Obtaining planning permission is often the first hurdle to ensuring you are able to develop your property and business the way you intend to. Failing to obtain the necessary consents can have consequences for your business. Trying to understand the statutory requirements and negotiate the planning system and legislation can be difficult. Here at Claphams, we are able to assist you and your business. Our solicitors have extensive knowledge in planning and consents matters and will be able to guide you and your business on how best to approach your development from a planning perspective.
Regardless of the nature or scale of your intended development, Claphams solicitors can help you. We have experience in planning applications across a range of industries including retail, leisure, hospitality and residential developments.
In any planning application, the initial step is always to assess whether permission is needed in the first place. In a small number of circumstances, obtaining planning permission won't be necessary. If your proposed development or alteration is what is known as a 'permitted development' then you will not be required to gain planning permission. However, where your development involves erecting a new building or changing the use of your commercial property, you will be required to obtain the requisite planning permission.
If your proposed development is classed as 'major' then it may be necessary to undertake a community consultation prior to submitting a planning application. The proposal must be publically advertised and a public consultation must take place to allow the local community to express their views on the proposed development.
Who decides whether to grant planning permission?
In general, smaller scale local developments will be decided by local authority officials under the powers delegated to them by the Scheme of Delegated Functions. For larger scale developments, which may be deemed to be controversial, the permission will either be granted or denied by local Councilors sitting on the Planning Applications Committee.
If you are considering a new business venture or seeking to expand a current one, our solicitors have experience and expertise in planning matters and are well placed to advise you on the process. Claphams commercial property department would be delighted to help you with any needs you may have, including assisting with obtaining planning permission. Based in Clarkston in Glasgow's Southside, we help clients in Newton Mearns, Netherlee, Giffnock, Eaglesham, Carmunnock, Stewarton and across Glasgow. Contact us today 0141 620 0800 or fill out our online enquiry form to discuss your needs.


Built between 1956 and 1961, 50 aircraft (32 C-133A and 18 C-133B) were delivered to the USAF.
After a short career, the type was declared obsolete and retired in 1971 after the introduction of the C-5A Galaxy. C-133B 90529 was subsequently preserved at the New England Air Museum until it was badly damaged by a tornado which swept through the museum in 1979.


In our catalog you can find for myself whore by price, parameters, services and rent whore in The Ledge.
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text:
Владлен Сергійович Козлюк — український борець греко-римського стилю, бронзовий призер чемпіонату Європи.

Спортивні результати на міжнародних змаганнях

Виступи на Чемпіонатах світу

Виступи на Чемпіонатах Європи

Виступи на інших змаганнях

Виступи на змаганнях молодших вікових груп

Посилання

Українські борці греко-римського стилю
Бронзові призери чемпіонатів Європи
Спортсмени Одеської області

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you have been at Java for awhile it's likely you recognize a few names on my short list. When I was learning Java around 1995, I was programming apps in VC++ with MFC and Trumpet Winsock. Oh ya, I really am that old. On my lunch breaks I would watch media presentations by Bruce Eckel. Likewise, books by David Flanagan where handy to find documentation on the utility libraries I needed with some examples for my projects. You see my point, the bar is high to be a Java Champion.
So why am I excited about Jim Manico as a Java Champion? It's just this, security is well represented by the academic and research communities but not so much by the community of security practitioners. When I say security practitioners, I mean the people that live and breath security every day for their primary job. I'm sure it's no surprise what type of a world we live in, every day there's a new breach story. Broad experience defending software application systems is benefit, security methodologies, are all important perspectives to bring to the champions when expressed thoughtfully.
A disclosure, I have known Jim for a long time and our careers have crossed each others many times. Years ago, I first met Jim when he interview me for a job opportunity. I believe Jim was a Director of OWASP at the time. The interview was interesting, stressful, humbling, and all at the same time. I'm guessing the interview went well since I got the job. So much has changed since those days. On several occasions I have been invited to lead security content for Oracle's JavaOne developers conference event. Jim assisted me several times on the content leadership team to help me review security researcher submissions. Jim also presented and in 2013 he made JavaOne Rock Star. The following year, I had the opportunity and pleasure to assist Jim with his technology book, Iron-Clad Java: Building Secure Web Applications. More recently, I attended his first application defenders conference, LocoMocoSec, in Hawaii. Jim is making a tremendous impact throughout the field. I'm delighted to see him bring his broad security practitioner perspective and influence to the Java Champions program.


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Study: 35 Percent of Iraq Vets Seek Mental Care
By Joseph Shapiro
Published February 28, 2006 at 7:25 AM EST
MELISSA BLOCK, host:
A new study says large numbers of troops coming home from Iraq are seeking help for mental health issues. More than one in ten are being diagnosed with a mental illness.
NPR's Joseph Shapiro has that story.
JOSEPH SHAPIRO reporting:
Charles Hogue is the doctor who puts numbers to mental health disorders among soldiers. He's an Army psychiatrist at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. For his latest research, Hogue studied the medical records of more than 200,000 soldiers and marines back from Iraq.
Dr. CHARLES HOGUE (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research): After being home for a year, about a third of all soldiers and Marines who had been in Iraq used mental health services of one kind of another.
SHAPIRO: Thirty-five percent got help for some problem like not sleeping, being angry or anxious. And that's just those who went to military clinics. Hogue's numbers don't count visit to chaplains, or those who quickly left the military and then went to VA clinics. Hogue says the numbers show soldiers know to ask for help and where to get it. And he says getting help early can stop a small problem from turning into a big one, like post-traumatic stress disorder. That's a sometimes disabling psychiatric condition that can result from being exposed to danger.
Dr. HOGUE: A lot of soldiers who come back from a war zone are jumpy, revved up and don't sleep well. Those are normal reactions after combat, and if you address those as normal reactions and treat them early, then our goal is to prevent post-traumatic stress disorder and depression down the road.
SHAPIRO: Of all the soldiers and marines who did seek help, 12 percent got diagnosed with a serious mental health problem, PTSD, anxiety or depression. That number turns out to be lower than some experts had expected. Hogue thinks it's because troops do get treated early. But he says it might be that military mental health providers simply don't want to give someone a more stigmatizing diagnosis like PTSD. Tom Berger says that means the actual number could be higher.
Dr. TOM BERGER (Vietnam Veterans of America): The job of the military, of course, is war. It's not mental health.
SHAPIRO: Berger works with returning veterans. He's the head of the PTSD and Substance Abuse Committee for Vietnam Veterans of America. Berger says the military's done a lot to add mental healthcare. That's a lesson learned from the advocacy of Berger and others who served in Vietnam. But he worries that there's still a lot of stigma that prevents troops from seeking help, and that conditions like PTSD may not show up for months or even years later.
Dr. BERGER: Well, it could be anywhere from a month to several years. I mean, in the case of Vietnam veterans, we still have people turning up for the first time. For years they've been self-medicating or they've been in denial. The problem is that we know from previous research that it takes awhile for PTSD to show up and for people to recognize that they need help.
SHAPIRO: Two years ago, Dr. Hogue was the lead author of a widely quoted study. That one found that 17 percent of troops come home from Iraq showing signs of a serious mental health problem. At the time, other experts predicted that number would rise, especially as combat became more widespread. But Hogue's new study didn't find that.
Dr. HOGUE: The higher rates actually were observed in the earliest part of the war. So even though the war has changed, there were a lot of other improvements in theater that improved morale and may have helped to reduce the mental health consequences, things like better living conditions, air conditioning, better meals, better access to mental health services.
SHAPIRO: There was also speculation that women soldiers and National Guard and reserve members who are older would have more mental health problems. But the new study shows that women and guardsmen report only slightly higher rates of mental health concerns. The research appears in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Joseph Shapiro, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
US / WorldNPR Top StoriesAll Things Considered
Joseph Shapiro
Joseph Shapiro is a NPR News Investigations correspondent.
See stories by Joseph Shapiro

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Nigeria's 54gene launches diagnostics arm 7RiverLabs
By Tom Jackson on December 20, 2021 Startups, West Africa
Nigeria's 54gene, the health technology company advancing African genomics research for improved global health outcomes, has announced the launch of its diagnostic arm 7RiverLabs.
Launched in 2019, 54gene is a research, services and development company founded that utilises human genetic data from diverse African populations to improve the development, availability and efficacy of medical products that will prove beneficial to Africans and the wider global population.
The startup raised a US$25 million Series B funding round back in September, and has now launched 7RiverLabs, a series of diagnostic hubs fitted with state-of-the-art technology that offer healthcare providers and patients access to world-class, cost-effective, speedy, reliable and advanced molecular diagnostics.
Sample collection centres with over 100 employees are already open in Lagos, Abuja, Kano and Port Harcourt, with more centres due to launch in 10 major Nigerian cities in the coming months. Pan-African expansion for 7RiverLabs is also planned over the course of 2022.
Formerly known as DiagnoseMe Africa, 7RiverLabs – named after the seven major rivers on the continent – is designed to equalise precision medicine for African populations. Building on that vision, 54gene has domesticated diagnostic technology, eliminating the need for samples to be sent abroad for analysis. Physicians will now be able to detect and prevent diseases earlier, thereby helping to improve patients' treatment outcomes and quality of health.
"Launching 7RiverLabs is a manifestation of one of the goals 54gene set out to achieve two years ago – to improve diagnostic and treatment outcomes on the continent. With the range of tests 7RiverLabs offers, millions of Africans can begin to take greater control of their health. Our goal with this new diagnostics arm is to ensure that every African has access to our hubs offering advanced laboratory tests without having to pay an exorbitant out-of-pocket fee. Patients will receive speedy results that will guide their physicians in reducing late diagnoses leading to poor chances of survival, improve their treatment options and ultimately their quality of life," said 54gene founder and CEO Dr Abasi Ene-Obong.
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Dystopia è il secondo album in studio del gruppo musicale canadese Beneath the Massacre, pubblicato il 28 ottobre 2008 dalla Prosthetic Records.

Il disco
La canzone Nevermore è una nuova registrazione della canzone omonima inclusa nell'EP Evidence of Inequity. Riguardo all'album, il cantante Elliot Desgagnés ha spiegato:

Tracce

Formazione
 Elliot Desgagnés – voce
 Christopher Bradley – chitarra
 Dennis Bradley – basso
 Justin Rousselle – batteria

Note

Collegamenti esterni


The International Monetary Fund will soon issue its latest World Economic Outlook ahead of the mid-April meeting of leading finance ministers and central bank governors. The gathering will take place amid an increasingly uncertain and downbeat outlook.
Most 2019 forecasts for the US predict a slowing economy, but one growing above potential. Strong labour markets buoy disposable income and consumption. However, weaker US growth and purchasing managers index figures, tensions from President Donald Trump's trade wars and other external risks cloud the outlook. The Federal Reserve's continuing dovish swerves reinforce suspicions of a more significant softening, perceptions that will only be strengthened by the inverting yield curve.
China's economic outlook poses major questions. Deleveraging and trade tensions continue to weigh. Strong monetary and fiscal stimulus may be arresting a weakening in activity. But the authorities' stimulus is restrained relative to past efforts. Given the echo chamber of official pronouncements, all forecasts pencil in a growth estimate of more than 6% for 2019. But the reality is that Chinese data are suspect. Anecdotal reports point to a much sharper downturn than soothing words from the authorities suggest. Further, a sustainable Chinese growth rate – let alone in a consumer driven economy, de-emphasising inefficient investment and intensive use of credit by state-owned enterprises – is significantly lower than 6%.
The euro area offers perhaps the most sombre outlook. In January, the IMF marked down its October 2018 WEO projection for 2019 EA growth to 1.6% from 1.9%, and Germany's to 1.3% from 1.9%. But in all likelihood, the Fund has farther to cut. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development recently projected much weaker 2019 growth for euro area and Germany, at 1% and 0.7%, respectively. Between December 2018 and March of this year, the European Central Bank cut its euro area 2019 outlook to 1.1% from 1.7%, and even then underscored downside risks. It also slashed its inflation projections to 1.2% from 1.6%, underscoring again the ECB's longstanding inability to even approach its inflation objective.
French and German purchasing managers indices were sharply lower in March, highlighting continuing weakness of German manufacturing. That sector is probably being in part hit not only by automotive sector issues but the depth of China's downturn. The German 10-year bond yield just turned negative, the first time since late 2016.
At its early March meeting, the ECB put forward its own dovish swerve, in essence offering new longer-term refinancing operations and extending its forward rate guidance. Perhaps the ECB was seeking to catch up with the market or get ahead of the curve. Regardless, the seeming boldness of its actions underscored anew that robust ECB measures, which could inspire market confidence, are often held back until it's too late by German and northern European countries' influence in the governing council. In the light of anaemic growth rates in the euro area, what will happen when the next major European downturn arrives, and the ECB potentially faces a starting point of a minus 0.4% deposit rate?
Meanwhile, fiscal policy offers scant support. Countries that have fiscal space, such as Germany, may use it only sparingly. But others facing weakness – especially Italy, whose debt load poses an enormous stability risk to Europe and the world – don't have space. Nor does France, which is also being impacted by the 'gilet jaunes' opposition. Discussions on a euro area fiscal capacity are making little headway.
The UK continues to flounder with its exit from the EU. European banks remain weak, as evidenced by Italian bank woes and improbable discussions on a possible merger of Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank – two unwieldy, low-profit banks, whose merger would pose enormous multiyear challenges for integrating systems, cultures and the like.
Emerging markets are perhaps somewhat of a bright spot. The Fed's pause has eased financing strains and outflow pressures. But emerging market positioning is already stretched. To the extent that lower global interest rates reflect weakening global growth, the latter can negatively impact commodity prices and emerging market exports to advanced economies. While emerging markets are in much better health now than during past advanced economy downturns, there are idiosyncratic weaknesses among some, renewed signs of froth in lending to these markets, and financial stability risks – such as crowded trades in domestic sovereign debt – are present.
The spring meetings will undoubtedly seek to call for a renewed sense of global co-operation and multilateralism and create a positive buzz. But the US is generating trade tensions for the world and understandably – and regrettably – seen as an unreliable leader and partner. China is fighting off its near-term economic malaise at the same time its growth model is facing rising internal contradictions between the state and markets. An introverted Europe is consumed by its own weaknesses.
Despite the outward appearances, international co-operation and multilateralism may unfortunately be in short supply at the spring meetings. Behind the curtains, they are likely to be a downbeat event.


I call this a "men's wedding band", but I created these rings to be versatile for any gender or couple and to accommodate mixing and matching to create the perfect set just for you. These rings are designed to be combined with other bands in this collection to create the perfect matching his/her, his/his, or her/her designs - just contact me with questions or special requests.
This listing is for a single faceted band. Select your preferred metal from the drop-down menu.
In order to offset additional material and labor costs, ring sizes over 11.5 will incur an additional charge of $10 per quarter size for 950 palladium and $25 per quarter size for gold or palladium.
Turn around is currently 4-5 weeks. A rush order may be available for a fee. If you need your rings sooner, please contact me at [email protected] and I will do my best to meet your needs.


I'm on a roll with Project 365! I didn't miss a single day of picture taking this week. Granted it is only the first week of the year LOL. We'll see if my enthusiasm remains as the days roll on. You can click on the links to see the full size picture and a short description on Flickr.


Here's a quick video of Squid, the rabbit that inspired "Exploding Rabbit." The girl in the video is Iggy, my girlfriend. Squid was our roommate's rabbit, and this was our last time to see him since we were moving out, so we shot some video of him. Squid is, and always will be, the real exploding rabbit.


text:
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I got hypnotized to quit vaping
Can a cat in the mind's eye chase away the urge to Juul?
By Megan Johnson
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The hypnotist tells me I see a cat on the floor.
"What does the cat look like?" she says, as we sit in her muggy office in a Boston brownstone.
"It's — it's big. And fluffy," I say, trying my best to comply.
"Now you are on a beach, Megan. It is your own beach. Nobody else can have it. It is so peaceful. Do you like this beach, Megan?"
"Yes," I say, imagining palm trees swaying in the wind.
"I am going to write a series of numbers in the sand, and then use my hand to wipe them away one by one," she says. She counts down from five, then launches into the matter at hand.
"You don't need vaping," she tells me, repeatedly mispronouncing "vaping" as if it rhymes with "clapping." "No, you don't need it at all. It's nothing to you. You are doing wonderfully in every way."
I sought out a hypnotist after years of relying on an electronic cigarette. Though I quit smoking real cigarettes back in 2013, I never fully let go of my nicotine crutch. I chewed sheets of Nicorette gum, smoked "environmentally friendly" e-cigs, and finally graduated to a Juul vaporizer as it ascended in the market.
Soon, I found the little contraption owned my every move. While doing cardio at the gym, which I rely on for stress relief, I felt the clouds of smoke stunting my endurance. Once or twice, in the middle of the night, I woke up to find that I was still clutching the Juul in my hand. I started having heart palpitations, which terrified me. This summer — just before hundreds of cases of mysterious vaping-related illnesses hit the headlines and made vaping a proclaimed public-health crisis — I decided it was finally time to stomp out my habit.
The success stories I read about hypnosis for smoking cessation enchanted me. The possibility that I could rely on a power greater than myself to eliminate my consumption of highly-concentrated chemicals, engineered in a lab to exploit my addictive nature, was just the level of New-Age-y-sounding crap that I appreciate.
So after finding a hypnotist on Google, I go to her office on a late July afternoon. Delicate music streams in the background, the type that plays while you wait for your name to be called at the gynecologist. A flat-screen TV, on the wall overhead, broadcasts imagery of a babbling brook.
I haven't even left her office yet when my brain tells me to reach for my Juul and take a puff.
An attractive woman of Middle Eastern descent, the hypnotist wears broad wraparound-style glasses that remind me of the safety goggles kids wear to saw wood in high school shop class. I try to hide my smile, enchanted by her complimentary language and determined tone.
"Hold out your arm. Now stiffen it like a rod. And when I tell you to, you will relax it five times as much as before," she says. She goes head to toe, commanding me to relax each part of my body five times as much as it already is.
I'm drowsy, which is generally the result any time I lay back in a chair. The whole session takes about an hour, and I think I may have taken a brief nap. But as far as reaching deep into my subconscious, not so much.
She tells me to go home and throw every piece of my Juul away.
But I haven't even left her office yet when my brain tells me to reach for it in my bag and take a puff.
Seriously? I think. That soon?
Determined to quit, I walk one block over and stand by a garbage can. I take five heavy drags from my Juul before dropping it into trash and walking away.
Over the next week, the urge to vape is omnipresent, particularly before bed. I rifle through drawers, discovering several nearly-empty single-use e-cigs, left there from before I discovered the heightened concentration of a Juul. I take brief puffs from whatever is left in them, trying to grab just a trace of nicotine left inside.
I find myself angry to be in this bind. I must either suffer through cravings to live a healthy life, or give in and quell my nerves with the smooth embrace of nicotine, damaging my body in the process. My hope that hallucinating about a cat on the floor could be an effective treatment now feels even more enraging, as if I'd thought I could put out a house fire by squirting it with a water bottle.
Two weeks after my initial visit, I'm skeptical of the need and value of a follow-up. But I already made the appointment, so I show up.
"We do these follow-ups because every time you do hypnosis, it works faster and deeper," the hypnotist tells me. I look on skeptically, waiting for her to tell me to imagine another cat.
"You imagine a clock on the wall there," she says. "What does the clock look like?"
"A school clock," I reply.
I'm not listening well at this point, but I know she's saying someone is watching over me. She asks me to name this "guardian angel."
"Mhmmmmm," I mumble, barely even paying attention.
"Megan, I can't hear you. What do you want to call it?"
"Guardian angel," I say, not even sure what I'm talking about.
She repeats her trademark line: "You are doing wonderfully in every way."
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And then I hear her say, "Megan, MEGAN," encouraging me to awaken. Between the time she told me to imagine a clock and now, a 30-minute block of time has passed. I have no recollection of what took place. I could have been performing circus tricks on the streets of Boston, for all I know.
Again, the hypnotist advises me to go home and throw out all the e-cigs scattered through my apartment, which I diligently do.
Two months later, I am still 100 percent nicotine-free. (Okay, I smoked a cigarette at a wedding a couple weeks ago, but I don't regret it, because it was amazing.)
I see my friends who have yet to quit, twirling their Juuls in their hands, and for a moment I'm jealous of the feeling they get as they take a puff. But as the headlines stay clouded with terrifying stories about vaping-related deaths (mostly caused by black-market THC products, not the world's most famous nicotine cartridge), I know that my freedom from nicotine is a whole lot better. I can't say for sure that the cat or clock or hypnotist gets the credit, but I am doing wonderfully in every way.
Published on October 9, 2019
Megan Johnson is a writer based in Boston.
Illustration by Dom McKenzie
In Paris, an amateur baker meets her match — macarons
Taking on the quintessential French confectionary takes precision, multitasking, and confidence.
By Lian Parsons-Thomason
Stories in I Tried It
My (many) conversations with a talk therapy app
By Ceci Menchetti
At this fast food restaurant, machines do the cooking
By Heather Kapplow
© 2020 Northeastern University


As members may be aware, Land of Lincoln Mutual Health Insurance Company was placed into liquidation effective October 1, 2016 based upon an Agreed Order of Liquidation entered by the Circuit Court of Cook County. Effective as of the liquidation date, involvement by the Illinois Life & Health Insurance Guaranty Association was triggered.
During the wind-down process, the Guaranty Association has assumed responsibility for responding to provider inquiries regarding claims, appeals and status of open Accounts Receivables. This process has also included prior outreach to providers outlining the process for requesting a review of open accounts.
While in many cases providers have opted to submit individual claim appeals on the required appeal form, IHA was able to ensure that directions provided by the Guaranty Association to providers would also include electronic options for those providers with a significant number of outstanding claims.
All claims appeals must be submitted to the Guaranty Association no later than September 1, 2017.
For those providers submitting appeals electronically, the Guaranty Association developed a common Excel spreadsheet along with instructions and a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document to provide clarity around the process.
IHA will be communicating with the Guaranty Association during the month of August to assess the completeness of process and identify any significant open issues to be addressed on behalf of IHA members.
For a copy of the Illinois Life &Health Guaranty Association letter to providers, click here.
For a copy of the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) document, click here.
For a copy of the electronic filing form, click here; and instructions, click here.


From Chicago and South Chicago Suburbs: Take I-90W/I-94 W toward Wisconsin, keep left to take I-90W/Kennedy Expy toward Rockford/O-Hare. Continue onI-90/Jane Adams Expressway to I-294 N/Tri State tollway N toward Milwaukee (portions toll). From I-294 N merge onto Minor St/US-14 W toward Dempster St.W. Stay to the left of the I-294 S ramp immediately after exiting the expressway to merge onto Rand Rd. Make a right onto S. River Road/ US-45 N. 265 S. River Road will be on the right hand side just before corner of Sherman Place street within 2 blocks of turning.
From Western Suburbs: Take I-90 E/ Jane Adams Memorial Tollway E (portions toll) toward Chicago to Arlington Heights Road. Turn left onto Arlington Hts. Rd and follow to Golf Road/IL-58 and turn right. You will pass through a roundabout and will continue onto Golf Road E. Proceed on Golf Road to S. River Road and make a right. 265 S. River Road will be on the left as you are going south on River Road at the corner of Sherman Place street.
From Southwest Suburbs: Take I-88 E/Chicago-Kansas City Expressway E/ Ronald Reagan Memorial Tollway E toward I-290/Chicago/Rockford/I-294 N/ Tri-State/ O-Hare/Milwaukee. Merge onto I-294 N / Tri-State Tollway N toward Milwaukee/O'Hare (portions toll). Merge onto Minor St/US -14 W toward Dempster St. W. Merge toward left of I-294 S Ramp to merge onto Rand Road as you come around exit. Make Right onto River Road S. 265 S River Road will be on right just before Sherman Place street.
From Northern Suburbs: Take I-94 E/Tri State Tollway S toward Indiana. Keep right to take I-294 S/ Tri State Tollway S toward Indiana/O'Hare. Take exit toward Golf Road/IL-58. Follow signs after exit to remain on Golf Road past Oakton Community College on the right side of the road. Make a left onto S. River Road. 265 S. River Road is on the left hand side just past Sherman Place street.
From Northwest Suburbs: Go southeast on Rand Road to S River Road and make left at the corner of Rand Rd and River Road. 265 S. River Road will be on the right side just prior to Sherman Place street.


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Home | News, Policy & Economics | Topics | It "Should Be Like Masks" Resolution Urges Congress to Recognize Value of Vitamin D
It "Should Be Like Masks" Resolution Urges Congress to Recognize Value of Vitamin D
Tuesday, 16 March 2021 23:07 By Erik Goldman
Vitamin D "should be like masks. Everybody should know about it. The government agencies should be pushing it that way," says Congressman Glenn Grothman (R-WI).
Grothman, representing Wisconsin's 6th congressional district, wants to see vitamin D become part of the nation's COVID control efforts. Last month, he introduced a resolution urging the federal agencies to "recognize the significant role vitamin D may play."
Crystallograph of Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Image by Michael Davidson, Optical Microscopy Division, Florida State University
"If passed, my resolution will unite the voice of the House of Representatives in the search for additional ways to limit the negative effects of COVID-19 and hopefully encourage our public health establishment to issue much-needed guidance as to truly how effective vitamin D can be in preventing serious symptoms, complications, or death from the coronavirus."
While vitamin D has gotten considerable media attention in the last decade, Grothman told Holistic Primary Care that in his experience many people still do not realize its importance for maintaining overall health and, potentially, for improving immune system resilience against SARS-CoV-2.
So far, none of the federal health agencies have openly advocated for wider use of vitamin D in the fight against COVID. The Biden administration, like its predecessor, has been silent on this subject.
Challenging the Experts
Grothman is a hard-right heartland conservative who makes no secret of his disdain for highly paid experts and academics who—in his estimation—lack common sense. He believes the government's unwillingness to advocate vitamin D—a readily available, low cost, safe supplement–has done the public a disservice.
"You can't turn around without being told to wear a mask or stay six feet away from people. But there are people to this day who don't know about the benefits of vitamin D, and it's now 11 months after this pandemic broke. So, it seemed that somebody should be talking about it a little more."
–Rep. Glenn Grothman (R-WI)
He introduced his resolution (H.Res.116) to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on Feb. 11. It calls on the House to:
(1) recognize the benefits of vitamin D intake against preventing respiratory complications and infection;
(2) recognize the benefits of vitamin D intake for improved immune health and response;
(3) recognize the correlation between vitamin D deficiencies and poor COVID–19 patient outcomes, including hospital stays, ICU admittance, and mortality; and
(4) encourage the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration to update existing guidance and issue new guidance on vitamin D intake during the COVID–19 pandemic.
Enthusiasm vs Evidence
The scientific case for vitamin D in the COVID context is not quite as strong as Rep. Grothman's enthusiasm.
It rests largely on epidemiological correlations between vitamin D deficiency, increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness; observational studies showing that people with higher vitamin D levels are less likely to have severe COVID; and pre-COVID evidence that vitamin D regulates innate and adaptive immune responses and can mitigate some forms of acute respiratory dysfunction.
There is a placebo-controlled intervention study of 40 people with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection showing that 60,000 IU of cholecalciferol per day improved viral clearance rates, and an open-label study indicating that addition of oral calcifediol on top of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine reduced ICU admissions in a cohort of 50 hospitalized COVID patients.
But two recent large trials looking at use of high-dose vitamin D as treatment for acute hospitalized COVID patients show no significant benefit in terms of major clinical outcomes.
As many commentators have pointed out, there are methodological holes to be found in nearly all of the published studies, and some question the logic of using vitamin D in a drug-like manner as a late-stage intervention for severely ill patients.
"Evidence to date suggests the possibility that the COVID-19 pandemic sustains itself in large part through infection of those with low vitamin D, and that deaths are concentrated largely in those with deficiency. The mere possibility that this is so should compel urgent gathering of more vitamin D data."
–Vitamin D for All Open Letter to World Leaders
Though the epidemiologic data suggest that supplementation makes sense as a COVID prevention strategy, there are not yet any definitive studies showing that regular vitamin D use does, in fact, prevent transmission of the virus or that it will prevent infected people from developing symptoms.
Grothman contends that the available evidence is strong and consistent enough to warrant a more serious governmental consideration of this vitamin in the context of COVID prevention.
A Global Call
In making his case, he cites an open letter signed by more than 200 physicians, researchers, and policymakers around the world, naming vitamin D deficiency as "by far the most easily and quickly modifiable risk factor" in the COVID-19 equation, and urging governments of all nations to "immediately recommend and implement efforts appropriate to their adult populations to increase vitamin D, at least until the end of the pandemic."
According to the letter's authors, "Evidence to date suggests the possibility that the COVID-19 pandemic sustains itself in large part through infection of those with low vitamin D, and that deaths are concentrated largely in those with deficiency. The mere possibility that this is so should compel urgent gathering of more vitamin D data."
They urge world leaders to up the current Vitamin D recommendations to 4,000 IU daily (100 mcg) for adults (possibly more for darker-skinned people), to mandate routine serum vitamin D measurement for all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and to supplement when warranted by the test results.
"The preponderance of evidence indicates that increased vitamin D would help reduce infections, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, & deaths.
Why the Silence?
Rep. Grothman, now in his 3rd term, has generally not been involved in healthcare policy over the course of his congressional tenure. He says he became interested in the vitamin D question last Fall after he became aware of research by David Meltzer at the University of Chicago showing strong inverse associations between vitamin D status and risk of COVID infection. Studies from all over the world indicated similar patterns.
"We started running across these articles more and more, and we wondered why this wasn't being pushed by the professionals.
"You can't turn around without being told to wear a mask or stay six feet away from people. But there are people to this day who don't know about the benefits of vitamin D, and it's now 11 months after this pandemic broke. So, it seemed that somebody should be talking about it a little more, and it's been very frustrating that the people we pay the big bucks to at the CDC have been largely mute," Grothman told Holistic Primary Care in an interview.
For whatever it is worth, Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease did quietly recommend, in an Instagram Live session with actress Jennifer Garner, that people with deficiencies take Vitamin D to reduce their susceptibility to COVID. The Institute itself, however, has not made any formal recommendations.
Grothman says his impulse to raise the issue in Congress is entirely independent of financial interests. The initiative is not being funded by any supplement company or industry representatives.
"This is new stuff for me," he acknowledged. "I'm taking it now, but I wasn't taking it before."
Asked why public health officials have been so reluctant to mention vitamin D or, for that matter, any other supplements in the COVID guidelines, Grothman chose his words carefully:
"Cynical people would say—and I hate to become cynical—that they (the agencies) push stuff that people can make a lot of money on. But when it comes to alternative treatments, or prevention in the first place….you know, a bottle of vitamin D is pretty cheap…the interest seems to wane. Whereas if something more expensive, like a new drug, comes along a little more attention is paid to it."
So, the basic profit motive?
"People tell me that, and I don't like to believe it. But why else would they be sitting on this?" Grothman says.
Though his resolution is focused exclusively on vitamin D, Grothman also has axes to grind about fenofibrate, hydroxychloroquine and other low-cost generic drugs that he believes are being ignored, under-utilized, or used too late.
Seeking Bipartisan Support
Whether the vitamin D resolution gains traction in the House will depend on whether Grothman can muster support from across the political divide. About this he is confident.
"No question there will be bipartisan support," he said, citing Rep. Salud Carbajal, from California's 24th district as a potential ally from among the Democrats. Carbajal is, himself, a COVID survivor.
Grothman says his primary objective for the resolution is simply to "wake them up a little bit," referring to Congress and the public health establishment. Even if it does not pass, it will have done its job if it can spark interest among legislators from both parties, and generate some meaningful dialog.
The bill has gotten the attention of medical professionals, and several of the organizations representing holistic, functional, and naturopathic medicine have indicated tacit support.
In early March, the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians issued a statement commending Rep. Grothman, "for introducing a resolution before Congress that raises public awareness of vitamin D and calls for the FDA and other government agencies to study and recognize the connection between vitamin D deficiencies and COVID-19. As experts in natural medicine, licensed naturopathic doctors have long recognized and utilized the power of key vitamins, especially vitamin D, to help support the immune system."
While AANP "enthusiastically joins the call for our government's top public health agencies to issue guidance" on vitamin D and COVID, the organization is not taking any direct action to promote it. The California Naturopathic Doctors Association has urged members to contact their representatives and voice their support.
Patrick Hanaway, MD, coordinator of the Institute for Functional Medicine's COVID-19 Task Force, told Holistic Primary Care that from the perspective of biological plausibility and in alignment with the precautionary principle, it makes sense to incorporate vitamin D into public health policy around COVID.
Most functional medicine practitioners believe it is a good thing to use with their patients, and IFM's "Recommended Interventions" for COVID-19 suggest that adults take 5,000 IU orally per day.
But Hanaway points out that "the conventional scientific community has not agreed that having normal values of vitamin D is associated with helping to support the immune system. This is something that continues to be discussed."
IFM as an educational organization does not take official positions on political matters, and will not be issuing an official statement on the Grothman resolution, though the group supports it in principle.
"From my perspective I look at the science. This is a low-cost, low-risk intervention. We work with practitioners to try and educate them about that," Hanaway says.
Not surprisingly, the bill has generated considerable enthusiasm from within the dietary supplement industry. The Natural Products Association—one of the industry's largest trade organization—has been spearheading an effort to rally supplement companies and their consumer base.
Kyle Turk, NPA's deputy director of governmental affairs, says its members have already generated roughly 500 letters urging members of congress to support the resolution.
Though he stressed that NPA cautions its member companies against making COVID-related product claims—which are considered to be unlawful drug claims by the FDA—Turk says his organization is whole-heartedly behind the idea that things like vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, and many botanicals have a role to play in bolstering immune system resilence.
He is hopeful about the prospects for the vitamin D resolution.
"As polarizing as healthcare can be, something like this should be a two-foot putt for Congress. We can all agree that the use of vitamins and minerals to support healthy immune system is important. This could be a great way to start building bipartisanship."
IFM's New COVID Course Spotlights Strategies for Resilience & Recovery
COVID Pandemic Stokes Surge in Supplement Use
Helping Patients Heed COVID's Wake-Up Call
Vitamin D: A Top Priority for Protecting Your Patients This Winter
Covid Longhaulers Benefit From a Functional Medicine Approach
New Studies Strengthen Case for Zinc Against COVID, Respiratory Bugs


Many of the customized fire-feature units that Vancouver Gas Fireplaces works on are over-sized or odd-shaped steel fabricated fire boxes into which we install a burner system and apply finishing to it.
In this project, the finishes inside and around the fire feature were a core part of the design statement. One of our more recent design concepts was brought to us by McLeod | Bovell Design. What made this project unique was that it blended different materials to provide a sharply defined visual experience.
Initially, it was requested that the installation be done without any glass, which is often a discussion point. The VGF team had to explain that it was not possible to create a positive venting action within the proposed configuration. The opening was equivalent to a 14′ by 3′ conventional fireplace requiring a massive venting system – not to mention the potential for sucking huge amounts of heat out of the house. Given the location of the installation in the house with large amounts of natural light, the first set of ceramic glass installed was too reflective and was replaced by a new, less reflective product that has recently become available.
The challenge for this project was integrating the burner system into the base and the vent collection hood into a finished shroud above the fireplace. The base was designed as a concrete piece poured into place, which was stepped down on the inside to support the custom fabricated double-linear burner system.
Beneath the burner was a hollowed-out space to allow for fresh air to come up through the burner, with extra room for the burner valves. The rear walls of the fireplace is site-installed stone with a channel grooved out for the glass. The upper portion around the hood was a site-built panel with reveals set into it. The vent hood itself was suspended from the ceiling using steel rods and fixed into place by the surrounding steel framing. The work was adeptly coordinated by Woodrose Homes, the contractor on this project.
In the end, a striking fire feature was created using a variety of materials which enhanced the use of fire as an element outside the parameters of a conventional-looking fireplace.


text:
For camptothecin, both PARP inhibitors showed highly synergistic effects due to catalytic PARP inhibition, indicating the value of combining either veliparib or olaparib with topoisomerase I inhibitors
For camptothecin, both PARP inhibitors showed highly synergistic effects due to catalytic PARP inhibition, indicating the value of combining either veliparib or olaparib with topoisomerase I inhibitors. which is consistent with the lack of involvement of PARP in the restoration of cisplatin- and etoposide-induced lesions. Hence, we conclude that catalytic PARP inhibitors are highly effective in combination with camptothecins, whereas PARP inhibitors capable of PARP trapping are more effective with temozolomide. Our study provides insights in combination treatment rationales for different PARP inhibitors. Intro Since the finding HLI-98C of the synthetic lethality of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in BRCA-deficient cells (Bryant et al., 2005; Farmer et al., 2005; McCabe et al., 2006; Helleday, 2011; Lord and Ashworth, 2012), the mechanism by which PARP inhibitors exert their cytotoxicity has been dominantly interpreted by an accumulation of unrepaired single-strand breaks (SSBs) resulting from catalytic PARP inhibition. This interpretation has recently been revisited after the demonstration that PARP inhibitors also capture PARP1- and PARP2-DNA complexes at DNA damage sites that arise spontaneously and/or are produced by the classic alkylating agent, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) (Murai et al., 2012b). The fact that PARP1-depleted cells become tolerant to PARP inhibitors also supports the cytotoxic mechanisms of PARP trapping (Liu et al., 2009; Pettitt et al., 2013). PARP trapping is not merely interpreted as resulting from catalytic PARP inhibition, which helps prevent dissociation of PARP from DNA and is required for repair completion (Satoh E.coli monoclonal to V5 Tag.Posi Tag is a 45 kDa recombinant protein expressed in E.coli. It contains five different Tags as shown in the figure. It is bacterial lysate supplied in reducing SDS-PAGE loading buffer. It is intended for use as a positive control in western blot experiments and Lindahl, 1992). Indeed, BMN 673 (observe Murai et al., 2014), olaparib (AZD-2281), and niraparib (MK-4827) are much more effective than veliparib (ABT-888) for PARP trapping at concentrations where BMN 673, olaparib, niraparib, and veliparib fully inhibit PARylation (Murai et al., 2012b, 2014). Based on the fact that olaparib and niraparib are much more cytotoxic than veliparib as solitary providers, it is plausible that PARP trapping is definitely more cytotoxic than unrepaired SSBs caused by the absence of PARylation (Murai et al., 2012b, 2014). Chemical variations in drug constructions may cause different allosteric effects between the PARP catalytic and DNA-binding domains, and we have proposed to classify PARP inhibitors based on their dual molecular mechanisms of action: catalytic inhibition and trapping of PARP (Murai et al., 2012b, 2014; Fojo and Bates, 2013). Mixtures of different PARP inhibitors with a broad spectrum of genotoxic medicines are in medical trials. HLI-98C These mixtures include alkylating providers (temozolomide), topoisomerase I inhibitors (the camptothecin derivatives topotecan and irinotecan), topoisomerase II inhibitors (etoposide), and cross-linking providers (cisplatin) (Rouleau et al., 2010; Kummar et al., 2012; Curtin and Szabo, 2013). However, based on the fact that not all PARP inhibitors take action similarly (Murai et al., 2012b, 2014; Fojo and Bates, 2013), it is critical to rationalize probably the most relevant mixtures by choosing which PARP inhibitor and which chemotherapeutic agent take action most effectively. It is HLI-98C also important to elucidate which mixtures induce PARP trapping. Under such conditions, highly potent PARP-trapping medicines should be more effective than simple catalytic PARP inhibitors (olaparib veliparib). On the other hand, if the synergistic effect is definitely caused by catalytic PARP inhibition, veliparib should be comparable to olaparib. In this study, we compared olaparib and veliparib in combination with four medicines from different therapeutically relevant classes (temozolomide, camptothecin, cisplatin, and etoposide) to evaluate the potential and rationale for each combination. To determine whether potentiation was related.
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text:
Q: A better solution for excluding code? Due to requirements changing back and forth, we have some if/else blocks using consts in our code, for exampe:
const bool DisplayAverageValues = true;
if(DisplayAverageValue)
{
  // Do this
}
else
{
  // Do that
}

Since the requirements might change again, we don't want to remove the currently unused code - it might be needed next week. We also don't want to comment out the unused code, since we want it to be part of any refactoring. It should be ready for compilation at any time by just changing the boolean value.
The problem is that we get warnings for unreachable code, so I was thinking about replacing the standard if/else-block with the preprocessor #if/#else.
#define DisplayAverageValues
#if DisplayAverageValue
  // Do this
#else
  // Do that
#endif

The problem I'm facing now is that a preprocessor symbol can't be set to false, it can only be defined or undefined. It would be a lot more obvious to change from:
#define DisplayAverageValues true

to
#define DisplayAverageValues false

instead of
#undef DisplayAverageValues

or
//#define DisplayAverageValues

(which might cause trouble if the same symbol name has been used elsewhere).
Is there a better way?

A: Preprocessor dirrectives are good in case when you have presice slices in your code architecture, when one code has to be compilable and not intersecting with other. In your case, it much seems that you face different options, that somehow also may intersect in requirements along code execution flow.
In my opinion, the best way to manage this is define a Options, RuntimeConfigurations, or whatever else, class that holds all properties which would impact your application runtime behavior, and pass the instance (may be also a Singletone) of that class along the parts of your application that has to take in consideration different execution options.
Another option as Daniel said, is exracting that code into different modules, plugins if you wish, and load them dynamically. But it may or may not be possible to implement, and by the way, you will need to spend non irrelevant amount of time, generaly, to achieve this level of flexibility, if it wasn't considered before in your architecture.

A: Processor directives seems to be not designed for such cases. From SOLID point of view you should do the following:
1) Create some interface:
public interface IDoingSomething {
  void Do();
}

2) Create 2 implementations of this interface:
public class DoingThis : IDoingSomething {
  public void Do() {
    // Do this
  }
}

public class DoingThat : IDoingSomething {
  public void Do() {
    // Do that
  }
}

3) Somewhere at the application starting point read the config and make decision of which implementation to use:
IDoingSomething doerSomething;

if(DisplayAverageValue) {
  doerSomething = new DoingThis();
} else {
  doerSomething = new DoingThat();
}

4) Now use you interface object in code to do something:
doerSomething.Do();

This is kind of Strategy pattern that allows you to have multiple implementations, swith between them in just one place and do not require any code change except classes with concrete interface implementation. This is good for code maintenance, scalability etc.

A: There were some good suggestions in the comments and in the answer by Tigran, but for now I will stay with a simple solution that is still easy to understand. By dropping the symbol name, there is no doubt in how to change the code if needed:
#if true
  // Display average values
  ...
#else
  // Do not display average values
  ...
#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How are neutrons made? How are neutrons made?
Perhaps no-one really knows, but I'll ask anyway. Are they still being made? or were they all made at some early instant of the universe?

A: Neutrons are definitely still being made.
Most of the visible matter created during Big Bang nucleosynthesis was in the form of hydrogen, helium and lithium. Hydrogen sometimes contains a neutron (forming the stable deuterium), and all stable isotopes of helium of lithium do. So assuming the model is correct, neutrons must have been formed during this event.
Keep in mind that free neutrons are not stable particles, and decay with a half-life of about 10 minutes. So we wouldn't expect to find neutrons that aren't confined to atomic nuclei; it's not as if there's some soup of stable protons and neutrons that sometimes creates atoms.
But we also know that this isn't the only source of neutrons. For one, we know of unstable nuclei that spontaneously change a proton to a neutron or vice versa. The scenario you care about is called beta+ decay. A proton in a nucleus is converted into a neutron, a positron and a neutrino. An example would be the nucleus of magnesium-23 transforming into sodium-23 (note that the nucleon number stays the same, but the element changes).
The Sun relies on neutron production too. The bulk of the Sun's mass is simple hydrogen, H-1. It doesn't have neutrons. When you smash two hydrogen nuclei together, you get He-2 (also known as a diproton), which is extremely unstable and very quickly decays back into two separate hydrogen nuclei. Needless to say, you haven't released any energy in such a reaction!
What needs to happen is that one of the protons in the diproton changes into a neutron. Free protons do not spontaneously change into neutrons, because neutrons are actually very slightly more massive than protons (and for the same reason, free neutrons do spontaneously decay into protons). However, a diproton has a higher binding energy than a deuteron (H-2), so one of the protons can in fact change into a neutron, while releasing a positron, a neutrino and the excess binding energy.
This reaction is mediated through the weak nuclear force, which is relatively weak on large distances ("large" here meaning "distances comparable to the size of a nucleus"). This, combined with the instability of the diproton, means that only a very small amount of diprotons ever transmute to a deuteron. But without this rare event, the Sun wouldn't have its fusion furnace. Interestingly enough, it's also a major rate-limiter for the Sun's fusion - if the weak force were stronger, the Sun would burn through its fuel supply much faster. So far, it seems that the weak force is the only force that can change the flavour of quarks, thus changing the baryon number.
For completion sake, we should also say that neutrons are created in sufficiently energetic collision, in pairs with anti-neutrons.

A: We think we understand fairly well how the universe makes neutrons: initially by baryogenesis and nucleosynthesis (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_nucleosynthesis#Neutron.E2.80.93proton_ratio and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleosynthesis) and later, as soon as the stars start to shine mostly by fusion (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis). Unfortunately, the details are complicated and, to some extent, the calculations have the charm of a major accounting exercise, so you have to decide for yourself if you really want to know the details... The data to back them up comes from detailed studies of the early universe, star formation, stellar development, nuclear physics and have to be calibrated against isotope ratio measurement on Earth and from material in the solar system. We are also very interested in the composition of cosmic rays, which gives us information about processes happening in far away regions of space. Since the total amount of accessible matter from outside of Earth has been limited, there are certainly a few surprises still waiting to be discovered, but the big picture is emerging.


text:
Fashion Rules By Kate Middleton While Pregnancy
By Gemexi Team | Fashion
Posted: Wednesday, June 10, 2015
The Duchess of Cambridge – Kate Middleton's style advancement has been observed by many people, and as a member of the British Royal Family, she always follows her strict style guides, whether she is in her pregnancy days or not. Kate always is a part of various magazines and websites, due to her best dressing style and fashion trends. Women around the world look for their fashion inspiration, which they find in Kate's sophisticated sense of style.
Although, during pregnancy with Prince George, Kate used to shop and made her stylist design her main style possessions and that time she was stuck to it. Kate has a major impact on British and American fashion trends, which now has been regarded as "Kate Middleton Effect". Handling pregnancy for her second Cambridge baby announced on 8 September 2014, people around the world are eagerly waiting for her winter wardrobe, which bears a resemblance to her appearance.
In 2012, she was even selected as one of the "Most Influential People in the World", due to her style sense and remarkable wardrobe.
If you want to follow Kate's strict style guides, then go for these fashion rules:
She always goes for knee-length Hemline dresses: Kate Middleton posses a conservative and conformist persona. Similarly, she is quite conventional with her dresses and skirts that comprise perfect hemlines. One can never find Kate in miniskirts, especially during her pregnancy days. Predominately, the Duchess of Cambridge often endows her appearance in dresses that are less form-fitting than her normal style. Moreover, one of the style rules of Kate that she never breaks is the length of the hemline, which most often falls just slightly above her knee.
She loves Closed-Toe shoes: Kate Middleton loves to wear closed-toe shoes, and this is one of her fashion rules that she never breaks. Exceptionally, in some evening parties and gatherings, she was found in strappy silver heels. People rarely find Kate Middleton without stockings. Hence, she would never wear an open toe shoe, as it does not go with her fashion sense.
Kate stumbles her styling incomplete without stockings and long sleeves: While, we all know that her pregnancy days will fall in the winter months, so we can expect to see Kate Middleton, wearing long sleeves and stockings. She will never go for that style rules which comprises open arms or legs throughout her pregnancy. We guess this style statement of her, as most of the time she'll likely be in soft cardigans and knee-length pea coats.
Kate avoids showing cleavage at formal events: The Duchess of Cambridge, steered clear of showing her cleavage formal events and parties. This fashion rule is distinctive with her mother-in-law Princess Diana's fashion. Most of her dresses possess V-neckline, therefore it seems that Kate wants this particular neckline to be a part of her fashion statements. People always expect Kate to be in her best styling approaches. Kate always has been a positive role model for young ladies around the world, due to her sophisticated style and magnificent professional conduct. Therefore, do not show off her cleavage is one of her fashion rules that she never breaks.
She sticks to a solid color: Kate Middleton is known for her solid colored tops, dresses, coats, and skirts. In some of the events, she may wear a plain polka dots outfit, but usually, she wears solid shaded attires. Therefore, her wardrobe is full of rainbow solid tops, shirts, dresses and many other outfits. Most of the time, she'll choose pastel colors to wear, and people are awaited to see her in fitted solid dresses, tailored jackets, and gallant coats.
Here are some of the events where the Duchess reveals her excellent styling sense, during her pregnancy days:
The Duchess heading in her bright colored coat, gorgeous dress with the same hemline, fur scarf and an elegant hat for a wedding.
The Duchess of Cambridge unveiling her sophisticated sense of styling in her simple printed dress and closed-toe shoes.
Here she is discerning a peachy effect with her bright colored dress and peach overcoat.
Wearing a dark-colored Hobbs coat with the plain dress is giving her an extraordinary appearance with the Cambridge baby.
Here this pregnant lady was spotted in her loosely fitted bright colored dress and coat which is an escort with a sleek belt.
Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge is looking fabulous in her animal printed dress, closed-toe shoes and attended with a chic hat.
Here, Kate Middleton is revealing her love for polka dot printed dress and as always an extravagant hat.
Fashion During Pregnancy
Margarita J. Jackson
Jun 18, 2015, 2:21:59 AM
Nice information. Kate is looking so cute.

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At PVL we take a careful and considered approach to our livery production ensuring that the most appropriate materials are used for the application (and that lighting regulations and other relevant guidelines are adhered to as closely as possible).
Listen to our clients and work with them to create a set of preferences for every element, from livery and design requirements to packaging and invoicing.
Help to design livery from an initial brief, balancing aesthetics with the needs of production and ultimately the durability of the finished kit.
Produce accurate templates from actual vehicles and then digitise them to create accurate references for our computerised cutting devices.
Assign unique references to each of our kits and to each individual order to ensure traceability and repeatability.
Supply each kit with identifier labels, providing a long-term reference point for replacement part procurement and original supplier identification.
In summary, we provide the total package at a competitive price with excellent service.


Wie die Analyse deutscher und Ãsterreichischer LehrplÃ$ne fÃr den Italienischunterricht zeigt, spielen literarische Texte nur mehr auf bestimmten Niveaustufen eine Rolle. Bis zur Erreichung des Niveaus B1 besteht das Ziel literarischer Textarbeit beispielsweise lediglich darin, zur Ausbildung des Kompetenzbereichs Lesen beizutragen. Ab der Niveaustufe B2 hingegen wird Literatur in den Dienst der PersÃnlichkeitsbildung und des Erwerbs spezifisch literarischer Kompetenzen gestellt. Diese in LehrplÃ$nen formulierten, teilweise stark divergierenden Anforderungen an Literaturarbeit im Italienischunterricht bilden den Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit. Ihr Ziel ist es aufzuzeigen, mit Hilfe welcher literaturdidaktischer AnsÃ$tze Literatur im kompetenzorientierten Italienischunterricht bis B1 neu verortet werden kann und welche methodischen Verfahren die MÃglichkeit bieten, PersÃnlichkeitsbildung und den Erwerb fremdsprachlicher Kompetenzen bereits auf diesen Niveaustufen zu verknÃpfen. Auf Grundlage einer rezeptionsÃ$sthetisch ausgerichteten Literaturdidaktik wird ein Phasenmodell literarischer Textarbeit entwickelt, das auf den Besonderheiten des fremdsprachlichen LektÃreprozesses beruht und die Eigenschaften literarischen Lesens berÃcksichtigt. Die im Anschluss da stattfindende empirische Untersuchung hat die Aufgabe, das theoretische Phasenmodell in der Unterrichtspraxis zu erproben und zu evaluieren. Das zugrundeliegende Forschungsdesign ist qualitativ ausgerichtet und weist ZÃge einer formativen Evaluation auf, die den "Prozess der DurchfÃhrung der Intervention beleuchtet" und zur "Modifikation oder Verbesserung der laufenden Intervention" (Flick 2006, S. 14) beitragen will. Die vor der Erprobung mit den Untersuchungsteilnehmern gefÃhrten Leitfadeninterviews liefern Daten, die SchlÃsse darÃber zulassen, wie Literaturarbeit aktuell im Italienischunterricht organisiert ist. WÃ$hrend Planung und DurchfÃhrung der Unterrichtseinheit verfassen die Untersuchungsteilnehmer ForschungstagebÃcher, die Auskunft Ãber die Einsetzbarkeit des Phasenmodells im realen Italienischunterricht geben und zeigen, in welchen Bereichen Modifikationen notwendig sind. Die erhobenen Daten werden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse bestÃ$tigen die SinnfÃ$lligkeit und grundsÃ$tzliche PraktikabilitÃ$t des entwickelten Phasenmodells.
The requirement of many educational representatives for comparability of school performance, transparency and objectivity has led to numerous changes in the German and Austrian school system: The introduction of educational standards and standardised exams have set new benchmarks and as a consequence, communicative competence has become the uppermost educational objective in foreign language education. These reforms have been particularly criticised by foreign language didactics.
There is talk of depletion in education as well as a loss of curricula.
The literature sector has been particularly affected by this trend: As the analysis of German and Austrian curricula for teaching Italian shows, literary texts now only play a role in certain grade levels.
Until level B1 is achieved, the goal of literary text assignments is for instance only to contribute to the training of the competence sector reading. From level B2 onwards however, literature is used to help in personal development and the acquisition of specific literary skills.
These in curricula formulated, partly highly divergent requirements of literature tasks in the teaching of Italian, form the starting point of this paper. Its goal is to point out which literature teaching strategies in literature competence based Italian education up to B1 can be relocated and which methodical procedures provide the ability to link personality development and the acquisition of foreign language skills at these levels. On the foundation of reception aesthetics oriented literature didactic, a phase model of literary text assignments will be developed based on the specifics of the foreign language reading process and taking the characteristics of literary reading into account.
The subsequent empirical examination that takes place has the purpose of testing and evaluating the theoretical phase model in teaching practice.
The underlying research design is qualitatively oriented and displays features of a formative evaluation, which "highlights the process of implementation of the intervention" and wants to contribute to "modification or improvement of ongoing intervention" (Flick, 2006, p 14). The structured interviews conducted with the test participants before the trial provide data that allows conclusions about how literature work is currently organised in Italian lessons. During the planning and implementation of lessons, the trial participants write and submit research diaries that provide information about the suitability of the phase model in real Italian lessons and reveal the areas in which modifications are necessary. The compiled data is analysed by means of qualitative content analysis. The results confirm the meaningfulness and basic practicality of the developed phase model.


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text:
Modest Mouse er et amerikansk alternativt rock-band dannet i 1993 i en forstad til Seattle.

Bandet blev dannet af forsanger Isaac Brock, trommeslager Jeremiah Green og bassisten Eric Judy. Debutalbummet This Is a Long Drive for Someone with Nothing to Think About udkom i 1996. Bandet har siden debuten haft skiftende medlemmer. I 2006 sluttede guitarist Johnny Marr (tidligere The Smiths) sig til gruppen sammen med percussionist Joe Plummer (the Black Heart Procession) og multi-instrumentalist Tom Peloso. Sammen arbejdede de på albummet We Were Dead Before the Ship Even Sank, der udkom i 2007. I 2009 sluttede guitarist Jim Fairchild sig til gruppen.

Diskografi

Albums
 This Is a Long Drive for Someone with Nothing to Think About (1996)
 The Lonesome Crowded West (1997)
 The Moon & Antarctica (2000)
 Good News for People Who Love Bad News (2004)
 We Were Dead Before the Ship Even Sank (2007)
 Stangers To Ourselves (2015)
 The Golden Casket (2021)

Musikgrupper fra USA
Indierockgrupper fra USA


text:
Ecuador v Japan: 'Unwelcome' guests out to prolong Copa America stay
By	Sports Desk	June 23, 2019
Japan are out to inflict more misery on Ecuador and prolong their Copa America adventure amid criticism for their approach to the competition.
Hajime Moriyasu's side are one of two invited Asian nations competing in the tournament, along with Qatar, and they remain in with a shot of reaching the quarter-finals.
After losing 4-0 to Chile in their opener, Japan bounced back with a well-earned 2-2 draw against Uruguay last time out and can still advance through as one of the two best third-place sides, or potentially in second with an eight-goal swing on Uruguay.
Moriyasu's decision to use the competition as preparation for the Tokyo Olympics next year by naming a squad made up of under-23 players has not gone down well, however, with the head coaches of Venezuela and Paraguay questioning the Samurai Blue's involvement.
But Moriyasu is only focused on reaching the knockouts and is pleased with Japan's standing ahead of the final round-robin fixtures in Group B.
"We wanted to win [against Uruguay] and that showed in the way we played," he said.
"We worked hard and went in for challenges. The Uruguay goals were unfortunate, but overall it was a great effort. If we win our next game, we'll have a good chance to advance from the group."
Japan are only the second non-CONMEBOL team with no wins in their first five Copa America games after Jamaica, but they have a good chance to get off the mark against an Ecuador side that have been reduced to 10 men in their first two matches.
A heavy loss to Uruguay and a narrow defeat at the hands of Chile leaves Hernan Dario Gomez's men facing an early exit, as they require victory over Japan at the very least and for other results to go their way.
And after losing seven of their eight Copa America matches under Gomez across three different tournaments, the pressure is on the veteran coach to get things right in Belo Horizonte on Tuesday.
Ecuador - Enner Valencia
Former West Ham and Everton striker Valencia has had a hand in seven of Ecuador's last 12 goals in Copa America tournaments - including a successfully converted penalty against Chile earlier this week - and has scored 29 goals overall in his 50 senior caps.
Japan - Koji Miyoshi
Miyoshi scored a brace against Uruguay and is the only Japanese player to have found the net in the 2019 Copa America. He has also been involved in the most shots for his team so far, with four attempts and three chances created.
KEY OPTA FACTS
- Ecuador and Japan will meet for the fourth time, but this will be their first competitive game, after Japan won two friendlies (in 1995 and 2006) and Ecuador won one (in 1996); all three games were played on Japanese soil.
- Ecuador have won none of their last four meetings with Asian nations (D1 L3); the last such game was a 0-0 draw against Oman in October 2018.
- Japan (25) have attempted 16 shots more than Ecuador in the 2019 Copa America (9).
- Ecuador have won only two of their 18 Copa America games played since 2004 (D3 L13), with both wins coming against non-CONMEBOL nations: 2-1 v Mexico in 2015 and 4-0 v Haiti in 2016.
- Ecuador have seen a red card in their last three Copa America games: Antonio Valencia in 2016, Jose Quintero and Gabriel Achilier in 2019.
Enner Valencia Lastra
Hirofumi Moriyasu
« 2019 COPA Preview: Messi looks to lead Argentina to elusive Gold Cup title Venezuela 0 Argentina 2: Martinez stars to set up Brazil showdown »
Neymar accepts he's no 'superhero' nor the perfect role model
Paris Saint-Germain star Neymar acknowledged he is not a "perfect role model" nor a "superhero".
The Brazil international has spent almost two years with Paris Saint-Germain, but rumours of unhappiness, rocky relationships with team-mates and a lack of commitment have rarely been far away.
More recently, Neymar failed to report back for pre-season training earlier this month amid speculation he wants to return to Barcelona, while PSG sporting director Leonardo confirmed the forward was available for a transfer if the price is right.
Neymar further risked the wrath of PSG supporters on Saturday when highlighting Barca's remarkable 2016-17 Champions League turnaround against his current employers as one of his two favourite football memories, though he showed a more vulnerable side at the Red Bull Neymar Jr's Five football tournament in Sao Paulo on Sunday.
The former Barca man said: "I'm no superhero nor perfect a perfect role model. I also have my bad moments, when I want to go home and hide, to stay with my friends and family.
"I'm no superhero that handles all the pressure in the world, but I make an effort because I know what I've become, not only to my family and son, but for most of the children that are here.
"I know I have a huge responsibility and I want to act in the best way possible. Always being honest, that is the most important thing."
Neymar missed Brazil's successful Copa America campaign due to an ankle injury and he was especially gutted to be absent as that tournament had been his big goal for the year.
"Being out of Copa America was so bad, I didn't like it," he added. "I don't even like to stay out of training, so you can imagine [what it was like missing] Copa America.
"That was so important to me and was my focus this year, but I cheered a lot for my colleagues and friends.
"I was really happy to see them win, even more than if I was playing. Their happiness is mine also."
Alves: Messi disrespected Brazil with Copa America outburst
Dani Alves has criticised Lionel Messi for being "disrespectful" of Brazil with his controversial comments at the Copa America.
Argentina star Messi railed against "corruption" and the quality of officiating after harshly being dismissed for an altercation with Chile's Gary Medel in Saturday's bronze medal match.
Crucial refereeing decisions also went against La Albiceleste in their semi-final loss to host nation and eventual champions Brazil.
CONMEBOL – football's governing body in South America – branded the forward's allegations of corruption "unacceptable" and Brazil boss Tite urged him to show more respect.
Veteran right-back Alves, Messi's team-mate for close to a decade at Barcelona, echoed that view.
"A friend is not always right just because he's a friend. You can say it in the heat of the moment, but I still won't agree," the Brazil captain told SporTV.
"Firstly, he's disrespecting an institution such as the Selecao, in my view.
"Secondly, he's being disrespectful with several professionals who put a lot of things aside so they could be there fighting for a dream.
"I'm a friend who always tells the truth when it's due, and I think he was wrong for saying these things."
Argentina overcame Chile in the third-place play-off but Messi did not join his team-mates in collecting a medal.
Alves and Brazil went on to beat Peru in the final, winning the tournament for the first time since 2007.
David Neres: My future is with Ajax
David Neres insists his future is with Eredivisie champions Ajax despite strong rumours of a close-season exit.
Brazil winger Neres was one of the stars of an Ajax side that won the league and the KNVB Beker last term, as well as reaching the Champions League semi-finals.
But while Frenkie de Jong has departed and Matthijs de Ligt looks certain to follow, Neres is adamant he will remain in Amsterdam.
The 22-year-old, who won the Copa America with Brazil on Sunday, has been linked with Atletico Madrid and Manchester United but is under contract until 2022.
"My future is with Ajax," Neres said, as reported by Algemeen Dagblad.
The Ajax man started Brazil's first two Copa matches but did not feature again.
However, he still considered the tournament, which ended with a 3-1 final win over Peru, a positive experience.
"It was hard for me to lose my place," he said. "I did my best but it wasn't enough. Ultimately, I am part of the team and it is important that we won. I can still be satisfied with that.
"It is great to win this prize with the national team. It is a dream for me and all other players.
"Now we are going to celebrate. The party in the dressing room was good. We have danced. And then it is time to see my family.
"For me, it was a good experience to be there and play with experienced players. I now also feel older, more experienced. That is good for my growth."
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text:
Лубенский лесотехнический колледж () — высшее учебное заведение в городе Лубны Полтавской области.

История

В 1891 году в уездном городе Лубны Лубенского уезда Полтавской губернии Российской империи было открыто низшее сельскохозяйственное училище.

После окончания боевых действий гражданской войны учебное заведение возобновило работу - сначала как сельскохозяйственное училище, затем как индустриальная профтехшкола, а с 1929 года - как Лубенский техникум лекарственных растений.

В ходе боевых действий Великой Отечественной войны и в период немецкой оккупации (13 сентября 1941 - 18 апреля 1943) учебное заведение пострадало, но в дальнейшем было восстановлено и возобновило работу.

В 1950 году учебное заведение было преобразовано в лесной техникум.

После провозглашения независимости Украины техникум был передан в ведение министерства сельского хозяйства и продовольствия Украины.

В марте 1995 года Верховная Рада Украины внесла техникум в перечень предприятий, учреждений и организаций, приватизация которых запрещена в связи с их общегосударственным значением.

В марте 2000 года на основе техникума и Лубенского лесхоза был создан образовательно-производственный комплекс "Лубенский гослесхоз-техникум", в 2005 году переформированный в Лубенский лесотехнический колледж.

В 2011 году количество учащихся в колледже составляло свыше 500 человек.

В декабре 2014 года Верховная Рада Украины приняла решение о переводе ряда образовательных учреждений страны (в том числе, Лубенского лесотехнического колледжа) на финансирование из местных бюджетов.

Современное состояние
Колледж является высшим учебным заведением I-II уровней аккредитации, которое осуществляет подготовку младших специалистов по трём специальностям ("Лесное хозяйство", "Обработка древесины" и "Бухгалтерский учет").

В составе колледжа - учебный корпус, два общежития, спортивный комплекс и библиотека.

Примечания

Литература и источники
 П. Х. Білий. Лубни. Харків, 1968.

Колледжи Украины
Лубны
Образование в Полтавской области


Upon his emergence in the West in the early 1980s, Alfred Schnittke became one of the most talked-about, recorded, and influential composers of the last decades of the twentieth century. Schnittke was born in the Soviet Union to German parents. After living for several years in Vienna, he returned to Moscow to attend the Conservatory from 1953-1958. He returned there to teach instrumentation from 1962 through 1972. Thereafter, splitting his time between Moscow and Hamburg, he supported himself as a film composer. In 1985, Schnittke suffered a series of strokes, but nevertheless entered into the most creative period of his life. From 1990 until his death in 1998, he lived exclusively in Hamburg. A Jewish-born Christian mystic, Schnittke had philosophical theories that permeated his music. According to his biographer Alexander Ivashkin, he believed a composer "should be a medium or a sensor remembering what he hears from somewhere else and whose mind acts as a translator only. Music comes from some sort of divine rather than human area."


text:
<?php

namespace Drupal\options\Tests;

/**
 * Tests an options select with a dynamic allowed values function.
 *
 * @group options
 */
class OptionsSelectDynamicValuesTest extends OptionsDynamicValuesTestBase {
  /**
   * Tests the 'options_select' widget (single select).
   */
  function testSelectListDynamic() {
    // Create an entity.
    $this->entity->save();

    // Create a web user.
    $web_user = $this->drupalCreateUser(array('view test entity', 'administer entity_test content'));
    $this->drupalLogin($web_user);

    // Display form.
    $this->drupalGet('entity_test_rev/manage/' . $this->entity->id() . '/edit');
    $options = $this->xpath('//select[@id="edit-test-options"]/option');
    $this->assertEqual(count($options), count($this->test) + 1);
    foreach ($options as $option) {
      $value = (string) $option['value'];
      if ($value != '_none') {
        $this->assertTrue(array_search($value, $this->test));
      }
    }
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<?php

	define('QA_INCLUDE_DIR1', dirname( __FILE__ ).'/../');
	// echo dirname(__FILE__);
	require_once dirname( __FILE__ ).'/../../qa-config.php';
	require_once dirname( __FILE__ ).'/../qa-base.php';
	require_once dirname( __FILE__ ).'/../qa-app-users.php';

	$passwordsent=qa_get('ps');
	$emailexists=qa_get('ee');

	$inemailhandle=qa_post_text('emailhandle');
	$inpassword=qa_post_text('password');
	$inremember=qa_post_text('remember');

	if (qa_clicked('dologin') && (strlen($inemailhandle) || strlen($inpassword)) ) {
		require_once QA_INCLUDE_DIR1.'db/users.php';
		require_once QA_INCLUDE_DIR1.'db/selects.php';
		require_once QA_INCLUDE_DIR1.'app/limits.php';

		if (qa_user_limits_remaining(QA_LIMIT_LOGINS)) {

			if (!qa_check_form_security_code('login', qa_post_text('code')))
				$pageerror=qa_lang_html('misc/form_security_again');

			else {
				qa_limits_increment(null, QA_LIMIT_LOGINS);

				$errors=array();

				if (qa_opt('allow_login_email_only') || (strpos($inemailhandle, '@')!==false)) // handles can't contain @ symbols
					$matchusers=qa_db_user_find_by_email($inemailhandle);
				else
					$matchusers=qa_db_user_find_by_handle($inemailhandle);

				if (count($matchusers)==1) { // if matches more than one (should be impossible), don't log in
					$inuserid=$matchusers[0];
					$userinfo=qa_db_select_with_pending(qa_db_user_account_selectspec($inuserid, true));

					if (strtolower(qa_db_calc_passcheck($inpassword, $userinfo['passsalt'])) == strtolower($userinfo['passcheck'])) { // login and redirect
						require_once QA_INCLUDE_DIR1.'app/users.php';

						qa_set_logged_in_user($inuserid, $userinfo['handle'], !empty($inremember));

						$topath=qa_get('to');

						if (isset($topath)) {
							qa_redirect_raw($root_url.$topath); // path already provided as URL fragment
						}
						elseif ($passwordsent)
							qa_redirect('account');
						else
							qa_redirect('');

					} else
						$errors['password']=qa_lang('users/password_wrong');

				} else
					$errors['emailhandle']=qa_lang('users/user_not_found');
			}

		} else
			$pageerror=qa_lang('users/login_limit');

	} else
		$inemailhandle=qa_get('e');


Established in 1864, Matthew Algie have been producing sustainable premium quality coffee and tea for over 150 years. We kick started the UK Espresso revolution introducing the UK's first Fairtrade Espresso bean and Triple Cert bean.
Our key values of Ethics, Passion, Integrity and Collaboration are at the core of everything we do, from new product innovation for our customers to projects with our Fairtrade co-op farmers.
We believe our continued success is due to the great people we employee and those with whom we do business.
Salary: Up to £33,000 per annum, plus uncapped bonus, company car with fuel card, pension, Laptop and iPhone.
Benefits: include an enhanced contributory pension scheme, annual holiday starting at 25 days entitlement plus public holidays.
The Coffee Sales Manager role is to achieve the agreed sales £'s targets, profit and business goals by managing customer accounts in the allocated territory and selling the most relevant range of Matthew Algie products and services that meets the customers' needs .
The Coffee Sales Manager is responsible for all aspects of managing the designated sales territory which includes contact with external and internal customers. The Coffee Sales Manager is charged with identifying new customer opportunities within the designated sales territory and developing the existing customer base by delivering first class customer service and training.
About the role: 60% account management and 40% new business.
Working across the HORECA channel.
Accounts such as independent and also McDonald hotels/ Crown plaza.
All account records cards are in order and comprehensive and must be kept up to date on CSM laptop.
Follows a structured approach to the sales process (including full equipment and coffee audit, understanding of current customer record card & sales history).
Manage all customer interaction in the field including business development; coffee quality; training; machine movements; administration and all aspects of outstanding sales support.
Recognizes opportunities to grow customer value using gap analysis report.
Ensure the decision maker is met and key objectives are delivered in every call where relevant.
Make a positive contribution to the customer's sales and work with them in all aspects of their business.
Make effective use of all marketing support materials.
Maintain current record of training for all accounts.
Respond to and deals with any customer issues within 24 hours.
Develop a prospect plan that details current opportunities within the area.
Makes effective use of all materials and product samples where appropriate.
Present the features advantages and benefits of Matthew Algie to all prospects.
All sales visits are completed and logged in Goldmine on a daily basis.
All prospects are logged on Goldmine on a daily basis.
Company "Y" account maintained and accurate.


Can PS360+ control MAME PC, connected consoles?
Hi there , just to let you know how I went.
Just to let you know that I connected 2 * PS360+ to a USB hub and then connected the hub to a USB switch which is then connected to my MAME PC, a PS3 and a gaming PC.
The setup works perfectly and it actually retains the order of joysticks (ie. no. 1,2,3 & 4) - as I assume the USB hub powers them on in the same sequential order each time. Therefore I have actually been able to remove my iPac4 as the game input mapping in MAME is retained correctly for each joystick/buttons.
I was surprised that the above worked as there seemed to be limited/no examples I could find on the internet/forums where 4 * ps360+ was used for a 4 player MAME setup to provide for an all-in-one PC/consoles arcade cabinet or fight/arcade stick!
Do you know why people would choose the iPac or another PCB over the PS360+? I know it's more expensive but it provides support for many more consoles.
The PCB is amazing piece of technology !
words, Left Stick, Directional Pad or Right Stick !
The more I learn about the PS360+ the more I am amazed by it.


text:
Le secteur fortifié de Mulhouse est une partie de la ligne Maginot, situé entre le secteur fortifié de Colmar au nord et le secteur défensif d'Altkirch au sud.

Il forme une ligne le long de la rive gauche du Rhin, protégeant la ville de Mulhouse, de Rumersheim-le-Haut à Kembs (dans le Haut-Rhin). Les fortifications du secteur sont composées essentiellement de casemates d'infanterie le long du fleuve.

Organisation et unités

D'abord sous commandement de la  région militaire (QG à Besançon) jusqu'à la déclaration de guerre, le secteur passe alors sous commandement de la  : il est sous l'autorité du  d'armée (qui coiffe aussi le secteur fortifié de Colmar), renforcé par la  d'infanterie (de réserve, série B).
Le , le secteur change de nom, devenant la  d'infanterie de forteresse (« division de Mulhouse »).

Le secteur est composé deux sous-secteur fortifiés, celui du Puits au nord et celui de Schlierbach au sud. Le  RIF (régiment d'infanterie de forteresse) fourni les équipages des casemates ainsi que comme troupes d'intervalle pour le secteur sud. En septembre et octobre le 371e régiment d'infanterie et le 8e bataillon de mitrailleurs viennent en renfort occuper les positions du sous-secteur nord. L'artillerie du secteur est notamment constitutée d'une partie des batteries du  régiment d'artillerie de position (deuxième groupe : huit canons de  modèle 1897 et quatre canons de  C 1917 Saint-Chamond).

Composants
Le franchissement du Rhin est interdit par la construction dès 1930 de deux lignes de défense, d'une part une première ligne de casemates CORF sur la berge de la rive gauche du fleuve (dite « ligne de la berge »), d'autre part une seconde ligne un peu plus en arrière, composée d'abris et de casemates (dite « ligne des abris »).
À partir de 1931, commence la construction d'une troisième ligne (dite « ligne des villages »), constituée elle aussi de casemates CORF.

Au nord du sous-secteur, la ligne de casemates est plutôt dense, notamment près du pont de Chalampé, mais au sud d'Hombourg il n'y a plus aucune construction CORF (quelques STG et MOM), la forêt de la Hardt étant estimée peu pénétrable. À Kembs commence la bretelle qui évite la zone jusqu'à  autour de Bâle et qui se poursuit dans le secteur défensif d'Altkirch.

Casemates d'infanterie

Blodelsheim Sud Est
Blodelsheim Sud
Rumersheim Nord
Rumersheim Sud
Chalampé le Bas
Bantzenheim Nord
Ameisengründ
Chalampé Berge Nord
Chalampé Nord Ouest
Chalampé Sud Ouest
Bantzenheim Sud
Chalampé Berge Sud
Ottmarsheim Nord
Ottmarsheim Sud
Hombourg Nord
Hombourg Sud

Abris
Pont de bateaux de Chalampé
Pont de rails de Chalampé Nord
Pont de rails de Chalampé Sud

stand de tir
Bantzenheim

Histoire

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

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Liens externes
Localisation
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Descriptions et photos
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