Jean-Patrick Connerade, is emeritus professor of physics at Imperial College London, UK, and the president of the European Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters (EASAL). He is also a poet in his own right, writing in French, under the pen name of Chaunes. He is also a former president of EuroScience.
To many, science would seem the very opposite of poetry, being born of reason and rational deduction, whereas a poem appears as the fruit of imagination. Amongst all literary forms, poetry is the one most likely to be associated with the irrational. This could perhaps explain the hidden tension which has driven so many scientists, from Omar Khayyam to Robert Oppenheimer and from William Hamilton to Marie Curie to write poetry. And why so many poets, from Percy Bysshe Shelley to Edgar Allan Poe, from Gérard de Nerval to Primo Levi, have written poems inspired by science or by scientific themes.
In fact, Science and Poetry form a little understood harmony. They are connected examples of human creativity, much like the Ying and the Yang of Chinese philosophy. Mysteriously, they emerge as opposite or opposing facets of the same quest for truth and for perfection.
Since the second ESOF 2014 conference, held in Munich in 2006, poets and scientists have gathered to explore this fundamental connection. Some of the poets attending are renowned simply for their poetry, while others are also well-known scientists. Jean-Patrick Connerade organises a session unique to ESOF, entitled: Science meets Poetry IV: Danish connections.
In this exclusive interview to the EuroScientist, Jean-Patrick Connerade talks about the connection between science and poetry and beyond.
This Science meets Poetry session is a chance to find out about contemporary poetry in its developing relationship to science and scientists. As part of the session, the panellists will explore Danish themes, including Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe's forgotten life as a poet, and how it worked its way into Shakespeare's play Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. "There is a Danish connection running through much of European poetry, just as it runs through European physics. . . So it is in fact an extremely rich subject this connection with Denmark," Connerade explains.
If you are interested in publishing some of your poems with us, feel free to submit relevant work and a one paragraph biography to editor[at]euroscience.org and we will certainly be happy to consider your work.
Thanks for your interest in our publication.


Elagu Elu e.V. is a social project of around 25 young persons, who engage for street children in Tallinn. Our aim is to build a social camp for and together with Estonian urchins and children brought up in children's homes, where they can spend their holidays and are looked after. The terrain the social camp is being developed on belongs to the evangelic congregation Peeteli in Tallinn, which gets involved in the street kids' problems. One to two times a year, we visit the Estonian island Saaremaa for proceeding our work on the camp. In order to finance the building activities, we work for donations in Germany.


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Freddie Gray case: State rests case against Goodson after 'rough ride' expert testifies
By Justin Fenton and Kevin Rector
Kevin Rector talks about the fifth day of the trial of Officer Caesar Goodson in the death of Freddie Gray. The prosecution rested their case and the defensive team filed a motiion for Judgement of Acquittal. Tomorrow the case will resume. (Christopher T. Assaf, Baltimore Sun video)
Prosecutors rested their case Wednesday in the murder trial of Officer Caesar Goodson Jr., after calling a police expert witness who testified about so-called rough rides but couldn't say whether the Baltimore officer gave such a ride to Freddie Gray.
The state concluded its presentation after calling 21 witnesses over five days. The defense then filed a motion for acquittal, arguing that there is not enough evidence for the case to go forward. Circuit Judge Barry G. Williams, who Goodson chose to decide his fate rather than a jury, will rule on that motion Thursday morning before the defense begins its case.
Wednesday's testimony featured two witnesses: the medic who responded to treat Gray when he was found not breathing at the Western District police station, and Neill Franklin, a retired state trooper who once oversaw training for the Baltimore Police Department. Franklin was called to testify about "retaliatory prisoner transportation practices" and police training.
Goodson, 46, has pleaded not guilty to second-degree murder, three counts of manslaughter and related charges. Prosecutors allege that he failed to secure Gray with a seat belt in the back of a police transport van and intentionally drove him around in a reckless manner. Defense attorneys have said Gray's injuries were a tragic accident.
Gray, a 25-year-old black man, suffered a severe spinal injury in the van on April 12, 2015, and died a week later.
Franklin testified that prisoners who were unsecured but shackled in a police van would have no way to stop themselves from becoming "projectiles."
Freddie Gray case: Prosecutors turn over additional evidence during trial of Officer Caesar Goodson
Evidence disclosed for the first time Wednesday in the trial of Officer Caesar Goodson Jr., the van driver charged with second-degree murder in the death of
By Kevin Rector and Justin Fenton
"It's extremely important that the ride be as smooth as possible to prevent the person in the back from being propelled around the inside," Franklin testified.
Defense attorney Matthew Fraling asked Franklin whether he had seen anything in his review of surveillance video which suggested that Goodson had driven the van erratically.
"It's not your contention that Officer Goodson in any way engaged in a rough ride?" Fraling pressed Franklin.
"I can't say for sure," Franklin replied.
Franklin, now executive director of the drug-reform group Law Enforcement Against Prohibition, testified that a seat belt would not necessarily have ensured that Gray would have been secured in the van. But he contended that Goodson should have at least tried to put a seat belt on Gray on several occasions, saying he saw no evidence that Gray posed a safety risk for officers.
Franklin's testimony underscored prosecutors' difficulty in proving their theory of a rough ride. A previous state witness, Detective Michael Boyd, also testified under cross-examination that he saw nothing in the videos to suggest that the van took an abrupt path. And Donta Allen, who was arrested later and placed into the back of the van with Gray, told investigators last year that he had a "smooth ride," though prosecutors question the legitimacy of his comments.
David Jaros, a University of Baltimore law professor, said after observing the proceedings Wednesday that prosecutors "seem to have overpromised" in saying that they would show that Goodson gave Gray a rough ride.
"Without the rough ride, it's hard to get to the mental state of wanton and reckless disregard for human life necessary for depraved-heart murder," Jaros said of the second-degree murder charge.
Prosecutors could push on with that charge, Jaros said, by shifting the focus of their case to other elements of disregard for Gray's life that they think they have proved.
The state contends that Gray was hurt earlier in the van's journey and that officers failed to get him needed medical help. They point to an unexplained stop, at which point Goodson radioed for help. Goodson, one of six Baltimore officers charged in the case, has not given a statement about that day's events. All have pleaded not guilty.
Prosecutors suffered a setback Wednesday morning when Williams ruled that he would allow into evidence a police detective's notes from an April 2015 meeting with Dr. Carol Allan, the medical examiner who performed Gray's autopsy.
The notes suggest that Allan was considering ruling Gray's death an accident rather than a homicide, a contention that Allan said was untrue during her testimony last week.
"The word 'accident' never crossed my lips to anyone, other than to say, 'This is not an accident,'" she said on the witness stand Friday.
Williams said the notes normally would not be allowed into evidence because the alleged comments were hearsay. But he allowed them as a remedy for investigators' not having turned the notes over to the defense ahead of trial, the second prosecutorial violation that Williams has found during Goodson's trial.
Last week, Williams told prosecutors to go back to their case files and search again for any evidence that they had not disclosed to the defense. Williams gave that order because of an undisclosed interview with Allen, the second man in the van, which Williams said should have been turned over.
The weekend review turned up a handful of additional disclosures, including the notes about the meeting with the assistant medical examiner, taken by Baltimore Police Detective Dawnyell Taylor.
Taylor is listed as the lead investigator in the indictment charging the six officers in Gray's death, but has not been called as a witness at any of the trials.
The Baltimore Sun reported last year that a rift developed between Taylor and Deputy State's Attorney Janice Bledsoe during the investigation of the case. Prosecutors stopped communicating with her about the case after an argument over the legality of the knife that Gray had been found carrying upon his arrest, Taylor said last year.
The medic who responded to the Western District police station to treat Gray after the van arrived also took the stand Wednesday. The medic, 17-year veteran Angelique Herbert, testified that it was immediately apparent that Gray was not breathing.
"What the f--- did you guys do?" Herbert testified she said to the officers.
Among the officers with Gray at that point were Goodson, William Porter and Zach Novak. Novak, who was given immunity from prosecution by the state's attorney's office, was holding Gray and told Herbert that the prisoner might have hit his head against the van walls. Porter and Goodson shrugged, she said.
After a brief discussion with the officers, Herbert said she began treating Gray for a possible drug overdose. He had a small amount of blood and froth under his nose. She also said he had become incontinent.
Herbert testified that Goodson helped her load Gray onto a stretcher and into the ambulance.
The defense is pointing to Herbert's observation as an indication that Gray was injured shortly before the van arrived at the Western District.
No officer who interacted with Gray before that has testified about or given a statement that included such observations. Defense medical experts have testified that the impact of Gray's injury would have been sudden and apparent shortly after it occurred.
Goodson is the third city officer to go on trial in the Gray case. In May, Williams acquitted Officer Edward Nero, who participated in Gray's arrest and helped place him into the van, on all charges. In December, Williams declared a mistrial in Porter's case after a jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict on any of the four charges against him. He is scheduled to be retried in September.
Baltimore Sun reporter Justin George contributed to this article.
jfenton@baltsun.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Rebekah Pickering Wood
History, Languages and International Studies
Email: rebekah.pickeringwood@ntu.ac.uk
Publications: Go to Rebekah Pickering Wood's publications
Course(s) I teach on
UN Goals
Dr Pickering Wood joined the School of Arts and Humanities at NTU in 2019 and contributes to scholarly activity, module leadership and teaching at undergraduate and postgraduate level on BA (Hons) History and MA Museum and Heritage Development. She is also a PhD Supervisor facilitating studies that bridge historical and creative disciplines.
Her academic interests include the development of digital skills and narratives, utilising technology as a tool for enhancing experiential learning and practice seeking to rethink pedagogical approaches for online-learning. Her background in creative design supports her interest in developing creative assessments approaches within humanities focusing on the use of film, audio and visual methods to showcase historical understanding and interpretation. Dr Pickering Wood also seeks to address the lack of representation of minority groups and working-class narratives within Higher Education disciplines through challenging divisive rhetoric and establishing new approaches to inclusive assessment.
Dr Pickering Wood has developed her focus as an academic researcher and educator examining how creative practice can influence contemporary approaches to museum and heritage interpretation. Her background is in Textile Design and Innovation, examining the history and symbolism of heritage crafts and the cultural significance of these approaches within the communities that practice them. She secured funding from the Arts and Humanities Research Council through a Collaborative Doctoral Partnership Award to undertake her PhD at NTU in collaboration with the Framework Knitters Museum and developed interdisciplinary skills working with complex artefacts and digital processes. This practice-led research focused on safeguarding heritage craft skills that are at risk of being forgotten and on the difficulties that arise when analysing complex or delicate artefacts such as textiles. Prior to joining the teaching team within the School of Arts and Humanities she lectured in Fashion and Textile Design for the School of Art and Design at NTU before undertaking project management roles within the heritage sector working with museums and heritage sites on projects funded by The National Lottery Heritage Fund and Arts Council England and Heritage Open Days. This included the strategic development and implementation of accessible arts and heritage activity focussing on education and community outreach, delivering museum education projects across the UK for the National Justice Museum, engaging diverse audiences through public legal education and citizenship outreach and identifying ways to develop creative and digital approaches to accessibility and engagement. Rebekah continues to work closely with museums and heritage sites to develop creative research opportunities and events.
Her current research interests include:
The use of technology to widen accessibility and access in cultural environments
The digitisation of archives and collections.
The development of creative processes within museum and heritage practice, focusing on materiality and both tangible and intangible heritage
WOOD, R.E., 2013. The knitter's tale: a practice-led approach to framework knitting through a contemporary exploration of traditional practices, patterns, skills and stories. Nottingham Trent University.
WOOD, R. E, 2018, Creative Court UK: Engaging young people with the history of law and justice. Case Studies, Vol 21 (2018), GEM (Group for Education in Museums), London. pp 21-22.
WOOD, R. E. (2017), Creative Court UK – Exploring Public Legal Education through the Arts. The Expert Witness. London. Vol 1 Issue 22 – Winter 2017/18 pp 81-82. Available online
See all of Rebekah Pickering Wood's publications...
History - BA (Hons)
Undergraduate | Full-time / Part-time (day) | 2023
https://www.ntu.ac.uk/course/arts-and-humanities/ug/ba-hons-history
Museum and Heritage Development - MA; PGCert; PGDip
Postgraduate taught | Full-time / Part-time | 2023
https://www.ntu.ac.uk/course/arts-and-humanities/pg/ma-pgdip-museum-and-heritage-development
Research degrees in Arts and Humanities - PhD
Postgraduate taught / Postgraduate research | Full-time / Part-time | 2023
https://www.ntu.ac.uk/course/arts-and-humanities/res/phd-research-degrees-in-arts-and-humanities
The main UN Sustainable Development Goals which inform Rebekah's work are:


N.G. Marangos - Corian, Parquet, Decking, Panels, Stairs, Doors ...N.G. Marangos provide construction and renovation materials and solutions for interior and exterior spaces including Corian, Parquet, decking, Panels, Stairs, Doors, Timber and Acoustics.
Gizet Cyprus flooring Grass Deck Sports Flooring Epoxy Industrial ...During the renovation process at Droushias Hotel in Latsi, Paphos, Gizet has successfully completed Geopave flooring for outdoor areas as pool area, m... more. 04.Apr.2013. Acrylic and synthetic grass tennis courts have been completed by Gizet in Elaion Tennis Academy. High performance courts for certified games. more. 05.Oct.2012. Gizet has already begun the execution of the epoxy flooring at the car park project in Limassol Marina. The 1stphase of 3.000m² has already been .
Gizet Cyprus floor Sports Flooring Epoxy Industrial Marking ...Gizet cyprus floor Sports flooring Epoxy Industrial Marking Microtech aggregate synthetic deck turf grass fence football safetytiles PU EPDM acrylic. ... Safety Tiles. Product Name: Safety Tiles. Product Code: ST01. Short Description: Safety Playground Rubber tile, Available height: 25-90mm Red,Green,Mepthysto, Black,other colors available according to the quantity. Downloads: ... 9.Application: Playground,Park,Roof Garden,School,Pathway,Fitness Center,Gym,Residential Area.
90 best Ipe Decking, Docks & Patios images on Pinterest | Patios ...Discover the beauty & enduring benefits of Ipe decking from AdvantageLumber.com | See more ideas about Patios, Porch and Boat.


text:
What is an ND
Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Lyme Disease and Tickborne Illness
Mold and Biotoxin Illness
Naturopathic Oncology
Women's and Men's Health
Methylation and Nutrigenomics
Neural Therapy
Peptide Therapy
Your Path Towards Health
SCHEDULE A FREE 15 MINUTE CONSULT
is natural therapies for health and healing
DR. CORY TICHAUER, ND
Dr. Cory Tichauer grew up in Omaha, Nebraska from where, as early as he can remember, he wanted to be a physician. This passion led him to pursue several positions of leadership working in local hospitals and volunteer organizations. He began his official premedical studies at Cornell University graduating with honors with a B.A. in Neurobiology and Behavior. As part of his college experience, Dr. Tichauer studied abroad in Nepal where he did an extensive research project on traditional healing methods that provided him with the opportunity to work closely with a shaman. This encounter had profound significance, for it challenged Dr. Tichauer to evaluate his motivations and purpose for becoming a physician. With a rediscovered purpose to become more than just a doctor, but a healer, his inquiries led him to the National College of Naturopathic Medicine where he graduated with his doctorate in Medicine.
Believing that the body has, within itself, the inherent ability to heal, Dr. Tichauer utilizes an integrative therapeutic model designed to remove obstacles to health while simultaneously optimizing the self-healing mechanisms of the body. Healing is accomplished through the rational and sequential elimination of infections and toxicity from the body while helping to normalize immune dysfunction, mitochondrial energy production and cellular detoxification and repair. Dr. Tichauer focuses on a functional medicine approach and incorporates the use of pharmaceutical medications, botanical medicine, IV therapeutics, Naturopathic medications, homeopathy, bioresonance, neural therapy, prolotherapy, spinal manipulation, and individualized epigenetic analysis to encourage this process and assist his patients in achieving their health goals. He employs state-of-the-art laboratory testing to support in diagnosis and tracking of underlying problems.
Dr. Tichauer has primarily focused on the realm of chronic infectious illness, neurodegenerative conditions and autoimmune disease for the past 15 years of practice with an emphasis on Tick-Borne Illness such as Lyme Disease. He has been a member of the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society since 2009 when he received a prestigious fellowship to receive formal training in the treatment of Lyme. He is also an active member of the International Society for Environmentally Acquired Illness (ISEAI). He has studied with three of the most esteemed physicians in the country on the treatment of chronic Lyme disease and is well versed in the treatment of Mold Illness and CIRS (Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome). In 2016, Dr. Tichauer spent time in Germany touring Lyme clinics and learning from seasoned physicians about how to integrate certain proven European therapies into his practice model. Always striving to improve outcomes and provide the best possible care, Dr. Tichauer is very successful in helping most patients to recover their health.
Dr. Tichauer is the father of two beautiful children who occupy most of his time when not working. When able, he enjoys mountaineering, skiing, rock climbing, road biking, backpacking, and playing guitar amongst his many hobbies. He is the owner and lead physician at Bear Creek Naturopathic Clinic.
DR. DANIEL SMITH, ND
Dr. Daniel Smith is uniquely trained and qualified to provide patients with a comprehensive, cutting-edge approach to health care diagnoses, services, treatments, and care. He specializes in Integrative Oncology. He also is one of the only primary care physicians in Southern Oregon expert in the field of Genetic Methylation Analysis.
Dr. Smith practices as a primary care provider. He makes a conventional Western diagnosis using standard diagnostic procedures such as physical examination, laboratory testing and radiology. However, he also makes a pathophysiologic diagnosis using physical and laboratory procedures to assess nutritional status, metabolic function and toxic load. In addition, a considerable amount of time is spent assessing the patient's mental, emotional, social and spiritual status. Therapeutically, he uses virtually every known natural therapy: dietetics, therapeutic nutrition, botanical medicine, physical therapy, naturopathic manipulative therapy, lifestyle counseling, exercise therapy, homeopathy, psychological and family counseling and hydrotherapy. He concentrates on whole-patient. Most importantly, Dr. Smith attempts to find the underlying cause of the patient's condition rather than focusing solely on symptomatic treatment. He cooperates with all other branches of medical science, referring patients to other practitioners for diagnosis or treatment when appropriate.
Dr. Smith views the Earth and all its life as a single, vibrant living organism with the innate ability to heal provided that it is granted the opportunity to purge itself of accumulated contaminants. The prevailing view that all organisms retain this inherent capacity to heal drew him to Naturopathic Medicine, which recognizes one's state of health as being a reflection of the relative ability to regulate one's internal environment and expel accumulated toxins. Dr. Smith has over a decade of experience developing his methods of assisting patients to integrate practical, effective and inexpensive processes into their lives that assist them in restoring health without prescription medications or surgery.
Dr. Smith was raised in a small New England town in Connecticut. At the young age of nine he already demonstrated an inclination of where his career tendencies lay when he spent the first of ten consecutive summers at an environmental education camp. His developing perception of our relationship with the natural order of the world has played an important role in his life. He graduated with a degree in Biology, after which he worked on several organic farms throughout New England. He then spent two years teaching in Western Samoa as a Peace Corps Volunteer. After traveling for eight months around the globe, he returned to the United States to commence his graduate medical school training.
DR. THOMAS MESSINGER, ND
Dr. Thomas Messinger is a licensed Naturopathic Doctor. Prior to becoming an ND, he was a Registered Nurse for 23 years, spending most of his career working in inner city Emergency Departments/Trauma Centers. He was the founder and Clinic Director of Portland Natural Medicine in SE Portland. He had a highly successful practice specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of tick-borne diseases, chronic infections, and digestive issues. He recently moved to southern Oregon and has joined Bear Creek Naturopathic Clinic to continue his clinical focus on treating patients who have experienced complex chronic illness.
His education in Lyme disease began by participating in foundational training with ILADS (International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society). He continued his education in Lyme disease by doing extensive research and by taking multiple trainings with Dr. Klinghardt, MD, PHD, a well-known Lyme disease specialist, and the Klinghardt Academy. Probably his most influential teacher are his patients, as he continues to investigate ways to help patients with complex cases get well.
Dr. Messinger is a sought after speaker on the subject of Lyme disease. He was the guest speaker on a Portland Radio show discussing Lyme disease in Oregon. Here is a link to the radio talk: https://kboo.fm/media/59097-lyme-disease-and-its-treatment
He was a featured speaker in the SIBO Summit II in 2018 where he spoke about SIBO and Lyme disease. He led a SIBO Masterclass where he discussed Lyme disease as an underlying cause of SIBO. In 2017, he spoke at the Lyme disease and Co-morbidities seminar which is a training given to physicians on Lyme disease and related topics.
Many of the patients Dr. Messinger sees have been to numerous doctors but still continue to have persistent health issues. He has found that most chronically ill patients have multiple if not numerous factors contributing to their health issues. He utilizes a number of tools to assess what may be the root causes of patient's health issues. Those tools include a detailed history and physical exam, ordering conventional labs (often ones that have not been ordered before), functional labs (may include but not limited to Urine Mycotoxin testing, sensitive Parasitology testing, Heavy Metal testing), and Autonomic Response Testing. All of these things together give the patient and Dr. Messinger a deeper insight into the imbalances that are contributing to a patient's health issues. After finding the imbalances and prioritizing the order of treatment, he will use an individualized combination of treatments which may include diet, integrative medicine, herbs, detoxification strategies, ozone therapy, neural therapy, prolozone, homeopathy, and stress reduction techniques.
The goal of the individualized treatment of the pt is to reduce toxin burden by cleaning up the patients inner and outer environment, strengthen vitality, and target chronic infections, thereby promoting the restoration of health of the individual.
DR. MARGARET PHILHOWER, ND
Dr. Margaret Philhower is a primary care naturopathic physician with over 15 years experience in family medicine with an emphasis in women's health and pediatrics. She grew up in a large family in the Midwest and moved to Olympia, Washington in the early 90s to complete her bachelor's degree at The Evergreen State College. She studied organic agriculture, environmental science and botany, and completed a trimester abroad in Guatemala studying ethnobotany. Through her studies in ethnobotany, she was introduced to naturopathic medicine and inspired to pursue a doctorate in naturopathy as a way to help heal the planet one person at a time. After graduating from Bastyr University in 2002 and completing two informal residencies in the Seattle area, Dr. Margaret moved to Takilma, OR. She opened her own private practice in the former Takilma People's Clinic building next to the Dome School in early 2007 where she continues to practice when she is not at Bear Creek Naturopathic Clinic.
Dr. Margaret has experience and interest in treating people of all ages, genders and health conditions, including autoimmune disease, thyroid conditions, women's health and digestive disorders. She specializes in providing general family medicine and preventative care with a naturopathic emphasis. She crafts individual treatment plans for each person that are mutually agreed upon, believing in the importance of health education and empowerment. Dr. Philhower is a certified DOT medical examiner for CDL physicals. She also provides school, sports, and camp physicals for kids, as well as physicals for adults such as for adoption and professional certifications. In addition, she offers Craniosacral Therapy sessions, a relaxing hands-on therapy that effortlessly eases pain and stress. She is currently accepting new patients and looks forward to assisting you on your path to optimal health.
DAWN GREENWADE, PBT(ASCP)
Certified Phlebotomist, Laboratory Technician
Dawn joined Bear Creek Naturopathic Clinic in 2015, bringing 15 years of phlebotomy experience and over a decade in specialized processing as a laboratory technician. She is also certified by the prestigious American Society for Clinical Pathology, the oldest and largest board certification agency for laboratory professionals. Integrity in processing, attention to detail, and the highest safety standards are fundamental to Dawn's approach to lab management.
Pediatric and elderly blood sample collection requires the technician be well trained and practiced in venepuncture techniques. Dawn is highly skilled in working with difficult veins or illnesses that make collection challenging. She is able to put patients at ease and provide a fresh experience of how comfortable the process can be.
Dawn above all is passionate about patient care, loving the sense of connection and reassurance that great care can contribute to the well-being and healing of the patient.
Born and raised in Alaska, Dawn has lived with her family in Southern Oregon for 14 years. She is a mother of three and enjoys hiking, camping, fishing, snowboarding and spending precious time with her grandchildren.
What is an ND?
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Are you feeling fatigued, sick or just under the weather?
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BEAR CREEK NEWS
What a Pain in the Neck! Alternative Options to Treat Nagging Aches
Pain is a difficult sensation to define, but for the purposes of this article, I will describe pain as any unpleasant sensory experience associated with inflammation or tissue damage.
Lab Assessment in Chronic Ilness: A Functional Medicine Approach
This topic is one I hold in high regard as medicine commonly grapples with an inability to provide an actionable diagnosis for the rising number of chronically ill people in the US.
Seasonal Blues Got You Down?
Cold weather, gray skies and less hours of sunlight is a familiar shift in reality for those of us living in more northerly climates of the world.
Gas, Bloating and Tummy Aches, Oh My!
Does this title sound like a familiar topic to you?
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WILLIE LANIER
Lanier, Willie Edward
Born: August 21, 1945 Clover, VA
High School: Maggie L. Walker (Richmond, VA)
1963 Morgan State Played
1964 Morgan State
Draft: 2nd round (50th overall) 1967 Kansas City Chiefs
1967 Kansas City Chiefs (AFL) 63 MLB-RLB 10 5
1968 Kansas City Chiefs (AFL) 63 MLB 14 14
1970 Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) 63 MLB 14 14
11 Years (NFL) 149 141
1968 Associated Press All-AFL
1968 Newspaper Enterprise Association All-AFL
1969 Pro Football Weekly All-AFL
1969 New York Daily News All-AFL
1970 United Press International All-AFC
1970 The Sporting News All-AFC
1970 Pro Football Weekly All-AFC
1970 Pro Bowl All-AFC
1971 Associated Press All-NFL
1971 Pro Football Weekly All-NFL
1971 Pro Football Writers of America All-NFL
1971 Newspaper Enterprise Association All-NFL
1971 Associated Press All-AFC
1986 PRO FOOTBALL HALL OF FAME
1968 Kansas City Chiefs (AFL) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 6
1973 Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) 1 0 0 0 0 - 0 6
Career Totals (NFL) 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 1 14
1968 Kansas City Chiefs (AFL) 4 120 30.0 75t 1
1969 Kansas City Chiefs (AFL) 4 70 17.5 44 0
1970 Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) 2 2 1.0 2 0
1971 Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) 2 38 19.0 21 0
1975 Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) 5 105 21.0 61 0
1976 Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) 3 28 9.3 14 0
Career Totals (NFL) 27 440 16.3 75t 2
G20+
1967 Kansas City Chiefs (AFL) 1 1 1.0 1 0 0 0 0
Career Totals (NFL) 1 1 1.0 1 0 0 0 0
1973 Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) 1.0
Career Totals (NFL) 3.0
1967 Kansas City Chiefs (AFL) 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
1970 Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) 0 0 0 2 2 0 0
1973 Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) 0 0 0 3 3 10 0
Career Totals (NFL) 0 0 0 18 18 21 0


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Office of Postdoctoral Affairs/
Digging the Future (Tomorrow, Today)
Office of Postdoctoral Affairs Residency
In collaboration with the Office of Postdoctoral Affairs.
Office of Postdoctoral Affairs Residency Blog
Cross Talk 2 and 3
Melanie Manchot is a London based visual artist who works with photography, film and video as a performative and participatory practice. Her projects often explore specific sites, public spaces or particular communities in order to locate notions of individual and collective identities. The mutability of subjectivity as well as the agency of the camera in creating a set of relations are key interests within Manchot's on-going enquiry into personhood and its representations.
Melanie Manchot's residency at North West Cambridge culminated in a performance of unusual choirs in the Concert Hall of the newly opened Community Centre at Eddington. A rap choir, a drama choir, a pagan choir and a clown choir joined voices and gestures to perform a translation of four 'scores' created from cross-disciplinary talks with Cambridge University post doc researchers.
She invites people of all ages and backgrounds to join three 'unconventional' choirs for a performance piece to be presented in …
A new artist has been appointed for the fourth year of the Habitation Artist Residency programme of the North West Cambridge Dev…


Enjoyed the vid as always.
Be glad you don't know him.
No, a fresh whale from the deep.
Welcome, I remember the name from pre-EoC. It's good to see more people from that time.
You literally died on TS after she queefed on TS LMAO.


There are a number of places called "Whitehall Road" in Leeds.
A M S Autobodies is a vehicle repair company offering a range of repair, fitting and maintenance services for various vehicles.
AB Autos is a garage which offers a range of services for different types of vehicle.
Able & Able Re-Upholstery is a firm of upholsterers offering a variety of upholstery options for various furniture items.
Acorn Carriage Co is a taxi firm providing passenger transport from and to a variety of locations.
Acorn Engineering Services is a garage offering repairs, parts, fitting and various other vehicle services.
ANC Ltd is a freight transportation company offering a range of transport and logistical solutions.
Arran Motor Services is a garage which offers a range of services for different types of vehicle.
Asbestos Equipment & Supplies is a company providing a range of asbestos surveys and asbestos removal services.
B W is a ship hire and rubbish collection company offering various waste services.
B W Skiphire is a ship hire and rubbish collection company offering various waste services.
Bill Dyson Skip Hire & Waste Management Ltd is a ship hire and rubbish collection company offering various waste services.
Bolton Of New Farnley is a garage providing MOT tests for a range of different motor vehicles.
Carlac Ltd is a retailer of a wide range of accessories for cars and other vehicles.
Christians Carpets is a carpet company selling a range of carpets, rugs and mats.
Colour Central Digital Ltd is a printer company offering various printer services and supplies.
Complete Signs is a supplier of various sign making equipment and materials.
Crown Decorator Centre is a large, independent paint manufacturer offering a range of paints and colours.
D & M is a printing business which provides a range of print finishing services.
D Hutton is a firm of accountants which gives advice on a range of various financial matters.
David Calvert is a gift shop providing a range of gift services and gift packs including baskets and flowers.
Dragon Bridge Auto's Ltd is a vehicle recovery company which collects broken down vehicles and transports them to a suitable place for repair.
Dragon Hotel is a public house where individuals and groups can enjoy food and drinks.
E J Gilchrist is a bakers' shop serving a selection of bakery products including bread, confectionery and pastries.
Eastern Food Service is a take away food outlet with a varied menu to choose from.
Euro Car Parts Ltd is a retailer of a wide range of accessories for cars and other vehicles.
Fibre Optic Systems Ltd is a fibre optics company supplying optical fibres for a variety of uses.
Fruit Promotional Products is an advertising company which provides a range of promotional items for businesses.
G M G Palletts provides various industrial storage solutions such as pallets and crates.
G P Catering Equipment Manufacturers is a provider of catering equipment for a variety of different occasions.
Geldards Coach Hire Services is a coach hire company offering a variety of different sized coaches for rental.
Geldards Coaches Ltd is a vehicle repair company offering a range of repair, fitting and maintenance services for various vehicles.
H Morrell is a building company which undertakes a range of building and construction tasks.
H R Fire & Safety Ltd is a supplier of various types of firefighting equipment and clothing.
Harrison Thompson & Co Ltd is a company providing a range of guttering services including installation and cleaning.
Hydraulic Transmission Services Ltd is a supplier of various hydraulic equipment and devices for a range of industrial uses.
I Dynamics is a software company which develops a range of software for various applications.
Ian Hanley is a garage offering repairs, fitting and other auto services.
J J Brooke is a used car dealership which buys and sells a range of second-hand vehicles.
JKB Plant (Leeds) Ltd is a construction company specialising in groundwork and excavation work on both domestic and site premises.
Leeds Calor Centre is a gas supplier offering various types of gas for different uses.
Leeds Reclaimed Flooring is a timber supplier offering a range of wood for construction purposes.
M C B Exchange is an accountancy firm offering advice on tax and other financial matters.
Mabur Chemicals Ltd is a cleaning company supplying a variety of cleaning materials and equipment.
Markel (UK) Ltd is an insurance company offering a range of different types of insurance.
Maude Bros (Contractors) Ltd is a waste disposal company which deals with a variety of waste materials.
MC Machines is a firm of engineering consultants offering a variety of engineering solutions.
McHugh Demolition Ltd is a firm offering a variety of demolition and dismantling services in the construction sector.
Moss Motors is a vehicle repair company offering a range of repair, fitting and maintenance services for various vehicles.
Motorzone is a used car dealership which buys and sells a range of second-hand vehicles.
Mr Mistry is an off licence selling a variety of alcoholic and other drinks.
New Farnley News is a newsagent selling magazines, newpapers and various household supplies.
Northern Cam Co Ltd is precision engineering firm which produces a range of products in different fields.
Northern Sink Supplies Ltd is a kitchen company offering a range of kitchen furniture and accessories.
Old English Timbers is a flooring specialist providing a range of floors and fitting services.
Orinoco Ltd is a manufacturer of seals and joints for use in joinery work.
Pizza Top is a take away food shop which offers a range of food and drinks.
Polestar Petty Ltd is retailer of computer peripherals including printers.
Power Parking Ltd is a parking company which offers a range of parking options in various car parks.
Prospect Garage is a garage providing various auto services such as servicing and MOT testing.
R S B Autos is a garage which provides various repairs and maintenance services for cars and other vehicles.
Reg Vardy (Leeds) is a car dealer which buys and sells a variety of vehicles.
Ringways Garage (Leeds) Ltd is a car dealer which buys and sells a variety of vehicles.
Ron Smith is a turfing company which supplies and lays a range of garden turf.
S J Monie is a car dealer which buys and sells a variety of vehicles.
Screentone (Leeds) Ltd is a printing company specialising in creating serigraphs through the silk screen process.
Silverhall Ltd is a marketing consultancy offering a variety of marketing solutions for businesses.
Sofa Express is a furniture store selling a wide range of furniture for different types of room.
Sound Control is a musical instrument shop offering a range of instruments and sheet music.
Splinters is a kitchen company offering a range of kitchen furniture and accessories.
Styrin is a used car dealership which buys and sells a range of second-hand vehicles.
The Lettershop Group is retailer of computer peripherals including printers.
Thistle Hotels is a hotel booking agency offering a variety of accommodation in different locations.
TLSTIP Vehicle Rental is a trailer hire company with a range of different types of trailer available to lease.
Tremark Associates is a debt collection company offering a range of debt recovery services.
Tucker & Tunstalls Ltd is a roofing company offering a range of roofing solutions for different types of building.
Tykel Ltd is a metal business that specialises in sheet metalwork.
United Garage is a vehicle repair company offering a range of repair, fitting and maintenance services for various vehicles.
Venicrest Building & Posting Services Ltd is a consultancy firm specialising in advertising and marketing solutions.
Weathermaster Garden Buildings Ltd is a provider of portable and prefab buildings, which are available for a number of uses including on building sites.
Weston Communications is a telecoms company.
Whitehall Rd Car Centre is a used car dealership which buys and sells a range of second-hand vehicles.
William G Search Ltd has a range of plant machinery available for hire and leasing.
Woodcock Hotel is a pub where people can enjoy a range of drinks and food.
Wright & Shields is a garage offering a range of auto services and parts.
Yorkshire Refinish Supplies is a retailer of a wide range of accessories for cars and other vehicles.
Find out what people are saying about places on Whitehall Road.
Map showing Whitehall Road in Leeds.


text:
package interfaces_test

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"github.com/joaodias/hugito-app/interfaces"
	"github.com/joaodias/hugito-app/interfaces/mocks"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"testing"
)

var (
	mux                *http.ServeMux
	testServer         *httptest.Server
	oauthConfiguration *oauth2.Config
)

func setupExternalAuthenticationServer() {
	mux = http.NewServeMux()
	testServer = httptest.NewServer(mux)
	oauthConfiguration = &oauth2.Config{
		ClientID:     "CLIENT_ID",
		ClientSecret: "CLIENT_SECRET",
		Endpoint: oauth2.Endpoint{
			TokenURL: testServer.URL,
		},
	}
}

func TestAuthWebOptions(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("OPTIONS", "/auth", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{}
	webHandler.AuthWebOptions(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "*", recorder.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin"))
	assert.Equal(t, "OPTIONS, POST", recorder.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Methods"))
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=UTF-8", recorder.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
	assert.Equal(t, "access-control-allow-origin, content-type,  access-control-allow-headers, access-control-allow-methods", recorder.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Headers"))
}

func TestContentWebOptions(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("OPTIONS", "/auth", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{}
	webHandler.ContentWebOptions(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "*", recorder.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin"))
	assert.Equal(t, "OPTIONS, POST, GET, PUT, DELETE", recorder.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Methods"))
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=UTF-8", recorder.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
	assert.Equal(t, "access-control-allow-origin, content-type,  access-control-allow-headers, access-control-allow-methods", recorder.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Headers"))
}

func TestWebAuthenticateFailBadRequestNoBody(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/auth", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.Authenticate(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebAuthenticateFailMalformedJSON(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"state": 1234,
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/auth", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.Authenticate(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebAuthenticationFailWhenDifferentStates(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"state":         "state",
		"code":          "code",
		"receivedState": "receivedState",
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/content", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.Authenticate(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusNotAcceptable)
}

func TestWebAuthenticationFailWhenCantGetToken(t *testing.T) {
	setupExternalAuthenticationServer()
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"state":         "state",
		"code":          "code",
		"receivedState": "state",
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/content", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mux.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		http.Error(w, "Unnable to exchange token.", http.StatusBadRequest)
	})
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		OauthConfiguration: oauthConfiguration,
		Logger:             &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.Authenticate(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusInternalServerError)
}

func TestWebAuthenticateSuccess(t *testing.T) {
	setupExternalAuthenticationServer()
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"state":         "state",
		"code":          "code",
		"receivedState": "state",
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/content", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mux.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		w.Write([]byte("accessToken"))
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
	})
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		OauthConfiguration: oauthConfiguration,
		Logger:             &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.Authenticate(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusOK)
}

func TestWebReadUserFailBadRequest(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/user", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ReadUser(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebReadUserFailWhenReading(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/user?accessToken=1234", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockUserInteractor := &mocks.UserInteractor{
		IsReadError: true,
		IsNewError:  false,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		UserInteractor:     mockUserInteractor,
		OauthConfiguration: &oauth2.Config{},
		Logger:             &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ReadUser(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusInternalServerError)
	assert.True(t, mockUserInteractor.IsReadCalled)
	assert.False(t, mockUserInteractor.IsNewCalled)
}

func TestWebReadUserFailWhenCreatingNewUser(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/user?accessToken=1234", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockUserInteractor := &mocks.UserInteractor{
		IsReadError: false,
		IsNewError:  true,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		UserInteractor:     mockUserInteractor,
		OauthConfiguration: &oauth2.Config{},
		Logger:             &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ReadUser(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusInternalServerError)
	assert.True(t, mockUserInteractor.IsReadCalled)
	assert.True(t, mockUserInteractor.IsNewCalled)
}

func TestWebReadUserSuccess(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/user?accessToken=1234", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockUserInteractor := &mocks.UserInteractor{
		IsReadError: false,
		IsNewError:  false,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		UserInteractor:     mockUserInteractor,
		OauthConfiguration: &oauth2.Config{},
		Logger:             &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ReadUser(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusOK)
	assert.True(t, mockUserInteractor.IsReadCalled)
	assert.True(t, mockUserInteractor.IsNewCalled)
}

func TestWebValidateRepositoryFailBadRequest(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/repository", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ValidateRepository(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebValidateRepositoryFailWhenValidating(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/repository?name=name&projectBranch=branch&publicBranch=pb&accessToken=at", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockRepositoryInteractor := &mocks.RepositoryInteractor{
		IsValidateError: true,
		IsNewError:      false,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		RepositoryInteractor: mockRepositoryInteractor,
		Logger:               &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ValidateRepository(recorder, request)
	assert.True(t, mockRepositoryInteractor.IsValidateCalled)
	assert.False(t, mockRepositoryInteractor.IsNewCalled)
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, recorder.Code)
}

func TestWebValidateRepositorySuccessWhenInvalidRepository(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/repository?name=name&projectBranch=branch&publicBranch=pb&accessToken=at", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockRepositoryInteractor := &mocks.RepositoryInteractor{
		IsValidRepository: false,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		RepositoryInteractor: mockRepositoryInteractor,
		Logger:               &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ValidateRepository(recorder, request)
	assert.True(t, mockRepositoryInteractor.IsValidateCalled)
	assert.False(t, mockRepositoryInteractor.IsNewCalled)
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, recorder.Code)
}

func TestWebValidateRepositoryFailWhenStoringValidated(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/repository?name=name&projectBranch=branch&publicBranch=pb&accessToken=at", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockRepositoryInteractor := &mocks.RepositoryInteractor{
		IsValidateError:   false,
		IsNewError:        true,
		IsValidRepository: true,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		RepositoryInteractor: mockRepositoryInteractor,
		Logger:               &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ValidateRepository(recorder, request)
	assert.True(t, mockRepositoryInteractor.IsValidateCalled)
	assert.True(t, mockRepositoryInteractor.IsNewCalled)
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, recorder.Code)
}

func TestWebValidateRepositorySuccessWhenValidRepository(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/repository?name=name&projectBranch=branch&publicBranch=pb&accessToken=at", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockRepositoryInteractor := &mocks.RepositoryInteractor{
		IsValidRepository: true,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		RepositoryInteractor: mockRepositoryInteractor,
		Logger:               &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ValidateRepository(recorder, request)
	assert.True(t, mockRepositoryInteractor.IsValidateCalled)
	assert.True(t, mockRepositoryInteractor.IsNewCalled)
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
}

func TestWebReadContentFailBadRequest(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/content", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ReadContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebReadContentFailWhenReadingContent(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/content?path=path&title=title&repositoryName=rn&projectBranch=branch&accessToken=accessToken", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockContentInteractor := &mocks.ContentInteractor{
		IsFindError: true,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		ContentInteractor: mockContentInteractor,
		Logger:            &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ReadContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusInternalServerError)
	assert.True(t, mockContentInteractor.FindCalled)
}

func TestWebReadContentSuccess(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/content?path=path&title=title&repositoryName=rn&projectBranch=branch&accessToken=accessToken", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockContentInteractor := &mocks.ContentInteractor{}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		ContentInteractor: mockContentInteractor,
		Logger:            &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ReadContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusOK)
	assert.True(t, mockContentInteractor.FindCalled)
}

func TestWebListContentTitlesFailBadRequest(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/content", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ListContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebListContentTitlesFailWhenUnnableToListContent(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/content?accessToken=at&projectBranch=pb&repositoryName=rn&path=path", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockContentInteractor := &mocks.ContentInteractor{
		IsListError: true,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		OauthConfiguration: &oauth2.Config{},
		ContentInteractor:  mockContentInteractor,
		Logger:             &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ListContent(recorder, request)
	assert.True(t, mockContentInteractor.ListCalled)
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, recorder.Code)
}

func TestWebListContentTitlesSuccess(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/content?accessToken=at&projectBranch=pb&repositoryName=rn&path=path", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockContentInteractor := &mocks.ContentInteractor{}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		OauthConfiguration: &oauth2.Config{},
		ContentInteractor:  mockContentInteractor,
		Logger:             &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.ListContent(recorder, request)
	assert.True(t, mockContentInteractor.ListCalled)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusOK)
}

func TestWebCreateContentFailBadRequestNoBody(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/content", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.CreateContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebCreateContentFailMalformedJSON(t *testing.T) {
	// Repository name should be a string. This should trigger a json decoding error.
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"repositoryName": 1234,
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/content", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.CreateContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebCreateContentFailCreatingContent(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"repositoryName": "repositoryName",
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/content", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockContentInteractor := &mocks.ContentInteractor{
		IsNewError: true,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		ContentInteractor: mockContentInteractor,
		Logger:            &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.CreateContent(recorder, request)
	assert.True(t, mockContentInteractor.NewCalled)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusInternalServerError)
}

func TestWebCreateContentSuccess(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"repositoryName": "repositoryName",
		"projectBranch":  "projectBranch",
		"title":          "title",
		"path":           "path",
		"body":           "body",
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/content", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockContentInteractor := &mocks.ContentInteractor{}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		ContentInteractor: mockContentInteractor,
		Logger:            &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.CreateContent(recorder, request)
	assert.True(t, mockContentInteractor.NewCalled)
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, recorder.Code)
}

func TestWebSaveContentFailBadRequestNoBody(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", "/content", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.SaveContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebSaveContentFailMalformedJSON(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"repositoryName": 1234,
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", "/content", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.SaveContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebSaveContentFailWhenUpdatingContent(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"repositoryName": "repositoryName",
		"projectBranch":  "projectBranch",
		"title":          "title",
		"path":           "path",
		"body":           "body",
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", "/content", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockContentInteractor := &mocks.ContentInteractor{
		IsUpdateError: true,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		ContentInteractor: mockContentInteractor,
		Logger:            &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.SaveContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusInternalServerError)
}

func TestWebSaveContentSuccess(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"repositoryName": "repositoryName",
		"projectBranch":  "projectBranch",
		"title":          "title",
		"path":           "path",
		"body":           "body",
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/content", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockContentInteractor := &mocks.ContentInteractor{}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		ContentInteractor: mockContentInteractor,
		Logger:            &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.SaveContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusOK)
}

func TestWebRemoveContentFailBadRequestNoBody(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", "/content", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.RemoveContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebRemoveContentFailMalformedJSON(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"repositoryName": 1234,
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", "/content", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.RemoveContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebRemoveContentFailRemovingContent(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"id": "id",
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", "/content", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockContentInteractor := &mocks.ContentInteractor{
		IsRemoveError: true,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		ContentInteractor: mockContentInteractor,
		Logger:            &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.RemoveContent(recorder, request)
	assert.True(t, mockContentInteractor.RemoveCalled)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusInternalServerError)
}

func TestWebRemoveContentSuccess(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"id": "id",
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", "/content", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockContentInteractor := &mocks.ContentInteractor{}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		ContentInteractor: mockContentInteractor,
		Logger:            &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.RemoveContent(recorder, request)
	assert.True(t, mockContentInteractor.RemoveCalled)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusOK)
}

func TestWebPublishContentFailBadRequestNoBody(t *testing.T) {
	request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/content/publish", nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.PublishContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebPublishContentFailMalformedJSON(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"repositoryName": 1234,
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", "/content/publish", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		Logger: &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.PublishContent(recorder, request)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
}

func TestWebPublishContentFailPublishingContent(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"id": "id",
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/content/publish", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockContentInteractor := &mocks.ContentInteractor{
		IsPublishError: true,
	}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		ContentInteractor: mockContentInteractor,
		Logger:            &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.PublishContent(recorder, request)
	assert.True(t, mockContentInteractor.PublishCalled)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusInternalServerError)
}

func TestWebPublishContentSuccess(t *testing.T) {
	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
		"id": "id",
	})
	request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/content/publish", bytes.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error creating request.")
	}
	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
	mockContentInteractor := &mocks.ContentInteractor{}
	webHandler := &interfaces.WebHandler{
		ContentInteractor: mockContentInteractor,
		Logger:            &mocks.Logger{},
	}
	webHandler.PublishContent(recorder, request)
	assert.True(t, mockContentInteractor.PublishCalled)
	assert.Equal(t, recorder.Code, http.StatusOK)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


1 Thank you for joining us here at our inaugural FinTech Awards prize presentation ceremony.
2 Let me begin by thanking the participating teams, as well as the international cast of judges who helped evaluate the entries, for their time and inspiring work.
3 This evening, we are honouring winners from two competitions organised as part of the inaugural Singapore FinTech Festival: the Global FinTech Hackcelerator and the FinTech Awards.
The Global FinTech Hackcelerator attracted a total of 655 submissions from more than 50 countries. They produced solutions to address some of the 100 problem statements that the financial sector had put out.
The FinTech Awards recognises innovative FinTech solutions that have actually been implemented by financial sector players and technology companies. We received 210 entries, running the gamut from cyber security to payments.
4 We celebrate the winning entries this evening. But equally, we are celebrating the spirit of innovation that each of the participants in these competitions demonstrated.
They represent the passion to make things better, to create value for firms in a way that gives customers value, and ultimately, to find innovative ways to improve everyday life.
That is the FinTech spirit.
5 These last four days of the FinTech Festival, there has been much discussion about technology, regulation, infrastructure, markets, funding.
people developing deep skills, skills relevant to the market, and a keenness to learn continuously.
7 That's at the heart of what it takes for us to sustain and grow the FinTech movement - the entrepreneurial desire to find new ways, even disruptive ways, and the deep skills and continuous learning that we need to power innovation.
MAS will provide strong support for 'proof of concept' trials. We will fund 50% of the costs, up to a maximum of S$200,000 per project, for Singapore-based trials of promising FinTech ideas. The grant scheme is aimed at ideas that can benefit not just an individual financial institution or start-up, but the financial system at large, in Singapore or abroad.
i) SPRING Singapore will provide Singaporean start-ups grants matching S$7 for every S$3 raised, up to a cap of S$50,000.
ii) The National Research Foundation will co-invest, together with a technology incubator, up to 85% of an investment into a Singapore-based start-up.
9 Not all of us can be entrepreneurs. But we all have to build the skills and expertise necessary to power the digital economy. The financial sector in particular has to build new capabilities.
10 We are often caught up in speculation as to which jobs technology will destroy and what kinds of new jobs it will create. The likelihood is that many jobs will remain but most jobs will be transformed, requiring new skills and capabilities to make the most of new technologies.
11 In the financial sector, there is already growing need for skills in data analytics, in digital and mobile user interfaces, and in application development, in addition to core finance skills.
Take for example bank relationship managers who provide wealth management advisory services.
They are unlikely to be completely replaced by robo-advisers.
But relationship managers will increasingly use data analytics tools to analyse client profiles and offer better, customised financial solutions.
12 We are working to build up the skills and competencies in needed in the new world of finance, starting with the curriculum in our tertiary educational institutions, work placement programmes, and extending through to mid-career retraining and life-long learning.
13 First, getting our students to be ready for FinTech.
14 MAS is working with the five local polytechnics to review and enhance their curricula, for example to develop skillsets in agile software development, mobile application development, cloud application deployment, and data analytics.
15 We are also working with the polytechnics to increase the number of FinTech internships and joint projects with the FinTech community so that students can apply their skills and gain hands-on experience.
In October, we embarked on the "PolyFinTech 100" initiative to secure 100 FinTech mentors and 100 FinTech internships for 2017. I am pleased to announce that we have secured these targets in the short span of a month.
More than 2,500 students in the banking and IT-related courses in the polytechnics each year are expected to benefit from these initiatives.
Next year, we will launch the MAS Tech Talks, a series of talks by FinTech professionals to share about their experiences in the industry. This will give students to better understand job opportunities available in FinTech and define their career aspirations.
The Financial IT Academy (FITA) is delivering a digital transformation programme for mid-careers that includes topics such as data analytics and agile development, to deliver software faster and with high quality.
The Institute of Banking and Finance (IBF) will be offering new learning modules on a set of core capabilities covering data science, human-centric design, agile thinking, and cyber-risk awareness.
To develop the cyber security talent pool in Singapore, the Info-comm & Media Development Authority (IMDA) and the Cyber Security Agency (CSA) have introduced the Cyber Security Associates and Technologists (CSAT) Programme1.
The University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School will also be launching a new executive education programme in Singapore focused on financial innovation.
i) Called the Wharton FinTech Innovation Program for Financial Institutions, it is expected to launch in the second quarter of next year.
ii) The Program aims to expose senior managers in incumbent financial institutions to current topics in FinTech.
iii) Participants will learn to how to grapple with disruptive trends, and drive change and innovation across their organisations to compete in the FinTech space.
We also want to ensure that professionals trained in ICT skills have good placement outcomes in the financial sector. We are doing this through the recently-formed Finance Committee of the Technology Skills Accelerator, or TeSA, programme.
i) TeSA aims to identify specific ICT skills in demand and work with training providers to meet these demands.
ii) For example, the US-based Byte Academy has recently set up in Singapore, and has come on board IMDA's Tech Immersion and Placement Programme (TIPP). Byte will offer a series of intensive courses on FinTech and data science to 'convert' non-ICT professionals to meet the software and programming needs of the industry.
18 I encourage all companies, both start-ups and incumbents, and individuals, to tap on these initiatives and invest in the skills of the future.
19 We cannot talk about expertise without talking about learning. And learning, unlearning and re-learning is what the game is about in the economy that we are creating together.
20 We need to learn more about the things we do not know, and to constantly update our knowledge in familiar areas. In every job, from the CEOs to the fresh entrant from school.
21 We never know where our learning journey will take us, but it usually takes us somewhere better.
Take for example Vernon Heng, 32. After university, he worked overseas in a variety of fields, including construction, sales and marketing and supply chain.
When he decided to return home to Singapore and explore new career options, his brother, a user experience (UX) designer, encouraged him to consider the field.
He enrolled in a UX course at General Assembly under IMDA's TIP Programme, and found himself enjoying every step of the process.
Today, he is a UX designer at the Decision Science Agency and is also developing an app to help youths discover their talents and passions by picking up new skills through their peers.
22 I would like to offer once again my heartfelt congratulations to tonight's winners, and my best wishes to all participants of both the Awards and the Hackcelerator. Let's continue our journey together.
1 CSAT provides co-funding to organisations who wish to send their staff for specialised cyber security training in areas such as threat intelligence analysis and digital forensics investigation.


20 20 AMA PRA Category 1.
12 Patient Safety and/or Risk Management.
2 Child Abuse Recognition and Reporting.
The Pennsylvania State Board of Medicine requires 100 CME hours every 2 years. Of these hours, a minimum of 20 must be AMA PRA Category 1, a minimum of 12 must be on the subjects of patient safety and/or risk management, and a minimum of 2 must be on the subject of child abuse recognition and reporting. The remaining credits may be completed through any combination of Category 1 or Category 2 activities. Credits on the subjects of office management or practice building will not be accepted.
12 Category 1 or Category 2 on Patient Safety and/or Risk Management.
The Pennsylvania State Board of Osteopathic Medicine requires 100 CME hours every 2 years. Of these hours, a minimum of 20 must be AOA Category 1-A activities, a minimum of 12 hours must be Category 1 or Category 2 activities on the subject of patient safety and risk management. A minimum of 2 hours of board-approved education in child abuse recognition and reporting requirements (Category 1 or Category 2). A minimum of 2 hours of continuing education in pain management, the identification of addiction, or the practices of prescribing or dispensing of opioids (Category 1 or Category 2). The remaining credits may be completed through any combination of Category 1 or Category 2 activities.


text:
Sloužili dva kamarádi ( – Služili dva tovarišča, možno přeložit také "Sloužili dva soudruzi") je sovětský válečný film z roku 1968 natočený Jevgenijem Karelovem podle scénáře Julija Dunského a Valerije Frida.

Děj
Děj je zasazen do bojů o Krym v závěrečné fázi Ruské občanské války v roce 1920, kdy se zbytky bělogvardějské armády brání na Krymu pod vedením Pjotra Wrangela. Hlavními hrdiny filmu jsou dva vojáci Rudé armády, Andrej Někrasov hraný Olegem Jankovským a Ivan Trofimovič Karjakin hraný Rolanem Bykovem. Zatímco Někrasov je bývalý fotograf s nevhodným třídním původem a unavený válčením, Karjakin je nadšený, byť degradovaný voják. Když se rudoarmějcům podaří ukořistit kameru Debrie Parvo, rozhodne se plukovník (hraný Anatolijem Papanovem) použít ji pro letecké snímkování nepřátelské obrany na Perekopské šíji. Úkol zadá Někrasovovi, jehož doprovází a hlídá politicky spolehlivý Karjakin. Letoun je ovšem po dokončení snímkování nucen nouzově přistát, pilot zahyne a Někrasov s Karjakinem padnou do rukou machnovců. Nakonec se jim podaří dostat se zpět ke svým (a prokázat, že nejsou špioni), nicméně se ukáže, že film je nepoužitelný. Někrasov je podezírán Karjakinem ze sabotáže, ale prokáže svou loajalitu nakreslením plánu opevnění po paměti – jím nakreslené plány se shodují s informacemi od dezertérů.

V druhé dějové linii sleduje film dění na druhé straně fronty: Poručík Alexandr Nikitič Brusencov hraný Vladimirem Vysockým se účastní marné obrany Krymu. Při pobytu v Sevastopolu omylem zastřelí kamaráda a odmítne se vzdát svého koně, proto je poslán ze Sevastopolu na frontu do opevnění na Perekopské šíji. Rudoarmějci ovšem opevnění obejdou přes Syvaš a obrana se hroutí. Brusencov v rámci ústupu zastřelí Někrasova a vrátí se do Sevastopolu, odkud se zbytky armády evakuují pryč. Před evakuací se ještě stihne oženit se zdravotní sestrou Sašou (hraje ji Ija Savvinová), nicméně nakonec se sám zastřelí.

Obsazení

Reference

Filmy z roku 1968
Sovětské válečné filmy
Filmy studia Mosfilm
Sovětské černobílé filmy
Filmy Jevgenije Karelova
Filmy o ruské občanské válce

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Q: Android emulator - dummy emulator-5554 and AVD ... is already running I've been trying to run this down for two days now and I am absolutely stumped.
Running on Windows 10.
Project builds fine.
I hit run, select Nexus 5x API 28 virtual device, the emulator boots, and the Nexus 5X runs without the app.
Run 'app' again and now my deployment options are a dummy Emulator-5554[Offline] and the Nexus. Selecting the Nexus gets me the "AVD Nexus_5X_API_28 is already running. If this is not the case..." error.
Selecting the unwelcomed Emulator-5554 returns an "error launching app" from Android Studio.
So here's what I've tried:

*

*Deleting the Nexus 5x files -- all of them.

*Installing a Pixel 2 instead -- problem is the same.

*Cold booting Nexus 5x -- no effect.

*ADB kill-server.

*ADB start-server.

*Tracing 5554 to the qemu-system-etc.exe application and killing it.

*Deleting local/android/sdk, and reinstalling Android Studio without saved settings.

*Different phones and different APIs.

*Switching on Developer Mode on the Nexus 5x.

The next step is formatting the hard drive and scorching the earth around it.
Has anyone seen this before?
Edit:
adb -s emulator-5554 emu kill

removes the emulator-5554  and closes android emulator.

A: Solved this by building multiple instances of the emulator I wanted. The first instance sort of "plugs" the emulator 5554 hole. Then it's business as usual.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
« Saleha Imekraz de Tipaza | Accueil | Les "Trois exils juifs d'Algérie" »
L'autoroute Est-Ouest
World's Largest Highway Construction Project
Due for completion in 2010, Algeria's $11.2 billion East-West Highway development is the world's largest current highway construction project.
The development, financed by the Algerian Government, will extend 1,216km and ensure the link between Annaba in the north-east and Tlemcen in the north-west – passing directly through 24 provinces and linking Algeria to Tunisia and Morocco. The highway is a landmark infrastructure investment for Algeria that will meet transport needs, improve road safety and help create a profitable new socio-economic region capable of attracting investments.
The largest project is the $5bn Eastern section of the Highway, which will be a 399km, six-lane motorway that includes 190 bridges and viaducts and five tunnels. This section is being delivered by COJAAL, a joint venture comprising five of Japan's largest companies: Kajima and Taisei, Japan's two largest contractors; general contractors Hazama and Nishimatsu; and trading house Itochu.
1 216 Kilomètres à 2 fois 3 voies
Algeria Claims Largest Public Works Project
With an expected completion date in 2010, Algeria's $11.2 billion East-West Highway is the largest public works project in the world.
Its cost will be covered by Algerian oil revenues, a major source of income, part of which is funding the North African country's current $60 billion economic development program.
Begun in 2005, the six-lane highway will stretch 756 mi. (1,216 km) between Algeria's borders with Morocco and Tunisia and will eventually connect Algiers, Constantine, Oran, Annaba, Tlemcen and Setif.
he route of the highway will take it across half of the country's 48 wilayas (provinces). With approximately a dozen tunnels, 70 viaducts, and 60 interchanges, as well as numerous truck stops, service stations and maintenance facilities, it will link airports and ports as well as the two borders and the cities mentioned.
The massive project is expected to generate more than 100,000 jobs, not only during construction but also for provision of maintenance and service industries connected with the highway after its completion. Among the latter will be toll collection, previously unknown in Algeria.
About the Highway
The East-West Highway will be built in three phases and is intended to ease chronic congestion caused by the movement of goods, which represent 85 to 90 percent of vehicular traffic on Algerian roads. Once completed, travel between major centers will be much faster, whereas at present, for example, it takes approximately eight hours to journey from Oran to Algiers.
In addition, the new highway will provide better access to the northern part of the country and is expected to stimulate economic development. It also will form part of the 4,349 mi. (7,000 km) Autoroute Transmaghrébine that will eventually link five North African countries.
International groups and more than 60 companies from Japan, Germany, China, France, Portugal, Italy and the United States submitted 15 bids for the project, a prime example of multi-national competition and ultimately cooperation.
The contract for construction of the 105 mi. (169 km) central and 223 mi. (359 km) western sections at a cost of $451 million was won by a Chinese consortium, based in Hong Kong and made up of China Rail Construction Corporation (CRCC) and China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC).
While Chinese construction workers have been increasingly evident in Algiers for the past couple of years, according to the People's Daily, this highway is the largest Chinese foreign venture to date.
Dessau-Soprin Inc., based in Montreal, Quebec, will cooperate with Autoroutes du Sud de la France (South of France Highways or ASF) in assisting Algeria's Angence Nationale des Autoroutes (National Highways Agency or ANA) with project management. Tecsult Inc., also headquartered in Montreal, was responsible for the design of a 62 mi. (100 km) stretch of the highway.
Satellite-Aided
Control of Equipment
The highway's 248-mi. (399 km) eastern section will cost more than $5 billion to construct. This stretch is being built by Hong Kong based COJAAL (Japanese Consortium for Algerian Highways), made up of five construction companies headquartered in Tokyo — Kajima Corporation, Nishimatsu Construction Company, Itochu Corporation, Hazama Corporation and Taisei Corporation.
Topcon Positioning Systems Inc., (TPS), based in Livermore, Calif., had its surveying and machine control instruments chosen for this section of the highway. The company has supplied 50 measurement systems equipped with AT-G2 levels and DT-207L theodolites as well as close to 100 3D control systems for use on graders, pavers, trenchers and dozers being used on the job.
Along with the optical measuring systems, TPS also received the largest order in industry history for three dimensional satellite machine control systems for the project. In addition, the company is providing training and support for this equipment, with a supervisor on-site during construction and other employees either temporarily based in Algeria or on call to support either task as needed.
Approximately 80 percent of the construction equipment in use on the project was manufactured by Caterpillar. The other 20 percent is Komatsu equipment.
"Three dimensional satellite-based machine control utilizes navigation signals transmitted from the United States GPS and Russian GLONASS navigation systems to calculate a precise position on the earth," said Jason Killpack, Topcon senior product marketing manager.
"These systems are used for manual measurement as well as for full hydraulic machine automation and when integrated into an off-highway construction machine are capable of automatically controlling the hydraulically driven cutting blades and surfaces of the equipment. Design, elevation, position and cross slope data are all calculated in real time and automatically adjusted on the machine."
Advantages for Construction
Adoption of this technology is vastly more productive in real terms for the project and the contractor performing the work, in contrast to more traditional measurement methods, such as manual grade staking and stringline guidance. This type of system can be installed on most off-highway construction equipment such as motorgraders, dozers, excavators, trimmers, curb machines, asphalt and concrete paving machines as well as profilers.
According to Murray Lodge, director of construction sales of Topcon Positioning Systems, the company's GNSS+ 3D machine control system "provides 72 universal channels that can be configured to simultaneously track up to 36 different satellites." This information is received not only from American and Russian satellites but also from Galileo, the emerging European Union system.
GNSS measurement systems use satellite signals to calculate their position on the earth. Such coverage is vital for control of machinery working in conditions with minimal sky view, as is experienced in the mountainous terrain of Algeria.
"By using a process called differential correction the system can determine very accurately where it is to within a centimeter or so," Killpack said. "Differential correction depends on a stationary base receiver transmitting its position to a rover [antenna] mounted in a machine in real time for machine control. It also can by handled by a grade checker for additional measurement and verification.
"Our system compares positions calculated from the satellite systems to the design file that was generated by the engineer for the project," he continued. "The DTM or digital terrain model is created directly from the original plans for the project, and once in digital form, it is portable from machine to machine with the use of an off-the-shelf compact flash card or USB memory stick.
"With the actual position of the cutting edges of the machine known to the software, the system can make automatic adjustments to the cutting surfaces of the machine in real time, updating their position up to 20 times a second."
Automatic control of the cutting edge provides immediate implementation of the design grade, even for more complicated sloping or curving areas. Its use avoids time that might otherwise be spent making multiple passes over the same stretch of highway, meaning less fuel is needed to complete the job, and also reduces the need for grade checkers and layout crews. In addition, job safety is enhanced, with operator fatigue reduced and fewer employees in the work zone.
Monument to the Highway
Such is its importance to the country that a monument to its construction, representing a stretch of roadway rising into the sky beyond a cutout of an overpass, has been erected at a point where the provinces of Milla and Constantine meet. Commissioned by COJAAL, the monument inscription records that on April 16, 2007, Algerian President Abdel Aziz Bouteflika "established the first stone for the realization of the East-West Motorway".
By Mary Reed
Des stations-service pas comme les autres
Un cahier des charges, définissant les conditions d'exploitation des aires de service et de repos prévues dans le couloir de la future autoroute est-ouest, est en cours de préparation, alors que le choix des opérateurs éligibles à l'exploitation des ces aires se fera par voie d'appels d'offres.
Elles seront au moins 60 aires au total, selon les recommandations d'une étude présentée avant-hier à l'occasion d'une journée d'étude dédiée aux aires de service du dit projet autoroutier, tenue en présence du ministre des Travaux publics, Amar Ghoul, de celui de l'Energie et des Mines, Chakib Khelil, et du ministre délégué auprès du ministre de la Défense nationale, Abdelmalek Guenaïzia.
Selon cette étude, réalisée par un bureau français, ces espaces, conçus avec le double objectif d'assurer la sécurité et le confort nécessaires aux usagers de l'autoroute, doivent comprendre notamment des stations-service, des unités mobiles de gendarmes et de protection civile. Ils doivent également comprendre un centre d'appel d'assistance en cas d'urgences, des restaurants et cafétérias, des lieux de prière, des parkings et des aires de repos.
La mise en place de ces aires doit couvrir une longueur variant entre 25 et 80 km en fonction du rôle de chacun des équipements préconisés, précise la même étude. A titre d'exemple, la distance entre deux stations-service est de 80 km, celle séparant deux unités de gendarmes et de protection civile est de 45 km, alors que les aires de repos ont une longueur de couverture de 25 km, a recommandé l'étude.
Dans une déclaration à l'ouverture des travaux, Ghoul a mis l'accent sur l'importance d'une «distribution intelligente» de ces aires avec une signalisation adéquate et dans le respect des normes internationales. La gestion et l'exploitation de ces espaces pourraient générer jusqu'à 300.000 emplois directs et indirects, a assuré le ministre. Concernant le péage de l'autoroute, Ghoul a affirmé que le prix a été dores et déjà fixé par les pouvoirs publics en assurant, une nouvelle fois, qu'il serait «symbolique» et abordable par tous les utilisateurs. Néanmoins, a-t-il ajouté, «le temps n'est pas encore opportun de divulguer ce prix».
Ghoul a annoncé, en outre, la création d'une radio destinée aux usagers de la future structure routière. Cette radio, opérationnelle avec la livraison du projet autoroutier, devrait assurer des services d'information, d'orientation et de loisirs aux utilisateurs. Quant aux travaux de réalisation des différentes aires de service prévues dans le cadre de ce projet, le ministre a affirmé qu'»ils sont pris en charge par les pouvoirs publics».
De son côté, Chakib Khelil a rappelé la disponibilité de son secteur et son rôle d'accompagnateur aux différentes étapes du projet de cette autoroute notamment à travers l'approvisionnement d'agrégats et le renforcement du réseau de stations-service géré par l'Entreprise de distribution des produits pétroliers (Naftal). A cet effet, le directeur de commercialisation de cette dernière, Abdelhamid Mezidi, a précisé à la presse, en marge de la journée d'étude, que cette entreprise s'est fixée comme objectif de rénover 322 stations-service d'ici 2009 dont une dizaine déjà opérationnelles et 54 autres en cours de travaux. Le coût total de cette opération est évalué à quelque 900 millions de dinars, selon Mezidi qui a souligné que toutes ces stations répondent aux normes internationales en matière de sécurité. Un important nombre de ces stations se trouve sur le couloir du projet autoroutier, a-t-il assuré sans préciser leur nombre exact.
Rédigé le 08/05/2008 à 21:28 dans Divers | Lien permanent