Vernon Paul Curnow, a retired Army veteran of World War ll, peacefully passed away on January 26, 2010, after a lengthy illness. He was born July 6, 1914 in Central City, Colorado, and was the oldest of five children. He graduated from East High School in Denver. He entered World War ll in 1944 and retired as a LT. Colonel after 20 years of service. Vernon was an accomplished diver, trampolinist, and skater. He was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and served in several church callings. He spent most of his spare time working on cars. He lived most of his life in Colorado, but in 1988 he moved to Mesa, Arizona where he spent the last 22 years. Proceeded in death by Joseph Curnow (father), Mabel French (mother), Raymond Curnow (brother), Paulene Juhnke (sister), and Robert Curnow (brother). He is survived by Eileen Curnow, his sweet wife of 62 years, and his three children Richard (Joyce) Curnow, Verleen McDougal, and Stanley (Amy) Curnow. He leaves behind 16 grandchildren, 18 great-grandchildren, 4 great-great grandchildren, Alberta Pierce (sister), and several nieces and nephews. His family was so blessed to have such a sweet, kind, and caring husband, father, and grandfather. In his honor a visitation will take place at Bunkers University Chapel, 3529 E. University Dr., Mesa. Monday, February 1, 2010 from 6:00 pm-8:00 pm. Interment will be at Fort Logan National Cemetery in Denver, Colorado.


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Facebook Announces New App Insights
Every week, Facebook updates developers on the changes coming to the platform. This is part of the company's Operation Developer Love that seeks to keep dialog between the company and the developers that support the platform open. While every week may not see any drastic changes, chances are we might see some useful info.
The big change this week is the addition of new app insights. You can access the new chart by hitting the growth option under installs. The chart details the change in active users over time by installs, uninstalls, active users who have dropped off, returning users and retained users.
There is an additional chart if your app has over 25,000 monthly active users. It's called a triangle heatmap and it shows how "different cohorts of new users remain engaged over time, and you're able to find patterns that indicate what has affected engagement." Once again, this information is only available to apps with a large number of installs. Even then, information will not be available for days that have less than 30 new installs.
Facebook was kind enough to create a video explaining the new app insights. Check it out for more information:
After last week's announcement that breaking changes will be announced on the first Wednesday of every month, Facebook today announced an easier way to test breaking changes. Developers can check out the Migrations framework to make sure your apps are compatible with the breaking changes. The option for migration will be available 90 days before the breaking changes go into effect so developers will have plenty of time to make sure their apps are up to speed with current changes.
Facebook also announced the breaking changes that will go into effect on July 5. There are more than usual this time, but that just means more to be prepared for when July comes around. The first is that they are renaming the FB.Canvas.setAutoResize function to FB.Canvas.setAutoGrow. They claim this is because it more accurately represents its function. While the FB.Canvas.setAutoResize will stop working on July 5, it will be completely deleted on August 1.
Another change will require all calls to get events from the Graph API or FQL to obtain an access token to be used.
These next few changes can be enabled or disabled using the individual migration settings until July 5. After that, they go into effect permanently for everyone. The first change has the hours property of Pages returning times in the HH:MM format instead of the old Unix time format.
Batch API errors will be returned in a new format. The change will have them formatted in-line like the rest of the Graph API. The new format will look like: {"error": {"message": "", "type": ""}}.
They are removing timezones from event times as well. This is because they found having a timezone in the API led to confusion among developers. Any events built with the API should return local time.
The wap dialog display mode will be removed. Alongside that, Facebook is also removing the following event FQL objects: show_in_search, show_wall, show_photos, show_videos, show_posts, nid, tagline, event_type, and event_subtype.
Previously, tags could only exist on photos with x,y coordinates. Since you can now tag photos and statuses, Facebook says that there is a possibility that a photo can be tagged and contain no x or y parameters.
The JavaScript SDK will see some dialog removals with bookmark.add and profile.addtab both going the way of the dodo. Facebook says they don't serve any purpose anyway so there's no need to keep them around.
Finally, there is a change coming to the Graph API in regards to the metadata=1 parameter. Facebook says it will be moving the previously independent type property into the metadata array.
This week saw 188 bugs reported with 20 bugs being fixed. You can view the list of bug fixes at the developer blog post.
Check back next week for more changes coming to the Facebook developer platform. Who knows, there may be more big changes in the works.
Tags API Facebook facebook developers Open Graph operation developer love
Apple Set to Overhaul its Online Store
Paul Allen Employs Octopus in Pacific Search

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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APPLIED SILVER INC PARTNERS WITH CROWN LINEN TO BRING GROUNDBREAKING ANTIMICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY TO SO. FLORIDA HOSPITALITY
Applied Silver
February 24, 2021, 14:16 GMT
#KeepWhatsClosestCleanest
SilvaClean Turns Textiles Into Active Germ Killers, Creating New Standard of Cleanliness for Hotels
Integration of SilvaClean into Crown Linen's service allows them to immediately differentiate themselves by delivering a new standard of product to their customers..."
— James Lake, Head of Customer Integration and Success, for Applied Silver
HAYWARD, CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, February 24, 2021 /EINPresswire.com/ -- Applied Silver Inc. (www.appliedsilver.com) announced today that it has partnered with Crown Linen, a premier commercial laundry facility headquartered in Miami, to bring its groundbreaking antimicrobial textile treatment technology SilvaClean® to the hospitality industry in South Florida.
SilvaClean is the only EPA registered technology that makes all laundered materials residually antimicrobial. Once laundry is treated with the technology, it becomes active and continuously kills harmful pathogenic bacteria, mold and mildew that come in contact with the textiles, protecting users and handlers from risk of associated infections throughout use of treated items. This is achieved through a smart IoT platform installed at the laundry facility that seamlessly infuses textiles with silver ions during the final rinse cycle of the wash.
By embracing new technologies and adapting to meet customer needs in the current climate, Crown Linen has established itself as a trusted commercial laundry facility for hotels, resorts and spas across the states of Florida and Georgia. They provide service to more than 180 hotels and 60,000 rooms by emphasizing four guiding principles: quality, reliability, cost reduction and customized service.
"Essential services such as those provided by Crown Linen are at the core of hotels providing the best guest experience," said James Lake, Applied Silver's Head of Customer Integration and Success. "Integration of SilvaClean into Crown Linen's service allows them to immediately differentiate themselves by delivering a new standard of product to their customers and providing an added layer of protection for their staff in a seamless and cost-effective way."
With SilvaClean's seamless integration into its Miami laundry operation, Crown's customer base in Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Palm Beach, West Palm Beach and the Keys can easily access the innovative textile treatment program. One client, Carillon Miami Wellness Resort, a world-class beachfront health resort and luxury spa in Miami Beach, recently announced that it has incorporated SilvaClean in its housekeeping protocols and has pledged to help establish a new standard of cleanliness and guest experience in the hospitality industry.
"We are excited to partner with Applied Silver to provide access for our customers to new technologies like SilvaClean that increase and improve the sanitation of linens and other launderable items", Pablo Lucchesi, Managing Partner Crown Linen.
The technology has proven to significantly elevate hygiene in the surrounding environment wherever it has been deployed, providing a safe environment for guests and visitors. In addition to giving guests confidence in the industry, SilvaClean also protects housekeeping staff, laundry staff and other industry personnel from the spread of these harmful pathogens. The technology is already incorporated in infection control protocols at hospitals and in professional sports programs to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired infections and dangerous pathogens, like MRSA.
The science behind SilvaClean is the broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties of silver ions. Silver has been in use since ancient times in medical applications (sutures, dental filling and other) as well as in homes (silver goblets, silverware). Applied Silver has been advancing this science for current applications for businesses with plans to make the technology available for all consumers in the near future. By incorporating the germ-killing power of SilvaClean into its state-of-the-art practices, Crown is taking yet another important step in its commitment to delivering the very best service and protection to its customers.
ABOUT APPLIED SILVER INC,
Applied Silver, Inc is Hayward, California-based that develops commercial applications based on technologies that harness the antimicrobial power of silver ions. The Company is focused on preventing infections through the use of silver technologies, including antibiotic-resistant pathogens like MRSA and emerging pathogens like Candida auris. The Company is commercially active in healthcare, sports and hospitality, and plans to enter the consumer markets in the near future.
ABOUT CROWN LINEN
Crown Linen is the leading Commercial Laundry specializing in the hospitality industry in Florida and Georgia. It was created to fill the demand for a professional laundry company dedicated exclusively to cater for the demanding needs of the hospitality industry.
Crown Linen owns and operates 6 state-of-the-art production facilities located in Miami, Orlando, Fort Myers, Bradenton Haines City and Fairburn, GA. These plants have the capacity to process large quantities of hotel linen with the best-in-class quality and 100% reliability and consistency.
The traditional laundry has evolved into a modern service company. With 6 plants, state of the art technology, locations close to our customers, friendly and professional attention, Crown is the best alternative to a hotel's laundry needs.
Keyon Johnson
Applied Silver Inc.
onkeypr@gmail.com
Distribution channels: Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals Industry, Technology, Textiles & Fabric Industry, Travel & Tourism Industry, World & Regional
Applied Silver Announces the Appointment of Brigadier General Ben Robinson to Strategic Advisory Board
APPLIED SILVER AND NEW YORK RED BULLS PARTNER TO INTRODUCE SILVACLEAN TO MAJOR LEAGUE SOCCER


text:
Speech by Margaret Atwood, 2008
Speech by Woody Allen, 2002
Speech by Tzvetan Todorov, 2008
Speech by Arthur Miller, 2002
Speech by Ingrid Betancourt, 2008
Speech by Zygmunt Bauman
Speech by Alain Touraine
Speech by Vicente del Bosque
Speech by Amin Maalouf
Speech by William H. Gates, 2006
Speech by Leonard Cohen at the 2011 ceremony
Words of Toyohiko Tomioka
Speech by Riccardo Muti
Speech by Arturo Álvarez-Buylla
Announcement by the Jury of the 2019 Princess of Asturias award for Concord
Announcement by the jury of the 2019 Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research
Announcement by the jury of the 2019 Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences
Announcement by the Jury of the 2019 Princess of Asturias Award for Literature
Announcement by the jury of the 2019 Princess of Asturias Award for Sports
Announcement by the jury of the 2019 Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities
Announcement by the jury of the 2019 Princess of Asturias Award for the Arts
Announcement by the jury of the 2018 Prince of Asturias Award for Sports
Announcement by the Jury of the 2018 Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
Announcement by the jury of the 2017 Princess of Asturias Award for Arts
Announcement by the Jury of the Princess of Asturias OF award for Sports 2016
Announcement by the Jury of the Princess of Asturias OF award for Technical and Scientific Research 2016
Announcement by the jury of the 2014 Prince of Asturias Award for Social Sciences
Announcement by the jury of the 2014 Prince of Asturias Award for Arts
Announcement by the jury of the 2014 Prince of Asturias Award for Scientific Research
Announcement by the jury of the 2014 Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
Announcement by the jury of the 2014 Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities
Announcement by the jury of the 2014 Prince of Asturias Award for Literature
Announcement by the jury of the 2014 Prince of Asturias Award for Concord
Announcement by the jury of the 2013 Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research
Announcement by the jury of the 2013 Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts
Philip Roth, 2012 Prince of Asturias Award of Literature
Gregory Winter and Richard A. Lerner, Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research
Shigeru Miyamoto, 2012 Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities
Martha C. Nussbaum 2012 Prince of Asturias Award for Social Sciences
Rafael Moneo, 2012 Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts


W Concept activewear is made in collaboration with handpicked designers from South Korea, so its sweats have a forward-thinking feel to them. A cool alternative to your old grey hoodie, W Concept makes sweatshirts, cropped pullovers and hoodies that will take your street-style looks up a notch. Totally fitting with fashion's mood right now, W Concept sweats have that sporty feel to them but give off a high-end vibe as well.


text:
Biological Sciences: Articles & Databases
Finding Articles
To find magazine/journal articles related to the life sciences, try the databases listed here. Other databases can be found on the Articles & Databases page. NOTE: If you are searching off-campus, you will need your AU ID and password
Journal Impact Factors
Journal Citation Reports Journal citation reports is a resource for journal evaluation, using citation data drawn from over 8,400 scholarly and technical journals worldwide.
Google Scholar Metrics
Page opens to Life Sciences and Earth Sciences, more specific subcategories are available on the left.
General Databases
PubMed PubMed comprises more than 22 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. PubMed citations and abstracts include the fields of biomedicine and health, covering portions of the life sciences, behavioral sciences, chemical sciences, and bioengineering. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
MEDLINE (OVID) Provides indexing and abstracts for approximately 5,400 journals covering biomedical and allied health literature. 1949-present.
Locating Theses & Dissertations
AUETD Find research by Auburn University graduate students. Search by keyword or browse by academic department. Find research by Auburn University graduate students. Search by keyword or browse by academic department.
Dissertations & Theses The most comprehensive index to dissertations and theses, covering the years from 1861 to the present. Dissertations published from 1980 forward contain abstracts and many have a 24-page preview. Most dissertations from 1995- are available in full text.
Ecology & Zoology
ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Covers worldwide journal and report literature in biology, ecology, and management of freshwater and marine environments. 1978-Present
Searchable Ornithological Research Archive (SORA)
BioOne Complete A collection of the full texts of various research journals focused on the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. Auburn University Libraries subscribe to the BioOne1 collection only.
GreenFILE A searchable database of information covering all aspects of human impact on the environment. Scholarly, governmental, and general-interest titles dating back to the 1970s include content on the environmental effects of individuals, corporations and local/national governments, and what can be done on each level to minimize negative impact. Topics covered include climate change, global warming, green building, pollution, sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, recycling, and more. GreenFILE is multidisciplinary and draws on the connections between the environment and a variety of disciplines such as agriculture, education, law, health and technology.
TOXLINE This database covers the pharmacological, biochemical, physiological, and toxicological effects on drugs and other chemicals.
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Greenpoint is receiving a new school — just not the one residents thought they were getting. While plans for a public school slated to be built near a toxic Superfund site have stalled, one resident is opening up a different type of institution in the neighborhood. Greenpoint Montessori, located at 288 McGuinness Blvd., is set to open its doors to the public on Jan. 2.


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California wildfires erupt amid strong Santa Ana winds, and threat could last into next week
Wind gusts have exceeded hurricane force in Southern California as fires send embers flying more than a mile ahead
Bruce McDougal watches embers fly over his property as the Bond Fire burns Thursday in Orange County, Calif. (Noah Berger/AP)
Andrew Freedman and
Andrew Freedman
Editor focusing on extreme weather, climate change, science and the environment.
Diana Leonard
Dec. 3, 2020 at 8:44 p.m. UTC
A dangerous Santa Ana wind event is underway Thursday in Southern California, with winds whipping across mountain tops and through narrow valleys at speeds of up to 95 mph. Amid a surge in coronavirus cases that have prompted officials to advise Los Angeles residents to stay at home, the fires are forcing thousands to make hasty evacuations, with officials advising them to seek out hotels.
The Bond Fire in Santiago Canyon, in Orange County, had spread to about 7,200 acres with 0 percent containment by Thursday at midday Pacific time, while other fires burned in Riverside County, requiring evacuations. With strong winds forecast to last throughout the day, fire danger remains "critical" to "extremely critical," the two highest categories on the threat scale.
As of 10 a.m. Pacific, winds were gusting to 70 mph in the higher elevations near Malibu, with widespread wind gusts to 50 and 60 mph at lower elevations. Such winds can make fighting these fires nearly impossible, since they cause rapid fire spread and extreme fire behavior.
A moderate to strong Santa Ana wind event, featuring winds blowing from the land to the sea and extremely low relative humidity, is expected to continue through Friday in Los Angeles and Ventura counties.
The National Weather Service issued a rare "particularly dangerous situation" red-flag warning for the Santa Clarita Valley and the mountains in Los Angeles and Ventura counties, "Due to the combination of extremely dry vegetation, strong winds, and very dry air especially Thursday morning into Thursday afternoon."
"If fire ignition occurs, conditions will be favorable for very rapid fire spread, long range spotting, and very extreme fire behavior which would threaten life and property," forecasters warned. "The strong winds could also down trees and power lines."
Red-flag warnings are in effect through Saturday farther south into San Diego County, where winds hit 90 mph in mountain locations Thursday morning.
Another Santa Ana wind event may affect Southern California early next week, too, the Weather Service said. In fact, there are signs of a strong offshore wind event with heightened fire danger in Northern California in the coming days, as well, which is extremely rare at this time of year. Normally, Northern California has received enough rain and mountain snow by this time of year to end the fire season, and would be moving into the heart of its rainy season.
"While it's been done in the past, it's not normal for us to be thinking about fire weather in December," said Brian Garcia, a meteorologist at the Weather Service's forecast office in San Francisco.
But a vast area of high pressure over the West has been shunting storms well to the north of the state, causing it to fall deeper into a drought. Storms are being diverted so far to the north and west of California that rain and snow records were broken in Alaska.
On Dec. 3, 85 mph Santa Ana winds worsen the Bond Fire in Orange County, Calif. (The Washington Post)
The state is now in the midst of its worst wildfire season on record, with about 4.2 million acres burned, more than double the acreage in the previous record-breaking year. At least 10,488 structures have been destroyed and 31 people killed. Five of the top six largest fires on record in the state have occurred this season.
As California's record-breaking 2020 fire season reaches into the winter months, it is overlapping not only with the windiest time of the year but also with a rapidly escalating wave of the coronavirus pandemic.
Southern Californians are therefore facing both evacuations and power shut-offs while managing concerns about the coronavirus.
With stay-at-home orders in place in Los Angeles County and tightening restrictions elsewhere, fear of contracting the virus could delay or discourage evacuations. To combat this, experts have noted that local emergency agencies should clearly communicate how people will be kept safe if and when they are told to leave home.
In lieu of public shelters during the pandemic, the Red Cross has established temporary evacuation points to arrange hotel rooms for wildfire evacuees in need of shelter.
But evacuations are not the only challenge during this latest virus surge. Power shut-offs, already disruptive, become life-threatening with thousands hospitalized and many on ventilators.
Reggie Kumar, a spokesman for Southern California Edison, the utility that serves Los Angeles and surrounding counties, said that hospitals typically have their own generators and are given advance notice about shut-off procedures and timing.
"We start notifying local emergency management officials three days prior to a Public Safety Power Shutoff event and work closely with them to determine if there is a need for a generator at a medical facility," he said in an email.
By early morning Thursday, Southern California Edison had cut power to 32,395 customers, while San Diego Gas and Electric had cut power to 62,992 customers. These numbers could change significantly during the day Thursday, however.
Tom Rolinski, a fire meteorologist with Southern California Edison, said that a major concern for this event is the record dry vegetation in the region, even though December is outside of the normal high-risk fire season. "We are taking this very seriously," he said.
No rain in sight as drought deepens
The forecast for the rest of the month is equally worrisome. Not only is there no real sign of rain, but there are additional Santa Ana winds on the horizon, including the one early next week.
"Every wind event is going to be very impactful for us, because fuels are very dry and very receptive to fire," Rolinski said.
The 2020 wildfire season in California has been unrelenting because of record warmth, a deepening drought and an abundance of lightning strikes and strong offshore wind events. Santa Ana winds triggered major fires in Orange County in late October, forcing tens of thousands to evacuate on short notice. Now, vegetation is even drier. August, September and October ranked as the state's hottest months since records began in 1895.
The extension of the dry season deeper into the fall is consistent with a delayed arrival of autumn rains over the past several years, an effect predicted to emerge in California because of human-caused climate change.
Recent studies have shown that warming and drying fall seasons are amplifying the fire threat, as the number of extreme fire weather days increases and very dry conditions extend later into the year. Again, this trend is in part the result of human-caused climate change and has also been seen in other parts of the world.
One study, for example, found that climate change has doubled the days during the fall with extreme wildfire conditions in parts of California since the 1980s.
Washington, D.C., Snow Tracker
0"Current total snowfall
Average season-to-date snow 6.2"
Average seasonal snow 15.4"
Record most snow 56.1"
Record least snow 0.1"
Last year's snow 0.6"
See the winter outlook
Tweets by @capitalweather


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Live Well Nebraska
North Platte, NE (69103)
Clear skies. Low near 70F. Winds S at 5 to 10 mph..
Clear skies. Low near 70F. Winds S at 5 to 10 mph.
Heat Advisory from 1PM CDT FRI until 8PM CDT FRI
...DANGEROUS HEAT EXPECTED FRIDAY...
.DANGEROUS HEAT CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED FRIDAY AS DAYTIME HIGHS
CLIMB INTO THE UPPER 90S TO LOW 100S WITH DEW POINTS IN THE 60S
TO LOW 70S.
...HEAT ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 PM TO 8 PM CDT FRIDAY...
...HEAT ADVISORY THIS EVENING HAS EXPIRED...
* HEAT INDEX VALUES...UP TO 105 DUE TO TEMPERATURES IN THE UPPER
90S TO LOW 100S...AND DEWPOINTS IN THE MID 60S.
* IMPACTS...ILLNESSES RELATED TO HEAT ARE POSSIBLE.
A HEAT ADVISORY MEANS THAT A PERIOD OF HOT TEMPERATURES IS
EXPECTED. THE COMBINATION OF HOT TEMPERATURES AND HIGH HUMIDITY
WILL COMBINE TO CREATE A SITUATION IN WHICH HEAT ILLNESSES ARE
POSSIBLE. DRINK PLENTY OF FLUIDS, STAY IN AN AIR-CONDITIONED
ROOM, STAY OUT OF THE SUN, AND CHECK UP ON RELATIVES AND
TAKE EXTRA PRECAUTIONS, IF YOU WORK OR SPEND TIME OUTSIDE.
WHEN POSSIBLE, RESCHEDULE STRENUOUS ACTIVITIES TO EARLY MORNING
OR EVENING. KNOW THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HEAT EXHAUSTION AND
HEAT STROKE. WEAR LIGHT WEIGHT AND LOOSE FITTING CLOTHING WHEN
TO REDUCE RISK DURING OUTDOOR WORK, THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
BREAKS IN SHADED OR AIR CONDITIONED ENVIRONMENTS. ANYONE OVERCOME
BY HEAT SHOULD BE MOVED TO A COOL AND SHADED LOCATION.   HEAT
STROKE IS AN EMERGENCY, CALL 9 1 1.
Former Stapleton clerk charged with theft of village funds
By George Haws george.haws@nptelegraph.com
A former clerk/treasurer for the village of Stapleton has been charged with theft by deception, over $5,000, from the village's coffers.
State Auditor Charlie Janssen's office has also completed an attestation of the village's finances and detailed a number of concerns about the way business was being conducted.
Amy Allen, who now works as an office clerk in the Logan County Clerk's Office, was charged Wednesday in Logan County Court by County Attorney Colten Venteicher.
The formal complaint against Allen alleges thefts occurred between May 30, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2018, and that Allen intentionally destroyed or otherwise altered the availability of public records and used public funds for personal gain.
A report of the auditor's attestation, or targeted examination, was published May 17 and is on the state auditor's website, auditors.state.ne.us.
The attestation was prompted by a letter that Janssen's office received from an unnamed "concerned citizen" on Jan. 22 about an agreement that Allen had made with the village on Jan. 7 to pay $15,000 in restitution for funds missing from the village.
Allen said that when she was approached by Village Board Chairman Bryan Rooney and Vice Chairman Dan Beckius about signing the agreement, they told her the $15,000 was to cover the missing money, along with auditing and attorney fees. The $15,000 was to be paid in monthly installments of $200. In return, the village promised that it would "seek no other funds or amount of money" from her.
Allen said the settlement document was drawn up by Village Attorney Mike Borders. It was signed by Allen and Rooney.
Telephone messages left for Borders and Rooney were not returned.
The agreement between Allen and the village was not itemized, and Allen told The Telegraph she does not know how much she actually took from the village.
According to the auditor's report, Allen resigned from her position with the village in August 2018. In September, it was discovered that utility payments received from some customers had been applied to different customers' accounts. The report does not state who discovered the discrepancies.
During October and November, the village's certified public accountant, Milissa Kramer of MJK CPA PC, "conducted an analysis to determine how much money appeared to have been misappropriated," according to the report. On Nov. 19, Kramer presented a summary of her findings to the Village Board.
On Nov. 21, the village asked the State Auditor's Office to waive requirements for its annual audit. That is a common request from villages and other small government bodies, according to Craig Kubicek, a certified public accountant and certified fraud examiner who was one of four auditor's office staff members who conducted the attestation of the village records.
A public entity granted a waiver is still required to submit some records but avoids the expense of a full audit. But in asking for the waiver, the village did not notify the auditor's office of the alleged fraud, according to the report. The waiver request was ultimately denied.
After receiving the anonymous letter, the auditor's office requested and received a copy of the agreement between the village and Allen, as well as the summary prepared by Kramer. The auditor's office sent copies of both to the Logan County attorney.
On March 13, the auditor's office notified the Stapleton Village Board that it would do the attestation.
On March 28, the Nebraska State Patrol interviewed Allen, who admitted taking cash from the village's trash, water and dog licensing accounts, according to the auditor's report. A copy of her handwritten statement is shown in the report. It includes the following: "I made several attempts to pay back the money I took so I could right my wrong but did not get enough paid back."
On April 24-25, members of the auditor's staff traveled to Stapleton and obtained financial documents and other supporting records for the examination. The attestation covers the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 2018, but includes documentation from other time periods.
The auditor's report notes irregularities dating back at least several years.
QuickBooks transactions back to September 2013 were inspected, and the auditor's staff found "hundreds of deleted invoices for customers who paid cash to the village, which totaled over $38,000."
But Kramer said that number does not necessarily reflect the amount of money that was misappropriated, noting that some of the invoices were deleted "for legitimate reasons."
"Based on records prior to and after the time period in question, it is evident that the village does not receive near as much cash as what the deleted invoice summary presents," Kramer said.
The report recommended that the village of Stapleton:
» Implement procedures "to prevent one person from being in a position both to perpetrate and to conceal financial errors or irregularities."
» Work with the proper authorities to respond to alleged wrongdoing.
» Implement procedures to recover or account for any missing funds.
» File a claim with the insurance carrier for Allen's performance bond.
The report includes the village's response: "We agree that fraud has occurred which violates many state statutes. As soon as the fraud was discovered action was taken to determine the extent of the loss and to seek advice from an attorney. We have already implemented many new procedures that will help circumvent any future issues."
The report identified a number of concerns that Kramer called "minor compliance issues that will be addressed by the board and personnel to ensure proper compliance in the future."
They included issues with the control environment relating to village funds. The report noted lack of segregation of duties, untimely depositing of checks, absence of receipts for all money received, failure to endorse checks properly upon receipt, failure of the current clerk to countersign checks (contrary to state statute) and lack of "known fixed asset policy and inventory list." Some claims received by the village office had been paid prior to or without Village Board approval.
Issues related to payroll included lack of some personnel files, missing federal W-4 or I-9 verifications for employees, and employee salaries not in agreement with Village Board resolutions. In addition, although employees were not being required to pay utility bills, those amounts were not being taxed as fringe benefits.
The report said corrections needed to be made to ensure that village ordinances were consistent with current utility rates and to ensure that all customers were properly billed for services.
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Man fatally injured at Lake McConaughy; Coloradan charged with manslaughter
Auditor: Almost $6.14 million found in Lincoln County Treasurer's Office
Koertner officially removed after all-day Lincoln County Board meeting
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Tractor driver taken to hospital after Highway 30 collision near Cozad
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Halo Wars Red Team. . HD Wallpaper and background images in the Halo club tagged: photo halo wars.
This Halo photo contains rifleman. There might also be navy seal, seal, green beret, special forces, elite soldier, and battle dress.


Good NEWS!! Making the semi-finals in a script writing contest!!
Entering contests is a scary enterprise, but it's also a way to incorporate deadlines and reviews into your writing!
We just received word that our script (co-written with my 2 sisters), entitled MOVING MAMA, just placed as a semi-finalist in the Nashville Film and Screenwriting Competition! We did not make the final cut, but the competition totaled over 1500 scripts so we have something to be proud of.
This story is close to our hearts; in the vein of Grumpy Old Men, the story idea came from our relationship with MOM, especially as it changed because of her dementia as well as aging, in general. We wrote it as a "dramedy" (drama/comedy) because so many times the experiences were ones that, if you didn't laugh, you would cry. It's a story that many people these days can relate to. How many of us have aging parents to care for?
We spent more than five years on this script, rewriting and rewriting — dissecting and revising — and with each version we'd hope we were getting closer to the best story. Not long ago, we had a number of actors do a table read of the script. Wow- that was a fascinating process and gave us an opportunity to listen and 'watch' the story unfold as the actors interpreted our words! The actress portraying Mama was dynamite and that was especially exciting.
I certainly encourage any writer to enter a few contests. It does cause you to get your work into the hands of professionals and readers who can give you an honest response to your writing. Though not every criticism is one that you have to accept, every criticism provides insight. Like sandpaper, a good critique can cause you to scrape and sand and alter the technical and/or story elements that are not touching the audience (or reader!).
And of course, our project — although rewritten more than 20 times — is ongoing…still needs some more refinement!
This book is an anthology of six holiday stories. 1. A Christmas Groom by Stacey Coverstone, 2. Widelooping a Christmas Cowboy by Livia J. Washburn, 3. Another Auld Lang Syne by Donna Alice Patton, 4. Silver and Gold by Kaye Spencer, 5. The Perfect Christmas Gift by Gail L. Jenner, 6. Every Knee Shall Bend by Tanya Hanson. These are all wonderfully written and take place in days past. You will enjoy getting away for awhile with these sweet cowboy romances! I enjoyed this book very much.


text:
Q: Not able to read scandinavian charater I am trying to parse a xml but since xml has scandinavian charaters such å,æ.
but getting these characters as jibberish.
I tried various thing:-
Try1)
DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = builder.parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(body.getBytes("ISO-8859-1")));

Try2)
DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder();
InputSource src = new InputSource();
src.setEncoding("ISO-8859-1");
src.setCharacterStream(new StringReader(body));
        Document doc = builder.parse(src);

Try 3)
DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder();
InputSource src = new InputSource();
src.setEncoding("UTF-8");
src.setCharacterStream(new StringReader(body));
        Document doc = builder.parse(src);
NodeList n1 = doc.getElementsByTagName("Ver");
        if (n1.getLength() > 0) {
            Ver = n1.item(0).getTextContent();
            if(Ver == "") {
                Ver = default1;
            }
            else {
                Ver = "\""+Ver+"\"";
            }
        }

XML Example:-
<?xml Version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<Data xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <Envelope>
    <Ver>Utåø</Ver>
    <ID>SAO</ID>
    <Rec>men</Rec>
    <TransactionID>0987714805168</TransactionID>
  </Envelope>
  124
  <City></City>
  <CompCodes>
    <CompCode>US</CompCode>
    <Vend>13</Vend>
  </CompCodes>
  <BankData>
    123
    <BankAcctNum>231</BankAcctNum>
  </BankData>
  <BankData>
    124
    <BankAcctNum>431</BankAcctNum>
  </BankData>
</Data>

Please let me know how to handle it.

A: Your xml file is encoded in utf-8: <?xml Version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
If you try to use the utf-8 encoding that should work instead of ISO-8859-1 for the parsing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: simpMessagingTemplate convertAndSendToUser lot of waiting threads blocking other functionality We are using Stomp, SpringBoot, and WebSockets in our application. The server application is doing the following:
1) Generating messages to be pushed to the users,
2) Accepting WebSocket connections and
3) pushing messages to ActiveMQ stomp broker. Thread dump shows a lot of waiting threads associated with the simpMessagingTemplate convertAndSendToUser API call.
Two instances of the application are running in a cloud. This application generates messages and pushes to ActiveMQ stomp broker (running separately) using simpMessagingTemplate convertAndSendToUser API.
We use Gatling for simulating user WebSocket connections for load testing. The Gatling runs on a separate instance. The application works fine for 2000 user connections. Once we increase the users to 4000 we see that the message generation thread stops. Users are getting connected to the same servers without any problem though.
If we comment the simpMessagingTemplate convertAndSendToUser API call then everything works perfectly fine (both generate messages and new WebSocket connections). So we doubt the issue with convertAndSendToUser API.
Threaddump stack trace is given below:

"ForkJoinPool-1-worker-440" #477 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f0c541c2800 nid=0x2a47 sleeping[0x00007f08e6371000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
 at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
 at reactor.util.concurrent.WaitStrategy$Sleeping.waitFor(WaitStrategy.java:319)
 at reactor.core.publisher.MonoProcessor.block(MonoProcessor.java:211)
 at reactor.core.publisher.MonoProcessor.block(MonoProcessor.java:176)
 at org.springframework.messaging.tcp.reactor.AbstractMonoToListenableFutureAdapter.get(AbstractMonoToListenableFutureAdapter.java:73)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.stomp.StompBrokerRelayMessageHandler$SystemStompConnectionHandler.forward(StompBrokerRelayMessageHandler.java:980)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.stomp.StompBrokerRelayMessageHandler.handleMessageInternal(StompBrokerRelayMessageHandler.java:549)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.broker.AbstractBrokerMessageHandler.handleMessage(AbstractBrokerMessageHandler.java:234)
 at org.springframework.messaging.support.ExecutorSubscribableChannel$SendTask.run(ExecutorSubscribableChannel.java:138)
 at org.springframework.messaging.support.ExecutorSubscribableChannel.sendInternal(ExecutorSubscribableChannel.java:94)
 at org.springframework.messaging.support.AbstractMessageChannel.send(AbstractMessageChannel.java:119)
 at org.springframework.messaging.support.AbstractMessageChannel.send(AbstractMessageChannel.java:105)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate.sendInternal(SimpMessagingTemplate.java:187)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate.doSend(SimpMessagingTemplate.java:162)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate.doSend(SimpMessagingTemplate.java:48)
 at org.springframework.messaging.core.AbstractMessageSendingTemplate.send(AbstractMessageSendingTemplate.java:108)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.user.UserDestinationMessageHandler.handleMessage(UserDestinationMessageHandler.java:227)
 at org.springframework.messaging.support.ExecutorSubscribableChannel$SendTask.run(ExecutorSubscribableChannel.java:138)
 at org.springframework.messaging.support.ExecutorSubscribableChannel.sendInternal(ExecutorSubscribableChannel.java:94)
 at org.springframework.messaging.support.AbstractMessageChannel.send(AbstractMessageChannel.java:119)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate.sendInternal(SimpMessagingTemplate.java:187)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate.doSend(SimpMessagingTemplate.java:162)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate.doSend(SimpMessagingTemplate.java:48)
 at org.springframework.messaging.core.AbstractMessageSendingTemplate.send(AbstractMessageSendingTemplate.java:108)
 at org.springframework.messaging.core.AbstractMessageSendingTemplate.convertAndSend(AbstractMessageSendingTemplate.java:150)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate.convertAndSendToUser(SimpMessagingTemplate.java:229)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate.convertAndSendToUser(SimpMessagingTemplate.java:218)
 at org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate.convertAndSendToUser(SimpMessagingTemplate.java:204)
 at com.mypackage.PushMessageManager.lambda$sendMyMessage$2(PushMessageManager.java:77)
 at com.mypackage.PushMessageManager$$Lambda$923/1850582969.accept(Unknown Source)
 at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.accept(ForEachOps.java:184)
 at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:175)
 at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1382)
 at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481)
 at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachTask.compute(ForEachOps.java:291)
 at java.util.concurrent.CountedCompleter.exec(CountedCompleter.java:731)
 at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:289)
 at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doInvoke(ForkJoinTask.java:401)
 at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.invoke(ForkJoinTask.java:734)
 at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp.evaluateParallel(ForEachOps.java:160)
 at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.evaluateParallel(ForEachOps.java:174)
 at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:233)
 at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:418)
 at com.mypackage.PushMessageManager.sendMyMessage(PushMessageManager.java:74)
 at com.mypackage.PushMessageManager.lambda$processPushMessage$0(PushMessageManager.java:61)
 at com.mypackage.PushMessageManager$$Lambda$664/624459498.run(Unknown Source)
 at nl.talsmasoftware.context.functions.RunnableWithContext.run(RunnableWithContext.java:42)
 at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncRun.run(CompletableFuture.java:1626)
 at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
 at nl.talsmasoftware.context.executors.ContextAwareExecutorService$1.call(ContextAwareExecutorService.java:59)
 at nl.talsmasoftware.context.delegation.RunnableAdapter.run(RunnableAdapter.java:44)
 at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask$RunnableExecuteAction.exec(ForkJoinTask.java:1402)
 at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:289)
 at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1056)
 at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1692)
 at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:157)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
 - None

Steps are mentioned below w.r.t the diagram:

*

*Gatling JMS publisher pushes JMS messages at 20000 messages per minute to Active MQ broker. Please note that these messages are not for only one user. it is distributed based on WebSocket user connections.

*Our application has a JMS listener to receive these messages. We are running say 2 instances of the application so two JMS listeners to process this message.

*Once the application receives a JMS message it checks the session information from cache to identify the connected users and pushes to another ActiveMQ stomp broker using  simpMessagingTemplate convertAndSendToUser API simpMessagingTemplate.convertAndSendToUser(sessionId, "/queue/abc", payload). Please note that the sessionId is stored in a distributed cache when the user first connects to the application. So these are valid session ids.

*ActiveMQ stomp broker then propagates these messages to individual user stomp queues.

*The Gatling WebSocket client (each having 2000 user connections) shall receive these messages through WebSocket connections.

*Client connect and subscribe looks like this
stompClient.connect({'username': $("#userName").val()}, function (frame) {
    setConnected(true);
    subscription = stompClient.subscribe('/user/queue/abc', function (message) {
         showData(JSON.parse(message.body));
     },headers = {'loginusername': $("#userName").val()});
});
So each user shall receive only the messages intended to them not all the messages. That is the reason we are connecting the users to individual queues while connecting through WebSocket and also use convertAndSendToUser to push the messages to specific sessions. The backend JMS publisher ensures that the messages are published to users in a cyclic fashion.
To answer your question regarding identifying the bottleneck, if we connect say 2000 users everything works fine. But when we add more users, we see that the JMS listener of the application is not able to listen to the 20000 messages per min sent by the backend Gatling JMS load generator. The ActiveMQ JMS queue depth increases due to this.
To make sure that the bottleneck is the convertAndSendToUser API what we did is commented that API call. If we do that we are able to connect ~13k WebSocket connections and the backend JMS listener is able to consume all the 20000 messages per min messages also.
Hope this clarifies some of your questions.
UPDATE
Code snippet to show the asynchronous invocation of simpMessagingTemplate.convertAndSendToUser API is given below. Here RepositoryUtil.executor() is our own wrapper for the executor object.
    public CompletableFuture<Void> processPushMessage(String userName, String payload) {
    return ContextAwareCompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
        sendABCMessage(payload, userName);
    }, RepositoryUtil.executor());
}

public void sendABCMessage(@Payload String payload, String username) {
    ArrayList<UserProfiles> userProfiles = (ArrayList<UserProfiles>) cacheService.getValue(username);
    if (Objects.nonNull(userProfiles) && userProfiles.size() > 0) {
      userProfiles.parallelStream()
          .filter(userProfiles1 -> ("/user/queue/abc".equalsIgnoreCase(userProfiles1.getSubscribeMapping()) && username.equals(userProfiles1.getUserName())))
          .forEach(userProfiles1 -> {              simpMessagingTemplate.convertAndSendToUser(userProfiles1.getSessionId(), "/queue/abc", payload);
          });
    } else {
      LOGGER.info("sendABCMessage userProfiles is null. Payload: {}", payload);
    }
}

A: We are able to resolve the issue by moving to /user/topic instead of /user/queue. We are now able to process ~35k per minute messages from backend and 8k web socket user connections.

A:
The application works fine for 2000 user connections with a load of 20,000 messages per minute. Once we increase the users to 4000 we see that the message generation thread stops.

If you push 20,000 messages to ActiveMQ and each message has 1,000 subscribers, that means 20,000,000 messages (1,000 * 20,000) are published back to WebSocket clients. So try to determine the overall volume of messages flowing through and understand where the bottleneck is (the server forwarding messages to the ActiveMQ, ActiveMQ processing messages, or the server publishing messages to WebSocket clients).
For the 20,000 messages, are they generated from a single thread, or are they sent from a large number of different threads, e.g. as a result of processing messages from WebSocket clients, or  REST HTTP calls? If it is the latter it could be that too many threads are trying to forward messages to the broker concurrently and you may have to apply some kind of rate limits.
At the end of the day you need to understand the overall volume, where the bottleneck is, and where to apply some rate limits.


Sitting comfortably in the top spot for 20 years and counting, Nike's Air Max 95 is back with this Essential edition. Coming in a light bone colourway, the Essential has a reworked design to provide an even more streamlined look. A mesh upper provides breathability and ventilation, while leather and suede overlays add comfort and support. This is all sat on a lightweight PU midsole for plush cushioning; a feature that made the original famous. The waffle sole adds traction for all surfaces and the iconic full-length Air unit completes with the ultimate support underfoot. This icon is finished with Nike Swoosh tick to the side.


text:
Extreme Sailing Series Asia announced
Ras al-Khaimah advisor files a brief to the NY Supreme Court opposing BMW Oracles claims RAK is not safe
OC Events, organisers of the iShares Cup – the European Extreme 40 Sailing Series – has announced the creation of the inaugural Extreme Sailing Series Asia, to be staged between November 2009 and March 2010.
The first year of the Asian series will include events in Hong Kong, Singapore and Oman with the possibility of a fourth venue to be confirmed, and with a plan to grow into a six-event series by 2011/12.
After the finale of the six-stage European iShares Cup circuit last weekend in Almería (Spain), five of the boats – who have already committed to the Asian circuit – were packed up to be shipped directly to Hong Kong.
The first event in the Extreme Sailing Series Asia will take place over the 20-24 November in Hong Kong. Muscat, Oman, will host the third event over the 1-5 February 2010, just before the start of the America's Cup in neighbouring United Arab Emirates – subject to the current dispute.
For more visit www.extremesailingseriesasia.com


text:
Teagan Croft (Sydney, 2004. április 23. –) ausztrál színésznő.

Pályafutása
Kilencévesen kezdte színészi karrierjét egy színházi darabban, a Ne bántsátok a feketerigót!, amelyben Scout Finch karakterét keltette életre. 2016-ban szerepet kapott az Otthonunk című régóta futó ausztrál sorozatban Bella Loneragan szerepében. Ugyanebben az évben a Science Fiction Volume One: The Osiris Child című akció-kalandfilmben Kellan Lutz oldalán szerepelt. 2018-ban bejelentett Titans sorozatban megkapta Rachel szerepét.

Család
Édesapja, Tim Croft és édesanyja, Rebecca McNamee Croft, aki szintén színésznő. Penny McNamee és Jessica McNamee színésznőknek unokahúga.

Filmográfia

Televíziós szerepek

Színházi szerepek

Források

További információk

Ausztrál színészek
2004-ben született személyek
Élő személyek
Ausztrál nők

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It is probable that you have come across articles in the world wide web and in magazines outlining the relationship between diet and health. How controlling the salt in your diet helps in keeping your blood pressures at optimum levels, how reducing oil is good for your heart,etc… All these hypotheses are scientifically proven and following these dietary advices will cut your health budget by a considerable amount in the long run. Add to that lesser number of sick leaves you need to take, which you dread of. There is a similar interplay between the food you eat and your skin health. Stuffing your brunches and dinners with nutritious, vitamin rich food can give your skin that additional glow that you have always dreamed about.
Fish: The omega-3 fatty acids nourishes your skin and helps it fight against aging.
Green Vegetables: Including those verdant green Lettuce's and Spinaches into your shopping bag will keep your skin forever young. Vitamin E found in replete quantities in these leafy vegetables works in tandem with Vitamin C to fight aging.
Peppermint: Adding peppermint leaves in tea will help you alleviate unwanted stress. Stress is known to be one of the reasons behind acnes that develop on your face.
Tomatoes: This fruit from the berry family is rich in vitamin C which prevents the loosening of skin.
Red Grapes: Red grapes contain natural anti-oxidants which help fight skin diseases like psoriasis.
Avacado: Avacado's are rich in vitamin E which help in giving your skin a lustrous glowy look.
Water: Last but never the least, water is perhaps the most underrated skin tonic. Drinking water at regular intervals helps you flush out the toxins in your system.


text:
Directors & Trustees' Limitation Defence Fails
The Supreme Court ruled on 28 February that on an inter-company transaction, Directors & Trustees can't rely on a standard six-year limitation defence.[i] The claim by company Liquidators against its Directors for alleged breach of statutory and fiduciary duties was originally struck out on a summary judgment application, as being past the standard six years deadline.
The Supreme Court's decision rejecting that and other lines of defence has wider implications including for Directors, Trustees and D&O Indemnity insurers regarding the way that transfer of company assets are dealt with.
The decision was based on preliminary points of law of general importance, and the Defendants maintain their defence to the allegations as a whole.
This case concerned a claim by a company, Burnden Holdings which went in to administration in October 2008 and liquidation in 2009.The claim was against some of its former Directors for breach of fiduciary and statutory duty under the Companies Act 2006, including allegations that the directors failed to:
act in accordance with the company's constitution and use their powers for the purpose for which they are conferred (s171);
exercise independent judgment (s173);
avoid conflicts of interest and conflicts of duty (s175);
declare interest in proposed transaction or arrangement (s177).
The Liquidator alleged that a distribution "in specie" (in its current form without converting it to cash) of the Claimant company's shareholding in a subsidiary company on 12 October 2007 was unlawful and in breach of duty. The Directors were previously majority shareholders. The Liquidator contended that the claimant company did not have sufficient accumulated realised profits to make the distribution.
The claim against the Directors was issued on 15 October 2013. It was agreed between the parties that the proceedings were issued more than six years after the date of the distribution in specie on 12 October 2007. The Directors' application for summary judgment striking out the claim was confined to the question of limitation.
The Liquidator relied upon s.21(1)(b) of the Limitation Act 1980, (LA 1980), which provides that no standard six years or other period of limitation applied to an action by a beneficiary under a trust to recover from the trustee trust property or the proceeds of trust property in the possession of the trustee. The Liquidator argued that this included a transfer to a company directly or indirectly controlled by the trustee. As such, no period of limitation applied to the present claim.
The Liquidator also claimed that questions relating to the availability of a postponed limitation period, such that those proceedings had been commenced in time, under LA 1980, s 32, on the basis that the breach of duty was deliberately concealed, could not be determined on an application for summary judgment.
The Liquidator's case was that the Company's claim was analogous to an action by a beneficiary under a trust where a beneficiary can recover trust property or trust proceeds from a trustee which has been converted to the trustees' benefit. These types of claim can't be barred for being "out of time".
The Supreme Court unanimously agreed, dismissing the appeal, finding that section 21(1)(b) applies to trustees who are company directors, to be treated as being in possession of the trust property from the outset. For the purposes of section 21, the Defendant Directors are regarded as trustees, because they are entrusted with the stewardship of the company's property and owe fiduciary duties to the company in respect of that stewardship.
The company is regarded as the beneficiary of the trust under section 21. Contrary to the Defendants' submissions, section 21(1)(b) does not become inapplicable merely because the misappropriated property has remained legally and beneficially owned by corporate vehicles, rather than having become vested in law or in equity in the defaulting directors.
Section 21 is primarily aimed at express trustees and is applicable to company directors by a process of analogy. An express trustee might or might not from time to time be in possession or receipt of the trust property. By contrast, in the context of company property, directors are to be treated as being in possession of the trust property from the outset. It is precisely because, under the typical constitution of an English company, the directors are the fiduciary stewards of the company's property, that they are trustees within the meaning of section 21.
If their misappropriation of the company's property amounts to a conversion of it to their own use, they will necessarily have previously received it, by virtue of being the fiduciary stewards of it as directors.
On the assumed facts of the present case, the Defendants converted the company's shareholding in the subsidiary when they procured or participated in its subsequent unlawful distribution. By the time of that conversion the defendants had previously received the property because, as directors of the Claimant, they had been its fiduciary stewards from the outset.
Regarding the LA 1980, s 32 argument, in-depth analysis of the issue would take the court into a minefield of difficulties. It was not necessary to decide this point because of a recent amendment to the claim pleading fraud, and because of the court's decision about the meaning of section 21, meaning the issue is unsuitable for summary judgment.
Where a company claims against a Director that the director has wrongfully or in breach of their fiduciary duties transferred the company's property for their own benefit, no limitation defence will apply.
When considering limitation issues, it is important to assess whether LA 1980, s 21(1)(b) regarding a beneficiary's claim against a trustee applies. If it does, then there will be no limitation period for the purposes of the claim, and the claim can't be struck out for delay.
The effect of LA 1980, s 21(1)(b) can't be avoided simply by using a corporate vehicle to receive the assets involved. The section includes a transfer to a company directly or indirectly controlled by the trustee.
Directors of a company are treated as having previously received all of the company's assets, where they benefit from the transaction complained of and the assets are treated as having been converted to their benefit.
Regarding D&O's indemnity insurance, this will be impacted where there is now no time limitation on claiming against directors regarding disposal of company assets.
On disposing of company assets, additional due diligence is required, ensuring that there is no breach of Directors' statutory or fiduciary duties, to protect against future scrutiny from creditors seeking to reverse disposals, claw back company property or claim damages.
[i] Burnden Holdings (UK) Ltd v Fielding & ors [2018] UKSC 14.
Posted on March 13, 2018 July 27, 2020 by J Paul Sykes Posted in Directors & Shareholders, Legal Comment, Litigation, Uncategorized, Unfair Prejudice Tagged business, company, corporate, D&O Insurance, Director, Liquidator, Shareholder, Supreme Court Leave a comment
Directors & Shareholder Claims: 3
Understanding the options – 5 tips
As discussed in previous posts, Boardroom and shareholder disputes arise for many reasons. When they do, it is important to understand the legal rights of all parties and the options available. The consequences of allowing things to drift and potentially get worse shouldn't be ignored. There are options which help make life easier.
If you are a minority shareholder in a company, what happens if you have a disagreement with the majority shareholder, or a group which has more control?
How do you solve the problem, or even avoid a dispute?
In the third of this series, here are five important tips:
1] Shareholder Agreements
The House of Lords in Russell v Northern Bank Developments Corp Ltd[i] emphasised the practical utility of Shareholder Agreements. These are used for a wide variety of purposes, adding significantly to the company's constitutional regime of Memorandum and Articles. This includes providing personal rights to minority shareholders who otherwise have no control over fundamental points. The minority shareholder's concerns would be more difficult to deal with unless specifically covered as an enforceable private contract between members.
These should be provided in the Shareholder Agreement, covering similar areas to partnership agreements.
The benefits include avoiding future misunderstandings and practical difficulties in running the business.
A Shareholder Agreement typically deals with issues such as:
restrictions on transferability of shares
lack of a market for sale of shares
establishing a purchaser
formulas for valuation and funding
pre-emption rights
compulsory transfer or option arrangements
protection of minority members by permitting a veto
preserving confidentiality
efficient transfer on death, disability, retirement
regulating management and involvement of investors
mechanisms for dealing with stalemate.
2] "Unfair Prejudice" Petition
Section 994 of the Companies Act 2006 permits a shareholder to petition the court on the basis that the shareholder's interests have been unfairly prejudiced in the conduct of the Company's affairs due to e.g. breach of:
the Articles of Association
the Shareholder Agreement
fiduciary duties by directors
exclusion of a minority from the running of the company in small "quasi-partnership" companies.
The Court has wide discretion to grant the relief it decides is appropriate. This is often an order that the aggrieved minority shareholder's shares are purchased for 'fair value'. This may include a premium on the actual value of the shares as recompense to the petitioner for any wrongdoing by the majority.
3] What is a 'derivative claim' – S.260 of the Companies Act 2006?
In certain circumstances a shareholder can ask the court to prevent action being taken by the Directors which is harmful to the company, or make a claim against the Directors for any loss suffered by the company as a result of their action. The claim must be made by the shareholder on behalf of the company. The shareholder's right to bring a claim "derives from" the company. This is a claim made in a "representative capacity" by the individual shareholder, not on the shareholder's own behalf. It is the company which is suffering the harm. The damage to the company may also harm the shareholder indirectly, e.g. if there is a reduction in profits or other damage suffered.
Derivative claims are relatively unusual because although it is the member who issues the court proceedings as claimant to launch the action, the court must give permission for the claim to continue to trial. A number of tests have to be satisfied before the court will give permission.
The shareholder runs a risk on costs and at least initially has to fund the claim themselves. It is possible to obtain an order that the company indemnify the member, although they may obtain no immediate benefit themselves by launching the court case. However, if the claim succeeds, the company will have been protected. Ultimately, that should benefit the shareholder because it protects their investment in the company.
4] What is a claim under S.122(g) of the Insolvency Act 1996?
Any shareholder may apply to have a company wound up on "just and equitable grounds" including in quasi-partnerships, involving the shareholder's right to manage the company – Ebrahimi v Westbourne Galleries Ltd[ii]. The sole remedy here of winding up is draconian, available only in specific circumstances. This is the "nuclear option" in shareholder disputes – the aggrieved shareholder petitions the court for a winding up order to terminate the company.
Usually the shareholders' differences have become irreconcilable and a 'commercial divorce' is the only way to move forward. When a company is wound up, if there is anything left after paying the creditors and the liquidator the proceeds are divided amongst the shareholders.
Not every aggrieved shareholder will be able to justify a winding up petition to the court. There must be compelling reasons showing that the company can no longer continue. The aggrieved shareholder has to prove there will be a concrete benefit in making a winding up order. If there is some alternative remedy, which would allow the company to continue, the court may refuse to make the order.
A typical scenario where a winding up may be justified is where there is deadlock or stalemate between two or more shareholders in a quasi-partnership company which can't be resolved. Where there is an aggrieved minority shareholder, experience shows that the majority shareholder will seek to dispute:
the complaints by the minority that there was any "quasi-partnership" in the first place
the circumstances of any alleged unfairly prejudicial conduct
the alleged value of the business
the aggrieved minority shareholder's share
5] Finally
The sooner informed negotiations start, the more likely it is that a private business will survive a shareholder dispute. A comprehensive Shareholder Agreement can help to preserve operations and resolve matters quickly.
Expert legal advice early on could keep the process out of prolonged, expensive and destructive litigation. This is by providing the facts, insight and information to allow all parties to make informed decisions quickly. This would ultimately be to the benefit of the company as a whole and the shareholders individually.
For further information regarding minority shareholder / business disputes and unfair prejudice petitions contact jpsykes23@outlook.com
[i] [1992] 1 WLR 588
[ii] [1972] 2 All ER 492
Unfair Prejudice & Drag Along
Minority Shareholder wins Quasi Partnership claim
8 Ways to avoid a Business Dispute
Are you a Shadow or de facto director?
Service of a Claim Form on a Director
WHEN DIRECTORS FALL OUT
Posted on June 21, 2016 July 27, 2020 by J Paul Sykes Posted in Directors & Shareholders, Legal Comment, Litigation, Uncategorized, Unfair Prejudice Tagged business, Companies Act, company, Director, Directors, dispute, resolution, Shareholder, Shareholders Agreement, unfair prejudice Leave a comment
Resolving Boardroom Conflict – 5 More Tips
Disputes between shareholders of private companies are often emotional and can be as complicated as a personal divorce. The disruption to any business can be extremely damaging. Knowing what remedies are available to resolve matters quickly could be the key to survival.
What if the majority is taking unfair advantage of you?
What if you suspect co-shareholders are stealing from the company?
In the second of a series, here are five further important pointers to be aware of:
1/ Protecting the Minority
There is a common misconception that the complex laws and regulations relating to companies should achieve a just and fair relationship between a minority shareholder and the majority. However, there is very little law which protects the minority, unless the parties have agreed beforehand.
Differences between shareholders don't always arise because of power struggles or personal animosity. Frequently, disputes are down to differences in approach where one party wants to retire or withdraw their investment. Disagreements may centre on
valuation issues
the direction of the company
The public courts are unlikely to be the ideal venue for resolving shareholder disputes. Proceedings are in the public domain and the procedure can be expensive and slow.
Particularly where private companies are concerned, there are effective alternatives, including: negotiation, mediation and arbitration.
2/ Shareholder Agreement
An effective way to address potential problems before they arise is a Shareholder Agreement. This sets out ground rules for the shareholders in given circumstances. Many potential and predictable problems can be addressed in advance in a Shareholder Agreement. This leaves the shareholders to concentrate on managing the business, rather than a future internal dispute.
Amongst other things, the agreement can cover:
non-competition restrictions
bonus and remuneration formulae
approval/decision process for major corporate decisions
buy/sell provision – e.g. a "shotgun clause" to force a transaction
how a shareholder can realise his or her investment in the company
whether to impose any restrictions on selling shares
criteria on valuing the shareholding
exit provisions – timetable for sale
appointment of an independent third party to value the shares
a detailed dispute resolution framework
3/ What is an "Unfair Prejudice" claim?
The majority shareholders are in a powerful position, even where there is a Shareholder Agreement. However, the court will protect the position of minority shareholders from being abused in certain circumstances.
Section 994 of the Companies Act 2006 allows a shareholder to apply to the Court for an order declaring that the affairs of the company are being conducted in a manner unfairly prejudicial to the minority shareholder's interests. If the court agrees, it will usually order that the shares of the minority shareholder are bought for fair value. However, the Court has a very wide discretion as to what it can order, including:
purchase of the shares of any members of the company by other members or by the company itself and, in the case of the purchase by the company itself, the reduction of the company's capital accordingly
conduct of the company's affairs in the future
company to refrain from doing or continuing an act complained about, or to do an act about which the petitioner has complained that it has omitted to do
civil proceedings to be brought in the name and on behalf of the company by such persons and on such terms as the court may direct
company not to make any, or any specified, alterations in its articles without the court's permission
4/ When might a court find "unfair prejudice"?
Where a minority shareholder believes that the company is being run in a way which is unfairly prejudicial to some of the shareholders, the aggrieved shareholder can make an application to the Companies Court for a remedy. Unfairly prejudicial conduct may include for example:
majority shareholders paying themselves excess remuneration
majority shareholders failing to pay dividends
breach of duty by diverting business to majority shareholders or their connected companies
directors selling or buying assets at an unfair price
failing to pay declared dividends
undertaking activities which are not permitted under the company's Articles
doing something which might result in the company's insolvency
failure to follow company law or proper procedure on meetings.
failure to issue annual accounts
5/ "Quasi-Partnership"
In small to medium sized private companies, the court might be persuaded that a "quasi-partnership" exists. The aggrieved party may complain that there is a breach of their 'legitimate expectations' about what the company was set up to do, and how it would be run. E.g.
it was agreed, or a common intention is proved:
the company would carry on a particular business
all would be entitled to an equal say in how the company is managed
a mutual expectation of continued employment
the directors would be fair when deciding on the salaries to be paid, the amounts to be kept in the company to fund growth, and the dividends to be paid out
If the court decides that a quasi-partnership exists, termination of that arrangement or unfair prejudice to the minority may result in the majority being obliged to buy out the shares of the aggrieved minority shareholder. If the majority acts in breach of such
"legitimate expectations"
the court may intervene.
Where an aggrieved shareholder has cause for complaint, urgent action is required. The court may refuse to interfere if a minority shareholder let the matter slide. The court will treat this as acceptance of the action taken by the majority:
"delay defeats equity".
The court will consider all of the background circumstances on an application, including the minority shareholder's own conduct.
These applications are rarely straightforward and are often settled by negotiation before the court is asked to make a final decision. Quite often, one or more of the shareholders leave with a package.
Posted on June 15, 2016 July 27, 2020 by J Paul Sykes Posted in Directors & Shareholders, Legal Comment, Litigation, Uncategorized, Unfair Prejudice Tagged business, Companies Act, company, contract, court, Director, Directors, dispute, mediation, resolution, Shareholder, Shareholders Agreement Leave a comment
How to break the deadlock – 8 tips
Boardroom and shareholder disputes can arise for many reasons. When they do, it's important to understand the legal rights of all parties and the options available as well as the consequences of allowing things to get worse. However, there are some options which can make life easier:
In the first of a series, here are seven important pointers to be aware of:
1/ Minimal Influence
In company law, a minority shareholder (anyone with 49% or less) has minimal influence over the management of the company or the distribution of its profits. The standard constitution of a company and rules under the Companies Act give little protection to a minority shareholder.
Differences can and do arise as the business evolves and personal circumstances change:
there may be differences on strategy or the direction of the company
power struggles and poor personal relationships may develop
shareholders may wish to retire or disagreements occur on service contracts and remuneration.
There are ways in which the minority shareholder's interests can be protected, either by agreement with the other shareholders or as a last resort by taking action through the courts. It is easy for entrepreneurs to preference the initial brokering of a deal, and getting the new business up and running, over longer term, but equally important considerations. But it's always advisable to consider these scenarios at the beginning.
2/ Shareholder Agreements
A shareholder agreement is a must for a private company, especially where there are a relatively small number of shareholders who also manage the business. These don't always arrive without (you) the minority shareholder/s pressing for one. You need to proactively pursue this as part of the start up, or failing that, you should put it at the top of the agenda. In a Shareholder Agreement, the majority shareholder usually gives up some rights to the minority.
The process of preparing the Agreement helps shareholders address points which could become potential problems. This encourages the key players to work through the issues early, when everyone is positive and communications are still good.
It's much more straightforward and economic to deal with this as part of the start up, rather than risk the expense and uncertainty of going to court later. All concerned will know where they stand where there is a Shareholder Agreements. It reduces the risk of conflicts arising or getting out of hand.
An existing businesses can certainly set up a Shareholder Agreement at whatever stage in its evolution, for example when one of the main shareholders is considering retiring or their circumstances have changed.
It is also worth remembering that a Shareholder Agreement
is confidential
doesn't have to be filed at Companies House
sits behind the company's public face
is a private document between the shareholders.
3/ Points to Cover
A Shareholder Agreement can go a long way to ensuring disputes are avoided or at least, provide the mechanism that allows them to be settled quickly. An agreement identifies shareholders' specific responsibilities and outlines how and where disputes are to be resolved. For example, it can specify forced buy/sell provisions during a dispute and even include a formula or other means to determine the transaction price.
key objectives
financing and borrowing
dividends, directors' fees and salaries / profit distribution
controls on the appointment of Directors
major expenditure
exit mechanisms – for shareholder deaths, misconduct, divorce, incapacity, etc.
fair valuation process for transfer of shares
succession arrangements – insurance of key persons
The Shareholder Agreement gives minority shareholders a say in the business and some security. Without one, the minority would have little impact on decisions regarding the company and protecting their interests.
4/ How to enforce my rights as a shareholder?
Negotiation is the key, this should be explored first, rather than threatening legal action. However it is important to know your legal rights, and the provisions of the Company constitution.
How do these apply to your position and the other interested parties?
It may be necessary for you to obtain details or documents as part of the process, which the company is reluctant to provide.
Take legal advice early on as to the pros and cons, the likely outcome, and the likely timescales and costs
Even where proceedings are issued, frequently a solution is reached through negotiation. This is usually much quicker and cheaper than having a decision imposed by the court. However, it may be necessary to exercise leverage by relying on your strict legal rights to achieve any progress.
5/ Solutions
There are various options, including:
proposing a resolution at a general meeting which redresses the situation
complaining to the police of any criminal acts
asking the board of directors to take action in the company's name against an individual director (because the shareholders can't sue in the company's name)
using a mediation service to settle a dispute.
6/ Mediation
A mediator will be someone who is experienced in this area of law. If agreement is reached with the help of the mediator, the compromise can be recorded in a legally binding document which can be enforced in the court, if one of the parties breaks it. The advantages of mediation include its relative cheapness compared to going to court, privacy (there is no public record) and speed.
If it isn't desirable or possible to achieve an accommodation where the aggrieved shareholder stays in the company, other solutions include:
the other shareholders buy out the aggrieved shareholder at a fair price
the company buys back the aggrieved shareholder's shares at a fair price
Make a reasonable offer to the aggrieved shareholder.
7/ Further Options
Where the Company refuses to cooperate, further options include:
applying to the court for an order that the company is acting or has acted unfairly (an "unfair prejudice" action under s.994 Companies Act 2006)
applying to the courts for the company to be wound up under s.122 of the Insolvency Act 1996
suing the directors for negligence by means of a Derivative Action under s.260 of the Companies Act 2006:
The courts encourage settlement of all disputes, including shareholder disputes. Where the majority has made a reasonable offer to the aggrieved minority shareholder to buy them out on reasonable terms, it is unlikely that the majority will have acted 'unfairly'. Then it wouldn't be 'just and equitable' to wind the company up. It is essential to take advice on the terms of any offer you make.
If you offer to go to mediation or alternative dispute resolution, you are also unlikely to have acted unfairly. However if the company is in financial difficulties a creditor may issue a petition under S.122 of the Insolvency Act, irrespective of the shareholders' wishes.
8/ Finally
Where the Court decides that a minority shareholder has been oppressed or unfairly prejudiced and the appropriate remedy is for the majority buy the minority shares, this is often done at a "fair value" i.e. fair market value, without deduction for a minority discount.
Where the majority gives an undertaking to buy the shares of the aggrieved minority at fair value, usually the court will adjourn the unfair prejudice petition. However, the fundamental battle ground is frequently
the basis of the business valuation
the underlying assumptions
the data and criteria on which it is based.
The valuation of a private company is an area of potential significant difference between the parties. These can be quite complex disputes, but qualified and experienced legal advisors and valuation experts hired early in the process will help you through this potentially sensitive and difficult area.
Posted on June 14, 2016 July 27, 2020 by J Paul Sykes Posted in Directors & Shareholders, Legal Comment, Litigation, Uncategorized Tagged business, Companies Act, company, Director, dispute, litigation, Shareholder, Shareholders Agreement, unfair prejudice, will Leave a comment
Shareholder and Boardroom Disputes: Tips (2)
In the second in a series of articles, read my piece in the link below on:
Minority Shareholders
Boardroom Disputes
Unfair Prejudice claims
Posted on October 22, 2015 July 27, 2020 by J Paul Sykes Posted in Directors & Shareholders, Legal Comment, Litigation, Unfair Prejudice Tagged business, Companies Act, Director, dispute, Shareholder, Shareholders Agreement, unfair prejudice Leave a comment
Shareholder & Boardroom Disputes: Tips (1)
In the first of a series of articles, read my piece in the link below on:
Posted on October 14, 2015 July 27, 2020 by J Paul Sykes Posted in Directors & Shareholders, Legal Comment, Litigation, Unfair Prejudice Tagged boardroom, business, claim, Director, dispute, just and equitable, Shareholder, Shareholder Agreement, unfair prejudice, valuation Leave a comment
Read my piece in the link below on
A succesful claim establishing unfair prejudice by a petition under s. 994 of the Companies Act 2006
The latest Practice Direction on unfair prejudice claims, introducing Automatic Directions
http://www.luptonfawcett.com/blog/unfair-prejudice-minority-shareholders-win/
Posted on June 26, 2015 June 26, 2015 by J Paul Sykes Posted in Directors & Shareholders, Legal Comment, Litigation Tagged Companies Act 2006, Director, s994, Shareholder, unfair prejudice 1 Comment


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Barcelona Analysis
Home Analysis Recruitment Analysis A good profit: Why Barcelona could be forced to sell summer signing
A good profit: Why Barcelona could be forced to sell summer signing
The pandemic is very likely to have financial losses in the accounts of many football clubs. It will though, have an even bigger impact on clubs that were already in debt and were not doing too well financially. Barcelona are one of the clubs that were in some debt because of their poor handling of the transfer affairs.
And because of this, they can be forced to sell players. The early signs are that this might be true. One of the players that they might have offload to improve financially is Junior Firpo.
Reports from Mundo Deportivo have stated that Roma and Napoli are looking at the possibility of signing Firpo, with Torino also interested. Most of the leading football tipsters are suggesting a move to Serie A is Firpo's preferred destination if he does have to leave. While Barcelona fans might not like this prospect of a deal, but it is a harsh reality that might be facing the club at this point and Firpo might just help the club make some financial profits.
The former Real Betis man had arrived at the Nou Camp last summer, despite links with Liverpool and Manchester United. The move came in slightly surprising fashion. Initially, it was reported that the English clubs were looking to trigger his release clause to sign him. But the manner in which Barca signed him was very different.
Despite the release clause, the Catalans roped him in for just £16.3 million– a fee that was nothing compared to the actual release clause. It was dubbed as a very good deal for Barcelona- one that saved them money and gave them a quality option at left-back and left-wing.
This season, Firpo couldn't make himself a regular part of the Barca first-team. He's made only 12 La Liga appearances, with nine being starts. In the Champions League, he made three starts while Jordi Alba played regularly in the bigger games.
His progress has often been derailed by injury, but he's missed only three games because of that earlier in the season.
It isn't tough to remember how important a player Firpo was for Quique Setien at Betis. He was a regular for him at left-back or left wing-back, depending on the formation. He has made three starts under Setien at Barca too, grabbing one assist in the league.
But he has generally been a back-up to Alba and is seen as a long-term replacement for him. But his cheap signing makes Firpo a rather easy target for a potential sale. The fact that they signed him cheaply means that they can offload him for a bigger fee and earn some money for a potential replacement in the summer.
It isn't to say that the Spaniard is a bad player. Back at Betis, he was known to be an attacking full-back who had contributed to seven league goals last season. His versatility makes him a player who can trouble defences and he was a key part of the Spanish U21s side that won the Euros in 2019. It was after that trophy win that Barca had signed him.
Ideally, he shouldn't leave and deserves a chance. But the situation is such that there is interest in him and Barca could easily spark a bidding war and sell him for a profit. He is still young and they can get a good yield.
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The universe, the gods and the vices.
Co-host on the Conversation Hour today, Kaz Cooke, is writing a book.
She shares the odd story she found about a Jamaican reggae star VYBZ KARTEL.
Read about part of it here in the Guardian.
Bill Bryson is a best-selling author.
Bill's in town as a guest of the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health - apt considering his love of the brain and scientific facts!
The Florey celebrates its 50th anniversary next year.
Judith Lucy; comedian, actor, writer.
Her new book Drink Smoke Pass Out is kind of volume two of her memoir - in her last best seller we learnt about her family.
Now she's moved on to the meaning of life.
For automatic updates when new episodes of the Conversation Hour are available subscribe at the iTunes Store.


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Home USA Wright State University
MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering
Wright State University, Dayton | USA
MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering is one of the best courses to choose from that offers in-depth learning . MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering from Wright State University offers exceptional education, high-end practical learning and career opportunities for international students. After receiving their MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering from the Wright State University, students will be able to pursue research work as well as work as a professional in the field.
Completing a master's degree increases your chances of employment and helps you earn more. Wright State University offers exceptional education, high-end practical learning and career opportunities for international students. After receiving their MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering from the Wright State University, students will be able to pursue research work as well as work as a professional in the field.
The interactive curriculum, research opportunities and exceptional teaching faculty at Wright State University provide students with a great learning experience. MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering helps students become creative and independent researchers. Overall, an MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering from the Wright State University is an excellent choice for students who want to build a promising career. The employment rate of graduates from Wright State University is high, and all its courses are structured to empower students for current and future industry requirements.
https://www.wright.edu/admissions/international
Know more about Wright State University
Why Study MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering at Wright State University
Learn from world-renowned faculty
Work in high-end labs for research work
Career services programs to help find job opportunities
Internships, volunteering, workshops and other opportunities to enhance your skills and experience
Strong network of alumni all over the world
MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering at Wright State University is affordable for international students. Your tuition fee can be significantly lowered with the help of scholarships and other financial aid.Dayton, where Wright State University is located, offers a high quality of life, and it is easy to find inexpensive housing
Academic skills, as well as other achievements, are taken into consideration during the admissions process. An essential factor for admission is English language proficiency. Since MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering is taught in English, you must be fluent in the language and meet their English language test requirements.
Below are the minimum requirements for MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering at Wright State University:
Apart from English language proficiency, one must meet the following requirements for admission. Students must also submit the following documents during the application process. Any missing or invalid documents can lead to the rejection of your application.
Must have completed their 10+2 from a recognised school
Should hold a 3-4 year bachelor's degree from an accredited university
Must maintain a good GPA in both high school and bachelor's degree
Must attain qualifying GRE/GMAT scores (if required)
Academic transcripts from school and undergraduate degree
Application procedures and eligibility criteria vary from course to course. Note the application deadlines and apply well in advance to increase your chances of selection. Keep all the documents handy and check all information to ensure a smooth application process.
Students must follow these steps to apply to Wright State University
Visit the official Wright State University website and go to the 'Application' section
Through scholarships, students can complete their education at a reduced cost. Scholarships are awarded based on factors such as merit and need or both. Here are some of the scholarships available for MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering at Wright State University for international students.
Horace W Goldsmith Fellowship
Kelley School Of Business Merit Fellowship
Graduate Incentive Award MS Applied Economics
Other Courses at Wright State University
BSEd in Public Health Education
Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology
BA in Public Health
MS in Microbiology and Immunology
MS in Pharmacology and Toxicology
What are the career opportunities after completing MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering?
The scope of an MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering is vast and ever-expanding. You can work as a professional or pursue research after completing a MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering
Who can apply for MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering?
Those with a bachelor's degree in relevant subjects from an accredited college or university with an excellent academic record can apply for an at Wright State University
What's the course fee for at Wright State University?
The tution fee for at Wright State University is ₹43,09,545 You can also apply for scholarships to bring down the costs. Besides, with internships and part-time jobs, expenses can be managed
MS in Aerospace Systems Engineering in other countries
UK | 151
Australia | 59
Ireland | 21
$10,063 (Rs 774,045)


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Insanity Pleas and the James Holmes Case
By Lessem, Newstat & Tooson, LLP
James Holmes became an instant villain when he burst into a midnight showing of the highly anticipated film The Dark Knight Rises and shot at the men and women who were in the audience. The violent shooter was arrested on the count of 12 deaths and 58 injuries due to his actions. Since his arrest, Holmes has been held in a jail in Arapahoe County, Colorado. His defense lawyer claims that Holmes is insane which is why he is being held in the medical ward. Yet other patients in the Arapahoe County Jail say that Holmes is far from insane and is even flaunting his sanity in the medical ward.
Holmes' cell allegedly has a larger bed than most, a case of dominoes and a chessboard, and newspaper clippings from the day of the shooting. Holmes also allegedly has a window to look outside in his cell, a luxury for those who are held in the prison. One jail-mate told Fox News that she has heard Holmes on the phone recently and doesn't believe that he suffers from any mental illnesses. She says that she does believe that he wants to glorify what he did, which is why he has posted newspaper clippings of the attack on his cell walls.
The jail mate says that she suspects that Holmes knows exactly what to do in order to minimize his charges. She believes that he is acting and is not insane at all. If you have been charged with a crime, and suffer from a mental disability, then this can have a heave effect on your case. If your lawyer is able to prove your cognitive disability and your inability to decipher that what you were doing was wrong, then you may be acquitted of your charges. Contact a California mental health lawyer if you or someone that you love suffers from mental health illnesses and is currently on trial.
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