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What the carbon footprint is - interview with Małgorzata Wernicka
Text: Mariola Weindich-Mašek, photos: Mariola Weindich-Mašek, press release SGS
Mariola Weindich-Mašek: A carbon footprint is one of the ecological concepts which in recent years has become very popular, so what the carbon footprint is, what does it mean precisely?
Małgorzata Wernicka Indeed, in recent years more and more companies have decided to analyse the carbon footprint of their products, although most of them seems to do it because of the client's requirement, or "fashion", not necessarily of being aware of all the benefits that can be acquired. "Carbon footprint" refers to the calculation of total greenhouse gases emissions from the full life cycle of a product or a company. It is expressed as a carbon dioxide equivalent per product functional unit (CO2e /functional unit), e.g. 1kg CO2e /sheet of paper, which means that producing one sheet of paper carries a charge (is charging environment) one kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent from the moment of planting a tree, the sheet will be made from until the moment of its disposal – to the so-called end of life of the shit of paper.
Carbon footprint just like a water footprint, is also a part of the environmental (ecological) footprint. The last one is nothing but an analysis of human demands for natural resources. In this case, human consumption of natural resources is compared to the ability of our planet for their regeneration. The first country which started to count the carbon footprint of products, or even entire companies, was the United Kingdom. No wonder, because in this country emissions far exceed the norms. British entrepreneurs initially decided to calculate the carbon footprint, and then - having a measurable indicator - to reduce their emissions and observe the progress in this regard.
Why is it worth to reduce carbon footprint and what direct impact it can have on the environment?
Entrepreneurs all the round the world - also in Poland - decide to calculate the footprint for various reasons. At present, it is mainly the market that requires this type of actions. Entrepreneurs, in cooperation with international companies (mainly from the UK) are even obliged to analyze the carbon footprint for their businesses or products. The majority of Polish companies learn about the existence of this indicator from their Western partners who send request for offers, including the question of the carbon footprint of the product. Polish company, wanting to participate in the tender, must therefore count the value of the carbon footprint for the particular product. More and more noticeable is also a tendency in companies -showing that the value of the carbon footprint of a given product is even more important than the purchase price of the product.
Despite the purely economic aspect, which also means finding sensitive areas in the process and optimizing it (e.g. by increasing energy efficiency), and finding savings, one should not forget that the aim of the carbon footprint reduction is to reduce its impact on the environment. A direct benefit to the environment, after drawing a conclusion from the estimated carbon footprint, is first of all the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. But not only. We can also reduce the amount of the consumed water, electricity, reduce suppliers' courses and thus save fuel. Another way to reduce carbon footprint is the so-called offset - I call it amends. If an entrepreneur is not able to change the production process, or has changed it, and now the carbon footprint cannot be reduced, there is the option of doing something good for the environment - such as planting trees or installing solar panels on public building. These are also the ways of reducing carbon footprint.
How can each of us reduce our own carbon footprint?
Its a very good question, because thanks to answering this question, we may realize that each of us has a real impact on the environment and resources which we leave to our future generations.
We can reduce our own carbon footprint using the following, simple steps:
- Removing charger from plug when you are not charging any device and turn off the lights in rooms where no one is sitting (energy consumption reduction)
- Changing the way of going to work or school. Choosing public transport or even a bicycle over a car, can reduce carbon footprint to zero (reduction of fuel consumption)
- Pay attention to the products you buy. Supporting local products, or even Polish companies can significantly reduce the carbon footprint. The smaller the distances that semi-finished products had to cover – the lower the footprint is.
- By supporting the so-called circulation economy in your household - that is - by repairing equipment, instead of throwing it away, by reusing products, which are no longer suitable to perform their original function - using pallets in the apartment is very trendy nowadays.
- Segregation of waste
- At work - as far as it is possible, by organizing teleconferences instead of meetings, which require flying by plane, driving a car or taking a train in order to take part in them.
- Supporting methods of working - "home-office", which drastically reduces the number of vehicles that are on the streets every morning.
There are a lot of possibilities, but these are the basic ones, that everyone can bring into effect without any effort.
How big companies can reduce their carbon footprint; does it involve any additional costs? If so, how significant are they?
Large companies can limit the carbon footprint in two ways:
- By introducing energy savings policy for their employees - learning to turn off the light, remove the chargers, to turn off electronic devices at night. A very interesting idea is an additional support for workers who ride a bike instead of driving car to work (free dinners, shopping /cinema vouchers). It is estimated that the environmental education of workers and enforcement of such behaviour, can reduce the carbon footprint up to 20%, without any expenses.
- By optimizing the work of the entire company. It often involves changes of the production line or semi-finished products, replacing chimneys, changing technology, but it is also a lack of interference in technology - such as changing the fleet - changing a supplier for a local one. These costs are much higher, often millions of dollars, but they also bring much greater results for the environment. Unfortunately, in Poland at the moment, rarely anyone changes the technology, that would reduce the value of indicators of the impact on the environment. Entrepreneurs are focused on far less costly, more soft methods of reducing carbon footprint.
How can the carbon footprint be measured?
The first, and also the most common way of calculating the carbon footprint in Poland is the specification -"Publicly Available Specification 2050" (PAS 2050). It was created by British Standards Institute (BSI) on the basis of cooperation and broad industry consultation. Therefore, PAS 2050 was a response to the needs of the society and industry in finding a consistent method for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions during the life cycle of goods and services. The intention, which guided the authors of this specification, was to create a standard method of determining the specific emission of products. This specification is used by BSI to update the quantitative analysis of greenhouse gas emissions in the life cycle of all goods and services, in line with the latest technical achievements and past experience. It allows you to measure the impact of activities, products and services of the company on the environment as well as the greenhouse gas emissions in their life cycle. PAS 2050 is a measurement tool thanks to which the company - knowing its impact on emissions - commits itself to reduce it in the product life cycle, within the so-called Product Related Emissions Reduction Framework. PAS 2050 specification is based on existing standards mainly - ISO 14040 (Environmental Management, Life Cycle Assessment, Policy and structure) and ISO 14044 (Environmental Management, Life Cycle Assessment, Requirements and Guidelines). There are also more specific standards, such as ISO 14067 - for calculating the carbon footprint of the product and ISO 14064 - prepared for the carbon footprint analysis for the organization. According to these documents, the input and output streams can be analysed and then using appropriate emission factors carbon footprint can be estimated.
Should a carbon footprint be limited by large concerns only or should we all take care of this, even if we have a small and seemingly insignificant in this topic company?
The only possible answer is-yes, even the smallest company should analyze its carbon footprint, reduce it and try to protect the environment. At the moment, mainly the largest companies are trying to deal with this - because of the relatively high costs associated with estimating the footprint, and then with reducing it. However, they can be an excellent example for smaller companies, which can take advantage their technologies and methods to reduce their impact on the environment. Every even the smallest activity, in a single household contributes to the national emission indicators. Even if big companies introduce restrictions and change their technologies, and smaller ones- which do prevail in Poland, will do nothing, no reduction will be achieved. What you need here is a change a way of thinking and environmental awareness. A single person must be aware of the environmental impact, and when it happens, it will be obvious even to owners of smaller businesses, that the analysis of the carbon footprint is the first step to protect the environment.
Does it really make sense if clothing companies reduce their carbon footprint by the equivalent of 5 km drive? Are we able to reduce emissions to improve the environment and stop or at least reduce global changes?
In my opinion every, even the smallest activity makes sense. However, you should take two facts into consideration: climate changes being the result of time we live in and the fact that periods of climate warming /cooling appeared in the history of the Earth periodically - we do not have any influence on it, and on the other hand – an excessive consumption of fossil fuels, the growth of the population, the lack of interest in the environment, which is being degraded in a dramatic way. Because of the total lack of environmental education in Polish schools, at home, at work - the society ignores all that surrounds us, paying no attention to environmental protection. In the countries affected by electricity shortages - such as Belgium or the United Kingdom, which struggled against the so-called blackouts, society is paying attention to labels even on food and chooses those that have been produced with less impact on the environment. The perception change and increased environmental awareness are needed, it should certainly appear in Poland in time - but Im more than sure that it will take place in the nearest future.
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We love how the visual echoes the nature of the track itself. 'FourFiveSeconds' is a stripped-down version of Rihanna, complete with an acoustic guitar, and the black-and-white video matches the elegance of the sound.
The video opens with a head-on shot of the songstress, who is laidback and lovely as she belts the beginning of the song. Eventually, she is joined by her collaborators, Kanye West and Paul McCartney.
Don't let the simplicity of the video fool you. It's got a raw feel to it, as if the three musicians stepped in front of a white backdrop and let the music do the talking. It totally works -- we're transfixed on both the beauty of the song itself and the performers who brought it to life.
Watch Rihanna's 'FourFiveSeconds' video, featuring Kanye and Paul, in the video above!


With a $13.4 billion purchase, Amazon is stepping up its game and hoping to get an even stronger foothold in the retail market. Here's a look at some of the big moves in the stock market following news of Amazon's acquisition of Whole Foods Market.
Real Madrid and Man United are not directly involved. "I want to talk with him", the long-serving Real president told Onda Cero . The return of Ronaldo to Old Trafford will definitely inspire these youngsters to go on and fulfill their potentials.
Other Gulf countries recently cut ties with Doha, accusing it of destabilising the region through its alleged support of extremist groups and links to Iran. U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson initially declined to take sides, but his cautious approach was overshadowed nearly immediately by President Donald Trump - who sent tweets appearing to take credit for and praising the Saudi-led bloc's decision.
The sale "will give Qatar a state-of-the-art capability and increase security cooperation and interoperability between the United States and Qatar", the defence department said in a statement. It added that Mattis and Attiyah had also discussed the current state of operations against Islamic State and the importance of de-escalating tensions in the Gulf.
Details of the Wednesday deal have not been disclosed but Bloomberg reported that it could include 236 jets.
Qatar signs a deal to purchase $12bn worth of F-15 jets from the US, Defense Ministry of Qatar says. In the midst of a burgeoning crisis in the Middle East, the president is condemning Qatar for allegedly funding terrorism, while Trump's Pentagon sells Qatar billions of dollars in fighter jets.
Boeing which is the maker of these fighter planes did not comment on the controversial sale. He called the trip a "routine port visit", though Qatar's state-run news agency described the presence as being part of a "joint exercise" with the Qatari Navy.
The Qatari defence ministry issued a statement Wednesday hailing the F-15 deal. So far, the dispute between Doha and nations led by Saudi Arabia has yet to shake that partnership, though cracks are showing in responses from Trump and his administration.
Pentagon and State Department officials have since scrambled to reassure the emirate, which hosts the largest USA airbase in the Middle East and the command headquarters for U.S. military operations in Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan. Kuwait has played a role in trying to end the Gulf conflict since it started, with the country's emir visiting Saudi Arabia, the U.A.E. and Qatar last week.
"We see it as a tangible show of support for our defense relationship and their commitment to the United States", spokeswoman Heather Nauert told reporters.
He was quoted by Kuwait's al-Qabas newspaper and Qatar-based Al Jazeera as saying that Turkey had a neutral stance toward Qatar and Saudi Arabia.
One of the sources, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the private talks, said the airspace dispute would be hard to resolve because it is a symptom of a larger row between the countries. Riyadh sealed its border, closed its air space to Qatari Airways and - along with Bahrain, the UAE and Egypt - severed diplomatic relations.
Energy-rich Qatar, whose land, maritime and aviation routes have been interrupted by a quartet comprising Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt, sent officials to Montreal, where the UN aviation agency is based.
Trump, who took office in January, has accused Qatar of being a "high-level" sponsor of terrorism, potentially hindering the State Department's efforts to help ease the worst diplomatic crisis between Gulf Arab states for years.


This installment is a little bit of a review, as well as, a continuation to Body Designs 50. I previously "reported" on the calorie content of some popular beers, wine and champagne. Today, I am highlighting the best of those alcoholic beverages (lowest calorie) as well as some of their "mixed" alcoholic relatives.
Guinness: This beer may not be too popular because of how dark and thick it is, but Guinness Draught has only 125 calories per 12 ounces.
Under 100-calories Beer: Michelob Ultra has just 95 calories per bottle, while Miller Lite has just 96 calories per 12-ounce bottle.
Best Choices: Miller Genuine Draft Lite has just 64 calories per bottle and Pabst Extra Light Low Alcohol, if you can find it, has only 67.
If Wine is your thing, remember the darker red wines tend to have a higher calories count because they also have a higher alcohol content. So stick with Merlot, Rose or Rhone at 95 calories per glass (4 ounces). Chardonnay, Zinfandel and Riesling all have just 90 calories per glass. And in case you're wondering, champagne is just 78 calories.
And what the the lowest calorie Mixed Drinks?
So, the next time you're sweating by the beach or in the bar, try to keep the calories level low and the fun level high! Believe me, both are possible!!
Previous StoryBody Designs 93: Don't Sweat it!


The earliest settlements in Ireland's capital can be traced as far back as 140 AD. Not much remains of Dublin's history prior to 1204. After that time, however, much of the city's rich medieval traditions and heritage can still be found in their remarkably well-preserved architectural landmarks. Here are three that shouldn't be missed.
Trinity College was founded in 1592 as part of the University of Dublin and is the oldest university in Ireland. Most visitors to Trinity College journey there for one reason – to get a view of Ireland's "finest treasure," the Book of Kells.
The Book of Kells is an illuminated manuscript created around 800 AD, featuring the four gospels of the New Testament as well as some other material. Most of the text is from the Latin Vulgate. For hundreds of years it was kept at the Abbey of Kells (44 miles from Dublin), hence its name. Since 1654 it has been in the keeping of the Trinity College Library.
Over the centuries the book has been rebound several times – the latest being in 1953 and consisting of four volumes. Each book is 12 inches long by 9 inches wide. Only two of the books are on view at any one time – each of them kept under glass to protect the fragile pages.
Christ Church Cathedral is the oldest of the two cathedrals in Dublin, founded in 1030 AD., and it is still used for services to this day. It is no longer solely a Roman Catholic Church, but is rather Anglican, and welcomes people "of all faiths, or none." You can attend services if you desire, or purchase tickets for a guided tour of the cathedral at specific times of the day.
Christ Church Cathedral is steeped in history, of course. Recently, Richard III has been in the news, with his bones being discovered beneath a carpark in Leicester, England (near Bosworth Field, where he was killed in 1485). Christ Church Cathedral has a connection with Richard III, because in 1487 (two years after Henry Tudor came to the throne as Henry VII), Lambert Simnel was crowned here as "King Edward VI." The ten-year old boy was being passed off as one of the Princes of the Tower – the sons of Edward IV who were supposedly murdered by their uncle, Richard III (according to Shakespeare).
St. Patrick's Cathedral is about 150 years younger than Christ Church Cathedral, having been founded in 1191. The original church on this site was built in honor of Ireland's patron saint. The building that stands there today dates from 1220.
Like Christ Church Cathedral, St. Patrick's is now part of the Anglican Church and welcomes people of all faiths for worship for its services, which are held daily. Tickets must be purchased for a guided tour of the building, after services are over.
The Cathedral possesses an impressive number of stone memorials, busts of significant individuals in Irish history and crosses, which date from the tenth century onward.
Both St. Patrick's Cathedral and Christ Church Cathedral also offer concerts at specific times throughout the year. The music is not always of a religious nature.
There's hundreds of hotels and bed and breakfasts in Dublin, of course. It's a city of about a million people, but it has lodgings for millions of tourists, too! The Shelbourne Dublin is a luxury hotel situated quite close to our three pilgrimage sites, and it is easy to walk to each of them from this location.
It is a beautiful luxury hotel in Ireland's City Centre, operated by Marriot, and is almost 200 years old, but was completely refurbished in 2007 and has every modern convenience expected today by international travelers.
Rooms range from Double Doubles (two double beds) to Heritage Park View (overlooking St. Stephen's Green) to two-bedroom suites. Have tea in their Lord Mayor's Lounge, or dine in the elegance of the Saddle Room. Reservations are needed, but you can always drop into the No. 27 Bar & Lounge or the Horseshoe Bar for a nightcap. And don't forget to treat yourself to a couple's massage at the Luxury Spa at Shelbourne.
Go for a soothing walk through the adjacent St. Stephen's Green, a 22-acre park which is over 130 years old. There are several busts and statues placed throughout the park commemorating notable people and events in Irish history.
Ireland is on my top destination list. We just got back from Great Britain for our first overseas trip and we didn't have time to go to Ireland. We hopefully can go to Ireland soon. Thanks for the great ideas of where to visit when we go.


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Campus · Community · Featured · Local
The end of CERB means new concerns for some area residents
September 17, 2020	at 8:26 am
Jessie Forsythe is one of the many people that will be making the transition from CERB to EI at the end of September.
By Laural Samson
TRENTON – With Canada's Emergency Recovery Benefit (CERB) end date just around the corner, many Canadians are left wondering what will happen next.
Jessie Forsythe, one of the first people to have their EI application transition to CERB in April, said that she hasn't had much luck finding a job now that CERB is ending.
"It's hard. There's not a lot around here," she said. "It's all factory work unless you can travel," said the 23-year-old Trenton resident.
When the COVID-19 pandemic first hit in March, the Canadian government responded to people losing their jobs due to the lockdown. On April. 6, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau introduced the CERB benefit, which would see applicants receive up to $2000 a month in financial support.
However, the federal government announced on Aug. 20 that while CERB would be extended another month, it will transition into Employment Insurance (EI) when it ends at the end of September.
Before the pandemic, not finding a job would have meant registering and receiving Employment Insurance.
With CERB ending and the COVID-19 pandemic not yet over, the Liberal government is transitioning back to EI to help those that still cannot find work.
Forsythe had to leave her job at Trenton's Seasons Retirement home in March because she couldn't risk catching and transmitting COVID-19 to any of her elderly family.
But after being on CERB for the last seven periods, Forsythe said that while she'll manage on EI she isn't sure about how other people will do it.
"Not everybody's been on EI before but have gone on to CERB, so it may be a bit of an adjustment."
However, the impact of transitioning from CERB to EI could have serious repercussions for those that relied on both, according to a member of the Poverty Roundtable Hastings Prince Edward.
Deirdre McDade says that CERB ending will make things difficult for people who don't qualify for EI.
"There's a report from the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives that estimate that 2.7 million people will be worse off when CERB ends. We know that lots of people won't have the hours for EI or won't be eligible," McDade said.
McDade says that CERB has revealed that the government does have the means and the money to give people a liveable wage that is higher than EI.
"The basic problem is that they don't have enough income to live on." McDade said about the people that will receive EI but still be struggling. "And the community response to that is that people need more money to live on."
However, in a statement provided to QNet News, Bay of Quinte MP Neil Ellis says the Canadian government has established a more comprehensive EI program that CERB applicants can transition to.
"For the EI program, more Canadians will qualify to receive a minimum of $400 per week for at least 26 weeks." MP Ellis said in the statement.
He also said that along with a more flexible EI program, three other recovery benefits have also been proposed.
"The three new income-support benefits will also support workers that are unable to work and are not eligible for EI, are sick or self-isolating or need to provide care or support for a sick child, family member, or dependant." MP Ellis stated.
And even with the introduction of these programs, MP Ellis stated that the federal government will continue to look at every option to best support Canadians when CERB ends.
"We will continue to do whatever it takes to make sure Canadians have the most appropriate measures in place so that we're best positioned to make economic gains, going forward."
But McDade remains unconvinced. When talking about the transition from CERB to EI, McDade said that there are a lot of people that will fall through the cracks when the end of September, and CERB, comes.
"October's going to be a really tough month."
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Xero Me is for Australian payroll employees and managers. Xero recently announced the release of Xero Me for iOS and Android in Australia. Xero Me gives employees and managers the flexibility to manage leave and view pay history from anywhere.
We have found that some of our clients forget to pay the annual fee.


ROB JOHNSTON, chief executive of Cumbria Chamber of Commerce, explains how businesses can access a £4m pot of funding to help them grow.
"The Chamber has £4m of funding from the Regional Growth Fund to give out as grants to Cumbrian businesses, focussed on existing manufacturers and those in services to manufacturing. These grants are to help you grow your business and create/safeguard private sector jobs - unlocking the opportunities that may not be able to go ahead because of lack of funding.
"The minimum grant will be £10,000 with a maximum up to £1m. It's a grant so you don't have to repay anything - all we ask in return is evidence of jobs created and/or safeguarded. Run by the Chamber, it will be straightforward to apply with fast turnaround on decisions.
"This latest scheme follows a long line of successes the Chamber team has had in winning money to support businesses in the county. It will be delivered by us through the Growth Hub, working alongside the range of support offered by the Chamber and other partners.
"As part of this, through the Growth Hub, we have advisers who can help you get the money and focus it in the best way for your business – free of charge to you.
"And there are certainly the opportunities for further growth out there as many Cumbrian businesses are demonstrating.
"Recent economic indicators show how far our economy has come since the dark days of 2008.
"Without doubt this Government's policies and approach have been a significant factor in this turnaround – not least Quantitative Easing. And for the first time I've known we've had a Business Minister who's genuinely championed small businesses.
"But, and it's a big but, this is only part of the story. Ultimately it's businesses that drive the economy and have driven the recovery. They're the ones that take the risks and have the vision, commitment and stamina that's enabled our economy to recover so well. So when you listen to the debate over the coming weeks in the run up to the election remember that the reason the UK economy is now doing so well is because of you. It's your resilience and determination that has made the recovery a reality.
"As many people have heard me say before, if the economy doesn't perform, that is if businesses aren't profitable, then we can't afford to fund our aspirations around education and health.
"With fantastic opportunities and probably the best business support services and funding we've ever had driven here in Cumbria for Cumbria through the Growth Hub and Growth Hub partners things look set to get even better.
"Clearly the commitment, drive and entrepreneurial spirit of the Cumbrian business community is serving us well - long may it continue!"


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All posts tagged "Europe"
Europe10 months ago
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Prince William Teams Up With Shakira, Cate Blanchett, Queen Rania, And More For Earthshot Prize Coun...
Prince William Teams Up With Shakira, Cate Blanchett, Queen Rania, And More For Earthshot Prize Council
The Duke of Cambridge has pulled together activists and philanthropists from the worlds of entertainment, sports, business and leadership for his $65 million Earthshot environmental prize.
by Omid Scobie / October 10, 2020
Prince William has brought together a list of global leaders from the worlds of entertainment, sports, and philanthropy to assemble a 13-strong council for his $65 million environmental prize.
Familiar faces on the influential and diverse panel include Cate Blanchett, Shakira, Queen Rania of Jordan, and basketball star Yao Ming, all of whom are currently engaged in environmental activism.
The Earthshot Prize prize council members, who represent six continents, will sit alongside the Duke of Cambridge and Sir David Attenborough as they are supported by a scientific advisory panel to select five winners each year for the next ten years to provide at least 50 solutions to the world's biggest environmental problems by 2030.
Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge and Prince William, Duke of Cambridge (Photo: Joe Giddens – WPA Pool/Getty Images)
Related article: Kate Middleton Wears A Red Floral Number For A Bagel Shop Visit With Prince William
"Your children, my children – they have to find ways to reduce carbon emissions, to repair our oceans, to clean the air," Shakira said of the project. "So we need young minds to be informed and invested, which is why education is so important. But we can't just stand still. We have to lead the way and we have to do it now. I know it's ambitious and I know there will be so many challenges along the way but I also know there will be so many who will rise to the occasion."
Blanchett adds, "All around the world, science and community-based initiatives are leading to ground-breaking inventions and solutions which, if provided with the platform and resources to be implemented on a larger scale, could have a significant and positive impact on the environment and global economy. The Earthshot Prize aims to do just that, and by providing this vital platform, we hope to refocus the narrative on climate change to one of hope and action."
Also joining the group are Brazilian soccer star Dani Alves, Costa Rican diplomat Christiana Figueres, former PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi, Chinese business magnate and philanthropist Jack Ma, Japanese astronaut (and second Japanese woman to fly to space) Naoko Yamazaki, and Chad-born geographer Hindou Ibrahim. The thirteenth member is Nigerian economist and international development expert Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala.
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Nominations for the first Earthshot awards ceremony, which is taking place in London in the fall of 2021, will open on November 1, with over 100 nominating partners invited to cast their entries. Nominees can be communities, businesses, organizations, towns, cities, or even individuals—from a scientist leading a team of researchers to a 12-year-old boy making change to a small community in Kenya.
The group will be supported by a Global Alliance featuring a network of organizations around the world which have a shared goal of repairing the planet. Partners include WWF, Greenpeace, and Conservation International.
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"I felt very much that there's a lot of people wanting to do many good things for the environment and what they need is a bit of a catalyst, a bit of hope, a bit of positivity that we can actually fix what's being presented," Prince William told BBC Radio 4's Today show on October 8. "I think that urgency with optimism really creates action. And so The Earthshot Prize is really about harnessing that optimism and that urgency to find solutions to some of the world's greatest environmental problems."
He added, "We believe that this decade is one of the most crucial decades for the environment and by 2030 we really hope to have made huge strides in fixing some of the biggest problems the earth faces."
This article originally appeared on Harper's BAZAAR US.
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Q: Читать сообщения публичных каналов Мне нужно в приложение читать сообщения некоторых публичных каналов, как например это происходит https://tlgrm.ru/channels/tech
Как я понял бот для этого дела не подойдет.
Нужно использовать client api, но везде что с каналом методы связаны везде нужен channel_id но где его взять я не знаю, у меня есть только имена каналов, а как по ним получить его id я не нашел такого метода.
Может кто-то уже делал что-то подобное?
UPD
Подсказали решение в этой ветке https://stackoverflow.com/a/46529402/4927579

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"A year and a half after Senator Grassley and the Judiciary Committee questioned why Hillary Clinton still had a security clearance, the clearance has been withdrawn. Yes, isn't it about time! The interesting way it happened shows how things work in D.C. and how slow the pace is to get anything done. Grassley sent the letter last March and then this August just one week after John Brennan's clearance was pulled, Hillary just so happened to "request" that her clearance be pulled. A preemptive strike?
It's interesting that Hillary Clinton preemptively had her security clearance withdrawn in August "at her request".
State Department official Charles Faulkner wrote to Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Chuck Grassley, in a letter released Friday. The letter sent to Senator Grassley was part of the investigation into the "mishandling" of classified information by Clinton during her tenure at the State Department.
It's believed that saying this was at her request gives Clinton a way of saying this isn't important to her…we don't buy it. She knew this was coming and decided to preemptively to have the clearance withdrawn.


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02/26/2018 - EPA Mission Tracker
Removing Academic Scientists from Science Advisory Panels
EPA has removed qualified academics from its advisory panels and replaced them with industry scientists and consultants – including at least one known for being a climate change skeptic.
Advisory committees provide EPA with independent, expert advice on an array of issues the agency must consider that require science-intensive analysis or judgment. These include advising the agency on setting air quality standards, determining acceptable risk levels for exposure to toxic chemicals, and studying of the impact of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water.
EPA is known as an expert, science agency, and it relies on panels of independent and highly qualified scientists to complement its own resources and expertise. Scientists who serve on these panels are noted for their outstanding qualifications and for their independence from private sector businesses that EPA regulates. They are usually employees of universities or similar research institutions. These affiliations assure the agency and the public that their work is disinterested and objective.
In an unprecedented directive on Oct. 31, 2017, Administrator Pruitt removed scientists from several of these panels on the basis of a novel interpretation of what constituted a conflict of interest. He directed that no one can serve on an advisory panel if they have received a grant from EPA. This pre-condition disproportionately affects academic experts who routinely receive government funding for research.
Federal courts have long discredited this interpretation of a conflict of interest. For example, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals stated: "Working for or receiving a grant from [an agency], or co-authoring a paper with a person affiliated with the department, does not impair a scientist's ability to provide technical, scientific peer review of a study sponsored by . . . one of its agencies." Cargill, Inc., v. United States, 173 F. 3d 323, 339 (1999).
As a result of the new directive, membership of these committees has changed dramatically. The Union of Concerned Scientists reports that since 2017, the proportion of leading academics on the Science Advisory Board has fallen from 79% to 47% and the proportion of industry-employed scientists has risen from 6% to 22%.
For more information on changes to EPA's advisory panels, please see:
Appointing a Climate Change Skeptic to EPA's Advisory Committee
Changes to the Clean Air Science Advisory Committee.
Potential Presidential Committee on Climate Security
This post was edited for clarity on Jan. 21, 2020.
Return to the Mission Tracker


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Another Patient Attacks, Another "Root Cause Analysis"
#SILENTNOMORE.
Another nurse subjected to violence in the workplace. The response? A "Root Cause Analysis."
34-year-old male, Christian Bonnette, is now charged with one felony count of attempted rape by forcible compulsion and three counts of aggravated assault after assaulting a registered nurse at Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center.
After attempting to strangle his nurse, barricading her in his room, and attempting to rape her, he is now being held on $100,000 bail. According to one nurse who messaged me, he may even be readmitted to the same hospital for further treatment.
The hospital released a statement:
In an effort to "reinforce" their mission to prevent harmful events in their hospital, leadership are preparing a "root cause analysis evaluation" for the incident and have notified appropriate regulatory agencies.
You can read the rest of the story here.
PROBATION, but no jail time??
In recent news, a Houston doctor who was convicted of raping a patient in her hospital bed while she was sedated was sentenced Friday to 10 years probation but no jail time.
In 2015, the victim said that she had been heavily sedated when Dr. Sheikh came into her room and told her he needed to check her lungs. What followed ultimately led to his conviction for rape.
HIs medical license was revoked and he is now a registered sex offender, but the jury gave him no jail time.
Are we doing enough to protect both patients and staff in medical settings?
Is Hershey Medical Center doing enough to remedy this horrific act against one of their nurses?
These aren't the first stories of their kind. #silentnomore has brought to light many acts of violence against healthcare workers. Remember the tragedy in Yountville and the nurse stabbed in her Newark hospital's parking lot?
#MeToo. Is sexual assault in healthcare an epidemic? See more here. And are we holding the perpetrators responsible or is there a double standard?
ZPac, it's time to raise our voices and take care of our own. We work to serve and care for others, but we must not forget that we deserve the same care and compassion. What can we do to change the culture? I want to hear your thoughts and ideas.
Watch the original video here on Facebook, comment and share with your colleagues. If you want to listen to the audio podcast versions, they are available here on iTunes and Soundcloud.
Jimmy's Story
CPR is Sexist!
Is Price Gouging Killing Diabetics?
May The 4th Be With You
#SilentNoMore Administration Hospital Incident Report Medical Ethics News Nursing Psychiatry Sexual Abuse


Life insurance is one of the most important investments you will ever make. Whether you are a student or a breadwinner, your life insurance pay-out is the financial lifeline your family will need in the event of your death. As a first time buyer of life insurance you will no doubt be overwhelmed by the number of insurance companies selling life insurance.
Exclusions: has the life insurance company stipulated that they will not pay out under certain circumstances, for example if you die in a car accident while driving a vehicle that is not roadworthy. Ensure that all exclusion clauses are clearly worded and you understand exactly what would constitute an exclusion.
Premium increases: how often will your premiums increase and by how much?
Benefit amount: what is your benefit, or in other words the amount the company will pay out in the event of your death?
Waiting periods: has the company imposed any waiting periods? For example, some companies impose a waiting period for natural death. This means that they will not pay out a claim if you die of natural causes within the stipulated time period.
It is also important to ensure that you buy your life insurance policy from a reputable insurance company. Check that they are registered with the Financial Services Board by visiting www.fsb.co.za.
Take the time that you need to read any quotes or policy documents carefully and ensure that you understand all the benefits, terms and conditions. Your broker or insurance company should be able to answer any questions you have.
Get a Pure Life Cover quote from 1Life today. It is simple and convenient.


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Tag Archives: Alzheimer's and politics
Weather Report: Alzheimer's Winds Rise From Mild to Moderate During Political Hurricane
November 6, 2020 UncategorizedAlzheimer's and politics, Care Eco System Ochsner, Caregiver spouse isolation, From MCI to Moderate Alzheimer's Ochsner Brain Health Centers, Moderate Alzheimer's vs mildMCI Alice
So between a hurricane which knocked out our power and the new grandbaby and an election that has yet to be settled, I have been adjusting to another new reality, less dramatic but personally profound concerning Ralph.
When we met with our new team at Ochsner's brain health center, the neuropsychologist, Dr. S., was wonderfully tactful.
"You have been doing really well holding steady and now have shifted from mild to moderate."
That was all he said about the day's testing before moving on to discuss…well I kind of tuned out at that point. Ralph didn't register anything of concern and I registered it all too well.
Basically we are at that tipping point I have been expecting. And yet now that the level of cognitive decline is officially changed, it feels less dramatic and specific than I thought.
Or it did.
A news alert on my phone bolted me awake early this morning.
"Biden is ahead in Georgia." I shrieked to Ralph.
"Is that important."
"Very," I am quivering with excitement to share.
"Who was he running against?"
"Trump."
"Oh yeah. Who's winning."
"We don't know yet."
"Is this the primary?"
"No, it's the election. You've been listening all about it on the radio."
"I wasn't really paying attention."
"Well it's up in the air. People are very nervous."
"Remind me who'se running."
"Biden and Trump."
"Oh yeah. I don't remember voting."
"We mailed in."
"Oh yeah." And he's back to sleep.
Living through this crazy election with Ralph really points up the oddness of living in a marriage with someone on the Alzheimer's spectrum.
Ralph listens to NPR all day while sitting in his "office." Ralph spent his first 64 years a deeply political animal, even as he veered from socialist to libertarian to Hillary fan. Many of our marital battles centered on political disagreements (masking perhaps deeper psychological/emotional issues we weren't ready to face). Certainly family dinner conversation focused on Ralph's take on the news of the day.
Yet now, as one of the most important elections of our lives unfolds from one excruciating moment to the next and my anxiety level has ratcheted up from eating everything in sight to losing my appetite all together, Ralph is oblivious. And the divide between us feels all more acute.
He knows the names. Biden Trump. "Is this Trump's first or second term?" He likes to ask. But it matters to him no more than the weather. Actually the weather matters to him much more.
Over the last few days I have texted and spoken to friends and family in a constant sharing of mutual anxiety. I have certainly not felt alone. But increasingly, Ralph is although I'm not sure he notices.


There is something so special about boutique shopping. Social Jane has always been a place I could find the hot new trends. I couldn't wait to pick out a few for the Blog. The first one is the Tie front top. This mustard color is one of the hottest colors for spring and if you can't wear mustard it also comes in White. I paired it with the textured wide-leg cropped pants. This look worked so well with these adorable ankle booties.Such a comfortable outfit that would look great on any body type. I would also wear the top un-tied with skinny jeans or leggings. Ya'll know I have really been crushing on camo so this little camo tank dress was just perfect. It's fun to pair the camo with a floral print. This Kimono has got such a different color scheme. It is trimmed in white pom poms. I think would be stunning with a white tank and white jean to change it up. Graphic T's are fun and they let us show a little personality. Be bolder not older!!! The Dear John Denim long shorts are the perfect alternative to cut-offs. This hat just added to the fun of the graphic t. When you step out with a trend why not take it all the way. This last look is just so elegant... The snakeskin blouse is very pretty. I love the color of these pale pink flare cropped jeans. They are Dear John also and have such a flattering fit. I wore Jennifer Thames jewelry with all three looks, She is a Mississippi designer and makes some fabulous pieces with such good price points. The store is full of great accessories. You will be greeted and appreciated for shopping here. I have often received handwritten thank you notes after shopping there. It is really refreshing. Social Jane is offering a 20% off one item if you tell her that you follow me. This discount is not good during the Good Friday sale or on top of any other discount. These items are in-store-only however they would be happy to ship. Follow them and shop them on Facebook and Instagram.


Each of these micro-economies has its own set of dynamics. In the Detroit metro area, big companies connected to the auto industry and heavy manufacturing dominate. These organizations are sensitive to changes in the economic climate, and when the industry falters, nearly everything falters with it. The good news, though, is that these large organizations provide stability in the region.
The story in Ann Arbor is completely different. Despite its proximity to Detroit, Ann Arbor does not depend on the same massive companies. With the University of Michigan as an intellectual, cultural, and financial hub, the industry is knowledge and the spirit is an entrepreneurial one: people don't depend on pre-existing companies—they start new ones. Consider the fact that the founders of Google and Groupon, and dozens of other successful new economy entrepreneurs, got their start in Ann Arbor.
The entire state would benefit if businesses in Detroit, Ann Arbor and Grand Rapids worked more closely together, says Jeff DeGraff.
The thing about Ann Arbor, though, is that all this start-up energy and growth is unsustainable. The people who start new companies don't stay in Ann Arbor. They move elsewhere, to places where they can get the capital they need to quickly grow.
There is yet another economic reality in Western Michigan, where neither big businesses nor small start-ups dominate. From Kalamazoo to Traverse City, mid-size, family-owned companies thrive. Grand Rapids serves as its economic center. Excellent sources of jobs, these organizations are sustainable units of reliable profitability. They make the region a particularly stable place and grow at a steady pace. But attracting younger, highly skilled talent into this region can be a challenge given its distance from a vibrant cosmopolitan center.
In an ideal world, these three different economies would be interconnected like concentric circles with the large companies at the center, encouraging the growth of adjacent mid-size companies, in turn promoting the development of surrounding smaller companies.
The problem is that these three economies simply don't sync up. They are so disconnected from each other, both ideologically and economically, that we don't benefit from the rewards of their potential synergistic relationships. It's time to bridge the gaps between these three regions.
If we consider our community as a collection of companies, organizations and inter-related civic interests - not as discrete entities – we will begin to see ways in which to create valuable connections. Think of it like a shopping mall: A few anchor stores like Macy's and Nordstrom, a wide variety of mid-size category stores like J. Crew and Sephora, and a handful of specialty niche stores like Coach and Godiva. A mall that has achieved both a balance and some coherence between these three types of stores usually provides a better shopping experience than ones with missing pieces.
One way to do this with Michigan's economy is to identify three matchmakers for each of the three basic varieties of businesses. These individuals would work in cooperation with the Michigan Economic Development Corporation in cross-regional teams to identify and create efficiencies, drive sales and develop innovative solutions that could not be created separately.
For example, a start-up firm in Ann Arbor develops a breakthrough oil filtration material but lacks the capability to produce or sell it at scale. Matchmakers would meet and find a company in Kalamazoo that makes oil filters for snowmobiles and boat motors and help them license the technology. Then the matchmakers meet sometime later to discuss an opportunity at a major automobile manufacturer in the Detroit area that is looking for an oil filtration solution that greatly increases gas mileage while being more eco-friendly. With the group's help, the corporation licenses the technology from the mid-size company.
Trade groups do this all the time, as do governments. For example, Canada and Germany routinely package collections of businesses and negotiate favorable licensing agreements and provide entrée into new markets. That is, they actively connect the products and services of small, medium and large companies and represent them as a single solution to potential buyers.
Consider this the regional equivalent of a business model innovation. That is, the innovation doesn't exist in any product or service offered but rather how everything fits together to become a novel and attractive solution. Think about how the real innovation in Apple doesn't exist in any one gadget or service but rather the seamless connection between them: Your iPhone works with your iPad and connects to iTunes and they're all serviced by the Apple Store. The innovation is in how it all syncs up. Now if we can just do something similar with Michigan's three economies.
· How would you select the matchmakers who would connect the state's regional businesses?
· What other ideas do you have for getting people in Detroit, Ann Arbor, and Grand Rapids talking and collaborating more?
Listen to Jeff DeGraff discuss his essay on "Stateside with Cynthia Canty"


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Tag Archives: battle of palwan passage
October 22, 2020 · 01:04
Leyte Gulf Part Two: Sinking Musashi at the Battle of Sibuyan Sea
Battleship Musashi
Friends of Padre Steve's World,
As I did last night I am taking a bit of a break by republishing parts of a series I did on the Battle of Leyte Gulf. I'm doing this because I am still too worm out to write anything new. Today I passed my retirement physical which means that I can retire unless something really happens. Then I went to work, caught up on email, conducted a couple of counseling sessions and later made some contact with some local universities and other organizations that might be interested in hiring me upon retirement. Once home I did some more work to get ready for the painters coming in tomorrow which will involve more work plus Zoom calls with a potential employer and my agent to figure out how to to do my book's index in Microsoft Word. So anyway I will be getting up earlier to get the first Zoom interview before the contractors arrive.
So until the next time, please stay safe, wear a good quality face mask correctly, wash your hands, and socially distance. Oh, and by the way don't listen to a damned bit of advice from the President about Coronavirus 19, because he doesn't know his ass from a hole in the ground and doesn't care how many people die, even his supporters. Just a bit of fatherly advice from someone who does know his ass from a hole in the ground and wants us all to live, including Trump supporters.
By the way, any bets on The third and final debate?
So until tomorrow and my installment on the Battle of Surigao Strait, I wish you all the best.
Padre Steve+
Yesterday I reposted the introduction to this series dealing with the Japanese plan and the opening engagement where the U.S. Navy submarines USS Darter and USS Dace sank the Japanese Heavy Cruisers Atago and Maya, and heavily damaged their sister ship Takao.
Takao was escorted to Brunei by two destroyers, and later to Singapore where she was deemed unrepairable unless towed to Japan, an action considered too risky. So she was used as a floating anti-aircraft battery and was sunk as a target by the HMS Newfoundland.
But the loss of Atago was more problematic for she was Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's Flagship and sank so fast that Kurita had to swim for his life and lost many key staff members which would impact his conduct of the coming battles. Kurita was rescued by a destroyer and transferred his flag to the battleship Yamato. However Kurita had lost 5 vital ships that he would need to succeed in his mission. Between them the three cruisers mounted twenty-eight 8" Guns and forty-eight 24" torpedo tubes which fired the deadly Type 93 Long Lance torpedoes, the most advanced torpedoes produced during the war. He also lost the support of two large, fast, and powerful destroyers.
Following the loss of the three cruisers, the largest and most powerful in the Imperial Navy, Kurita's Center Force had an uneventful rest of the day on the 23rd as his ships kept a watchful eye and ear for more US Navy submarines. At about 0800 on 24 October the Center Force was spotted by 3 U.S. Army Air Force B-24 Liberator bombers which promptly reported them.
TBF Avenger dropping its "fish" 19 would hit Musashi
One of the ships in the Center Force was the battleship Musashi, sister ship of the mighty Yamato which was also in the force. The two battlewagons were the largest battleships ever built. With a full load displacement of 72,800 tons and an armament of nine 18.1 inch guns, the largest battery ever mounted on a warship the two behemoths also had massive anti-aircraft batteries and the Japanese were counting on them leading the Center Force to a miraculous victory during the battle. Admiral Kurita addressed his commanders prior to the battle:
"I know that many of you are strongly opposed to this assignment. But the war situation is far more critical than any of you can possibly know. Would it not be shameful to have the fleet remain intact while our nation perishes? I believe that the Imperial General Headquarters is giving us a glorious opportunity. Because I realize how very serious the war situation actually is, I am willing to accept even this ultimate assignment to storm into Leyte Gulf. You must all remember that there are such things as miracles."
Musashi or Yamato under attack October 24th 1944
At 1000 the Musashi's radar picked up approaching aircraft. These were from the USS Intrepid and the USS Cabot which were assigned to Rear Admiral Gerard Bogan's Task Group 38.4. The anti-aircraft crews and damage control teams prepared as the ship's bugle sounded the alarm. As the aircraft came closer the main guns of the Musashi fired but ceased fire as the aircraft drew closer.
SB2C-3 Helldiver dive bombers, carrying 500 and 1000 pound armor piercing bombs plunged downward at the ships of the Center Force. F6F Hellcat fighters unopposed by enemy fighters conducted strafing runs as TBF Avenger torpedo bombers dropped their deadly Mark-13 torpedoes, loaded with 600 pounds of RDX or Torpex explosive, 50% more powerful than TNT whose design and use were perfected by wartime experience. at the Musashi. The big ship avoided two of the "fish" but a third struck causing little damage and the first wave few away. Musashi reported that she had sustained a hit and continued on. The Japanese sailors knew that this would not be the last attack. Though Musashi had weathered the first strike the American fliers hit the battleships Nagato, Yamato and severely damaged the heavy cruiser Myōkō.
Musashi hit
At 1140 the Musashi's radar picked up the next wave of attackers and at 1203. These were from the Intrepid, Essex and Lexington. Hitting the Center Force in two waves a half hour apart these aircraft delivered punishing blows on Musashi. She was hit by 3 torpedoes and 2 bombs. The torpedoes caused damage that caused a 5 degree list and was down six feet by the bow. The torpedo damage was concentrated midships and one torpedo flooded her number 4 engine room. One of the bombs hit an engine room and disabled her port inline propeller shaft. With her speed reduced she proceeded on.
Musashi under Attack
Thirty minutes following this attack at about 1330 Musashi was attacked again by Helldivers and Avengers. She is hit by 4 1000 pound bombs and 4 torpedoes. She was now so badly damage that she could no longer keep up with the fleet and dropped behind to fend for herself. At 1350 this attack ended and her speed reduced to 20 knots while she was now down 13 feet by the bow, with nearly all of her trim and void tanks full. With such damage the was now little room for any more damage in her forward compartments, but the hits would keep coming even as she dropped behind the rest of the fleet.
Separated from the fleet, the wounded giant was now attacked by aircraft from the Enterprise, Cabot, Franklin and Intrepid that score hits with 11 bombs including the deadly 1000 pounders and 8 torpedoes. During the course of these attacks which ended shortly after 1530, the Musashi sustained 19 torpedo and 17 bomb hits and taken 18 near hits close aboard. The damage was fatal
At 1620 her skipper Rear Admiral Toshihira Inoguchi began desperate damage control measures to control the increasing list which had reached 10 degrees to port. Now dead in the water Musashi continued to list further and when the list reached 12 degrees at 1915 Inoguchi ordered preparations to abandon ship. The surviving crew assembled on the deck, the battle flag and the Emperor's portrait were removed. Admiral Inoguchi gave his personal notebook to his Executive officer Captain Kenkichi Kato and directed then him to abandon ship. Admiral Inoguchi retired to his cabin and was not seen again. At 1930 with the list now 30 degrees Captain Kato gave the order to abandon ship and soon with the list increasing further men began to slide across the decks being crushed in the process. Panic broke out among the crew which had been assembled by divisions and Captain Kato ordered "every man for himself." At 1936 the ship capsized and port and went down by the bow sinking in 4,430 feet of water in the Visayan Sea at 13-07N, 122-32E.
The destroyers Kiyoshimo, Isokaze and Hamakaze rescued 1,376 survivors including Captain Kato, but 1,023 of Musashi's 2,399 man crew were lost including her skipper, Rear Admiral Inoguchi who was promoted Vice Admiral, posthumously.
The rest of the Center Force under Kurita turned around to get out of range of the aircraft, passing the crippled Musashi as his force retreated. Kurita's retreat was temporary and Kurita waited until 17:15 before turning around again to head for the San Bernardino Strait hoping to find it empty of American ships. His force was still battle worthy because the majority of the 259 sorties were directed on Musashi and the Heavy Cruiser Myōkō which retired heavily damaged. The Southern Force which had also been hit by American carrier air strikes also continued its push toward Surigao Strait.
Kurita's Center Force was now without one of the two most powerful battleships in the world, four heavy cruisers, and two destroyers going in to the fight of their lives.
The Battle of Surigao Strait, the revenge of the Pearl Harbor Battleships will be the next article in this series.
Filed under aircraft, History, imperial japan, Military, Navy Ships, US Navy, World War II at Sea, world war two in the pacific
Tagged as battle of leyte gulf, battle of palwan passage, battle of the sibuyan sea, f6f hellcat, ijn atago, ijn maya, ijn musashi, ijn myoko, ijn takao, ijn yamato, Mk 13 Aerial Torpedo, Rear Admiral Toshihira Inoguchi, sb2c helldiver, tbf avenger, tf-38, Type 93 long lance torpedoes, uss cabot, uss dace, uss darter, uss enterprise cv-6, uss essex cv-9, uss franklin, uss intrepid, uss lexington, Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita
The Battle of Leyte Gulf: Introduction and the Battle of Palawan Passage
Every year it seems that I return to the Battle of Leyte Gulf. This time it is because I have too much to do to put anything new out. I will be working with my agent while I have contractors in my house on Thursday to find out how to use Microsoft Word to create the index for my book, and talk with a potential employer, both via Zoom while they are working. I have been working hard in the house making sure everything is ready for Thursday, and clearing out stuff to be kept, sold, or trashed. Later this morning after I go to bed and wake up I go to my retirement physical then in to work where I have a number of counseling cases scheduled. So until whenever I post the next part of this series or something new, have a good night and a better tomorrow, unless like for you tomorrow will be today with a break.
Introduction to the Battle of Leyte Gulf
This was the largest and most expansive naval battle in history. Thousands and ships and aircraft, including the largest battleships ever constructed. Tens of thousands of sailors and Marines on both sides died in the battle. The Japanese first employed the Kamikazes aviators determined to sacrifice their lives in suicide attacks to save their country, as great storms, typhoons did against the Mongols in 1274 and 1281. It is a battle that should not be forgotten, and one which the lessons of should be remembered, even 75 years later.
This is the first of a five article series on the Battle of Letye Gulf. I may add a sixth this year. The battle was the largest in history both in terms of the number of ships involved and the amount of area covered. The action was triggered by the American invasion of the Philippines causing the Japanese to initiate their Shō-Gō 1 (Victory Plan 1) to attempt to defeat the Americans. The plan relied heavily on land based air power which most of unfortunately for the Japanese was destroyed during the American carrier air strikes on Formosa earlier in the month.
The battle was necessitated by the absolute need for the Japanese to hold the Philippines in order to maintain their supply lines with the oil resources in Southeast Asia, and in the process defeat the Americans at all costs. As Admiral Soemu Toyoda the Chief of the Combined Fleet explained under interrogation after the war
Should we lose in the Philippines operations, even though the fleet should be left, the shipping lane to the south would be completely cut off so that the fleet, if it should come back to Japanese waters, could not obtain its fuel supply. If it should remain in southern waters, it could not receive supplies of ammunition and arms. There would be no sense in saving the fleet at the expense of the loss of the Philippines.
Atago Class Cruiser
The battle was comprised of 5 battles, the Battle of Palawan Passage, the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, the Battle of Surigao Strait, the Battle of Cape Engaño and the Battle off Samar. All told about 70 Japanese warships and 210 American and Australian ships were engaged. A further 300 Japanese aircraft, mostly land based and 1500 American carrier aircraft took part in the battle.
The Japanese order of battle included 1 Fleet and 3 Light Fleet Carriers with a minimal air group, 9 Battleships including the two largest ever built the Yamato and Musashi, 14 Heavy and 6 Light Cruisers and about 3 destroyers. They were divided into four task forces, the Northern Force under the command of Vice-Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa which had all of the Carriers including the last surviving carrier of the Pearl Harbor attack the Fleet Carrier Zuikaku plus the converted hybrid Battleships Ise and Hyuga; the Southern Force which was two distinct and independent task forces. One was under the command of Vice Admirals Shoji Nishimura and Vice Admiral Kiyohide Shima and was built around the ancient battleships Fuso and Yamashiro and 3 Heavy Cruisers; and the Center Force under the command of Vice Admiral Takeo Kuritawhich had the Battleships Yamato, Musashi, Nagato, Kongo and Haruna, 10 Heavy and 2 Light Cruisers and 1 destroyers. The Center force was to pass through the San Bernardino Strait and converge on the American landing forces off Samar with the Southern Force which as to come through the Surigo Strait. The Japanese also planned for the first use of Kamikazes as part of the action.
Heavy Cruiser Atago
The American fleet was comprised of the 3rd Fleet under Admiral William Halsey which was built around the Fast Carrier Task Forces and Fast Battleships of Task Force 38 under the Command of Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher and the Battle Line Task Force 34 under the Command of Vice Admiral Willis Lee; and the 7th Fleet under Vice Admiral William Kinkaid which was the naval support for the landings.
The 7th Fleet had under its control the old Battleships West Virginia, California, Tennessee, Maryland, Colorado and Pennsylvania and 18 Escort Carriers which provided the close air support for the Invasion. All told the Americans had 8 Fleet and 8 Light Fleet Carriers, 18 Escort Carriers, 12 Battleships, 24 Cruisers and 141 Destroyers as well as submarines, PT Boats, Transports, Landing Ships and Auxiliaries. 7th Fleet was not the glamour Navy, its task was the protection and support of the amphibious landings by Douglas McArthur's Army units.
This series will focus on a number of individual battles and decisions in the battle.
This section will focus on the action of the Submarines Darter and Dace against the Center force in the Palawan Passage. The next will be the sinking of the Musashi during the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, it will be followed by the revenge of the Old Battleships at Surigo Strait. The next will be the great decision of Admiral Halsey to pursue the Northern Force and leave the San Bernardino Strait unguarded, followed by the Battle off Samar and last the death of the Japanese Naval Aviation at Cape Engaño.
The Battle of Palawan Passage
Admiral Takeo Kurita and the powerful Center Force departed their anchorage at Brunei on 20 October 1944. The task force entered the Palawan Passage on the night of 22-23 October where they were sighted by the American Submarines Darter and Dace which had been posted at the strait for such a possibility. Darter made radar contact at 30,000 yards at 0018 hours on the 23rd and sent out contact reports. The two submarines shadowed the Center Force on the surface to gain an intercept position and submerged just before dawn.
Darter struck first at 0524 firing a spread of 6 torpedoes scoring 4 hits on Admiral Kurita's flagship the Heavy Cruiser Atago. She reloaded and stuck the Heavy Cruiser Takao with 2 torpedoes at 0634. At 0554 Dace hit the Heavy Cruiser Maya with 4 torpedoes.
USS Darter
The blow was severe. Atago was mortally wounded she capsized and sank at 0553 with the loss of 360 crew members. She sank so rapidly that Kurita had to swim and was rescued with his Chief of Staff by a destroyer, but many of his staff members were lost with the ship. Though Kurita transferred his flag to Yamato, he was now without the advice and counsel of experienced and trusted staff officers that might have prevented his later mistakes during the Battle off Samar.
Takao suffered heavy damage and though she did not sink she had to proceed crippled to Singapore under the guard of two destroyers. Though she survived the war she never saw action again. Maya, struck at 0554 by 4 torpedoes suffered much damage and was wracked by powerful secondary explosions. By 0600 she was dead in the water and sank five minutes later with the loss of 337 crew members.
The attack of the two submarines was significant; the Japanese lost 3 powerful Heavy Cruisers and had to send two of their destroyers away to guard Takao as she limped away from the action. Likewise the loss of Kurita's experienced staff hindered his conduct of the battle on the 24th. The cruisers were a big loss, at 13,000 tons and armed with ten 8"guns they could steam at 35 knots and would have been a significant help during the action off Samar.
The Wreck of USS Darter
Darter and Dace conducted a pursuit of the crippled Takao which had to be broken off when Darter ran aground on Bombay Shoal. Despite the best efforts of her crew and that of the Dace to free her she was hopelessly stuck. Her crew was unable to scuttle her and the Japanese were able to board her after she was abandoned and for the first time get a look at the details of a Gato class submarine.
Kurita's force would continue on into the Sibuyan Sea where they would be attacked again, this time by the aircraft of Admiral Bull Halsey's carriers. But that is the subject of the next article…
Filed under aircraft, History, Military, Navy Ships, us army, US Army Air Corps, US Marine Corps, US Navy, World War II at Sea, world war two in the pacific
Tagged as admiral jisaburo ozawa, admiral marc mitscher, admiral nishimura, admiral soemu toyoda, admiral takeo kurita, admiral william halsey, admiral willis lee, battle of cape engano, battle of leyte gulf, battle of palwan passage, battle of sibuyan sea, battle of surigao strait, battle off samar, central force, ijn atago, ijn chitose, ijn fuso, ijn haruna, ijn hyuga, ijn ise, ijn kongo, ijn maya, ijn mogami, ijn musashi, ijn nagato, ijn takao, ijn yamashiro, ijn yamato, ijn zuiho, ijn zuikaku, imperial japanese navy, japanse southern force, jesse oldendorf, kamikazes, northern force, Rear Admiral Thomas Kincaid, seventh fleet, Shō-Gō 1, task force 34, task force 38, third fleet, U.S. Navy, uss dace, uss darter, vice admiral Kiyohide Shima, Vice Admiral William Kinkaid
Shō-Gō 1: Introduction to and the Beginning of the Battle of Leyte Gulf; the Greatest Naval Battle of All Time
Every year it seems that I return to the Battle of Leyte Gulf. This was the largest and most expansive naval battle in history. Thousands and ships and aircraft, including the largest battleships ever constructed. Tens of thousands of sailors and Marines on both sides died in the battle. The Japanese first employed the Kamikazes aviators determined to sacrifice their lives in suicide attacks to save their country, as great storms, typhoons did against the Mongols in 1274 and 1281. It is a battle that should not be forgotten, and one which the lessons of should be remembered, even 75 years later.
Kurita's force would continue on into the Sibuyan Sea where they would be attacked again, this time by the aircraft of Admiral Bull Halsey's carriers. But that is the subject of the next article.
Filed under History, leadership, Military, Navy Ships, us army, US Navy, World War II at Sea, world war two in the pacific
Tagged as abraham lincoln, admiral jisaburo ozawa, admiral marc mitscher, admiral nishimura, admiral soemu toyoda, admiral takeo kurita, admiral william halsey, admiral willis lee, battle of cape engano, battle of leyte gulf, battle of palwan passage, battle of sibuyan sea, battle of surigao strait, battle off samar, central force, ijn atago, ijn chitose, ijn fuso, ijn haruna, ijn hyuga, ijn ise, ijn kongo, ijn maya, ijn mogami, ijn musashi, ijn nagato, ijn takao, ijn yamashiro, ijn yamato, ijn zuiho, ijn zuikaku, imperial japanese navy, japanse southern force, jesse oldendorf, kamikazes, northern force, Rear Admiral Thomas Kincaid, seventh fleet, Shō-Gō 1, task force 34, task force 38, third fleet, U.S. Navy, uss dace, uss darter, vice admiral Kiyohide Shima, Vice Admiral William Kinkaid
The Battle of Leyte Gulf Part One: The Plan and Opening Actions
This is the first of a five article series on the Battle of Letye Gulf. The battle was the largest in history both in terms of the number of ships involved and the amount of area covered. The action was triggered by the American invasion of the Philippines causing the Japanese to initiate their Shō-Gō 1 (Victory Plan 1) to attempt to defeat the Americans. The plan relied heavily on land based air power which most of unfortunately for the Japanese was destroyed during the American carrier air strikes on Formosa earlier in the month.
The battle was necessitated by the absolute need for the Japanese to hold the Philippines and defeat the Americans at all costs. As Admiral Soemu Toyoda the Chief of the Combined Fleet explained under interrogation after the war
The battle was comprised of 5 battles, the Battle of Palawan Passage, the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, the Battle of Surigao Strait, the Battle of Cape Engaño and the Battle off Samar. All told about 70 Japanese warships and 210 American and Australian ships were engaged. A further 300 Japanese aircraft, mostly land based and 1500 American carrier aircraft took part in the battle. The Japanese order of battle included 1 Fleet and 3 Light Fleet Carriers with a minimal air group, 9 Battleships including the two largest ever built the Yamato and Musashi, 14 Heavy and 6 Light Cruisers and about 3 destroyers. They were divided into four task forces, the Northern Force under the command of Vice-Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa which had all of the Carriers including the last surviving carrier of the Pearl Harbor attack the Fleet Carrier Zuikaku plus the converted hybrid Battleships Ise and Hyuga; the Southern Force which was two distinct and independent task forces. One was under the command of Vice Admirals Shoji Nishimura and Vice Admiral Kiyohide Shima and was built around the ancient battleships Fuso and Yamashiro and 3 Heavy Cruisers; and the Center Force under the command of Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita which had the Battleships Yamato, Musashi, Nagato, Kongo and Haruna, 10 Heavy and 2 Light Cruisers and 1 destroyers. The Center force was to pass through the San Bernardino Strait and converge on the American landing forces off Samar with the Southern Force which as to come through the Surigo Strait. The Japanese also planned for the first use of Kamikazes as part of the action.
The American fleet was comprised of the 3rd Fleet under Admiral William Halsey which was built around the Fast Carrier Task Forces and Fast Battleships of Task Force 38 under the Command of Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher and the Battle Line Task Force 34 under the Command of Vice Admiral Willis Lee; and the 7th Fleet under Vice Admiral William Kinkaid which was the naval support for the landings. It had under its control the old Battleships West Virginia, California, Tennessee, Maryland, Colorado and Pennsylvania and 18 Escort Carriers which provided the close air support for the Invasion. All told the Americans had 8 Fleet and 8 Light Fleet Carriers, 18 Escort Carriers, 12 Battleships, 24 Cruisers and 141 Destroyers as well as submarines, PT Boats, Transports, Landing Ships and Auxiliaries.
This series will focus on a number of individual battles and decisions in the battle. Part one will focus on the action of the Submarines Darter and Dace against the Center force in the Palawan Passage. The next will be the sinking of the Musashi during the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, it will be followed by the revenge of the Old Battleships at Surigo Strait. The next will be the great decision of Admiral Halsey to pursue the Northern Force and leave the San Bernardino Strait unguarded, followed by the Battle off Samar and last the death of the Japanese Naval Aviation at Cape Engaño.
The blow was severe. Atago was mortally wounded she capsized and sank at 0553 with the loss of 360 crew members. She sank so rapidly that Kurita had to swim and was rescued with his Chief of Staff by a destroyer, but many of his staff members were lost with the ship. Though Kurita transferred his flag to Yamatohe was now without the advice and counsel of officers that might have prevented later mistakes during the Battle off Samar. Takao suffered heavy damage and though she did not sink she had to proceed crippled to Singapore under the guard of two destroyers. Though she survived the war she never saw action again. Maya, struck at 0554 by 4 torpedoes suffered much damage and was wracked by powerful secondary explosions. By 0600 she was dead in the water and sank five minutes later with the loss of 337 crew members.
Filed under History, Military, Navy Ships, US Navy, World War II at Sea, world war two in the pacific
Tagged as admiral soemu toyoda, admiral william halsey, battle of leyte gulf, battle of palwan passage, ijn atago, ijn maya, ijn takao, Shō-Gō 1, uss dace, uss darter, vice admiral Kiyohide Shima, Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher, Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita, Vice Admiral William Kinkaid, vice admiral willis lee, Vice Admirals Shoji Nishimura, Vice-Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa
The Battle of Leyte Gulf: Part One
This is the first of a four article series on the Battle of Letye Gulf. The battle was the largest in history both in terms of the number of ships involved and the amount of area covered. The action was triggered by the American invasion of the Philippines causing the Japanese to initiate their Shō-Gō 1 (Victory Plan 1) to attempt to defeat the Americans. The plan relied heavily on land based air power which most of unfortunately for the Japanese was destroyed during the American carrier air strikes on Formosa earlier in the month.
The battle was comprised of 5 battles, the Battle of Palawan Passage, the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, the Battle of Surigao Strait, the Battle of Cape Engaño and the Battle off Samar. All told about 70 Japanese warships and 210 American and Australian ships were engaged. A further 300 Japanese aircraft, mostly land based and 1500 American carrier aircraft took part in the battle. The Japanese order of battle included 1 Fleet and 3 Light Fleet Carriers with a minimal air group, 9 Battleships including the two largest ever built the Yamato and Musashi, 14 Heavy and 6 Light Cruisers and about 3 destroyers. They were divided into four task forces, the Northern Force under the command of Vice-Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa which had all of the Carriers including the last surviving carrier of the Pearl Harbor attack the Fleet Carrier Zuikaku plus the converted hybrid Battleships Ise and Hyuga; the Southern Force which was two distinct and independent task forces under the command of Vice Admirals Shoji Nishimura and Kiyohide Shima and was built around the ancient battleships Fuso and Yamashiro and 3 Heavy Cruisers; and the Center Force under the command of Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita which had the Battleships Yamato, Musashi, Nagato, Kongo and Haruna, 10 Heavy and 2 Light Cruisers and 1 destroyers. The Center force was to pass through the San Bernardino Strait and converge on the American landing forces off Samar with the Southern Force which as to come through the Surigo Strait. The Japanese also planned for the first use of Kamikazes as part of the action.
Admiral Takeo Kurita and the powerful Center Force departed their anchorage at Bruneion 20 October 1944. The task force entered the Palawan Passage on the night of 22-23 October where they were sighted by the American Submarines Darter and Dace which had been posted at the strait for such a possibility. Darter made radar contact at 30,000 yards at 0018 hours on the 23rd and sent out contact reports. The two submarines shadowed the Center Force on the surface to gain an intercept position and submerged just before dawn.
The blow was severe. Atago was mortally wounded she capsized and sank at 0553 with the loss of 360 crew members. She sank so rapidly that Kurita had to swim and was rescued with his Chief of Staff by a destroyer, but many of his staff members were lost with the ship. Though Kurita transferred his flag to Yamato he was now without the advice and counsel of officers that might have prevented later mistakes during the Battle off Samar. Takao suffered heavy damage and though she did not sink she had to proceed crippled to Singapore under the guard of two destroyers. Though she survived the war she never saw action again. Maya, struck at 0554 by 4 torpedoes suffered much damage and was wracked by powerful secondary explosions. By 0600 she was dead in the water and sank five minutes later with the loss of 337 crew members.
Filed under History, Military, Navy Ships, US Navy, world war two in the pacific
Tagged as battle of leyte gulf, battle of palwan passage, ijn atago, ijn maya, ijn takao, uss dace, uss darter, Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita
Leyte Gulf: The Greatest Naval Battle in the History of the World
USS Gambier Bay being attacked by Japanese Surface Forces battle
I will break into Leyte Gulf and fight to the last man…would it not be shameful to have the fleet remaining intact while our nation perishes?" Vice-Admiral Takeo Kurita – 1944
"In case opportunity for destruction of a major portion of the enemy fleet is offered, or can be created, such destruction becomes the primary task."
Admiral Chester Nimitz – In his order to Halsey, prior to the Battle of Leyte Gulf – October 1944
The Old Battleships of the 7th Fleet
Sixty-nine years ago the largest and most geographically expansive naval battle ever fought began. A few days before the forces of General Douglas MacArthur's Southwest Pacific command and Admiral Chester Nimitz's Central Pacific command joined to invade and liberate the Philippines from the Japanese. It was less than three years since Japan had attacked Pearl Harbor and two and a half years after MacArthur had left the Philippines vowing "I shall return."
The Japanese knew that the battle for the Philippines was a must win. An American victory would ensure that Japan would be cut off from the vital natural resources of Indo-China, the Dutch East Indies and Borneo, particularly oil, without which it could not remain in the war.
The Imperial Navy was tasked to work with land based air forces to thwart the invasion by drawing off the American Fast Carrier task forces and allowing heavy surface forces to seek out and destroy potentially vulnerable troop transports and supply ships in Leyte Gulf.
It was a complicated plan, but one which had a chance of disrupting the American invasion, and came perilously close to doing so.
Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa's Northern force of four aircraft carriers without viable air groups was a decoy. Vice Admiral Shoji Nishimura and Vice Admiral Kiyohide Shima commanded separate task forces both committed to breaking into Leyte Gulf through Surigo Strait. Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita who commanded the main effort, the powerful Center Force which was to break into Leyte Gulf through San Bernardino Strait. Vice Admiral Takijirō Ōnishi commanded the Philippines based 1st Air Fleet which turned to the use of Kamikazes as a means to destroy American warships.
Kamikaze attack
The US forces included the American Third Fleet commanded by Admiral William "Bull" Halsey was the primary naval force composed of the Fast Carrier Task Forces and fast battleships. Adusmiral Thomas Kinkaid commanded the 7th Fleet which was the invasion force and its escorts, including a number of carrier task forces built around the Escort Carriers and the old battleships of Jesse Oldendorf's Task Group. The latter included a number of the survivors of the Pearl Harbor attack including the USS West Virginia, USS California, USS Tennessee, USS Maryland and USS Pennsylvania. Oldendorf's flagship, the USS Mississippi was not at Pearl Harbor but likewise one of the "old ladies" of the fleet.
The battle was unique because of how long it went and how many separate engagements were included. Not counting patrol craft, submarines and auxiliaries close to 300 warships and nearly 2000 aircraft were engaged in 5 separate engagements waged by surface ships, naval air forces and submarines.
USS St Lo blows up after being hit by Kamikaze
The battles included an engagement in which American Submarines took on the Center Force, naval aircraft engaged the Center and Southern Forces, the old battleships fought the last battleship against battleship engagement in history, heavy surface forces engaged and were repulsed by light forces and a decoy force which would suffer terribly would keep the bulk of the best American forces out of the main battle. It would also see the first coordinated use of Kamikaze suicide attack aircraft by Japan.
USS West Virginia
Tonight I am linking a number of articles that I have written previously about this amazing battle. In the next few days I will add a couple new articles to the collection.
The Battle of Leyte Gulf: Sinking the Musashi
Slaughter at Surigao: The Old Ladies get their Revenge
For those unfamiliar with the battle that would like a deeper treatment than I provide in these links I recommend The Battle of Leyte Gulf 23-26 October 1944 by Thomas C Cutler, The Last Stand of the Tin Can Sailors: The Extraordinary World War II Story of the U.S. Navy's Finest Hour by James Hornfisher, Battle Of Leyte Gulf by Edwin P Hoyt, Leyte: June 1944-January 1945 (History of United States Naval Operations in World War II) by Samuel Elliott Morrison and Battle of Surigao Strait by Anthony P Tully. Hoyt and Morrison's books were the first that I ever read on the subject back when I was in Junior High School but for an overview I think Cutler's work is better. The other two works present interesting and informative views of two of the decisive engagements of the battle.
As I said in the next few days I plan on adding more articles on this fascinating battle. If things work out I should have something on the Battle off Samar, the Battle of Cape Engano and the Kamikaze debut.
Have a nice night and never forget the sacrifice of all of the brave sailors.
Tagged as admiral bill halsey, admiral chester nimitz, admiral jisaburo ozawa, admiral thomas kinkaid, battle of cape engano, battle of leyte gulf, battle of palwan passage, battle of surigao strait, battle off samar, douglas macarthur, edwin p hoyt, ijn musashi, ijn yamato, james hornfisher, philippines, samuel elliott morrison, san bernardino strait, Takeo Kurita, thomas cutler, uss california, uss maryland, uss mississippi, uss pennsylvania, USS Samuel B Roberts, uss st lo, uss tennessee, uss west virginia, vice admiral jesse oldendorff, vice admiral Kiyohide Shima, Vice Admiral Shoji Nishimura, Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita, Vice Admiral Takijirō Ōnishi
Takao Class Cruiser 1943
Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita
USS Dace
The attack of the two submarines was significant; the Japanese lost 3 powerful Heavy Cruisers and had to send two of their destroyers away to guard Takao. Likewise the loss of Kurita's experienced staff hindered his conduct of the battle on the 24th. The cruisers were a big loss, at 13,000 tons and armed with ten 8"guns they could steam at 35 knots.
Kurita's force would continue on into theSibuyan Seawhere they would be attacked again. But that is the subject of the next article.
Filed under Navy Ships, US Navy, world war two in the pacific
Tagged as admiral soemu toyoda, admiral william halsey, admiral william kinkaid, battle of cape engano, battle of leyte gulf, battle of palwan passage, battle of surigao strait, ijn atago, ijn fuso, ijn haruna, ijn hyuga, ijn ise, ijn kongo, ijn maya, ijn musashi, ijn nagato, ijn takao, ijn yamashiro, ijn yamato, ijn zuikaku, san bernardino strait, task force 34, task force 38, us 3rd fleet, us 7th fleet, uss california, uss dace, uss darter, uss maryland, uss mississippi, uss pennsylvania, uss tennessee, uss west virginia, vice admiral Kiyohide Shima, Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita, vice admiral willis lee, Vice Admirals Shoji Nishimura, Vice-Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa
"We've Got Some Difficult Days Ahead..." The Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at 50 Years


Embodying the lightness of summer and the freshness of spring or Farrah collar choker is the bohemian neckpiece to rule them all. Either dress up or wear casually, it makes a beautiful statement wherever she goes.
Farrah's lightweight alloy composition ensures you can wear her and a few friends all day. No need to layer this lady, shes ready to go!Fastened with "grade A" stainless steel lobster clip she will be sure to last the distance.


text:
package org.springframework.aop.framework;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.aop.support.DelegatingIntroductionInterceptor;
import org.springframework.tests.sample.beans.ITestBean;
import org.springframework.tests.sample.beans.TestBean;
import org.springframework.util.StopWatch;

/**
 * Benchmarks for introductions.
 *
 * NOTE: No assertions!
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @since 2.0
 */
public final class IntroductionBenchmarkTests {

	private static final int EXPECTED_COMPARE = 13;

	/** Increase this if you want meaningful results! */
	private static final int INVOCATIONS = 100000;

	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
	public static class SimpleCounterIntroduction extends DelegatingIntroductionInterceptor implements Counter {
		@Override
		public int getCount() {
			return EXPECTED_COMPARE;
		}
	}

	public static interface Counter {
		int getCount();
	}

	@Test
	public void timeManyInvocations() {
		StopWatch sw = new StopWatch();

		TestBean target = new TestBean();
		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory(target);
		pf.setProxyTargetClass(false);
		pf.addAdvice(new SimpleCounterIntroduction());
		ITestBean proxy = (ITestBean) pf.getProxy();

		Counter counter = (Counter) proxy;

		sw.start(INVOCATIONS + " invocations on proxy, not hitting introduction");
		for (int i = 0; i < INVOCATIONS; i++) {
			proxy.getAge();
		}
		sw.stop();

		sw.start(INVOCATIONS + " invocations on proxy, hitting introduction");
		for (int i = 0; i < INVOCATIONS; i++) {
			counter.getCount();
		}
		sw.stop();

		sw.start(INVOCATIONS + " invocations on target");
		for (int i = 0; i < INVOCATIONS; i++) {
			target.getAge();
		}
		sw.stop();

		System.out.println(sw.prettyPrint());
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Flat World Knowledge is a Nyack, NY based startup that is changing the textbook industry, and they have some exciting career opportunities.
Posted by Willy Franzen on November 10, 2009. Jobs updated daily.
Today's post comes with a big announcement. I'm writing a book! A textbook on Career Development to be precise. The best part of that news is that the textbook is going to be available online for free because I'm working with an awesome publisher named Flat World Knowledge. They're a Nyack, NY based startup that is aiming to revolutionize the textbook industry. I'm sure many have you have been forced into spending thousands of dollars over the course of your college career on textbooks (and how many of them remained in their shrink wrap?). Flat World Knowledge is building a business by providing you with better, more affordable options. Textbooks from Flat World can be read online for free. You can pay to print a chapter (or the whole book) at home. You can buy a softcover copy in black and white—or color. You can even get an audio book version. When my book comes out, you can read it however you want to read it—and you'll never be forced to pay an arm and a leg for it.
I'm sure that there has been plenty of outcry on your campus about how expensive textbooks are, and you've probably noticed that the mainstream media is starting to pick up on this story. Flat World is tackling this problem head on by making a bet that they can sell more textbooks at a lower price. It may seem crazy for a publisher to give away full textbooks for free, but Flat World knows that a lot of students can't bear to read an entire textbook online. Some students will want to pay for hard copies of the book, and that will leave enough profit for Flat World. They've raised $8 million in funding to get started, but hopefully a certain Career Development text will be so popular that they won't need to take on any more money in the future.
Now, I do have a vested interest in the success of Flat World Knowledge, but that's because I believe that they're doing something great for students. If you'd like to have a vested interest in Flat World, then you should check out their Jobs page. The positions that they have posted are for more experienced individuals, but Flat World does have this posted on their Jobs page: "If you are a product manager, salesperson, web marketing guru, or acquisitions editor who feels passionate about our business, send a resume and tell us a bit about yourself to jobs@flatworldknowledge.com." There's no guarantee that they'll have a position for you, but they're growing quickly… so you might just get the chance to work with me.