Use a table banner to market your business inside or outside! Use at trade shows, open houses, seminars or any event to help you stand out. Whatever you want to say, we can design it. Let us know what you need and we can create a customized banner specific to your event.


This section of our website is dedicated to helping you market your business and merchandise your products effectively, and best of all: It's free!
We have used terms (marked in bold) to try to get you to remember them as a though trigger, rather than having to remember the whole document.
MARKETING - The definition - Part of a business that controls the way that goods and services are sold, it creates a customer perception.
1. Selling – A verbal Communication.
2. Promotion – To heighten awareness or to add value.
3. Merchandising – to visually display the product itself, triggering purchasing.
4. Advertising – Use of a medium such as poster, newspaper, TV etc.
5. Public relations – Use of the free press to enhance sales – e.g. editorial.
6. Word of Mouth – Getting your customer base to advertise for you.
Customer Perception – How your customer sees you.
Ensuring that your customer understands your offer is of prime importance. Mixed messages are detrimental to gaining more sales. If we display one item on a pedestal with its own spotlight and don't add a price, the customer perception would perhaps be: this product is an expensive item. On the other hand, if we take the same product and display it in abundance in a retailers 'dump bin' the customer perception would probably be; a value product. Even colour makes a difference, red is found on mass market brands, e.g. K.F.C, McDonalds, Woolworth's, Tesco etc, whereas green is found in the logos of Marks and Spencer, Body Shop, Harrods etc. The product sold in these businesses is more exclusive and slightly higher in price, but still representing value for money. Your marketing should be based on achieving 'customer perception' as the intended perception. A cake shop with one cake displayed in the window obviously has stale cakes! 'it must have been there a long time', no-one wants this one, is the perception.
If your business looks closed from the outside, then customer perception would be exactly that, and they will bypass you even though you may be open.
Think about your business……………your customer will!
How you communicate to your customers is vital to the success of your business, the message you want to give should be clear, and non ambiguous, the medium you use is as important as the messenger itself. A broken 'A' board or sign is a negative message, it demonstrates that you don't care!
o Style and context affect our customer perception of message content.
o Ready-made events show a level professionalism and a corporate image whereas a carefully events board looks individual, informal, and authentic.
o Printed boards using handwriting style fonts communicate a personal customer message, and can be mass produced.
There are hundreds of businesses up and down the country who are offering their customers empty promises, Demonstrated by an empty message board, an empty poster frame, a lack of Menus or even an under stocked fridge etc. Positive communications are essential for business growth.
o Services have to be performed and experienced – empty promises don't form part of a 'service' as a feeling.
o Un-priced menus or goods discourage impulse purchases - many customers won't ask the price and tend to assume the worst, tell them what they need to know, a price displayed is a 'trigger to action'.
o Over elaborate signage, or chalkboards themselves can render the message irrelevant and an irritating distraction, communicate, don't decorate.
o Simplicity, clarity and relevance. The enemies are therefore:-complexity, confusion and ambiguity, steer away from these!
o Effective chalkboards, posters and displays are like good jokes, pretty pointless if the customer does not get the point immediately.
o Complex gaudy chalkboards may be attractive as a decoration – but they are an inefficient communication and potentially distracting. (Use the "KISS" principle) Keep It Simple Stupid!
Eye Level is Buy Level - When you go to a supermarket you can notice that the high profit earning products are always placed on the upper shelves, because retailers know customers don't readily view the lower shelves. They don't like to reach for things out of arms length. Make sure your key products can be seen and if possible touched. We can take some lessons from the successful market trader; they place products in customer's hands to get them 'involved' with their products. Human behaviour is a study all on its own, but, here are a few tips that may help you.
o People seldom look above their heads – particularly when shopping, it's even the same in a bar or a restaurant.
o High level notices, chalkboards and signs are useful only as long range communications which means they have to be kept simple.
o Display products between eye level and waist level – keep all impulse products (purchased on the spur of the moment) at eye level.
o If you really want to sell a product, involve the customer, put it in their hands, make them use their senses, if it is consumable, let them taste it.
o Always have plenty of stock as this promotes confidence in your customer. Abundant stock sells!
Abundance - Categorised and consolidated key items displayed with volume give high impact because they catch the customer's eye immediately. Substantial gain in sales can be had using quantity displays. They promote both customer confidence and attract the customer's eye. Never let abundant displays, become sparsely stocked through good sales, as when this happens sales will reduce too.
Focus and Consolidate - Grouping "like" products together strengthens the customers focus. Chunks of information are easily digested and powerfully merchandise. Chunks of 'like' products together, in a prominent position can influence the entire buying experience for your customer. Don't mix categories unless there is a 'cross merchandising' opportunity.
o Sparse fiddly arrangements of products are visually weak, unconvincing and sell very little.
o Focus and consolidation applies to chalkboards, signs and notices as well as products when advertising forthcoming events or promotions for example: - consolidate you message in a prominent position where customers congregate e.g. around the bar, at the checkout etc, now they will be noticed.
o INTRODUCTION STAGE – When a product or service is new. Merchandise it heavily to get the product or service to grow.
o GROWTH STAGE - If a new product is successful it will become accepted and popular with your customers, and enter the growth phase, these products should be merchandised regularly to maintain customer awareness and continue growth to the next stage – maturity.
o DECLINE STAGE - Once demand for a product starts to decline, you must merchandise your products to establish whether the customer doesn't want your product or whether you have decreased your sales by not merchandising it enough. After merchandising you will know the answer. If your customer no longer requires the product as regularly as before, promote it to clear stocks. If sales are restored through merchandising, then you should treat the product as if it has returned to the growth stage.
o Merchandise a 'coffee mill' with coffee to demonstrate its freshness.
o Display children's clothes on a child manikin, rather than in a sales shelf.
o Use wicker baskets for breads, use iron or pottery for hot food, stainless steel or glass for sandwich fillings or salads and so on.
o Use work implements as props, like a 'pick axe' to merchandise work boots for example.
Sell the Extras: - Meal deals have been left to the likes of McDonalds, but there is great advantage to be had by joining products together as a 'deal'.
o Group complimentary products together (cross merchandise) for example hiking boots and thermos flasks, candles with a lighter and so on.
Simplify to Amplify - Sometimes the merchandising campaign with the most detail and often the most work is not the most effective, it can cause distraction and confusion. Keeping your message simple will have hard hitting results. Avoid mixing unrelated messages as this will confuse. Also beware of contradictory products displayed nearby.
o The best way to get the message across is to keep it simple and BOLD.
o Avoid mixing unrelated messages on the same chalkboard or display.
o Beware of contradictory products nearby when building displays.
o Customers don't have time to interpret lots of different messages, so choose one strong message that's relevant and simple and apply it.
Use Calls to Action - These are short dynamic statements aimed at grabbing the customer's attention and encouraging them to act on what they have just read. For example "Book a holiday today" or "Spoil Yourself".
o Always use empowering verbs, prompting positive action.
o Use words like get, feel, buy, try, indulge, save, have, look etc.
o In a retail setting, you can amplify the message verbally, therefore increasing sensory impact. Statements like, buy two and save.
Ring the Changes - Research shows that posters and point of sale communications loose their impact after 10 days, merchandising is an active verb in itself, meaning that you need to keep doing it.
o Keep the message on posters and chalkboards simple, direct and topical-change them frequently. Rotating different posters between frames can be advantageous, as from the customer's point of view the messages are changing.
If you've got it flaunt it - be brazen with your messages and merchandising, make your establishment stand out from the rest.
o Beware of too much "tack" though; you could cheapen its look.
Human Behaviour- A basic understanding of how customers behave and make choices is invaluable in helping you decide how to display products in your business. The following simple facts should help you with your merchandising decisions.
o Look to the right first.
o Notice products on the right-hand side of where they arrive, sit or stand.
o Place chalkboards, signs, promotional literature etc on the right-hand side of car park entrances (drivers sit on the right).
o Position adverts to the right of food counters or bars.
o Put wine to the right of food ordering points.
Ring the changes. People don't read communications which have been displayed for more than ten days as they are used to seeing them. Change the look and positions of you messages regularly.
Use notice boards, poster frames and banners to promote your festive fun using seasonal decorations, posters and colour to catch your customer's eye.


The NHS – they say savings, we say cuts – let`s call the whole thing off!
It`s difficult for a right-wing government already implementing devastating cuts to libraries, youth services & other areas to sell those same devastating cuts to the public when the area in question is the much-treasured NHS. Therefore the more acceptable term "savings" has been used, sometimes sanitised still further as "efficiency savings".
The term "savings" is designed to imply that no deterioration or elimination of services will result. In early March, the website Liberal Conspiracy reported that BBC journalists had been instructed to use the word savings instead of cuts.
Only a mainstream journalist like Jeffreys could describe a budget as being both "protected" and subject to "big savings" – an astonishing example of what George Orwell called doublethink.
A recent article on the False Economy website also illustrated the different language used when it compared the cuts in the neighbouring county of Worcestershire and noted the language used to describe similar size cuts to both the budgets of Worcestershire County Council (WCC) and the Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust. The WCC used the term cuts while the NHS Trust in its annual report states that it must "deliver over £55m of efficiency savings over the next five years" through a "Cost Improvement Plan".


NetCDF-CF is a community-developed data standard first released in 2003. Originally designed to represent climate and forecast model output encoded in the netCDF binary format, the standard is now widely accepted in the climate, weather, remote-sensing, and other geoscience research communities.
This splinter meeting is an opportunity for the netCDF-CF community to discuss current and future efforts to advance netCDF-CF.


The kingpin was extradited to the United States after his capture in Mexico a year ago.
The lawyer further expounded on that idea during his CBS interview, arguing that it was hard to get around the 'myth of El Chapo'.
Guzman, the former leader of the Sinaloa cartel, has previously escaped Mexican jail cells twice.
Jurors convicted Guzman on all 10 criminal counts.
Even when Guzman was recaptured in 2016 before his extradition to the USA, he was plotting another escape, prosecutor Andrea Goldbarg said in closing arguments. "It is a sentence from which there is no escape and no return", Donoghue told reporters.
No one has broken out of Administrative Maximum Facility (ADX) in Florence, Colorado, since it opened in 1994 to house the most risky inmates in the U.S. prison system.
"I'd be absolutely shocked if he's not sent to the ADX". One former prisoner, in an interview with The Boston Globe, described the lockup as a "high-tech version of hell, created to shut down all sensory perception".
While federal authorities have not said for certain where El Chapo will be housed, he is staring at "a sentence from which there is no escape and no return", said USA attorney Richard Donoghue.
Most inmates at Supermax are given a television, but their only actual view of the outside world is a 4-inch window.


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Digital / Audio / Print Books for a new generation
Dealers & Librarians
Buying From Crossroad Press
Home / Authors / Brian Keene Audio
Brian Keene Audio
BRIAN KEENE is the author of over forty books, mostly in the horror, crime, and dark fantasy genres. His 2003 novel, The Rising, is often credited (along with Robert Kirkman's The Walking Dead comic and Danny Boyle's 28 Days Later film) with inspiring pop culture's current interest in zombies. Keene's novels have been translated into German, Spanish, Polish, Italian, French, Taiwanese, and many more. In addition to his own original work, Keene has written for media properties such as Doctor Who, The X-Files, Hellboy, Masters of the Universe, and Superman.
Several of Keene's novels have been developed for film, including Ghoul, The Ties That Bind, and Fast Zombies Suck. Several more are in-development or under option.
Keene's work has been praised in such diverse places as The New York Times, The History Channel, The Howard Stern Show, CNN.com, Publisher's Weekly, Media Bistro, Fangoria Magazine, and Rue Morgue Magazine. He has won numerous awards and honors, including a World Horror Grand Master award, two Bram Stoker awards, and a recognition from Whiteman A.F.B. (home of the B-2 Stealth Bomber) for his outreach to U.S. troops serving both overseas and abroad. A prolific public speaker, Keene has delivered talks at conventions, college campuses, theaters, and inside Central Intelligence Agency headquarters in Langley, VA.
A Gathering of Crows – Unabridged Audiobook
City of the Dead – Author's Preferred Edition – Unabridged Audiobook
Dark Hollow – Unabridged Audiobooks
Ghost Walk – Unabridged Audiobook
GHOUL – Unabridged Audiobook
Intermusings – A Cabal of Dark Fiction
Last of the Ablatwitches – Unabridged Audiobook
The Complex – Unabridged Audiobook
The Rising Unabridged Audiobook
Select list(s): Crossroad Press David Niall Wilson
Crossroad Press Audio & Digital Books
Welcome to Crossroad Press
Welcome to your one stop source for all things Crossroad Press. As you'll have noticed by now, we've broken our catalog into a series of imprints. This will make it easier for you to find the books you want, and simpler to purchase, download, and enjoy our print and digital content. General non fiction, mainstream fiction, and books not easily classifiable will remain under the Crossroad Press main imprint. In addition, we have added: Macabre Ink for horror and dark fantasy, Gordian Knot Books for Mysteries and Thrillers, Rendezvous Press for Romance, Mystique Press for Science Fiction and Fantasy, Dimension W for Westerns and Weird Westerns, Panta Rei Press for New age and Metaphysical titles, and for younger readers Otherside Press for Teen and YA titles, Wonderstruck Books for Middle Grade Readers and K-Bug Books for first readers and children's picture books. Welcome to Crossroad Press!
© 2021 Crossroad Press

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
'''

  canteen: model adapters
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

  :author: Sam Gammon <sam@keen.io>
  :copyright: (c) Keen IO, 2013
  :license: This software makes use of the MIT Open Source License.
            A copy of this license is included as ``LICENSE.md`` in
            the root of the project.

'''

# module constants
__version__ = (0, 7)  # module version-string
__doc__ = "Contains modules that adapt apptools models to various storage backends."

# abstract adapters
from . import abstract
from .abstract import Mixin
from .abstract import KeyMixin
from .abstract import ModelMixin
from .abstract import ModelAdapter
from .abstract import IndexedModelAdapter

abstract_adapters = [abstract, ModelAdapter, IndexedModelAdapter]

# adapter modules
from . import redis
from . import inmemory
from . import protorpc

modules = [inmemory, protorpc, redis]

# concrete adapters
from .redis import RedisAdapter
from .inmemory import InMemoryAdapter

concrete = [InMemoryAdapter, RedisAdapter]

# builtin mixins
from . import core
from .core import DictMixin
from .core import JSONMixin

builtin_mixins = [DictMixin, JSONMixin]

__adapters__ = tuple(abstract_adapters + modules + concrete + builtin_mixins)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Kosachev: the Federation Council has frozen contacts with the Turkish Parliament
MOSCOW, December 18. /Corr. Sergey Izotov/. The Federation Council has frozen contacts with the Turkish Parliament after the incident with the downed Russian plane. About it on Friday has informed journalists the Chairman of Committee of the upper house of Parliament on international Affairs Konstantin Kosachev.
"Our contacts with colleagues in the Turkish Parliament, which until now was intensive, now frozen," said Kosachev.
Putin about the incident with su-24: some of the Turkish leadership decided to "lick the Americans"
According to the parliamentarian, the Russian senators have approved this decision and do not see "any sense to them (contacts) to defrost as long as the Turkish parliamentarians rather thoughtlessly and categorically defend that position which was occupied by the Turkish President". "In this case in such a dialogue makes no sense", – he said.
The Senator confirmed that at the present time, the parliamentarians "no contact (with Turkish colleagues) no."
Moreover, Kosachev said that doesn't even know his new opponent, who headed the relevant Committee after the parliamentary elections in Turkey. "I "the old" know, but I am with him when he was trying to get at me, chat is gone," – said the Senator.
Previously, the freezing of contacts with the Turkish Parliament at the senior level and announced in the state Duma. "In the foreseeable future the state Duma sees no possibility for contacts at Executive highest parliamentary level between the state Duma and Parliament of Turkey", – said on 7 December, the head of the Duma Committee on international Affairs Alexei Pushkov.
The attack on the Russian su-24M and its consequences
November 24, fighter from the Turkish air force F-16 shot down Russian bomber su-24M, which, according to Ankara, had violated the country's airspace near the border with Syria.
In response, the defense Ministry said the su-24M was in the skies over Syria and crossed the border by the Turkish aircraft. The crew of the downed bomber managed to eject, however, commander Oleg Peshkov was killed by ground fire. Navigator Konstantin Muratina saved the Russian military and taken to a Russian base. During the operation to evacuate the pilots of the su-24M was lost helicopter Mi-8. In the death of a marine-contract employee Alexander Pozynich.
Putin called the attack a Turkish air force aircraft of the Russian Federation, who participated in anti-terrorist operations in Syria and did not pose a threat to Turkey, "the stab in the back" of Russia.
The Russian head of state on 28 November signed a decree on the temporary ban from 1 January 2016 to hire workers from among the citizens of Turkey. With the new year also suspends the agreement with Turkey on visa-free regime. A ban or restriction on the import into Russia of certain goods from Turkey (the list will be determined by the government). In addition, it is not recommended to tour operators to sell trips to Turkey. The government was instructed to strengthen control over the activities of the Turkish road carriers on the territory of Russia in order to ensure security.
PreviousRussia going next week to take the second package of anti-sanctions
NextThe Russian foreign Ministry: the deprivation of the Polish accreditation was a response to the actions of Warsaw
Gleb Fetisov left Alliance and green left politics
Tkachev asked the Cabinet to consider the possible conflict of interest to request Hinstein
Spring: responsibility for kickbacks in public procurement should be maximized
The government will submit the Treaty to the President of the Russian Federation and the United Arab Emirates on legal assistance
Sands: relations with Turkey will become one of the main topics at the meeting of Putin with the press
Deputy foreign Minister of the Russian Federation: the immigration crisis in Europe is close to a humanitarian catastrophe


Miami Heat bounced back from their loss in Game 3 to tie it with San Antonio Spurs, evening the series at 2-2.
The scrutiny towards their performance during Game 3 was what probably led to LeBron's explosive performance, along with two-thirds of the Heat's Big 3. The three seemed to meld together during the game, eventually tossing Spurs with 109-93.
The combined effort of Chris, Wade and James LeBron put 85 points for Heat, quelling cries from critics who said that the trio could not deliver any game like what they did in Game 4.
With James retiring from the court early in the game, Wade and Bosh was more than up for the job and finished what LeBron started. James needed a break to "keep [his] foot on the gas," as Miami was up 86-79.
Wade ended with 32 points, six rebounds and steals while James finished with 33 points 11 rebounds and four assists. It was the third time during this postseason for the duo to earn at least 20 points in their game.
Despite a hamstring injury he suffered from Game 3, Tony Parker managed to scrape 15 points and nine assists for the Spurs. Tim Duncan earned his team with 20.
James was determined to rise again from his devastating performance in Game 3. After grabbing a turnover from Neal and dashing for a layup, he dashed to the post again and sped to the rim, pushing Danny Green along the way. Notwithstanding the miss, James took control of his pace and reminded everyone why he was the league's MVP.


Medicare Paid Out $900 million In False DME Claims - Outsource Management Group, LLC.
Large fraudulent medical billing claims are making the senate the Government Accountability Office antsy. Charles Grassley recently sent a letter to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services with a daunting reality. CMS wasted $900 million dollars in incorrect durable medical equipment in 2004. For the survival of Medicare something has to change. This fraudulent medical billing needs to be taken care of.
Apparently the 2004 incorrect medical billing dealt with orthotics, equipment, and prosthetics. It seems that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services did not keep a closer eye on their National Supplier Clearinghouse. This contractor's job was to check that all of the Medicare suppliers were compliant with the 21 standards set forth. Unfortunately, Grassley found that the clearing house relied heavily on self evaluations and did far too few on-site inspections. It is no wonder medical billing has gotten out of control. Monitoring was not sufficient.
To correct these medical billing mistakes and reimbursement errors, Charles Grassley made five requests. Each of these requests must be received by October 31, 2005. The first request is an explanation of Medicare's policy for ridding of fraudulent medical billing suppliers. Second, he would like a list of all suppliers being investigated from the years 2003 and 2005. This is only for some states. He also wants a written plan for signing quality suppliers. This way medical billing mistakes will not happen in the future. Grassley also requested copies of the National Supplier Clearinghouse evaluation and an investigation on whether or not they have met their end of the contract.
Don't be surprised if your durable medical equipment supplier has an on-site evaluation. This does not necessarily mean that you have questionable medical billing practices. It just means that CMS needs to crack down on everyone's medical billing so they can save millions of dollars.
Are You Submitting Your DME Claims to the Right Region?


text:
Posted on : January 15, 2023 January 15, 2023 By : Charlie Hangley Posted in : Perspectives
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Magnificent villa located in an exclusive gated residential area of La Quinta Golf Resort, set on a south facing plot with heated infinity pool, surrounded by mature gardens. The property is built over three levels offering 5 en-suite bedrooms, plus staff quarters. Features include, garage for two cars, double glazing, under floor heating, fully fitted kitchen with high quality appliances, fabulous living dining area with a large fireplace separated by columns and split level flooring, leading to a spacious terrace, ideal for alfresco entertaining. First floor: one spacious bedroom with ensuite bathroom and coozy chimney. The lower level offers: guest apartment with ensuite bedroom, modern open kitchen, chimney, gym, sauna, Turkish bath and home cinema.
La Quinta Golf Resort is situated in the heart of the Golf Valley, 10 minutes from Puerto Banús and 15 minutes to Marbella with easy access to the toll road. Facilities in the Resort : 3 restaurants, 5* hotel, spa and gym, kids club, 3 golf courses, golf acade.my, golf pro shop, gourmet shop, paddle tennis courts and children's playground.
Our customer service department offers a wide range of services to make your stay in la Quinta as comfortable as possible . customer services department.


Skydiving in Virginia has never been easier! Nestled in historic Fredericksburg, VA we are a convenient skydiving location for those who live in Northern Virginia, Washington DC, central Virginia, Richmond and the Tidewater areas.
Fredericksburg Skydiving Center (FSC) offers a professional staff of experienced instructors who love to introduce people to the world of skydiving in Virginia. All of our instructors hold instructional ratings from the United States Parachute Association. The USPA is the only association in the U.S. that works in conjunction with the FAA to regulate skydiving. FSC is also a Group Member of the USPA. Our pilots all hold FAA commercial pilot certifications with thousands of hours of experience flying skydivers.
Our second location is located in Petersburg, VA. The Virginia Skydiving Center. So, we offer two convenient spots for your skydiving needs in Virginia. Contact us today to make your skydiving reservation!
Click here to learn some fun facts about skydiving!


Develop an app for iOS and Android devices, as an everyday tool that engages and educates consumers, retailers, producers and the industry about everything beef.
With insights in hand, BTI produced a multiplatform app called The Roundup, packed with information on beef cuts, recipes, cooking instructions and videos, beef buying tips, nutrition, food handling and a news section used to communicate events and promotions plus more.
Users are engaged and wanting more content. With the CMS system, the client is able to keep the app relevant with regular updates to recipes, modify content, post news releases and more.


text:
A Nassau-osztályú csatahajók egy dreadnought-mintájú csatahajókból álló hajóosztály volt, mely a Császári Haditengerészet (Kaiserliche Marine) számára épült. Ezek voltak az első ilyen típusú német hadihajók. Gyakran a Dreadnoughtra adott német válaszként említik őket, bár tervezésüknek attól függetlenül láttak hozzá. Az osztály egységei a Nassau, a Rheinland, a Posen és a Westfalen voltak. Mind a négy hajó gerincét 1907 közepén fektették le, és 1910 májusa és szeptembere között fejezték be az építésüket. Az első brit dreadnoughtoknál könnyebbek és szélesebbek voltak. Sebességük két csomóval kisebb volt, mivel vertikálisan elhelyezett háromszoros expanziójú gőzgépek hajtották meg őket, szemben a britek által alkalmazott nagy erejű turbinákkal. Fő fegyverzetük 28 cm-es űrmérete kisebb volt a 305 mm-es brit ellenlábasaikénál.

Szolgálatba állításuk után az I. csatahajóraj II. divízióját alkották. Egységei részt vettek az első világháború számos Északi- és Balti-tengeren végrehajtott hadműveletében. Közülük kettő, a Nassau és a Posen jelen volt az 1915-ös Rigai-öbölben vívott csatában, melynek során harcot vívtak a Szlava orosz pre-dreadnoughttal. A Nassau-osztályú hajók részt vettek az 1916. május 31-én és június 1-én vívott skagerraki csatában, melynek során csak néhány kisebb kaliberű lövedék találta el őket, és az emberveszteségeik is alacsonyak voltak. A háború után az osztály hajóit az antant-hatalmak hadizsákmányként elkobozták és lebontásra eladták őket.

Tervezés

Fejlesztés
A britek 1906-ban vízre bocsátották a csupa nagy ágyúkkal felszerelt csatahajót (all big gun battleship), a Dreadnoughtot, mely az összes addigi csatahajót elavulttá tette és ezzel új fejezetet nyitott az angol-német flottaversenyben. Németországban az 1900-as első flottatörvény kiegészítését 1906-ban fogadták el, még a Dreadnought vízrebocsátása előtt. Tirpitz tengernagy eredetileg hat új pre-dreadnought mintájú régi mintájú csatahajót (sorhajót) és hat új páncélos cirkáló megépítését kívánta elérni egy sor egyéb kisebb hajóé mellett. A forradalmian új Dreadnought vízrebocsátása azt jelentette, hogy minden jövőben épített újabb csatahajó jelentősen nagyobb költségeket emészt fel, mint egy pre-dreadnoughté. A Reichstag ellenállt a haditengerészet költségvetés növelésének és Tirpitznek meg kellett elégednie hat páncélos cirkálóval (melyek közül az egyiket tartalékban tartották volna) és 48 torpedónaszáddal.  Az új csatahajókról így teljesen le kellett mondania. Az új tervezetet 1906. május 19-én elfogadták. Egy héttel a kiegészítés után azonban két 18.000 tonnás csatahajó és egy 15.000 tonnás páncélos cirkáló építéséhez szükséges összeget juttattak a haditengerészetnek. A Vilmos császár-csatorna kiszélesítésére és a nagyobb hajók számára építendő dokkokra is különítettek el összegeket.

A Birodalmi Tengerészeti Hivatalnál (Reichsmarineamt) vita bontakozott ki az új hajók megépítéséről. Tirpitz a Royal Navy dreadnought mintájú csatahajóihoz hasonló egységeket akart építtetni, mert ebben lehetőséget látott Nagy-Britannia azon célkitűzésének áthúzására, miszerint nagyobb flottával kell rendelkeznie, mint az utána következő két haditengerészet flottái együttvéve (two power standard) és ezáltal növelheti Németország súlyát a világpolitikában. Emellett Tirpitz a pénzügyi keretből csatacirkálókat építtetett volna a páncélos cirkálók helyett, megtartva rájuk az utóbbi megjelölést.

A Nassau és a Westfalen volt az első két dreadnought mintájú csatahajó, melyet az 1906-07-es program keretében rendeltek meg a Blücher páncélos cirkálóval együtt. Korabeli német megjelölése a modern csatahajóknak Großlinienschiff (nagysorhajó), a Blücher páncélos cirkálóé Großer Kreuzer (nagycirkáló) volt. A csatahajó (Schlachtschiff) megjelölést csak a világháború után vették át a brit terminológiából, miután a csatavonalba felfejlődött flották összecsapását elavult taktikának minősítették.

Az 1900-ban meghozott flottatörvény második kiegészítését 1908. március 27-én fogadták el. Ebben a haditengerészet költségvetését 1 milliárd aranymárkában határozták meg és a csatahajók szolgálati idejét 25 évről 20-ra csökkentették. Utóbbi rendelkezés miatt a Siegfried- és Oldenburg-osztályú partvédő páncélosokat valamint a Brandenburg-osztályú pre-dreadnoughtokat ki kellett vonni a szolgálatból.
Az 1870-es évek végén szolgálatba állított Sachsen-osztályú kazamatapáncélosokat is le kellett cserélni, mivel már elavultnak számítottak. Ezeket a Nassau-osztály egységeivel szándékoztak pótolni, melynek harmadik és negyedik egységét - a Posent és a Rheinlandot – az 1907-08-as flottaépítési program keretében rendelték meg.

Fő tulajdonságok
A Nassau-osztály hajóinak hossza 146,1 méter, szélessége 26,9 méter, merülése 8,9 méter volt. A hajók hosszúság-szélesség aránya 5,45 volt, ami révén valamelyest tömzsinek számítottak más tengerészetek hasonló hadihajóihoz képest. A nagy szélesség részben a szélesebb hajótestet igénylő négy oldalt elhelyezett lövegtoronynak volt betudható. Vízkiszorításuk normál terhelés mellett 18.873 tonna, maximális terheléssel 20.535 tonna volt. A Nassaut 16 vízzáró rekesszel építették, de a másik hármat már 19-cel. Mind a négy egység dupla fenékkel rendelkezett a hajógerinc hosszának 88%-a mentén. A hajók számos csónakkal rendelkeztek, köztük egy naszáddal (picket boat), 3 dereglyével (barge), 2 bárkával, 2 kutterral és 2 dingivel. A nagy lövegtornyok következtében az osztály egységei nagy metacentrikus magassággal rendelkeztek, ami révén nagyon stabil alapot kellett volna adjanak az ágyúknak, de a kilengési periódusuk pont megegyezett az Északi-tenger hullámzásának ritmusával. Később oldalgerincekkel látták el őket, ami segített mérsékelni ezt a problémát. A kilengésre való hajlamosságuk ellenére a Nassau-osztály egységei könnyen manőverezhetőek voltak és kis fordulókörrel rendelkeztek. A nagy hullámzás csekély sebességveszteséget okozott náluk, de az erős kormányzás következtében a sebesség 70%-kal is csökkenhetett. Ehhez a sebességvesztéshez az utólag felszerelt oldalgerincek is hozzájárultak.

Az osztály egységeit a legújabb tűzvezetési rendszerrel látták el, mely révén a nehéztüzérségével is pontosan tudtak lőni nagy távolságokba is. A felszereléseik között a faanyagot javarészt fémekkel helyettesítették. További előrelépést jelentett a kábelvezetékek és vezetékrendszerek falakon átvezető nyílásainak rendszerszerű kialakítása és modernebb vészhelyzeti berendezések (tűzoltó- valamint ürítő- és elárasztó berendezések) telepítése. Az építési munkálatok kivitelezéséért August Müller felelt.

Meghajtás
A Kaiserliche Marine lassan tért csak át a Parsons turbinák alkalmazására, melyeket a britek már a Dreadnoughtba is beépítettek. Ennek fő oka az volt, hogy Tirpitz és a haditengerészet fejlesztési részlege is ellenezte átvételüket. A fejlesztési részleg 1905-ben ezzel kapcsolatban a következőket jegyezte meg: a turbinák használata a nehéz hadihajókon nem ajánlatos. Az elutasítás fő oka valójában az anyagi megfontolás volt, mivel a turbinák gyártása terén a Parsons monopolhelyzetben volt és minden egyes turbinája után 1 millió márka jogdíjat kért. A német ipar viszont 1910-ig nem állt készen turbinák ipari méretben való gyártására. A Nassau-osztály emiatt már elavultnak számító vertikális elhelyezésű, háromszoros expanziójú gőzgépeket kapott, melyek teljesítményét 18.615 lóerőre becsülték. A hajók három, 5 méter átmérőjű háromszárnyas hajócsavarral rendelkeztek. Tervezett végsebességük 19 csomó volt, de a próbajáratok során 20,2 csomót is elértek 26.244-28.117 LE leadása mellett. Összehasonlításként a Dreadnought gőzturbinái révén 21 csomós végsebesség elérésére volt képes.

Gőzzel 12 darab Schulz-Thornycroft kazán látta el, melyek mindegyike két tűzszekrénnyel rendelkezett, összesen így 24 darabbal. A gépeket három gépházban és hat kazánházban helyezték el. Az oldalsó lövegtornyok és a lőszerraktáraik további három részre osztották a meghajtás berendezéseit, ami tovább növelte a hajó túlélési képességeit. Üzemanyagkészletük 2700 tonna szenet tett ki és később úgy módosították őket, hogy 160 tonna olajat is szállíthassanak, melyet a szénre permeteztek, fokozva annak égését. Az elektromos áramról nyolc turbó-generátor gondoskodott, melyek 225 V mellett 1280 kW teljesítményűek voltak.

Fegyverzet

A vertikálisan elhelyezett expanziós gőzgépek nagy teret foglaltak el, amit lehetett volna lőszerraktárként is hasznosítani. Amennyiben a hajó középvonala mentén helyezték volna el a lövegtornyokat lépcsőzetes elrendezésben, akkor a géptermek miatt a megemelt lövegtornyokat nem tudták volna elegendő lőszermennyiséggel ellátni. Emiatt a tervezők kénytelenek voltak azokat hatszög alakban (hexagonális elrendezésben) elhelyezni. A hajók oldalára két-két lövegtornyot telepítettek, egyet-egyet előre és hátulra mindkét oldalon. Így előre és hátrafele 6-6 löveggel tudott tüzelni, míg egy teljes oldalazó sortüzet 8 löveggel adhatott le. Ez megegyezett a Dreadnought képességeivel, de eléréséhez két löveggel több szükségeltetett. Az elrendezés mögött az a megfontolás is szerepet játszott, hogy a hajók jelentős tüzérségi tartalékkal (Feuerleereserve) rendelkezhessenek. Emellett a német elgondolás szerint a többnyire párás-ködös Északi-tengeren könnyen közelharcra kerülhetett sor a szemben álló flották között, ami miatt a fegyverzet körkörös kialakítását is előnyösnek gondolták, figyelmet szentelve a nagy lövegtornyok süllyeszthetőségének, hogy azok a közelükben elhaladó ellenséges hajókat a vízvonalukon is lőhessék. Emiatt és mert a fő riválisnak tekintett Nagy-Britannia flottája jóval nagyobb számú könnyű egységgel rendelkezett, a német csatahajókat erős másodlagos tüzérséggel is ellátták. Így azok 1-2 brit könnyűcirkálóénak megfelelő plusz tűzerővel hatékonyan védekezhettek ellenük illetve támogathatták a saját rombolók harcát.

Az osztály egységei 12 darab 28 cm űrméretű, 45 kaliberhosszúságú gyorstüzelő ágyúkkal rendelkeztek. A szárnyon lévő lövegtornyok Drh LC/1906 jelzésűek voltak és 160 fokban lehetett őket elforgatni. Az első két hajó középvonal mentén elhelyezett két lövegtornya is ilyen volt, ezeket mindkét irányban 150 fokkal lehetett fordítani. A Posen és a Rheinland középvonal menti lövegtornyai már Drh LC/1907 típusúak voltak, melyek oszloptörzse hosszabb volt, mint az LC/1906-osoké. A Drh LC/1906 tornyokat és a 28 cm-es (L/45) ágyúkat 1907-ben külön az új dreadnoughtokra tervezték. Mindkét verziónál 20 fokkal lehetett megemelni a lövegeket, de az LC/1907-esekét 2 fokkal mélyebbre, -6 helyett -8 fokra is lehetett süllyeszteni. A 28 cm-es ágyúk tűzgyorsasága 3 lövés/perc volt. Az osztály harmadik és negyedik egységénél a kivetőtöltetek fő raktárát a lövedékeké fölött helyezték el. A fő tüzérség lövedékeinek tömege 302 kg volt, melyek kilövéséhez egy selyemzsákba csomagolt 26 kg-os valamint egy rézhüvelyben tárolt 79 kg-os kivetőtöltetet használtak fel. Az ágyúk a lövedékeket 855 m/s sebességgel lőtték ki és maximális lőtávolságuk 20.500 méter volt. 12.000 méter távolságból a 28 cm-es lövedékek a 200 mm vastag övpáncélzatot is át tudták ütni.

A hajó másodlagos tüzérsége 12 darab 15 cm-es (L/45) gyorstüzelő ágyúból állt, melyeket a hajó két oldalán kazamatákban helyeztek el. Előre és hátra is 80 fokkal lehetett fordítani őket. Lövedékeik 45,3 kg-osak voltak és torkolati sebességük 835 m/s volt. 19 fokos emelkedésük 14.950 méteres maximális lőtávolságot tett lehetővé. Rendelkeztek továbbá 16 darab 8,8 cm-es (L/45) tengerészeti ágyúval is, melyeket szintén kazamatákban helyeztek el. Ezek lövedéke 22 fontos volt és 650 m/s volt a torkolati sebességük. 25 fokos maximális emelkedés mellett 9,600 m volt a lőtávolságuk. 1915 után két ilyen löveget hasonló kaliberű légvédelmi ágyúra (Flak) cseréltek és 1916-17-ben a többi kazamatában lévő 8,8-as ágyút is kiszerelték. Ezek a légvédelmi ágyúk valamivel könnyebb, 21,2 fontos lövedékeket lőttek ki 765 m/s torkolati sebességgel. A lövegeket 45 fokos szögig lehetett megemelni és 11,800 m távolságban lévő célpontokat is el lehetett velük érni. A Nassau-osztály hajói rendelkeztek továbbá hat 45 cm-es víz alatti torpedóvető csővel is. Egyet-egyet a hajó orrában és tatjában helyezték el, kettőt-kettőt pedig a hajó oldalában, a torpedórekeszek végeinél.

Páncélzat

A páncélzat kialakításánál nagy figyelmet szenteltek a már akkor is nagy romboló erővel bíró torpedók elleni védelemnek. Ezek kivédésére egy teljesen újfajta védelmi rendszert dolgoztak ki, melyet a későbbi csatahajó-osztályoknál is alkalmaztak. A hajó külső borításának vastagsága 12 mm volt, ami mögött egy több méter széles üres tér (äußerer Wallgang – kb. "külső járat") volt. Ez a kialakítás el tudta nyelni a robbanási energia egy jelentős részét. Emögött a rész mögött egy újabb normálvastagságú vízzáró válaszfal (Wallgangschott) volt, mögötte pedig egy újabb tér (innerer Wallgang - "belső járat"), mely szén- és olajraktárként szolgált. Ez a rész további energiákat nyelt el és gondoskodott páncélozott torpedóválaszfalakat érő terhelés egyenletes elosztásáról. A Nassau-osztály esetében ennek vastagsága 20 mm volt. E kialakítás révén a német csatahajók szélessége nagyobb volt, mint más haditengerészetek csatahajói esetében, viszont sokkal jobban bírták a torpedó- illetve aknatalálatokat.

A Nassau-osztály hajóit Krupp-féle cementált páncélzattal látták el. A páncélöv vastagsága 30 cm-es volt a hajó közepén a létfontosságú berendezések mentén, a kevésbé védett helyeken pedig csak 8 cm-es volt (hajóorr, tatrész). A páncélöv mögött volt a már említett 3 cm vastag válaszfal is volt. A négy oldalsó torony és barbettáik miatt némileg komplikált volt a torpedórekeszek kialakítása. A fedélzetüket 5,5-8 cm vastag páncéllemezek védték. Az elülső parancsnoki torony teteje 8 cm, oldalai 40 cm vastag páncéllemezekből állt. A hátulsó parancsnoki tornyot jóval gyengébb páncélzat védte: felül 5 cm, oldalt 20 cm vastag. A fő tüzérség lövegtornyainak tetején a páncélzat 9 cm, oldalain 28 cm vastag volt. A másodlagos tüzérség kazamatáinak páncélzata 18 cm vastag volt és a lövegpajzsaik 8 cm-esek voltak. A hajókat ellátták torpedók elleni hálókkal is, de ezeket a skagerraki csata tapasztalatai után 1916-ban eltávolították, mivel a hajók oldalát ért találatok nyomán azok a vízbe esve a hajócsavarokra tekeredhettek.

Építés
Az osztály négy hajóját rendelték meg Ersatz Bayern, Ersatz Sachsen, Ersatz Württemberg, és Ersatz Baden átmeneti megjelöléssel a régebbi Sachsen-osztályú páncélosok leváltására. Az első egység, a Nassau gerincét 1907. július 22-én fektették le a Kaiserliche Werftnél Wilhelmshavenben, 1908. március 7-én bocsátották vízre és 1909. október 1-én adták át a haditengerészetnek. A Westfalent nem egész egy hónappal később, 1907. augusztus 12-én kezdték el építeni az AG Wesernél Brémában, vízrebocsátására 1908. július 1-én, átadására 1909. november 16-án került sor.

Az osztály harmadik hajójának, a Rheinlandnak a gerincét fektették le elsőként 1907. június 1-én az AG Vulcan Stettinben lévő hajógyárában, de az építése lassabban zajlott és így csak 1908. szeptember 26-án került sor a vízrebocsátására. A Rheinland 1910. április 30-án csatlakozott a flottához. Az utolsóként megépített Posent a kieli Germaniawerft építette meg. Gerince lefektetésére 1907. június 11-én, vízrebocsátására 1908. december 12-én került sor és 1910. május 31-én került a flotta állományába.

 Az osztály egységei

Szolgálatban

A Nassau-osztály hajói a német Nyílt-tengeri Flotta (Hochseeflotte) kötelékében egy egységként tevékenykedtek: az I. csatahajóraj (Geschwader I) I. divízióját (Division I) alkották. A világháború során számos hadműveletben részt vettek az Északi-tengeren, köztük az 1916. május 31-ei hadműveletben is, mely a skagerraki csatához vezetett. A hajók a Balti-tengeren kevesebb hadműveletben vettek részt, ezek közül a legjelentősebb a Rigai-öbölben vívott és megszakított csata volt.

Rigai-öböl

1915 augusztusában a német flotta kísérletet tett a Rigai-öböl megtisztítására, hogy ezzel megkönnyítse Riga elfoglalását. Ehhez a tervek szerint meg kellett semmisíteni vagy el kellett űzni az öbölben tartózkodó orosz hadihajókat, köztük a Szlava pre-dreadnoughtot és számos ágyúnaszádot valamint rombolót, majd pedig az északi részen lévő szorosok elaknásításával meg kellett akadályozni, hogy újra bejuthassanak az öbölbe.

A támadáshoz a négy Nassau-osztályú csatahajó mellett a Helgoland-osztály négy csatahajóját valamint a von der Tann, Moltke és Seydlitz csatacirkálókat helyezték át a Balti-tengerre. A nyolc csatahajónak kellett biztosítania az orosz flottillával harcba bocsátkozó erőket. A támadást a tervezett augusztus 8-ai időpontban nem tudták végrehajtani, mivel az orosz aknamezők megtisztítása túl sok időt vett igénybe és a Deutschland aknarakó nem tudta megközelíteni az aknák telepítésére kijelölt pozíciót.

Augusztus 16-án újabb próbálkozást tettek az öbölbe való behatolásra: a Nassau és a Posen, négy könnyűcirkáló és 31 romboló betört az öbölbe.
A támadás első napján a német T46 jelű aknaszedő és a V 99 romboló elsüllyedt. Augusztus 17-én a Nassau és a Posen tűzpárbajt vívott a Szlavával és miután három találatot elértek rajta az orosz csatahajó visszavonult. Három nap alatt az orosz aknamezőket megtisztították és augusztus 19-én a német kötelék behatolhatott az öbölbe, azonban az antant tengeralattjáróinak jelenlétéről érkező információk másnap visszavonulásra késztették őket.

Skagerrak

Az osztály egységei részt vettek a skagerraki csatában (1916. május 31.-június 1.). Az összecsapás nagy részében az I. csatahajóraj a német csatavonal közepén helyezkedett el, Paul Behncke ellentengernagy III. csathajóraja mögött és Franz Mauve ellentengernagy pre-dreadnoughtokból álló II. csatahajóraja előtt haladva. A divíziót vezető Walter Engelhardt ellentengernagy zászlóshajójaként a Posen szolgált.

Éjfél körül a Nassau harcérintkezésbe került a brit a Spitfire rombolóval és megpróbálta legázolni azt.  A Spitfire igyekezett kitérni előle, de nem volt hozzá elég gyors és a két hajó összeütközött.  A Nassau az elülső 28 cm-es ágyúival tüzet nyitott a rombolóra, de azokat nem lehetett a kellő szögben süllyeszteni ahhoz, hogy eltalálják az ilyen közel lévő kis célpontot. A torkolattűz légnyomása azonban így is súlyos károkat okozott a rombolóban, elpusztítva annak parancsnoki hídját. Ekkor a Spitfire el tudott válni a Nassautól egy 6 méteres páncéllemezt leszakítva róla. Az ütközés következtében az egyik 15 cm-es ágyú használhatatlanná vált és vízvonal felett egy 3,5 méteres rés keletkezett, ami miatt a sérülés kijavításáig 15 csomóra kellett mérsékelni a sebességét.

Ugyanekkor a Posen véletlenül neki ütközött az Elbing könnyűcirkálónak és léket ütött rajta a vízvonal alatt. A betörő víz elöntötte a géptermét és emiatt mozgásképtelenné vált. A kapitánya elsüllyesztette az Elbinget, hogy az ne kerülhessen a britek kezére. Röviddel 01:00 után a Nassau és a Thüringen voltak az első csatahajók, melyek tüzet nyitottak az eltévedt és a német csatavonalba besorolni igyekvő Black Prince páncélos cirkálóra. A Thüringen nyitott elsőként tüzet és fő tüzérségével 27, másodlagos tüzérségével 24 találatot ért el rajta. A Nassau és az Ostfriesland, majd pedig a Friedrich der Große is csatlakozott hozzá hamarosan. Erre egy német szemtanú így emlékezett vissza:

A hajó roncsa közvetlenül a Nassau előtt volt és elkerüléséhez élesen a III. csatahajóraj irányába kellett manővereznie. Teljes hátramenetre kellett váltania, hogy a Kaiserin csatahajóval elkerülje az ütközést. Emiatt kiesett a csatavonalban elfoglalt helyéről és a Hessen és a Hannover régi csatahajók (sorhajók) közé tudott besorolni.

A német vizekre való visszatérés után a Nassau, a Posen, és a Westfalen a Helgoland-osztály két egységével (Helgoland és Thüringen) a Jade torkolatánál vett fel védelmi állást éjszakára. A Nassau-osztályú hajókat a csata során csak néhány kisebb kaliberű találat érte: a Nassau két találatot szenvedett el, a Westfalen és a Rheinland egyet-egyet, míg a Posen teljesen sértetlenül került ki a küzdelemből.

Későbbi hadműveletek

Skagerrak után nem egész két hónappal a Hochseeflotte 1916. augusztus 19-ei előretörésekor a Westfalent megtorpedózta az E23 brit tengeralattjáró, de a csatahajót csak csekély károk érték amiket hamar sikerült kijavítani. 1918-ban a Westfalent és a Rheinlandot a Hochseeflotte állományából áthelyezték a Balti-tengerre, hogy segítsék az orosz uralom ellen lázadó finneket. Április 11-én 07:30 körül a Rheinland zátonyra futott az Åland-szigeteknél. Ágyúkat, övpáncélzatot és szenet távolítottak el róla (összesen 6000 tonnát), hogy elég könnyűvé váljon és elszabadulhasson a zátonyról. A mentési munkálatokat július 9-én fejezték be. A Rheinlandot már nem hozták rendbe és ezt követően barakkhajóként szolgált Kielben.

Az első világháború után a König-, a Kaiser- és a Bayern-osztály 11 csatahajóját, mind az 5 csatacirkálót valamint számos könnyűcirkálót és rombolót internáltak Scapa Flow-ban, míg sorsukról nem döntöttek a párizsi béketárgyalásokon.
A Nassau- és Helgoland-osztály csatahajó nem kerültek internálásra és Németországban maradhattak. Miután az internált flotta hajóit a személyzetük elsüllyesztette, e két hajóosztály egységeit is kikérték helyettesítendő az elsüllyesztett hadihajókat. Az osztozkodásban a Nassau Japánhoz került, Nagy-Britannia a Westfalent kapta meg, míg a Posent és a Rheinlandot közvetlenül adták el dordrechti hajóbontóknak. 1920 és 1924 között a Westfalent Birkenheadben, az osztály másik három egységét a hollandiai Dordrechtben bontották le.

Jegyzetek

Fordítás

Irodalom

 Erwin Strohbusch: Kriegsschiffbau seit 1848, Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum, Bremerhaven 1984

Internetes források

Német csatahajók
Csatahajóosztályok

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Save at Smilebox with the following offer: Get Exclusive Benefits When You Create Account at Smilebox. Click to open this deal. You'll be directed to smilebox.com where you can complete your shopping and redeem your discount. No promo code is needed for this promotion.
Would you recommend Smilebox to friends & family?
Smilebox competes in the Greeting Cards & Invitations industry and offers promo codes and coupons for discounts on its website. The company last offered a coupon on April 19, 2019 and currently has 6 active promo codes and coupons on its website. Smilebox may offer additional promotional codes and discount offers on its Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram pages, or via its own homepage.
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" Moved from NYC to Maryland with Capital City and they truly helped make our experience seamless and with the least amount of stress possible. Their competitive pricing, super friendly staff, and expert packers were extremely professional, kind and quick. Nothing got damaged on our trip, which is a miracle, and they did help place our stuff wherever we asked them to in our new location. I also loved the service from the very start, where the owner came over to our home and did the assessment himself. It was the personalized touches that made all the difference; he even checked in with me during the packing day to ensure that everything was going over well. Really appreciated that! Thanks for the recommendation, we are so glad we used you!
" If you need affordable, highly professional, and extremely careful movers; I would recommend only coming to Capital City Movers!!! They were a great experience and made my stressful moving into a picnic how easy it was! P.s. The Guys are also super friendly Thanks again CCM!
" So far, my experience with Capital City Movers has been great! My 2nd time using their services. Mike the representative for interstate moving was knowledgeable and straightforward with the estimate. I also appreciated his calling back to accommodate my short notice move. The movers Alex, John , and Carlos arrived on time and were able to pack and move all my household goods in rapid order. I was impressed with the care taken with fragile and delicate items. Just hoping that the unpacking is as smooth and painless.
" I recently used Capital City Movers (Team 1) and I thought they were terrific. Terrific is a word I would never thought I would use to describe a moving company but these guys were. I am always a nervous wreck when moving and this time was no exception. We were moving from a 3 br to a temporary 2 br and we have a lot of stuff. The team was professional, friendly and efficient the during the entire 2 day project (pack and move). They also helped me unpack a good deal of my items and I was only left with a few boxes to unpack by 4 pm on move day! My home was totally set up by the next morning. They also disposed of a sofa that had to be taken apart to be removed and stayed late at my origin building to do that, even though it wasn not something that was included as part of my quote, they didn not charge me extra. So nice. The prices are very competitive as well. We will be using them for the next move to our permanent residence. Thanks Team 1!
" Used capital city for a recent move within NJ. Very professional from start to finish. Started with Brandon who provided a very competitive quote ( I had quotes from 3 other companies). He took his time to create a thorough inventory list. On the moving date, Sash and his crew were extremely professional and polite all through the 10 hours of loading, moving and unloading. They took great care of the items and did all the hard work with a smile on their faces. Would highly recommend them!! Thanks and good job.
How to declutter your kitchen before moving from NYC?


text:
Q: Anchor tag clicks to differentiate within same onClick Javascript function I have a simple anchor tag as below:
Major
Minor

Within handleClick function, I am performing DML operations that are common for both urls. Then I am trying to differentiate Major/Minor clicks and perform necessary actions and then redirect to respective file. May I know what element I can add to the tag and make the clicks differentiable?

A: You could add an ID to each anchor and then target based off that:

function handleClick(e) {
  e.preventDefault();
  const id = e.target.id;
  if (id === 'major') {
    console.log('Major clicked');
  } else {
    console.log('Minor clicked');
  }
}
Major
Minor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"Erma Bombeck and I must've been siblings! Like a goose at the beginning of each day, everything is brand new and joyful! Oh, we may have to open our eyes a little wider to get the full panoramic view, but hey, it's worth it.
About 60 years ago, I learned it takes far fewer muscles and energy to smile than to frown ...so, why not be "lazy!" Smiling isn't always spontaneous, often we have to allow for a "faux-smile." You know the kind. We aren't always really stuck on the person who just said something to us. Why, we might not have even been listening, but suddenly, it was time to react like we appreciated their titillating remarks. And no, for ultra-conservatives, titillating is not a naughty word... it's sort of like tickling our eardrums without anyone touching 'em.
After age 50, did you ever look into the mirror? I mean really look! Suddenly, a strange-but-familiar face looked back. It was like an inchworm had dipped itself in ink and glided around leaving a trail to mysteriously follow. What the heck! Must've been a frightened inky-inchworm or it could've been just crawling slowly and was affected by one of my bad dreams.
The only lines that I might appreciate staring back at me in that mirror were those that tattle-tailed a (what else) smile! No one would fault that, would they? Guess that reflection made me question just what makes or made me smile?
I could be reacting to what happened just before going to bed. I had locked the front and back door, turned off the last lamp, and there in one of the panes of our French doors was what appeared to be a disconcerting, small red light in the trees just outside our back fence. Well that surely got my attention, even though I don't conject over UFO's. And the even more fascinating occurrence was the red light seemed to move as I moved then suddenly disappear. Well, I was about to awake my husband and then go for the pellet rifle under the bed, when I glanced over at the clock radio. Yep, the mysterious red light was coming from it! Stupid! At any rate, it did confirm I had a creative imagination, plus finding the smallest of situations fascinating. Smile!
I also could have recalled perusing through the refrigerator for a snack for me and our oldest (4 years) great grandson. Nothing interesting there... Flung open the pantry and discovered bag of (of all things) chocolate marshmallows. Couldn't even remember purchasing them, but they really looked appealing. So, we popped 'em in our mouths and darn near threw-up immediately. Some things just look better than they taste! And when I spit mine out, he took his clue and whirled his out with a weeks' worth of saliva with it. Don't you ever wonder how kids store up food in their cheeks like a beaver or squirrel? I mean they tuck several veggies inside their cheeks that they want you to think they're eating, while you applaud and praise. Just another smile option.
And you know what? Just these two memories made me accept the strange-but-familiar reflection in the bathroom mirror. I didn't even consider that inchworm scenario. I just appreciated the smile that came back to me, even without asking!"


text:
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Sort by RelevanceFrom A-ZAuthored onDate/Time RangeRelease date
The Achilles' heel of cancer stem cells
© AG W. Birchmeier, MDC
Press Release No. 57
/ December 21, 2020 /
Colon cancer stem cells have one weak spot: the enzyme Mll1. An MDC team led by Walter Birchmeier has now shown in Nature Communications that blocking this protein prevents the development of new tumors in the body.
Treatment options are very limited – not least because the cancer can return even after successful chemotherapy.
Johanna Grinat Study's lead author
Since colonoscopies were introduced in Germany for early cancer detection, the number of diagnoses of advanced cancer every year has decreased, as precancerous lesions can now be detected and immediately removed as part of the examination. As a result, the death rate from colon cancer has also gone down – by 26 percent in women and 21 percent in men. Nevertheless, it remains the fourth deadliest cancer in the Western world – just behind lung, prostate and breast cancer. This is because the slow-growing tumors only become noticeable in the advanced stages of the disease and are therefore often diagnosed too late. Survival rate for advanced colorectal cancer is just five percent.
"Treatment options are very limited – not least because the cancer can return even after successful chemotherapy," explains Johanna Grinat, the study's lead author and a doctoral student in the Signal Transduction in Development and Cancer Lab. "The recurrent cancer is often more aggressive than the original tumor, which is thought to be caused by cancer stem cells. So we took a closer look at these cells."
Molecular switch found in cancer stem cells
The researchers led by Professor Walter Birchmeier identified Mll1, a protein that regulates stem cell genes in mice and in human colon cancer cells. In mice, the team was able to genetically trigger the formation of intestinal tumors. However, if the mice lacked the gene for Mll1, no tumors were able to be induced. And this seems to be the case in humans as well: Human colon cancer cell cultures that the scientists enriched with cancer stem cells lost some of their stem cell properties and behaved less aggressively when Mll1 was blocked. Together with Professor Eduard Batlle and bioinformaticians at the IRB in Barcelona, the MDC group used clinical data to show that colon cancer patients whose tumors have a large amount of this protein have a worse prognosis than patients with tumors that contain little Mll1.
Expanding cancer stem cells (green) in a colon tumor with an oncogenic activated Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway (red).
Mll1 is an enzyme that sits on the DNA and controls the expression of certain genes "epigenetically," as the researchers say. "It primarily does this in cancer stem cells, where the Wnt signaling pathway is strongly activated," Grinat explains. "This means that, by deactivating it, we can specifically treat cancer stem cells."
With Mll1we have found a molecular switch that primarily controls the self-renewal and division of cancer stem cells in colon cancer.
Julian Heuberger Lead author and head of the study
The Wnt signaling pathway regulates the self-renewal and division of stem cells. If mutations occur that trigger a more active Wnt signaling cascade, the affected stem cells become more resistant than healthy stem cells. They then multiply uncontrollably and form tumors. Although chemotherapy slows down the cell division, it can also increase the selection pressure on cancer stem cells: "They become resistant to the treatment and form new tumors that, due to the mutation, grow more rapidly and are even more aggressive," says Dr. Julian Heuberger. This is why it is so important, he explains, to understand the regulatory mechanisms of cancer stem cells in particular. The postdoctoral researcher is also lead author and head of the study and now works in the Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology in the Medical Department of Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin. "With Mll1," he adds, "we have found a molecular switch that primarily controls the self-renewal and division of cancer stem cells in colon cancer"
Hope and more effective therapies
Genetically "knocking out" a gene, as the scientists did with mice, is not possible in humans. In mice, the formation of cancer stem cells can be followed over time and there are always enough stem cells available for experiments. However, MII1 could be blocked with a chemical drug. Small molecules have already been developed for this research, for example, the inhibitors MI-2 and MM-401, which bind to essential Mll1 complexes and thereby inactivate its function. "Understanding the way these molecules work will enable us to develop and test these and even more clinically effective Mll1 inhibitors," says Birchmeier, who is the study's last author.
We were able to use another system in mice, salivary gland cancer cells, to show that Mll1 only affects cancer cells and not healthy stem cells.
Walter Birchmeier Head of the lab "Signal Transduction in Development and Cancer"
Healthy stem cells in the intestine are apparently not blocked in the process. "We were able to use another system in mice, salivary gland cancer cells, to show that Mll1 only affects cancer cells and not healthy stem cells," says Birchmeier. This also provides hope for the treatment of other types of cancer, as animal models have shown that head and neck tumors have the same Achilles' heel. "On the basis of our mouse studies, clinical trials are currently being conducted at the University Hospital of Düsseldorf to evaluate the use of Mll1 inhibitors in the treatment of head and neck tumors."
If they are successful, patients with colon cancer could be treated in the future with both chemotherapy and Mll1 inhibitors, i.e., therapeutics that specifically impede cancer stem cells. This increases the chances of a successful treatment – even with advanced colon cancer.
Text: Catarina Pietschmann
W. Birchmeier Lab
Signal Transduction in Development and Cancer
On the trail of cancer stem cells
Cutting off kidney cancer at its roots
Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
"Expanding cancer stem cells (green) in a colon tumor with an oncogenic activated Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway (red)". © W. Birchmeier Lab, MDC
Johanna Grinat, Julian Heuberger, Walter Birchmeier et al. (2020): "The epigenetic regulator Mll1 is required for Wnt-driven intestinal tumorigenesis and cancer stemness". Nature Communications, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20222-z
Professor Walter Birchmeier
Head of the Signal Transduction in Development and Cancer Lab
Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)
wbirch@mdc-berlin.de
Dr. Julian Heuberger
Research Associate in the Medical Department, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology
Julian.heuberger@mdc-berlin.de
Christina Anders
Editor, Communications Department
christina.anders@mdc-berlin.de or presse@mdc-berlin.de
The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC)
The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) was founded in Berlin in 1992. It is named for the German-American physicist Max Delbrück, who was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. The MDC's mission is to study molecular mechanisms in order to understand the origins of disease and thus be able to diagnose, prevent and fight it better and more effectively. In these efforts the MDC cooperates with the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH ) as well as with national partners such as the German Center for Cardiovascular Research and numerous international research institutions. More than 1,600 staff and guests from nearly 60 countries work at the MDC, just under 1,300 of them in scientific research. The MDC is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (90 percent) and the State of Berlin (10 percent), and is a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers. www.mdc-berlin.de
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Krebszellen wandern auf Glycoproteinstreifen: Diese Streifen haben ähnliche Eigenschaften wie Gleitschienen und erleichtern die Kontrolle und Untersuchung von Zellbewegungen.
© AG Rädler, LMU
Press Release No. 61 January 18, 2021
Theoretical physicists from Berlin teamed up with experimental physicists from Munich to determine the precise mechanics involved in cell motility. The findings were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
© Campus Berlin-Buch
Science January 15, 2021
Calling all young STEM talent
The 57th edition of the "Jugend forscht" competition will soon kick off under the theme "Lass Zukunft da." The MDC is once again co-sponsoring the search for tomorrow's scientists – this year to be held fully virtual. The young researchers apparently don't mind the new format: almost 9,000 children and young people have signed up for the competition so far.
Dr. Melissa Birol leitet die AG "Molekulare Biophysik in der quantitativen Neurowissenschaft".
© Felix Petermann, MDC
Dancing spaghetti on the brain
In December 2020, biophysicist Melissa Birol joined the MDC as a new junior group leader to investigate the behavior and function of disordered proteins in brain cells.
Anti-CXCR5 CAR-T cells (green) attack lymphoma cells (magenta) within the stroma cell network of the B cell follicle (light blue).
© AG Höpken / Rehm, MDC
A potent weapon against lymphomas
MDC researchers have developed a new approach to CAR T-cell therapy. The team has shown in Nature Communications that the procedure is very effective, especially when it comes to fighting follicular lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the most common type of blood cancer in adults.
13125 Berlin (street address)
13092 Berlin (postal address)
Phone: +49 30 9406-0
MDC - Max Delbrück Center for molecular medicine in the Helmholtz Association"
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text:
Q: Как получить первый и последний день месяца? Проблема со сдвигом временной зоны Мне нужно получать начало и конец месяца в формате YYYY.MM.DD.HH.MM.SS, формат как пример точности времени.
let dateNow = new Date(); //2017-05-15T17:00:37.982Z

let getYear = dateNow.getFullYear(); //2017
let getMonth = dateNow.getMonth(); //4 т.к. месяцы с нуля то все ок

let startDate = new Date(getYear, getMonth, 1);
//2017-04-30T21:00:00.000Z идет сдвиг месяца на -1, число 30 вместо 1, часы 21

let stopDate = new Date(getYear, getMonth, 0, 23, 59, 59);
//2017-04-30T20:59:59.000Z идет сдвиг месяца на -1 часа на -3

Непонятно что с месяцем, почему он стал апрелем и с временем.
Читал про UTC, а как быть если пользователи с разных часовых поясов?

A: может вам подойдет вот это
здесь читаем  - работает ,
а так

var date = new Date(2011, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 567);
console.log( date ); // 1.01.2011, 02:03:04.567

не работает , тоже не понятно
а вот так заработало

var options = {
 year: 'numeric',
 month: 'numeric',
 day: 'numeric',
 timezone: 'UTC'
};
var startDate = new Date(2017, 4, 1);
console.log(startDate.toLocaleString("ru", options));


This is a placeholder page for Katherine Donahue, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Katherine Donahue.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Katherine Donahue. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Katherine Donahue. We created this page automatically in hopes Katherine Donahue would find it. If you are not Katherine Donahue, but are an alumni of Dorchester High School Boston, MA, register on this site for free now.


text:
from datetime import datetime

from django.db import IntegrityError
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _

from tastypie.exceptions import BadRequest

from moocng.mongodb import get_db
from moocng.peerreview import cache
from moocng.peerreview.models import PeerReviewAssignment

def course_get_peer_review_assignments(course):
    return PeerReviewAssignment.objects.from_course(course)

def course_get_visible_peer_review_assignments(user, course):
    return PeerReviewAssignment.objects.visible_from_course(user, course)

def course_has_peer_review_assignments(course):
    result = cache.get_course_has_peer_review_assignments_from_cache(course)
    if result is None:
        assignments = course_get_peer_review_assignments(course)
        result = assignments.count() > 0
        cache.set_course_has_peer_review_assignments_in_cache(course, result)

    return result

def get_peer_review_review_score(review):
    if len(review["criteria"]) == 0:
        return 0
    return (float(sum(c[1] for c in review["criteria"])) /
            len(review["criteria"]))

def kq_get_peer_review_score(kq, author, pra=None):
    """ppr_collection is peer_review_reviews mongo collection

        Return a tuple with (score, scorable)
        * If this kq isn't peer_review type:
            return None
        * If there is no submission:
            return 0
        * If I haven't reviewed enough submissions of other students:
            return 0
        * If nobody reviewed my submission:
            return None
        * If I got enough reviews of my submission and I have reviewed enough
          reviews of other students' submissions:
            rerturn Average
    """

    if not pra:
        try:
            pra = kq.peerreviewassignment
        except PeerReviewAssignment.DoesNotExist:
            return None

    db = get_db()

    prs_collection = db.get_collection("peer_review_submissions")

    submission = prs_collection.find_one({
        "kq": kq.id,
        "author": author.id
    })

    if (not submission or
       submission.get("author_reviews", 0) < pra.minimum_reviewers):
        return 0
    elif submission["reviews"] == 0:
        return None

    ppr_collection = db.get_collection("peer_review_reviews")
    reviews = ppr_collection.find({
        "kq": kq.id,
        "author": author.id
    })
    reviews_count = reviews.count()
    sum_average = 0
    for review in reviews:
        sum_average += float(get_peer_review_review_score(review))

    if(reviews_count > 0):
        return (sum_average / reviews_count) * 2  # * 2 due peer_review range is 1-5
    else:
        return 10

def save_review(kq, reviewer, user_reviewed, criteria, comment):

    parsed_criteria = [[int(a), int(b)] for (a, b) in criteria]

    db = get_db()
    submissions = db.get_collection("peer_review_submissions")
    reviews = db.get_collection("peer_review_reviews")

    submission = submissions.find_one({
        "author": user_reviewed.id,
        "kq": kq.id
    })

    peer_review_review = {
        "submission_id": submission.get("_id"),
        "author": user_reviewed.id,
        "comment": comment,
        "created": datetime.utcnow(),
        "reviewer": reviewer.id,
        "criteria": parsed_criteria,
        "kq": kq.id,
        "unit": kq.unit.id,
        "course": kq.unit.course.id
    }

    review_exists = (reviews.find({
        "submission_id": submission.get("_id"),
        "reviewer": reviewer.id,
    }).count() > 0)

    if review_exists:
        raise IntegrityError("Already exist one review for this submission and"
                             " reviewer")

    reviews.insert(peer_review_review)

    submissions.update({
        "author": user_reviewed.id,
        "kq": kq.id,
    }, {
        "$inc": {
            "reviews": 1,
        },
        "$unset": {
            "assigned_to": 1,
            "assigned_when": 1,
        },
        "$push": {
            "reviewers": reviewer.id,
        }
    })

    submissions.update({
        "author": reviewer.id,
        "kq": kq.id,
    }, {
        "$inc": {
            "author_reviews": 1,
        }
    })

    return peer_review_review

def insert_p2p_if_does_not_exists_or_raise(p2p_submission, submissions=None):
    if submissions is None:
        db = get_db()
        submissions = db.get_collection("peer_review_submissions")
    if submissions.find({'kq': p2p_submission['kq'], 'author': p2p_submission['author']}).count() > 0:
        raise BadRequest(_('You have already sent a submission. Please reload the page'))
    return submissions.insert(p2p_submission)


In late 2016, President Obama signed the 21st Century CURES Act into law. Previously employers had been prohibited from providing employees with funds to purchase individual health insurance policies.
The CURES Act enables small employers with fewer than 50 full-time employees Health Reimbursement Arrangements (HRAs). Employees may use the HRA to pay for qualified out-of-pocket medical expenses, including individual policies purchased through the public exchanges. The CURES Act creates an exemption from ACA group health plan requirements for qualified small employer health reimbursement arrangements (QSHERA).
- Except: Who are in their 90-day waiting period, individuals under 25, individuals covered under collective bar-gaining agreement for health benefits, along with part-time and seasonal workers.
- Except: The CURES Act allows benefits to vary based on age and family-size market variations in the price of an insurance policy.
 Payments and reimbursements must be funded solely by the employer and cannot exceed $4,950 for an individual or $10,000 for a family.
- A statement that if the employee is not covered under minimum essential coverage for any month, the employee may be subject to a tax under Code Section 5000A and reimbursements under the Qualified HRA may become taxable income.
The employer's contribution, while not taxable income to the employee, must be reported on the employee's W-2.
Employees may not be eligible for health insurance subsidies for plans purchased through the exchange during the months they are covered under an employer's QSHERA.
For more information, please contact your SHERRILL MORGAN ac-count manager at 859-291-6600 or 800-291-4222.


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https://www.digitalmeetsculture.net/article/convergence/
Designed to route information between computers, the Internet is evolving into an Internet of services, media and "things" (devices and other "Real World Objects" connected to or tracked via the Internet). In this new Internet, the main interest is no longer on machines but on items of "content". Today, users locate and access content via servers (e.g. search engines) that connect them to the machines where it is physically stored.
CONVERGENCE (started on 1 June 2010 and ended in February 2013) aims at enhancing the Internet with a content-centric, publish-subscribe service model, based on a common container for any kind of digital data, including representations of people and Real World Objects. This common container, named Versatile Digital Item (VDI), is a "package" of digital information with a unique identifier, independent of the machine where the VDI is hosted. VDIs will be designed to handle all possible kinds of digital information, from media to information about services, people and physical objects, independently of the structure or geographical location of the content.
CONVERGENCE covers six areas of research: the definition of such a new fundamental unit of distribution and transaction, the VDI; new networking functionality; a new open source Middleware; a Community Dictionary Service; security and privacy mechanisms; applications, relevant to the needs of real life trials.
The CONVERGENCE architecture will provide scalable mechanisms allowing professional providers and individual users to publish and subscribe to VDIs, maintain access to VDIs when they move from one host to another; search for VDIs, as well as updating and deleting VDIs which have already been published.
CONVERGENCE will allow both professional providers and consumers to define their own policies for authenticating and protecting VDIs and supporting "digital forgetting" (ensuring that VDIs are deleted when they pass a user-defined expiry date).
CONVERGENCE is testing its proposal in two "tracks" dedicated respectively to real-life business scenarios and to network experimentation using large scale facilities. The framework proposed by CONVERGENCE has also been proposed to relevant standardization bodies. Software developed in the project (including middleware and applications) will be made available to the Open Source community.
Further details and the demo can be reached here: http://www.ict-convergence.eu/demodownloads/.
CNIT (Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni)
Department of Electronic Engineering
University of Roma, Tor Vergata - Via del Politecnico, 1 - 00133 Roma, Italy
Tel: +39 067259 7501 - Fax: +39 067259 7435
Prof. Nicola Blefari Melazzi
Project email address: blefari@uniroma2.it
Project website: http://www.ict-convergence.eu/
Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT)
Alinari
CEDEO
Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme (FMSH)
Institute of Communication and Computer Systems (ICCS)
INESC Porto
University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, LMU)
Morpho e-Documents
SingularLogic
UTI Systems
Xiwrite S.r.l.


Carpet is a highly appropriate and effective way to surface floors in a range of commercial settings. Customers often judge the quality of a Hotel, Guest House, Sports Centre, Shops, Doctors or Dentists Surgery and Company Offices by their first impression of the floor covering. Many of our clients lay expensive high quality carpets in areas with a high volume of foot traffic, so it makes sense that not only should they keep their flooring in top condition, but they should also look after it.
We offer a 24 hour service to suit your business, ensuring that you experience minimal disruption and staff down-time, and are able to carry on trading.
Bring your carpets and the area in which they are laid back to life by using us.
These are just a few examples of what you may need our services for; however we pride ourselves on a bespoke service to fit our clients' needs, so each job is looked at individually.
Regular cleaning and maintenance helps prolong the life and improve the appearance of carpets, our trained staff will happily provide advice and tips on how best to care for your flooring, whether it be for a single clean or one of our tailored cleaning maintenance packages.


text:
Penny Stock Trading
Trading Stock Trading
By Gordon Scott, CMT
What Does R Mean?
In securities trading, the letter R has a special meaning when added to the end of a ticker symbol. The letter R has a different meaning when applied as part of financial formula where it usually means some form of return.
On the NASDAQ exchange, R is used as a fifth letter in a company ticker symbol when the security being traded is a rights offering. Rights offerings allow shareholders the opportunity to purchase more shares directly from the company at a special price.
The Letter R at the end of a NASDAQ ticker symbol means the security being quoted is a rights offering.
Rights offerings that are sold by shareholders are traded on the open market.
In financial formulas the letter R designates Returns.
Understanding Uses of R
When added to the end of a ticker symbol, the letter R designates that the shares in question are a rights offering. This is an issue of rights to a company's existing shareholders that entitles them to buy additional shares directly from the company in proportion to their existing holdings within a fixed time period called the subscription period, which typically lasts one to three months. In a rights offering, a subscription price at which each share may be purchased is normally at a discount to the current market price.
Existing shareholders are not obligated to buy additional shares. They may decline to exercise their rights or, if the rights are transferable, they may sell them on the open market. Such securities are quoted on stock exchanges and traded with varying degrees of liquidity depending on the company involved.
Nasdaq-listed securities usually have four or five characters. The ticker symbol by itself has four letters; if a fifth letter appears, it identifies the issue as other than a single issue of common or capital stock. The Nasdaq has a fifth-letter identifier for every letter of the alphabet; for example, "D" denotes a new issue, "F" denotes a foreign issue, and "Q" denotes bankruptcy.
Use of R in Financial Formulas
R is also a common symbol representing "return" in many financial formulas. There are many different types of returns and they are usually denoted with the upper or lower case letter "R," though there is no formal designation. If there are multiple returns used in a calculation, they are often given subscript letters.
In formulas, lower case "r" usually represents the required rate of return. RE is usually expected return. RM is usually the return on the market as a whole. Rf or Rrf is usually the risk-free rate of return. R1, R2, R3, Ri are returns in the first, second, third and -ith period, respectively.
For example, the equation for the Sharpe ratio, a measure of risk-adjusted return, is as follows:
Sr=Rp−Rfσpwhere:Sr=Sharpe RatioRp=Portfolio riskRf=Risk free rateσp=Standard deviation of portfolio\begin{aligned} &\mathit{S}_r = \frac{ \mathit{R}_p - \mathit{R}_f }{ \sigma \mathit{p} } \\ &\textbf{where:}\\ &\mathit{S}_r = \text{Sharpe Ratio} \\ &\mathit{R}_p = \text{Portfolio risk} \\ &\mathit{R}_f = \text{Risk free rate} \\ &\sigma \mathit{p} = \text{Standard deviation of portfolio} \\ \end{aligned}Sr=σpRp−Rfwhere:Sr=Sharpe RatioRp=Portfolio riskRf=Risk free rateσp=Standard deviation of portfolio
In this formula, Sr stands for Sharpe Ratio, Rp stands for Risk of the Portfolio being evaluated, and Rf stands for the Risk Free rate, and σp stands for the standard deviation of the portfolio's excess return above the risk free rate.
Stock Symbol (Ticker)
A stock symbol is a unique series of letters assigned to a security for trading purposes.
Country Risk Premium (CRP)
Country risk premium (CRP) is the additional return or premium demanded by investors to compensate them for the higher risk of investing overseas.
Understanding the Sortino Ratio
The Sortino ratio improves upon the Sharpe ratio by isolating downside volatility from total volatility by dividing excess return by the downside deviation.
Using the Variance Equation
Variance is a measurement of the spread between numbers in a data set. Investors use the variance equation to evaluate a portfolio's asset allocation.
Y is a letter that appears on a stock symbol specifying that a stock is an American Depositary Receipt (ADR), which is a receipt for a foreign share of stock.
Learn What a Good Sharpe Ratio Is
Options Trading Strategy & Education
Understanding How Options Are Priced
What does it mean when a stock symbol has a .PK after it?
A Deeper Look At Alpha
What are the fifth-letter identifiers on the Nasdaq?


Social media means media which can be shared and accessed by a social gathering.
In easy words, social media websites are websites that provide a way for people to communicate their thoughts, images, videos and other things to other people.
Some example of Social media websites are: - Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+, YouTube and so on.
Social media websites are platform of sharing photos, videos and links and there is vero app, which was launched by the Lebanese billionaire businessman Ayman Hariri .If you have used Vero, then you may find it quite similar to the famous social networking site Instagram, but there is a major difference that one will come across if they use it. Unlike Instagram, where you can only post photos, in Vero, apart from posting photos, you can also share URLs as well as post recommendation for TV shows, books as well as movies.
this app allows you to sort the posts in reverse-chronological order, unlike the other apps where it is sorted algorithmically. But, like Instagram, you can also search for the post using the popular hashtags.
When did Social Media head of Peninsula Daily News John brewer leave the organization?
Which are the best tools for creating engaging visuals for blogs & social media?
How do you use social media feed's on your advantage?
What is a good social media strategy for new product development?
Who do I need to develop a social media website that includes front/back end, database, & algorithm?
Can I get insurance for dental if I am unemployed and have applied for social security?
Can you imagine world without facebook? Or other social media?
Do you want to get a brilliant social media presence in a small period of time and minimal efforts?
What is the best medium in social media marketing to get more visitors to my website?
Social media generate website traffic.Is it true?
What are the tips to grow website traffic other than social media?
Is it strange that i'm friends with someone on a few social media sites but not every social media?
How can I devise an online strategy for social media?
Can you identify the advantages of social media for yourself?
Top 3 problems you are facing with today's social media?


text:
Broad-scale conservation is needed alongside site-scale approaches to conserve threatened birds
Amazon River, Brazil, © Earth Sciences & Images Analysis Laboratory, NASA, Johnson Space Center
Conservation at a broad-scale is essential to prevent and reverse declines in relatively abundant and wide-ranging species, but it is important for globally threatened birds, too. While most threatened birds need interventions at particular sites to ensure their survival, a significant minority—around one in five—also require broader scale action. For a small number of highly dispersed threatened species, broad-scale action is the single highest priority.
Proportion of globally threatened bird species requiring different scales of conservation action
Boyd et al. (2008)
Are threatened species best conserved through action focused at the site scale, or at the landscape or seascape scale? Some species are effectively restricted entirely to individual sites, while others are threatened by pressures that can only be tackled through broad-scale policy actions. A recent analysis by Boyd et al. (2008) examined the relative importance of these different approaches. The authors assigned all threatened bird species to one of four categories that best described the highest-priority, short- to medium-term conservation strategy they required. A total of 23% were best conserved at single IBAs, 56% at a network of IBAs, 18% at IBAs in conjunction with action at a broader scale, <1% required broad-scale action alone as their highest priority, and 3% were insufficiently known to determine the appropriate approach.
Hence IBA conservation is a key component of the action needed for 99% of threatened birds, and the highest priority alone for 79%. However, all site-based approaches also have to consider issues in the surrounding areas in the longer term. For some 18% of threatened birds, the need is more urgent: local efforts need to be reinforced with broader-scale action in the short term. Seabirds killed by long-line fishing (e.g. albatrosses), waterbirds affected by hydrological processes across a landscape (e.g. Brazilian Merganser Mergus octosetaceus), and species occurring at low population densities and impacted by hunting (e.g. Blue-throated Macaw Ara glaucogularis) are just three examples. Only a small proportion of threatened species require action primarily at the landscape scale. Examples include Indian Vulture Gyps indicus which is threatened as a result of poisoning by the veterinary drug diclofenac: action is needed at the sub-national and national scale to ensure stocks of the drug are replaced with safe alternatives throughout the species' range.
Related Species
Blue-throated Macaw (Ara glaucogularis)
Brazilian Merganser (Mergus octosetaceus)
Indian Vulture (Gyps indicus)
Boyd, C., Brooks, T. M., Butchart, S. H. M., da Fonseca, G. A. B., Hawkins, A. F. A., Hoffmann, M., Sechrest, W. W., Stuart, S. N., van Dijk, P. P. and Edgar, G. J. (2008) Appropriate scales for threatened species conservation. Conserv. Letters.1: 37–43.
Compiled: 2008
BirdLife International (2008) Broad-scale conservation is needed alongside site-scale approaches to conserve threatened birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 19/01/2020
Key message: To conserve biodiversity, we must conserve the wider environment
A landscape approach to conservation can help tackle climate change
BirdLife Partners are helping Sierra Leone and Liberia create a transboundary reserve
Climate Resilient Altitudinal Gradients (CRAGs) provide a focus for action in East Africa
Conserving key biodiversity sites in the Amazon rainforest
Habitat corridors provide routes for movement between key sites
Maintaining functional links between sites in an ecological network promotes conservation
Managing the matrix of suitable habitat between key sites will aid movement of species
New wetland habitat has been created for Bitterns in the UK
Promoting clean energy solutions
Woodland bird populations in less-isolated patches are less sensitive to extreme winter weather
The flyways concept can help coordinate global efforts to conserve migratory birds
BirdLife is working to mainstream soaring bird conservation along the Rift Valley/Red Sea flyway


text:
package com.smartg.java.util;

public interface IFilter<E> {
    boolean accept(E obj);
}


text:
The RheinMain University of Applied Sciences (German: Hochschule RheinMain), formerly University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden (German: Fachhochschule Wiesbaden),  is a university located in Wiesbaden, Germany, founded in 1971. It is part of the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar, the "Silicon Valley of Europe".

History

The University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden (German: Fachhochschule Wiesbaden) was founded in 1971. On 1 September 2009 it was renamed RheinMain University of Applied Sciences.

The former Geisenheim campus became a separate university in 2013.

Description
RheinMain University of Applied Sciences is part of the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar, the "Silicon Valley of Europe".

Study programs are divided into the following faculties:
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences
Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Faculty of Design – Computer Science – Media
Faculty of Engineering
Wiesbaden Business School

The faculties of Social Sciences, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Design – Computer Science - Media, and the Wiesbaden Business School are located in Wiesbaden. The Faculty of Engineering is situated nearby Rüsselsheim.

As of 2019 more than 14,000 students were studying at RheinMain University of Applied Sciences: About 10,600 in Wiesbaden and about 3,500 in Rüsselsheim. They are enrolled in about 70 different degree programs, including part-time and cooperative, distance learning and master's programs.

In 2011 the university had about 900 employees.

Campuses

The campuses of the RheinMain University of Applied Sciences are located in the Rhein Main area, in the west of Germany.

Wiesbaden

The study location Wiesbaden consists of three campuses.

 Kurt-Schumacher-Ring
At the Kurt-Schumacher-Ring campus the Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering and the Faculty of Applied Social Sciences can be found.

 Bleichstraße/Bertramstraße
The Bleichstraße/Bertramstraße campus is an inner city campus in Wiesbaden. The Wiesbaden Business School is situated there as well as a specialized library.

 Unter den Eichen
The Faculty of Design, Computer Science and Media is situated on this campus.

Rüsselsheim
 Am Brückweg

The Faculty of Engineering is based in Rüsselsheim on the campus Am Brückweg.

Partner institutions
The university has a number of partner universities in many countries, including Australia, China, Korea, Latvia, Mexico and Turkey.

See also

 Fachhochschule
 List of colleges and universities

References

Education in Wiesbaden
Universities and colleges in Hesse

Universities of Applied Sciences in Germany


I competed in Santa Fe last weekend. It was a small competition, but I am glad that I skated two clean programs. It was a great experience with my new coach team.
Beautiful scenery on Highway 25!
Congratulations!! I am so glad that you come back to the competition again. I am looking forward to watching your performance.
Congratulations Vincent! And welcome back! So glad to see you on the ice again. I've been waiting for a long time to see you in the competition again. Hope you everything is fine! And best wishes to you and your new coach team!


I decided to work a half day on New Year's Eve, 2009, and that morning woke up to the first nice winter fog we've had in Houston. I drove by Lake Woodlands, and decided it would be worth stopping for a few minutes to take some pictures. The water was like glass. A few members of the Woodlands Rowing club were out on the water in their skulls working up a sweat. Birds calmly flew around. The quiet during these heavy fogs is amazing. I felt as if I could hear somebody sneeze from a half mile away.