn't the brass ring it once was," Heesen says, and prefer the certainty and speed of a sale rather than a public offering. "I would much rather sell a company for the certainty of cash these days than go public, because [with the latter]…you may be locked up into something that looks like a falling knife," says Michael Greeley, founder and general partner of venture-capital firm Flybridge Capital Partners.
SEC chair Mary Schapiro also recently revealed that the regulator is taking "a fresh look" at ways to make small-business capital-raising easier. In an April 6 letter responding to questions from Rep. Darrell Issa (R–Calif.), head of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Schapiro noted that she had directed staff to study the possibility of expanding exemptions and sanctioning new capital-raising methods like crowd-funding for emerging businesses.
The idea is that the additional capital could help companies grow without the costs of being public, allowing them to get big enough for major exchanges faster. Last year Nasdaq saw 54 companies upgrade from the OTC market to its exchanges, according to the market's 10-K, an uptick from 47 in 2009 and 45 in 2008.
Raising the limit "would be a positive step that would reduce some red tape, and one that I think Congress will pass, but it's just one step of many that would be needed," says Kim. "I truly believe that without a completely different market model, we won't fix these problems."
Alix Stuart is CFO's senior editor for small and medium business.


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실레합니다 literally means "I am rude."
캄사합니다 and 고맙습니다. Which one is more serious and which one is for casual talk?
감사합니다 is based on chinese and 고믑습니다 is a purely Korean word. So sar as I know, either is equally acceptable. The verb ending determines the formality.
Should it be 실례합니다 감사합니다? Since it's impolite to use 고맙습니다 to a stranger? or if it's someone you know but not quite friends with yet?
It's not impolite to say 고맙습니다 to strangers. You usually say 실례합니다 if you need to get by someone in your way (or 잠시만요), or if you want to ask a question to a stranger.


text:
Q: Stack Exchange Connecting to Redis Cluster Connection error I am trying to connect our asp.net application through Stack exchange client to Redis Cluster, but I am getting an connection error shown below :
No connection is available to service this operation:
I am using the connection string :
< add key="SearchCacheRedisConnectionString" value="IP:6379,IP:6379,connectTimeout=1000,abortConnect=false,ConnectRetry=3,syncTimeout=500,keepAlive=180" />
I have used the same connection string to connect to a standalone redis instance and everything works perfectly.
Its only when i try to connect to a cluster ( 3 master 3 slave ) architecture that i am getting a connection error.
Is there a different connection string i am supposed to use to connect to a Redis Cluster or is there any specific changes i am supposed to make in my code to connect to a Cluster.
Any help will be much appreciated. Thank you

A: Could your connectTimeout be too low? The StackExchange.Redis default is 5000


text:
Q: bash equivalent to csh alias that has arguments and pipes I'm a long-time Unix and csh user. I typically have this alias in my .cshrc file on my Mac OS computer. It does an ls with an argument and then pipes it through less.
alias   dir        "ls -laF -G \!* | less -rEX"

I'm using a new system with bash. How would I write the equivalent alias in bash to put into my .bashrc file?
I've read that I need to create a function(), but the arguments and piping are not clear to me.
Any help would be appreciated.

A: It is better to use a shell function in bash than alias which has many drawbacks. This function should work for you:
dir() {
    ls -laF -G "$@" | less -rEX
}


text:
Le quartier Rive Droite est un quartier populaire de la ville d'Auxerre à l'est de la ville sur la rive droite de l'Yonne.

Description
L'ensemble résidentiel compte 3656 habitants, il comprend les ensembles des Plattes, des Mignottes, des Vauviers, de la Croix du Sud et de la Cité d'Egriselles. Ensemble construit principalement dans les années 1960, le quartier prioritaire est aujourd'hui soumis à la réhabilitation urbaine. La Gare Auxerre-Saint-Gervais est située sur le quartier. Rive Droite est aussi la voie d'accès routière pour le trafic en provenance de Troyes et Saint-Florentin par la (RN77) mais aussi par Dijon et Avallon (RN6). Le Parc Exposition Auxerrexpo est situé sur le quartier.

Notes et références

Quartier d'Auxerre
Quartier prioritaire de la politique de la ville


text:
Evie Shockley
Nashville / Tennessee / United States
Biography of Evie Shockley
Evie Shockley is an American poet. Shockley received the 2012 Hurston/Wright Legacy Award in Poetry for her book the new black and the 2012 Holmes National Poetry Prize. She was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in 2018.
Shockley is originally from Nashville, Tennessee. Shockley received a BA from Northwestern University, studied law at the University of Michigan from whence she received her JD, and received a PhD in English from Duke University.
Shockley teaches at Rutgers University-New Brunswick in New Jersey.
Her work toured South Africa in 2007 as part of Biko 30/30, an exhibit dedicated to activist Steven Biko.
She published the book Renegade Poetics: Black Aesthetics and Formal Innovation in African American Poetry in 2011. The book explores the poetics of the Black Arts Movement.
the new black, published in 2011 was lauded by poet Le Hinton and he also said Shockley was the "present and future of poetry."[4] In this book her poetry draws connections within our culture, for instance a poem that cites statistics and black lives through poetry.
In 2017 Shockley released her book of poetry, semiautomatic. Her work includes a kind of collage style that mixes more tradition forms with quizzes or labels and compares historical figures and contemporary cultural icons with scenes of civil rights movements and atrocities of the twenty first century. The title plays with the same kind of pun referring to the gun and also her take on a cycle of contemporary reactions to violence. She dedicated this book to Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi who founded Black Lives Matter.
The Gorgon Goddess (Carolina Wren Press, 2001)
a half-red sea (Carolina Wren Press, 2006)
31 words * prose poems (Belladonna* Books, 2007)
the new black (Wesleyan University Press, 2011, 2012 Hurston/Wright Legacy Award in Poetry)
Renegade Poetics: Black Aesthetics and Formal Innovation in African American Poetry (University Of Iowa Press, 2011)
semiautomatic (Wesleyan University Press, 2017)


text:
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