With the development of new electronic devices, components are getting smaller and smaller, and the demand is increasing. Not surprisingly, miniaturization and ever-increasing power and cooling requirements have significantly increased the frequency of voids, especially at the bottom of the bottom-end device (BTC) such as the quad flat no-lead device (QFN). At present, the call for mitigating this defect is getting louder and louder, and some manufacturers even explicitly specify that the hole rate under the ground plane should be as close as possible to zero.
Automated X-ray Inspection (AXI) equipment uses X-rays to penetrate PCB boards and acquire images on dedicated imaging sensors, which realizes the perspective of PCB boards and solves the quality control of component packaging such as BGA and CSP. problem. According to the needs, AXI can be designed into 2D/3D. Because the solder joint contains an alloy of lead and tin which can absorb a large amount of X-rays, it is irradiated in comparison with X-rays passing through other materials such as glass fiber, copper and silicon. The X-rays on the dots are absorbed in a large amount to form a black image, and then the solder joint defects can be automatically verified by image analysis calculation.
The question is how to alleviate what you can't even see? X-ray analysis can be used to measure voids in electronic components. However, there are many different settings and parameters to consider before making a successful measurement. This article will outline how different X-ray settings will affect the final analysis quality. Comprehensive guide to X-ray inspection.
X-ray analysis has had an interesting history. In 1895, German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen stumbled upon X-rays. At the time, he did not understand his findings at all, and for reasons unknown, he called it X-rays. X-ray has rapidly developed to the present day and has been widely used in the fields of medical treatment, transportation, food and beverage, and electronics industry.
1) The void is the cause of the crack, which causes the solder joint to fail.
2) Cavities can prevent cracks from preventing failure.
Cavities can cause field failures, reliability issues, and thermal issues with electronic components. It can be said that it is one of the biggest challenges of PCB assembly today. Industry specifications have been developed for LEDs, automotive and various industrial industries. For BGA devices, IPC-A-610 8.2.12.4 defines defective Class 1, 2, and 3 electronic products when the void is greater than 25%. The specification has begun to be adopted by many manufacturers on the QFN void problem, even though there is no industry-acceptable definition of QFN void volume.
There are many manufacturers of X-ray equipment currently available to the electronics industry. Technical competition is fierce, and the most important is the ability of X-rays to detect various components of different thicknesses and complexity. There are also devices that can create computed tomography or CT images. These images are three-dimensional and give a picture of what the component looks like in real space and where there are holes in it.
There are many benefits to using digital X-ray for component analysis. Ray analysis is a non-destructive test (NDT) method. This non-destructive testing detects the quality and functionality of the device without permanently damaging the device and making it operational. This not only saves time and money, but also allows the device under test to be used in the actual product, rather than being a sample and will not be used in the field.
It is worth mentioning that when using radiography to detect product quality, radiation dose sensitivity must be noted. Radiation-sensitive devices exhibit signs of degradation when exposed to X-ray radiation for extended periods of time. It is important to understand what electronic components are being tested, what restrictions are there, and so on.
Specific X-ray imaging techniques can be used to determine the extent to which the hollow of the component is present. A specific imaging technique refers to optimizing an image to reflect the failure mode under investigation, in which case it is a void. In order to determine the most accurate hole image, the exaggerated contrast between the solder zone and the void zone is of the utmost importance. If the contrast is not exaggerated, it is difficult and time consuming to accurately detect the void. The algorithm built into the hole software samples the entire component in grayscale to determine the difference between solder and void. Comprehensive guide to X-ray inspection.
When determining the percentage of voids for a particular component, there is a lot of work that must be done before an optimized image is obtained. Optimizing X-ray images requires consideration of multiple basic parameters, such as setting power, current, filtering, and software algorithms to obtain accurate hole characterization.
The first thing to do when performing an X-ray inspection is to select the appropriate kilovolt (kV) and power/current settings for the device based on the device being tested. For most semiconductor electronic devices, the initial value is approximately 100 to 200 kV. Once within this range, the power/current can be adjusted until the image enters the field of view. It is important not to keep the power/current values at the limits of the device's capabilities. If the setting is close to any of the limits, the kV value must be adjusted to keep the power set to the mid-range position.
In some cases, the most appropriate exposure setting for the viewing device or region is affected by the super-saturation of the surrounding area. Super-saturation is like seeing a milky sky. To mitigate this effect, physical filtering can be used. Place a thin piece of copper (2 to 10 mils) directly above the source to limit the amount of photon radiation that the detector receives. Lower saturation will be observed in remote areas due to less radiation reaching the detector.


Keep Your Chimneys Clean This Winter!
Have you swept your chimney recently? As the winter months draw in, you will most likely be using your fireplace to keep your home warm and cosy. However, you could end up with serious damage to your home from an unclean chimney – blocked chimneys can cause serious chimney fires that could destroy your home.
Chimneys should be swept depending on the fuel used by the fireplace. Smokeless, gas and oil fuels need to be swept once a year, bituminous coal should be swept twice a year and wood should be swept quarterly when you are using your fire. Remember that any work on gas appliances must be carried out by a Gas Safe engineer – always be safe with your gas appliances.
If your chimney is not swept, there is the possibility that soot left in the flue will ignite from the heat. This can cause serious damage to your flue as you use your fire. Furthermore, there may also be other debris inside the flue such as bird's nests and cobwebs which can also make ignition more likely. Chimney fires can also cause carbon monoxide poisoning when the gases released by fires seeps back into the home due to a blocked flue.
Public Loss Adjusters recommend that you have your chimney cleaned as soon as possible – it is better to have your chimney cleaned later than never. Between sweeps, you should keep your fireplace or wood burner clean and free of ash and soot. It is also important to not use unseasoned wet wood – cooler smoke causes more soot and creosotes to build up in the flue.
You should also always use a fireguard if you have an open fire, as hot sparks can fly out of the embers. You should also never leave a fire burning unattended – ensure that you completely extinguish the fire before you go to bed or leave the house. If you use a wood burner, do not store logs right next to it – they could ignite with the heat from the burner.


Thinking about becoming a HGV Driver?
So how do you know if becoming an HGV driver is the right choice for you? This question is on everyone's lips who have considered becoming an HGV driver. It's very hard to know whether 'trucking' is for you, especially if you haven't experienced travelling in an HGV prior.
An HGV driver isn't one of those jobs that you can just give it a quick try and see if you like it. You'll need to be trained and qualified. The best way to find out if being an HGV driver is right for you is to speak to someone who is a trucker, who has many years of experience on the road and can tell you exactly why they do it.
You must remember that it isn't for everyone. It's a job that needs to suit both your personality and lifestyle. It defiantly isn't for the weak-hearted, that's for sure.
If you want to be successful and make decent money, being an HGV driver is not an easy job. The hours are long, you'll need to be self-motivated and patient. You will spend the majority of the time alone. If neither of these things sounds appealing to you, then I do suggest that being an HGV driver probably isn't for you.
The most important thing to consider before choosing to become an HGV driver, is whether you love to drive? The job, after all, is a driving job, so if you love the road and love to drive then you could be on the right track.
- Planning delivery schedules and routes with a transport manager.
- Supervising or assisting loading and unloading of goods.
- Checking that the loads are secured safely.
- Keeping up to date with traffic reports and changing routes if needed.
- Completing delivery paperwork and log books.


wpc flower production materials selection mixed materials processing, in the course of processing including plastic crushing, washing, drying boxes granulation processes. wpc flower combines the properties of plastics and wood processing products, broader scope.
wpc flower production materials are wood flour and plastic bonded, both of quality directly affects the quality of the finished floor. Ensure quality wpc flower is the first to guarantee the quality of the production materials, prorated between all influence the final quality of the product, which is also a problem in the production process needs attention. Nature of the product in different proportions recipe out is totally different, like a dish production, know what kind of material used, but everyone made out of the taste is not the same as the same reason.
Wpc flower production materials composition ratio according to the circumstances and make adjustments, adjustments for users of the product, the product can be produced starting from the user's point of view to meet the real needs of users.
About wpc flower technical knowledge is generally not transferable, a company mastered the core technology wpc flower production in order to improve the chances of winning in the industry, the company's operations more confident.


Winter has officially arrived, which means in some locations stinging winds and frigid rains and sometimes snow are also on their way. Most of us wouldn't ever think of leaving the house without a coat in icy climates; nevertheless unfortunately, far too many people don't think to take their sunglasses. While many of us aren't thinking about the glaring sunshine when we are battling the frigid winter climate, the sun's rays are still a present danger in colder climates, and in many instances can be even more powerful.
They didn't write a song called "winter wonderland" for no reason. Particularly following a heavy snow fall, the world around takes on a glistening glow due to the sunlight reflecting off of the water molecules blanketing the ground and the trees. In fact, it can be painful to open your eyes when you first leave the house following a glistening snowfall. The ultraviolet sunlight that many people are so careful in protecting ourselves against in the summer may really be more dangerous in the wintertime due to the fact that it reflects off the snow or ice, giving you double exposure. This is the reason a proper pair of sunglasses is a necessary part of your winter wardrobe.
Although it's important to pick a style you look good in, the most important consideration when deciding upon a pair of sunglasses is being certain they provide adequate protection against UV. Make sure your sunglasses block 100 percent of UV light by checking for confirmation that they are labeled UV 400 (this means they block all light with wavelengths up to 400 nanometers, which includes both UVA and UVB rays.) Don't worry, proper sun protection doesn't mean you have to buy the most expensive pair. Many of the more affordable options exist that still provide full ultraviolet coverage.
Another important consideration in picking the right sun wear is size. You will have the most protection when the lenses are large enough to totally guard your eyes and if possible the surrounding areas. The larger the surface area covered by your sunglasses, the less harmful radiation will be able to penetrate. Wrap around frames will also stop radiation from entering from the sides.
For the skiers or snowboarders out there, it's important to know that UV rays are more powerful at peak heights, so you need to be particularly careful to keep your eyes guarded on the hills. Another way to add extra protection is to wear a wide brimmed hat that covers your eyes.


Footballers put a lot of strain on their feet and legs, both in training and on match day. One of the most common injuries in football is plantar fasciitis. It can be really painful and keep a player of the field unless it's identified and treated early.
There is a ligament called the plantar fascia that stretches across the sole of the foot, anchored at the heel. If that ligament develops micro tears and becomes inflamed, intense pain can result in the heel. If a player thinks they have football plantar fasciitis, they might see if pain can be provoked by flexing the toes upward.
Because the tears occur in the plantar fascia over time, the injury may not present itself as serious at first. Pain can be dull, only lasting for a short time. The injury develops as the ligament is pushed to continue functioning without adequate time to heal.
It can develop in football players that start an intense training routine after a long time without activity, or players who spend a lot of time on their feet when not at a game.
Sometimes, players with football plantar fasciitis 'play through the pain' and ignore the injury. This can aggravate the injury quite badly. Sometimes, someone with plantar fasciitis will change their gait in order to avoid pain, but this can put unexpected pressure on the knees and hips.
A reliable warm up routine will help footballers avoid plantar fasciitis. Stretching the muscles in the feet will help the ligament prepare for the increase in activity. Wear appropriate footwear, and avoid intense training regimes when beginning a new sport.
The most common way to heal plantar fasciitis is to rest the injured foot as much as possible. Ligaments can be slow to heal. Walking, running, jumping and other physical activities can inflame the injury further. This will extend recovery times. Supportive footwear and orthotics may be appropriate to help absorb some of the downward pressure from walking during recovery.
The post Heel pain and plantar fasciitis in footballers appeared first on Enertor.


Assitsed listening devices are available.
Food, drinks, cocktails, and souvenirs available in the lobby, however, no food is permitted in the auditorium.
Features: Adapted from Roy Horniman's "Israel Rank: The Autobiography of a Criminal", this musical comedy is a winner of 4 Tony Awards and first opened in 2013, in the Walter Kerr Theatre. It tells the story of Monty Navarro who realizes that seven heirs stand between him and dukedom. He, of course, takes the obvious route to reaching that much coveted spot – total and complete elimination. Also, there is the little problem of landing up in jail that Monty has to think about (and evade) while juggling his fiancé and mistress simultaneously.
Jefferson Mays would be playing all the eight characters. The book/lyrics are by Robert Freedman, direction by Darko Tresnjak and music/lyrics by Steven Lutvak, all of whom are much used to being awarded great accolades for their work. Jefferson Mays himself is a Tony Award winner.
Why We Go: The reviews of this musical comedy are enough reason to go and experience it at least once. NY TIME OUT magazine has called it the funniest and best musical of the year, and The Wall Street Journal, NY Times, NY Observer, The Hollywood Reporter, Entertainment Weekly, and USA Today have all reiterated the same. It was NY Times' critics' pick and was compared to Sweeny Todd's amazing and bloodlust filled journey. It has been said in the reviews that this musical comedy has brought back a balance between witty phrases and musical journey to Broadway, and is sure to be one of the immortal performances that would find a permanent place in Broadway's wall of fame.
• Awards – This musical comedy was nominated for 9 Tony Awards, out of which it eventually won 4, including that of Best Musical, Best Book, Best Direction and Best Costume Design. It also saw 11 nominations in the Drama Desk Awards out of which it won 7, including Outstanding Musical, Outstanding Book, Outstanding Lyrics, Outstanding Actor, Outstanding Director, Outstanding Featured Actress and Outstanding Projection Design. The Drama League Award was also won by this musical and Jefferson Mays, who plays 8 roles in the musical, also won the Outer Critics Circle Award.
• Great Comedy – The sense of humor and the timing of the comedy has been praised by Associated Press and USA Today. Jefferson Mays' performance has been a particular high point for the musical, apart from the writing and music. It has also been called "daring" and "ingenuously absurd" by Variety magazine. The Hollywood Reporter has called it the restorer of faith for everyone among all musical comedies that have come out of Broadway.
• Treat For Witty Viewers – The sharp wit and dialogues have been praised by one and all, making this musical fit for even the non-musical lovers. Broadway is not everyone's cup of tea but for people wanting to experience it once in their lives, especially on a visit to New York, this could make for a great and fun evening.
Inside Knowledge: For visitors of New York wanting to take back souvenirs, various goodies are offered. This includes a keychain, the program book, windowcard, a unisex show tee, a Keep Calm tee, a CD, and a ceramic Stein. All these Gentleman's Guide goodies can be purchased from the official website. It has been running for 24 weeks (as on 9th November, 2014) and in the last week itself, the hilarious musical comedy has grossed more than $36,000,000 at the box office. Bryce Pinkham and Jefferson Mays' caricatures were recently added to the wall at Sardi's, NY.
• Do Make Sure To Enjoy Rush Tickets – There will be some limited rush tickets available for patrons who fall in the age group of $42 and below. These are, of course, availability based tickets but they have to be purchase in-person and day-of at the box office. In order to get the tickets, patrons would have to submit a valid ID and for every performance, 2 rush tickets would be limited for patrons.
• Do Buy Affordable Seats Quickly – The standard seats cost anywhere from $42 to $152. The premium seats begin at $199 and go up to $250. Since the standard seats are quickly filled up, it is important to book them as soon as possible. Given the popularity of this Broadway musical comedy, seats are filling up even sooner than usual. So, to enjoy cheap and affordable seats, pre-booking is always recommended. It is best to use online and telecharge booking for quick seats.
• Do Keep The Blackout Dates In Mind – The special tickets and student tickets would not be available on the Blackout Dates which would be from 25th December 2014 to 4th January 2015.
• Don't Forget To Buy Gentleman's Guide Merchandise – Gentleman's Guide merchandise is ideal for various occasions, and its availability is not unlimited either. So, for fans of the show, it is important to grab this merchandise as soon as possible.
• Don't Bring Children Aged 4 or Below – The show is recommended for kids aged 10 and above. But it is still an adult comedy with witty and caustic humor, more suited for adults. Children under the age of 4 are not allowed in the theatre and should not be brought. They may not be admitted in.
• Don't Miss the Student Tickets – Special student tickets are also offered which can be bought from the official site. They cost $49.25 for a single ticket and $95.75 for two tickets. However, these student tickets must be collected in person from the box office. A valid photo student ID must be presented or the tickets would not be released. Even for picking two tickets, just one photo ID is enough. These tickets are on the balcony.


THIS GUIDE IS FOR USE WITH PAL REGION VCDS BUT CAN BE CHANGED FOR USE WITH NTSC.
I decided to write this guide because as a newbie I found it extremely hard to convert my movies to vcd and with crappy results. I have found a way to make my vcds now with great results every time, so I though I would share my experience with those who are or have been in the same bloody situation as I have. I hope this comes in handy for anyone who wants to make their own video cds.
Here are 3 simple steps for turning your divx movies into vcds that will play on your dvd player. The method is quite simple and it took me about 4 hours to figure it out, but once I had it down I was turning out 3 vcds a day.
For this to work at its best I recommend having some heavy duty hardware to make the process bareable. I use an AMD DURON 1300 processor with 512 meg of pc 133 ram with about 3.5 gig of hdd space available for encoding and writing the vcd files.
The applications used can be found by using kazza lite or going to http://www.digital-digest.com .
Applications used are VirtualDub, Xing MPEG Encoder, and VCD Cutter. As mentioned before you can find all of these on kazza lite.
ENCODING YOUR DIVX MOVIE TO MPEG FOR VCD.
1. first step in converting your divx movies is to have the space required, about 2.5 gig should be enough but I have gotten away with using barely over 1 gig of hdd space.
To save on space I recommend having your divx movies on cdrom to start with as these files will get very large.
Download and open VirtualDub first. Chose FILE/OPEN VIDEO FILE or CTRL + O.
Chose your divx movie and then go to AUDIO in the toolbar.
Select FULL PROCESSING MODE/FULL PROCESSING MODE/<NO COMPRESSION [PCM]> this will then let you set the audio stream to extract at 44100 kHz wav format.
Go to FILE/SAVE WAV, and then name your wav file filename_audio.wav,example: UNDERSIEGE_AUDIO.wav.
2. Converting your newly created wav file into the right format for MPEG is quite simple, just like encoding an mp3 really. Download and install Xing MPEG Encoder.
Open Xing MPEG Encoder, Click on NEW.
You will see a list of profiles for use chose the following: STREAM PROFILES/VIDEO CD/PAL, click NEXT.
Chose the checkbox labeled AUDIO ONLY. Chosing this option will then grey out the video box.
Press the ENCODE BUTTON to start encoding your wav file.
3. Now we have an AVI file which is your divx movie and a .wav file and an .MPA audio file. You may wish to test your MPA file to see if the sound came out correctly.
After you are happy with the new audio source you can now delete the huge wav file that is taking up valuable room on your hard drive J.
Again open Xing MPEG Encoder and click NEW.
Once again click on VIDEO CD/PAL, click next.
Chose the checkbox labeled SYSTEM this time because we are going to glue the audio with the video for the final conversion to MPEG.
Chose the BROWSE button under VIDEO FILENAME you will have to copy your divx movie to your hard drive if you haven't already done so, locate your divx movie on your hard drive.
Press the ENCODE BUTTON to start encoding your MPEG file.
SPLITTING YOUR MPEG READY FOR VCD.
4. Download and install VCDCutter.
Open VCDCutter and click on FILE/OPEN MOVIES or CTRL + O, chose your newly created MPEG.
Move the slider bar to the start of the movie, go to the top tool bar and chose EDIT/CLIP MARK IN or F5.
Now move the slider bar to roughly the center of the movie and chose a good spot to mark the out section example a fade to black transition or cut scene.
Once this is done go once again to the top tool bar and chose EDIT/CLIP MARK OUT or F6. once this is done press F7 to add the first selection to your CLIP LIST.
Now where you have just chosen your mark out position this becomes your MARK IN position so again press F5.
Once you have done this move the slider bar to the end of the movie and press F6 again for the MARK OUT position of clip two, now press F7 to add this selection to your CLIP LIST.
Now you should be looking at your CLIP LIST tab and see the two selections that you have made. Right click on the first clip and chose SAVE THIS CLIP to save it to your chosen location. (NOTE: the clips will save to the default save location unless you manually change the location by pressing F3, once you have pressed F3 go to the SETTINGS tab then BROWSE for the WORKING DIRECTORY of your choice, it's a good idea to have a folder on a secondary partition on your hard drive for doing this, for example mine is G:\divx|mpeg1). You should now have two MPEG files that can now be transferred directly into NERO Burning Rom. Download the latest from http://www.nero.com .
WRITING YOUR MPEG FILES TO VCD.
5. This step is perhaps the easiest step of the VCD creation.
Open up Nero Burning Rom and go to FILE/NEW or CTRL + N.
Select VIDEO CD, check the the boxes CREATE STANDARD COMPLIANT CD and USE CD-I APPLICATION.
Next we go to the LABEL tab and name the fist disc under VOLUME LABEL. Now click the NEW button.
In the FILE BROWSER, locate your two MPEG files. Drag and drop the first part of the movie to the VIDEO Window. The file you have just put in this window will then be analyzed for compatibility with VIDEO CD, once this part is complete (it doesn't take too long) simply open the WRITE DIALOG box. Make sure that the two boxes WRITE and FINALISE CD are checked and then continue on to press the WRITE button. Repeat all of these steps for the second part of the movie.
Hope you found this guide helpful, I tried to make it as easy to follow as possible as this is the first guide I have ever written.


*New Users- in order to purchase a Conclave Subscription, you must first create your login for the Conclave and then, if using a computer, after you are signed in, you must configure your browsing window such that "Conclave Membership" appears in the black menu bar (it may appear under the "More" tab if your browsing window is condensed). You must then either double click "Conclave Membership" or right click "Conclave Membership" and open it in a new tab or window in order to see the membership options. We apologize for the tedious nature of this process, however, it is a symptom of the Conclave membership being an add-on to the core software of the site.
As a Conclave member, you now have access to the full library of previous lecture videos/associated discussions, and, new to 2019, the ability to participate in the monthly live and interactive Conclaves.
As told by Theoretical Physicist Neil Turok, the Director of the Perimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics and Founder of the African Institute of Mathematical Sciences, the Conclave will not administratively recognize titles or groups. As doing so will only reinforce the fragmented culture of education and slow the growth and creation of new knowledge. "The most fruitful science is almost invariably done when people of different backgrounds, and with different expertise, interact and create something new."
"It's one of the great problems of universities (the fragmentation of knowledge), it's just too many people and too many disciplines, and not enough focus on the really important problems which are beyond any of our existing disciplines."
The culture that Turok speaks of resonates with me completely, and this is precisely why what any of us does for a living, in terms of titles/groups, is meaningless in comparison to our ability to solve problems.
Our ability to solve problems depends upon our intellect and knowledge.
As stated by Theoretical Physicist David Deutsch, director of Quantum Computation at the Clarendon Institute of Oxford, the near whole of human history (~100K years) was void of remarkable progress due not to a lack of brain power but culture that failed to evolve. The right culture stimulates the creation of new knowledge and the wrong culture slows or prevents it.
The Conclave was created to solve problems, and this is the only perspective that any of us should adopt: sport problems and their solutions, and nothing else.
There is no hierarchy here and no amount of experience means anything in the context of knowledge.
All knowledge is subject to criticism and the purpose of the Conclave is to facilitate the criticism of any knowledge and to propose conjectures and modes of error correction in order to create new knowledge.
Every Conclave member is encouraged to assume the perspective of the most omniscient member of your sports organization/business such that the freedom of your thinking knows no bounds, as opposed to being limited by any constraints that are currently placed upon you due to the dysfunction of the infancy of the sports world.
The sections of the Conclave have been intentionally kept to few in order to ensure the collision of ideas and knowledge, and based upon the primary chapters of my newest book The Governing Dynamics of Coaching, in so far as they account for all primary subject matter fields that govern sport and military preparation.
Welcome to the Conclave and the future of educational and sport culture as has already been instantiated by the African Institute of Mathematical Sciences and the Perimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics thanks to the brilliance of Neil Turok.
Bioenergetic/Biodynamic/Biomotor Preparation- broadly speaking, the development of energy systems, motions, and motor skill outputs.
This section of the Conclave is specifically intended for members to generate topics and discuss any concepts intrinsic to each posted lecture. Please do not generate any new threads in order that all discussion may relate to each posted lecture and its thread. This will make for streamlined searches as each lecture is numbered and they are posted sequentially.
This section of the Conclave is specifically intended for members to generate topics and discuss any concepts not already accounted for in the other sections of the Conclave.


text:
Cedarhurst garage swastikas probed as bias incident, cops say
By Rachel Udarachel.uda@newsday.com March 28, 2016
Two swastikas were found spray painted on pillars of a parking garage in Cedarhurst Monday, according to Nassau County police, who are investigating it as a bias incident.
The swastikas were discovered Monday morning in a Maple Avenue parking garage by the owner of the building. Police said they were painted sometime between March 25 at about 4:30 p.m. and Monday at 10:30 a.m.
Swastikas were found on a sidewalk in Cedarhurst earlier this month, police said. Carlos Rivera, 17, of Lawrence, was charged with aggravated harassment in connection with drawing swastikas with chalk outside of two homes on Oxford Road, police said.
According to police, it has not yet been determined whether the incidents are related.
Police are asking anyone with information to call Crime Stoppers at 800-244-8477. All information will be kept confidential.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Caring & Carers
Culture Awareness
Home & Community
Positive Ageing
Procurement & Governance
ROYAL COMMISSION: Begging to stay in hospital and challenges of palliative care
The fourth day of the Perth hearings for the Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety listened to a case study about poor pain management and palliative care provided to a man with high care needs while in an aged care facility.
by Liz Alderslade
Shannon Ruddock told the Royal Commission she once begged a hospital not to send her father back to his nursing home because she lacked confidence in their care. [Source: Aged Care Royal Commission]
Shannon Ruddock gave a statement explaining a breaking point where she begged a hospital not to return her father to Alkira Gardens Nursing Home, where he was based in 2017, because she didn't have confidence they would properly take care of him.
Ms Ruddock's father, Mr Vincent Paranthoiene, had developed Spindle Cell tumour with a terminal diagnosis while he was in the facility.
It took nearly three months to be recognised there was something wrong and was only found by his daughter after she noticed a large lump on his ribs.
In many cases, Ms Ruddock found that her father's pain was not properly managed by the facility, and even with the help of a visiting palliative care nurse practitioner, didn't seem to keep up on his planned pain management.
Ms Ruddock says, "I believe my father was neglected by Alkira and they could not provide him with adequate palliative care.
"My concerns are that there were not enough staff in Alkira to care for residents such as my father with complex needs and the staff that were there were not trained to provide appropriate palliative care including how to administer PRN (as needed) medications.
"I also believe that palliative care is specialised care and that residential aged care facilities that offer it should go through a rigorous accreditation process and ensure that staff delivering this care understand the care needs of each patient. I constantly felt like the staff at Alkira did not understand that they were caring for someone who was dying."
Whenever Mr Paranthoiene was taken to the hospital for emergencies or illness, his daughter found he was treated much more appropriately, with higher quality pain management and holistic care, than when he was at Alkira.
Ms Ruddock described the pain management as a constant "battle" for herself just to upkeep in the aged care facility. She felt that she was doing pain assessments for her father in the place of the facility that should have been undertaking this at least once a day.
Another issue Ms Ruddock was unhappy about was around the funds Mr Paranthoiene was receiving, which didn't seem to be properly provided towards his pain management plan.
"In my experience, there seemed to be a discrepancy between how much the facility received to care for my father and the care he actually received," says Ms Ruddock.
"My concern is that the discretionary powers granted to facility managers to direct funds as they see appropriate is open to abuse and if abused, can put high care residents at risk of neglect."
Pain management difficult to manage in aged care settings
Joshua Cohen, Palliative Care Nurse Practitioner, Calvary Health Care Kogarah, attended the day's proceedings giving a statement about his services provided within aged care facilities and what he sees as a visiting practitioner.
He was also the palliative care nurse practitioner that attended to Mr Paranthoiene.
He said in many cases the staff at aged care facilities were unsure how to appropriately provide palliative care, which can be as simple as assessing pain during other tasks.
"I would say that pain management in residential aged care can often be difficult to manage. The care setting can be a tricky space," says Mr Cohen.
"The lack of education and knowledge amongst staff around pain management, how to assess pain appropriately, how to manage the medications appropriately, both regular and as required medications, can present some barriers to good pain management.
"When it comes to cancer pain management in residential aged care, that isn't often the type of pain we're managing there. In the instance with Mr Paranthoiene, that was absolutely the type of pain we were managing and it was, in this care setting, difficult to manage."
Mr Cohen attends up to 4,000 beds across 66 aged care facilities through his palliative care service work at Calvary Health Care Kogarah public hospital.
In his experience, managing pain is not an issue he has only witnessed at Alkira, but seemed to be common throughout many residential aged care facilities.
Also similar to Alkira is the fact that many registered nurses and staff are overwhelmed with the workload they have to handle, which would probably hinder appropriate pain management.
Mr Cohen also stated that there is no easy solution to fixing this because residential aged care is a very complex and difficult space. There needs to be a combination of systems in place to provide good outcomes for palliative approaches in the facilities.
Mr Cohen says, "It's certainly about quality over quantity. But I don't actively engage in the number of staff... that are assigned to a particular patient load. There are times when I ask, "How many people are you looking after?" to the registered nurse.
"Normally, it's an overwhelming amount, and I know that when I ask them to accompany me on an assessment, I'm aware they're stretched in the capacity to do that.
Another concern raised by Mr Cohen was his opinion that aged care facilities were lacking in their identification of a resident needing palliative care.
Documentation shortfalls and inadequate pain assessments
The Royal Commission next heard from John Leong, a Compliance and Development Managers for The Sisters of Our Lady of China Health Care Pty Ltd.
Mr Leong acknowledged that palliative care and pain management was something that Alkira provided, but in the case of Mr Paranthoiene, it was not implemented adequately.
Counsel Assisting Erin Hill suggested that there were shortfalls in records, which meant that, on some occasions, Mr Paranthoiene was in pain.
However, Mr Leong says that since there were no proper documentation on pain assessments or records for those highlighted days, he could not speculate whether Mr Paranthoiene was or wasn't in pain.
Mr Leong did agree that there was poor documentation on "some occasions" which was inadequate. He says that staff have since been trained to rectify this issue.
Alkira Gardens received a sanction from October 16-23, 2017, when Mr Parathoiene was in the facility, which Mr Leong believed did reflect very poorly on the facility.
He also agreed that there was not enough staff working at the nursing home while Mr Paranthoiene was a resident.
The last day of hearings is today, Friday, June 28, at 9.30am AWST in Perth, WA.
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Thu, Apr. 11th – Josh Abbott Band
« Wed, Apr. 10th – Casey Donahew
Thu, Apr. 11th – Austin Burke »
When Josh Abbott Band recorded "Ghosts" for its fourth album, Front Row Seat, Abbott expected to redo the vocals. The final chorus had some technical imperfections, and he figured he could improve on the performance once his heart settled down. Producer Dwight Baker, one-half of the Austinbased duo The Wind and The Wave, wouldn't let Abbott retouch it.
"I was actually crying my eyes out during that last chorus, and that's why there's a couple of notes in the beginning of that section that don't really explode like normal," Abbott says. "Dwight was like, 'We're keeping that. That's real.'"
Real is the operative word for Front Row Seat, a 16-track song cycle that represents the most ambitious and emotionally challenging project yet for JAB, a highly melodic six-piece ensemble that's managed to keep a foot in both the Texas music scene and the national country world. The band won four times during the inaugural Texas Regional Radio Awards behind an upbeat brand of country that still leans on classic instrumentation – particularly banjo and fiddle – to effect a raucous, roof-raising attitude.
The band has lobbed three singles onto the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart – including "Oh, Tonight," the first charted track to feature Grammy-winning Kacey Musgraves – and nabbed a Top 10 album with the 2012 release Small Town Family Dreams and reached No. 12 with the 2014 EP Tuesday Night.
But Front Row Seat steps beyond the band's honky-tonk inclinations for a more personal journey as the album traverses the emotional course of Abbott's first marriage and subsequent divorce. It was not his original intention to depict his private life in a public way, but as he wrote the songs for Front Row Seat, beginning before the split actually occurred, he naturally mined his emotional life for a set of songs that were profoundly honest and revealing. It was only as they began recording the material at Baker's Matchbox Studios outside of Austin, that they realized they had the germ of a tangible plot.
"We started looking at the music we'd done and had a whole bunch of other songs that we really loved and we were like, 'Man, we could put this together and make a really neat story out of it," fiddler Preston Wait recalls. "Especially with the song 'Front Row Seat,' we basically just made it kind of like you're watching a movie and it's your front row seat to this life."
Owing to that silver-screen character, JAB employed screenwriting technique by assembling the project with the five elements of plot structure: the exposition, or beginning; an inciting incident; the climax; a falling action (in this case, a breakup); and the resolution.
The story begins with "While I'm Young," in which a college-aged Abbott lives a typically carefree existence, spending much of his discretionary income in bars and living for the moment, an ideal that's captured authoritatively in the anthemic "Live It While You Got It." As the album progresses, he meets a woman who commands his attention for more than one evening, finding himself by track 7, "Crazy Things," mulling what it is that would make a woman who's dang-near perfect fall for someone so flawed.
By the time the album concludes, his once-ideal relationship has turned sour, and the two are no longer one. The fracture becomes apparent through the resignation of "Born To Break Your Heart," and he discovers in "Ghosts" that all the memories that once lived with such passion and revelry continue to haunt his memory, taunting him with whispers of a past he can never reclaim. As Front Row Seat closes with "Anonymity," Abbott sings a spare dirge with acoustic guitar and fiddle, fantasizing that he could return to the start of the relationship and live it out right.
"When you're moving on from somebody, even once you've accepted it, you just feel alone," Abbott observes. "That's the reason the acoustic track ends the album."
Even though Front Row Seat represents an ode to a failed relationship, it also marks what Abbott expects to be the beginning of a new phase for JAB. One of Texas' best party bands, the group evolved heavily in the process of making the album. The players fully committed to a darker sound and gave even more prominence to Wait's fiddle and Austin Davis' banjo, highlighting the trad-country elements in the lineup while still infusing the influence of multiple genres in its sonic drama.
"When you get to the end of this album, you see a band that grew up before your eyes – like literally front to back, a band that sonically changed," Abbott says. "You never want to make the same album multiple times, and you never want to sound the same your entire career. You know, you look at The Beatles and you look at all these other great bands, they tweaked their sound over time, and I think you're gonna start to see us do that a little bit more."
While JAB is truly a group, the name is centered on Abbott – the lead singer, primary songwriter and band namesake – with good reason. He is a determined force of nature, and his ability to lead – to, in essence, turn something small into something much bigger – has been a hallmark of the band since its inception.
That start came in the mid-2000s when Abbott and frat brother Davis showed up for a few informal gigs at the Blue Light Live in Lubbock, Texas.
"We played two open-mic nights, and we had two songs, no band. Just him and me," Davis recalls. "I walk in the back, and Josh is talking to the owner and the manager about doing a live record there. And I'm thinking, 'We don't even have a band.' His thing was, 'We'll get to that later.' He's always thought that way. I've played in other bands but never saw anybody else with that kind of confidence."
Wait and drummer Edward Villanueva showed up a year and a half later, and in short time, JAB's first single – "Taste," self-released on Pretty Damn Tough Records – found a home on Texas radio stations. Bass player James Hertless and lead guitarist Caleb Keeter came on board circa 2010, and the lineup has stabilized for the past five years.
"Any movie you see about a band, it's like five or six kids that are best friends," Wait says. "Growing up, that's kind of what you think it's gonna be like. I found that in this group."
The friendship is built on constant touring. Texas alone keeps the band steadily employed, but Abbott and crew have built a wider concert base that includes such iconic venues as Nashville's Exit/In, Chicago's Joe's Bar, Washington D.C.'s 9:30 Club, Denver's Grizzly Rose and Los Angeles' Troubadour. The audience has grown in part because of the singability and relatability of the Abbott Band's material, which has always held something of an everyman appeal.
As personal as Front Row Seat is, the album has a ring of familiarity. Nearly everyone has messed up a relationship or had their heart broken. It's practically a rite of passage, and Abbott's willingness to tear down the walls and bare his heart lifts the project to a new level of connection with the band's growing audience.
"I know there's going to be a natural reflection on me and how the album mirrors my life," Abbott concedes. "But I'd like to think that this is really a story that is so common that everyone relates to it and that it's not just about me. Hopefully people can listen to it and feel like it's about them."
It's about the band, too. Villanueva used a bigger drum kit in recording Front Row Seat, laying a little more power underneath. And Wait and Davis take a more prominent role in the sound, heightening the country and bluegrass sides of the group without harming its modern texture.
"When we come up with parts, it's difficult because it's not standard bluegrass, like Flatt & Scruggs," says Davis. "You've got to do something different. It pushes you to try and make something new."
There's certainly plenty new in Front Row Seat for Josh Abbott Band. The ethereal lyrics in "Autumn" and "Anonymity" are a starting place as Abbott's songwriting challenges country's tendency toward literal interpretations and storylines. The band also works for the first time with Carly Pearce, who provides a powerhouse female presence on "Wasn't That Drunk." Assembling the project as a concept album with a distinct storyline is another new approach for JAB. The tormented lead single, "Amnesia" – with its snarling guitar solo and artsy, unsettling intro – is yet another new technique.
Those wrinkles in JAB's development demonstrate the band's willingness to explore new turf, tapping musical character that might have gone unexpressed in its earlier projects. But people don't build character during the easy times. It comes when they're tested by the hurts and pitfalls that accompany any successfully lived life. Abbott, as the leader of the band, is emerging from one of his toughest tests to date. He and the band used an ultra-honest approach to the hard times to take the next step as it moves into its future.
"The whole band embraced this project and really committed to not only make it sound incredible but sound different and better," Abbott says. "It's more mature than anything we've done in the past."
More mature because it's so honest. And so real.
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Footy champ Frawley's tragic health secret
Danny Frawley news story for heraldsun.com.au
by Michael Warner
1st Sep 2020 7:56 AM
Footy champ Danny Frawley was suffering from a crippling neurological disorder linked to repeated head knocks at the time of his death.
An analysis of Frawley's brain has been handed to the Victorian Coroner showing the St Kilda legend suffered from Stage II CTE - chronic traumatic encephalopathy - when his four-wheel drive struck a tree in Millbrook, near Ballan, on September 9 last year.
CTE can only be diagnosed after death.
Frawley lies unconscious on the ground after a clash with Dermott Brereton in 1988.
Frawley lies stunned after being hit behind the play.
Frawley's wife, Anita, confirmed the finding, saying she hopes it will "prevent other families from going through what we did".
"Our hearts would break seeing others go through the emotions we went through," Anita said.
"This is an issue for the community, it is not about a particular sport or sports, we need more research to diagnose and assist people living with the disease."
There is growing concern over the long-term consequences of concussions in contact sports.
Anita said her late husband, who died at 56, had lived with depression for many years and the diagnosis has helped the family better understand the impact of brain injuries in the community.
"His mental health battles, and his strong advocacy for mental health issues, were well known," she said.
"As his wife for over 30 years, I strongly suspected there was more going on with Danny than straightforward depression.
"I am very grateful for the work of the Australian Sports Brain Bank in shining a light on this disease. We want to prevent other families from going through what we did.
"We are waiting for the release of the coroner's report before any further comment, however I want people to know about the problem now, and not wait, as I believe this may help families understand the issues."
Danny with wife Anita and daughters Danielle, Chelsea and Keeley. Picture: Mark Stewart
Frawley is the second VFL/AFL player to be diagnosed with CTE, the devastating condition linked to concussions and subconcussive hits.
Footy great Graham "Polly" Farmer, who died in August last year, was confirmed to have Stage III CTE in February.
Frawley's family agreed for his brain to be analysed at Sydney's Royal Prince Alfred Hospital as part of a coroner's investigation into his death.
Samples were also tested in the US at the world-leading Boston Brain Bank. Both found he was suffering from CTE.
CTE ranges from the mildest form, Stage I, to the most severe in Stage IV.
Stage II symptoms can include depression, mood swings and suicidal thoughts.
Frawley, who suffered multiple heavy hits during his career at St Kilda, had talked openly about his struggles with depression before his death.
He played 240 games for his beloved Saints from 1984-95 and captained the club from 1987-95 before coaching Richmond.
Frawley played 11 times for Victoria, became a prominent media figure and was a father of three girls.
A string of high-profile AFL stars have been forced to walk away from the game in recent years because of complications linked to concussions.
Anita revealed after his death that Frawley had taken himself off mental health medication eight months before the accident thinking he had "beaten" his demons.
FOOTY RALLIES FOR FRAWLEY
Former AFL player Luke Darcy has weighed in on Danny Frawley's diagnosis of CTE.
"Still think of our great mate Danny Frawley every weekend," Luke Darcy said on Triple M's Hot Breakfast.
"It's a tragic story, you can imagine for the Frawley family. Maybe there are some answers in that, maybe it does make more sense to understand the struggles Danny was having.
"Now we look back, as you always do, and you think we didn't understand concussions."
Darcy said protocols around AFL football and concussion have changed "extraordinarily", referencing his days on the field where players were sent back to play if they could say their name after being concussed.
Collingwood president Eddie McGuire thanked the Frawley family for "offering up" Danny for the tests.
"We know more about the surface of the moon than we know about the inner workings of the brain and the manifestations of those injuries," Eddie McGuire said on his radio program.
"Thank you to the Frawley family for offering up Danny for these tests.
"We learn more and more about it (concussion) as we go.
"Sometimes these things can be luck of the draw; if there are things we can mitigate against, we have to do so."
Daniel Patrick Frawley
Born: September 8, 1963
Playing career: 240 games for St Kilda from 1984-1995 (captain 1987-1995)
11 games for Victoria
All Australian 1988
Best & Fairest 1988
Coaching: Richmond 2000-2004 (113 games)
Died September 9, 2019 (aged 56)
MORE AFL NEWS
Originally published as Footy champ Frawley's tragic health secret
St Kilda Football Club captain Danny Frawley after a win against Geelong in 1988.
Danny Frawley (L) and Tony Lockett (R) in the club rooms after a 1989 VFL match.
Frawley sustains a cut above his ear in 1989.
Frawley is helped from the ground after being hit behind the play.
Sad detail about AFL great's death revealed
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Premium Content Saints to honour favourite son Frawley with tribute match
Chilling final message from AFL great Danny Frawley
Frawley's wife reveals what led to star's death
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afl 2020
danny frawley
afl 2020 danny frawley


Janis Spindel & Carly Spindel are the Rolls Royce of Matchmaking.
They are icons in the Luxury Matchmaking Industry. Janis Spindel is the Original Matchmaker. Janis and Carly Spindel are responsible for over 3,726 marriages to date. Janis and Carly are continuously acknowledged for doing the job they were born to do. Their clients hire them because they know they are the best.
We are known to match the most beautiful women to the world's busiest men. Men come to us because they don't have time or patience for bad blind dates. Any man can get a date and meet women. The men we work with want to meet the right woman who has the whole package – beauty, brains, body, and balance. We are relentless, tenacious, and driven. If we don't currently have the perfect women for you, we leave no stone unturned until we search the country to find her.
Women are members. They are charged a nominal one-time consultation fee to be met with and vetted to see if they're a match for the male clients. Janis Spindel and Carly Spindel work with women who have the 4 B's – beauty, brains, body, and balance.


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Macallan reveals colour-focused Edition No 5
16 September 2019 by Matt Evans
Speyside distillery Macallan has released Edition No 5, the latest single malt to join its annual limited Edition series.
Colour palette: Macallan Edition No 5 is is decorated with a unique purple label created by Pantone
A no-age-statement single malt, the whisky has been matured in American oak casks before being bottled at 48.5% abv.
The new bottling is designed to showcase the colour of Macallan's whisky, following Editions No 1 and No 2, focused on cask influence; Edition No 3, which explored the impact of aroma; and Edition No 4, which was focused on structure.
Sarah Burgess, whisky maker for Macallan, said: 'Whilst colour development starts with mixing basic colours with precision to achieve different shades, when it comes to whisky making, it is the knowledge and understanding of a specific palette of colours from the cask which is the starting-point.'
Edition No 5 is said to have '100% natural' colour and is bottled without the use of spirit caramel.
The whisky is said to be full of 'oak, nutmeg and ginger' notes on the nose, with flavours of 'poached peaches and ripe pear' on the palate.
To emphasise the connection with colour, the bottle's label has been decorated with 'a uniquely bold shade of purple' developed by designers at the Pantone Colour Institute in New Jersey.
The whisky is available from specialist retailers, Heathrow Airport and the Macallan distillery, priced at £92 per 70cl bottle.
Edition No 5 is one of the latest additions to Macallan's various limited edition series, following the recent release of the distillery's 40-year-old Fine and Rare 1979 single malt.
From the editors 05 April 2017
Not every whisky can be a Macallan
And, according to Richard Woodard, most single malts shouldn't even try.
Latest news 27 March 2018
Macallan 50 Years Old unveiled
The £25,000 Speyside single malt whisky will be limited to only 200 bottles worldwide.
Latest news 19 December 2017
Macallan Sherry Oak 40 Years Old unveiled
The US$9,000 single malt is billed as the 'pinnacle' of the distillery's Sherry Oak range.
Macallan Exceptional Single Cask launched
The seven single cask single malts have been matured for between 12 and 22 years.
The whisky virgin 09 August 2015
Four Colours Macallan
From Speyside to Homebase, the delights and limitations of malt whisky's journey into colour.


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Dr Mark Hanikeri
After receiving the internationally recognised qualification of a Fellowship from the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in Plastic Surgery in 2003, Dr Mark Hanikeri has spent over 20 years working in Reconstructive Plastic Surgery in Public Hospitals in Queensland, WA and centres of excellence overseas.
He has spent the last 16 years in Australia, perfecting his art in cosmetic surgery. He now specialises in cosmetic surgery of the Body, Breast and Face. Mark is a founding member of the Western Australia Plastic Surgery Centre which has grown to become one of the busiest Plastic Surgery Practices in Australia, and has been involved with teaching and training Plastic Surgeons since 2004.
Though Mark specialises in Cosmetic Surgery, his practice spans all aspects of reconstructive and aesthetic Plastic Surgery. He has been the Clinical Director of the Western Australian Melanoma Advisory Service, leading a team of specialists from all aspects of Melanoma Management in Western Australia, since 2010.
Skin Cancer-Melanoma
International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (ISAPS)
Australian Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS)
Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS)
Australasian Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (ASAPS)
Bachelor of Medicine
Advanced Surgical Training Fellowship
Wexford Medical CentreSuite 51, 3 Barry Marshall Pde, Murdoch, WA, 6150, AustraliaP: (08) 9380 0311E: mhanikeri@plasticsurgerycentre.com.auW: markhanikeri.com
St John of God Hospital700 Robertson Dr, College Grove WA, Bunbury, WA, 6230, AustraliaP: (08) 9380 0311E: mhanikeri@plasticsurgerycentre.com.auW: markhanikeri.com
Great Southern Specialist Centre55 Cockburn Rd, Mira Mar, WA, 6330, AustraliaP: (08) 9380 0311E: mhanikeri@plasticsurgerycentre.com.auW: markhanikeri.com
WA Plastic Surgery Centre SuiteSuite 215, 25 McCourt Street, Subiaco, WA, 6008, AustraliaP: (08) 9380 0311E: mhanikeri@plasticsurgerycentre.com.auW: markhanikeri.com


2018 Annual Meeting Agenda – Delaware Invasive Species Council, Inc.
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Those among us who have tried it, will tell you that al fresco cooking is much more fun and adventurous than the conventional indoor version we are used to. Especially when the weather is pleasant and warm, dining outside is quite satisfying and surprisingly refreshing!
An outdoor kitchen can range from an elaborate set-up with plenty seating, serving and cooking areas to a simple BBQ, table and sink. But be it big or small, and outdoor kitchen can be just as efficient as the one inside your home.
The much lighter natural tint of the eucalyptus conveys a pleasant touch of softness to the ambiance of the structure.
Give your outdoor living space a new lease on life and get your al fresco outdoor kitchen now!


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Form Services, Inc. is proud to have been serving the construction industry in the Mid-Atlantic Region for over 50 years. We provide the latest supplies, equipment and an expert team ready to assist with your building needs.
FSI was founded in 1964 by Louis L. Boldt. His philosophy was to provide professional contractors with quality products, unparalleled service and the most cost-effective solutions for their Concrete Forming needs. Soon thereafter, Shoring was offered in addition to Forming. Business boomed throughout the next decade and in an effort to diversify, FSI expanded to include Residential, Environmental and Masonry product lines. Throughout the years, the company continued to align itself with the top manufacturers and to provide new and innovative products.
In 1999, after a process of several years, Lou Boldt restructured the company to benefit his employees by establishing an ESOP, Employee Stock Ownership Plan. Lou Boldt then retired and passed on the mantle of leadership.
Lou's choice as successor to be President and CEO of Form Services, Inc. was Joseph Papparotto. Joe had been a young detailer when Lou hired him only 6 months after starting the company. Over the next several decades, Joe had continued to learn and grow with the company and was ready to carry on the practices and philosophies instilled by Lou Boldt.
In today's competitive marketplace, FSI continues to provide to our customers the expertise, knowledge and service pioneered by Lou Boldt and Joe Papparatto and to maintain the utmost integrity.
Form Services, Inc is recognized today as an industry leader in the mid-Atlantic region. We know that our customers want more than a quote. They want goods and services that include preparing the initial bid with the most cost-effective solution and continuing with support in the field through project completion.
Contact Form Services, Inc., today and let us know how we can help your team make your project a success!


Solidaridad is an international network organization with partners all over the world. There is one agenda and one strategy: together we learn and progress, together we achieve results and together we decide on future steps.
The premise of the structure is that it promotes capacity building: strengthening Solidaridad teams in the region, enabling them to take control of supervisory tasks and to manage programming themselves. The regional Solidaridad teams cooperate with their own partners on the planning, implementation, communication and evaluation of programmes, and on reporting their results.
Providing services for the development and enforcement of our quality assurance systems and standards for financial management, accountability and control, planning, monitoring and evaluation, ICT infrastructure and human resource management.
Responsible for global communication, including our international website and the development of tools for global branding and communication guidelines.
Facilitating the process of global policy development by supporting our global organizational entities such as the Executive Director, the Executive Board of Directors, the Global Commodity Teams and the Global Account Teams.
All managing directors have to adhere to agreed policies and have to stimulate optimal cooperation, open communication and knowledge exchange between the regional centers. Furthermore, they are responsible for fostering a "giving factor" between regions, making fair deals on payment for joint and mutual services and joining forces in order to be stronger together.
In order to ensure efficient daily operations and an efficient payment structure, the nine regional expertise centres are grouped on five continents, each with their own supervisory structure. Legal entities for these five continental Solidaridad regions are established in Utrecht, the Netherlands (for Europe), San Francisco, USA (for North America), Panama City, Panama (for Latin America), Nairobi, Kenya (for Africa) and Hong Kong, China (for Asia).
Solidaridad's governance structure is based on the continental European governance model. This means, amongst others, a board with a two-tier structure, emphasis on dialogue with stakeholders and focus on achieving consensus. This governance model follows the subsidiarity principle. It aims to ensure that decisions are made as closely as possible to the deepest levels in the organization and that constant checks are made to verify that actions across Solidaridad Network are justified in light of the possibilities available at continental, national or REC level.
The Continental and Supervisory Board's work in their respective regions set the parameters for growth, determine the future direction, and ensure a strong national and continental presence. The boards strive for an optimal composition of five members, respecting a balanced composition in terms of gender, regional representation and areas of expertise and knowledge.
The Executive Board of Directors (EBoD) is the main policy-making body, ensuring coherence between international commodity strategies and regional programmes.
The EBoD is also responsible for the overall implementation of the international policy and commodity strategy. It consists of the managing directors from each regional expertise centre. The chair of the EBoD is the Executive Director of Solidaridad Network, Nico Roozen.
From left to right: Jeroen Douglas (Director Policy and Programmes), Nico Roozen (Executive Director), Sebastian Teunissen (Director North America), Isaac Gyamfi (Director West Africa), Heske Verburg (Director Europe), Michaelyn Baur (Director Central America), Gonzalo la Cruz (Director South America), Rachel Wanyoki (Director East and Central Africa), Shatadru Chattopadhayay (Director South & South-East Asia), Mandla Nkomo (Director Southern Africa).
The Solidaridad Network Secretariat is based in the Netherlands and fulfils several functions within the global organization. It facilitates global policy development and acts as a service centre for the nine regional offices. The Network Secretariat provides support related to Solidaridad's quality assurance systems, as well as maintaining standards for financial management, accountability and control, planning, monitoring and evaluation, ICT infrastructure and human resource management. It is also responsible for global communication, which includes managing the international website and developing communication guidelines, tools and standards for global branding.
The Solidaridad Network Foundation and Solidaridad Europe adhere to the Dutch Wijffels Code and the VFI's Guidelines for the Remuneration of Directors in Philanthropic Organizations (Adviesregeling Beloning Directeuren van Goede Doelen). The latter proposes a framework for annual incomes of management positions in philanthropic organizations.
Furthermore, remuneration of all employees of the Solidaridad Network Foundation and Solidaridad Europe, plus all managing directors of the Solidaridad Network, is based on the so-called "BBRA scales", the salary scaling system that is used for civil servants working for the Dutch central government. The job description of a managing director places the function in BBRA scale 14 to 16, depending on seniority and experience.
In accordance with Solidaridad's statutes, neither the members of the International Supervisory Board nor the Continental Supervisory Boards of Solidaridad receive remuneration of any kind.