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The Luxurious Ambiguity of Intelligence in Hyperconnectivity
Project: Polytopia
"For my part I know nothing with any certainty, but the sight of the stars makes me dream"
The cyborgization process of becoming in which we presently take part has a long history and a very likely and highly plausible future, including wide arrays of options of radically enhancing our bodies and minds, however, the cyborgization becoming of our civilization is a multilayered, multidimensional progression that can be parsed in many ways, one of which is the hyperconnected virtualized enmeshed reality already in progress.
Here I am looking at the virtualization of identity as part of the meta-layer of the conceptual framework of cyborgization, a kind of underlying semantic infrastructure of our cyber-evolution.
More specifically I reflect upon certain linguistic needs such as the clear distinction between rigid and flaccid designators, by which we may, if we can be mindful enough and careful enough, manage a certain ambiguity into a possible liberating procedure.
(This essay belongs to the thread "Forays in Philotopia - exploring the possible Philosophy of a Polytopia")
Not long ago a friend of mine came to ask my advice about an apparently simple issue which started as a local remark and became a deep philosophical conversation between her daughter and herself, and later between us, this conversation prompted this essay.
Her daughter is a young person about to celebrate her 15th birthday and needed to fill some forms for a coming exam, in the form as is common, she needed to fill the box of gender and almost did, when she stopped and asked her mother:" why do I need to fill the box of gender? Why do they care about my gender in any case? And also what does my gender have to do with my exam, my knowledge and my understanding of the subject matter? (Before you raise your highbrows, yes she is a very bright young person).
My friend, her mother, answered, that this was the norm and she needn't make a fuss of it, it is probably used only as an indicator for statistical purposes and in any case it is the norm and accepted form of identification of the person involved and therefore one should completely disregard the meaning of the question and simply 'get-on' with it.
She did 'get-on' with it, and proceeded to fill the form, but later that evening the conversation between them resumed to the deeper aspects of the personal identity issue to which 'gender' relates as a defining characteristic, and apparently the issue of personhood and its derivative functions in society.
However the issue became complicated when said young person mentioned that in her online world she plays certain games and uses avatars that are predominantly considered male 'just for fun' (her words) she said, but really 'it doesn't matter, I don't care if I play as a male or female, my character in the online game has no 'real' gender and even if it does, I don't play as if I have a gender, I play as 'me' and I don't want to have a gender in the game, its about my know how, my capability as a player and my knowledge, none of which should be correlated to my biology".
That is the point when I was asked to give my view of the issue, in light of my working on the Polytopia project.
It is not my intention in writing this essay to deal with the issue of gender specifically but with the issue of transference (or indeed transposition) of identity designators between the actual and the virtual in general, an issue which I deem paramount for the sane evolution of our intersubjective cyborgization process.
Rigid Designators vs. Flaccid Designators
The Polytopian stance assumes a richness of mind that applies the distinction between rigid designators (Kripke) and flaccid designators (wiki) for different configurations of speech and thus dimensions of semantics.
Rigid designators (rigid designation is a property of the way terms are used, not a property of the terms themselves, - wiki) imply that the same object carries the same identity and thus the same characteristics in all possible worlds. Flaccid designators are fluid and allow for multiple options of descriptions in different worlds. The aim here is not to confront the one with the other but to propose that rigid designators should be left to conventional speech only, for purposes of efficient communication and quick look-up taxonomies. Moreover, rigid designators should not be allowed to imply ontology and / or metaphysics but to remain on the normative dimension with no necessary traceable memory (see endnotes #2). This will assume that proper names have meaning application only in as much as they reflect the necessity of accurate empirical representation. Switching to flaccid designators it is proposed here that fluid terminologies are the way to go when dealing with hyper complex systems such as identity and more particularly identity as represented in virtualities and the inter relation between said identities, especially in hyperconnectivity.
Within the motion of cyborgization in which we take part we can discern the advent of a semantic transposition from the actual to the virtual. A motion of transference of historical notions into a domain of existential realism to which those notions are not adapted and are factually obsolete. Such is the movement between terms pertaining to the conceptual category of rigid designators based on habitual ontologies that a sense of conflict rises and can be perceived when parsed in a virtual environments. No longer are we able to detect common indicators of identity, manners of representation, and styles of recognition for the simple reason that the virtual does not yield to fixed indicators. It is thus for example impossible solely by the fact of perceiving a given avatar to determine its gender, orientation, age, morphology, race and so on. In fact on first appearance it may seem that due to the motion from the actual to the virtual much information is lost and thus our capability of discernment and discrimination is the poorer for it. However, it is the Polytopian stance that this apparent paucity is in fact a false impression due to an analysis based on rigid designators not flexible enough to allow the creative value of the virtual to come into play.
At present the fact that our minds are embodied in a particular physical configuration stands as the main culprit in our habitual usage of identity indicators as rigid designators. Irrespective to the future technological possibility of mind uploads and similar post physical existences we need see that already at this stage the networked infocology in which each and every one of us to different extents exists, is already a form of non physical existence. In perceiving virtual existence as a dimension separated from traditional actuality we need assume a different set of contextual representations and thus epistemic structures that though can be bridged to regular style embodiment cannot be fully mapped to said body. This distinction if clarified allows us now to embed a re-definition of the concept of identity on the net that is distinct, different and only partially co-extensive with our physical embodiment. The issue here that we need reflect upon is that certain of our identities in virtuality are not extensions of our physicalities but have as it were, an independent or semi-independent as the case may be (such as an avatar in an online game, or SL ) existence to which, a contextual state of affairs need be defined.
No longer can we assume a central locus indicated rigidly by our bodily location to which all our identities are bound. Moreover, from a different perspective no longer can we assume that the motion of intelligence is still, in all cases, directed from the actual to the virtual. In fact, in many cases ("you are what you pretend to be … you are what you play (Turkle, 1997)#3) we will discern quite the opposite, a motion of intelligence from the virtual to the actual. And let us remember that though it is an interplay of flows, in no fashion is symmetry implied, quite the contrary in fact, in the relation between the virtual to the actual and the actual to the virtual, asymmetry reigns supreme. In some instances the flow of actuality into virtuality will gain the upper hand whilst in others the opposite will be the case. Nevertheless our effort here must emphasize the tension between those two motions and the clarification of directionality.
Whilst embodied identities maintain a formal highly structural and therefore rigid set of indicators, defined primarily as body, gender etc., our virtual identities are factually indicated in a fluid manner and thus pertain to the flaccid designators category. The initial condition of the human thus has changed and can no longer be theorized based on immovable objects of identity. What the Polytopian stance suggests is that our virtual identities are in fact social entities in and of themselves allowing a co-present, inter-subjective, hyper-connected, state of affairs, radically rewriting the codes of social encounters.
A number of different perspectives exist as of today desiring different application of the correlation actual-virtual. Some of these would like to maintain a rigid continuity of identification assuming wrongly that only such rigid continuity will allow valid confirmation of identity and thus trustworthiness (see Obama's-internet passport). Whilst there are certain domains to which such view is applicable (banking for example) in most cases pertaining to the evolution of our cyborgization this will be untrue. Same goes for the opposite view that the virtual domain should be totally and uncompromisingly free and detached from any rigid correlation and continuity to actual embodied identity. In fact most of the social entities considered as domains of interest extended in time in the infosphere pertain to neither perspective but to a middle ground grey area which is, to use the old adage, neither this nor that. Most of our cyborgization process of becoming, manifested primarily via the networked hyper-connected infocological state of affairs is fundamentally: ambiguous, uncertain, oscillating and fluctuating, and should be considered as a flow of in-betweens. The flow of in-betweens is actually comprised of multiple domains of interests, passions and relations, but more importantly perhaps, of radical creative encounters. This is the domain where the cross-pollination, cross-fertilization of human endeavor finds its home. This home, at present a fragile realm, fuzzy in its orientation yet passionate in its desire to explode into new forms of life, contains a fundamental structural instability. Though it may seem that this structural instability also called inherent approximation, is a fault line indicating a potential problem possibly degenerating into the chaos of indeterminacy, it is in my view a feature rather than a bug.
Indeterminacy is a feature not a bug
I submit to you the idea, that there is no direct continuity between an avatar and its originator, or for that matter the possibility of fully mapping an avatar, as a 'stand-in' symbol of representation, to the person that originated that same avatar. (And though at present it probably is possible to trace back an avatar to its originator, it is highly likely that given enough time and diversification, including mutations, alterations and transformations, none such will be possible or indeed desired.)
An avatar has a quasi-infinite variety of possible interpretations depending on context, on semantics and syntax, but more importantly at this stage is the understanding that the relationship between the avatar and its originator is an indeterminate relationship that inherently exhibits the characteristics of ambiguity and fuzziness.
Not only do I think that the relationship Avatar-Originator, is inherently ambiguous I propose to make this particular ambiguity, a kind of benchmark reflection on the concept of identity. A radical motion towards a possible liberating procedure, in which our consciously aware usage of the ambiguity of relationship Avatar-Originator, replaces the closely coupled, rigid designations, we still transpose from the actual to the virtual.
The indeterminacy of our identities in the hyperconnected infocologies we are presently enmeshed in, is, I believe, only an indication or the beginning, if you like, of a much greater fuzziness that is waiting for us in the process of cyborgization, to which the virtualization of identity is a crucial step.
It is my view that the evolution of intelligence, is currently undergoing a dramatic shift towards a greater uncertainty and openness, a deeper ambiguity and larger indeterminacy, a new state of affairs of mind, through which we may, if sensibly and wisely managed, become more free.
There are many ways to understand intelligence, and in many contexts, issues of problem solving, capacity of reasoning, adaptability to new environments, learning from experience, pattern recognition, judgment exercising, imagination, originality, artistic and abstract perception, complex interpretation and so on, are all possible interpretations, definitions and usages of the concept.
However for the purpose of this essay I am using a semi-poetic interpretation of the term intelligence. Here I refer to intelligence as a luxury of mind, a bonus if you like, that I use in a very specific manner. I refer to intelligence as a luxury here because I see the capacity to exist in ambiguous situations, to extract relevant information from fuzzy circumstances as non-linear and highly relevant to the new state of affairs we have co-created.
The hyperconnected virtually enmeshed infocologies, upon which we are projecting our newly minted avatars, are oscillating representations that slowly but surely are disengaging from their points of origination.
This disengagement process, itself part of our cyborgization becoming, opens new options, fresh possibilities and a wide array of potentials for the evolution of our self-descriptions into new horizons of freedom.
Issues of gender (such as the one mentioned in the little anecdote above), of race, of creed, of ethnicity, of status, of age and any other rigid designators, ought to be relegated to the conventional, indeed to the material, as it is now, to the actual. The hyperconnected virtually enmeshed infocologies, present no inherent necessity for such, unless highly specified in functionality (as in the banking example) or so chosen (as in creating an avatar with specifically chosen characteristics). In every other context the disengagement process of an ambiguous identity, is the luxury of intelligence we can finally afford, and to my eyes should passionately apply.
Finally, whether we are hard core Singularitarian, futurists, Transhuman or Extropians, philosophers, artists, AI designers or just any modern day person, using the mediums of our currently available technologies to hyperconnect we are factually performing acts of luxurious intelligence application.
It does not so much matter what exactly it is that we believe concerning the coming future of our civilization and our very nature, what matters is the manner we understand the process of becoming a better specie, a better human, a more empathic mind, rational, passionate and conscious, open to the beauty of the great uncertainty that is life.
"The only thing that makes life possible is permanent, intolerable uncertainty; not knowing what comes next."
shortly to be continued..
Endnotes :
# 1. Let me be clear here, whilst I advocate a total freedom of self-representation on the net, there are certain kinds of social interaction in which gender representation, as an example, are fundamental for the purpose of the designated interaction. Though a dating site might require the knowledge of your gender, there is no inherent reason for a requirement of gender identification in an online game. Moreover, as I see it, it is high time that we put into question most of our assumptions about identity representation and their correlated implications especially in situations where common sense dictates that no such identification is indeed necessary. This goes far deeper than the privacy versus transparency debate, this goes to the very root of the personhood perception mechanisms that we have put into place, millennia ago and need be upgraded to fit our modern day hyperconnected interfaced minds.
# 2. No necessary traceable memory I use here to designate the rigid factuality of designation of a particular individual in the original dimension of the actual that does not transpose into other possible worlds especially as refers to the virtual hyperconnected dimension. Hence though it will be true to state that person P is a female in actuality this description may not necessarily be transposed unto the virtual, and thus does not carry traceable memory.
# 3. Turkle, S. (1997). Constructions and Reconstructions of Self in Virtual Reality. In S. Kiesler (Ed.), Culture of the Internet. Hilldale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
# 4. second image in text: Double Pendulum with LEDs by Michael G Devereux
# 5. third image Succulus by Robert Pepperell
Thu, May 12, 2011 Permanent link
Categories: culture, polytopia, collective intelligence, Hyperconnectivity, cyber civilization, Web, Rhizomatic, Avatar, Ambiguity
Sent to project: Polytopia
Promote (12)
Synapses (14)
Considering a Polytopia The notes from Wildcat
Unfastened Intensions Polytopia The... from Wildcat
A Cyber Soaring Humanity from Wildcat
The Natural Asymmetry of Infocologies from Wildcat
Openness to the traffic of flows A... from Wildcat
The Future History of Individualism... from Wildcat
How to open up personal future horizon from Ilparone
Virtual Bodies Virtual Souls from rene
Hybrid futures Knowmads and the... from Wildcat
What is it like to be a Nym A... from Wildcat
A polychronicity of futures Leaking... from Wildcat
The Aesthetic Ground part 3 from Xaos
Xaos
Gaining new insights The mental... from Wildcat
Archeodatalogy Entwined Enmeshed... from Wildcat
klaitner Mon, May 30, 2011 Permanent link
I find the idea that plastic identity is a stepping stone to virtual minds very much worth exploring. I am of the opinion that the singularity (the version where we upload our brains) is not likely to be successful, as minds without an embodiment constraint to force them to stay integrated would disintegrate - a post singularity insanity, if you will. If we are to survive the transition it will require that we gain skills in managing multiple sub and supra-identities. We must become comfortable being a somewhat redundant aggregation and randomization function.
When considering platform design for identity systems or systems which depend on identity, it is advisable to think carefully about the emergent properties of the structures underpinning the system. In this regard I completely agree that the designs should specifically avoid rigid designators wherever they are unnecessary. I don't agree that banking is a good example of appropriate use of rigid designators, though the dating site example is valid re gender (though gender on a spectrum, a slider if you will rather than a checkbox). Banking requires a stable, verifiable identity, not a bio person linked one. It is rather governments that require bio person identities for the purposes of taxation and control. It is also my shared concern with yours that identity cards for the internet are extraordinary inappropriate for the medium, and that increasingly the old institutions will criminalize new behaviors until a revolution ushers in the new age (see debates around bitcoin, internet anonymity).
Rigid designators should not be allowed to imply ontology and / or metaphysics. .. reflect the necessity of accurate empirical representation
This is a nice thought, but I am unsure of the ability to enforce, except through moral suasion. I expect human beings in general are not capable of using designators purely empirically. This is why, including in your project, it is often necessary to use esoteric language to be very specific about meaning, avoiding common vernacular is it is overloaded. This naturally makes the exercise more exclusive and less capable of viral spread. The ties between language and thought (causal or not) imply word coinage may be necessary to combine the virtues of simplicity and non-traceability.
There's a degree of transference of historical notions into a domain of existential realism to which those notions are not adapted and are factually obsolete
This is the theme of any new conceptual context, that the old metaphors are recreated in the new medium, until such time as the new medium finds its own 'true' expression. Witness documents and folders on computers. The key is to introduce the new metaphors in a way that can catch on, such that we do not become limited in an essentially free medium to the constraints that exist only in our collective conciousness.
In fact, on first appearance it may seem that due to the motion from the actual to the virtual, much information is lost and thus our capabilities of discernment and discrimination are the poorer for it.. this apparent paucity is in fact a false impression .. based on rigid identifiers
This is a beautifully made point. Again it is based on trying to represent old metaphors in the new medium. Having paper on your computer screen and wondering why you cannot tear it or dog ear the corners, missing entirely the new affordances of the medium.
.. certain identities in virtuality are not extensions of our physicality but have, as it were, an independent or semi-independent existence ..
it's highly likely that given enough time and diversification, including mutations, alterations and transformations no [mapping of avatar to originator] will be possible or desirable.. the relationship between the avatar and its originator is an indeterminate one that inherently exhibits the characteristics of ambiguity and fuzziness.
I wonder whether you are making the obvious point of intelligent agents being extensions of their creators but existing in a context unknown or even unknowable by their creators, and the responsibility tracing back to the originator (say a virus and its author), or a rather broader implication that even simple representation in the virtual space has an element of indeterminacy about it - that the context and interactions the avatar has with its surroundings make it something other than an extension of self - I also wonder about the responsibility attached to the butterfly that flaps its wings for the hurricane half way around the world, not all emergence is unknowable - please comment
I do very much like the use of originator rather than owner as it reflects the fluid interests in a particular avatar or representation that become more distributed with time and interaction. This is another design feature of interest for a social platform.
.. we can no longer assume that the motion of intelligence is still, in all cases, directed from the actual to the virtual.. it is an interplay of flows, symmetry is not implied .. asymmetry reigns supreme ..
This is a fascinating theme and intuitively satisfying. What is the intelligence you are referring to here? The projection of identity? Directed causation? how does this definition
There are many ways to understand intelligence, and in many contexts, issues of problem solving, capacity of reasoning, adaptability to new environments, learning from experience, pattern recognition, judgment exercising, imagination, originality, artistic and abstract perception, complex interpretation and so on, are all possible interpretations, definitions and usages of the concept
map to your flows?
.. our cyborgization processes of becoming .. is fundamentally ambiguous .. and should be considered as a flow of in-betweens .. domains of interests, passions and relations.. a fundamental structural instability .. [an] inherent approximation
A lovely softening of the hard lines of object centric sociality, a gestalt figure and background swapping from traditional social networking models.
I propose to make this particular ambiguity [the Avatar-Originator relationship] a kind of benchmark reflection on the concept of identity. I want to see a radical motion towards a possible liberating procedures in which our concious usage of the ambiguity of this relationship replaces the closely coupled, rigid designations we still transpose from the actual to the virtual
So you think facebook sucks a priori :) I would agree this would be a fascinating design for a social network. Certainly it can merely be a usage, but as a meta layer of semantics, much more powerful / dangerous .. do you dare to eat a peach?
This is a key point, that our acceptance of greater degrees of ambiguity through the virtualization of identity is the training ground for cyborgization / mind upload is compelling.
Indeterminacy and ambiguity leads not only to greater freedom but to more natural action. Perhaps this also implies a movement towards the now, disengagement from the past and future, a simple engagement with the present not cluttered by temporal norms of identity behavior (ie consistency, alignment).
There seems to be a theme of intelligence and identity being closely linked, I wonder if you could elaborate on the nature of this relationship. Moreover, once the imperative grouping function of the body is no longer a constraint, and for example minds are all uploaded (as an extreme example) whither this relationship? Are stable forms now more akin to attractors in a chaotic flow than the bio-stabilized identities we now employ?
Thank you as always for the stimulation.
Wildcat Thu, Jun 2, 2011 Permanent link
thank you Kurt, as always your comments bring a sharp eye to difficult subjects which demand of me an effort of clarification.
K:"I find the idea that plastic identity is a stepping-stone to virtual minds very much worth exploring. I am of the opinion that the singularity (the version where we upload our brains) is not likely to be successful, as minds without an embodiment constraint to force them to stay integrated would disintegrate - a post singularity insanity, if you will. If we are to survive the transition it will require that we gain skills in managing multiple sub and supra-identities. We must become comfortable being a somewhat redundant aggregation and randomization function."
W: I really like this definition of yours:" somewhat redundant aggregation and randomization function" though I do believe that we will be able to create such a function I am not certain that the redundancy will be an inherent factor, as I see it we already contain such a skill, though admittedly in most cases we are quite unaware to the fact that we 'narrate' a fragmented sense thought state of mind into an 'apparent whole'. I think that to a very large extent we are comfortable (at least in private 'mind talk') with containing a multiple, or a multitude to follow Whitman's usage in 'song of myself'. I definitely am with you on the peril of disintegration without embodiments, however it may be the case that the function you alluded to is the new kind of embodiment we are creating.
K: " When considering platform design for identity systems or systems which depend on identity, it is advisable to think carefully about the emergent properties of the structures underpinning the system. In this regard I completely agree that the designs should specifically avoid rigid designators wherever they are unnecessary. I don't agree that banking is a good example of appropriate use of rigid designators, though the dating site example is valid re gender (though gender on a spectrum, a slider if you will rather than a checkbox). Banking requires a stable, verifiable identity, not a bio person linked one. It is rather governments that require bio person identities for the purposes of taxation and control. It is also my shared concern with yours that identity cards for the internet are extraordinary inappropriate for the medium, and that increasingly the old institutions will criminalize new behaviors until a revolution ushers in the new age (see debates around bitcoin, internet anonymity)."
W: rethinking the example I gave of banking I agree with you that the necessity is for the 'stable, verifiable identity' however I think that this will be much harder a nut to crack than it seems on face value. There are so many crucial factors that need be taken into consideration, unless of course the whole banking system changes radically. I am quite uncertain as concerns bitcoin and other future of money project, before a fundamental metamorphosis of our self described agency, as in 'intentional agency' has happened, which is partially what I am trying to advocate here.
K:"w:Rigid designators should not be allowed to imply ontology and / or metaphysics. .. reflect the necessity of accurate empirical representation
K:"This is a nice thought, but I am unsure of the ability to enforce, except through moral suasion. I expect human beings in general are not capable of using designators purely empirically. This is why, including in your project, it is often necessary to use esoteric language to be very specific about meaning, avoiding common vernacular is it is overloaded. This naturally makes the exercise more exclusive and less capable of viral spread. The ties between language and thought (causal or not) imply word coinage may be necessary to combine the virtues of simplicity and non-traceability.
W: yes I am quite aware to the difficulties involved in creating an adequate language that will encompass the needed plasticity, though it may be argued that the hyperconnected reality we are enmeshed in supplies a kind of linguistic ground to which at least part of the new generation of young adults are subject, and are factually subscribing to. (There's some new research in this respect, especially by Danah Boyd at MS, I'll try to find the relevant pdf). Nevertheless I believe that many minds are changing their usage of certain terms without even noticing, and though it may not seem so at present since we are still at a very early stage of the transit period of virtualization, the motion I think has already set in.
K: " w:"There's a degree of transference of historical notions into a domain of existential realism to which those notions are not adapted and are factually obsolete"
K:"This is the theme of any new conceptual context, that the old metaphors are recreated in the new medium, until such time as the new medium finds its own 'true' expression. Witness documents and folders on computers. The key is to introduce the new metaphors in a way that can catch on, such that we do not become limited in an essentially free medium to the constraints that exist only in our collective consciousness.
W:" of course that is what I am trying to do here but any advice as pertains introducing new metaphors in a way that can catch on is more than welcome. Also in this respect I am not sure the constraints exist as such in our collective consciousness, maybe if we substitute 'constraints exist' with ' habits have been formed'
K:" w:"In fact, on first appearance it may seem that due to the motion from the actual to the virtual, much information is lost and thus our capabilities of discernment and discrimination are the poorer for it.. this apparent paucity is in fact a false impression .. based on rigid identifiers"
K:"This is a beautifully made point. Again it is based on trying to represent old metaphors in the new medium. Having paper on your computer screen and wondering why you cannot tear it or dog ear the corners, missing entirely the new affordances of the medium.
k:"w:.. certain identities in virtuality are not extensions of our physicality but have, as it were, an independent or semi-independent existence ..
K:"I wonder whether you are making the obvious point of intelligent agents being extensions of their creators but existing in a context unknown or even unknowable by their creators, and the responsibility tracing back to the originator (say a virus and its author), or a rather broader implication that even simple representation in the virtual space has an element of indeterminacy about it - that the context and interactions the avatar has with its surroundings make it something other than an extension of self - I also wonder about the responsibility attached to the butterfly that flaps its wings for the hurricane half way around the world, not all emergence is unknowable - please comment
W: if these are the options I would rather side with the broader implication in which even simple representations in virtual space are fundamentally ambiguous, which is much more than to say they have an element of indeterminacy about them. As I see it the relation avatar-originator is a newly born realm of exploration that is truly only a prelude to the next step in the evolution of human civilization. To my eyes the revolution of mind extended via technologies of hyperconnectivity resides exactly in this domain of intersubjectivity (in the case I am trying to elaborate here the avatar has as much subjectivity as the originator, creating a new tension, or existence that I term an event. Actually it may not be untrue to posit that sooner or later the conscious aware state of mind will change location from being supervenient on the brain to being supervenient, not on the avatar, but to the tension field of avatar-originator. Eventually re-describing the whole of human experience via a new set of characteristics, which I am in the process of unfolding.
In a way the above is highly controversial and radical, but I think that as some of our sensory data is already mediated via electronic devices and augmented to a form that some call surreal, or hyperrealism, some of that which previously was called 'a thing, or object' is increasingly becoming 'informatized' (receiving a kind of new background or infocology previously lacking to our immediate observation). Given this new state of affairs I think that the whole issue of responsibility will need be re-evaluated, for in the case that I perceive a new basin of attraction (the tension avatar-originator may be seen as a strange attractor) will be considered as the new reflective point from which agency and intentionality arise.
(divided my answers into multiple for ease of reading..)
starwalker Sun, Jun 5, 2011 Permanent link
Thank you for the wide and absorbing view, the implanted lines of thought are many and active. Pausing a moment on the mechanics at play in this open redefinition of identity.
One of the reflections the essay brings to my mind is correlated to the kind of bias commonly at play while extracting order from information, the bias that brings one to locate rigidity - or constant order - before fluidity – or flow of variation, not necessarily a hard-wired bias.
From a different standpoint, a recent lecture of Metzinger on the illusion of self, presents some experiments around the ability of a human to recognize something as part of her - as herself. In the specific example the subject is as if tricked through her perception to perceive a rubber hand as hers and thus react when witnessing the stimulation of it.
What in my eyes is striking in this instance, and which connects me with the above reflection blown open in the present essay, is that the operation of recognizing something as part of one-self is, compared to what one would expect to experience or describe, surprisingly flexible and quick enough to recall an almost fluid quality. I would say even that 'the system' seems as if it is pre-disposed, if rightly stimulated, to acquire/internalize/recognize different items, whether items of description, impressions or objects, as parts of itself.
writing 'the system' because in this context it is not relevant, nor currently possible, to clearly define what it is, but at the moment looking at a multidimensional complex network of connected nodes out of which the 'sense' of existing, or, the 'subjective' experience emerges, the sense that somewhere along the last centuries we learned to call 'self'.
The impression is as if this sense of "self" is pre-disposed to expand and include relevant items that participate/filter or augment 'self' presence and expression. And one of the way we use the physical body is to discipline this expansion back to the contours of a specific identity and form (thus the need for the rigid designators) unless in very special circumstances or unique cases.
Within the paradigm of self, this tendency to expand and internalize is described both in language and attitude through 'possession' or 'ownership'. Said otherwise the overall phenomena of ownership can be looked at as a smaller case of a naturally expanding sense of self, a 'network' constantly creating new connections, which acquires and owns indiscriminately ideas, objects and personas, creating between them an emotional communication for as long as they are connected.
Yet when correlating this surprising ability of subjects with the concept of possession we sharply back off and take our distance, and one can clearly understand why, in actuality it is very easy to see how this representation can make co-existence of more than one sense of self (two or more conscious agents) in a room either impossible, or futile (either a war of ownership or a virtual split of universes)
Yet what brought to light by the process of virtualization of identity brings a new and fundamental difference into view
W: Whilst embodied identities maintain a formal highly structural and therefore rigid set of indicators, defined primarily as body, gender etc., our virtual identities are factually indicated in a fluid manner and thus pertain to the flaccid designators category. The initial condition of the human thus has changed and can no longer be theorized based on immovable objects of identity. What the Polytopian stance suggests is that our virtual identities are in fact social entities in and of themselves allowing a co-present, inter-subjective, hyper-connected, state of affairs, radically rewriting the codes of social encounters.
Part of what am reading in it is that appreciating the change in paradigm brought about by the virtualization of identity, and thus allowing a gradual release of the aspect of ownership from a centralized self within the equation of who/what we are, situate the tendency of a multidimensional complex network to dynamically include and internalize, once allowed the necessary ambiguity to operate, as yielding some very new properties and begging a re-definition of both individual and interaction.
Possibly what we mostly need is not enacted codes of confinement and contouring (though this seems the current 'natural' reaction present everywhere in our interactions), as much as to re-engineer the description of the emerging subjective "sense", building a corridor from the paradigm of 'self' having a loci and a center, towards an iterative landscape of intelligence allowing to know by processes of simultaneous overlapping – in interaction – via fluid affinity, as opposed to via ownership.
Would you correlate the process of simultaneous overlapping to what you point to as intersubjective?
looking forward to further elaborations on this line.
@Starwalker : "Would you correlate the process of simultaneous overlapping to what you point to as intersubjective?"
Thank you for the elaborate comment Starwalker, and yes I see what you are pointing at, indeed Metzinger has paved the way for a larger comprehension of the acquisition of possession by the 'self' model of representation.
However, and this is my main proposal, I think that one of the fundamental issues of the evolution of mind that is continuously being either derided as 'bad' or alternatively completely disregarded as actually happening, concerns the very real modification in our meta models of reality of that which we consider as 'me', 'us', 'mine' and so on.
If we were to take the old models of perceptual realism, fundamentally recognizing only that which extends from 'me' as 'mine', creating as it were, a concatenation of concentric circles of possession we would have been still in the Neolithic phase of our civilization evolution.
Before extending into the virtual, consider some very simple extensions of 'you' that do not correlate to any physical manifestation, how do you think about your phone number? Does it belong to you? In certain senses it was given to you by your phone company, and in this sense belongs to them, in another sense it is part of your extended identity in that this particular number represents a sequence of procedures that can lead me to you, in other words, 'you' are at the end of your phone number, and if nothing else by this sole fact I could with fair certainty conclude and rightly so, that this particular sequence 'belongs' to you. Though it is highly probable that you do not 'own' the number it is actually a part of you that you reflect upon as an extension of you. This is only a small example to try and emphasize the idea that possession and identity are very loosely correlated concepts; in fact the idea of possession or ownership of body and objects is an outdated principle that needs be upgraded to fit our modern perceptual mechanism.
What I am pointing to is the fact that our identities and by implication all that correlates to said identity should be looked upon as a field being continuously extended in the world outside our bodies, into a larger and larger framework of contexts, some of which can be objectified, as in the phone number example and others which cannot, as of yet, but still operate according to the same principle.
Our bodies at present (and for the currently perceived future) are still the main source of identity recognition under the term rigid designators, however as the field of senses extends into the virtual, more and more of our lives are extrapolated via devices that broaden us and widen our arena of positioning.
Put in the context of the above essay the continuity of overlapping processes and extensions in hyperconnectivity creates more and more nodes of subjectivity (granted that their level of subjectivity differs per mind, per usage ,per time etc.) the most important of which is the hyperconnected avatar as an extensible and highly dynamic form of possession. So what is it that we possess? My take at present is that we possess the field (again the term possess here is inaccurate, we do not possess the field as much as we curate it) and by that operate a highly complex management procedure of meanings and attributes all of which eventually imply upon our process of subjectification and thus identity.
As the process increases in depth and optionality, parts or fragments of this field call in more and more of our subject, when said fragments of the process of subjectification encounter other such fragments the development of intersubjectivity enters a new phase.
I think that this process is at its very initial phase of evolution but I can see where it may lead us, and without holding an initial qualification and value judgment I think it is a good that we do not yet recognize as such.
I will write more extensively on this subject on my next post.
Thanks for eliciting such a thought.
starwalker Tue, Jun 14, 2011 Permanent link
Find the concept of 'nodes of subjectivity' extremely interesting. In the attempt to clarify my understanding further. When using it, are you referring to it as if metaphorically speaking of different nodes in a network? the network that dynamically yields the process of subjectification?
Thus what you describe as the field would be the overall 'set of dynamics' generated upon the network by shifting connections among nodes of subjectivity; the field that defines in time configurations of possible trajectories. Thus curating the one would yield the other.
My next question would be, if this opens as the description of subjects / identities, how does such a subject compute the interaction with 'the other'; I know it categorically does not belong to the same language but what I mean is how does a process of subjectification interact with parallel processes of subjectification, other than including them and internalizing them as part of itself. In my mind at the moment it is part of a paradox in bridging between descriptions.
On one side of the spectrum the concept of Individual has relations with entities that are clearly separated and contoured from it, yet moving along the spectrum, at the moment through the process of virtualization of identity, to an area where separation is not the prime defining parameter, how are the dynamics between subjects recognized and played, or are they?
I believe there is something profoundly new in this aspect of the process, touched upon by the concept of fluid affinities, that takes a clear line of flight from the limit extrapolation of one meta subject, and yet does not base itself upon rigid separation for interaction.
As a first articulation,


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A Kent builder surprised his girlfriend of six years by proposing to her in the middle of a Christmas market, with a plane circling overhead.
Laurence Elston met Sara Rae when he was working on her nan's house in 2010.
"I fell in love straight away," he said. Sara agreed, saying it was love at first sight.
The pair already had a child each from previous relationships. Laurence has a 13-year-old daughter, Ella, and Sara has an 11-year-old son, Tom.
Laurence finally asked Sara to be the first Mrs Elston on Sunday at the Leeds Castle Christmas Market.
There were carol singers, lights, a huge tree and a historic landmark, but the 38-year-old wanted to make things extra special, so he arranged for a plane to fly past, trailing a massive banner.
The aircraft was supplied by Air Ads, of Margate.
The idea came from seeing a similar proposal years before.
"I was at the Isle of Wight Festival and I saw someone do it. It's always stuck in my head," he said.
Despite poor weather during the week, the sun came out to allow the pilot to take off from Rochester Airport and fly the banner, reading: "Sara: I love you will you marry me".
Thankfully after months of planning, she said yes.
The couple who live in Fairfield Road, Borough Green, are set to be married in 2018.


text:
More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave. By Ruth Schwartz Cowan. Home and Work: Housework, Wages, and the Ideology of Labor in the Early Republic. By Jeanne Boydston. The Female Economy: The Millinery and Dressmaking Trades, 1860-1930. By Wendy Gamber.
Author: Eleanor Hayes McConnell
McConnell, E. H., (2000) "More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave. By Ruth Schwartz Cowan. Home and Work: Housework, Wages, and the Ideology of Labor in the Early Republic. By Jeanne Boydston. The Female Economy: The Millinery and Dressmaking Trades, 1860-1930. By Wendy Gamber.", Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies 19(1), 79-82. doi: https://doi.org/10.17077/2168-569X.1340
pdf: ebf83ae3e383318eb7939f4c3d0f2ec7
McConnell, E. (2000) 'More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave. By Ruth Schwartz Cowan. Home and Work: Housework, Wages, and the Ideology of Labor in the Early Republic. By Jeanne Boydston. The Female Economy: The Millinery and Dressmaking Trades, 1860-1930. By Wendy Gamber.', Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies. 19(1) :79-82. doi: 10.17077/2168-569X.1340
McConnell, E. More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave. By Ruth Schwartz Cowan. Home and Work: Housework, Wages, and the Ideology of Labor in the Early Republic. By Jeanne Boydston. The Female Economy: The Millinery and Dressmaking Trades, 1860-1930. By Wendy Gamber.. Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies. 2000 1; 19(1) :79-82. doi: 10.17077/2168-569X.1340
McConnell, E. (2000, 1 1). More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave. By Ruth Schwartz Cowan. Home and Work: Housework, Wages, and the Ideology of Labor in the Early Republic. By Jeanne Boydston. The Female Economy: The Millinery and Dressmaking Trades, 1860-1930. By Wendy Gamber.. Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies 19(1) :79-82. doi: 10.17077/2168-569X.1340

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The following excerpt was presented by the Wisconsin Trust for Historic Preservation at the 2013 Local History and Historic Preservation Conference in early October. This excerpt is the second in a series of eight stories we will publish to the WTHP blog over the next few weeks. Please check back often for more. You can find the whole series here.
The eclectic Southport Beach House was constructed between 1936 and 1941 under the auspices of the Works Progress Administration. It was designed by Christian Borggren, a Danish-born architect in Kenosha's planning department. Recycled materials were used in the building's construction, including slate from Racine's razed Chicago & North Western Railway depot, bricks from the Bain Wagon Works, and marble from the Kenosha post office. Re-use of these quality materials enabled the beach house to achieve a higher level of finishes than otherwise would have been possible. The overall design of the Southport Beach House is an interesting mix of architectural styles, from Tudor windows and Mediterranean arches on the east facade to Classical Revival symmetry and detailing on the west facade.
The interior is pure Art Deco, with geometric ornamentation on the walls and ceiling executed in paint, raised plaster, and aluminum banding. Today, the Southport Beach House is available for public and private events. The City of Kenosha would like to restore the National Register-listed and locally landmarked building to its original elegance and has received a Wisconsin Coastal Management grant to partially fund the project. Design work is currently underway, with restoration scheduled to begin in 2014.


"The Gulf War Did Not Take Place". This audacious claim was made by the French philosopher Jean Baudrillard in March 1991, only two months after NATO forces had rained explosives on Iraq, shedding the blood of more than a hundred thousand people.
Baudrillard's argument centred on the fact that NATO's action in the Gulf was the first time audiences in Western countries had been able to watch a war live, on rolling TV news – CNN had become the first 24-hour news channel in 1980. Because camera crews were embedded with American troops, by whom they were effectively censored, the coverage had little resemblance to the reality of the bombardment of Iraq and Kuwait.
The events known to Western audiences as "The Gulf War" – symbolised by camera footage from 'precision' missiles and footage of military hardware – are more accurately understood as a movie directed from the Pentagon. They were so removed from the gore-splattered reality that it's an abuse of language to call them the same thing. Hence, the "Gulf War" did not take place.
Not long after Baudrillard's iconic essay was published, Strategic Communications Laboratories was founded. "SCL Group provides data, analytics and strategy to governments and military organisations worldwide" reads the first line of its website.
Of course, military propaganda was nothing new. And nor is the extent to which it has evolved alongside changes in media technology and economics. The film Citizen Kane tells a fictionalised version of the first tabloid (or, as Americans call it, 'yellow journalism') war: how the circulation battle between William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal and Joseph Pulitzer's New York World arguably drove the US into the 1889 Spanish American War.
It was during this affair that Hearst reportedly told his correspondent, "You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war", as parodied in Evelyn Waugh's Scoop. But after the propaganda disaster of the Tet Offensive in Vietnam softened domestic support for the war, the military planners began to devise new ways to control media reporting.
The UK defence secretary during the Falklands War when the use of embedded journalists was pioneered was John Nott (who backed Brexit). As my colleague Caroline Molloy pointed out to me, his son-in-law is Tory MP Hugo Swire, former minister in both the Northern Ireland Office and the Foreign Office. Swire's cousin – with whom he would have overlapped at Eton – is Nigel Oakes, founder of Strategic Communications Laboratories. It's not a conspiracy, just that the ruling class are all related.
But back to our history: by the time of the 2003 Iraq War, communications technology had moved on again. As the BBC's Caroline Wyatt explains in the same blog, "satellite communications are now much more sophisticated, meaning we almost always have our own means of communicating with London.
Looked at one way, neoliberalism is the successor to geographical imperialism as the "most extreme form of capitalism". It used to be that someone with a small fortune to invest could secure the biggest return by paying someone else to sail overseas, subjugate or kill people (usually people of colour) and steal them and/or their stuff.
ut they couldn't keep expanding forever – the world is only so big. And so eventually, wealthy Western investors started to shift much of their focus from opening new markets in 'far off lands' to marketising new parts of life at home. Neoliberalism is also therefore this process of marketisation: of shifting decisions from one person one vote, to one pound (or dollar or Yen or Euro) one vote. Or, as Will Davies puts it: "the disenchantment of politics by economics".
The first Iraq War – the one that "did not take place" – coincided with a key stage in this process: the rapid marketisation (read 'asset stripping') of the collapsing Soviet Union, and so the successful encirclement of the globe by Western capital.
The second Iraq War was notable for the acceleration of another key stage: the encroachment of market forces into the deepest corner of the state. During the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, according to the campaign group War on Want, private military companies "burst onto the scene".
In a 2016 report, War on Want describes how the UK became the world centre for this mercenary industry. You might know G4S as the company which checks your gas meter, but they are primarily the world's largest mercenary firm, involved in providing 'security' in war zones across the planet (don't miss my colleagues Clare Sambrook and Rebecca Omonira-Oyekanmi's excellent investigations of their work in the UK).
In Hereford alone, near the SAS headquarters, there are 14 mercenary firms, according to War on Want's report. At the height of the Iraq war, around 80 private companies were involved in the occupation.
In 2003, when UK and US forces unleashed "shock and awe" both on the Iraqi people and on their own populations down cable TV wires, the Foreign Office spent £12.6m on British private security firms, according to official figures highlighted by the Guardian.
By 2012, that figure had risen to £48.9m. In 2015, G4S alone secured a £100m contract to provide security for the British embassy in Afghanistan.
And just as the fighting was privatised, so too was the propaganda. In 2016, the Bureau of Investigative Journalism revealed that the Pentagon had paid around half a billion dollars to the British PR firm Bell Pottinger to deliver propaganda during the Iraq war.
Bell Pottinger, famous for shaping Thatcher's image, included among its clients Asma Al Assad, wife of the Syrian president. Part of their work was making fake Al Qaeda propaganda films. (The firm was forced to close last year because they made the mistake of deploying their tactics against white people).
While much of what SCL has done for the military is secret, we do know (thanks, again, to O'Hare) that it's had contracts from the UK and US departments of defence amounting to (at the very least) hundreds of thousands of dollars.
(Of course, this isn't unique to the UK and Israel. Until Cambridge Analytica achieved global infamy last week, the most prominent mercenary propaganda firm in the world was Peter Theil's company Palantir (named after the all-seeing eye in Lord of the Rings).
Theil, founder of PayPal (with Elon Musk) and an executive of Facebook, wrote a notorious essay in 2009 arguing that female enfranchisement had made democracy untenable and that someone should therefore invent the technology to destroy it.
Palantir's most prominent clients are the United States Intelligence Community, and the US Department of Defence. Cambridge Analytica whistleblower Chris Wylie claimed this week that his firm had worked with Palantir. It's also noteworthy that one of Palantir's shareholders is Field Marshal Lord Guthrie, former head of the British Army, and adviser to Veterans for Britain, one of the groups which funnelled money to AggregateIQ ahead of the European referendum.
The obvious answer is surely partly true. They could make money doing so, and so they did. If you privatise war, don't be surprised if military firms start using the tools of war on 'their own' side. When Eisenhower warned of the Military Industrial Complex, he was thinking about physical weapons.
But, just as unregulated semi-automatics invented for soldiers end up going off in American schools, it shouldn't be any kind of surprise that the weapons of information war are going off in Anglo-American votes.
But in a more general sense, this whole history is exactly what Brexit was about for many of the powerful people who pushed for it. As we've been investigating the secret donation which paid for the DUP Brexit campaign, we keep coming across this web of connections.
Priti Patel worked for Bell Pottinger in Bahrain. Richard Cook, the front man for the secret donation to the DUP, set up a business in 2013 with the former head of Saudi intelligence and a Danish man involved in running guns to Hindu radicals who told us he was a spy. David Banks, who ran Veterans for Britain, worked in PR in the Middle East for four years – and Veterans for Britain more generally is full of these contacts.
But what the Cambridge Analytica affair reminds us of is that this is not just about the money laundry lobby (nor the agrochemical lobby). Another group with a strong interest in pushing such deregulation, dimming transparency, hyping Islamophobia in America and turning peoples against each other is our flourishing mercenary complex – one of the only other industries in which Britain leads the world. And so it's no surprise that its propaganda wing has turned the skills it's learned in war towards its desired political outcomes.
In his essay, Baudrillard argued that his observations about the changes in military propaganda told us something about the then new post-Cold War era.
Cambridge Analytica is what happens when you privatise your military propaganda operation. It walked into the space created when social media killed journalism.
It is yet another example of tools developed to subjugate people elsewhere in the world being used on the domestic populations of the Western countries in which they were built. It marks the point at which neoliberal capitalism reaches its zenith, and ascends to surveillance capitalism.
And the best possible response is to create a democratic media which can't be bought by propagandists.


text:
Николай Филиппович Скутельник () — советский военачальник, участник Первой мировой, Гражданской, советско-финляндской и Великой Отечественной войн. Полковник (1938). Командир 386-й стрелковой дивизии. Участник обороны Севастополя во II секторе Севастопольского оборонительного района. Контуженым попал в плен, находился в концлагерях. Пятикратный кавалер Ордена Красного Знамени. Персональный пенсионер союзного значения.

Биография
Родился 20 июня 1893 года в местечке Секуряны Хотинского уезда Бессарабской губернии. Украинец.

В Русской императорской армии
В Русской императорской армии с августа 1914 по ноябрь 1917 года. В Первую мировую войну Н. Ф. Скутельник был мобилизован на военную службу в августе 1914 года и направлен на Юго-Западный фронт в кавалерийский эскадрон при 11-й армии. По окончании в 1915 году трехмесячного курса учебной команды служил в том же эскадроне ефрейтором и младшим унтер-офицером. Участвовал в боях в Волынской губернии.

Гражданская война
После Октябрьской революции 1917 года перешел из эскадрона в Красную гвардию и проходил службу помощником командира взвода. В Гражданскую войну Н. Ф. Скутельник в октябре 1918 года перешел из Красной гвардии в партизанский отряд, формировавшийся на станции Матейково (близ Каменец-Подольска), который боролся за освобождение Бессарабии от румынских войск. В начале января 1919 года отряд принимал участие в вооруженном восстании в Бессарабии. После поражения его остатки перешли через реку Днестр в районе Каменец-Подольска.

После выхода в расположение Красной армии Н. Ф. Скутельник был направлен на формирование эскадрона в составе Ямпольского отряда. При слиянии отрядов там же был сформирован 1-й Бессарабский кавалерийский полк, вошедший затем в Особую бригаду Г. И. Котовского. В этом полку проходил службу красноармейцем и командиром взвода. В начале 1920 года полк в составе бригады вошел в 45-ю стрелковую дивизию, а Н. Ф. Скутельник в феврале был назначен командиром эскадрона. В составе этих частей участвовал в боях с петлюровцами и деникинскими войсками под Одессой, затем в арьергардных боях при отходе на Житомир. В ноябре 1919 года дивизия была переброшена под Петроград против войск генерала Н. Н. Юденича, затем возвращена на Южный фронт и участвовала в боях на Правобережье Днепра, в районах Александровска и Одессы.

Из воспоминаний Е. И. Морозова: «…Котовский развернул карту и поглядел на Ульриха (своего заместителя): — Сейчас же пошли эскадрон Скутельника вот сюда! — Он указал место на карте. — Там пылит не то обоз, не то пехотная колонна. Наша пехота ещё позади, стало быть, пусть проверит и действует по обстоятельствам. Ульрих сделал карандашом пометку на своей карте и побежал в рощу. А через две-три минуты эскадрон Скутельника и взвод пулеметных тачанок вынеслись из рощи, пересекли дорогу и скрылись в солнечном мареве».

В мае 1920 года она была передислоцирована на Юго-Западный фронт и вела бои с белополяками, участвуя в Киевской операции, в наступлении на львовском направлении и последующем отходе на восток. В июне — сентябре 1921 года в составе Особой кавалерийской бригады Г. И. Котовского командиром эскадрона принимал участие в подавлении Тамбовского вооруженного восстания А. С. Антонова в Тамбовской губернии. Боролся с бандами Ю. О. Тютюнника под Коростенем и Звенигородкой. За мужество и героизм в боях при взятии Одессы, на Польском фронте и при подавлении Тамбовского восстания Н. Ф. Скутельник был награждён 2 орденами Красного Знамени. За период Гражданской войны имел два ранения, оба в 1920 году.

Сам Скутельник в преклонном возрасте вспоминал: «В ночь на 7 февраля 1920 года мой эскадрон был выделен головным отрядом от кавалерийской бригады во время наступления на Одессу. На рассвете на окраине Пересыпи удалось окружить белогвардейскую заставу, что способствовало проходу всей бригады через Пересыпь без сопротивления со стороны белых. Вот за что был награждён орденом Красного Знамени».

Карьера в РККА

В ноябре 1922 года на базе Особой кавалерийской бригады была развернута 4-я кавалерийская дивизия, переименованная в январе 1923 года в 3-ю кавалерийскую дивизия имени Г. И. Котовского. При переформировании 1-й Бессарабский кавалерийский полк переименован в 16-й, затем в 13-й кавалерийский с дислокацией в городе Бердичев. В этом полку Н. Ф. Скутельник командовал эскадроном до октября 1924 года окончил высшие повторные курсы комсостава при 2-м кавалерийском корпусе УВО (1924), после чего был командирован на учёбу в Киевскую объединённую школу подготовки командиров им. С. С. Каменева. В октябре 1926 году окончил её и вновь назначен командиром эскадрона в 13-й кавалерийский полк.

Член ВКП(б) с 1926 года. Дважды избирался членом ЦИК Молдавской Автономной Советской Социалистической Республики.

С июля 1928 года он командовал отдельным территориальным эскадроном Бессарабской коммуны им. Г. И. Котовского, а в мае 1930 года переведен командиром 54-го отдельного запасного кавалерийского эскадрона в районе Бердичева. С ноября 1931 по июнь 1932 проходил переподготовку на Краснознаменных кавалерийских КУКС РККА в городе Новочеркасск. По окончании их направлен во 2-й запасной кавалерийский полк в городе Павлоград, где проходил службу начальником полковой школы и помощником командира полка по хозяйственной части. В сентябре 1935 года назначен командиром 3-го запасного кавалерийского полка в городе Кирсанов. Майор (1936 приказ НКО № 0736/п). Полковник (17.4.1938 приказ НКО № 0248).

В мае 1939 года был переведен в БОВО командиром 56-го кавалерийского полка 24-й кавалерийской дивизии. В сентябре — октябре участвовал с ним в походе в Западную Белоруссию. С 1 января по 13 марта 1940 года полковник Н. Ф. Скутельник был командиром 56-го мотокавалерийского полка 24-й мотокавалерийской дивизии и принимал участие в Советско-финляндской войне 1939—1940 годов. За отличия в боях март 1940 года он был награждён орденом Красной Звезды.

По окончании боевых действий до августа 1940 года находился в госпитале по ранению, затем вновь командовал 56-м кавалерийским полком в городе Кировабад. 1 апреля 1941 года назначен заместителем командира 47-й горнострелковой дивизии.

Великая Отечественная война
С началом Великой Отечественной войны в той же должности. В конце августа 1941 года полковник Н. Ф. Скутельник назначен командиром 386-й стрелковой дивизией, формировавшейся в Тбилиси. После сформирования до 25 октября она подчинялась командованию войсками Закавказского фронта, затем вошла в 47-ю армию и получила задачу на прикрытие Военно-Грузинской дороги в районе Главного Кавказского хребта. С 25 ноября дивизия была передана 46-й армии и передислоцирована в район Зугдиди, Очемчири, Сухуми, где выполняла задачи по обороне побережья Чёрного моря на фронте Новый Афон — Анаклия. С 24 по 28 декабря она морем передислоцировалась в Севастополь в состав Приморской армии и до конца июня 1942 года вела тяжелые оборонительные бои по обороне города. Её части обороняли 2-й сектор в районе Камары, Верхняя Чоргунь, Новые Шули. Весной полковник Н. Ф. Скутельник после И. А. Ласкина исполнял обязанности коменданта сектора.

Н. И. Крылов, маршал Советского Союза, в июне 1942 начальник штаба Приморской армии, вспоминал: «В 386-ю стрелковую дивизию полковника Скутельника поехали однажды втроем — командарм, член Военного совета Чухнов и я. За эту дивизию, малообстрелянную, все ещё было неспокойно. Дивизия вместе с бригадой Жидилова прикрывала левый фланг очень ответственного ялтинского направления. Оно не стало главным в декабре, могло не стать им и в июне, однако сам рельеф местности всегда заставлял считать вероятной попытку прорыва танков к Сапун-горе. После того как около месяца назад в 386-й СД — в связи с обнаружившимися недостатками в организации обороны — было проведено выездное заседание Военного совета, здесь много сделали для укрепления своих рубежей.»

В последние дни обороны Севастополя 27 июня 1942 года, находясь на КП дивизии, полковник Н. Ф. Скутельник был ранен и на следующий день доставлен в Камышевую бухту для эвакуации, но эвакуироваться не смог. В ночь с 30 июня на 1 июля при взрыве 35-й морской береговой батареи был тяжело контужен и в бессознательном состоянии переведен в подземный проход этой батареи к морю. 10 июля, находясь в скалах, был захвачен в плен и доставлен сначала в бывший лазарет 35-й морской береговой батареи, затем в Севастополь.

Из воспоминаний бывшего заместителя командира 345-й СД И. Ф. Хомича: «Числа шестого или седьмого июля, когда мы уже сидели под кручей, я увидел двух пробиравшихся по камням командиров. Молодой лейтенант вел за руку невысокого коренастого человека с наглухо забинтованной головой и руками. Когда они пробрались к нашему гроту, я узнал в раненом Скутельника. Разговаривать он не мог. Мне рассказали, что полковник обгорел при взрыве на 35-й морской батарее».

Считался погибшим в 1942 году приказ ГУК НКО № 01899 от 25.11.1943.

Через 10 дней переведен в лазарет при тюрьме Симферополь. В середине августа 1941 года оттуда направлен в лагерь военнопленных в Виннице, затем 20 сентября — во Владимир-Волынский лагерь, а через 5 дней — в лагерь в городе Зальцштер. С 6 марта 1943 года содержался в тюрьме города Нюрнберг, с 10 февраля 1944 года — в лагере военнопленных город Вайден, с 23 марта — в крепости Вюльцбург. 26 апреля 1945 года был освобожден американскими войсками и передан командованию Красной армии в городе Баден. С 28 июля по 9 октября 1945 года прошел проверку в 1-й Горьковской запасной дивизии, затем зачислен в распоряжение ГУК НКО. 17 апреля 1946 года был уволен в отставку по болезни.

В 1967 году к 50-летию СССР, Президиум Верховного Совета СССР удостоил участника Гражданской войны Н. Ф. Скрутельника пятого ордена Красного Знамени.

Участвовал в ветеранском движении, член КПСС с шестидесятилетним стажем, насколько позволяли силы, продолжал трудиться: учил молодежь, выступая на предприятиях, в школах Одессы. Торжественно отмечался его 90-й и 95-й юбилей. Являлся персональным пенсионером союзного значения. Проживал в Одессе на улице Космонавтов.

Умер в 1994 году в возрасте 101 год.

Награды
В порядке присвоения
 Орден Красного Знамени Приказ РВС СССР № 202 от 31 декабря 1923 года. Орден Красное Знамя РСФСР № 4385. Грамота № 2042. на основании приказа РВСР 1919 года № 511
 Орден Красного Знамени Приказ РВС СССР № 538 от 24 сентября 1929 года. Орден Красное Знамя РСФСР № 59 «2». Грамота № 7413.
 Медаль XX лет Рабоче-Крестьянской Красной Армии 22.02.1938
 Орден Красной Звезды Указ ПВС СССР от 19.05.1940 г. Орден Красной Звезды № 12994.
 Медаль «За оборону Севастополя» 1942
 Орден Красного Знамени Указ ПВС от 24.7.1942 г. Орден Красное Знамя СССР № 2027
 Орден Красного Знамени Указ ПВС СССР от 6.5.1946 г. Орден Красное Знамя СССР № 397
 Медаль «За победу над Германией в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.» 1946
 Орден Ленина Указ ПВС СССР от 5.11.1946 г. Орден Ленина № 54097
 Орден Красного Знамени Указ ПВС СССР от 1967
 Орден Отечественной войны I степени 06.04.1985

Библиография

Примечания

Литература
 Великая Отечественная: Комдивы. Военный биографический словарь. Том V. Командиры стрелковых, горнострелковых дивизий, крымских, полярных, петрозаводских дивизий, дивизий ребольского направления, истребительных дивизий. (Пивоваров — Яцун) / Д. А. Цапаев, Б. А. Введенский, О. В. Коцур [и др.]; под общей редакцией генерал-полковника В. П. Горемыкина — М.: Кучково поле, 2014. — 1168 с.: ил.

Участники Первой мировой войны (Россия)
Участники Гражданской войны в России (красные)
Участники советско-финляндской войны (1939—1940)
Участники Великой Отечественной войны
Участники обороны Севастополя (1941—1942)
Командиры дивизий в Великой Отечественной войне
Военнопленные СССР
Члены ЦИК автономных республик СССР
Персональные пенсионеры союзного значения
Долгожители СССР

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07/04/2017 by Money Saving Journeys - This post may contain affiliate links.
Not all Techniques work for all.
First of all, it is important to remember to find a revision technique that suits your child. My son tried revision cards, but then found these hard to absorb, preferring to read out of printed revision guides with images rather than just text. Mind maps are also a great way to learn for some and we have had some success with these.
Make their revision time as enjoyable as possible.
Our son revises away from the hustle and bustle of the family and his favourite place to revise is on the settee (with the TV off, of course), a blanket (for comfort), a hot water bottle (if it's cold), a drink and a snack. He has a small table to rest his books on and make notes.
One of the best things we have done is draw up a revision timetable. There are websites that you can sign up for FREE which will produce one for you. All you need to do is enter the dates of the upcoming exams and it will format one for you based on that.
I created a simple table and then listed the subjects, spilt by component, in the top row. I find by using a timetable, my son knows exactly what he needs to be revising during each particular slot and it ensures that nothing is missed. He also uses this timetable to make notes on where he has got to, if there is a section he needs to go over again, or if he has extra revision cards for a particular subject.
Much to our son's annoyance, we have 'encouraged' him to begin revising NOW and I am sure he is not the only one. He does 2 hours each night after school as well as up to 6 hours each day at the weekend. Starting early will allow time off in the future if he is ill or has something he needs to attend and means they won't be panicking about lack of time.
Our timetable has 50 minute slots, with 10 minutes break between each session and an hour and 10 minutes for lunch. This almost replicates the school day and means that if he starts at 9 am on a weekend, he is finished by 4 pm and free to do whatever he chooses. Each 50 minute slot is a different subject, keeping the learning fresh.
There are some subject which my son struggles to revise on his own – maths being the main one – so we sit together and work through practice questions and techniques.
Using past or practice exam papers is invaluable. We have been given quite a few from the school but you can also find these FREE online. Check the relevant exam board website.
Last, but not least, just be there for them. Sometimes they don't need anything but to know you are there if they need you. Let them know they have your full support. We are constantly telling our son that 'we are in this together'.
I hope you find some of these points useful. I hope things go really well for the exams and that our young people achieve all they wish.


The management concentration promotes the understanding of new, creative ways of managerial thinking and practice, cultural flexibility, and adapting to new situations. It integrates theories and practices and provides a comprehensive body of knowledge about how students as future managers can become effective leaders in rapidly evolving environments. It focuses on providing a broad overview of the new context of contemporary organizations with an emphasis on theories and research findings that offer insights and practical knowledge about effective management. Graduates in management concentration develop knowledge and skills needed to ethically manage and lead small and large organizations with the goal of satisfying stakeholders' claims on the firm. Graduates have the opportunity start their own business or participate in for-profit and non-profit organizations.
1. Describe the role and behavior of organizations in modern societies, managerial functions, the tools of modern management and recognize how to use these tools to assemble facts, analyze problem situations, evaluate and implement theories and technique.
2. Recognize the contemporary challenges facing managers: managerial ethics and corporate social responsibility and international management.
3. Apply learning experiences in management that will instill in students a relentless desire to continue their learning throughout their lives, discover continuing professional development and renewal as well as examine opportunities for personal growth using critical thinking.
4. Demonstrate the critical role of effective leadership and high ethical standards among students as future managers and leaders.
Program Requirements: Business Administration: Management (B.S.): 120 s.h.


text:
Q: диалоговое окно с проверкой корректности ввода данных Доброго времени суток
Я все так и не успел освоить js и $, но без их помощи видимо никак, а следовательно и без Вашей тоже)
нужно простое окно, в которое будет введено имя, которое в дальнейшем будет передаваться на сервер. если в поле какие-то символы введены, то переходим на страничку, если нажата "Отмена" или поле осталось пустым, то должно вновь выскакивать первое окно
Думал реализовать как-то так, но в элзе, чтобы переводило на первый вопрос, или как минимум не переводило на страничку, а блокировало, но с функцией, что-то не работает, наверное что-то не так с кодом было(
 var person = prompt("введите свое имя");
 if (person) {
     }   else alert("Вы ввели не корректное имя, перезагрузите страницу, чтобы ваши данные сохранились");

A:

var str = prompt('введи строку', '');
while(str != 'строка') {
str = prompt('введи строку', '');
}
location.replace('http://yandex.ru');

A: pepel_xD, спасибо за помощь, но по предложенному коду, чтобы перейти на страницу нужно в поле ввода ввести именно "строка", мне же нужно, чтобы переходило по любому значению, кроме пустой строки
изменил условие, но теперь при нажатии в окне на "Отмена" тоже цикл прерывается, то есть можно попасть на страничку не вводя имя, или указав его, но нажав на кнопку "Отмена" передается null
этот вопрос так же, все еще вызывает интерес?) (1)
var str = prompt('введи строку', '');
while (str == '') {
   str = prompt('введи строку', '');
}

но полученная информация из первого ответа на пост привела к тому, что я решил изменить задачу и давать доступ, только людям с определенными именами и думал, что реализую это следующим образом:
var str = prompt('введи строку', '');
while (str != 'Вася' || str != 'Петя') {
    str = prompt('введи строку', '');
}

то есть, если ввели указанные имена, то все ок, проходим дальше, если же нет, то опять запрос на ввод имени, но почему то не работает, можно ли таким образом вводить условие в цикле? (2)
в конечном итоге реализовал так:
var str = prompt('введи строку', '');
while(str !='какой-то_ключ') {
    if (str == 'Вася') break;
    else if (str == 'Петя') break;
    str = prompt('введи строку', '');
}

на вопросы (1) и (2) все так же интересно получить ответы, так что с большой благодарностью приму помощь)

A: Вам необходимо проверять введённое значение на:

*

*Пустота строки (проверка на булево значение false);

*ESC, отмена (проверка на null).

отсюда следует:
let userName = prompt("Enter ur name, pls");

while (userName == null || !userName ) {
  userName = prompt("Sorry.. repeat ur name, pls");
}

В случае с отменой (esc) в prompt - значение переменной присваивается "null"

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"TRIPLE BARRIER PROTECTION" - "We kill what bugs you!"
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This is where the majority of the service is performed. It starts with a 5 foot wide barrier of a sand based granule that is broadcasted around the structure. The granules settle at the soil level and activated by water. (Rain or Sprinklers) This is your first line of defense. The second line of defense on the exterior consists of spray application that is applied to the foundation up to 3 feet high, accessible overhang perimeter, around window/door frames as well as various other cracks and crevices on the exterior of the structure.
Hired Killers Pest Control is one of a few companies that use a backpack sprayer to make applications instead of a large power sprayer. This is important in that control of pest can be obtained by using much smaller volumes pesticide in our environment, which is best for all!!
The third phase in our "Triple Barrier Protection" method takes place indoors and sets in place your final line of defense. It consists of an application to the baseboard perimeter of the home, pipe fittings under sinks, window tracks, and under appliances. Various other areas in your home may be treated depending on conducive conditions found and your individual needs. Bait and insect traps are also utilized on the interior in sensitive areas of the home or for specific infestations.


text:
Korn & Yelawolf release "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" cover for charity
Andrew Sacher Published: July 28, 2020
Korn and rapper Yelawolf have paid tribute to the late Charlie Daniels with a metallic cover of Daniels' signature song, "The Devil Went Down to Georgia." All proceeds benefit Awakening Youth, "a nonprofit organization devoted to young people faced with the loss of a parent due to divorce, addiction, death, being surrendered for adoption, or other reasons" that also "figured prominently" in LOUD KRAZY LOVE, the documentary about Korn guitarist and co-founder Brian "Head" Welch.
Korn frontman Jonathan Davis says, "I've always said it, but country music is some of the darkest ever. Merle Haggard, Buck Owens, and, of course, Charlie Daniels all turned pain into some really powerful music that sounded alive. 'The Devil Went Down To Georgia' is a classic story, and we wanted to release it now to help others in need."
Korn also write:
We're very excited to bring you our cover of the late, great Charlie Daniels' infamous track, "The Devil Went Down To Georgia." Charlie left a musical legacy that goes beyond just one genre, and we want to honor his talent and influence with our own rendition of his song. It is available exclusively via Bandcamp, where 100% of all proceeds are being donated to the non-profit organization, Awakening Youth. Special thanks to our boy Yelawolf for jumping on the track with us.
Join us in supporting Awakening Youth's mission, which empowers young people who have lost regular interaction with a parent to life events such as divorce, addiction, death, and more, to realize positive change in their lives and awaken the motivation to be their best selves.
Korn will also be talking more about Charlie Daniels and Awakening Youth, taking fan questions, and giving away special merch on Instagram Live today (7/28) at 6 PM ET.
The new song is out now exclusively on Bandcamp, and in other news, Korn are now on Bandcamp. Listen below:
Filed Under: Korn, Yelawolf
Categories: Heavy Metal News, Hip Hop news, Music News


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Torrent Duck Pair
Home / Photos / Birds / Torrent Duck Pair
Male torrent ducks (drakes) have a striking black and white head and neck pattern and a red bill as evidenced by this photograph. Both of these are males and they are competing for a female (hen) just to camera right. In flight they show dark wings with a green speculum. You can see this speculum in another photograph, "Male Torrent Ducks Displaying". Females of all subspecies are somewhat smaller than the drakes; they have orange underparts and throat, with the head and upper parts grey and a yellower bill. See my other photograph, "Male Torrent Ducks Posturing for a Fight". Juveniles are pale grey above and whitish below.
Torrent Ducks inhabit the Andes mountains of western South American from the southern tip of Argentina all the way north to Venezuela. See the inserted range map. Unlike most waterfowl that prefer calm pools or sluggish water, this is a duck of fast-flowing rivers and streams above 4900 feet. Although able to swim up-current with no apparent exertion, Torrent Ducks are reluctant to fly more than very short distances. They nest in small waterside caves and other sheltered spots. Seldom associating with other water fowl, Torrent Ducks are almost always seen as singles or pairs. They feed mainly on aquatic invertebrates, mainly insect larvae, mollusks and crustaceans and probably some fish and terrestrial worms. I photographed these Torrent Ducks in the Rio Quijos River in Ecuador not far from Guango Lodge.
Torrent Ducks are not quite as large as Mallards, ranging 17–18 in long. They are about the size of North America's Wood Duck.
Male torrent ducks have a striking black and white head and neck pattern and a red bill. In flight they show dark wings with a green speculum. Females of all subspecies are somewhat smaller than the drakes; they have orange underparts and throat, with the head and upperparts grey and a yellower bill. Juveniles are pale grey above and whitish below.
The male's call is a shrill whistle, while the female's is a throatier whistle.
This is a declining species due to competition for its invertebrate food from introduced trout, pollution, forest destruction, and damming of mountain rivers for hydroelectric schemes. The Chilean population seems to be relatively stable, while the more northern ones are more seriously affected. However, the overall population is still large enough to warrant classification as a Species of Least Concern in the IUCN Redlist.
The subspecies taxonomy can be confusing. Males of the southern nominate subspecies M. a. armata, the Chilean torrent duck, have grey back and blackish underparts, with a chestnut belly. Males of the slightly smaller northern subspecies, the Colombian torrent duck, M. a. colombiana, are paler underneath, with streaked grey-brown underparts. Males of a third subspecies, the Peruvian torrent duck, M. a. leucogenis, are intermediate but very variable in plumage; some have entirely black underparts (turneri morph). Only males of the Chilean torrent duck have a black 'teardrop' mark beneath the eye. The Peruvian torrent duck is sometimes split into 4 subspecies (leucogenis, turneri, garleppi and berlepschi), but these are more likely simply color variations, as they are not limited to distinct areas.
Torrent ducks, like other perching ducks (e.g. North America's Wood Duck, Black-bellied Whistling Duck, Fulvous Whistling Duck) have a spur or boney extension at the wing bend; analogous to our elbow. This assists them climbing over slippery rocks in their fast-current environments. Male and female Torrent Ducks display sexual dimorphism. The sexes have significantly different plumages as this photo clearly shows.
Northern Cardinal, Female
Louisiana Waterthrush Singing on a Stump
Eagle with Splashes
Hooded Warbler With Bug Head Up
Bear (Grizzly) with Claws on a Fish
Eastern Screech Owl, Gray Phase
Bear Catching a Fish
Tandayapa Sunrise
Jaguar Sleeping
Next PhotoTorren Ducks Posturing for a FightNext


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Email notification may be insufficient to enforce company's arbitration policy
Home The LawBlog Email notification may be insufficient to enforce company's arbitration policy
The First Circuit Court of Appeals recently held, in Campbell v. General Dynamics Government Systems Corp., that an employer's use of email was insufficient to notify employees regarding a mandatory arbitration policy. As a result, the court dismissed the company's attempt to force employees to arbitrate a grievance under the Americans with Disabilities Act, rather than bringing suit in court.
In upholding the federal District Court's ruling in favor of the employee, Roderick Campbell, the First Circuit held that the email was insufficient notice to him of the mandatory arbitration policy, where ADEA required that agreements to arbitrate must be set forth in a written provision of a contract. The court pointed to the letter's failure to inform employees that the attached policy affected their legal rights to bring suit in court and to emphasize the mandatory nature of the attached policy.
The court emphasized, however, that notice via email was not per se insufficient. The court determined here that had the email (a) been more specific in setting out the details of the arbitration policy, or (b) included a way for employees to acknowledge acceptance, it may have been sufficient. Further, the court pointed out that employees could be put on notice, where a pattern of communicating employment terms via email was established.
In this case, though, the notice came by company wide email consisting of a letter from the president of the company and an attachment. The letter encouraged recipients to read the attachments carefully, as the policy was an integral part of their employment. The attachment contained a copy of the policy, claims forms and a brochure summarizing the policy.
Campbell was subsequently fired, and he sued, claiming discrimination. The employer petitioned the federal District Court to order plaintiff to bring his claim under the arbitration policy, and was denied..
June 9, 2005 / Blog / Tags: arbitration
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Brady arbitration success
Class Action Arbitration Waivers Unenforceable
Gretchen Carlson: How Arbitration Clauses Allow Sexual Harassment to Continue


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Klaudia Medlová (ur. 26 października 1993 w Bratysławie) – słowacka snowboardzistka specjalizująca się w slopestyle'u i big air, brązowa medalistka mistrzostw świata.

Kariera
Po raz pierwszy na arenie międzynarodowej pojawiła się w 2010 roku, startując na mistrzostwach świata juniorów w Cardronie. Zajęła tam dziewiąte miejsce w slopestyle'u, a w big air wywalczyła brązowy medal. Jeszcze trzykrotnie startowała na imprezach tego cyklu, najlepszy wynik osiągając podczas mistrzostwach świata juniorów w Erzurum w 2013 roku, gdzie była ósma w slopestyle'u.

W zawodach Pucharu Świata zadebiutowała 16 marca 2013 roku w Szpindlerowym Młynie, zajmując 46. miejsce w slopestyle'u. Pierwszy raz na podium zawodów tego cyklu stanęła 6 marca 2014 roku w Kreischbergu, kończąc rywalizację w slopestyle'u na trzeciej pozycji. W zawodach tych wyprzedziły ją jedynie Czeszka Šárka Pančochová i Henna Ikola z Finlandii. Najlepsze wyniki w osiągnęła w sezonie 2014/2015, kiedy to zajęła drugie miejsce w klasyfikacji generalnej AFU, a w klasyfikacji slopestyle'a była również druga.

Największy sukces w karierze osiągnęła w 2015 roku, kiedy podczas mistrzostw świata w Kreischbergu zdobyła brązowy medal w slopestyle'u. Tym razem lepsze okazały się tylko Miyabi Onitsuka z Japonii i Austriaczka Anna Gasser. Na tej samej imprezie była też czwarta w big air, przegrywając walkę o podium z Siną Candrian ze Szwajcarii. Była też między innymi ósma w slopestyle'u na mistrzostwach świata w La Molina w 2011 roku. W 2018 roku wystartowała na igrzyskach olimpijskich w Pjongczangu, gdzie zajęła 23. pozycję w big air oraz 24. w slopestyle'u.

Osiągnięcia

Igrzyska olimpijskie

Mistrzostwa świata

Puchar Świata

Miejsca w klasyfikacji generalnej
 AFU
 sezon 2013/2014: 22.
 sezon 2014/2015: 2.
 sezon 2016/2017: 13.
 sezon 2017/2018: 22.
 sezon 2018/2019: 11.
 sezon 2019/2020: 40.
 sezon 2020/2021: 17.

Miejsca na podium w zawodach
  Kreischberg – 6 marca 2014 (slopestyle) – 3. miejsce
  Stoneham – 20 lutego 2015 (Big air) – 3. miejsce
  Stoneham – 21 lutego 2015 (slopestyle) – 3. miejsce
  Szpindlerowy Młyn – 14 marca 2015 (slopestyle) – 2. miejsce
  Copper Mountain – 17 grudnia 2016 (Big air) – 3. miejsce
  Moskwa – 7 stycznia 2017 (Big air) – 3. miejsce
  Cardrona – 8 września 2018 (Big air) – 3. miejsce
  Québec – 16 marca 2019 (Big air) – 3. miejsce

Bibliografia
 Profil na stronie FIS

Przypisy

Słowaccy snowboardziści
Ludzie urodzeni w Bratysławie
Urodzeni w 1993
Uczestnicy Zimowych Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2018
Słowaccy olimpijczycy


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