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Phonics Info
About These Readers
WHAT IS PHONICS?
A clear and concise explanation of the term 'phonics' can be found on the Five from Five website:
Phonics has several related meanings – the relationship between speech sounds and their letter symbols, the methods used to teach that relationship, and the process of using letter-sound relationships to sound out (decode) words. https://fivefromfive.com.au/about
As a teaching method, phonics involves explicit and systematic teaching of the relationship between the sounds of spoken language (phonemes) and the letters (graphemes) that represent these sounds. These are often referred to as phoneme/grapheme correspondences, shortened to PGCs. In the readers I use the term sound/letter relationships.
A great deal of recent research has shown that the most effective approach to teaching reading is Systematic Synthetic Phonics (SSP). For relevant publications, see:
https://fivefromfive.com.au/publications
The method is systematic because of the clearly defined sequence in which the sound/letter relationships are taught; it is 'synthetic' because of the focus on synthesis in putting sounds together to make words.
The SSP approach recognizes that, while understanding the relationship between speech sounds and their letter symbols is essential, there are five key components in effective reading: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. I give definitions of these terms under PROCESSES.
In schools that don't use the SSP approach, you may come across the term 'analytic phonics'. See Reading in Schools for more information on this.
This is the activity of recognising the relationship between sounds and letters, and putting the sounds together to read words (blending).
This may sound simple and obvious, but English is not a phonetic language, and so written English is a complex code. While there are only 26 letters in the alphabet, there are around 44 different sounds that have to be represented by those letters. There are around 288 ways of combining letters to represent those 44 sounds. The relationships between sounds and letters have to be explicitly and systematically taught – otherwise learning to read can be a confusing and frustrating experience.
These are readers that introduce sound/letter relationships in a systematic sequence corresponding to the sequence in which they are taught via explicit instruction. The readers provide essential practice at decoding.
Teaching a child – or children – to read is a complex process, but it can be broken up into broad, overlapping components. The components are not sequential in the sense that one is completed before the next one begins. For example, phonemic awareness has to be developed first, but it continues to develop throughout the process of learning to read.
The skills and knowledge that need to be acquired can be divided into the Foundation Code or Initial Code, and the Extended Code.
The Foundation Code
Introducing children to the Foundation Code includes the following components:
This is the understanding that words are made up of sounds, and the ability to recognise those sounds within specific words. It also involves the ability to manipulate those sounds: to join them up to decode words (blending), or to break words down into their component sounds to encode and spell them (segmenting). Although phonemic awareness is the foundational skill, it continues to develop in increasingly complex ways through all the phases of learning to read.
Explicit instruction of phonemic awareness can be done initially without the use of written words. It is very important for the child to be able to hear the individual sounds.
This involves learning the relationships between the sounds of spoken language, and the letters of written language. These relationships are, for the most part, systematic and predictable, and this is where phonics instruction comes in.
Initially, only the sounds represented by the letters are taught, not the names of the letters (as in the ABC). Only the single consonants and short vowel sounds (a as in cat; e as in bed; i as in dig; o as in dog; u as in bug) are introduced at first.
There is an emphasis on keeping the consonant sounds crisp and short (e.g. 'b' not 'buh,' 't' not 'tuh') to make blending of the sounds easier.
The letters are introduced in a specific order, which aims to avoid confusion in terms of the appearance and/or sound of each letter. So, for example, letters are frequently taught in this sequence:
s m t a p i f r
o c d h
e n g l
k u b j
qu z
When children have mastered the first cluster of letters, they can begin to blend the letters to read three-letter words like cat, sat, fit. These are called CVC words (consonant-vowel-consonant). As new sound/letter relationships are learned, more CVC words can be introduced.
After the single-letter sounds, the consonant digraphs (two letters that make one sound) are taught:
ck ll ff ss zz (at the end of words)
sh ch
th ng wh
Making words and writing
With SSP, writing begins early. As children learn to decode words by blending sounds, they learn to spell and write words by segmenting or breaking down the word into sounds.
Reading Connected Text
This involves decoding words in a sequence to read phrases and then sentences. This introduces the challenge of decoding a word, then holding onto its meaning as the subsequent words are decoded. Decodable readers are normally introduced as soon as the child has mastered the first cluster of sound/letter relationships.
In order to be able to read passages of connected text, children need to learn words that have been grouped under a category called High Frequency (HF) Words. HF words are the words that occur most frequently in everyday English, and many of these are 'linking' words that point to or connect other words – words like and, but, a, the, this, he, his. Lists of the 100 most frequently used words also include words like mum, dad, big, run, and so on.
Many HF words can be decoded, and so don't present a problem, but some have irregular spelling, and so can't be decoded in the normal way – for example, the, a, go, to, he, I. Other HF words – like make or home – can only be decoded at a later stage, once the Extended Code has been introduced.
With SSP, the words that cannot be decoded are often referred to as tricky words. These words are introduced gradually, and a lot of practice is necessary to improve fluency in reading connected text.
Reading connected text also introduces a range of new text features to be decoded:
upper case letters (for names and the beginning of sentences)
punctuation, like full stops, exclamation marks, question marks, and the possessive apostrophe (Jane's book)
compound words like hotdog or lipstick
two-syllable words like running, upset
letters that are added on to the end of a word for grammatical reasons, like the plural –s (hats), the –s for the third person singular present (he runs), and the -ed for past tense (she skipped).
Fluency, Comprehension, and Vocabulary
These all become important once connected text is introduced. They evolve slowly, in conjunction with one another, and with extensive practice.
Fluency refers to the ability to read at a reasonable speed, without hesitations, pauses and errors. It is closely related to comprehension.
Reading Comprehension refers to the ability to understand what is being read, and depends on efficient decoding skills and language comprehension.
Vocabulary refers to the range of words that children are able to recognise and use in speaking and writing, and is very important for comprehension.
Detailed explanations of these components of reading, their significance, how they are related, and methods of instruction can be found at:
https://fivefromfive.com.au/five-keys-to-reading
CCVC/CVCC words
Introducing these words – like stem and jump – requires a renewed focus on phonemic awareness. Unlike the digraphs, (e.g. sh, th) in which two consonants represent one sound, here each of the adjacent consonants represents its own sound, and the two sounds have to be blended.
These words are introduced late in the process of teaching the Foundation Code, with more introduced as children learn the Extended Code. CCVCC words, and CCCVC or CVCCC words are introduced gradually as children master the skill of blending adjacent consonants.
The Extended Code
The Extended Code is made up of the more complex sound/letter relationships, where a single sound is represented by two or more letters, for example ee as in sheep, igh as in night. These are called vowel digraphs or trigraphs. There are also more consonant digraphs to learn, for example ph as in phone, kn as in kneel.
By the time the Extended Code is introduced, children have learned the fundamental ways in which sounds relate to letters, and how to blend and segment sounds. The focus now is on the many new letter patterns (graphemes) that have to be learned. The relationships between sounds and letters become more complex, and children learn that the same sound may be represented by many different graphemes – for example the long e sound can be represented by ee, ea, y, ey, ie, ei, e, eo – and that a particular grapheme may represent different sounds – for example, the ie in pie, and the ie in chief.
Phonics with Feeling readers focus on the Extended Code. See Why Phonics with Feeling? for more information on this.
© 2020 - 2021 Phonics With Feeling
Website Deb Carr Digital


Toyota.Me Sell for 90K: Why Shouldn't a Registry Be Liable for Profiting From the Sale of Trademark Infringing Domains?
Toyota.Me Sell for 90K: Why Shouldn't a Registry Be Liable for Profiting From the Sale of Trademark Infringing Domains?
The .ME registry just sold toyota.me for the whopping price of $90,025.
Not only is it the highest price ever paid for a .me it is agoing to be a litigation nightmare for the new owner.
We all expect that Toyota.me will draw a federal lawsuit or a WIPO action in the near future.
If Toyota waits say a year and then files a federal lawsuit against the registrant, they will ask for damages including all money the registrant made from use of the domain.
My question is then, why not sue the registry as well?
I mean the registry is putting $90K in their pocket from the sale of this domain.
The registrant will probably make less than $100 in a year from parking the domain.
So if the trademark holder wants to go after the "deep pockets" as we say in the legal game, that would seem to be the registry.
A couple of weeks a ago a court seemed to indicate that a registrar might be liable for allowing its client to register a large number of trademark infringing domains through an automated registration process. The case Verizon California, Inc. v. Navigation Catalyst Systems, Inc., highlights some of the potential liablity that registrars might face in the future.
I know that the registry response would be something along the lines, that Toyota could have applied for their .me name in the trademark period and by not doing so the domain became available to the general public.
Yet registrants of such trademark names in the past for new extension have lost their domain using the same argument (see the Narmia.mobi case).
So the courts have long held that just because a trademark holder does not take advantage of the trademark period for a new extension and register their domain, does not entitle anyone else to do it.
So again I ask, If the registrants of these trademarked domains are going to get sued, why not the registry?
If I was an attorney for Toyota, i would be suing to get the name from the registrant and suing the .me registry for the 90K back as well.
The registry is no more entitled than a registrant from making money on a trademarked domain.
« Google Loses $1 Billion On AOL?
I find it hard to believe that someone who can write a $90k check for a domain would buy toyota.me. What a stupid investment and now this is news for .me.
Flowers.mobi set the pace and tone for .mobi and toyota.me just might set the pace and tone for .me.
My guess is that Toyota could care less about the .me extension and I say good for them.
Do they really think that someone will type in toyota.me? Probably not.
Do they think that their consumers will be confused buy toyota.me? If so, not many.
This is a worthless domain and if this is the best name that the speculators can bid up then this is a useless extension.
Sorry but I still see no reason to speculate in .me and I use the word speculate, not invest.
No one is investing in .me unless they plan to develop their .me domain.
I don't think it will make $100 a year in parking revenue.
This sale is so stupid it sounds like a publicity stunt.
I was thinking with the $90K pricetag and the clear TM violation, the buyer can't be a domainer but maybe a Toyota car dealer thinking this is a clever online name for his/her business.
It will be good to be an IP lawyer in a few years is all I can say.
Who was the buyer of pepsi.me? Even though it only sold for $255 it still would be a blatant trademark violation.
Is this the same issue, but on a smaller price scale?
Of course there are a few areas where a website can be used legally. For example I believe that if you use it as a site critical of the trademark holder then it has been held to be a fair use of the domain. I'm not a lawyer but I did speak with a lawyer once about a domain I own and that seems to be OK.
I suspect if a domain like that is parked with some pay per click ads on it then it fails some test of intent.
Regardless, my point being that if I can legally use toyota.me as a site critical of Toyota policies and/or practices then the registrar has a right to sell it to me.
What if Toyota are about to release a 'Toyota Me' campaign and they just put the name in an agencies default to keep it under the carpet a little longer. Ultimately it's between Toyota and the new domain owner. Agree with the registry being accountable, however, might be more to it. Also agree that it's better to report it than assume that it's all koser. Time will tell I suppose!
There is zero chance that the bidding was legit on that name, it will be one of those sales that never happens. The name isn't even worth $50.
You are probably right and if this is the "big sale" to kick of .me then .me is DOA.
There were 110 bids on this name. That could be 2 bidders with 55 bids or 50 or more actual participants.
As far as .me doing it on purpose, I see no possibility of them doing it with this name.
Michael, I agree very troubling, a few other names that have sold thus far that could have "TM" implications; tyco, yamaha, starbucks, ducati, disney, porsche, myspace, etc.
Very strange sale to say the least.
We run two blogs dedicated to legal issues relating to domain names. The UDRP and ACPA are part of the foundation of domaining. Any domainer who doesn't understand these laws gets what they deserve, an adverse decision under eh UDRP.
This sale won't go through once the buyer realizes the error of his ways.
In 6-8 months when you see what Apple transforms me.com into, the me registry will be packing it in. Which leads me to this AdAge piece this morning that I blogged about.
The article directly attributes Obama's success to KEYWORD "ME" which makes Apple choice of ME.com, as the cloud computing base camp that will morph into the mother of all social networks- worth a price that few could understand. It will kill Facebook and MySpace the way iTunes killed Napster. Because people are willing to pay for value and things priced as free start with a stigma of cheap and unworthy.
So Owen what are you saying, that Toyota.me is a bargain at $90K?
I am familiar with your blog.
MHB: I agree that there is some potential liability here. As you might imagine, the law in this area is less than clear, and courts from various jurisdictions are not necessarily consistent. I am certain the registry would have defenses, but there are theories of liability for contributory infringement etc that might persuade the right judge. It is kind of like selling a stolen car.
A business name and becomes famous, maybe I copy the name of something or think alguien.No is that at the time. Net, in relation to commercial, and they overshoot, and perhaps never thought to take vat this dimencion.
Toyota.me, registrants should alert companies to buyers or at least create a padron and alert, but not good for them economically.
I think everyone should evaluate, perhaps one that gives a bad faith expression, and wrap themselves Palab nuestars and then is used against us.
What if my name is Toyota, also have the same derecho.No you think.
I have to say, I'm as guilty as any for making a profit on flipping domains. It gets border line shady, but it's just like any supply and demand business. If there is even the perception that something or someone is going to make it big, I buy the domain. Why not?
If you go to Flippa you can see what websites are actually selling for. People make a significant amount of money flipping websites.


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NASA Abruptly Reassigns Top Human Exploration Program Officials as Trump Moon Mandate Looms
Gizmodo.com - Thu 11 Jul 19:01 GMT
NASA's longtime associate administrator for its human exploration program, William Gerstenmaier, has been re-assigned to be a special adviser to NASA Deputy Administrator Jim Morhard in what seems like a fairly clear demotion, the Washington Post reported on …
NASA Associate Administrator for the Human Exploration and Operations Directorate William Gerstenmaier ast a press conference in June 2019.
Photo: Bill Ingalls (AP) NASA's longtime associate administrator for its human exploration program, William Gerstenmaier, has been re-assigned to be a special adviser to NASA Deputy Administrator Jim Morhard in what seems like a fairly clear demotion, the Washington Post reported on Wednesday.
Gerstenmaier, who has worked for NASA since 1977, had overseen "some of NASA's most high-profile programs and is known as a steady and methodical force at the agency's headquarters," the Post wrote, recently working with Commercial Crew Program contractors Boeing and SpaceX on their replacements for the retired Space Shuttle.
"As you know, NASA has been given a bold challenge to put the first woman and the next man on the Moon by 2024, with a focus on the ultimate goal of sending humans to Mars," NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine wrote in an email to staff, according to the Post.
In addition to the Commercial Crew Program, Gerstenmaier has overseen the operations of the International Space Station (which the Trump administration has floated plans to privatize) and NASA's Space Launch System (which the Post noted has frustrated the Trump administration due to being "years behind schedule and way over budget").
In fact, per the Verge, on Wednesday, Gerstenmaier had appeared before Congress to talk up Artemis during a hearing on the future of the ISS and low Earth orbit exploration: "NASA's Artemis program will build a sustainable, open architecture that returns humanity to our nearest neighbor," Gerstenmaier wrote in his witness testimony for the hearing.
Of note, a recent report from Ars Technica citing "multiple sources inside and outside NASA" reported disputes between the agency's human spaceflight administrators and the White Houses House's Office of Management and Budget (OMB).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Duties and Dress of Elders/Pastors/Priests ).
The Council of Trent solemnly defined that there are seven sacraments of the New Law, truly and properly so called, viz., Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction, Orders, and Matrimony. The same enumeration had been made in the Decree for the Armenians by the Council of Florence (1439), in the Profession of Faith of Michael (Kennedy D.J. Transcribed by Marie Jutras. Sacraments. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIII. Copyright © 1912 by Robert Appleton Company. Online Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. Knight. Nihil Obstat, February 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, D.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York).
The sacramental concept of confirmation is also not anywhere in the Bible nor in any known writings prior to the third century.
The view most widely held today among upholders of the historico-religious theory is that the Eucharist and the Mass originated in the practices of the Persian Mithraism (Dieterich, H. T. Holtzmann, Pfleiderer, Robertson, etc.). "In the Mandaean mass" writes Cumont ("Mysterien des Mithra", Leipzig, 1903, p.118), "the celebrant consecrated bread and water, which he mixed with perfumed Haoma-juice, and ate this food while performing the functions of divine service". Tertullian in anger ascribed this mimicking of Christian rites to the "devil" and observed in astonishment (De prescript haeret, C. xl): "celebrat (Mithras) et panis oblationem." (Pohle J. Transcribed by Joseph P. Thomas. Sacrifice of the Mass. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume X. Published 1911. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York).
Hence, at least certain sacramental elements are known to have non-Christian similarities (for more on this, please see the articles on Justin Martyr and Do You Practice Mithraism?).
In this period the Church labors to consolidate her gains, to solidify her institutions and to develop her literature, liturgy, music and art. It is the age of the Great Fathers and Doctors, both East and West, both Latin and Greek (Kramer H.B. L. The Book of Destiny. Nihil Obstat: J.S. Considine, O.P., Censor Deputatus. Imprimatur: +Joseph M. Mueller, Bishop of Sioux City, Iowa, January 26, 1956. Reprint TAN Books, Rockford (IL), p. 164).
As those Roman decrees against the Church of Rome did not end until the 4th century according to the same priest (p. 181), the priest is admitting that this is when the modern Roman liturgy was developed.
The Paulicians, as part of their heresy held that...all external religious forms, sacraments, rites, especially material pictures and relics, should be abolished. (Fortescue A. Iconoclasm. Transcribed by Michael C. Tinkler.The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VII. Copyright © 1910 by Robert Appleton Company. Online Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. Knight. Nihil Obstat, June 1, 1910. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York).
But who were the heretics?
Was it heretical to object to sacraments and ceremonies that were not in the Bible? The Paulicians (roughly 6th-10th century) were against sacraments and relics (like idols, please see the article What Did the Early Church Teach About Idols and Icons?) as was the original church. So would they be the heretics or are the real heretics those who changed practices to endorse unbiblical sacramental practices?
Priest This word (etymologically "elder", from presbyteros, presbyter) has taken the meaning of "sacerdos", from which no substantive has been formed in various modern languages (English, French, German). The priest is the minister of Divine worship, and especially of the highest act of worship, sacrifice. In this sense, every religion has its priests, exercising more or less exalted sacerdotal functions as intermediaries between man and the Divinity (Boudinhon A. Transcribed by Robert B. Olson. Priest. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XII. Copyright © 1911 by Robert Appleton Company. Online Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. Knight. Nihil Obstat, June 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York).
Because of the "intermediary" position that Rome now has placed its priests in, Rome has them hear confessions and essential claim to forgive sins. Yet, this is a seventh century change according to the Catechism of the Catholic Church (#1447) and was not an original apostolic or early Christian practice (for details and quotes, please see the article History of Auricular Confession and the 'Sacrament of Confession'). The elder role was not sacramental.
Therefore, while Paul and Polycarp (in the first and second centuries, respectively) taught a service oriented eldership, Catholic scholars later seemed to change it to a sacramentally oriented profession.
Early Christian leaders basically dressed like the general public did.
Early leaders/elders/priest did not have liturgical vestments as the Catholic/Orthodox priests and others now wear, as they did not exist before the fourth century.
Stephen 1...it is generally believed that he was consecrated 12 May, 254, and that he died 2 August, 257...In his days the vestments worn by the clergy at Mass and other church services did not differ in shape or material from those ordinarily worn by the laity (Mann H. Transcribed by Kenneth M. Caldwell. Pope St. Stephen I. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIV. Copyright © 1912 by Robert Appleton Company. Online Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. Knight. Nihil Obstat, July 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York).
The liturgical vestments have by no means remained the same from the founding of the Church until the present day. There is as great a difference between the vestments worn at the Holy Sacrifice in the pre-Constantinian period, and even in the following centuries, and those now customary at the services of the Church, as between the rite of the early Church and that of modern times...Four main periods may be distinguished in the development of the Christian priestly dress. The first embraces the era before Constantine. In that period the priestly dress did not yet differ from the secular costume in form and ornament. The dress of daily life was worn at the offices of the Church. In times of peace and under normal conditions better garments were probably used...The second period embraces the time from about the fourth to the ninth century. It is the most important epoch in the history of liturgical vestments, the epoch in which not merely a priestly dress in a special sense was created, but one which at the same time determined the chief vestments of the present liturgical dress (Joseph Braun. Transcribed by Michael T. Barrett. Vestments. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XV. Published 1912. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York).
In other words, up until at least the fourth century, even Catholic leaders did not dress differently than members.
Now His betrayer had given them a sign, saying, "Whomever I kiss, He is the One; seize Him." Immediately he went up to Jesus and said, "Greetings, Rabbi!" and kissed Him (Matthew 26:48-49).
Then as Paul was about to be led into the barracks, he said to the commander, "May I speak to you?" He replied, "Can you speak Greek? Are you not the Egyptian who some time ago stirred up a rebellion and led the four thousand assassins out into the wilderness?" (Acts 21:37-38).
There is no record in the New Testament of any instruction for the clergy/ministry to dress differently than the lay members. The true leaders from Jesus to Paul to Polycarp to beyond simply did not dress in special vestments. Nor is there any indication from the Bible or tradition that the Apostle Peter did either. Thus there was no biblical reason to consider special vestments, etc. as necessary (or even desirable).
The ministry of the various COGs wear clothing appropriate for their respective cultures. There is no clear distinction in dress for the ministry compared to the laity.
Actually, because of persecution, it would have been dangerous for elders/presbyters/bishops to adopt the type of dress they now wear in the days of early Christianity. It should be noted that early leaders/elders/priest did not have liturgical vestments as the Catholic/Orthodox priests and others now wear, as they did not exist that early. This is a minor, but noticeable, physical example of how the COG is more faithful to the original practices of the Christian church than many churches are.
So where did priests, bishops, and other religious leaders get the idea of special clothing? Apparently by following the example of Emperor Constantine.
The proper vestment for a deacon at Mass is an alb (with an amice if required), cincture, stole worn in the diaconal manner, and dalmatic. The stole and dalmatic should be of the corresponding liturgical color.
This vestment is a knee-length, sleeved garment. It was originally developed in Dalmatia, modern-day Croatia, and was imported into Rome during the second century.
At first the dalmatic, which was originally longer, reaching the heels, and more ample than today, was not well received, being seen as somewhat effeminate. Later, however, it became popular among Roman senators and imperial officials as a substitute for the toga and was even used as the proper garb for the consecration of the emperor.
So, what does this report tell us?
Consistent with other historical reports, this shows admits that the vestments of Catholic deacons was not an original Christian practice.
The dalmatic was not from the Bible.
The dalmatic was not an original garment that deacons wore.
The source of the dalmatic came from worldly society.
People had concerns about the dalmatic because it was considered to be effeminate.
The dalmatic became associated with imperial politicians, including emperors.
Because of its ties to politics, it was adopted by pontiffs and bishops.
During the time of Emperor Constantine, it was adopted for use by deacons.
Sylvester I was bishop of Rome from 314 to 335 A.D., which was during the reign of the sun-god worshiping Emperor Constantine. The Bishops of Rome did not take the title Pontifex Maximus, which Constantine held, until several decades after his death. But because of how the pagan priests dressed, it was during the reigns of Sylvester and Constantine that the Church of Rome adopted the vestments that they now wear.
Although Edward McNamara is referring to the dalmatic as part of the proper vestment for deacons during Catholic mass, this most certainly does not come from the Bible nor the practices of the early followers of Christ.
Yet, Bishop Sylvester was enticed and chose pretentious garments, not from the Father, from the world. Every time one sees a Roman Catholic, Anglican/Episcopal, or Eastern Orthodox clergyman dressed in their typical ecclesiastical vestments, realize that they are outwardly displaying compromise that earlier leaders made with Emperor Constantine and his pagan religion in the fourth century.
By the time Stephen III became pope, the church was thoroughly converted to the Roman Empire. From the Donation, it is plain that the Bishop of Rome looked like Constantine, lived like him, dressed liked him, inhabited his palaces, ruled over his lands, had exactly the same imperial outlook. The pope, too, wanted to lord it over church and state. (De Rosa, Peter. Vicars of Christ. Poolberg Press, Dublin, 2000, pp. 34,45).
Pontifex Maximus was a title, literally meaning bridge-builder (but figuratively meaning the link between God and man) that Roman Emperors, including Constantine, used for themselves. Emperor Constantine had been a follower of Mithras, and apparently influenced many of the Greco-Roman clergy to dress like the clergy of Mithraism. This is an obvious change to the practices of the original Christian leaders (see also Do You Practice Mithraism?).
Irrespective of where they originated, the use of black robes for clergy was not an original apostolic practice.
It is time to end the Imperial Episcopate.
So, he sees problems with the fancy attire of the Catholic clergy, though his black robe, mitre, cross solution is not the right one.
So, twice in Catholic translations of the Bible, dressing in distinctive robes is condemned. Also, it appears that the practice of priests trying to get money from widows related to 'purgatory' would also seem to be being specifically condemned by Jesus.
Furthermore, it should be noted other parts of their dress came from, not the Bible, but mystics.
Many Catholic devotions are based solely on private revelations: the Rosary, the Sacred Heart, and the Scapular are cases in point (Dupont, Yves. Catholic Prophecy: The Coming Chastisement. TAN Books, Rockford (IL), 1973, p.9).
Thus, it should be clear that the dress of the Roman/Orthodox clergy did not originate from the Bible, but were later additions from source outside the Bible.
The priest's vestments, namely, the amice, alb, cincture, maniple, stole, and chasuble should be in a good condition and have been blessed by the bishop or by an authorized priest. It is certainly a mortal sin to celebrate Mass without a chasuble, or with a chasuble not blessed; the same thing holds good in regard to the alb. Theologians agree more or less in saying the same thing in regard to the other vestments. (Liguori AM. Eugene editor. The complete works of Alfonso Maria de' Liguori: the ascetical works, Volume XIII, The Holy Mass; translated from the Italian. Approbation: Elles Fred Schaeur, Baltimore, January 3, 1889. Benziger Brothers, Printers to the Holy Apostolic See, London, 1889, pp. 416-417).
His position is a violation of sacred scripture, early tradition, and the history of even his church.
None of the commonly used external vestments by the clergies of those religions came from the Bible nor the original apostles.
The vestments worn by the Greco-Roman faiths help demonstrate that those religions are NOT the continuation of the original Christian religion. To learn which faith is, please check out the free online booklets Where is the True Christian Church Today? and Continuing History of the Church of God.
3. And I will have you know, that the head of every man, is Christ: and the head of the woman, is the man: and the head of Christ, is God. 4. Every man praying or prophesying with his head covered: dishonorest his head.
In the Orthodox Greek Rite (the other Greek Rites need not here be considered) a liturgical head-covering was not worn until the sixteenth century. Before this only the Patriarch of Alexandria, who wore one as early as the tenth century, made use of a head-covering, and his was only a simple cap (Braun J. Transcribed by William Stuart French, Jr. Mitre. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume X. Published 1911. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York).
The current hats that Roman bishops currently tend to wear resemble a cross between the Phrygian cap (a type of conical cap) and the 'fish hats' associated with Dagon. They do not come from the Bible.
The small, round skullcap of the ecclesiastic. The official name is pileolus; other designations are: berettino, calotte, subbiretum (because worn under the biretta), submitrale (because worn under the mitre), soli-deo. The pope's zucchetto is white, that of the cardinals red, even when the cardinal is a member of an order.
Nearly every Catholic/Orthodox bishop I have seen praying has done so wearing some type of head covering--they are dishonoring their head (who is supposed to be Christ) by praying that way. Hence, they seem to be disqualifying themselves as true Christian leaders by their head coverings.
Therefore, just seeing the appearance of any Catholic/Orthodox bishop should be enough to show people that the genuine Church of God is more faithful than the Roman or Orthodox churches to the Bible and early traditions of the Church.
Is the Tonsure Biblical or a Sign of Rebellion Against the Bible?
Should the shaved appearance of some practicing Catholics cause concern? Is this a Christian practice or did it come from somewhere else.
Despite what the Bible teaches, various ones who claim some version of 'Christianity' (those who prefer tradition over the Bible) persist in this type of practice today. Bald shavings were practices of some pagan priests who were involved in sun-god worship in ancient times. This may be why God prohibited it. Those who do it are rebelling against biblical and apostolic authority.
Those monks and others who practice the tonsure are following a pagan religious practice that the Bible opposes. This should not be for those that claim to follow the Jesus of the Bible--and He did not have a tonsure either. While the Bible does tell of a shaving of the head related to a Nazarite vow (Leviticus 6:18), which the Apostle Paul did once do (Acts 18:18), this was not a permanent situation for display like the practices of ancient pagan priests as various Catholic monks. And the hair shaving came AFTER a period of separation and hair growth (Leviticus 6:18)--which is another difference from the tonsure.
When did priests practicing mysteries first claim to be Christian? The writings from the second century heretics Justin and Irenaeus provide perhaps the earliest answers.
"To Simon the holy God." And almost all the Samaritans, and a few even of other nations, worship him, and acknowledge him as the first god; and a woman, Helena, who went about with him at that time, and had formerly been a prostitute, they say is the first idea generated by him. And a man, Meander, also a Samaritan, of the town Capparetaea, a disciple of Simon, and inspired by devils, we know to have deceived many while he was in Antioch by his magical art...All who take their opinions from these men, are, as we before said, called Christians (Justin. First Apology, Chapter XXVI. Excerpted from Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume 1. Edited by Alexander Roberts & James Donaldson. American Edition, 1885. Online Edition Copyright © 2004 by K. Knight).
Now this Simon of Samaria, from whom all sorts of heresies derive their origin...Thus, then, the mystic priests belonging to this sect both lead profligate lives and practise magical arts, each one to the extent of his ability. They use exorcisms and incantations. Love-potions, too, and charms, as well as those beings who are called "Paredri" (familiars) and "Oniropompi" (dream-senders), and whatever other curious arts can be had recourse to, are eagerly pressed into their service. They also have an image of Simon fashioned after the likeness of Jupiter, and another of Helena in the shape of Minerva; and these they worship.
Thus, even early heretics admit that the idea of "Christian" priests who are practicing mysteries, make incantations, and have images associated with worship actually derives from followers of Simon Magus! This is a concept NOT found within the true Church of God ever, and not even in the Roman Church until at least the third century.
The priest was the intermediary between God and man. His functions evidently included the administration of the sacraments and the celebration of the services. The inscriptions tell us that in addition he presided at the formal dedications, or at least represented the faithful one on such an occasion along with the Fathers; but this was the least portion only of the duties he had to perform; the religious service which fell to his lot appears to have been very exacting. He doubtless was compelled to see that a perpetual fire burned upon the altars. Three times a day, at dawn, at noon, and at dusk, he addressed a prayer to the Sun, turning in the morning toward the East, at noon toward the South, at evening toward the West. The daily liturgy frequently embraced special sacrifices. The celebrant, garbed in sacerdotal robes resembling those of the Magi, sacrificed to the higher and lower gods divers victims, the blood of which was collected in a trench; or offered them libations, holding in his hands the bundle of sacred twigs which we know from the Avesta. Long psalmodies and chants accompanied with music were interspersed among the ritual acts. A solemn moment in the service,--one very probably marked by the sounding of a bell,--was that in which the image of the tauroctonous Mithra, hitherto kept veiled, was uncovered before the eyes of the initiates (Cumont, Franz. Translated from the second revised French edition by Thomas J. McCormack. THE MYSTERIES OF MITHRA. Chicago, Open Court  p. 166).
It appears that some of the practices of the Mithra priesthood ended up in the Roman mass.
True Christian weekly worship services were not liturgical, nor sacramental in nature.
Nor did the worship leaders have any special dress or vestments.
Much early Christian worship was taken over from Jewish synagogue worship.
1. Unlike pagan practices of worship, Christians had no sacred statues, temples, or rituals of sacrifices.
2. Like Jews of the second and third centuries, Christians in their worship service stressed the reading and exposition of Scripture, prayer, confession, exhortation, the singing of psalms and hymns (Ehrman B. From Jesus to Constantine: A History of Early Christianity, Part 2. The Teaching Company, Chantilly (VA), 2004, p. 35).
I would add here that the songs were almost exclusively Psalms (more information can be found in the article Praises to Jesus Christ or Biblical Hymns: Which Should Christians Primarily Sing?).
26 Whenever you come together, each of you has a psalm (1 Corinthians 14:26).
From a very early date, perhaps from the beginning, Christians employed in their services the psalms found in the Jewish Scriptures, the Christian Old Testament. Since the first Christians were predominantly Greek-speaking, these psalms were in a Greek translation. We hear of at least one form of service in which, after the reading from the Old Testament, the "hymns of David" were sung...Until the end of the fourth century, in the services of the Catholic Church only the Old Testament Psalms and the hymns or canticles from the New Testament were sung...Gradually there were prepared versical paraphrases (Latourette K.S. A History of Christianity, Volume 1: Beginnings to 1500. Harper Collins, San Francisco, 1975, pp. 206,207).
Because of fears of gnostic influence, Christians did not add outside poetic phrases or non-biblical lyrics until well after the second century (Ibid).
It should be noted that sermons provided information. They were really ritualistic.
The letter that sometimes is improperly called Second Clement, is considered to be "the oldest complete Christian sermon that has survived" (Holmes M.W. The Apostolic Fathers: Greek Texts and English Translations, 2nd ed. Baker Books, Grand Rapids, 2004, p. 102) outside of the Bible (see Ancient "Christian" Sermon). It was not an emotional appeal to some how bring down the Holy Spirit. It was not sacramental nor as short as the type of messages that the Roman Catholic priests tend to give.
It was a message highly-based upon scripture. Messages like that often are not what many want today.
Many do not want scriptural and fact-based sermons. They have itching ears. Many want entertainment, emotional feelings, and/or rituals that scriptural messages do not alway provide. But true Christians are to exorted to "contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints" (Jude 3).
In Melito's sermon known as his Homily on the Passover, Melito stated that one spoke earlier in the service that day. Then he did. The idea of having two separate messages, while not ordered in scripture, is consistent with what happened with Jesus (Luke 4:14-31) and the Apostle Paul (Acts 13:13-15). This has remained a tradition, if you will, in the Church of God, in groups such as the Continuing Church of God.
Traditions that are consistent with scripture, but that do not contradict scripture are fine.
However, it should be noted that versions of the 'liturgy' that various Greco-Roman churches have adopted are not consistent with scripture, but are more consistent with pagan practices and hence not acceptable (cf. 1 Corinthians 10:19-22; John 4:23-24; cf. Deuteronomy 12). More on 'liturgy' can be found in the article .
Both, therefore, are in the power of the Church, that is to say, the spiritual and the material sword, but the former is to be administered for the Church but the latter by the Church; the former in the hands of the priest; the latter by the hands of kings and soldiers, but at the will and sufferance of the priest. However, one sword ought to be subordinated to the other and temporal authority, subjected to spiritual power...Furthermore, we declare, we proclaim, we define that it is absolutely necessary for salvation that every human creature be subject to the Roman Pontiff (THE BULL UNAM SANCTAM , 1302. English translation taken from a doctoral dissertation written in the Dept. of Philosophy at the Catholic University of America, and published by CUA Press in 1927. In Medieval Sourcebook, http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/b8-unam.html 01/16/06).
Thus, Roman leaders endorsed killing and the use of the military under the authority of church leadership.
The ancient church understood that war has been around as long as human beings and sin have coexisted. It is a consistent tenet throughout the Christian tradition that war is the result of sin. The responses to war, however, have followed two basic trains of thought: pacifism, and the idea that certain wars can be just. Pacifism is characteristic of the early centuries of Christianity in someone like the North African apologist Tertullian (160-220 A.D.), who regularly warned Christians to distance themselves from pagan culture. He wrote: "How will he serve in the army even during peacetime without the sword that Jesus Christ has taken away? Even if soldiers came to John and got advice on how they ought to act, even if the centurion became a believer, the Lord by taking away Peter's sword, disarmed every soldier thereafter. We are not allowed to wear any uniform that symbolizes a sinful act" (On Idolatry 19.3). The third-century Roman Presbyter Hippolytus wrote The Apostolic Tradition, Canon 16, (ca. 215 A.D.) which opposed serving in the military as a matter of church discipline: "A soldier in the lower ranks shall kill no one. If ordered to do so, he shall not obey, and he shall not take an oath. If he does not want to comply with this directive, let him be dismissed [from the church]." (Elowsky, Joel. Ancient Christian Commentary on Current Events: What Is War Good For? Christianity Today, posted October 28, 2003).
Now, I should add that is doubtful that most of those quoted in the article were true Christians themselves. Yet, it is clear that they understood that John (the Baptist) and the Apostles were against war.
...perhaps most of the early Christians had conscientious scruples against military service (Latourette K.S. A History of Christianity, Volume 1, Beginnings to 1500. Harper, San Francisco, 1975, p. 89).
Actually, all true Christians were always opposed to military service, and their leaders did not will and support the use of the sword by kings. However, this changed for compromisers after Emperor Constantine, who had been part of Mithraism convinced many leaders who professed Christ to follow his understanding of doctrine.
Mithraism was first and foremost a military cult (Aiken CF. Mithraism. The Catholic University bulletin, Volume 19, 1913. Original from	the University of Michigan, Digitized	Dec 19, 2008, p. 255).
But of course, original Christians were pacifists. For more details, please see Military Service and the Churches of God: Do Real Christians Participate in Carnal Warfare?
Was Celibacy An Early Requirement for Early leaders/Elders/Presbyters (sometimes called priests)?
Celibacy was not practiced by the early Church leadership. Peter and most of the apostles were married (1 Corinthians 9:5). Nor was this an immediate postapostolic development.
Celibacy became an ideal for the clergy in the East gradually, as it did in the West. In the fourth century we still find St. Gregory Nazianzen's father, who was Bishop of Nanzianzos, living with his wife, without scandal. But very soon after that the present Eastern rule obtained. It is less strict than in the West. No one can marry after he has been ordained priest (Paphnutius at the first Council of Nicaea maintains this; the first Canon of the Synod of Neocaesarea in 314 or 325, and Can. Apost., xxvi. The Synod of Elvira about 300 had decreed absolute celibacy for all clerks in the West, Can. xxxiii, ib., pp. 238-239); priests already married may keep their wives (the same law applied to deacons and subdeacons: Can. vi of the Synod in Trullo, 692), but bishops must be celibate. As nearly all secular priests were married this meant that, as a general rule, bishops were chosen from the monasteries, and so these became, as they still are, the road through advancement may be attained (Fortesque A. Transcribed by Marie Jutras. Eastern Monasticism. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume X. Copyright © 1911 by Robert Appleton Company. Online Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. Knight. Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York).
Most early church leaders were married, and encouraged to be so.
More on celibacy can be found in the article Was Celibacy Required for Early Bishops or Presbyters?
Hence, the Bible and early writings show that the original Church taught that its leaders were to lead the flock, dress normally, be married, and support true Christianity. And that (other than marrying while on earth) is what Jesus, Himself, did.
Daily, or even weekly, liturgical rituals were not part of the practices of Christians in the New Testament. Nor did they hear regular confessions as the Church of Rome advocates.
Military Service and the Churches of God: Do Real Christians Participate in Carnal Warfare or Encourage Violence?). It was also not until after Constantine that they begin to wear certain head coverings like mitres (which seems to at least partially derive from the term Mithra or Mitra, see Were the Early Duties of Elders/Pastors Mainly Sacramental? What was there Dress?).
Sadly, Rome and those that followed Rome's lead have changed to have leaders that dress strangely, are sometimes celibate, perform unusual sacramental rituals, and who support the use of the military to kill at the will and sufferance of the priest. And these seem to be practices that non-Christians held. And may have come from Mithraism (please see Do You Practice Mithraism?).
Which do you think is consistent with apostolic Christianity? Which should you support?
Two free online booklets that may assist are Where is the True Christian Church Today? and Continuing History of the Church of God.


SuperWendy has read 95 of 100 books in 2018.
Wendy! You are 4 books ahead of me!
Nikki: Well...I will count DNFs if I get through several chapters - but yes, I REALLY want to hit 100 this year.
ooooh - so close! Can you care up another 6 you might have forgot?
Kristie: Unfortunately no. Yes, I'm SO close, but even though I won't meet my goal I'm counting this as a big victory. I think I only read around 70 books in 2017.
"I remember that so this year is a win for you. Though, I win," she gleefully chuckled as she ran away while glancing behind.


As a parent-cooperative, Mulberry parents have the opportunity to participate in all aspects of the school's operation. Parents can get involved through a variety of ways by volunteering their time, talents, and ideas and by being a part of fundraising events. Parents also make up the Board of Directors, which manages the affairs of the school along with the Academic Director. Each family is asked to contribute 35 hours of service per family during the school year.
Getting involved in fundraising events (Gala, Carnival, 5K Race, Book Fair).
Sign-up sheets for volunteering opportunities are generally posted on the bulletin board just inside the front door and are circulated at the monthly parent meetings.
Note that each hour of parent service is considered equivalent to $40.00. Families have the option of purchasing supplies for the school as needed, and can count each $40.00 spent as one hour of service. Alternatively, any unfulfilled hours can be paid for at this rate when the school year ends.


This page allows my clients to pay for tinctures and consultations online. Thank you for your business!
The initial consultation is an hour long, and will involve drinking tea together and talking about many aspects of personal history including diet, lifestyle, past medical concerns and procedures, and present conditions.
We will discuss your intentions and goals for your health, and come up with a workable plan to implement over the next few weeks. This will include aspects of herbal, nutritional and lifestyle adjustments that will set the tone for long term health goals.
Follow ups will be shorter, depending on the nature and severity of symptoms.
Herbal medicine is not a magic bullet, one size fits all approach. In real terms, it requires time and commitment to untangle the web we have woven and adhere to new changes.
Everything you say is confidential and will be treated with respect and without judgement.
More tea and empathy.. a follow up to our initial consultation to see how you are.


text:
Metaloza – lokalne oddziaływanie jonów metali lub produktów korozji implantu na tkanki organizmu. Jeden ze skutków ubocznych wprowadzenia implantu do ludzkiego organizmu.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The structure of the hammer crusher is simpler than other types of crushers such as jaw crusher and cone crusher (Ajaka and Adesina, 2014). And it is high in crushing efficiency and low in energy consumption with strike crushing as main mode.
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This autumn, starting 23 September 2016 and running till 22 January 2017, Palazzo Strozzi in Florence will present Italy's first major retrospective dedicated to Ai Weiwei, one of the world's most celebrated and influential contemporary artists.
A dissident artist with a leading voice, Ai Weiwei is known world-wide as much for his challenging contemporary art practice as for his political activism. Ai Weiwei will be the first artist to exhibit across the entirety of the Palazzo Strozzi spaces, presenting a series of new and major works from the façade of the building and the courtyard to the piano nobile and the Strozzina gallery. Mirroring the artist's relationship between tradition and modernity, key works will be hung in response to the architecture of the Palazzo Strozzi, a 15th century palace built as a political statement, and is considered to embody the history of the city of Florence.
This major exhibition will include key monumental installations, sculptures and objects, as well as videos and photography series produced throughout his career. These range from his years living in New York 1980s and '90s when he discovered his 'masters' Andy Warhol and Marcel Duchamp, to the large iconic assemblages works from the early 2000s consisting of objects such as bicycles and stools, to his recent controversial and engaged works such as portraits of political dissidents built with Lego bricks, and his projects on migration in the Mediterranean region.
Over the past twenty years, Ai Weiwei has become a leading voice on the international art scene and China's most famous living artist. Known for his political activism and meticulous artistic research, Ai Weiwei has also become a symbol of resistance against censorship. The show will offer the opportunity to explore Ai Weiwei's creative genius but also to understand his personal narrative, offering critical insight to Ai Weiwei's ambiguous relations with his native China. Ai Weiwei denounces the inconsistencies and gaps between the individual and the community in today's world and has a profound sense of belonging, as illustrated by his use of traditional materials and techniques. Equally, a strong sense of rebellion informs his interpretations of traditional Chinese images and metaphors.


Oh, how I hate bios! All of that deadly dull information about name (Barbara Bretton) and date of birth (June 25, 1950) and geographical data (born in New York City; lives near Princeton, NJ), marital status (32 years married), and hobbies (who has time??). How do you gather up all of those dull, dry facts and turn them into something interesting?
No wonder I tell lies for a living.
I considered weaving a story for you about life on a houseboat on the French Riviera. Or maybe my years as a concubine, hidden away in a golden pleasure palace in the shimmering desert. Then I decided to do the unthinkable and tell you the truth.
Eighteen years ago I sold my first book and my life changed forever. I sent in my manuscript on Thursday February 21, 1982 and four days later the telephone rang and I heard the amazing words, "We want to buy your book." How I wish you could have seen me. I was standing by the kitchen door of our North Babylon house, the picture of cool sophistication, as I listened to Vivian Stephens explain the terms of the deal to me. You would have thought I'd sold a first book every single day of my life. Yes, I said. Sounds wonderful. Thank you so much for calling. I look forward to our association. That cool sophistication hung on until I hung up the phone, took a deep breath, then promptly threw up on my shoes.
A lot has happened to me in the eighteen years since that first sale. I've learned that this is a difficult and demanding business (it takes a tough writer to write a tender book) and that I am happiest when I am most ignorant. I've also learned that a good friend, a writer and pal who truly understands, is worth her weight in good reviews and royalty checks.
I fell madly in love with Skye O'Malley in early 1982 and wrote an unabashedly gushy fan letter to our beloved Bertrice Small. By the time Sunny answered, I had joined the ranks of the published and Sunny became friend and mentor, guide and confidant. She has held my hand through broken dreams, disappointments, family illnesses, and accepted my bizarre need to go underground from time to time with great affection and understanding. Over the years I've come to understand the difference between the writer and her work, that loving the book doesn't guarantee that I will love the author. But what a joy it is when you discover that the author of a beloved favorite is even more wonderful and witty and wise than the characters she creates.
So this bio is for you, Sunny, for being the best of friends during the worst of times and -- even more wonderful -- during the good times as well.


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Good Karma brings the flavors and textures to our gluten-free breads that keep 'em coming back again and again. We know once you try us, you'll love us! We partner with local restaurants and regional grocers to bring Good Karma to the masses.
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Raymond Brothers Landscaping Inc. has been a top quality choice for a landscape company in Woodcliff Lake NJ for landscape design and maintenance for the previous thirty years. When Scott and Todd Raymond founded their landscape company, they based it on the concept of supplying homeowners with landscaping services which would be of the highest quality possible. The long-lasting client relationships we have built since our founding in 1982 is one of many reasons we're such a recommended landscape service in Old Tappan NJ.
At Raymond Brothers, we consider the landscapers in our employ to be our best asset, as they are industry certified and experienced in providing landscaping in Montvale NJ for both commercial and residential properties. We are constantly striving to improve our services in any way we can, which assists us in standing out among other landscapers in the local area. We're a top choice for your landscape design needs since we do not consider the job completed until the client is entirely satisfied. Because of the reputation we have earned, we've grown over the years to satisfy the requirements of more customers. For top quality work which is performed in a timely manner and the finest in customer care, contact Raymond Brothers Landscaping the next time you need a quality landscape service in Park Ridge NJ.
As a top landscape contractor in Woodcliff Lake NJ, we're prepared to supply you with the very best when it comes to landscape maintenance. A lot of people want to ensure their property is taken care of, but it becomes increasingly difficult to fit into your schedule. We're able to supply numerous services regarding landscape maintenance so that all of your property's needs are capable of being addressed. Your property value is certain to increase if your property is the envy of everyone on your block. There's more than just cutting the lawn and pulling weeds in terms of landscape maintenance. Tick protection programs, spring and fall cleanups, deep root fertilization, and even ice and snow management are included in the full-range of services we're capable of offering. Contact Raymond Brothers Landscaping today if you're searching for a landscaper in Old Tappan NJ that can handle all your landscape maintenance needs.
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text:
namespace updater {

namespace test {

class IntegrationTest : public ::testing::Test {
 protected:
  void SetUp() override {
    Clean();
    ExpectClean();
  }

  void TearDown() override {
    ExpectClean();
    Clean();
  }

 private:
  base::test::TaskEnvironment environment_;
};

TEST_F(IntegrationTest, InstallUninstall) {
  Install();
  ExpectInstalled();
#if defined(OS_MACOSX)
  Swap();
  ExpectSwapped();
#endif  // OS_MACOSX
  Uninstall();
}

}  // namespace test

}  // namespace updater

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


"Great Wall Chinese" is a key project initiated, developed and operated by China's National for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (Hanban). It is a new Chinese teaching and learning system based on latest internnet and multimedia technology.
6 Months of Subscription for Any Single Student Module.
1 Year Subscription for Any Single Student Module.
1 Year Subscription for All (Six) Student Module.


After a couple years covering local government in the Truckee Meadows, today marks my last day as the Reno Gazette-Journal's city reporter.
Looks like the comments for this blog have been turned off for a couple days given our new Facebook system. I just fixed it. Sorry if I inadvertently prevented you from sharing your two-cents on a previous story. Comment away!


If you've had your Samsung Galaxy handset for a while or if you've recently purchased a used handset you may want to get it unlocked from O2, EE or Vodafone. In this tutorial we will show you how to get your SIM Network Unlock PIN for your Samsung Galaxy on O2, EE or Vodafone so you can unlock it for use with any network.
There are a 2 different methods for obtaining your network unlock PIN but the outcome is exactly the same. If you got your Samsung Galaxy from a contract you will need to follow the steps in Tutorial 1. If you purchased a used Samsung Galaxy handset from somewhere like ebay you will need to follow the steps in Tutorial 2.
How to get your Galaxy SIM Network Unlock PIN from Samsung.
Unfortunately this is not as straight forward as any of us would like. Firstly, you cannot go to Samsung and ask them directly for your Network unlock PIN. Whilst it is Samsung who create the PIN codes, it is your network provider that issues them. Consequently, you will have to go to your network provider and as them to unlock your Samsung Galaxy handset.
This process will be different for each network and changes each time they update their internal systems. In addition to all of this you will also have to meet their strict criteria to obtain a SIM unlock PIN code. For many people it is impossible to meet all of their requirements. Below are a few links to help get you started.
Unlock Samsung Galaxy from O2.
To get started with unlocking your Samsung Galaxy handset from O2 you will need to follow this link.
Getting unlocked from Vodafone requires you complete this online form.
Galaxy SIM unlock code for EE.
On the EE website they have plenty of information on how to unlock your Samsung Galaxy handset. A good place to start is here.
Each network will have any number of loops you will need to jump through before they supply you with the SIM unlock code PIN. In many cases you can wait weeks before they issue an NCK with many users being told after waiting they are not eligible.
Because the network providers have made it so difficult to unlock your Samsung Galaxy mobile phone, companies such as NetPal have become increasingly popular. Below we outline the simple process we have put together so you can get your SIM Network Unlock PIN for your Samsung Galaxy.
Getting your Samsung Galaxy SIM Network Unlock PIN from NetPal.
Getting your Samsung Galaxy unlock PIN has never been easier than with NetPal. Our simple, low cost process means you could be unlocked and using the network of your choosing within just 24 hours. This is excellent news for users of second hand Samsung mobile phones.
Go to the Samsung unlock code page and choose which country your handset is locked in.
Make your purchase and go to the checkout.
At the checkout make sure you enter your full 15 digit IMEI number. You can find out how to get this here.
One you have completed your purchase our unlocking technicians will submit your Galaxy IMEI number directly to Samsung via API. This means we bypass all the checks your network provider puts in place. Within 24 hours you will receive your SIM unlock code PIN and instructions on how to enter it.


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You are here: Home » Home » New Internet naming may tarnish nonprofit names, brands
New Internet naming may tarnish nonprofit names, brands
publication date: Oct 10, 2011
author/source: Colin Thurston
The number of Internet domains is set to multiply by the end of next year. And not all the new domains are ones that a charity's board would want associated with their institution. Organizations and brand owners are generally advised to secure any Internet domain names related to their brand that they would not want anyone else to register, since it can be costly and time-consuming to obtain the right to a domain name after it has been registered by another party.
Two recent developments regarding top-level Internet domain names will be of interest to brand owners.
Diverse domains launch soon
First, on June 20, 2011, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) announced its plan to increase the number of generic top-level domains ("gTLDs") from the current 22, which includes such domains as .com, .org and .net.
It is expected that a wide range of diverse domains will result from a new program that will allow prospective registry operators to apply for the creation of new gTLDs beginning on January 12, 2012. The new gTLDs are expected to become operational as soon as late 2012.
Brand owners should monitor this development as new information becomes available and be prepared to secure any new domain names that they would not want a third party to register. More information regarding the new gTLDs can be found online at http://newgtlds.icann.org/.
Avoid adult entertainment brand
Second, the new sponsored top-level domain name ".xxx" will be launching in late 2011 for members of the adult entertainment industry. This is of interest because ICM Registry, the registry for the new .xxx domain, is allowing registered trade-mark owners to block their trade-marks from being registered as .xxx domain names by third parties, even before those domains become available for registration by the general public.
A benefit of this "blocking" process is that the trade-mark owner pays only a one-time blocking fee and would not have to actually register the domain name. Further, a party who blocks a domain will not appear as the domain's registered owner in a WHOIS search. The application period to block .xxx domain names is open to owners of registered Canadian or international trade-marks from September 7, 2011 until October 28, 2011.
This process may be of interest to many charities and nonprofits, but particularly to religious charities and those which focus on services for women. It provides a means by which they may protect certain .xxx domain names without publicly associating their organization with the domain.
Organizations wishing to protect a brand for which they do not hold registered trade-marks may register .xxx domain names when they are made available to the general public after December 6, 2011. But such a registration would result in annual renewal fees to maintain the registration, as well as the organization possibly being publicly listed as the domain owner.
Non-registrants may become extortion victims
If a .xxx domain name is not registered or blocked by an organization, then there is the possibility that the domain name might be registered and used as a domain for an adult website by a third party. That may result in significant bad publicity for some organizations, particularly religious organizations or charities which focus on providing services to women.
While it may seem unlikely that someone would want to use www.[yourcharity].xxx for their pornographic website, charity and nonprofit brand owners should be aware of the possibility that they could be targeted by a bad faith registrant, who may intentionally register their trade-mark or domain name as a .xxx domain for extortion purposes.
Indeed, there have been instances in which reputable organizations' expired domain names have been redirected to pornographic websites by a malicious registrant who would later offer to sell the domain name back to the organization at an exorbitant price. The launch of the new .xxx domain is ripe with similar opportunities for would-be domain hijackers, and in this regard charities and not-for-profits should be proactive in protecting their trade-marks and domain names.
How to protect your name, brand
Applications to block or register a .xxx domain name must be submitted through an accredited registrar. A list of accredited registrars is available on the ICANN website at http://www.icann.org/en/registrars/accredited-list.html.
The process of disputing a domain name after it has been registered by a third party is costly and time-consuming. By comparison, blocking or registering a .xxx domain name beforehand is simple and affordable for most organizations. For this reason, charities and not-for-profit brand owners would be well advised to take advantage of this unique opportunity. More information is available on the ICM Registry's website at http://www.icmregistry.com/.
Colin Thurston is a student-at-law with Carters Professional Corporation. Contact him at 519-942-0001 x232, 877-542-0300, or by email.


Conservation partners have been working together in the Sandhills to improve grassland and wetland habitat on private and public lands. The condition of grasslands and wetlands in Nebraska's Sandhills are generally better than in many other areas, due in large part to the land ethic of the ranching community, which is committed to sustaining Sandhills cattle ranching for generations to come.
That's good news for the priority grassland bird species that nest here, including: Greater Prairie-Chickens, Sharp-tailed Grouse, Long-billed Curlews, Ferruginous Hawks, Northern Harriers, Loggerhead Shrikes, and Grasshopper Sparrows.
However, several threats to privately owned grasslands and wetland were affecting the quality of both rangeland and bird habitat. In many areas, eastern red cedar trees have encroached on grasslands, fragmenting open habitat, shading out grasses, and reducing the grazing potential of the land. In addition, the quality of some Sandhills wetlands declined because of low groundwater levels, resulting from eroded drainage ditches. In other wetlands, invasive species – especially common carp – reduced water quality.
A $300,000 grant to the RWBJV from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation has helped conservation partners – led by the Sandhills Task Force – begin to tackled these challenges. Funds have been used to remove nearly 10,000 acres of eastern red cedars from privately owned grasslands and to remove carp from privately owned wetlands, thus improving water quality and habitat for waterfowl and shorebirds.
On National Forest Service land in the Sandhills, rotational grazing systems contribute to profitable ranching in the region while also helping to manage grassland habitat. Funding from the grant helped provide infrastructure – perimeter fence, cross-fence, and livestock water sources – to improve rotational grazing in the McKelvie National Forest and to remove eastern red cedars from over 5,000 acres of grassland.
Matching contributions for the grant came from the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Partners for Fish and Wildlife program, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the Sandhills Task Force, the Rainwater Basin Joint Venture and private landowners in the Sandhills.


Man, I'm going to miss this place. Just as I was starting to feel settled and get closer to the people I've met here, it's time for me to leave. That always seems to be the case.
I've said a lot of hellos and goodbyes throughout the past few years when moving from Massachusetts to Rhode Island to Florida to Texas. I'm looking forward to this next part of the journey, though. I'm going to be reuniting with friends in Florida and starting a new job. It'll be my first full-time job and the first time I'll have an apartment that I can truly call my own.
When I arrived in Texas, I felt overwhelmed and scared. Everything seemed so sprawling, so unfamiliar. But with time, my familiarity grew, as did my fondness for the city. That's what's so great about traveling — you're faced with the challenge of stepping outside your comfort circle and exploring new territories that you may have never thought you'd like. I've often thought that being a journalist is the best way to get to know a place because it forces you to get out and find story ideas, meet people, and build sources. As you explore, you have to learn to embrace the wrong turns and the unreliable directions because, really, it's in getting lost that we find our way.
I'm hoping I can find my way back to St. Petersburg, Fla. I start my 18-hour road trip Wednesday morning and will be stopping halfway in New Orleans before arriving in Florida on Thursday. My departure is bittersweet. I like to think of it as more of a "so long" than a goodbye. I know I'll run into some of the people I met in Dallas at some point in the future and that we'll keep in touch. Already, two of my Dallas friends are coming to St. Petersburg next month — one for a wedding and one for a Poynter seminar. "So longs" are never fun, but they often yield new friends, new beginnings and much-needed reunions.
Thanks, Dallas Morning News friends, for a memorable three months. I'll miss you.


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The Whiteboard: For Papa John's, moving on from the person, but not the name
By: David Taylor
Being the top executive of your company and the front man for the brand at the same time is always a risky proposition. A CEO has to make unpopular decisions at times and his business priorities may not fit perfectly with the demands of being the face of the brand. Every statement is highly scrutinized and mistakes, big and small, can weigh heavily on public perception.
Papa John's founder John Schnatter served for years as a likable pitchman for the growing pizza brand that challenged Pizza Hut and Domino's for a significant share of the take-out and delivery pizza market. Though he shared the spotlight with the likes of Peyton Manning and others, Schnatter was the center of the brand's messaging for more than a decade as it grew to national prominence.
Unfortunately, Schnatter proved to be a public relations nightmare for his company as well, wading into political issues including health care and NFL players kneeling for the national anthem. When his commentary took a turn toward racism with the use of the N-word, he was soon ousted from his executive roles. The company then began playing defense against what once had been its greatest branding asset.
Now the brand faces the most delicate of balancing acts — keep the brand name, but get rid of the guy it's named after. Anything this complicated requires a strategic process, and the brand started out correctly by first accepting blame for the situation. In one ad in the fall of 2018, the company acknowledged the criticism, saying: "You expected better from Papa John's. So did we. Thank you for your anger … criticism … honesty. It is making us better."
Subsequent advertising tried a short-lived tactic of diluting the power of the name "John" by suggesting that the company was made up of many people. "You've heard one voice of Papa John's for a long time," an employee said in a TV spot, "It's time you heard from all of us." At the end of the spot, a list of alternative names rolled by including Papa Kiersten's, Papa Brant's and Papa Daniel's.
Of course, a litany of alternative names to replace the bad actor isn't a long-term strategy; it just serves to begin redefining that when they say, "Papa John," they don't mean that "Papa John." (One subtle move by the company has been to register the trademark without the apostrophe in "John's.")
In April, the brand made a big step toward demonstrating its commitment to inclusiveness by naming Shaquille O'Neal, who is African-American, to its board of directors. The company also signed him to a three-year contract as a brand ambassador and an investor in nine store locations. The popular "Shaq" is a seasoned pitchman and has a Q Score that is at the top of the charts. It's a wise strategy for Papa John's to make such an overt choice for a new face of the brand.
So the process rolls on. Sales were down before Schnatter's racist statements became public, and the brand continues to attempt to rebuild lost market share. It is slowly putting distance between itself and its founder. The high-wire act of "keep-the-name-but-lose-the-namesake" continues. Shaq is likely part of the solution, but there's a long way to go to take the Papa John out of Papa John's.
David Taylor (File photo)
David Taylor is president of Lancaster-based Taylor Brand Group, which specializes in brand development and marketing technology. Contact him via www.taylorbrandgroup.com.
branding CEO John Schnatter Papa John's public image	12:54 pm Fri, May 10, 2019 CPBJ
Becca Oken-Tatum
Gettysburg Bike Week
"Church Basement Ladies"
3rd Annual Swatara Food & Brew Weekend


Scrumpy Scruffyfoot is a 22 year old, Small sized, Male Halfling, Lightfoot. He stands 3' 1" tall and weighs 35 pounds. His world view is Neutral in nature.
Deft Hands — You have exceptional manual dexterity.
Tower Shield Proficiency — You are proficient with Tower Shields.
Two-Weapon Defense — Your two-weapon fighting style bolsters your defense as well as your offense.
Two-Weapon Fighting — Your penalties for fighting with two weapons are reduced by two (PH102).
Weapon Finesse — You can use Dex mod on melee attack rolls with light weapons, rapiers, whips, and spiked chains. (PH102).
Barak of CMP for the original sheet code and design. Rlphay for beta testing, bug reports, and the initial intelligent items section. Thrombin for the original Turning table, sections of the Spell Table, Touch AC code, Spell Prep corrections, Companion fix for Natural Armor and Epic bonus. Lestat for sections of the Spell Table.
The Satyr is a sign of animal energy, an exultant sign representing joy in one's own strength and the freedom to exercise it. Those born with the Satyr as their birthsign enjoy life to the full. They can sometimes annoy people by taking nothing seriously. When they are in the mood to be cruel they can be visiously sadistic in the name of their own fun.
Benefit: +2 luck bonus a single Will saving throw or temporary hit points (+1 / level) lasting 5 rounds. 1 of these can be invoked once per game session.


Last year my husband and I went on our first cruise. We earned the trip as the LuLaRoe incentive trip. It was an amazing experience! Here's my review of the Carnival Splendor.
This was our first time cruising and just stepping onto the ship we were overwhelmed. The boarding process was simple enough – it was made more difficult by being part of LuLaRoe but I don't blame that on the cruise line.
When we got on board we went and found our room, we boarded pretty early and it was already ready for us. I like to board early and take advantage of the extra time while in port to tour the ship.
We were in an interior cabin – it was larger than I expected it to be. There was a king size bed, a closet, a desk and a small bathroom.
So, you all know, I'm all about the food. The ship did not disappoint. I'm cheap so we only ate at free restaurants.
If you haven't been on a cruise before, there is food constantly. Many people don't realize that you can eat in the dining room for free – not just the buffet.
The buffet was good – nothing spectacular but plenty of choices, especially for Sean who is hard to please.
The dining room was really good. Almost everything that I tried was amazing, and I tried a lot. One tip that newbie cruisers don't know – in the dining room, you can order as much as you'd like, just order it all at once. If you want five steaks, go ahead.
The dining staff was spectacular. There was entertainment a few nights – think dining staff dancing and singing – for some reason it made me think of Beauty and the Beast with the staff dancing around. We loved our wait staff so much that we went to the same table every night so that we could have them.
Because this was a chartered cruise, not all entertainment options were available. We tried out some of the available options and had fun. Be sure and check the paper that they put in your room each night – it will tell you what is available the next day so you can plan out the fun!
The best activity that we did was a scavenger hunt. It required us to take photos with different items and people around the ship. It was fun and also gave us a chance to see parts of the ship we hadn't before.
Sean enjoyed some time at the Casino – I didn't try it much but he had some winnings.
For this cruise, we stopped in three ports – the Cayman Islands, Cozumel, and Belize. There was a scheduled fourth stop in Mahogany Bay but due to weather, the ship was unable to stop there.
In the Cayman Islands, we swam with dolphins and stingrays! It was amazing, and one of those experiences I think everyone should do at least once if you can.
We boarded a bus and took a quick ride to where the dolphins were. We got some safety instructions and then hopped in the water. The trainer is very close to you the whole time and explains things so it's easy to understand.
A quick tip – if you wear glasses or want to wear your sunglasses, bring a strap to hold them on. They don't allow you to wear any glasses without a strap and I'm sure it's cheaper to bring one then buy one there.
There are two different "tricks" that the dolphin does with you – one you grab its fin and it swims you through the water. The other, it puts its nose on your feet and pushes you.
After we swam with dolphins, we boarded a boat and took a short trip out to the sandbar. We got into the water and there were tons of stingrays swimming around us.
The guides showed you how to touch them. Sean was more keen on touching them than I was.
After that, we boarded the boat for a quick trip back to the dock. You could grab a snack from the cafe and then board the bus back to the cruise ship.
In Cozumel, we took a ferry across to mainland Mexico. We went on an underground cave tour.
The cave was amazing – don't take this excursion if you're claustrophobic, don't like water or bugs. We followed our tour guide down underground into the cave.
We were able to see natural formations and spent about an hour underground. The tour guide was very funny – telling us jokes the whole way. She was very patient, especially when we were unsure of where to step or how to do something.
Tip – if you are taking this excursion, bring a good pair of water shoes. They will make you wear some of their borrowed ones if you don't have good, hard soled ones.
After the trip through the cave, there was a lunch of traditional Mexican food. After lunch, they bussed us back to the beach where we had time to spend about an hour on the beach before boarding the ferry back to Cozumel.
In Belize, we decided to go see the Lamanai Ruins. These are not as famous as some of the other ruins but they are a shorter trip which is why we opted for them.
You board the bus – it's a long ride – about an hour by bus. The trip through Belize was pretty awesome though and the tour guide told us about the history and culture.
Next, you get off the bus and board a smaller boat. The boat ride was pretty short and speedy. Once there, you begin the hike into the ruins.
Tip – it's a long hike. Bring water, comfortable shoes, and sunscreen.
Once we got to the ruins we were able to see some of the smaller ones and climb to the top of a larger one.
I loved learning all the history, both of Belize and the ruins. This was a definite must do – choose at least one of the ruins to go see.
After that, we took the boat ride back and had a traditional lunch. Then back on the bus for the journey back to the cruise ship.
I think cruising is amazing! Sean and I both can't wait to go on our next one. The Carnival Splendor was a good ship, we didn't have any issues while on board. We loved the staff and the food. The excursions were amazing. I highly recommend booking a trip.
Have questions about Carnival Splendor? Want to send us on your cruise ship for a review? Drop me a message or head over to our group and discuss there.


Welcome to the 100 book challenge!
The #100book challenge began in 2017 as a project for classes to increase our reading for pleasure. Without noticing it, most of us were reading books by the same authors, and enjoying the same books that much younger children were. In order to challenge us and introduce us to new authors, Miss Reeves set up a 100 books for Y5/6 lending library. We still have access to it in our new Year 6 class, too!
We've upgraded to fairy lights, too!
We are nearly at the point where we have all 100 books, curated in a list by a teacher called Ashley Booth, and all of us have at some point used the lending library, whether it is just in class or as a book to take home. This year, we will all be given a new formal reading diary, and Miss Reeves hopes that some of us elect to use books from the #100book list as our home readers - there are some real corkers in there! Our hope is to share some of our favourites on the website without you.
Please see below the full list of the 100 books. Those marked with a * are some of Miss Reeves' personal favourites. Challenge yourself to read one you've never even heard of!
by Abi Elphinstone* Who Let the Gods Out?


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Stock futures hold slightly higher on Friday morning after the latest read on the labor market breezes past expectations.
Stock futures held slightly higher on Friday morning after the latest read on the labor market breezed past expectations.
S&P 500 futures were up 0.15%, Dow Jones Industrial Average futures added 0.22%, and Nasdaq futures climbed 0.12%.
The U.S. economy added 255,000 jobs in July, according to the Labor Department, far higher than an expected increase of 185,000. The U.S. unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.9%, higher than an expected decline to 4.8%. June's jobs gain was revised up to 292,000 form 287,000, while May's jobs were more than doubled to 24,000 from 11,000. Hourly wages rose 2.6%.
The U.S. trade deficit rose 8.7% in June to $44.5 billion. U.S. exports increased 0.3% and imports were up 1.9%, according to the Census Bureau.
LinkedIn (LNKD topped estimates in its recent quarter as it continued to boost its paid-for premium membership. The networking site's adjusted profit of $1.13 a share came in above forecasts of 78 cents a share. Revenue increased 31% to $932.7 million. Microsoft (MSFT - Get Report) is paying $26.2 billion to acquire LinkedIn, the companies announced in June, a deal which should close this year.
Zynga (ZNGA - Get Report) moved sharply lower after reporting a steady decline in average daily active users. The social game company, developer of Farmville, said active users fell 15% from a year earlier and average monthly users dropped 26%, while revenue declined 9% to $181.7 million, $10 million below forecasts.
Kraft Heinz (KHC - Get Report) exceeded profit estimates in its second quarter. The packaged foods company earned an adjusted 85 cents a share, above estimates of 73 cents, while revenue of $6.8 billion came in as expected. Kraft also increased its quarterly dividend to 60 cents a share from 57.5 cents.
Priceline (PCLN jumped 6% after reporting a solid second quarter and guiding for in-line third-quarter profit. The online travel agency earned an adjusted $13.93 a share, breezing past consensus of $12.67. Revenue climbed 12% to $2.56 billion but came in slightly short of estimates. Gross travel bookings climbed 19%, above estimates.
FireEye (FEYE - Get Report) slumped 15% in premarket trading after new chief executive Kevin Mandia announced plans to cut hundreds of jobs in restructuring efforts. The plans intend to reduce around $80 million in annual expenses. The exact number of layoffs are not yet known.
Symantec (SYMC - Get Report) bested quarterly forecasts on its top and bottom line. The cyber-security firm earned 29 cents a share in its first quarter, 4 cents above expectations. Revenue of $884 million was down just over 3%, though it beat consensus estimates by $7 million.


Durable silicone material, non-toxic, with no bad smell, environmentally friendly.
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