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All posts tagged: history
Sopranos and Soccer Stars: why I chose French
One of my great friends in Chambéry was an outspoken and inquisitive Italian named Elisabetta. We hung out practically every weekend, cooking with friends, watching movies, but we had rarely spent much time one-on-one, mainly because we were surrounded by so many wonderful friends. One weeknight during the February vacation, all our friends had returned home, were traveling, or had family visiting, and not wanting to waste an evening, we naturally made plans, just the two of us. After watching a movie (Alceste à Bicyclette, one of my favorites!), we were cleaning up from dinner when Betta, sponge in hand, said, "Okay, sorry. I have this song in my head so I just need to play it, do you mind?" "Well, we're in your house…by all means!!" And she put on the opening Witches chorus from Verdi's opera Macbeth. Being just elitist enough to want to wake up with opera stuck in my head, but uncultured enough to know next to nothing about it, I pretty much thought that was the greatest thing in the world.
ONE MONTHIVERSARY!
That's right, gang. It's June 15 which marks exactly one month since I arrived (May 15) and one month until I return (July 15). Pretty crazy, right?! Since I now have lived in two of the greatest nations' capital cities, I present to you the following lists to commemorate this momentously bittersweet occasion. Top Things Paris is doing better than DC 1) Bread. Step into any boulangerie and you'll smell what I mean. Unless you go for the artesanal Harris Teeter Bakery loaves, most of the bread we eat in the States is square and comes in a colorful bag. Which is not to say that stuff doesn't exist here because I guess some people make sandwiches out of it. The last bag of "pain de mie" we bought was actually called "American Sandwich" I kid you not. But that's because the French have even perfected the sandwich beyond what we can handle in America. Take a look at the popular baguette sandwich. Compact, flavorful, hearty, everything I love in a sandwich plus the added benefit of …
DC / France / Paris / Study Abroad
Visiting the Chateau de Versailles can feel daunting. There's a lot of pressure to "do it right" and "avoid the crowds" and "avoid weekends" and "go early"…….oops. Our attempt to mix these words of tour guide advice with our college student sleeping habits led to rolling out of bed and to the train station by 10:45 and arriving in the quaint city of Versailles around 11:30. It's so interesting, because as Americans, our history was founded in small wooden town halls by farmers and business men. Our concept of "American royalty" lies somewhere between George Washington and Beyoncé. And our most extravagant palaces are the big white marble buildings of DC or privately owned celebrity mansions. The Chateau of Versailles is completely foreign territory, and not just because it's in another country. I struggle to think of a way to describe it other than enormous and sparkly. No seriously. Everything is covered in gold. And that's just the outside.
France / Paris / Study Abroad
Le week-end de royauté
This past weekend was many things. Exhausting. Delicious. Shiny. Charming. Vast. Ridiculous… I spent a very large part of Saturday in VERSAILLES, touring the Chateau and Jardins there. I have overall a Ridiculous amount of information and pictures to share with you all, so I'm saving that particular journey for a future post. Here's a little teaser, to whet your appetite. After a very tiring Saturday, I decided to take a rest day…I met some friends at the beautiful Places des Vosges, thanks to Saida Dagata and my host mother for the recommendation!! La Place des Vosges (pronounced sort of like voj) is the oldest planned square in Paris, built in 1612. It's a perfectly symmetrical plaza, completely surrounded by identical buildings (called pavilions) and a big arcade walkway. Some really famous tenants have occupied the pavilions, including Victor Hugo (his building is now a museum), Cardinal Richelieu, and the seat of the Academy of Architecture! It's such a lovely and private square. I would love to go back to study or picnic or just hang …
Bonjour Westgate!!
Bonjour Third Grade, à Paris! (Hello, from Paris!) I've been here almost 2 weeks now, and I've been learning so much. Mrs. Donnelly told me you might want to learn about Paris too, so I made this post for you! This is the Eiffel Tower, the most famous building in all of France! In French we say La Tour Eiffel, but some people call it "la dame de fer" which means The Iron Lady. This monument was built in 1889 for the World's Fair in Paris. It's named after Gustave Eiffel, the man whose company was in charge of building it (his company also made the frame of the Statue of Liberty in New York City!).


While songs from his latest 17 tracks album "Mr. Love" is still dominating our playlists, singer – Skales resurfaces with another single titled "Shaking My Head (SMH)" to serve as a follow up tune to his most recent singles tagged "Body" featuring Ghanaian rapper – Sarkodie and "Fire Waist." featuring Tanzanian foremost singer – Harmonize.
The Baseline Music lead act continue to stay strong as there's no doubt that he has been part of the few artistes that have been consistent so far this year. The song was produced by Cmart.
Download Skales Shaking My Head Mp3.


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Q: Cauchy integration theorem proof My textbook reports the following result:
Given $f\colon A \subseteq \mathbb{C} \to \mathbb{C}$ holomorphic in the open simply connected set $A$, and given $\gamma\colon [a,b] \to A$ a simple closed and piecewise regular curve in $A$, then $\int_{\gamma} f(z)\,\text{d}z=0$.
Then, my textbook states that every closed piecewise regular curve is given by the union of a finite number of simple closed curves and simple open (namely non closed) curves.
Using the last fact, it expands the previous result to closed and piecewise regular curves (the relevant fact now is that there is no longer the "simple" condition).
I got it all, but I was wondering if exists a nice (and fast) manner of rigorously showing that every closed piecewise regular curve is given by the union of a finite number of simple closed curves and simple open curves.
Sorry for my english and thank you so much for your time!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Expires: April 19, 2019                              Cisco Systems, Inc.
rerouting events within the sub-domain.
which performs Path MTU Discovery (PMTUD) for a set of receivers.
paths and receivers within the sub-domain.
for certain flows as needed.


Rippling Clouds Great Emperor is slightly unexpected. Before they came here, they pushed forward the situation here.
Their prediction, Heavenly Dragon Sect is definitely to sing the opposite. It is necessary to give them a little lesson before they know that it is difficult to retreat.
As for Nine Suns Heavenly Sect, they feel that Nine Suns Heavenly Sect should be more interesting.
Today, Nine Suns Heavenly Sect is more vocal in tone, but the attitude is determined. Don't want to exclude their Nine Suns Heavenly Sect from the Agarwood Valley mystical place.
The Rippling Clouds Great Emperor was indulging for a moment, as if thinking about something.
This Rippling Clouds Great Emperor attitude turned a corner, a kind of overall attention but presented feeling.
However, Jiang Chen heard this hypocrisy to the performance of the loathsome, Jiang Chen suddenly flashed a hint of sorrow in the hearts.
This Pill Fire City, actually began to learn to perform, learned to cover the ambition of the owner in front of the public.
"It seems that this Pill Fire City is also looking for change." Jiang Chen's heart is stunned, such a Pill Fire City, perhaps even more terrible.
The power of arrogance is not terrible.
The terrible thing is that there are a lot of strategies, a lot of tricks, and the facial skin is still a thick influence.
The current Pill Fire City, the last time, actually began to change the strategy, no longer blindly, nor is it a powerful one.
Previously, Pill Fire City had repeatedly eaten in front of Jiang Chen.
As the first influence of Dao of Pill, Pill Fire City has always given people the feeling of arrogant power, so that the world cultivator, there are not many people who have a truly impression.
Because of the emergence of Colored Glass Imperial City, the status of Jiang Hu of Pill Fire City is almost plummeting.
However, a starved camel is still bigger than a horse, this Pill Fire City, if you realize the problem, start making changes and adjustments, such a Pill Fire City, will be more difficult.
Jiang Chen muttered, watching the performance of the Rippling Clouds Great Emperor.
Jiang Chen listened to the Rippling Clouds Great Emperor and was also stunned.
When did Pill Fire City become such great? Worried about World Monument Border? Worried about the fate of Human Race?
This is heard by Jiang Chen, it is simply the joke of huge.
Heavenly Dragon Sect is very determined.
This mystical place, recently rumored, everyone saw this Agarwood Valley mystical place, what treasures should be brewed.
As for the maintenance of the World Monument Border, for the fate of Human Race, these are nonsense.
These people have never been so great!
Rippling Clouds Great Emperor This is a loan to Long Baxiang.
That Long Baxiang also heard this meaning. He doesn't think Pill Fire City will fear his Heavenly Dragon Sect. But Pill Fire City may be ambitious and don't want to put the limit manpower and energy waste on fire.
Hearing these big influences, big sect, has been to boast shamelessly to discuss the distribution problem there, which makes the hearts of the Phoenix Cry Domain and Surrounding domains very unpleasant.
This Rippling Clouds Great Emperor is obviously ready for the road. When it comes to the words, the head is right, the rules are reasonable, and Jiang Chen is almost fooled.
However, have to say that this Rippling Clouds Great Emperor solution is very smart.
If you follow Pill Fire City past's acting style, it must be announced directly, and then other people are prohibited from entering.
Eating a single food is the most familiar rhythm of Pill Fire City.
But this time, they didn't do everything, but they proposed a blessed and shared proposal. This made Jiang Chen more vigilant.
This step by step is completely not the style of Pill Fire City beforehand.
As soon as this solution was proposed, Phoenix Cry Domain, as the owner of this, was assigned to many quotas.
The power of other people coming here, more or less, can be divided into some places.
Rippling Clouds Great Emperor's plan, obviously with the goal of fame and fortune. This program was put forward, and it really won a cheer.
Got the quota assignment of Pill Fire City. These people are equal to the confineient favour of Pill Fire City.
They have forgotten that Pill Fire City is here, in fact, there is no distribution right, the same is the strong dragon over the head snake. However, they allocate the benefit time and take care of everyone's interests.
Beforehand Heavenly Dragon Sect, is to want to eat alone!
Jiang Chen also does not know whether to laugh or cry.
Naturally, there is no sense of existence, it is not a bad thing for his present stage. Present stage he posing, conceals identity, naturally the lower the key, the less secure it is.
Quota assignment, it is not stingy.
It seems that in order to show that they respect the owner of the Phoenix Cry Domain, the number of places for the Phoenix Cry Domain is quite abundant.
The Purple Mist Sect, as the Phoenix Cry Domain big influence, is also assigned to the many quotas.
Pill Fire City's representative, an enters the stage, puts the Heavenly Dragon Sect's crest of wave down, and also smoothes the chaos on the scene. This makes all the forces on the scene very exciting, and can't wait for the mystical place to hurry. Open.
"Young Master, we don't have a place, what should we do?" Great Emperor Wushuang passes message.
Extreme Pill Great Emperor didn't come, Rippling Clouds Great Emperor led, such team, Jiang Chen was even more afraid.
The plan was allocated and there was no opinion on the spot.
The atmosphere of the gunpowder smell on the scene is also soothing a lot.
These words, obviously, are still seeking very much fame, trying to feel good.
Jiang Chen did not pay attention, but sat quietly on the side of the corner and observed the performance of these people. At the same time, he can almost conclude that he can.
What is the conspiracy, Jiang Chen can't seeing through now. Can not seeing through, Jiang Chen simply do not think too much. Step by step.
Sitting cross-legged, Jiang Chen judged the situation while waiting for the mystical place to open.
At night, Jiang Chen suddenly twitched his nose slightly, suddenly, smelling a strange flavor. This kind of taste, Jiang Chen seems to have heard it, but can't remember it for a while.
"Agarwood Valley, isn't it a nighttime quiet time, will it emit a delicate fragrance?" Jiang Chen felt a little embarrassed.
A valley, even if it is covered with strange flower, the fragrance should continue to stretch. During the day, clearly did not hear anything, but at the moment, this delicate fragrance, it came so suddenly.
"Where did I smell this fragrance?" Jiang Chen tried to dig this fragrance from his memory.
The increasingly rich fragrance, the other cultivator was also alarmed.
There are guesses about the opening of various brain holes.
But Jiang Chen, but his brain is quickly thinking about it.
He has an intuition, this fragrance, there must be something wrong!


text:
require File.expand_path("../../../../../base", __FILE__)

describe VagrantPlugins::CommandPlugin::Action::UpdateGems do
  let(:app) { lambda { |env| } }
  let(:env) {{
    ui: Vagrant::UI::Silent.new
  }}

  let(:manager) { double("manager") }

  subject { described_class.new(app, env) }

  before do
    Vagrant::Plugin::Manager.stub(instance: manager)
    manager.stub(installed_specs: [])
  end

  describe "#call" do
    it "should update all plugins if none are specified" do
      expect(manager).to receive(:update_plugins).with([]).once.and_return([])
      expect(manager).to receive(:installed_plugins).twice.and_return({})
      expect(app).to receive(:call).with(env).once
      subject.call(env)
    end

    it "should update specified plugins" do
      expect(manager).to receive(:update_plugins).with(["foo"]).once.and_return([])
      expect(manager).to receive(:installed_plugins).twice.and_return({})
      expect(app).to receive(:call).with(env).once

      env[:plugin_name] = ["foo"]
      subject.call(env)
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Thank you so much for supporting the Samaritan Center and the 19th Annual Samaritan Cup Golf Classic! With your help, we raised more than $48,000! You have made a difference in the lives of veterans and families in our community! What a wonderful day it turned out to be!
Click HERE for all of the pictures from the 19th Annual Samaritan Cup Golf Classic!
Matt MacWilliams received the Samaritan Spirit Award.
Special thanks to special guest speaker Ilario Pantano.
Thank you Eddie Karam and Sean Hanna for co-chairing the event!
See you all next year at the 20th Annual Samaritan Cup Golf Classic!


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HomeAboutPodcastNewsletterGuidesLoginProfile
Talk Money Guide
The Creator's Guide
Everything you need to know to navigate the Creator Economy. Get your stuff out there, build an audience and monetise your work.
Our comprehensive guides are like mini courses.
We use rich media to compliment the writing.
Guides are updated regularly.
Founder of Talk Money
I'm an investor and entrepreneur with a passion for making business education straightforward and entertaining.
I believe everyone should have the tools and knowledge necessary to understand their money. I started Talk Money to help educate others, demystify the world of finance, and break down complex business concepts. There's a lot of noise and complicated information out there: let's make it simple!
I didn't study business or finance in school — and I never worked on Wall Street — but I've been a student of investing since the height of the financial crisis in 2008. I was lucky to learn from incredible people who shared their knowledge with me. For the last 12 years I've been an investor. Now, I want to help provide financial education in a relatable, engaging and updated way.
Get your stuff out there
Build an audience
Monetize your work
According to a 2019 survey conducted by Lego, children today are three times more likely to aspire towards a career as a YouTuber than as an astronaut.
Being a "creator" is no longer a niche career path. There are maybe 50 million video, audio and/or text creators publishing content to the internet.
Influencer marketing firm Mediakix estimates that the market for these content creators and "influencers" is already worth $8 billion and could nearly double in size by 2022.
As COVID accelerates us into the e-commerce age and cameras, microphones and editing software become cheaper and more affordable, content creation is becoming a big opportunity for artists, broadcasters, marketers, instructors, and anyone else who has something to share or sell online.
What will you get from this guide?
This is a guide to succeeding as a creator in 2021.
It's based on my experience launching the Talk Money podcast, as well as the experiences of hundreds of other creators who I've either talked to or observed as I've ventured further into the world of content creation.
It also borrows tactics from growth marketing, which is a fancy term people in Silicon Valley use to describe the process of marketing something on the internet.
Not every passion is worth monetizing or turning into a job. Building even a small internet audience can take years of daily, constant effort and also luck.
Anyone who puts time and effort into creating content can benefit from this guide, but I want to speak to two kinds of person in particular:
Creators who are already making polished content but are having trouble finding an audience.
Influential people who have an existing offline audience they want to bring online by creating content for the internet.
Have huge internet audiences, usually focused around 1-2 channels
Are constantly experimenting with different ways to monetize their audience
Have some influence internet or pop culture
Might offer some kind of deep expertise into a particular subject or domain
Create extremely specific content for a niche audience
Are less interested in clout or influence than they are in making a modest income online
Get the guide now!
Become a member to access uncut and unreleased episodes of Talk Money, guides to everything from saving money to investing in cryptocurrency, and access to our forum.
Part 1: Make Authentic, Original Content, and Do it Consistently
"Don't try to be anybody who you're not," Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez told ABC News last year when they asked what some of her older colleagues might be doing wrong on social media.
Ocasio-Cortez had used social media to great effect a few months earlier when she became the youngest woman to ever serve in the U.S. Congress. If you ask her, the biggest problem with the way American politicians present themselves online today has to with authenticity.
"If you're an older woman, talk like an older woman talks," suggested Ocasio-Cortez. "If you don't know what a meme is, don't post a meme."
The internet can tell when you're faking it, in other words.
So how do you avoid that? If you ask influencers like Ocasio-Cortez, they'll tell you to make content that is authentic and original, and to be consistent about it.
What exactly is "authenticity"?
Being authentic has more to do with avoiding certain behaviours than it does with trying to do anything in particular. Your goal, to put it bluntly, is to avoid sounding like a phony.
So how do you do that?
Danielle Leslie of Course from Scratch, discusses Authenticity.
Danielle's full interview is available in your Talk Money Uncut podcast fee.
This doesn't mean you shouldn't copy people—"all great artists steal," as you might have heard—it just means you shouldn't try to sound exactly like someone else, or worse, pass other people's words or work off as your own.
When scripting a monologue, narration or an interview question, for example, consider first what it is that you want out of it.
What would you say in this situation if no one else was here listening or watching you? What is it about this person or topic that interests you, personally?
Talk like a human
It can be tempting to start overthinking, over-polishing and over-editing everything you do when you start producing content for an imagined audience. Don't.
Use your real voice when communicating with your audience—the one you use to talk on the phone with your friends. Avoid sounding like a press release.
Do what you're good at
One of the biggest temptations in blogging, vlogging, podcasting, tweeting—any kind of creative production online, really—is to jump on trends, to join into the conversation about something and be the first to comment on a new thing.
Engaging with your peers, the news cycle and what's going on in your industry is all well and good, but make sure you stick to what you know.
Be confident and contribute because you have something valuable to contribute on the topic, not just because you see other people talking about it.
There's a lot of content out there. One of the best ways to ensure you get lost in the noise is to be inconsistent and publish your content on an unreliable schedule.
This doesn't mean you need to publish new content every day. It just means you need to set your audience up with reasonable expectations about how often you'll be publishing.
How often should I publish?
If you're writing longform investigative features for magazines, it's obviously going to take you longer to produce one of those than it will to make a TikTok video. The actual frequency with which you publish is a lot less important than sustainability. Pick a cadence you know you can keep up, and then stick with it.
Start slow/small
It's far better to start at a slower pace and ramp up than to disappoint people with a sudden dropoff in content. Instead of immediately creating a daily podcast, for example, consider planning out and releasing a season of episodes instead.
Have a coherent vision and style
Creators have to experiment and be flexible, but one thing all the successful ones have in common is that they have a recognizable, familiar style and vision that their audience keeps returning for.
Think about your favorite movie director, musician, or chef even. They might occasionally switch their style up or reinvent themselves, but for the most part, you come back to their stuff because it's familiar and you want more.
Part 2: Finding and Growing an Audience
Making authentic, creative and original content won't help you much if you don't have an audience to deliver that content to.
This is the part of creating that can feel most frustrating to people who are new—especially people focused on their craft who don't consider themselves savvy marketers.
The best way to get over this feeling is to think methodically about who it is that you want to make content for, how you're going to engage with them, and which tools you're going to use to make all of this happen.
Li Jin discusses 1000 True Fans, and how we've entered a new era of building a business from one's passion.
Li Jin's full interview is available via your Talk Money Uncut Podcast Feed.
100 True Fans, by Li Jin
1000 True Fans, by Kevin Kelly
Zero in on your "perfect audience"
Imagine you were guaranteed an audience for the next thing you make—a video update, a podcast episode, an online course, whatever it is. Beyond your close friends and family, who would be the perfect audience for that thing?
The perfect audience member isn't just someone who sees your content and thinks it's okay. These are people who find great value in what you do, make an effort to follow your progress, and eagerly await the next thing you're working on.
Zeroing in on exactly who these people are is crucial to becoming a successful creator.
Doing so will inform everything from the style, format and content of your channel, to the guests you book, to the advertisers you take on, to the tactics you use to expand your audience.
Some other questions to ask about your ideal audience member include:
How old are they?
What's their income and career background?
Where do they live?
What are their hobbies?
What other, similar media do they like to consume? What websites do they visit? What brands do they like?
How do they prefer their media gets delivered to them? (Mobile? RSS feed? Email?)
Capture that audience
Going 'viral' and getting a few thousand or million engagements on a piece of content you create is exhilarating.
But make no mistake: getting views is not the same thing as having an audience.
Those people aren't necessarily going to tune into the next thing you publish—but that's exactly what the best audience builders are focused on: how many people are going to tune into the next thing (episode, video, lesson, whatever it is).
Briefly getting some attention is not enough: you need to capture an audience somehow—by getting them to hit "like" and "subscribe," to sign up for your newsletter, or mailing list, to follow you on Twitter, anything you can do to ensure that they'll pay attention to the next thing you do.
These days, the best way to make sure that you actually own your audience and that you aren't particularly dependent on one particular social media service or platform is to make sure you're reaching your audience using more than one channel.
Content marketer Julian Shapiro's writing is an excellent resource for people who are trying to find and capture an audience. Check out his Twitter threads about customer acquisition here and here for invaluable advice on this.
I've helped 400+ startups acquire customers.
Here's the framework I teach them—for ads, content, referrals, and product.
Hope this helps! A thread:
— Julian Shapiro (@Julian) January 30, 2021
Why "channels" are so important
Back when the internet was a much smaller place, there were a few big, dominant social media channels to choose from like Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and Twitter, and there was a lot more organic traffic and attention to go around.
These days the creator marketplace is a lot more crowded, the software and tools creators use to create have also multiplied, and so have the platforms they use to actually publish and distribute that content.
To make things even more complicated, creation tools today are also themselves platforms, like TikTok for example, where almost all of the creating, publishing and reacting that goes happens within the app itself.
To simplify things and acknowledge this disappearing distinction between tools and platforms, marketers will sometimes refer to these things as "channels" instead.
Being able to think creatively about channels is the key to getting your stuff in front of an internet audience today.
Using more than one channel is a great way to make sure you aren't particularly dependent on one for distribution, and it also maximizes your chances of finding an audience. So that's what we'll tackle in the next section: how to pick the right channels for your content.
Youtuber Ned Fulmer talks about how to think about which distribution channel is for you.
Ned Fulmer's full interview is available in your Talk Money Uncut podcast feed.
How to make each ad channel work, by @GrowthTactics
Part 3: Picking your channels
Here we're going to go over some of the popular channels used by creators today, their advantages and disadvantages, and how they might help you find an audience.
This isn't an exhaustive list like the one found at Side Hustle Stack, which is an excellent curated list of tools and platforms for creators, sneaker resellers, event organizers, restaurant workers, and everyone in between.
[Embed https://sidehustlestack.co/ share dialogue here]
Our goal here is to go over the most popular channels first, work our way to some of the more niche outlets that have popped up catering to specific creator types—podcasters, streamers, fitness coaches, etc.—and then help you decide which ones you're better off pursuing.
The Big Channels
One advantage to publishing on established platforms like YouTube is that you're probably already really familiar with them.
Most of us have watched YouTube videos and are vaguely familiar with the basics—what a provocative thumbnail and title looks like, for example, or what the typical length, style and format of a vlog is.
Watching existing YouTube videos and taking note of what you like and dislike about each one is probably the best thing you can do to learn more about the format.
Getting good at YouTube also requires a lot of homework, like reading up on the basics of videography, pro audio recording (check out our podcast guide for more on that) and lighting.
Thankfully most of this stuff is covered in detail in places like YouTube's Creator Academy, which offers courses on things like:
Choosing your equipment
Using lighting effectively
What to do before you shoot you first YouTube video
How to get discovered
How to grow your community
General key strategies for success
The downside to hopping on a popular platform like YouTube is that it's a crowded marketplace with a lot of competition. About 500 hours of content are uploaded to YouTube every minute.
As YouTuber PewDiePie points out, that means it's tough to start building an audience without getting a boost from an established YouTuber or getting some other kind of helping hand.
"Everyone has a secret, I'm sure. Maybe something they're ashamed of that they wouldn't admit," he suggests, recounting how as a YouTube beginner, he used to personally message commenters on other channels in the hopes that they would visit his.
YouTube is a crowded, noisy place, and you're probably going to have to come up with your unique method for getting people's attention—all while doing it in a sustainable, non-annoying way.
The Part-Time Youtuber Academy, by Ali Abdaal
More than 3 million links get shared every hour on Facebook. By some counts, it's an even more crowded platform than YouTube.
Facebook is also notoriously hard to keep up with as a creator, and it pays to stay up to date—not just with big picture stuff like what kinds of content the Facebook algorithm favors, but also basic things like the platform's preferred dimensions for images and video.
The solution is to be meticulous and targeted with all of the content you publish. Facebook is a platform where "microtargeting" reigns supreme. That means you need to figure out:
The best day and time of the week to publish content
What kinds of content performs well, and the best way to present that content
Who your users are: how old they are, where they live, what brands they like, etc.
Another important thing to note about Facebook is its increasingly pay to play nature. Organic reach—that is, traffic you don't pay for directly—has fallen on Facebook over the last decade, and paid engagements have skyrocketed.
If you've already created a Facebook page, one way to tackle all of these problems is to open up Facebook's ad creation tool, sorting through all of the different targeting options, and paying attention to all of the different targeting parameters that are available to you when you create an ad there, for example:
Whether you buy an ad or not, you're probably going to have to engage in some kind of targeting yourself, so becoming familiar with the way Facebook organizes and categorizes its users can be a huge help.
More than 5 million businesses regularly use Instagram to promote, write about and discuss their products. Instagram is big business.
At the same time, one of the hallmarks of a successful Instagram account is that it should feel effortless—that the images you're posting there are candid and real. But don't be fooled: a lot of work can go into achieving that effect.
Unlike YouTube, you might be able to get away with Instagramming on your smartphone—but that doesn't mean you won't have to learn some advanced photography and videography to do so.
Instagram's creator guide (PDF) is an excellent resource for getting the most out of your smartphone camera.
You'll also want to familiarize yourself with stories, one of the primary ways Instagram creators drive traffic to their pages, engage with their audience and keep their channel feeling lively and up to date.
Creator Advice: Experiment on IG Reels by @TZhongg
Creator Advice: Experiment on IG Reels
Just spoke to a creator who posted an IG Reel that got over 4 million views.
It converted into 19,800 new followers for him.
He's posted 68 Reels so far.
It only takes 1 video to blow up.
— TZ (Tiffany Zhong) 🏝 (@TZhongg) January 6, 2021
Given how new of a platform it is, TikTok has less of a set playbook than the bigger platforms covered above. (If you're new, check out this great Twitter thread by @TZhongg.)
I've been telling everyone to make TikTok videos.
Easiest platform to grow on right now.
Examples of people I'm advising to start posting on TikTok:
• Netflix director & actor
• sales legend
• finance influencer
Doesn't matter what you do or where you live.
— TZ (Tiffany Zhong) 🏝 (@TZhongg) December 10, 2020
It's great for amateurs who are just starting out and experimenting. But one thing that more established creators have found is that it's really easy to come off as forcing it or trying too hard to be on TikTok.
To avoid this, invest some time into seeing what is currently doing well on TikTok, familiarize yourself with the format, and try not to take yourself too seriously.
More reading: We studied 50+ startups on TikTok and here's what we found, by Li Jin
Unlike the above platforms, which involve publishing content at a set time, streaming platforms let you broadcast continuously to a real-time audience, creating opportunities for more continuous and intense engagement.
If you're looking for a place to experiment with streaming, Twitch's low barriers to entry and intuitive tools makes it hard to beat as a starting point.
In a few short years, Twitch has expanded far beyond its initial focus on video game streamers. Today you'll find artists, health and wellness streamers, local arts organizations, influencers, and a host of other creators are using Twitch to reach new audiences.
With the release of Twitch Studio Beta for MacOS, getting a stream started has never been easier.
The platform's Creator Camp also offers handy tutorials on everything from picking a streaming setup and personal branding, to retaining new viewers, to connecting with other users on Twitch.
This guide treats creating, publishing and monetizing content as three separate activities.
Popular with filmmakers, vloggers, cartoonists, writers, activists, influencers and more, Patreon is a great option if you want to do all three of these things using just one tool.
It might not be the biggest social network, but Twitter is still the platform of choice for writers, journalists, business influencers and comedians for a reason: it's a great way to share ideas and start a conversation fast.
How to use Twitter, by Julian Shapiro
Although Spotify doesn't let just anyone create an artists profile on their platform—you still have to go through a distributor to do that—it's becoming more similar to open platforms like Soundcloud and YouTube by the day.
Today anyone can create a Spotify podcast, for example. Given the platform's increasingly important place in the music and podcasting ecosystem, it's hard to ignore if you're a creator focused on audio.
The less obvious ones
This might not immediately strike you as a "creator" platform—but it is!
Take Pinterest creator UnconventionalSouthernBelle, who uses the platform to publish boards about fashion, business advice, blogging, and other topics. Or Joy Cho, an art and fashion influencer with more than 14 million followers on the platform.
Even brands have found a way to leverage Pinterest's unique inspiration board-based interface—take Lonely Planet for example, which regularly posts travel tips, trivia, destination ideas and loads of other content to the platform.
Pinterest: Pinterest for Creators
Later: How to Use Pinterest's New Story Pins for Creators
NeilPatel: The Ultimate Pinterest Marketing Guide
Discord is a video, voice and text chat tool all rolled up into one. The way that conversations are organized in the app also closely mirrors Slack, which makes it a great tool for encouraging sustained engagement and conversation.
Discord has become particularly popular in the streaming community in recent years, and for good reason: it's a simple, straightforward tool that lets you set up and manage a community of users quickly.
If you already have fans and are looking for a quick way to "onboard" them, Discord is hard to beat.
MakeUseOf: How to Get Started With Discord: A Beginner's Guide
Tom's Guide: Discord: Everything You Need to Know
ChameleonCollective: 6 Steps to Build an Engaged Discord Community
Looking for a higher-quality, more reliable video streaming platform for your documentary, shortfilm or even feature-length filmmaking?
Look no further than Vimeo, which in recent years has transformed from a simple HD video streaming service into a full-service content publishing and monetization platform for amateur and professional filmmakers alike.
ClipChamp: The Ultimate Guide to Vimeo Videos
LifeWire: What Is Vimeo? An Intro
This is another platform that creators might overlook, but make no mistake: marketers, influencers and creators have all used Quora to great effect over the recent years. Take Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales, who maintains an active presence on the platform and has amassed more than 380,000 followers in the process.
Jeff Bullas: How to Use Quora Marketing to Grow Your Influence
Ladder.io: Quora Growth Hacks
One Year To Freedom: Building a Successful Presence on Quora
The 'niche' ones
One of the biggest developments in the creator economy over the last few years has been the explosion of smaller, genre-specific channels that are tailored towards particular creator types: newsletter writers, streamers, fitness instructors, etc.
It's important not to overlook these smaller platforms when you're first starting out—below, we're going to list some of them by creator type.
Newsletter and email publishing tools like Substack, Revue (recently acquired by Twitter) and ConvertKit have all grown increasingly popular over the years as writers scramble to own and monetize their audiences more.
If you're all set for tools and are just looking for someone to teach you how to become a better writer, David Perell's 'Write of Passage' course can be an excellent resource.
Be sure to also check out Andrew Wilkinson's excellent Twitter thread on the importance of a healthy email newsletter here.
Would you rather have 100,000 email newsletter subscribers growing 15% a year ✉
1 million followers on Twitter growing 50% a year? 📶
For me, I would 1000% take the email subscribers.
That seems insane. Read on to find out why... 👇
— Andrew Wilkinson (@awilkinson) February 8, 2021
Specialized publishing platforms with built-in audiences like WattPad, Tumblr and Medium are particularly good for discovery, which can be a big hurdle for writers who are just starting out and looking for their first audience.
Finally, with the rise of the SEO content industry, tools and platforms for traditional blogging like WordPress and Ghost remain as popular as ever.
Video and Streaming
Video editing tools like inVideo and PlayPlay can help you edit footage from your phone, for your Instagram story about illegally shopping at the Hudson Yards, for example.
Graphics editors like Kapwing, music streaming platforms like Triller, and streaming tools like Restream and StreamElements are all aimed at a creator demographic stranded in their homes with a MacBook Pro and not much else.
Kapwing: Getting Started with the Kapwing Studio
Mashable: How to use Triller, the popular alternative to TikTok
Restream: How To Multistream: Guide to Multistreaming
Photography and Design
Don't have an expensive subscription to the Adobe suite? Online photo editors like Pixlr and Fotor and design tools like Canva, Snappa and PhotoRoom can fill the gap.
Need to turn a video into a GIF or a shareable snippet? Tools like Giphy, Gfycat and Pinata have you covered. Need advanced animations and editing tools for Instagram stories? Check out Mojo, VSCO, Later and Unfold.
Twitter thread: How to get started with Figma
Podcasting, Audio and Music
Looking for a podcasting tool that is truly all in one? The new Descript app, which lets you handle audio and video editing, transcription and collaboration all in one tool, might be worth checking out.
Need access to stock music, loops or samples? Artlist, Soundtrap, Landr, Splice and BeatStars could come in handy.
Need to host your podcast somewhere? PodBean, Megaphone and Anchor might be what you need.
And of course, don't forget to check out our Guide to Podcasting, where we dive deep on what you need to know to become a successful podcaster.
Be sure to also check out investor and podcaster Jason Calacanis' Twitter thread about what he learned after recording his first 1,200 podcasts here.
Podcasting tips form someone who has recorded 1,200 episodes and who hosts 2 of the top 10 tech podcasts:
1. Audio quality is critical. You need the best hardware, software, and post production. get this perfect or don't bother starting a podcast.
— jason@calacanis.com (@Jason) February 7, 2021
Online courses, fitness and coaching
Recently there's been an explosion in tools and platforms geared towards educators, teachers, tutors, and anyone else interested in creating an online course.
Platforms like Kajabi, Teachable, SkillShare and Udemy are all worth checking out if that's the direction you're heading, making it easy to plan, promote, organize and monetize lessons.
If you're focused specifically on fitness and/or coaching, tools like Playbook, Salut, Strydal and Walden have all become popular with trainers in recent years, and might be worth checking out as well.
Danielle Leslie discussing how you can create a course for anything.
Danielle Leslie's full interview is available in your Talk Money podcast feed.
Part 4: Monetize
So you're producing content and you have an audience consuming it. What next? You need to find a way to monetize.
Strategy #1: Ask for a one-time payment
If you all you need is a one-time cash infusion and you don't think you have enough content to start selling memberships or subscriptions, consider starting up a one-time fundraiser or asking your audience for tips.
Popular tools for this option include: Kickstarter, Indiegogo, GoFundMe, Ko-fi, Buy Me a Coffee
Strategy #2: Sell advertising
Facebook, Instagram and YouTube already do this when you post your content to their platforms, but that doesn't mean you can't sell ads against your own content too.
Depending on the size of your audience, ad network sales, sponsored content and product placement can all be great ways to monetize an existing content stream.
Strategy #3: Sell subscriptions
A one time donation or ad sale is great, but if you plan on making content in the long run you're probably even better off selling your audience on some kind of subscription or membership.
Properly setting one of these up can mean the difference between having a hobby and a career, providing you with long-term revenue and allowing you to spend less time monetizing your craft and more time actually doing it.
Popular subscription-building tools for creators include: Patreon, Twitch, Youtube Channel Memberships and Supercast.
Strategy #4: Produce physical media and merch
If you've ever been in a band, you know how useful physical merch sales can be when looking for additional revenue streams.
Merch can be inexpensive to produce, add variety to your product offering, and it's also usually something fans want anyway—to take away from an in-person meet and greet, to show their allegiance to your art, etc.
When it comes to developing unique creator merch, it helps to be expansive in your thinking and to try to do something more original than a branded t-shirt. Other popular forms of merch include:
Services and tools like Fanjoy, Teespring, DFTBA, Represent, CrowdMade, MerchLabs and Instaco can be a huge help when producing physical merch.
Strategy #5: Build and cultivate a community of users
Whether you're a celebrity, an influencer, or a Twitch streamer with a modest following, Live and virtual events, VIP meetups and fan clubs have always been great ways to activate and engage a fanbase.
Popular tools for organizing and encouraging fan communities include: Vibely, MightyNetwork, Zebra, Community, DSM, Circle, Discipline, Media, Oooh.tv, Laylo, Geneva Chat, Bunches, Commsor, Discord and Wavium.
Strategy #6: Join an influencer agency
If your audience is big enough and you consider yourself an influencer, you might be able to get some help monetizing your brand from an influencer agency.
These companies usually have partnerships and relationships with big brands, and joining one can be a great way to outsource the monetization question to a professional.
Some popular influencer marketing agencies include: Mediakix, Pulse Advertising, WHOSAY, Everywhere, Grin, Captiv8, AspireIQ, Tapinfluence, Klear, The Shelf, CreatorIQ, Arthouse, The Plug, Pixlee, Collectively and theAmplify.
More creator monetization tips
How big does an audience have to be to monetize it?
It really depends on how much you think you can earn for every follower, listener or viewer. The larger that amount is, the smaller audience you'll need to monetize.
Li Jin talks about monetizing small audiences vs large audiences.
Li Jin's full interview is available in your Talk Money Uncut Podcast Feed
Pricing: how should it work?
Pricing is where understanding your audience can really pay off—charging too much can turn your audience off, while setting the price too low can mean you're leaving a lot of value on the table.
Some important questions to ask yourself when wrestling with the pricing question include:
How much do you need for this to be profitable?
What do other similar creators charge?
What's the actual value of what you're offering people?
Li Jin discussing different ways to think about pricing
Think offline
Internet users have a lot of ad fatigue these days. One way to engage new audiences and potentially bring in new paying users is through lower-tech, offline methods.
When marketing your newly-monetized content stream, think about placing ads in traditional media, like local radio ads, TV ads and billboards.
You'd be surprised at how reasonably priced some of these options can be, and the "clickthrough" rate on in-person advertising like bus and subway cards, physical handouts/brochures and physical mail can be orders of magnitude higher than web advertising.
Get all the basic, not-sexy marketing stuff right
Approach your operation like a marketer would and start taking care of the less glamorous parts of your content marketing operation.
Have you started building out your email list yet? Are you keeping active on multiple social media platforms? How often are similar creators posting? Are you matching their pace?
Talk to your audience and tell them what to do
Creators are often scared of sounding too much like they have something to sell to their audience, but the truth is that often the best way to get your audience to do something is to just ask them. No one is going to read your mind here.
If you want all of your Twitter followers to follow you on Instagram, tell them to do it.
If you have a new subscription or product that you want your audience to buy, tell them to do it. Don't be afraid of advertising yourself to your own audience.
Creator Case Study #1: Domino Santantonio
Who are they:
Domino Santantonio is a professional drummer from Montreal, Canada who posts videos of herself playing covers of songs by popular artists like Dua Lipa and Ariana Grande.
YouTube: @DominoDrum
TikTok: @dominosantantonio
How they got started:
Santantonio's been posting videos to YouTube since 2013, but her channel didn't really take off until last year's COVID shutdown, when a friend started encouraging her to post to TikTok.
"[I thought] 'Well, I only use TikTok for cats and dog videos.' But then one night, I was like, 'maybe I could give it a try,'" she told Global News, which turned out to be a great decision.
Her first TikTok video—a play-along to Shakira's 'Hips Don't Lie'—got millions of views within a few hours. Her TikTok now has over half a million followers, and her YouTube following has also swelled by tens of thousands.
After appearing in the company's 'It Starts on TikTok' marketing campaign, Santantonio is now committed to building out her presence as a creator, and plans to combine it with her professional drumming practice once she starts playing gigs again.
"I want to film myself, in live shows, and show this other side of my career, that I haven't been able to show the crowd since the last year," she said.
What they're already doing well:
Santantonio is a classic example of a creator leveraging multiple channels to maximize their chances of capturing an audience.
The moment she started to find success on TikTok, she started posting longer-format YouTube play-alongs as well, giving her newly-found TikTok audience somewhere to go.
The people reacting to and commenting under Santantonio's videos frequently refer to how genuinely excited and happy she seems to be when performing.
This is a perfect case study in how being genuinely excited about the content your putting out can be contagious.
Since her initial success on TikTok, Santantonio has followed a consistent publishing schedule, releasing new YouTube videos at least once a month and publishing new TikTok videos once every few days.
What they could do next:
Although she's already found hundreds of thousands of followers, Santantonio could probably drive even more if she included more calls to action—i.e. reminders to like, share and subscribe—in her videos.
She could also start exploring the other parts of the drummer/musician ecosystem on TikTok and YouTube, and consider collaborating and cross-promoting her channel with other more established creators.
Selling content
Dominoes audience is probably large enough for her to start selling some kind of niche, personalized content—a drumming course, perhaps, or subscriptions to exclusive content like behind the scenes content, longer versions of covers, unreleased videos, etc.
Creator Case Study #2: Xue Zhaofeng
Xue Zhaofeng is a professor and independent economist from Beijing, China who publishes an economics course series on iGet, a paid "knowledge-sharing platform" that is popular in China.
Professor Xue made waves in 2018 when his course became the most popular one on the platform, attracting an audience of more than 250,000 students, netting him millions of dollars in annual revenue and leading him to leave his economics professorship at the prestigious Peking University.
Professor Xue was already a popular economics teacher at Peking University, with students praising him for his ability to translate complicated topics into simple, easy to understand language and examples.
Moving his teaching over to the iGet platform probably didn't involve a lot of new content creation—he was just moving it from one platform (the university) onto another, larger one (iGet).
Sell subscriptions
iGet sells one-year course subscriptions for 199 RMB, or about 30 USD. That's much less than students would have paid Professor Xue in course fees to teach them at a university, but it also netted him much more revenue than he would have if he had stayed at Peking University.
It really makes you think how many more academics and professionals there are out there like Professor Xue, who could be bringing in a whole lot more revenue by considering a different monetization model.
The content of undergraduate economics courses doesn't change much year-to-year, so Professor Xue might be able to reuse most of the content from his course every year, leaving time and space to create more, complementary content like study guides, textbooks, and other more advanced courses.
Professor Xue could also find entire new audiences by creating literally no additional content at all by simply expanding his course to a second platform. For example, he could partner with a translator and try to bring the course to an English speaking audience.
Creator Case Study #3: Alex Ainouz
Alex Ainouz is a YouTuber from Paris, France who publishes informative videos about French cooking techniques, culinary experiments, and recipes aimed at kitchen beginners.
YouTube: @FrenchGuyCooking
Twitter: @frenchguycookin
Instagram: @frenchguycooking
Facebook: @frenchguycooking
Back in 2013 when he was still working his dayjob at a digital marketing agency, Ainouz decided to combine his love of photography and cooking with the skills he was learning managing his clients' social media accounts.
After initially struggling to attract an audience, he entered and placed third in a YouTube competition run by celebrity chef Jamie Oliver, netting Ainouz thousands of followers in a single day and turning him into a YouTube cooking celebrity.
The celebrity cosign
Jamie Oliver isn't the only celebrity chef Ainouz has gotten a boost from. In 2018, legendary French chef Jacques Pepin responded to one of Ainouz's omelette recipes. Last year a famous Italian pizzaiolo sent a similar response to a video Ainouz made about pizza, and a few months later a professional chef let Ainouz film a video about sauces in his three Michelin star kitchen in Paris.
Ainouz has mastered cross-promotion, using collaborations and shout outs to enter into conversations with experts in his field and exposing him to new audiences.
Original and genuine
It's difficult to categorize or put videos that Ainouz posts to his channel into a box. They aren't quite recipes, the videos aren't instructional like the other celebrity chef videos you're used to watching, and what he's making isn't quite a food documentary either.
Ainouz's videos are about his passion and curiosity for food. They're just as much about custom kitchen knives and sourcing really good black pepper as they are about him: his obsessiveness, his mistakes and frustrations, and the genuine joy he seems to feel when he learns something new. Ainouz's enthusiasm is infectious.
Simple monetization model
Ainouz's channel uses ads to monetize, but he doesn't hit you over the head with them, which is wise considering how add-filled the platform has become in recent years. He sticks to one corporate sponsor per episode, briefly shouting them out at the beginning of the video and then inserting a longer ad read somewhere near the middle.
These ad reads are effective but also unintrusive: they're separate from the rest of the video, but they also usually feature Ainouz himself talking about or even walking the viewer through the product. In a recent episode sponsored by NordVPN, he walks the viewer through the company's website and product sitting in front of his computer. They're good ads mainly because they don't feel like ads.
Ainouz also has a Patreon—but again, he doesn't beat you over the head with it, and you wouldn't know it as a casual viewer. Usually the sign you see of it is in the credits, where Ainouz thanks his Patrons.
Airtight execution
Ainouz is clearly a really savvy marketer who knows how to capture and engage an audience, and has an impeccable attention to detail.
He does all the little things right: mentioning and encouraging you to watch his other videos whenever appropriate, constantly engaging with comments and messages from his viewers, and confidently reminding his viewers to do things like sign up for his newsletter in the comments, for example.
Ainouz's system is really hard to critique: he's on every major social network, he posts regularly, he keeps his content fresh and experimental by imbuing it with his enthusiasm and curiosity, and he gives his viewers every opportunity to support, engage with and react to his content.
Although Ainouz isn't a typical celebrity chef, he's already taken huge steps in that direction, releasing a Jamie Oliver-endorsed cookbook and swapping vlogs with culinary greats like Jacques Pepin.
One logical next step would be to borrow a page from other popular chefs on YouTube like the Dumpling Sisters or Bon Appetit's Brad Leone and start posting recipes and other more typical chef creator content—to his own channel or to another dedicated recipe channel.
One other thing that you see in other food-related YouTube content that you don't see in Ainouz's is other people. Getting help from other on-screen talent could help him diversify his content while also taking some pressure off of Ainouz's shoulders.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Rambo III is possibly the dumbest movie I have ever seen. Many people give the second movie stick for being over the top, well this film takes it over the top and just keeps going. I was stunned by how dumb this movie was and when people talk about 'dumb action movies' this is the movie they should be talking about.
After the events of the previous film, Rambo has taken himself to a monastery in Thailand where he is once again looked to be recruited by Colonel Trautman for a dangerous mission. It seems that the Russians are trying to destroy the people of Afghanistan and they need Rambo to help deliver weaponry to fight the evil Russian enemy. Rambo refuses and going alone Trautman is captured. This leads to Rambo going in to rescue his friend and help the people of Afghanistan in an all-out battle of bullets, explosions and testosterone.
Now, I will start by addressing the elephant in the room which of course is that technically Rambo helps the Afghan forces defeat the Russians and helps supply them with weaponry. In the context of its time the Afghan people were not enemy and so watching this back post 9/11 is a little strange to say the least. However, it does leave a bitter taste in the mouth, but I can mark this simply to 'Product of its Time' and just carry on.
After getting that out of the way, the rest of the film is (as I said) the dumbest movie I have ever watched. It is not surprising that Hot Shots used this film as a template for making fun of for its sequel as the stupidity almost writes itself. Stallone is more wooden here than ever and I am not surprised that he won the Razzie for Worst Actor for what is an appalling showing throughout.
The film itself is all over the place and I don't even know what I am supposed to make of it. At times I was shocked at just how ludicrous and hammy most of it was. Whereas in the second film the evil Russians were wonderfully over the top these ones were almost Pantomime levels of bad. This was the kind of film that Tommy Wiseau would mock as bad filmmaking. The action is fine if you were looking for just Boom and Explosions, but the rest of the film is just appallingly bad.
As with the other two releases the film comes with multiple extras which is nice, though as I have always said there's nothing worse than watching a load of extras for a bad film. The Commentary by Director Peter MacDonald is fine for what it is. He was able to talk about how the film was made and make it interesting which was nice. The final part of Rambo takes the 80s is a great way to end this look at how Rambo affected that decade, although I would have preferred them release all three in one box set and just have this as one complete look at the Rambo phenomena. It also includes a short featurette 'Full Circle' which is basically the entire film condensed to six minutes with a dance beat over it. If you want to save youself about eighty minutes you could just watch this instead of the main feature.
Interview with Sylvester Stallone (like MacDonald's commentary) feels great like they were wanting to make a good film and there are some good intentions. He looks more at the original and how that was created and brushes over the two really quickly. Possibly, they knew what they were making was a dumb action film, but at the time that's what people wanted.
There is an Alternate Beginning which just throws you into an action scene with no rhyme or reason and is best that it wasn't there and over seven minutes of Deleted Scenes which don't really add much to the film.
Trautman & Rambo is a quick look at the two characters and is really a glorified trailer for the film. They also included the Original Trailer which is your typical 'show all the action' thing that most were like in the 1980s.
Rambo III is a sad end to what started off as a great franchise (though it did warrant a slightly better sequel in 2008 and an upcoming sequel too). Unfortunately, this is the very definition of a 'leave your brain at the door' film and it simply is not good enough with its story or acting to warrant more than one watch. If you like loud explosions then you might enjoy it, but if you want something more than this is not the film for you.


July 16, 2018 - Severe infections leading to hospitalizations during childhood are associated with lower school achievement in adolescence,reports a study in the July issue of The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal (PIDJ). The official journal of The European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases, PIDJ is published in the Lippincott portfolio by Wolters Kluwer.
In the nationwide study of nearly 600,000 Danish children, higher numbers of hospitalizations for infections were associated with a reduced probability of completing ninth grade, as well as with lower test scores, according to the new research by Ole Köhler-Fosberg, MD, of Aarhus University Hospital and colleagues. An expert commentary discusses the role of vaccination in the relationship between investment in health and protecting and improving "human capital."
Largest Study of the Link Between Childhood Infections and School Achievement The study included nationwide data of 598,553 children born in Denmark between 1987 and 1997. The researchers looked at two measures of childhood infections: hospital admission for infections, an indicator of moderate to severe infections; and prescriptions for anti-infective drugs (such as antibiotics) in primary care, reflecting less-severe infections.
These infection measures were analyzed for their association with two measures of later school achievement: completing ninth grade and average scores on the final ninth-grade school examinations. Overall, 91.5 percent of the children completed ninth grade. The associations were adjusted for other factors linked to school achievement, such as birthweight, mental and physical health, and parents' education and mental health.
Any hospital contact for infections was associated with an 18 percent reduction in the odds of completing ninth grade (the last year before secondary school in Denmark). The more hospitalizations for infections, the lower the odds of reaching this educational milestone - children with five or more infections requiring hospitalization had a 38 percent reduction in the odds of completing ninth grade.
Among children who completed ninth grade, hospitalization for infections was associated with a small but significant reduction in final exam scores. This relationship was affected by the timing as well as the number of infections, with the greatest impact on children hospitalized within the past year.
Primary care treatment with anti-infective drugs - indicating the presence of common, less-severe infections - was unrelated to the chances of completing ninth grade. In general, the study found that less-severe infections not requiring hospitalization did not affect the children's cognitive ability.
The study adds to a growing body of research linking poorer school achievement to an increased risk of adverse health and socioeconomic outcomes later in life. Aside from brain damage caused by serious infections like rubella or encephalitis, "there is growing awareness that a wider range of infections may have a more subtle and/or delayed impact on brain function," the researchers write. The study is the largest to date to analyze infections as a predictor of school achievement; it provides no evidence on any outcomes beyond school.
"Our findings extend our understanding regarding the association between particularly severe infections during childhood and adolescence and cognitive achievement," Dr. Köhler-Fosberg and coauthors conclude. They note that their findings might be explained by missed school days or socioeconomic factors associated with the susceptibility of acquiring infections.
The study is an "interesting and valuable" contribution to research into the interplay between health and education, write David E. Bloom PhD, and Andrew Stawasz, BSILR, in a commentary accompanying the new study. They discuss the association between health and human capital - an economic concept referring to "the skills and capacities embodied in people that have productive value."
The study adds to previous evidence that "vaccination can impact human capital through improving educational attainment and performance," Dr. Bloom and Mr. Stawasz write. These studies "suggest that the health generated by high vaccination rates is not just a consequence - but also a cause - of high income."
Click here to read "Childhood Infections and Subsequent School Achievement Among 598,553 Danish Children"
Now in its 36th year, of The European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID) forms the basis for European investigators interested in infectious diseases in children and infection prevention in childhood. The society is engaged in a number of activities including the organisation of multicentre trials, international exchange of infectious disease fellows, and an annual meeting. Membership includes subscription to The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal in addition to many other benefits.


text:
Fort Wayne Pol Won't Sign Anniversary Resolution For Girl Scouts
Does crazy go to "11?" I was just wondering, because I've heard so many similarly crazy things from Wingnut Nation in the past couple of weeks. Like this low-level politician from Fort Wayne who can't bring himself to be associated with the
8 years ago by Ed Scarce
Does crazy go to "11?" I was just wondering, because I've heard so many similarly crazy things from Wingnut Nation in the past couple of weeks. Like this low-level politician from Fort Wayne who can't bring himself to be associated with the scandalous abortion-loving, transgender-embracing Girl Scouts of America:
FORT WAYNE, Ind. (WANE) - A Fort Wayne lawmaker's refusing to sign a resolution to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Girl Scouts.
He says he chose not to because of things he uncovered about the organization while surfing the web. State Representative Bob Morris says he won't sign it because the organization supports abortion and homosexuality. But the Girl Scouts of Northern Indiana - Michiana says it doesn't do any of the above.
It was websites like Honest Girl Scouts and Speak Now Girl Scouts that persuaded Representative Bob Morris to not sign the resolution.
Morris sent a private letter to his party members over the weekend explaining why he'd be voting against celebrating the Girl Scouts 100th birthday.
"Mixed reaction and some eyes were opened," (R) State Rep. Morris said.
He says he doesn't have a problem with Girl Scout groups or troops locally here in Fort Wayne.
"The Girl Scouts of America 99.9 percent of them are great groups, great troops but the problem that I have is with Girl Scouts of America of the national level."
Some websites claim The Girl Scouts of America donate funds to Planned Parenthood.
The Girl Scouts of Northern Indiana - Michiana released this statement about it:
"Neither Girl Scouts of Northern Indiana - Michiana nor Girl Scouts USA have any relationship with Planned Parenthood. No funds are allocated to Planned Parenthood. Neither organization has a programmatic relationship with Planned Parenthood. Neither organization has plans for any relationship in the future."
Other sites also say The Girl Scouts promotes homosexuality by allowing transgender children to join troops
Abortion, Bob Morris, Girl Scouts, transgender
Why Bob Morris Doesn't Like The Girl Scouts
My Pillow Guy Apparently Urged Trump To Declare Martial Law
My Pillow salesman Mike Lindell visited Donald Trump in the White House Friday with some thoughts about keeping him in office, declaring martial law and blaming "China/Iran" for something.
By NewsHound Ellen
Qanon congressional members will be investigated regarding their possible involvement in the January 6th insurrection at the Capitol.
By Red Painter
Rep. Crow Promises QAnon Congressional Members Will Be Investigated
Rep. Jason Crow says no stone will go unturned in the investigation of the three QAnon Reps and their involvement in the MAGA Sedition Riot.
By Karoli Kuns


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Home » Mind Over Meds: Know When Drugs Are Necessary, When Alternatives Are Better-and When to Let Your Body Heal on Its Own (Paperback)
Mind Over Meds: Know When Drugs Are Necessary, When Alternatives Are Better-and When to Let Your Body Heal on Its Own (Paperback)
By MD Weil, Andrew
Too many Americans are taking too many drugs -- and it's costing us our health, happiness, and lives.
Prescription drug use in America has increased tenfold in the past 50 years, and over-the-counter drug use has risen just as dramatically. In addition to the dozens of medications we take to treat serious illnesses, we take drugs to help us sleep, to keep us awake, to keep our noses from running, our backs from aching, and our minds from racing. Name a symptom, there's a pill to suppress it.
Modern drugs can be miraculously life-saving, and many illnesses demand their use. But what happens when our reliance on powerful pharmaceuticals blinds us to their risks? Painful side effects and dependency are common, and adverse drug reactions are America's fourth leading cause of death.
In Mind over Meds, bestselling author Dr. Andrew Weil alerts readers to the problem of overmedication, and outlines when medicine is necessary, and when it is not. Dr. Weil examines how we came to be so drastically overmedicated, presents science that proves drugs aren't always the best option, and provides reliable integrative medicine approaches to treating common ailments like high blood pressure, allergies, depression, and even the common cold. With case histories, healthy alternative treatments, and input from other leading physicians, Mind over Meds is the go-to resource for anyone who is sick and tired of being sick and tired.
Andrew Weil, MD is the founder and director of the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine and a partner of True Food Kitchen. He is the author of several bestselling books, including Spontaneous Happiness, The Healthy Kitchen (coauthored with Rosie Daley), Healthy Aging, 8 Weeks to Optimum Health, and Spontaneous Healing. He lives in Tucson, AZ.
"Dr. Andrew Weil continues his multi-decade journey to educate the American public as to the importance of natural health and healing. This book should be required reading for all health practitioners and all people interested in optimal health."—Richard Carmona, MD, MPH, FACS, seventeenth Surgeon General of the United States
"Weil's revolutionary book casts a critical eye on modern medicine, examining the very serious risks that medicine can carry....Those who seek to understand the ramifications of overmedicating, are interested in the impact of modern medicine, or want to learn alternative therapies and how to take an active role in their health care will appreciate this book."—Library Journal
"Weil, who may be the nation's foremost advocate for integrative medicine...meticulously explains why the multitude of medicines prescribed in America is problematic....In all, a sensible approach to reducing what Weil correctly identifies as our 'excessive reliance on medication.'"—Booklist
Praise for Spontaneous Happiness
"A comprehensive roadmap for the prized path to true happiness...Weil provides sensible, accessible advice...Immensely beneficial information for those seeking a self-galvanized life lift."—Kirkus Reviews
"Weil's program aims for 'positive emotionality'-a far better destination than the roller-coaster ride between bliss and despair. This is more than a New Age prescription for contentment. Weil's revelations and insights from his own lifelong battle with depression lift this guide from a hip and clinical 'how to' to a generous and heartfelt 'here's how.'"—Publishers Weekly
"If you use this book as a tool to help you change your life, you might be surprised by what it can do for you."—Yahoo! Voices
"Spontaneous Happiness spells out some amazing guidelines on becoming a healthy individual."—Seattle Post Intelligencer
"Like all of his books, Spontaneous Happiness is a refreshing combination of clarity, science and practical wisdom. But it's also warm and, indeed, personal."—iVillage
"Weil...offers a new approach to thinking about happiness. The case studies and practical guidance here can help readers make life-changing decisions."—Library Journal
Publisher: Little, Brown Spark
Health & Fitness / Healthy Living
Health & Fitness / Alternative Therapies
Medical / Healing
Hardcover, Large Print (April 25th, 2017): $31.00
CD-Audio (April 25th, 2017): $30.00
Compact Disc (April 25th, 2017): $76.99
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Iris Out: "Blue Valentine" lives up to hype from ratings controversy
Micah Paisner
(Image courtesy of the Weinstein Company)
When filmmaker Derek Cianfrance first conceived of "Blue Valentine" nearly a decade ago, I'm sure he did not imagine the difficulties he would face in bringing the project to the big screen. To begin with, he couldn't obtain the proper backing from any studio and secure the money necessary to produce the film.
After finally obtaining the money nearly eight years later, the production was halted after the sudden death of Heath Ledger, the ex of star Michelle Williams. Instead of recasting, Cianfrance chose to stick with Williams, the only actress that he wanted for that role.
When the film was finally released, it received an NC-17 rating because the male protagonist, Dean (Ryan Gosling), performs an explicit sexual act on Williams' character, Cindy. The rating spurred much controversy as both stars released statements referring to the decision as misogynistic in nature.
Gosling said, "The MPAA is okay supporting scenes that portray women in scenarios of sexual torture […] for entertainment purposes, but they're trying to force us to look away from a scene that shows a woman in a sexual scenario, which is both complicit and complex."
Needless to say, the rating was overturned. While the NC-17 rating was clearly an unfounded decision, it did help the film garner buzz.
"Blue Valentine" tells the story of the relationship and subsequent struggling marriage of Dean and Cindy. On the surface, the film may look like any drama focusing on the dissolution of a marriage: Dean drinks too much and Cindy is more focused on her career as a nurse than her relationship.
The only thing keeping them together is their daughter, Frankie, and divorce seems inevitable. Dean decides that the only way that they can save their marriage is to book a motel room, get drunk and have sex. Cindy is not initially interested, but she gives in to Dean's request.
The film really breaks away from other generic films in its narrative framework. Cianfrance contrasts the ending of Dean and Cindy's marriage to the beginning of their relationship through a series of flashbacks. This contrast is surely a manipulative tool to make the viewer feel more for these characters, but it works. And it works well.
In the flashbacks, Dean and Cindy are both young and full of energy and optimism. In the present, though, Dean is balding, overweight and paints houses for a living, which, according to Cindy, squanders his potential. The physical difference in Dean is enough to tell the viewer that his life has not turned out as well as it may have seemed from the past.
Cianfrance also utilizes different cameras for the two time periods, and the difference in quality further separates the past from the present. The flashbacks have a much more amateurish feel to them, which relates to the youth of the characters and their potential — an idea that is revisited in the film.
The musical score, performed by the Brooklyn-based band Grizzly Bear, fits the film perfectly. The majority of the songs are instrumental, and they work very effectively to chronicle the dissolution of Dean and Cindy's marriage.
"Blue Valentine" is easily one of the best films released in 2010, even though it received only one Academy Award Nomination — Michelle Williams for Best Actress. The film marks Gosling's return to the screen after a three-year absence. His performance, I believe, was even stronger than Williams', and reaffirms his status as one of the best up-and-coming actors in Hollywood.
Put simply, "Blue Valentine" is a must see. Cianfrance's long wait to get his film to the big screen was worth it, and he is a director to keep an eye on.
Micah Paisner (Image courtesy of the Weinstein Company) When filmmaker Derek Cianfrance first conceived of "Blue Valentine" nearly a decade ago, I'm sure he did not imagine the difficulties he would face in bringing the project to the big screen. To begin with, he couldn't obtain the proper backing from any studio and secure the…


As we all know, in every communication system, all the sending and receiving devices, like fiber optic switch, need to adopt massive bundles of wires or cables to achieve connections for data transfer. Nowadays, the most common cable types used in communication systems are twisted pair cable, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable. With these three cable types equally deployed in network communication, people may feel confused which one is the ideal choice for their networks? This article aims to introduce some differences among twisted pair cable, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable and to tell you how to distinct them from each other in terms of features and specifications as well.
Twisted pair cable is a type of ordinary wiring which connects home and many business computers to the telephone company. It is made by putting two separate insulated wires together in a twisted pattern and running them parallel to each other which helps to reduce crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between pairs of wires. Twisted pair cable is good for transferring balanced differential signals. The practice of transmitting signals differentially dates back to the early days of telegraph and radio. The advantages of improved signal-to-noise ratio, crosstalk, and ground bounce that balanced signal transmission brings are particularly valuable in wide bandwidth and high fidelity systems.
According to whether the cable has a shielding layer, there are two common types of twisted pair cables—shielded twisted pair (STP) cable and unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable. STP cable is available for Token Ring networks, while the UTP cable is more suitable for Ethernet networks. The most common UTP cable types applied in Ethernet network are cat5e, cat6a and cat7 cables, etc. The following image shows the different structure of UTP and STP cables.
Pros: Twisted pair cable is more flexible and cheaper than coaxial cable and fiber optic cable, and it is easy to install and operate.
Cons: It encounters attenuation problem and offers relatively low bandwidth. Besides, it is susceptible to interference and noises.
Like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable or coax cable is another type of copper cable which has an inner conductor surrounded by a foam insulation, symmetrically wrapped by a woven braided metal shield, then covered by in a plastic jacket (as shown in the following image). This special design allows coaxial cable runs to be installed next to metal objects such as gutters without the power losses that occur in other types of transmission lines. Coaxial cable acts as a high-frequency transmission cable while contains a single solid-copper core, and compared to twisted pair cable, it has over 80 times the transmission capability. This kind of cable is mainly adopted in feedlines connecting radio transmitters and receivers with their antennas, computer network connections, digital audio (S/PDIF), and distributing cable television signals. 75 ohm coaxial cable and 50 ohm coaxial cable are two coaxial cable types. 75 ohm cable aims to transmit a video signal, while the 50 ohm cable is designed to transmit data signals in a two-way communication system.
Pros: Coaxial cable can be installed easily, relatively resistant to interference.
Cons: It is bulky and just ideal for short distance transmission.
Unlike twisted pair cable and coaxial cable with wires inside, fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting message modulated onto light waves. There exist various types of fiber optic cables, which are determined by the number of fibers and where it will be installed. Currently, two types of fiber optic cables are widely adopted in the field of data transfer—single-mode fiber optic cable and multimode fiber optic cable. A single-mode fiber optic cable has a small fiber core and only allows one mode of light to pave through at a time, so it is available for high-speed and long-haul applications. By contrast, a multimode fiber optic cable has a much bigger fiber core and it can carry multiple light rays at a time, so it is more ideal for short distance data transmission. The following table shows some differences between single-mode and multimode fiber optic cables.
Pros: Compared to the above mentioned copper cables, fiber optic cable takes more advantages, such as lighter, better performance and higher bandwidth. But the biggest advantage of fiber optic cable is that it can transmit much more data with the lowest loss at higher speed for longer distance.
Cons: Nevertheless, it needs complicated installing skills, and much more expensive than copper cables.
Whether to choose twisted pair cable, coaxial cable or fiber optic cable totally depends on the specific circumstances where you should take cost, performance and supporting transmission rate and length into consideration. Through this passage, hope you can figure out the differences between these three cable types.


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CALGARY, ALBERTA, October 18, 2013 - Mindoro Resources Ltd. (TSXV: MIO; ASX: MDO; Frankfurt: WKN 906167) ("Mindoro", or "the Company") advises that its joint venture partner, TVI Pacific Inc. (TSX:TVI) (OTCQX:TVIPF), has provided the following update on the test work results for the Agata Nickel Laterite Project. The positive results of Beijing General Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy (BGRIMM) pilot plant marks another key step forward for the Agata North project, located in the mining district of Agusan in northern Mindanao.
Mindoro currently has a 75% interest in the Agata Project and an option to acquire an additional 25% interest (see press release dated September 23, 2013). TVI is operator of the project and may earn 60% interest in the processing joint venture by producing a bankable feasibility study.
Pilot scale testing of Agata laterite by BGRIMM is complete.
Results confirm excellent leachability obtained during bench-scale testing.
93.5 -- 94.5% Ni extraction obtained over the 2-stage leaching process.
Favourable acid consumption in the range of 48-50 t acid/t Ni leached.
Vendor testwork completed and all design parameters obtained for pre-leach thickener, Counter-Current Decantation and residue filtration design.
8,000 L Pregnant Leach Solution produced from BGRIMM leaching campaign and shipped to producer for offtaker evaluation.
TVI's Philippine pilot plant commissioned and production of NHP to commence in 2nd half of October 2013.
On June 5, 2013, Mindoro and TVI announced the positive results of the bench scale tests indicating that the Agata laterite is highly amenable to acid leaching. The next step was to then run a continuously operated pilot plant at BGRIMM's research facility in China, in order to test and obtain design data for feed screening/classification/thickening, primary and secondary leaching, counter-current decantation (CCDs), residue neutralization and residue filtration.
The BGRIMM pilot plant operation was conducted from May to July 2013 and the results are encouraging and in line with expectations as obtained from positive bench-scale test work.
Approximately 8,000L of the nickel-rich liquor from the BGRIMM pilot leaching plant was shipped to the Philippines for use as the feed stock to the joint venture purification and recovery pilot plant, established to produce a Nickel Hydroxide Product (NHP, containing about 50-53% Ni).
Some of this liquor was also tested at BGRIMM in a continuous pilot plant campaign configured to produce a Mixed Hydroxide Product (MHP) containing at least 36% Ni. This will allow the Agata JV to evaluate the process option of producing MHP compared to NHP.
An overall nickel extraction of 93.5 -- 94.5% may be consistently achieved at an acid consumption of 48-50 t acid/t Ni leached. This has been shown as a result of an extensive BGRIMM pilot plant campaign, in which 4,300 kg of feed material was leached.
Leaching performance achieved is near identical to that obtained during the bench-scale test campaigns conducted at BGRIMM and the in-house facility in Manila.
The 2-stage leaching process proposed is robust and yielded similar results for the variety of laterite types tested.
The leaching pilot plant operation allowed determination of other circuit design data such as residence time, operating temperature, feed slurry density, etc.
Vendor settling tests confirmed fast settling nature of the feed ore, and leach residue. Acceptable underflow density obtained means that the leach circuit can be operated at 35-40% solids and the Counter-Current Decantation (CCD) circuit can be designed to achieve 98-99% recovery of soluble Ni over 7 CCD stages. All design data for pre-leach and CCD thickener design has been obtained.
Limestone and lime consumption were determined from the continuously operating pilot plant for the neutralization of the washed leach residue. Additionally, residence time and other design parameters were obtained.
Vendor settling tests have confirmed the expectation that the filtration rate of the washed and neutralized leach residue is slow, but feasible to incorporate this unit operation in the full scale plant flowsheet. All data to allow the design of the residue filtration have been obtained.
A Mixed Hydroxide Product (MHP) containing an average of 36% nickel was produced by treating the pregnant leach solution (PLS) with soda ash/caustic soda. It was shown that it is possible to produce an MHP containing >40% Ni, if a 2-stage precipitation circuit is used.
8,000L of the BGRIMM pilot plant PLS has been shipped to Philippines for processing at TVI's downstream metal purification and recovery pilot plant. A higher value Nickel Hydroxide Product (NHP) will be produced at this facility.
The pilot plant test commenced in May 2013 and was based on the results of the comprehensive program of laboratory bench-scale testing, which were previously carried out at BGRIMM in China and at Agata JV's Metallurgical Laboratory in the Philippines.
Approximately 30 t of laterite was mined from a variety of test pits that cover the Agata body. Test pits were carefully selected from the available drill-hole data to accurately reflect the laterite that is expected to feed the process plant. Limonite and saprolite material was separately mined, blended and loaded into sealed drums to preserve moisture.
Approximately 12 t of laterite was sent to BGRIMM in order to continuously operate the pilot plant. The laterite was blended, crushed, screened and milled. Leaching commenced on 13 May 2013 to test high grade (1.5% Ni) and a medium grade (1.3% Ni) laterite.
The leaching pilot plant comprised two stages, viz. primary leaching, conducted in a series of five atmospheric leaching reactors, and secondary leaching, conducted in a low pressure autoclave comprising five chambers and a flash tank. Acid was added to the primary leaching circuit, together with high Fe, low Mg content feed material. Primary leach residue and fresh material containing low Fe, high Mg was fed to the autoclave. No acid is added, since acid is generated from the Fe hydrolysis reaction occurring in the autoclave. The autoclave therefore allows greater acid efficiency to be obtained, as well as effectively reducing the Fe:Ni ratio in the final PLS.
Residue from the leaching stage was made available to two thickener vendors to conduct CCD thickener settling tests. Additionally, these vendors also conducted primary leach feed slurry thickening tests. These tests provide all the data required for the specification and design of the pre-leach and CCD thickener stages.
Washed leach residue was neutralized using a continuous pilot plant consisting of five neutralization reactors. Limestone was added to the first reactor and lime was added to the second reactor.
Washed and neutralized leach residue was made available to two filter vendors to conduct filtration tests that would allow the specification and design of the residue filtration stage. A bulk sample of the washed and neutralized residue filter cake has been sent to the Agata joint venture metallurgical testing facility in the Philippines for the purpose of conducting further environmental characterization and geo-technical stability tests that will allow the design of the leached laterite storage facility and specification of the mine backfill and rehabilitation program.
PLS recovered from the slurry after leaching was divided into two batches, including 8,000L for shipment to the TVI metallurgical testing facility in the Philippines for production of a Nickel Hydroxide Product (NHP) and 1,000L for production of an alternative Mixed Hydroxide Product (MHP). This will allow NHP and MHP processes and products to be compared and a final process route chosen as part of the Bankable Feasibility Study that is currently underway.
The MHP production pilot plant operation was completed by BGRIMM in July 2013. PLS was subjected to Fe removal, conducted using limestone as the neutralizing reagent, in a series of five continuously operating neutralization reactors. The Fe-free PLS was then fed to a series of 5 Ni precipitation reactors, where soda ash/caustic soda was added in order to precipitate the Ni, Co (and Mn) in solution to produce an MHP containing on average 36% Ni. When a 2-stage precipitation circuit is employed, the NHP Ni content is >40%.
The Joint Venture has installed and commissioned a continuously operating pilot plant at its metallurgical laboratory in the Philippines. This pilot plant comprises Ni solution purification (using continuous counter-current ion exchange), Ni precipitation to produce NHP containing slurry (using magnesia as precipitating agent) and NHP washing and filtration to produce final NHP filter cake product (50-53% Ni). Additionally, raffinate from the ion exchange pilot plant will be treated to remove heavy metals so that the resultant brine may be appropriately disposed.
The 8,000L of PLS from BGRIMM has already been received at the pilot plant, and operation of the pilot plant is set to commence by mid-October 2013 and will run until end-November 2013. On completion of these pilot plant operations, the Joint Venture will have all the metallurgical data required to design the proposed full-scale pilot plant, as well as have all the consumption, recovery and other data in order to fully evaluate the operating costs and other important process economic factors.
The NHP filter cake produced by the pilot plant will be sent to interested product off-takers for further evaluation.
Mindoro and TVI have signed four joint venture agreements, previously announced on October 1, 2012, relating to the Agata and Pan de Azucar mining projects located in the Philippines on the islands of Mindanao and Panay, respectively. The joint ventures present Mindoro with multiple growth opportunities for near-term and medium-term cash flow generating potential. Under the agreements, TVI has the ability to earn up to a 60% interest and will act as operator of the projects.
Prior extensive pre-feasibility and engineering works have been conducted on the Mindoro properties. These reports can be accessed on Mindoro's website at www.mindoro.com or on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.
An updated National Instrument 43-101 technical report on the Agata project was filed on April 10, 2013, and is available on SEDAR and on Mindoro's website.