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Nondeterminism in WebAssembly

WebAssembly is a portable sandboxed platform
with limited, local, nondeterminism.

Limited: nondeterministic execution can only occur in a small number of
well-defined cases (described below) and, in those cases, the implementation
may select from a limited set of possible behaviors.

Local: when nondeterministic execution occurs, the effect is local,
there is no "spooky action at a distance".

The rationale document details why WebAssembly is designed as
detailed in this document.

The following is a list of the places where the WebAssembly specification
currently admits nondeterminism:

New features will be added to WebAssembly, which means different implementations
will have different support for each feature. This can be detected with
has_feature, but is still a source of differences between executions.

When threads are added as a feature , even without
shared memory, nondeterminism will be visible through the global sequence of
API calls. With shared memory, the result of load operators is
nondeterministic.

Except when otherwise specified, when an arithmetic operator returns NaN,
there is nondeterminism in determining the specific bits of the NaN. However,
wasm does still provide the guarantee that NaN values returned from an operation
will not have 1 bits in their fraction field that aren't set in any NaN values
in the input operands, except for the most significant bit of the fraction field
(which most operators set to 1).

Except when otherwise specified, when an arithmetic operator with a floating
point result type receives no NaN input values and produces a NaN result
value, the sign bit of the NaN result value is nondeterministic.

Fixed-width SIMD may want some flexibility

In SIMD.js, floating point values may or may not have subnormals flushed to
zero.

In SIMD.js, operators ending in "Approximation" return approximations that
may vary between platforms.

Environment-dependent resource limits may be exhausted. A few examples:

Memory allocation may fail.

The runtime can fail to allocate a physical page when a memory location is first
accessed (e.g. through a load or store), even if that memory was virtually reserved
by the maximum size property of the memory section.

Program stack may get exhausted (e.g., because function call depth is too big,
or functions have too many locals, or infinite recursion). Note that this stack
isn't located in the program-accessible linear memory.

Resources such as handles may get exhausted.

Any other resource could get exhausted at any time. Caveat emptor.

Users of C, C++, and similar languages should be aware that operators which
have defined or constrained behavior in WebAssembly itself may nonetheless still
have undefined behavior
at the source code level.

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Little Village is my new favorite Chinese restaurant. Open for only a few months, this place is a welcome change from most places. It is very clean, very friendly and the food is positively delicious.æThe air conditioning is top-notch, so you can come here on the hottest day and be comfortable. And you can't beat its hours: straight through from 10 in the morning until midnight, every day.
Little Village manager Jennifer Chan displays a dish of grilled fresh akule. Little Village, which opened its doors in April, cooks with less oil and MSG, she said.
When was the last time you asked about an item at a Chinese restaurant and were told it is "superb"? Our waiter, Nam (whose name means "south"), has to be the finest waiter I have ever had in any Chinese place, anywhere. He suggested complementary flavors and combinations, helping us to match all the foods. He smiled (as did the entire staff), cajoled and checked on us frequently.
There's only one down side to this restaurant, and that's the seating. Unless you're at one of the two large round tables with traditional high-back chairs, you will have to endure what I call "Zen benches." They have no back support, so it's not the most comfortable way to enjoy a meal. Now, on the other hand, if you are strictly here to eat, you'll be fine.
Oh, and speaking of eating ... if you enjoy anything in black bean sauce, be sure to get it here. It is the finest black bean sauce in Honolulu, bar none. You can get stir-fried clams ($9.95), chicken or beef ($7.95), or the amazing sizzling butterfish ($12.95) with this magical, sweet and salty accompaniment.
Little Village makes an effort to inform you on the menu that it is happy to prepare your items without MSG by request. By the way, did you know that MSG is derived from the soybean? The cooks also use olive oil on several of their vegetable dishes. They are happy to accommodate your special health concerns here.
They have about 20 vegetarian dishes to choose from.
Try the cold green beans with garlic and chile ($3.95), cucumber with chile and sour sauce ($2.95, similar to kim chee), eggplant three ways — with garlic ($5.75), with garlic and chile ($5.75) and curried with tofu ($6.95), making for some of the finest eggplant dishes money can buy.
A Little Village chef prepares a healthier version of the orange chicken. The cooks are happy to accommodate customers' special health concerns.
I normally don't order rice dishes at Chinese places, but the special fried rice here ($7.25) comes loaded with shrimp, duck and char siu. Fans of rice noodles can get a curry rice noodle dish ($6.25).
There are dishes that die-hard and adventurous diners will enjoy, such as congee (with preserved egg, pig's liver and kidney, etc., for $4.75 and $5.75) and braised pig feet ($7.25). But more middle-of-the-road fare is where this huge menu (more than 150 items) excels.
The open kitchen adds a nice visual touch as the chefs move with dazzling speed and precision. I watched them put together an order of kung pao chicken ($7.95), stir-fried lamb with leek and chile ($10.95), beef with black pepper sauce ($7.95), roasted pork with taro ($7.25), salted pepper shrimp ($9.95) and a whole smoked game hen ($8.95) in what seemed like only about three minutes.
For an unusually refreshing treat, try the chrysanthemum honey herbal tea and the carrot herbal tea ($1.25) that are served cold. Sweetened with honey, they are great elixirs to combine with spicy and salty flavors. Little Village even makes its own soybean milk ($1.25).
If you happen to come here with a friend who doesn't want traditional Chinese fare, he or she can have respectable French toast ($3.95), grilled chicken wings ($3.95), a garden salad ($3.25) and French fries ($1.50).
When it comes to dessert time, Little Village will make a deliciously fresh crepe filled with sweetened red bean paste ($3.95 single, $5.95 double). It is as good a crepe you'll find anywhere.
I'm sure that you'll enjoy your visit here. Little Village will surprise you.
Send comments, questions and suggestions to ChefMatthew@LoveLife.com.


William Bohdan "Bud" Bohach passed away the evening of April 11, 2019 in the Kelowna Hospice, after a short palliative illness, in the loving arms of 4 of his children and grandson Dylan. He died in peace, dignity, courage and mercifully free of pain or suffering. He longed to be in the loving arms of his wife and inseparable companion of 66 years, Kae Bohach, who predeceased him suddenly 8 days previously on April 3rd. It is not an understatement to say that his was a beautiful passing from this mortal earth.
Bud was a gregarious, outgoing character who loved to entertain and socialize. He was the Yang to Kae's quiet Yin. Any visitor to their home was instantly offered food, a drink…often of homemade wine of dubious vintage…and an orange! "Enough" or "I'm full" were phrases that were not tolerated!!…and while Mom was in the kitchen preparing mountains of food, Dad was in charge of making sure every morsel of it disappeared down a visitor's throat.
His father Harold immigrated to Canada from Denysiw, Ukraine in the spring of 1927 and worked as a labourer on farms and the Canadian National Railway earning whatever money he could to both save to purchase land in Canada and sending a portion back home to support his wife Eva and 3 children Mary, Susan and Sophie who remained behind. Eva and family arrived 4 long years later and Bud was the product of his parent's reunion and was born at home in Polworth, Saskatchewan on June 18, 1932. This was the typical story of Ukrainian immigration at the time.
Harold was able to purchase land in the Honeymoon district of northern Saskatchewan, situated north of Prince Albert, and moved his family there in February of 1934. There Dad/Bud grew up in a remote but vibrant Ukrainian community. As the only boy in the family, Dad had heavy responsibilities to share the workload with his father. At the time there was little modern machinery and most of the farm work was done by hand or with horses in a manner not much different that was performed in the Ukraine for hundreds of years prior. By the age of 14, Dad was trusted to run a team of heavy horses to perform any field work required.
Bud began his schooling in a one room schoolhouse in Honeymoon where one teacher was responsible to provide an education for students from grades 1 to 6. The nearby mainly Francophone community of Albertville had the luxury of providing an education up to grade 12, so Dad began grade 7 there. In those days it was rare for a boy to attend school past the age of 15. They were needed on the farm. But Dad was one of those rare boys that completed his grade 10. At age 19 he was given the opportunity by his father to attend a diesel and farm equipment mechanics course in Edmonton so that the family could know something about the heavy machinery that was starting to appear at the time.
On his way back home from Edmonton on the passenger train, he had to stop in Saskatoon to transfer to a train for Prince Albert. There he saw a beautiful young woman who was also on her own journey home from a nursing course in Winnipeg. He was smitten. After disembarking the train in PA, they had lunch together at the Broadway Hotel and thus began their love affair together. They married on November 15, 1952 and settled on the family farm in Honeymoon. Their union produced 5 children…Adrian, Celestia, Loring, Carmen Christine and Tyler.
The family moved to the city of Prince Albert in 1965 primarily to provide better educational opportunity for their children. Their Dad worked at various manual jobs, often working night shifts so he could continue running the Honeymoon farm. Dad built a new house on the farm and moved the family back there in 1978. After a brief relocation back to Prince Albert, the farm was finally sold and Dad moved the family to Red Deer, spending 3 years there. At this point all the children had flown the nest and Mom and Dad did what every Saskatchewan farmer dreams of…which was to move to the Okanagan. They spent approximately 8 years in Vernon and then moved to their dream house in Kelowna in 2000. Mom and Dad loved that house!…the beautiful property, the neighbourhood and their great neighbours. Health concerns created the painful choice of having to sell their dream house and move to the Northwood retirement facility in 2016.
Dad was a very active member of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. His faith was unshakeable. Both Mom and Dad spent many years volunteering to keep especially the Kelowna church maintained, which included cleaning toilets, vacuuming, looking after the candles, etc. while their health allowed.
He loved his family. Dad historically had difficulty showing this love or expressing it. But as he aged, his ability to demonstrate this love became much easier. In his final days, that love simply flowed from him unabated. He faced his palliative condition with acceptance and courage. Not an ounce of anger flowed out of him.
More than anything he loved Kae, our mother, with all his heart and her sudden passing made life without her lose all its savour. It was clear his own life was soon over and he viewed his impending death to be an immense blessing…because he knew it would allow him to be holding his wife's hand…soon once more. He achieved this blessing only 8 days after her passing. He died a happy man!
Funeral services for both Kae and Bud will be held at Springfield Funeral Home, 2020 Springfield Road, Kelowna, at 10:00 a.m. on Tuesday, April 23, 2019. Lunch will be provided after the services. In lieu of flowers, the family suggests making a donation in both our parents' memories to the Kelowna Hospice or any hospice of their choice.
The prayer service for BOHACH, William "Bud" is scheduled for at located at , .
The service for BOHACH, William "Bud" is scheduled for Tuesday, April 23 at 10:00 am. Below you will find the map for the service location and the contact information should you have any questions.
I am so sorry for your loss and the tremendous loss to all of us, friends of your parents. They were one of the loveliest people I have known. I will miss them greatly and cherish very fond memories of visits with them and our trip to Ukraine. May they rest in peace.. Vichnaya pamyat!
To the family of Bud and Kae, our deepest condolences goes out to you all. We are so thankful that we got to see them last August where we spent the afternoon with them and had supper with them. We will cherish those memories always. They were truly special people to us and we are all greater for having known them. God Bless you all.
For the family of Bud and Kae, and all of their wonderful friends. Our deepest sympathies can only remind us that Bud and Kae will last forever in the memories of those who knew them, and through fond recollections be passed on for generations to come. Our visit to Kelowna with Loring and our daughter Daphne were filled with warmth and kindness, and of course our bellies were filled with Kae's famous perogies.


as if we were there on the holy night.
What part will we play this year?
when the time of birth comes?
from unknown threats on a strange journey?
Are you the innkeeper who has no room, or will you take us in?
Perhaps you are the animals, who hear the child's first cry.
But who will sing the songs of rejoicing for the precious babe?
even if it means a few lost sheep?
and remember what to adore?
who in this harsh land will shelter them?
for our place in the Christmas story that never ends.


Born August 21, 2008. We held our breath until we heard his first cry. We counted his fingers and toes. It was confirmed by the doctor; Brady was a "healthy, bouncing, baby" boy. The first year of his life was just incredible. He exceeded all of the milestone markers. He was in the 95th percentile consistently for height and weight. This child was the picture of health. And then, right after his first birthday Brady had a fever, his first fever. The pediatrician told us what to do and we did it, for two weeks. And then he woke up one morning with his eye swollen like a bull frog. He was rushed to the emergency room at The Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at RWJU Hospital in New Brunswick, N.J. After another week of high fevers and testing for every possible illness, Dr. Drachtman (a world renowned pediatric hematology/oncologist) informed us that our 13 month old baby had cancer. Brady battled non-disclosed acute leukemia for 10 long months. At the young age of 23 months, and after 6 rounds of chemotherapy and a peripheral blood stem cell transplant, Brady passed away in my arms on July 30, 2010.
WE NEED TO CURE PEDIATRIC CANCER. THIS IS NOT ONLY MY WISH BUT THE WISH OF ALL CHILDREN SUFFERING WITH THIS EVIL DISEASE.
In memory of my baby; we have started The Hugs for Brady Foundation™; a non-profit organization to raise money and public awareness to the horrors of pediatric cancer for all children suffering from all types of pediatric cancers/hematology disorders. The immediate objective is to increase the size of the pediatric cancer unit, a $7,000,000 project. Our ultimate goal is to improve the survival rates through research and help the efforts to find a CURE. Finding a cure is truly a lofty aspiration, the costs are incalculable. However, the results would be amazing.
Pediatric cancer is the leading cause of death by disease for children under the age of 21, but less than 3% of federal cancer research funding goes to pediatric cancer. Over a 10 year period, we will lose approximately 30,000 children to cancer. Eight children die every day as a result of cancer.


Something powerful happened in the sport of volleyball. In 2015, for the first time, more high school girls played volleyball (432,176) than basketball (429,504), according to the National Federation of State High School Associations. The following year, USA Volleyball reported that its membership reached an all-time high of 334,000. Participation numbers are trending higher in both indoor and beach volleyball, as well as sitting volleyball, the Paralynpic version of the sport. USAV's indoor high-performance participation saw a nearly 15 percent spike from 2015 to 2016. There is evidence that increasingly, African-Americans are leaving basketball for volleyball. The strongest growth, however, is among girls and women.
With participation numbers pushing upward, opportunities to host also spike.
Following are some regions and venues around the country that regularly play host to volleyball events.
Girls' volleyball has been a big draw in State College, Pennsylvania, for more than 30 years. Prior to 2007, East Coast Volleyball held its annual tournament in State College every Memorial Day weekend. (It has since grown and moved to Pittsburgh.) In 2008, the Memorial Day tradition was picked up by Penn State University, and the Happy Volley Club Championship and Camp debuted. The event began with 230 teams and has grown to 410 teams.
"It's a great event for kids who love volleyball, and it's looked at as a family holiday vacation by many," said Shirley Smith, director of sales for the Central Pennsylvania CVB.
The area also attracts adult tournaments, including the Big 10 Men and Women, the P.I.A.A. State Championships, the NCAA Men & Women, the Pennsylvania Special Olympics and the Keystone State Games. There are a variety of venues available, including the 15,000-seat Bryce Jordan Center on the Penn State University campus, the IM Building, Recreation Hall, the White building, Holuba Hall and the C-3 Sports Facility. Together, the venues offer 50 courts.
There are also attractions outside of the competition floor. Local favorites include Penn's Cave & Wildlife Park in Centre Hall. State College is renowned for its natural beauty, and the parks in the area feature some of the best mountain biking east of the Rockies.
Central Pennsylvania has 3,600 hotel rooms, and downtown State College offers shopping and dining, as do Boalsburg and Bellefonte. Most visitors to the area drive from surrounding mid-Atlantic metropolitan areas, all of which are only a few hours away.
Conway in central Arkansas hosts both Fatchmo Volley volleyball tournaments as well as Conway Junior Volleyball events, including the Conway Classic Blast. One of the venues of choice is the Conway Sports Center, a 44,000-square-foot facility that can hold six courts. In addition, there is the McGee Center, a 46,600-square-foot facility that has six courts and features two meeting rooms.
The region is accessible – it's 30 miles from Little Rock and adjacent to I-40 – and family-friendly. There are 1,400 area hotel rooms and a variety of local and chain eateries. Downtown Conway has shopping and live music, and the surrounding areas have an indoor trampoline park and a water park.
For event planners, the Conway CVB provides grants, special rates for hotels and welcome packets. The bureau can also connect events with local businesses for sponsorship opportunities.
Between January and March, Fayetteville's Freedom Courts Sportsplex hosts between 18 and 20 volleyball tournaments, many affiliated with Carolina Region Volleyball. Freedom Courts Sportsplex is a 47,000-square-foot venue with 27-foot ceilings that can accommodate four regulation-size courts or 10 practice courts, complete with a concession stand and a Starbucks. In addition, there is the Crown Complex, a four-building campus that hosts a variety of tournaments on its 60' x 30' court.
Fayetteville has a variety of attractions for visitors, including hundreds of special events. There are more than 500 restaurants and 7,000 hotel rooms in the region, as well as The Airborne & Special Operations Museum and the 77-acre Botanical Gardens.
"We have three live theaters, two wine cafes, and live music. We also offer 18 themed driving trails that take visitors to sites based on their interest," said John Meroski, Fayetteville Area Convention and Visitors Bureau (FACVB) president and CEO.
The FACVB offers event planners public relations support, support staff, special event coordination, meeting services and site selection visits.
Since the Foley Event Center opened in September 2017, Foley has been busy with volleyball events.
The Foley Event Center is a 90,000-square-foot building that holds 12 courts. Nets are automated (they drop down from the ceiling) and are adjustable in height. The peaked roof provides 45 feet of clearance in the center. Seating can be adjusted to accommodate the event's needs, and there are two mezzanines and five breakout rooms.
For the off-hours, Foley is seven miles from the Alabama Gulf Coast. It's also home to a new entertainment destination, OWA, which has a 21-ride amusement park, shopping, a TownePlace Suites hotel and restaurants. Foley is within a six-hour drive of most of the Southeast.
"Foley Sports Tourism is a one-stop shop, not only for partners looking to play, stay, shop and dine in one location, but also for services from sales to marketing to operations, all in-house," said Donald.
Beach volleyball events are held on the Gulf Shores Public Beach. For the NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship, a restaurant and entertainment complex called The Hangout is brought into service.
When courts are set up, the beach can accommodate 10 championship courts (five for practice and five for championship matches), bleacher seating, walkways, VIP areas, team tents, sponsor areas and courtside seating. The event has received national television exposure as well.
Because the area is a beach resort, there's a variety of hotels, restaurants and family activities. The Sports Commission can offer on-site event coordination as well as housing bureau services, grants, welcome bags and coupons, social media and public relations, volunteer information and vendor referrals.
In April of this year, JVC Volleyball ran its first tournament in Rhode Island, a girls' event called The Rhode Island Rumble. The event, which featured 180 teams, sold out the Rhode Island Convention Center six months in advance. The 125,000-square-foot building, which has 32-foot ceilings, can accommodate 24 courts. In response to the demand, the JVC, which works in conjunction with the New England Regional Volleyball Association, added five more courts at Rhode Island College, and the event still sold out.
Additionally, the AAU will hold the Providence Grand Prix & Showcase at the Convention Center in February, featuring about 60 teams, and the New England Championships in March. The Convention Center, which also has a 20,000-square-foot ballroom, is surrounded by hotels, including a 560-room Omni Hotel that is attached.
Both JVC and the sports commission can help recruit volunteers for events. The sports commission will put together hotel packages and offers marketing and public relations, including banners and micro web sites. It also has a staff photographer and videographer.
In October, Rocky Mount celebrated the opening of its 165,00-square-foot Rocky Mount Event Center. The multi-use facility has 75,000 square feet of floor space, four locker rooms, team meeting rooms, concessions and an observation deck. The field house features 60-foot ceilings and oak floor surfaces, making it well-suited for volleyball events.
The Rocky Mount area has a lot to offer for off-hours, but the event center comes with its own built-in attractions: Gameday Adventure and Arcade, a 15,000-square-foot area that includes themed rock climbing, an aerial ropes course, a soft play area, an arcade and a concession area.
The Rocky Mount region, a drive-in location situated off I-95 and US 64, features 2,500 hotel rooms and more than 100 restaurants and leisure activities. The adjacent Rocky Mount Sports Complex has a park and trails for outdoor activities, a spray park and pool and a golf course.
Given Wildwood's location on five miles of white-sand Atlantic beaches, it's no surprise that it's a haven for beach volleyball. But even indoor players like a spectacular view of the ocean.
"We haven't hosted an indoor volleyball event in our Convention Center to date, but we're actively trying to secure volleyball events," said Ben Rose of the Greater Wildwoods Tourism Improvement and Development Authority (GWTIDA).
The area has the facilities for indoor volleyball, including a 73,000-square-foot exhibit hall with 30-foot ceilings, ocean views and retractable seating to accommodate 4,000. The beach, however, is where Wildwood's expertise is, and the resort has 12 permanent beach courts and the ability to set up an unlimited number of additional courts. It's the home of the Wildwood Beach Ultimate (W2BU) Tournament held every July.
"We have hosted a number of events on the beach at our 2,000-seat venue and various other beach locations," said Rose.


text:
Viral assassins
In yesterday's post, we looked at viral remnants in our own DNA and their possible role in long-term memory formation. Today, we'll consider the possibility of using viruses in a different way -- to fight bacterial infections.
As I mentioned yesterday, labeling a virus as "alive" is highly debatable. They certainly don't seem to respond, at least not in the way a living thing ordinarily does -- moving toward or away from a stimulus. They're so un-life-like that they can actually be crystallized in a test tube, which makes them more like strange, self-replicating chemicals than they are like organisms.
Which is what makes the research that was published in Cell this week even more astonishing. In "A Host-Produced Quorum-Sensing Autoinducer Controls a Phage Lysis-Lysogeny Decision," by Justin E. Silpe and Bonnie L. Bassler, we learn about a type of bacteriophage (bacteria-killing virus) that seems to be able to sense its prey, and launch an attack when the colony is at its most vulnerable.
Model of a typical bacteriophage [Image is licensed under the Creative Commons Adenosine, PhageExterior, CC BY-SA 3.0]
The prey bacteria is Vibrio cholerae, and it's certainly a deserving target. It causes cholera, which makes water reabsorption in the intestine run backwards -- the host begins to dump water and blood solutes into the intestine, resulting in diarrhea so severe that an adult can dehydrate and die within twelve hours. With quick treatment, the survival rate is quite good; without it, over half of infected people die, usually within two days of the onset of symptoms.
The virus that Silpe and Bassler were studying, VP882, can wipe out entire colonies of Vibrio cholerae by detecting a set of molecules responsible for quorum sensing, which is how colonial bacteria are able to respond to their environment differently depending of how many are nearby. When the number of quorum-sensing molecules is low, the virus and the bacteria coexist peacefully. When it reaches a certain threshold -- meaning there are lots of bacteria there -- the virus suddenly becomes virulent, attacks the bacteria, and wipes out the entire colony.
Other microbiologists have been quick to see the implications. If VP882 is capable of killing a colony of cholera bacteria swiftly and efficiently, it could potentially be useful as a therapy. And if it works for killing Vibrio cholerae, why couldn't it work for attacking other kinds of bacteria? "If you have a lung infection, you might not be able to diagnose what bacteria [are] responsible in time and choose the right phage," said Mark Mimee of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "To get around that, people use cocktails of different phages. But manufacturing cocktails and adhering to drug regulations is too expensive... [But] a single recombinant phage—yeah, that would be really interesting."
In other words, create a single viral assassin that could take out any sort of bacteria you wanted. Silpe and Bassler were able to get VP882 to respond to signals from other bacterial species, including E. coli and Salmonella, but it remains to be seen if you could engineer one kind of phage that could take on any species of bacteria.
It remains to be seen if this would be a good idea. In a normal, healthy human body, there are right around the same number of human cells and bacterial cells -- on the order of thirty trillion. Having a normal intestinal and skin "flora" is critical for good health. It's been shown that in order to treat intractable cases of ulcerative colitis and infection with Clostridium difficile (another bad guy of the bacterial world), there is a good chance that a fecal transplant will help.
Yes, that's exactly what it sounds like. I'll leave the details of the procedure to your imagination out of respect for my more delicate readers, but suffice it to say that it results in replacing the sick person's intestinal flora with that of a healthy person -- and has a remarkably high cure rate.
So my question is -- apropos of the viral research by Silpe and Bassler -- if you are given a dose of phage intended to treat (for example) strep throat, what's to stop the phage from wiping out all the other bacteria they come into contact with? I know the chemical signals differ -- that's how they modulated the kill switch for the virus with the three species of bacteria they worked with -- but it seems like there's a huge possibility for this to go very, very badly. Yes, the therapy would have to be tested exhaustively and approved by the FDA, but the whole thing is a little worrisome, whatever its promise.
In any case, this highlights how little we understand the unseen microscopic world we're immersed in. Viruses may not be the unresponsive little blobs we thought they were. And as for VP882 -- it will be fascinating to see where this goes, and if we might have another weapon in our medical arsenal -- a virus that attacks bacteria.
One of the best books I've read recently is Alan Weisman's The World Without Us. I wouldn't say it's cheerful, however. But what Weisman does is to look at what would happen if the human race was to disappear -- how long it would take for our creations to break down, for nature to reassert itself, for the damage we've done to be healed.
The book is full of eye-openers. First, his prediction is that within 24 hours of the power going out, the New York Subways would fill with water -- once the pumps go out, they'd become underwater caves. Not long thereafter, the water would eat away at the underpinnings of the roads, and roads would start caving in, before long returning Manhattan to what it was before the Europeans arrived, a swampy island crisscrossed by rivers. Farms, including the huge industrial farms of the Midwest, would be equally quick; cultivated varieties of wheat and corn would, Weisman says, last only three or four years before being replaced by hardier species, and the land would gradually return to nature (albeit changed by the introduction of highly competitive exotic species that were introduced by us, accidentally or deliberately).
Other places, however, would not rebound quickly. Or ever. Nuclear reactor sites would become uninhabitable for enough time that they might as well be considered a permanent loss. Sites contaminated by heavy metals and non-biodegradable poisons (like dioxins) also would be, although with these there's the possibility of organisms evolving to tolerate, or even break down, the toxins. (No such hope with radioactivity, unfortunately.)
But despite the dark parts it's a good read, and puts into perspective the effect we've had on the Earth -- and makes even more urgent the case that we need to put the brakes on environmental damage before something really does take our species out for good.
Labels: Bonnie Bassler, cholera, infection, Justin Silpe, medical research, medical science, virology, viruses, VP882
Holy genes
He sees you when you're sleeping
Mystery disk
Timey-wimey travel
Deep life, oxygen, and false positives
Toddler teleportation
Racing against your brain
The memory virus
Squelching the obvious
A new view of the "eye lizard"
Arr, matey
I'm a rocket man
Wings over Illinois
The ECREE principle and the lost polar pyramids
Music and cognition
Send in the clones
Medical care, serial dilution, and mathematical ho...
CRISPR babies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Arguments Against The Crusades
As of November 13, in what has become known as the Paris Attacks, France and the world stand united against the growing threat of attacks claimed by the Islamic State (IS) that left 130 people dead and more than 360 wounded according to the BBC report. The group seeks to eradicate obstacles to restore God's rule on Earth and to defend the Muslim community against infidels and apostates. IS claims that the rest of the world is made up of unbelievers who seek to destroy Islam, attacking Muslims and non-Muslims alike. However, based on my knowledge of history, Christians are equally guilty with also committing violent acts against non believers. The only justification for violence is a holy war in the Islamic context are"jihadists" or the Christian…show more content…
For example, the Crusades were a series of military campaigns sanctioned by the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages against the growing Turkish threat to guarantee pilgrims access to the holy sites in the Holy Land under Muslim control. From 1095 under Pope Urban II, the Crusades were launched which pitted for the first time, the clash of Christianity and Islam. Pope Urban II in his speech towards his fellow Christians states, "I beseech you as Christ 's heralds... to destroy [the Muslim Turks] from the lands of [the Byzantine Emperor]... Enter upon the road to the Holy Sepulchre; wrest that land from the wicked race, and subject it to yourselves...Accordingly undertake this journey for the remission of your sins, with the assurance of the imperishable glory of the Kingdom of Heaven." shows how Christianity justifies war. Using the war as a way for repenters to gain forgiveness for their sins, Christianity served as a means for exploiting the masses in their fear of sin. Pope Urban II appealed to his audience as Christ's heralds to connect the Christian faith to the holy war against Islam. Urban II fully justified war on the conditions that violence could be employed on behalf of Christ 's intentions for humanity and could even be directly authorized by him. In doing so, Urban calls for asserting Christian dominance in the holy land using violence. The practice of sanctifying violence based on religion…show more content…
Additionally, Christians also had war with themselves in what is known as the European wars of religion occurring from the late 16th and the first half of the 17th centuries between Protestants and Catholics. It all began with the Peace of Augsburg in 1555 which gave each German prince the right to determine the religion of his state; Catholicism or Lutheranism. It did not extend recognition to Calvinists and Anabaptists. Eventually, the outbreak of the Thirty Years ' War in 1618 made the international dimension clear for the war drew every major European nation directly or indirectly into the bloodbath. Only the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) ended the Thirty Years' War extending terms of the Peace of Augsburg to Calvinists and was a turning point in European political, religious, and social history. One Enlightenment thinker, Voltaire, in his Treatise on Toleration in 1763, remarking on the Religious Wars stated that, " we should regard all men as our brothers. What? The Turk my brother? The Chinaman my brother? The Jew? The Siam? Yes, without doubt; are we not all children of the same father and creatures of the same God?" which conveys the ironic nature that Christians deemed other converts as not equal yet they all are men who are sons of God. Repeating the same question but incorporating different races, Voltaire tries to show that everyone is the same under God. By comparing the races to one God, Voltaire stressed the importance to see through the sectional differences
Change In Christianity Between 600 And 1450
Between 600 and 1450, religion in Europe changed in that a schism occurred and Russia converted to Christianity. However, there was a near nonstop conflict between the popes and political leaders throughout this time.
How Did Urban II Influence Society
The crusades were a religious dispute between Christianity and Islam that took place in order for the Christians to take back their holy land, Jerusalem, from the Muslims. Urban II initiated the crusades at the Council of Clermont through a speech, with an audience of noblemen and clerics. His main goal was to urge "European princes to stabilize Christendom's borders and then go further to recapture Jerusalem and restore Christian rule to the holy land" (Bentley et al. 422). These expeditions sparked new political, religious, and economic developments for the world. The crusades were a huge accomplishment for the people of Christian faith because new people began to convert.
What Are The Causes Of The Crusades Dbq
With the goal of reconquering the Holy Lands of the Middle East, many Western Europeans supported a series of military conquests called the Crusades. As seen in the documents the religious figures who supported the Crusades had an idealized vision of the unification and religious zeal the Crusades would bring to the Christian faith, but for many of the actual crusaders, the cause of the crusades was a hope for economic gain through pillage. Although one of the original causes of the Crusades, according to religious figures, was to support the Byzantines and perhaps reunify the Eastern and Western churches, they resulted in increased feelings of tension in the Christian churches and actually aided creating a closer connection between different
How Did The Crusades Influence Medieval Europe
The Crusades in Medieval Europe, from approximately 1069 – 1270 had a significant impact on the teachings and influence of the Catholic Church. It was a series of military expeditions caused by religious and personal motives that caused the church to become a vital and powerful part of the European lifestyle. The Crusades were a series of Holy wars during the time of Medieval Europe against Middle Eastern Muslims. These military expeditions were undertaken by those of every class and had the ultimate goal of recapturing the Holy Land, Jerusalem. During this time the Church began to feel threatened by the growing power and land capturing of the Islamic Muslims.
The Pros And Cons Of Pope Urban II
Pope Urban II had called for the First Crusade, because he had been told that Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus was needing is help. Pope Urban II called all the Christians to come and help fight for the Holy Land. Pope Urban II stated that the Christians needed to reclaim the land. He saw the faith of the Christendom trampled on and the lack of peace. He saw the many fights, people stealing, people being unjustly kept, and the many evils of the world.
The Crusades Thomas Madden Summary
Thomas F. Madden's The Concise History of the Crusades focuses on the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291. In the foreword, Madden explains that, "the heightened public interest in the Crusades since 9/11 has created a market for popular histories (Madden, viii)." This is important to note, as his previous editions of the book were not as focused on the idea of present day relations between the Islamic and Western world. While Madden answers the question of what the relationship is between the medieval Crusades and the problems of modern Israel, his argument throughout the monograph follows a traditionalist account that of the Crusades as being tied to Jerusalem as a destination. However, it can be understood by the reader that Madden's main argument answers the question, what were the motivations of the Crusades, and how have the Crusades contributed to Islamic rage and terrorism today?
Christian View Of The Crusades Essay
The Christian View vs. The Muslim View of the Crusades The crusades were a set of different military actions that were sanctioned by the Catholic Church and the papacy. Their intention was to recapture Holy Lands they believed were rightfully theirs from the Muslim people that had invaded it. As any attack on a large group of people would do, every major group was affected. The Christians had their own reasons and beliefs for going on these Crusades.
Why The Crusades Were Religious Wars
60 Words | 1 Pages
Overall, the Crusades were wars were over religious matters. The first Crusade was a war over Holy Land in which is said to bare the tomb of Christ. The second Crusade was over the fall of Edessa, which was said accomplished nothing. The third crusade was over Jerusalem, which was captured by Saladin. In summary, the Crusades were religious wars.
How Did The Crusades Affect Medieval Europe
Medieval Europe was a time of war and conflict between different peoples. One of the most important military endeavors of the time was called the Crusades, which was a campaign of Christian attempts to take Jerusalem from the Muslims, who occupied it at the time. Spread over several hundred years, many bloody battles were fought over the holy city. The Crusades involved the two largest religions on the continent and impacted a massive amount of people. The battles irreparably changed the lives of everyone they touched, turning peasants to knights and nobles to slaves.
The Crusades: A Turning Point In History
The Crusades was a turning point in history because it depleted the population, made the relationships between religions very strained, and introduced a variety of new ideas and products to the Europeans/Crusaders. The Crusades began after Emperor Alexius requested Pope Urban III to find him a couple of hundred mercenaries who would help him take back the Holy lands after the Muslims had taken it over and had limited their access to their biblical sites. He supported their claim to the crusades by saying that God owns all the land and that it was meant for his children, but since the Muslims stole and inhabited his land, so they must take it back. Pope Urban III gave a speech to all of western christendom, saying, "This royal city, therefore, situated at the center of the world, is now held captive by His enemies, and is in subjection to those who do not know God, to the worship of the heathens. She seeks therefore and desires to be liberated, and does not cease to implore you to come to her aid.".
Greek Fire In The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of military and religious expeditions to reconquer the holy land of Jerusalem. They were led by the Christians and were meant to get the land back into Christian power and get rid of the ruling Muslims. From 1000 to 1400 over a dozen Crusades took place from all across Europe, where hundreds of thousands of soldiers fought, however, there were three major Crusades. Pope Urban II encouraged his people to join the first Crusade and started the biggest series of battles ever to take place. As a result of the first Crusade, four Christian kingdoms were created.
The Crusades: The First Crusade
Introduction For nearly 200 years, Christians engaged in a series of holy wars with the Muslims in what is now known as the Crusades. The First Crusade is marked by a specific act on November 27, 1095. In an open field, outside the city of Clermont in Auvergne, Pope Urban II gave an impassioned speech to the people gathered. In this speech, Urban II urged his hearers to take part in a military expedition to the East.
Pros And Cons Of The Crusades
The Crusades were expeditions done by the Roman Catholic Church in alliance with Middle-Age Kingdoms and Empires. There were a total of nine Crusades during the period of 1095 to 1291, led by Saladin, Richard I "the Lionheart" of England, Pope Urban II, Frederick I the Holy Roman Emperor, etc. At first, the Crusades were a way to fight back the Muslims for their conquest of Jerusalem. The idea of the Crusade was a very good marketing strategy by Pope Urban II. It was told that any Crusader would be rewarded a place in heaven, and forgiven their sins.
King Ramses Accomplishments
But what makes this statement special is that their are similarities in culture in with the Egyptians and modern day culture. From these we can conclude that the Egypt 's idea for a great man doesn't just apply to Egypt, it shows that they thought of something in human nature that anyone could
The Thirty Years War: The Negative Effect Of The Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation took place in the 16th century in Europe. This reformation was led by reformers such as Martin Luther and John Calvin. Martin Luther and John Calvin disputed the Church's views and what they defined Christianity as. Not only did this reformation lead to changes in religious and spiritual life but it also led to consequences for politics and society. The Protestant Reformation caused outbreak in war, which showed the demand for reform to take place.
More about Arguments Against The Crusades


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Tiger Mother And Her Cubs Emerge From Den To Drink At Watering Hole
THESE stunning pictures capture the moment a mother tiger and her cubs emerge from their den to drink at a watering hole
Scroll down for the full story
The rare encounter of a tiger and her cubs was captured by wildlife photographer Andy Rouse
Shot in India's Ranthambhore National Park, they reveal the intimate moments between a mother tiger and her 4-month-old cubs in the wild.
Wildlife photographer Andy Rouse had been on the trail of the mother, known as Noor, for several days but had only glimpsed a few tantalizing sightings of cubs' tails flicking in the grass.
He said: "One morning, we arrived early to find Noor sitting by the road with her cubs.
Rouse had been trailing the tiger and her cubs for days before he could get close
"We knew, from experience, that sitting in the clear like this meant she was taking the cubs somewhere and we had a pretty good idea where - to a waterhole."
So Andy and his team decided to drive ahead of Noor to wait for the perfect photo opportunity.
Andy, 51, said: "We took a gamble and drove ahead of her on the road to wait. We had a perfect view of the waterhole and the road so would see her coming.
Andy still ensured that he stayed at least 20 metres away so as not to cause alarm
"Sure enough, she appeared with the cubs walking behind her. As she reached the first of the waterholes, two of the cubs raced ahead and started to play, whilst one stayed with her and followed her down to the water to drink."
Rouse stayed on the road the whole time during the encounter and he believes this allowed Noor to stay relaxed, allowing the photographer's encounter with the majestic animal to develop.
He said: "The closest we got was 20 metres, it was on her terms. We respected her, both as a mother and the fact that we were just guests in her domain, by staying a good distance away and not doing anything to alarm her.
Andy said: "To have such a close and peaceful encounter with an endangered and iconic big cat is beyond words"
"So it was an encounter that was about as perfect as it could be."
For Andy, it was an extremely rare opportunity to see tiger cubs in their natural environment and the images show the mother tiger looking after her cubs, just as we would our own children.
The wildlife photographer said: "As she reached the first of the waterholes, two of the cubs raced ahead and started to play, whilst one stayed with her and followed her down to the water to drink.
After about two or three years with their mother, the cubs establish their own territories
"She kept glancing at the two naughty cubs and after a minute or so obviously could not relax so she stopped drinking and walked to the second waterhole where the cubs were playing."
Rouse added: "It's so rare to see tiger cubs like this, really I don't ever expect it, but when I do there is really nothing that compares with the high that I feel afterwards.
"To have such a close and peaceful encounter with an endangered and iconic big cat is beyond words, it's more like a dream come true."
To see more of Andy's incredible wildlife photography, visit his Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/wildmanrouse/?hl=en
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License Me!
To licence this copyrighted content from Barcroft Media click here


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Molly Potkin
Molly Potkin was born and raised in Chicago, where her father, Louis, was a tailor and actor on the Yiddish stage in the city, and her mother, Rose Lerner, was a Russian immigrant who made hats.
Early on, after being taught basic drawing skills by a Wicker Park neighbor, Potkin found a passion for art. She earned a degree at the School of the Art Institute (SAIC), acquiring the skills that led to her career as a commercial artist. Her first job was drawing fashion ads, initially for several retail companies and then for the Sun-Times. She subsequently created MollyCues, a puzzle page for children that ran in the Chicago Sun-Times during the 1950s and 1960s; and contributed to Highlights magazine for children. While she socialized with celebrities such as Jerry Lewis and Danny Thomas and other members of Chicago's theater crowd at Fritzel's restaurant in the Loop, Potkin's lifelong devotion was to her mother and two aunts, whom she cared for in their later years.
Her drawings of 1930s Chicago, such as Afternoon in the Park, Saturday Night—No Date, Untitled (Party scene 1), and Untitled (Party scene 2), reflect her early interest in fashion and adept hand in capturing the glamour of everyday life in the modern city.
Judy Friedman (Potkin's cousin), conversation with the author, July 28, 2011.
"Molly Potkin, 80" [Obituary]. Chicago Tribune, December 24, 2001.
Artist image: Courtesy of Judy Friedman.
WORKS BY Molly Potkin
Saturday Night No Date, 1930s
Untitled (Party scene 2), 1930s


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Because Life is Better with Happily Ever Afters
Chicago Stars Series
Wynette, Texas Books
SEP's Newsletter
Epilogue to Heaven, TX
How Panda Got His Name
My Secret Service Valentine
SEP Interviews SEP
Kristan Higgins Interviews SEP
You are here: Home / Epilogue to Heaven, TX
Anyone who reads my books knows that I love epilogues—reading and writing them. I want to know what happens to the characters after the book is over, and HEAVEN, TEXAS is one of my few books missing that information.
I originally wrote an epilogue for that book, but ended up cutting it because I liked the present ending better. This had led to countless inquiries over the years about Gracie Snow and Bobby Tom Denton. Did they stay in Telarosa? Did they have children? Were Way Sawyer and Suzy Denton happy? What were all of them doing with their lives?
I'm delighted to tell you that I was digging into my files not long ago and found the original unpublished epilogue to HEAVEN, TEXAS. Enjoy!
UNPUBLISHED EPILOGUE to HEAVEN, TEXAS
Nine-year-old Danny Denton looked toward the ball field with worried eyes. "Mom's embarrassing everybody again, Dad."
Bobby Tom wrapped his arm around the boy's shoulders. "That's her way, son."
"But, Dad, she's arguing against her own daughter!"
"Your sister understands. Wendy knows how Mom feels about being fair. And that ump has been paying more attention to his girlfriend than the game."
Danny, a homely little critter with red hair, freckles, and a face he wouldn't grow into for years, couldn't have caught a ball if it had glue on it, and he had a hard time seeing the point of organized sports. "I don't understand why you're not coaching the team. You know a lot more about this stuff than Mom."
"She won't let me. She says I put too much pressure on the kids to win."
"Your mom pretty much knows me like the back of her hand. That's why I let her boss me around so much."
"You boss her around, too," Danny said. "Just yesterday, I heard you tell her if she didn't get herself up to the bedroom in two seconds, you were gonna turn mean."
Bobby Tom smiled. "She had laundry to fold, son."
"I don't think it had anything to do with laundry. You guys were kissing again."
Bobby Tom laughed at the expressions of pure disgust on Danny's face and risked his son's wrath by planting a quick kiss on top of his head. Out on the field his ten-year-old daughter Wendy waited patiently for her mother to finish pointing out the path of righteousness to the teenage ump, even though Wendy knew she was going to be called out by the time Gracie was done.
Wendy Susan Denton was already on her way to being the finest female athlete anybody in this part of the country had ever seen, but in Bobby Tom's mind, she was Gracie's daughter through and through, with her mother's same reverence for fair play.
"Grandpa!" Danny jumped up as his grandfather came over to sit next to them on the wooden bleachers.
"Hey, Danny Boy!" Way Sawyer hugged Danny and then glanced toward the field. "Gracie's doing it again, isn't she? Arguing with the ump against her own team—her own daughter!"
"Yep," Bobby Tom replied. "Nobody except Danny has the nerve to tell her she's making a fool of herself."
Way shook his head. "People around here don't like to mess with Gracie too much. Never know what she might do."
That was for sure, Bobby Tom thought. Gracie Snow Denton was the sweetest little pain in the ass Telarosa, Texas, had ever known. She'd turned Arbor Hills into one of the finest nursing and convalescent centers in the state, and she'd instituted so many do-good civic projects that he'd just about lost track. Now she was the town's mayor, something even he hadn't seen coming.
Way nodded toward his granddaughter on the field. "You've got to do something with that child, Bobby Tom. The most talented athlete we've had around here since you were a kid, but most of the time she doesn't even know what the score is."
Bobby Tom's eyes glimmered with pride. His daughter would always play more for the pure joy of sport than the final score.
"Couldn't you at least talk her out of wearing those hair ribbons and ruffly socks on the field?" Way complained. "Doesn't look right."
"Historically speaking, us Dentons like to look good even when we're in uniform."
Danny wrinkled his nose and turned to his grandfather. "Dad says you and me have to let him help us trouble-shoot that new circuit board we're building. But remember how he messed up last time."
Way shot Bobby Tom an amused look then turned his attention back to his grandson. "How's your dad going to learn anything about electronics, Danny, if we don't keep working with him?"
"That's what Mom says," Danny grumbled. "Grandma, too."
Bobby Tom chuckled and thought about how much more difficult it would be to raise a son with an astronomically high IQ and a passion for electronics if he and Gracie didn't have Way and Suzy helping them out. Bobby Tom's friendship with his stepfather had been one of the many additional joys in his life since he'd married Gracie. Another had been running the Denton Foundation, a job that had proved more challenging and more rewarding than he'd ever imagined. Although Blood Moon had done all right at the box office, he'd never regretted giving up his film career. He didn't like anything that kept him from Telarosa for too long.
To no one's surprise, the ump fell in with Gracie's way of thinking, called Wendy out, and the game was over. The minute Wendy could get away, she ran to him, all liquid power and leggy grace. Throwing herself in his arms, she began to chatter. "We had so much fun today, Daddy! Did you see Kimmie catch that fly, and did you see my home run. I did just what you told me. I swung real smooth. Can we go get ice cream now?"
Way interrupted. "I'm taking both you and Danny for ice cream, and then Grandma's invited you to sleep over at our house tonight."
As the kids cheered, Bobby Tom regarded his stepfather. "I don't know anything about this."
"Gracie's orders."
Bobby Tom grinned. "Hot damn."
Gracie's coppery curls bounced as she came up beside him and pecked his cheek absentmindedly. "Now don't start yelling at me," she said. "Wendy was out, and the fact that she was on my team—"
"Not to mention your own daughter."
"Fair is fair, sweetheart." She gave him the generous smile that still made his heart swell. Gracie had a way of looking at him that left him feeling like the luckiest man in the world.
The children hugged their parents and set off with their grandfather. Bobby Tom watched them go and turned to his wife. "What kind of mother abandons two innocent children to grandparents who are going to stuff them with junk food and keep them up past their bedtime?"
"A mother who wants some uninhibited sex with her husband."
"I was hoping you'd say that." He grabbed her hand and pulled her toward the family van. Fifteen minutes later, they were standing in their living room, warm and homey in the fading light, simply holding each other and feeling blessed. Bobby Tom finally broke the silence. "Whose turn is it?"
He lifted an eyebrow. "You're a liar, sweetheart. It's mine and you know it. Tonight, every inch of that beautiful body of yours belongs to me."
"I distinctly remember—"
"Sex trophies don't argue, honey. They just do what their man tells them."
Gracie hooked her fingers over his belt and tugged him toward the bedroom, a gleam in her eyes. "We'll see who's the sex trophy."
The contest was fiercely fought but, in the end, undecided. They agreed to schedule a rematch just as soon as they'd phoned their children to tell them good night.
DANCE AWAY WITH ME
Coming June 9, 2020!
Copyright © 2020 Susan Elizabeth Phillips · Log in


Created on 2018-05-27 14:20 by artem.smotrakov, last changed 2018-12-29 15:02 by kyoshidajp.
Looks like urllib may leak sensitive HTTP headers to third parties when handling redirects.
The problem is that urllib sends the Authorization and Cookie headers headers to http://headers.gypsyengineer.com as well.
then urllib is going to send sensitive headers to http://attacker.com where the attacker can gather them.
As a result, the attacker can imporsonate the user on the original web site.
If I am not missing something, it would be better if urllib filtered out sensitive HTTP headers while handling redirects.
Please let me know if I wrote anything dumb and stupid, or if you have any questions :) Thanks!
According to https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1969709/how-to-forward-headers-on-http-redirect , there's nothing in the specs that mention (even the possibility) of any special request header processing.
According to https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4 , redirection targets are to be treated as effectively equal to the original URL.
So, there aren't any grounds for the proposed filtering from web standards' POV.
once you have given your credentials to a server, it is free to do whatever it wants with them. So, by giving them, you have effectively put down your signature that you trust the server with your data -- which implies trusting its advice where to resend it.
Yes, unfortunately specs don't say anything about this scenario.
> once you have given your credentials to a server, it is free to do whatever it wants with them.
I am sorry that I couldn't convice you. Thank you for your reply!
It's not about "convincing" me or anyone else. It's about showing how this will be a strict improvement.
I showed that the HTTP RFC allows apps to rely on the fact that they are receiving all the headers. So filtering them arbitrarily violates the HTTP standard -- while the whole purpose of `urllib` is to conform to it (or it would not be able to reliably talk to HTTP servers).
So, your suggestion is a disaster rather than improvement.
I think that an Authorization header for host A may make sense for host B if both A and B use the same database with user credentials. I am not sure that modern authentication mechanisms like OAuth rely on this fact (although I need to check the specs to make sure).
I agree with this suggestion.
First, section 6.4. "Redirection 3xx" of RFC 7231 doesn't explicitly explain whether to send all headers (including Authorization).
I have confirmed that some third-party-library, tool, Programing Language and web browser did NOT forward the Authorization header at redirect.
In other words, these are being on the safe side.
Actually, HTTPBasicAuthHandler of urllib2 doesn't forward the Authorization header at redirect. If this suggestion is rejected, I think that it should be changed.
Like say Katsuhiko YOSHIDA (https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/11292#issuecomment-449667371) this should be filter other sensitive header. I think that is reasonable if we think on a complete solution to this issue.
Maybe this issue could be apply on 3.5+ version?
Are you aware of the "add_unredirected_header" method? Maybe that is enough to avoid your problem.
Thanks. But I think the "add_unredirected_header" is not enough.
These sensitive headers should be removed only when redirecting to cross-site automatically for security like HTTPBasicAuthHandler of urllib2. In order to fulfill this requirement, I think the operation should be in HTTPRedirectHandler.redirect_request.
According to RFC7235 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7235#section-4.1), WWW-Authenticate header is sent from server to client. And it has not credential data.
Also, Cookie2 header is already obsoleted by RFC6295 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265).
So, I think that both "Authorization" and "Cookie" are enough.


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Weekly Chasidic Story #1143 (s5780-06/ 6 Mar-Cheshvan, 5780)
The Respectable-Looking Thief
"You had better do what the Baal Shem Tov says. Otherwise, I don't even want to think about what might happen to you."
Connection: The weekly Torah reading of Lech Lecha -- Brit Mila (Circumcision)
Story in PDF format for more convenient printing.
Once a merchant from the town of Whitfield returned from a buying trip with a wagon piled high with merchandise. He arrived late at night and was too tired to open up his store and unload the wagon. Instead, he un-harnessed the horses and left the wagon outside his store, planning to unload it the next morning. After all, he thought, "Who would steal such a large wagon?"
The next morning, the merchant rose early and rushed to his store to unload. To his shock, the wagon with its precious load was no longer there. He was beside himself with fear and pain at the loss of almost all his wealth. A number of his friends joined him in his frantic search through the town. But there was no sign of the wagon. He realized that a thief must have seen the unattended treasure the night before, harnessed other horses to the wagon, and stole it together with all the merchandise.
The merchant sent a letter with a friend to the Baal Shem Tov, advising him of his loss and requesting a blessing that the wagon and his merchandise be returned. When the messenger arrived in Medzibush, he found the Baal Shem Tov kissing the mezuzah of his house, as he was leaving to attend a Brit Mila (circumcision ceremony) in the Jewish community of Derzane.
The Baal Shem Tov took the letter from the messenger and quickly read through it. He then instructed the messenger, "Please wait here until I return." The messenger agreed and took lodging at the local inn.
The Baal Shem Tov left in his wagon for the long trip to the city of Derzane accompanied by Reb Zev his scribe and Alexei his gentile wagon driver. As they were entering the city, the Baal Shem Tov saw a wagon loaded with merchandise in the distance. He turned to his scribe and asked, "Reb Zev, do you see that loaded wagon over there pulled by two horses?"
"Yes," answered Reb Zev.
"And do you remember the man that spoke to me just before we left?" inquired the Baal Shem Tov.
Reb Zev nodded yes.
"That man," continued the Baal Shem Tov, "was sent by a merchant from Whitfield whose wagon full of merchandise was stolen. He requested my blessing that the wagon and the merchandise would be found and returned; it represented nearly all of the merchant's wealth. Well, that very wagon full of merchandise is the one that was stolen.
"When we get to town, I want you to immediately ask around and find out at which inn the supposed owner of the wagon is staying. Then, go to that inn, find the wagon owner and tell him that you know the wagon was stolen from Whitfield. Tell him to give it to you to return to the merchant. Meanwhile, I'll go to the Bris."
Immediately upon arriving in town, Reb Zev inquired and found that the man driving the wagon was staying at a certain inn. He went to that inn and found the man praying in his tallit (prayer shawl) and tefilin ('Phylacteries'). Reb Zev was reluctant to call the man a thief since he appeared innocent, as he prayed like any honest Jewish man.
Reb Zev rushed to the Baal Shem Tov and told him what he had seen.
The Baal Shem Tov responded forcefully. "Return immediately and tell that thief as I instructed you. Otherwise he will soon leave town and the wagon and merchandise will be lost."
Reb Zev ran back to the inn where the thief was staying. This time he found the man eating breakfast. He questioned the man about the wagon and the merchandise. The man responded with a credible story. When the man stepped out for a minute, Reb Zev questioned the innkeeper. "Did that man drink a lot of whiskey like some kind of thief?"
"Oh no," answered the inn keeper, "He just had one drink like many do after the morning prayers."
Reb Zev left again without directly confronting the man. He returned to the Baal Shem Tov and reported all that had happened. He concluded with frustration in his voice, "Rebbe, you must be mistaken. He is an upstanding Jewish merchant and can't be a thief."
This time the Baal Shem Tov stood up and pushed Reb Zev to the door saying, "He is not an upstanding Jewish merchant, he is a Jewish thief. Now go and confront him and call him a thief. Then prove your accusation with the following signs." After Reb Zev heard the signs, he rushed back to the inn.
As soon as he entered the inn, he walked up to the man and said that the Baal Shem Tov had sent him. He then told him that the Baal Shem Tov knew he was a thief and had stolen the wagon and the merchandise. Further, he offered to prove it with the signs the Baal Shem Tov told him.
"After the wagon was stolen, you hid for three nights in the forest until the owner gave up looking. During that time, you slept in an abandoned cabin near the river. Then you stayed at two inns until you arrived here in the city of Derzene." After Reb Zev related the signs, he warned the thief, "You had better return the wagon and merchandise to the Baal Shem Tov. He'll take it back to the merchant. Otherwise, I don't even want to think about what might happen to you."
The thief was overwhelmed by the Baal Shem Tov's knowledge. "You're right," he said, "I confess; I stole it. Take the wagon with the merchandise."
Reb Zev asked the innkeeper to guard the wagon and merchandise because he was going to the Bris with the Baal Shem Tov.
When the thief heard Reb Zev speak with the inn keeper, he thought, "Now that I'm a poor man again, I might as well go to the Bris and eat with the other beggars." During the meal after the Bris, the thief approached the Baal Shem Tov and asked, "Rabbi, I have a question to ask you. Since you know how thieves steal and where they sleep, you must be able to see better things than this. Why do you bother to pay attention to bad things? Why don't you look at good things instead?"
The Baal Shem Tov answered: "That is a very profound question." He began to expound words of Torah on this topic until the time of Mincha (the afternoon prayers) arrived, and still he had not finished.
As soon as the Mincha prayer was completed, the Baal Shem Tov turned to Reb Zev and said, "We should be going. That messenger is still waiting for us to return with the merchant's wagon and merchandise."
Freely adapted by Tzvi Meir HaCohane (Howard M. Cohn, Patent Attorney) from a story in Shivchei HaBesht and translated in In Praise of the Baal Shem Tov by Ben-Amos and Mintz. Cohn also is the founder and director of //baalshemtov.com .
Biographic note:
Rabbi Yisrael ben Eliezer [of blessed memory: 18 Elul 5458- 6 Sivan 5520 (Aug. 1698 - May 1760 C.E.)], the Baal Shem Tov ["Master of the Good Name"-often referred to as "the Besht" for short], a unique and seminal figure in Jewish history, revealed his identity as an exceptionally holy person, on his 36th birthday, 18 Elul 5494 (1734 C.E.), and made the until-then underground Chasidic movement public. He wrote no books, although many works claim to contain his teachings. One available in English is the excellent annotated translation of Tzava'at Harivash, published by Kehos.
Connection: Weekly reading of Lech Lecha - the first mention of the mitzvah of circumcision.
Yerachmiel Tilles is co-founder and associate director of Ascent-of-Safed, and chief editor of this website (and of KabbalaOnline.org). He has hundreds of published stories to his credit, and many have been translated into other languages. He tells them live at Ascent nearly every Saturday night.
To receive the Story by e-mail every Wednesday--sign up here!
"Festivals of the Full Moon"
("Under the Full Moon" vol 2 - holiday stories)
is now available for purchase from ASCENT
* ~ * ~ * ~ * ~ *
Book 1 of Yerachmiel Tilles's 3-volume set, "Saturday Night, Full Moon",
is also available for purchase on our KabbalaOnline-shop site.
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text:
Written by Khusboo Mehta on April 3, 2019 Share on
10 quirky and bizarre Spanish festivals
Spain is known throughout the world for good food, great people, it's scenic beauty and most importantly for the parties it hosts. But there are some crazy festivals that are highly celebrated in Spain, but not so known to the world.
Here's a list of 10 bizarre and quirky festivals that are celebrated in Spain and are a must visit for all travel souls.
1. Las Fallas – Valencia
Las Fallas festival is a loud, smoky, high-spirited fiesta where flickering flames dance in the streets and plazas of Valencia! A five-day festival that lasts from March 15 to 19; enormous ninots (puppets and dolls) made from papier-mache, cardboard, wood, or plaster are created and set ablaze. These lifelike ninots usually depict bawdy, satirical scenes and current events. All the ninots are set out in the city for viewing until March 19, when all the fallas are set aflame, except for one on the day known as La Cremà. The ninot spared from destruction is selected by a popular vote and is exhibited in the local Fallas Museum along with the other favorites from past years.
2. Festival of Santa Marta de Ribarteme – Las Nieves, Pontevedra in Galicia
Held on July 29 every year, the basic premise of this festival revolves around the fact that those who have faced near-death experience in the past 12 months would travel to the village of As Nieves, along with their family and friends and climb into coffins and pretend to be dead as their family carries them through the streets along with other mourners to the Church of Santa Marta de Ribarteme where prayers to the statue of Santa Marta begin. The pilgrims pray to the Saint, and thank the saint for saving their lives and give a gift to the Saint, usually in the form of money.
3. La Tomatina – Buñol, Valencia
A food fight festival held last Wednesday of August each year, La Tomatina is a huge tomato fight festival which attracts thousands of people from all corners of the world. Established as the 'World's biggest food fight', one hundred metric tons of over-ripe tomatoes are thrown in the streets and at the firing the water cannons signal, the chaos begins and within seconds tomato goo covers everyone and everything. After one hour, the cleansing process begins when fire trucks come in and spray down water on everyone.
4. Wine Flight – La Batalla Del Vino De Haro
From 27th to 30th of June of every year, thousands of thirsty locals and wine addicted tourists climb a mountain in La Rioja, Spain, and throw the sweet red liquid all over each other. It is the biggest party that happens in the quaint town of Haro. After a few hours of frolicking and fun, from the mountains, the fight descends down to the Haro town, where the only fight is done with traditional dances induced by hours of red wine pouring down one's throat.
5. Tamborrada Drum Festival – San Sebastián
A celebratory drum festival held every January 20 in the city of San Sebastián, starts at midnight on the city flag raising by the mayor and goes on for 24 hours with non-stop drumming. Dressed as cooks and soldiers, participants march in companies across the city and celebration ends at midnight, when people congregate at the Konstituzio Plaza and the city flag is simultaneously lowered at various locations.
6. New Year in August – Berchules, Granada
This event came about by chance after the inhabitants of the region were unable to welcome in the new year due to an electricity blackout on the 31st of December. Hence the inhabitants of Berchules decided to move the New Year's Eve to the first weekend of August. More than 10000 people today gather in this town to celebrate new years the traditional way with jamun tasting; eating twelve grapes at the stroke of midnight.
7. Salto del Colacho – Castrillo de Murcia, Burgos
It is an annual baby jumping festival held in the village of Castrillo de Murcia near Burgos. Men dressed as devil in red and yellow suits, known as Colacho, jump over young babies in an ancient Spanish religious festival designed to chase out bad spirits. The babies are all under one year of age and the festival takes place annually on the feast of Corpus Christi and is meant to represent the triumph of Christianity over evil.
8. San Fermin (Pamplona Bull Run)
This festival runs from July 6th – July 14; 8 days, 849 meters and gives 110% adrenaline rush. The event often referred as Running of the bulls in English is the 'encierro' held in Pamplona in honor of Saint Fermin. It is a summertime festival that involves people running in front of a small group of cattle, typically six but sometimes ten or more, that have been let loose on a certain section of a town's streets.
9. Dance of the Dead – Verges, Girona
Given impetus by the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War, it is a literary or pictorial representation of a procession or dance of both living and dead figures, the living arranged in order of their rank, the highest being pope and then emperor to child, clerk, and hermit, and finally the dead leading them to the grave.
10. Human Tower Building Competition – Tarragona
Declared as Cultural and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, constructing human towers or castells is a rural cultural phenomenon of Catalonia. Every year around 40 teams register and try very hard to showcase their determination. This one is definitely awe-inspiring and occurs yearly in close vicinity to Barcelona.
Make your Spain visit now and participate in these crazy festivals right away!
Khusboo Mehta
17 Posts Published.
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This Side Up is a 12 year old company which has an envious experience in moving and packing facilities. This blog will help you to learn more about this company. This Side Up was founded in 2005 by a youngster, Colby Robinson and is currently being operated through an office at Madison, Alabama. It has its operations throughout the areas of Huntsville and Nashville and provides interstate and intrastate services to its customers.
They also have their own website where viewers can get to know more about them and their services. They provide a free estimate of cost ofmoving on their website. Along with moving services like Commercial Moving, Residential Moving and Speciality Moving, they also provide ancillary services to the customers like packing, delivery and post-move cleaning services. Customers can also avail expert advice and tips for efficient moving. Movers can also get things-to-remember from their website.
They currently have four offices that are located in Birmingham, Huntsville, Nashville and in Brentwood – Franklin. They have a huge client base and some of them are listed on their website. They employ a group of professionals who are well trained and adept at solving the problems of the customers. Once the customer calls them for help, they are assured that their problem will be resolved as soon as possible.
Viewers can also find some general facts about movers and answers to questions like when do people move, who moves and why & why is moving hard. The ancillary services that they provide are a very smart choice from their side. They provide delivery services of your antiques and other huge single item or a bunch of items. They also provide packing services so that customer can move easily. Once the customer has moved, they provide post move-up cleaning services.


text:
Q: how to use skeletal joint to act as cursor using bounds (No gestures) I just want to be able to do something when my skeletal joint (x,y,z) coordinates are over the x,y,z coordinates of the button . . I have the following code but somehow it doesnt work properly . .as soon as my hand moves it will do something without my hand reaching the button
    if (skeletonFrame != null)
                {
                    //int skeletonSlot = 0;
                    Skeleton[] skeletonData = new Skeleton[skeletonFrame.SkeletonArrayLength];
                    skeletonFrame.CopySkeletonDataTo(skeletonData);

                    Skeleton playerSkeleton = (from s in skeletonData where s.TrackingState == SkeletonTrackingState.Tracked select s).FirstOrDefault();

                    if (playerSkeleton != null)
                    {
                        Joint rightHand = playerSkeleton.Joints[JointType.HandRight];

                        handPosition = new Vector2((((0.5f * rightHand.Position.X) + 0.5f) * (640)), (((-0.5f * rightHand.Position.Y) + 0.5f) * (480)));

                        var rightHands = playerSkeleton.Joints[JointType.HandRight];
                        var rightHandsX = rightHands.Position.X;
                        var rightHandsY = rightHands.Position.Y;
                        var rightHandsZ = rightHands.Position.Z;

                        if (Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(rightHandsX - position.X, 2) + Math.Pow(rightHandsY - position.Y, 2)) < 20)
                        {

                           // Exit();
                        }

if (Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(rightHandsX - start_bttn.Bounds.X, 1) + Math.Pow(rightHandsY - start_bttn.Bounds.Y, 1)) < 10)
                        {

                            currentGameState = GameState.Selection;
                            // Exit();
                        }

if ((rightHandsX < GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width / 2 + 150 && rightHandsX > GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width / 2 - 75) && (rightHandsY > GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height / 2 && rightHandsY < GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height / 2 + 50))
                        {
                            currentGameState = GameState.Selection;

                        }

}

A: Here is my hand tracking function.  See if it does what you want, or gets you closer...
    private void TrackHandMovement(Skeleton skeleton)
    {
        Joint leftHand = skeleton.Joints[JointType.HandLeft];
        Joint rightHand = skeleton.Joints[JointType.HandRight];

        Joint leftShoulder = skeleton.Joints[JointType.ShoulderLeft];
        Joint rightShoulder = skeleton.Joints[JointType.ShoulderRight];

        Joint rightHip = skeleton.Joints[JointType.HipRight];

        // the right hand joint is being tracked
        if (rightHand.TrackingState == JointTrackingState.Tracked)
        {
            // the hand is sufficiently in front of the shoulder
            if (rightShoulder.Position.Z - rightHand.Position.Z > 0.4)
            {
                double xScaled = (rightHand.Position.X - leftShoulder.Position.X) / ((rightShoulder.Position.X - leftShoulder.Position.X) * 2) * SystemParameters.PrimaryScreenWidth;
                double yScaled = (rightHand.Position.Y - rightShoulder.Position.Y) / (rightHip.Position.Y - rightShoulder.Position.Y) * SystemParameters.PrimaryScreenHeight;

                // the hand has moved enough to update screen position (jitter control / smoothing)
                if (Math.Abs(rightHand.Position.X - xPrevious) > MoveThreshold || Math.Abs(rightHand.Position.Y - yPrevious) > MoveThreshold)
                {
                    RightHandX = xScaled;
                    RightHandY = yScaled;

                    xPrevious = rightHand.Position.X;
                    yPrevious = rightHand.Position.Y;

                    // reset the tracking timer
                    trackingTimerCounter = 10;
                }
            }
        }
    }

There is a bit of math in there to translate the hand position to the screen position.  Different strokes for different folks, but my logic is:
Shoulders = top of screen
Hips = bottom of screen
Left Should = left most on screen

To get the right most screen position, I take the distance between the left & right shoulder and add it to the right shoulder.


Fly Fishing Class and Tutoring: Derrick Douthat -- Alumni Student -- Biggest Fish on a fly rod !!!!
Derrick Douthat -- Alumni Student -- Biggest Fish on a fly rod !!!!
Derrick Douthat holds his 18" RAINBOW TROUT from the Holston on a streamer. It did not take long before I heard... "Big Fish"... and after a great fight, here it is!!! Derrick is one of my most advanced students who fishes all types of flies with both floating and SINKING fly lines. He is hooked !!!! What a great day to be out on the stream.


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Jerusalem Post Health & Wellness
Israeli-led team discovers 72 genetic changes causing breast cancer
The findings are the result of a huge international effort that involved an investigation of some 275,000 women worldwide, of whom 146,000 had breast cancer.
By JUDY SIEGEL-ITZKOVICH
Published: OCTOBER 23, 2017 18:35
Updated: OCTOBER 24, 2017 13:53
Breast cancer (illustrative photo)
(photo credit: INGIMAGE)
Seventy-two genetic changes that can lead to breast cancer have been discovered by an international team that included researchers from Clalit Health Services and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in the largest study of the disease ever conducted.
The study, just published in Nature and Nature Genetics, provides new information on the mechanisms that cause the malignancy. Besides Israelis, the study included scientists from the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan and a large number of Western European countries.
The study identified 65 genetic changes that expose women to breast cancer, along with seven other changes that expose a specific group of women to hormone-receptor-negative forms of the disease that do not respond to hormone therapy.
The genetic component in the risk of breast cancer is comprised of relatively rare changes in genes, such as BRCA1 / BRCA2 that carry a high risk of disease, and a long list of common changes, each making only a relatively small contribution to risk. The new, large-scale study doubles the currently known number of subtle genetic changes associated with breast cancer, thus improving the understanding of its causes and the chances of finding new treatment pathways, the researchers said.
The findings are the result of a huge international effort that involved an investigation of some 275,000 women worldwide, of whom 146,000 had breast cancer. It was part of a consortium called OncoArray led by Cambridge University researchers and headed by Prof. Douglas Easton of the Center for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology at the University of Cambridge.
According to Prof. Gad Rennert, director of Clalit's National Center for Cancer Control and the study's lead researcher, the main contribution of the research is in identifying additional biological pathways whose disruption is linked to the risk of breast cancer and that will lead to the development of new innovative drugs for fighting the disease.
Clalit is currently involved in advanced research on changes typical in the Israeli population – among specific ethnic groups of both Jews and Arabs – to understand the causes of breast cancer and to promote the chances of developing new drugs specific to them.
"At the same time, an effort has been made to identify typical changes in a particular type of breast cancer, which is currently common to at least four different molecular types," said Rennert.
He added that the new findings do not detract from the large and central importance of the typical mutations found in Israeli populations in the known BRCA1/2 genes as founder mutations. Because of the high prevalence of these mutations, especially among Ashkenazim, it is important for every woman diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer – and women (or men) who do not have those diseases but whose family members do – to get a simple blood test for the presence of these mutations.
For testing and genetic counseling, contact the genetic units in most of hospitals in Israel or call Clalit's National Cancer Family Counseling Service at 04-825-0460.
Sign up for the Health & Wellness newsletter >>
Tags breast cancer


Love the notebooks and pens, and the quick and friendly service. I just got my first Hybrid Technica and I'm sure it won't be the last. It and my favorite Etranger Solid & Transparency A5 are very happy together!


14 Trespassing onto lift motor rooms, etc.
1. These By-laws may be cited as the Town Council of West Coast (Common Property and Open Spaces) By-laws 2006 and shall come into operation on 1st August 2006.
"vehicle" means a vehicle, whether mechanically propelled or not, intended or adapted for use on the road.
(2) Nothing in these By-laws shall prohibit any officer or employee of the Town Council or any person authorised by the Town Council from doing any act that is reasonably necessary or expedient in the enforcement of these By-laws.
3.—(1) No person shall place, deposit, keep or leave or cause or permit to be placed, deposited, kept or left any object, material, article or thing on any common property or in any open space except on such common property or in such open space designated by the Town Council for that purpose.
(2) No person shall transport any renovation debris or other building material in any lift in a building in any housing estate, or over any other common property or any open space, except with the prior written permission of the Town Council.
4.—(1) No person shall erect or install any fixture, structure or thing on any common property or in any open space except with the prior written permission of the Town Council.
within 7 days of that request being served on him, in default of which the Town Council may remove that fixture, structure or thing and repair any such damage caused.
(3) The amount of expenses incurred by the Town Council in removing the fixture, structure or thing and performing the repairs shall be recoverable by the Town Council from the person who has erected or installed that fixture, structure or thing.
5.—(1) No person shall endanger life or property or cause any nuisance, annoyance or inconvenience to any person within the Town by throwing, or allowing to fall, from his flat or any part of the building in a housing estate within the Town, any object, material, thing, article or substance.
(c) cause damage to any common property within the Town or the property of any other person.
(3) The Town Council may, by notice in writing, direct any owner or occupier of a flat within the Town to remove, within 7 days of the date of such notice, any pot, plant, ornament, article, object or substance placed on or at any window-sill, corridor or other part of the common property outside the flat in contravention of paragraph (2).
(4) Where, in the opinion of the Town Council, any pot, plant, ornament, article, object or substance placed on or at any window-sill, corridor or other part of the common property within the Town in contravention of paragraph (2) is an imminent danger to life or person, the Town Council may remove and detain such pot, plant, ornament, article, object or substance without any notice under paragraph (3).
(5) Where the owner or occupier of a flat fails to comply with the notice of the Town Council under paragraph (3), the Town Council may remove and detain the pot, plant, ornament, article, object or substance, as the case may be.
(6) Any expenses incurred by the Town Council in removing and detaining any pot, plant, ornament, article, object or substance under paragraph (4) or (5) shall be recoverable from the owner or occupier of the flat.
(7) The Town Council shall immediately give written notice to the owner or occupier of the flat or other person having lawful possession of the pot, plant, ornament, article, object or substance removed and detained by the Town Council under paragraph (4) or (5) that he may, on payment of the expenses incurred by the Town Council in such removal and detention, claim possession of such pot, plant, ornament, article, object or substance from the Town Council within 30 days of such removal and detention.
(b) apply the proceeds of the sale to the expenses incurred by the Town Council in the removal and detention, and the surplus, if any, shall be paid to such owner, occupier or other person.
(c) use for his own purposes as a living or dining area any part of any common property or open space.
7.—(1) No person shall obstruct or cause or permit the obstruction of the lawful use of any common property with any object, fixture or thing.
(2) The Town Council may remove and detain any object, fixture or thing obstructing the lawful use of any common property or open space.
(3) The Town Council shall immediately give written notice to the owner or person having lawful possession of the object, fixture or thing removed and detained by the Town Council that he may, on payment of the expenses incurred by the Town Council in such removal and detention, claim possession of such object, fixture or thing from the Town Council within 30 days of such removal and detention.
(b) apply the proceeds of the sale to the expenses incurred by the Town Council in the removal and detention, and the surplus, if any, shall be paid to such owner or person.
8. No person shall display or cause or permit to be displayed any sign on any common property or in any open space except with the prior written permission of the Town Council.
(b) use, ride or drive on any common property or in any open space any vehicle other than a perambulator, a child's toy vehicle used solely by a child or a wheel-chair used solely for the conveyance of persons suffering from some physical defect or disability.
(b) prevent the removal of the vehicle without his consent by fixing an immobilisation device to the vehicle.
(2) Where the secretary or the authorised officer has removed any vehicle to a place of safety or any other place under paragraph (1)(a) or fixed an immobilisation device to the vehicle under paragraph (1)(b), the secretary or the authorised officer shall give notice in writing to the owner of the vehicle as to the procedure by which he may secure the release of the vehicle.
(b) by affixing the notice onto the windscreen or any conspicuous part of the vehicle where an immobilisation device has been fixed to the vehicle under paragraph (1)(b).
(b) upon the owner of the vehicle having paid all expenses incurred by the secretary or the authorised officer, and such other charges as may be imposed under these By-laws.
(5) Any person who, without the authority of the secretary or the authorised officer, removes or tampers with any notice affixed to a vehicle under paragraph (3)(b) shall be guilty of an offence.
(7) Where any abandoned vehicle which has been removed and detained by the secretary or the authorised officer or to which an immobilisation device has been fixed in accordance with this by-law is not claimed by the owner within one month of the date of its detention or immobilisation, the secretary may, after giving one month's notice in the Gazette of his intention to do so, sell the vehicle by public auction or otherwise dispose of the vehicle in any manner as he thinks fit.
and the surplus, if any, shall be paid to the owner of the vehicle.
(9) In this by-law, "immobilisation device" means any device or appliance designed or adapted to be fixed to any part of a vehicle for the purpose of preventing the vehicle from being driven or otherwise put in motion, being a device or appliance of such type approved by the secretary or an officer authorised by the Town Council in that behalf.
11.—(1) No person shall repair, paint, spray, test or service or cause or permit to be repaired, painted, sprayed, tested or serviced any vehicle on any common property or in any open space.
(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to such repairs as may be reasonably necessary to enable the vehicle to be removed from the common property or open space.
12. No person shall throw or deposit or cause or permit to be thrown or deposited into any refuse chute in a building in any housing estate any object, material, thing, article or substance which will or is likely to choke, clog or obstruct the free fall of refuse in the chute or cause any nuisance, annoyance or inconvenience to other owners and occupiers of the building.
(b) any electricity from any socket, electrical supply line or electrical installation for the supply of electricity situated on any common property or in any open space.
Trespassing onto lift motor rooms, etc.
14. No person shall enter any lift motor room or any other common property, being a fenced enclosure, building or room, in which any installation for the use or supply of water or electricity may be situated, except with the prior written permission of the Town Council.
(ii) by sending the document by registered post addressed to the company, partnership or body of persons at its registered office or principal place of business.
16. Every offence under these By-laws shall be a compoundable offence in accordance with section 49 of the Act.
17. The Town Council of West Coast-Ayer Rajah (Common Property and Open Spaces) By-laws 2002 (G.N. No. S 112/2002) are revoked.
Made this 28th day of July 2006.