The Epic Classic Hi-Wither Luxury Dressage Saddlecloth is not just another Saddlecloth! Designed and manufactured to our own specifications and size chart. We know how hard it is to get a saddle to fit the wider horse, with this in mind we designed our saddlecloth to sit under the saddle without affecting the fit. Too thick a saddlecloth would make the saddle feel much tighter and uncomfortable to the horse.
Lining Fabric - 300D airflow (CIBA) High IQ® Cool Comfort, Keep Cool and Dry with High-tech Finish, allowing the saddlecloth to breathe whilst at the same time transporting moisture away from the body.


Looking to trade 69 z50 blue for a 1978 dt125 or a clean foustroke with ownership.
2017 Honda Africa Twin -DCT Like New!
Gorgeous bike with low kms. Screaming Eagle Package, 103 cubic inch, 6 speed. Comfort seat, quick release luggage rack, black denim paint.
Good condition, includes mounting hardware for 95 Shadow ACE. I'm sure this would fit other bikes with proper hardware.


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Hurricane Henri 2021: evacuations on US east coast as storm nears
Hurricane Henri
As the newly upgraded Hurricane Henri closed in on the northeastern United States, preparations for a storm grew more urgent Saturday.
The storm's latest track put it course to collide Sunday with a long stretch of coastline, with hurricane warnings extending from near the old whaling port of New Bedford, Massachusetts, across the luxurious oceanfront estates of New York's Hamptons, to the summer getaway of Fire Island.
Intense winds and potentially dangerous tidal surges were expected as far east as Cape Cod and as far west as the New Jersey shore, and utilities warned ensuing power outages could last a week or even more.
Henri was veering a bit further west than originally expected, and if that track holds, it would have eastern Long Island in its bullseye rather than New England, which hasn't taken a direct hit from a hurricane since the deadly Hurricane Bob in 1991.
New York hasn't had a direct hit from a powerful cyclone since Superstorm Sandy wreaked havoc in 2012. Some of the most important repairs from that storm have been completed, but many projects designed to protect against future storms remain unfinished.
Residents and visitors on Fire Island, a narrow strip of sandy villages barely above sea level off Long Island's southern coast, were urged to evacuate. The last boats out will leave at 10:40 pm Saturday; after that, officials said, there may be no way out for people who decide to ride out the storm.
"If they do not leave the island today, they will be stuck on the island and we do not know what kind of conditions they may be facing. But they could be difficult. They could be dangerous," said Suffolk County Executive Steve Bellone.
Gov. Andrew Cuomo pleaded with New York residents to make last-minute preparations, warning that heavy rain, winds and storm surges from Henri could be as devastating as Superstorm Sandy in some parts of the state.
"We have short notice. We're talking about tomorrow," Cuomo said. "So if you have to move, if you have to stock up, if you have to get to higher ground, it has to be today. Please."
Service on some eastern branches of the Long Island Rail Road, a major commuter rail system, will be suspended at midnight, said Mr Cuomo
The governor, who will leave office in two days following a sexual harassment scandal, warned that heavy rains were expected to create problems far up into the Hudson River Valley.
With a top wind speed of 75 mph (120 kph) Saturday, Henri sped up to move north-northeast at 17 mph (27 kph) as of Saturday afternoon. It's still about 395 miles (635 kilometres) south of Montauk Point on New York's Long Island.
Southampton Town Supervisor Jay Schneiderman said the town was considering issuing a voluntary evacuation advisory for about 6,000 people. He said current storm models show that the storm's center would run "smack on the town of Southampton." He described a run on supplies like batteries and flashlights as people "are starting to wake up."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It's not what your free state can do for you, it's what you can do for your free state!
showing the free men and free women that they are the true fourth branch of government. Our goal and intention is to give the power back to the free men and free women and their children, with dignity, honor, nonviolence, and respect. We need YOU to understand the difference between a Republic and a Democracy, AND a free state with lawful Grand Juries in ALL counties in our great free state.
It is real simple. Just READ The Wisconsin free state Covenant and the governance document. The Acceptance Paper can be found here.
There will be no addresses taken, just a name, an email, phone number, and the county you live in.
We won't put you in jeopardy by forcing thumbprints or monetizing your name.
You are not bound to anything and if you want to leave, just tell us.
If you have questions on any of this information please put it in the form below.


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Sacred birds of ancient Egypt
20 June, 2022 20 June, 2022 admin_todaypressworld24Leave a Comment on Sacred birds of ancient Egypt
In their pantheon, the A̳n̳c̳i̳e̳n̳t̳ Egyptians reserved a privileged place for birds of prey, especially the falcon, but also the kite, whose sounds were considered the laments of the goddesses Isis and Nephthys.
Carrion birds, such as the vulture, and migratory birds, such as the ibis, were also included.
The vulture goddess Nekhbet
With her wings outstretched, the vulture goddess considered herself the protector of Upper Egyptian royalty.
Pectoral from tomb KV55 (belonging to Akhenaten) from the Valley of the Kings. This piece is in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
Sacred goose
This figurine represents a goose, an animal consecrated to the god Amun. This piece is in the Louvre Museum, Paris.
The wise god Thoth
This lunar god, originally from Hermopolis, was represented with the head of an ibis or in the shape of a baboon. The one in the image is found in the tomb of Amenherkhepeshef, son of Ramses III.
Son of Horus
The four sons of Horus guarded the mummified viscera of the deceased. One of them, Qebehsenuef, with the head of a hawk, was protecting the intestines.
This piece is in the Louvre Museum, Paris.
Thoth's ibis
The ibis, an animal associated with Thoth, personified the solar god Ra's mental power, wisdom, science and letters. The one in the picture is from the Ptolemaic period.
This piece is in the Metropolitan Museum, New York.
A mummified falcon. about 4 thousands years ago in A̳n̳c̳i̳e̳n̳t̳ Egypt.
UFO Creates Wormhole In Sky Over Salem, Wisconsin, USA June 19, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
The Mystery Behind a 40-Year-Old Signal From Outer Space May Finally Be Solved
𝟷𝟶 ᴛʜɪɴɢs ʏᴏᴜ sʜᴏᴜʟᴅ ᴋɴᴏᴡ ᴀʙᴏᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀɴɪᴀᴋᴇᴀ sᴜᴘᴇʀᴄʟᴜsᴛᴇʀ
31 July, 2021 admin_todaypressworld24
Strange UFO filmed over Hadera, Israel
Former CIA official says aliens live under the moon's surface


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A little good news for the Yankees as J.A. Happ should be able to rejoin the rotation and start on Thursday
By Kristie Ackert
There is light at the end of a dark tunnel for the Yankees.
J.A. Happ is hopeful that he will make his next start, Yankees manager Aaron Boone told reporters at Fenway Park Saturday. The veteran left-hander contracted hand, foot and mouth disease shortly after joining the Yanks and was placed on the disabled list on Thursday, missing his scheduled start on Saturday.
Boone said Happ's symptoms were subsiding and he was hopeful that Happ would rejoin the rotation and start on Thursday.
But that may not be soon enough to keep the Yankees hopes of winning the American League East from sinking.
J.A. Happ can smile as it looks the worst is over from his hand, foot and mouth illness and he should be ready pitch on Thursday. (Rich Schultz / AP)
After being beaten in two straight games by the Red Sox and taking a season-high-tying three-game losing streak into Saturday's game at Fenway, the Yankees need some hope. They had dropped 7.5 games behind the Red Sox in the race for the division and were 18-18 in their last 36 games.
[More Yankees] Yankees agree to deal with top international shortstop prospect Roderick Arias: report »
With Happ dealing with the blistering on his hands that comes with the coxsackie virus, the Yankees had to turn to Chance Adams, a rookie making his major league debut, on the mound Saturday. They were asking him to beat a dangerously powerful Red Sox lineup and stop the bleeding, something their ace Luis Severino could not do Friday night.
So the update on Happ is the Yankees' first good news in awhile.
Happ was diagnosed with the virus after making his Yankee debut on Sunday. The Yankees had sent infielder Brandon Drury and minor league outfielder Billy McKinney to the Blue Jays for Happ with this weekend and the second-half chase of the Red Sox particularly in mind.
Happ is 7-4 with a career 2.98 ERA against the Red Sox. He has a 2.91 ERA and .233 batting average against in nine starts at Fenway.
The Yankees had looked at the trade deadline as a way to rebuild themselves in an effort to beat out the Red Sox for the division. For these two teams, who are both on pace to win more than 100 games, it's a desperate race to try and avoid the one-game Wild Card. The winner of that one-game elimination game is likely to face the winner of the AL East.
Despite preparing for this race at the trade deadline by adding Happ, closer Zach Britton and Lance Lynn, who can be a spot starter and a multiple-inning guy in the bullpen, the Yankees had to dip deep into their depth of pitching this weekend.
It wasn't just Happ coming down with the virus, a fluke ailment that also struck the Mets' Noah Syndergaard this season, that has stretched the Yankees arms to the limit. Luis Severino, who was perhaps one of the best pitchers in baseball, has struggled in his last five starts, though he settled in after a rough first inning on Friday to give the Yankees six innings.
That was much needed after back-to-back short outings from Sonny Gray and CC Sabathia forced Boone to burn his bullpen. He had to use Lynn for over four innings to back up Gray on Thursday and then Luis Cessa, called up from Triple-A as the first back-up plan for Saturday's start, needed to be burned when Sabathia struggled Thursday. And while the Yankees bulked up their major league corps of arms at the deadline, they also spent some.
Before the deadline, when they acquired Happ, closer Britton and Lynn, the Yankees traded away pitchers Adam Warren, Chasen Shreve, Caleb Frare and Giovanny Gallegos. Just looking for some insurance in their bullpen, the Yankees acquired right-hander George Kontos from Cleveland for cash considerations on Saturday.
Kontos had been demoted to Triple-A on July 9. The Indians had picked him up after the Pirates' released him in May. He was originally drafted by the Yankees and made his major league debut in pinstripes in 2011. He was dealt to the Giants for catcher Chris Stewart in 2012.
Kontos will report to Triple-A Scranton, but at the rate the Yankees are going through arms, he could be seen in the big leagues at some point.
J.A. Happ
Diseases and Illnesses
George Kontos
Zach Britton
C.C. Sabathia
Sonny Gray
Chris Stewart (baseball)
Billy McKinney


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الرئيسية > News > Gulf > Saudi Arabia Deposits $60 Million to Back Palestinian Budget
Cairo - Asharq Al-Awsat
"Gulf"
Saudi Arabia Deposits $60 Million to Back Palestinian Budget
الاثنين - 3 شهر ربيع الأول 1440 هـ - 12 نوفمبر 2018 مـ
A Palestinian woman holds her national flag during a protest along the border with the Gaza Strip. (AFP)
Saudi Arabia's Saudi Fund for Development transferred on Sunday $60 million to the Palestinian budget.
The figure represents the Kingdom's monthly contribution to support the Palestinian Authority for August, September and October, at $20 million per month.
Saudi Arabia's permanent ambassador at the Arab League headquarters in Egypt Usama Naqli said that the Kingdom will constantly support the Palestinian cause on the political, economic and humanitarian levels.


Recently, President Obama visited the Washington Auto Show and it just so happened that he had his picture taken while in a Ford Mustang Shelby GT500. This photo screams ironic considering that Ford was the only of the big three to not take money from the highly controversial auto bailout.
So, the floor is now yours! Give us a fitting caption.


Designing for Specialty Printing Techniques | Pengad Indy Inc.
Designing for specialty printing techniques.
Specialty printing techniques can make your brilliant design work even more impactful. These techniques can be powerful tools for designers but each technique offers it's own challenges that must be considered during the design process. While these techniques may increase the cost of your piece, using any these techniques properly can add that unique element your piece needs to prompt consumers to not only pick it up but hold on to it longer.
Think of die cutting as using a sharpened cookie cutter to cut your piece into a specific shape or to cut a shape into your piece. You can achieve many interesting effects by adding a unique shape to your design. Maybe your logo lends itself to this process or you can let an element on the second page shine through the cover of a booklet.
This is the same method used to make boxes, the flat box is cut out of a sheet, scoring the folds or adding perforation simultaneously. It is then easy to fold by either machine or by hand.
• Keep all your content at least 1/8" away from the die cut edge, this helps minimize the chance that your content is clipped.
• If you're working with a tight budget, ask your print vendor what dies they have in stock that may fit your needs. Custom dies can get expensive.
• Prototype. Get out the scissors and craft glue. Cut out your design. If it's a box or something that requires gluing, fully assemble it. Make sure the design works. Then take it apart and lay the paper flat, now you know how it needs to look on the screen and what direction to orient the content.
When your prototyping, flip your craft knife over so the cutting side is up or use open scissors. With light pressure drag the blade along any required fold lines. This creates a light score that will give you crisp, exact folds on your prototype. Be careful not to push too hard or you'll cut right through the page.
• Make it unique. If you're going to pay for a custom die, why not get the most out of it you can? Don't be afraid to do something you've never seen before.
Hot stamping is a method of applying a foil to paper using a heated metal stamp. Foils come in a variety of colors and patterns including metallic, bold and solid pastel colors, holographic, clear, natural textures (wood, marble etc.) and more. Hot stamping is used commonly on business cards, folders and custom binders but can be used on any piece to emphasize any element. Hot stamp your logo, tagline or an important statistic. Use hot stamping to emphasize natural textures or metallic elements.
• It can be difficult to achieve and maintain tight registration when hot stamping. If your design requires a tight registration, consult your print vendor on their recommended best practices to ensure the highest quality.
• Remember, whatever you stamp will pop off the page, make sure it is an important element you want your customers to see first.
• Remember, the foil is literally applied with a hot stamp, there may be a slight indentation. This can cause a slight embossing effect on the other side of the piece.
• In your design, represent the hot stamped element by a unique spot color and set it to overprint in your design software. This will allow the pre-press department to easily separate the hot-stamped element from the design when plating (you don't need a printing plate for hot stamping) while still providing a reference for where the final hot stamp needs to be.
• Provide a full-size one color graphic of the element to be hot stamped. Vectori-based graphics are usually easiest to work with and translate to a high quality stamp.
Embossing is a method of creating a three dimensional design in paper or other material by applying heat and using a both a male and female die. Embossing is a great way to add both new visual and tactile dimensions to your piece. Make your logo pop or emphasize an illustration or product. Embossing can be used as a security measure for formal documents, such as applied by notary publics.
Most papers can be embossed however, some papers work especially well, work with your printing company to find the best match.
- Glossy or coated paper generally does not emboss well. The combination of heat and pressure used to create the embossed image can crack the coating. Paper can stretch but the coatings used can not, causing the cracking.
- Coated and lightweight paper can become brittle when embossed.
- The best paper to use for embossing is uncoated, heavier weight stock. Felt finishes also help accentuate the depth and detail in the embossed image.
- Set all copy larger than 12 point.
- Make all lines at least 2 points.
- Thin serifs do not emboss well.
- Keep any embossed images at least 1/2" away from the edge of the paper. Embossing an image too close to the edge can cause the edge to wrinkle.
Coatings are applied to protect printed materials from exposure to moisture and extreme temperatures, scuffs and scratches and frequent handling. Coatings can improve the appearance of a printed piece and are available in a range of sheen from ultra-glossy to ultra-matte. The appearance of the printed piece can be dramatically altered according to how coatings are specified.
Varnishes are petroleum-based sealants that can be applied in-line or via a second pass through the press. Gloss varnishes will deepen colors while a matte varnish has a more neutral effect. A varnish can be applied either as a flood or spot coating. A spot application can be used to add a unique visual element to the piece by creating a more striking contrast between design elements. You can even use a combination of varnishes with different sheen can be applied to provide dramatic, yet subtle, visual effects.
As the most flexible of print coatings, varnishes can be applied to any stock, coated or uncoated, including text weight stock. When applied over an uncoated stock, varnishes provide rub protection with minimal visual effect.
Aqueous coatings are water-based and can be applied in-line or by a special coater. Aqueous coatings can be more environmentally friendly than UV coatings because they are water based. Compared to varnishes, aqueous coatings stand out a little more as it does not seep into the press sheet. Aqueous coatings provide good protection against dirt, smudges, fingerprints and scratching and can increase your piece's durability.
Ultra-violet coatings are the most high gloss coatings available. UV coatings are made from Unsaturated polyesters or polyacrylates, or a combination of the two that, when exposed to ultraviolet light, dry instantly. UV coatings offer excellent rub protection and can be applied in-line or offline via a silk screen process. Because it is cured with UV light, drying is almost instantaneous and can be more environmentally friendly because no solvents enter the atmosphere. However, UV coated pieces can be more difficult to recycle.
Laminates come in two forms: film and liquid. Both available in gloss or matte finish, the difference is in application style. As the name suggests, film laminate is laid down over the sheet while liquid laminate is applied like a varnish. Laminates will provide the most durable protection against water, making it the best option for menus, books or anything else that may be exposed to moisture, including perspiration from holding.
• Dried inks readily show fingerprints and scuffing, especially in large areas of dark color coverage.
• Press coatings cost less than bindery coatings since bindery coatings are applied over dry ink at slow speeds.
• Varnish is the least effective way to prevent scuffing. UV and laminate coatings are far better protections against scuffing and scratching, especially if your publications are multiply shrink-wrapped prior to shipping.
• You cannot print, glue, or foil stamp over coatings. If you want to implement some of these other techniques, leave the effected area uncoated. Becasue of these limitations coatings are applied as late ibn the production process as possible.
• If you varnish over an uncoated stock, the varnish will seep into the paper and be less visible than if applied to a coated stock.
• Spot coatings can provide interesting visual and tactile effects to your piece.
• If you are only laminating one side of your piece, consider specifying lay-flat laminate. The interior of this film has many "V"-shaped cuts in the plastic. This will minimize curl when moisture seeps into the uncoated side of the piece.
• Designing for a spot coating is quite simple, just follow these steps.
- Choose a Pantone color value to represent your coating on the screen. Make sure this color is not used anywhere else in the design so the pre-press department can easily differentiate the coating from the printed parts of your piece.
- Apply this spot color over the areas you want the coating.
- Make sure any shape representing a spot coating is set to overprint.
- Tell your commercial printer's pre-press department what color value you chose and what it represents, communication is key. Providing a written description along with the image can be helpful. It doesn't have to be overly detailed, for example, "Spot coating should be applied to the spray bottle pictured in the bottom right corner. The varnish is represented by PMS 7535 C."
Specialty papers can be used to complement the design of your piece and drastically enhance the consumer's tactile experience with the product. Some stock requires no consideration when designing while others can require extensive mental gymnastics if you're not familiar with its requirements. If you are not sure how to choose your paper stock, read Selecting the Right Stock. Once you've chosen your stock, here are some things to consider when creating your design.
- This class of stock has a metallic film adhered to one side that shines through your design depending on the amount and type of ink used.
- If there are any areas you don't want the metallic effect to be visible, a layer of opaque white ink can be applied before printing to knock-out the effect. Simply specify the elements and we'll handle the rest.
- Metallic papers can be tricky to fold and do not emboss well. The metallic film is not always as flexible as the paper it is adhered to, over stressing the material with embossing or excessive folding can cause the film to tear.
- Uncoated stock can be used to promote a kinder and gentler image than provided by the bright, shiny feel of a coated stock.
- Uncoated stock can increase dot gain in half tone and screened areas. If you foresee this being a problem, design with photographs and illustrations that have high contrast.
- Avoid using varnishes to highlight designs on uncoated stock. Uncoated stock will absorb the varnish, providing a different effect. Varnishes can still be used to seal the entire sheet.
- High quality color management systems take the uncertainty out of printing on uncoated stock.
- High-gloss coated sheets are ideal for printing photographs but not for large amounts of text.
- A satin coated sheet provides a level of gloss between matte and gloss and dull is between satin and matte.
- It is important to remember that terms like, high-gloss, satin, dull and matte are manufacturer dependent. To ensure you're getting the finish you want, ask to see a sample book.
- Different ink, coating and stock combinations sometimes react differently. Talk to your print vendor about your desired final product. Describe it in detail and provide samples if available.
- Avoid thin and light type of transparent plastics. Small, light, type might look good printed on an opaque stock but it becomes much more difficult to read printed on a transparent stock. If you have to print a light color, have a layer of opaque white printed behind it to increase readability.
Simulating the colors in a continuous tone color image by printing with process colors: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black.


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Bally's extends deal with Rhode Island
The third highest source of revenue for the US state of Rhode Island is preserved through the passage of a piece of legislation.
The state has extended an agreement with Bally's Corporation and IGT known as the Marc A Crisafulli Economic Development Act. It establishes a two-year joint venture creating a video lottery terminal business between the two gambling machine companies.
They supply the LVTs to the state's Bally's Twin River Casino Hotel and Tiverton Casino Hotel. Starting July 1, Bally's will own and lease 23 per cent of gaming floor machines to the state's Division of Lotteries in exchange for seven per cent of the net income. That ownership stake will increase to 40 per cent from January 1, 2023.
The legislation also provides for a $250m economic development plan under which Bally's will invest in its Rhode Island properties. It will ensure job creation with 30 new senior management positions, expand the Twin River venue by 50,000sq.ft and keep its corporate HQ in Providence until 2043 at least.
News from: https://www.intergameonline.com/casino/news/bally-s-extends-deal-with-rhode-island
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Facebook's Got A Finger in India's Political Pie
BY Jessica McKenzie | Wednesday, March 5 2014
Screenshot of Facebook's election tracker
Facebook is an increasingly active political force in India. The company launched their Indian election tracker Tuesday to coincide with the first Facebook Talks Live digital broadcast, "Town Hall" style conversations in which 2014 candidates field questions submitted by Facebook users. These projects build on the get-out-the-vote collaboration between the Times of India and Facebook, which was announced in September.
"We have always been focused on making sure that we give people the power to share, and to make the world more open and connected," said Ankhi Das, Facebook's Public Policy Director in India and South Asia. "This and the opportunity to engage actively and regularly with constituents have led campaign teams and leaders to use the medium, making Facebook a core part of the political infrastructure in the country."
The India Election Tracker has links to the Facebook Talks Live events, a poll asking voters "Which of the following issues (educations, jobs, healthcare, and corruption) matters most to you this election season?" and a graph of Facebook mentions of 2014 candidates. Currently, the Indian People's Party (BJP) leads by a wide margin.
According to the company, there are more than 93 million active Facebook users in India. There are 814 million registered voters in the country. The Hindustani Times reported that social media ballot battles could influence three to four percent of votes, according to two surveys.
Of the more than 800 million registered voters in India, nearly 90,000 are young voters—between 18 and 22—eligible to vote for the first time.
Facebook is not alone in angling to be a "core part of the political infrastructure"—at the end of 2013 Google launched an online portal for all things related to the assembly elections (a forerunner to the national elections to be held this spring).
Personal Democracy Media is grateful to the Omidyar Network and the UN Foundation for their generous support of techPresident's WeGov section.
For a round-up of our weekly stories, subscribe to the WeGov mailing list.


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The Mental Resilience of Suzy Favor Hamilton - From Olympian To Escort To Mental Health Advocate
Note From Jay
Suzy's story has been all over the media again this fall with the release of her best seller Fast Girl. From ABC's 20/20 to Dr. Phil, her story is great for ratings and full of opportunities for interviewers to create 'Got Ya' moments. Her story is that of the 'girl next door' turned Olympian, turned prostitute.
The real story is not about her days as a high priced escort. The real story is about a woman who did all the right things until her mental illness sent her on another path that became a nightmare.
I am fortunate that due to my platform on ConquerWorry.org, I have been able to interview or connect with many high-profile people who struggle with their mental health. Suzy takes mental health advocacy to a new level as it would have been easier for her to just slide into history as a footnote and an interesting headline grabbing story. Instead, she lays all of her cards on the table with the goal of trying to help others who are struggling with their mental health. This is a story of mental resilience.
Suzy's Athletic Acomplishments
At the University of Wisconsin she won 9 NCAA championships
She won a silver medal in the 1989 World University Games.
She is the most decorated female athlete in NCAA track and field history
She won four USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships[9]
She won three USA Indoor Track and Field Championships[10]
Suzy competed in the Summer Olympics in 1992, 1996 and 2000
You can buy a copy of Suzy's book 'Fast Girl' through our affiliate link to the right or at any major book seller.
Nick Stokes link
Wow, she has been through a lot! Its really nice that she found her way around it.


Do you like to put peanut butter on your pancakes, or waffles? WHAT?!?! You have NEVER tried that? Oh my gosh! You are seriously missing out! I am not one to usually mix my food like that, and honestly I thought it would be the most DISGUSTING thing in the world when I first heard about it. Seriously. I did!
It is like THE BEST flavor combo.......EVER!
You have the warm pancake mixed with the warm melted peanut butter, topped with warm maple (or fake maple) syrup. Oh! SO GOOD!
I decided last week to take this to an entirely different level and COMBINE the syrup and peanut butter! *GASP* The result was out of this world!
In a microwave safe bowl (I used a glass jar), combine all of your ingredients.
Give the mixture a good stir then microwave for 30 seconds.
Stir and microwave for an additional 30 seconds.
Stir once more and you should be done. If you feel the mixture is still a bit thick, microwave once more for about 15-20 seconds.
You want the mixture to be a little thicker than syrup consistency but, not as thick as peanut butter.
Store in an airtight container (again, I used a glass jar). As long as the products you use do not require you to refrigerate after opening, this will be fine stored in your pantry. If you are using real maple syrup, please store in your fridge. Stir and heat before each use.


In a study published online on Feb. 25 in the journal Molecular Microbiology, researchers at the Institute for Systems Biology report the discovery of a novel mechanism by which organisms adapt efficiently to a rapidly changing environment.
All organisms are often challenged by unpredictable events such as a human skin cell experiencing sudden exposure to UV rays, or a microbe in a lake encountering changes in water chemistry and temperature during a rainstorm. In each of these circumstances, the ability to elicit an immediate response – turning "on" or "off" genes – is often a matter of life or death.
When a gene needs to be turned on, its information has to be transcribed from DNA into a molecular copy called RNA, which is used to manufacture a protein that carries out a very specific function in the cell. Conversely, in addition to blocking these steps, turning a gene off requires destruction of the RNA and protein made from that gene. Every step in converting genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein and their degradation is tightly regulated. Some regulatory actions occur quickly, while others are much slower.
Researchers at ISB have discovered a novel mechanism that acts as a "switch" to rapidly turn off genes. At the crux of this switch is an enzyme called an RNase that is made together with other functions that are necessary to adapt to a new environment. Interestingly, this RNase specifically degrades RNA molecules from genes, whose functions are unnecessary, and in fact detrimental in the new environment. Without such a mechanism, an organism would waste energy by performing unnecessary tasks and become ill-equipped to compete in a crowded dog-eat-dog environment.
The authors used a systems approach to discover the new mechanism in Halobacterium salinarum, a microbe in the Great Salt Lake that requires this fast-acting strategy for adaptation to sudden changes in salinity. Insights into how this organism has adapted to live in extremely salty solutions might hold the key to agriculture and biotechnology in non-arable saline environments.


This chapter provides an overview of the philosophy of Stoicism and its influence in the military. The experience of James B. Stockdale is an extreme application of Stoicism. Stockdale, a senior Navy pilot shot down over Vietnam, became a prisoner of war during the Vietnam War. He credits Epictetus as the key to his survival for seven-and-a-half years of his life in military prison. For Stockdale, prison can offer an extreme experiment in Stoicism. It was there that even the most brute external forces—such as repeated, severe torture—still demanded something of the will and mind, something that could be parlayed into the Stoic category "what belongs to oneself" and "what is within one's power." On his telling, it was his Epictetan Stoicism that enabled him to regain his dignity if and when he broke in torture.


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Home Tag "Donald Trump"
Boris Johnson denied playing a role in the departure of Britain's ambassador to Washington, who quit after coming under attack from President Donald Trump.
Trump Ditches Bid For Citizenship Question On 2020 Census
President Donald Trump dropped his bid to add a citizenship question on the census – a "complete defeat" for Trump, immigration advocates claimed.
Biden Promises To End 'Forever Wars' As President
Joe Biden promised to end "forever wars" and reassert American leadership to combat authoritarianism and global instability, which he says are proliferating under President Donald Trump.
UK Ambassador To US Quits Days After Leaked Cables On Trump
Britain's ambassador to the U.S. resigned Wednesday, days after diplomatic cables criticizing President Trump caused embarrassment to the U.K. and the U.S.
Trump Lashes Out At Britain's Ambassador For A Second Day
July 9, 2019 In Homeland Security Staff
Donald Trump lashed out for a second day at Britain's ambassador to the United States on Tuesday, describing him as "wacky" and a "pompous fool."
The Latest: China Blames US For Iran Crisis
China expressed regret over Iran's breaching of the 2015 nuclear deal and blamed the U.S., saying Trump's withdrawal from the deal is behind the crisis.
UK Ambassador Called Trump Administration 'Clumsy And Inept'
Britain's ambassador to the U.S. described the Trump administration as "diplomatically clumsy and inept" and said he doubted it would become "normal."
July 3, 2019 William Tucker
With his tweets, President Trump doesn't suggest outright that he wishes to scale back U.S. naval dominance, but he must articulate his strategy fully.
Rouhani: Iran Will Enrich Uranium To 'Any Amount We Want'
Iran warned European partners in its faltering nuclear deal on Wednesday that Tehran will increase its enrichment of uranium to "any amount that we want."
Trump's Tough Talk On Iran Prompts Senate Vote On War Powers
The White House's tough talk against Iran is reviving questions about President Trump's ability to order military strikes without approval from Congress.
Homeland Security Courses — Learn the Skills You Need from AMU


Since when is little league baseball practice a military boot camp? I don't remember any army-style chants in my little league experience.
Aren't these kids a little too old to be hitting baseballs off of tees?
In one of the shots (in fact, it's the poster frame for the video), the players are running the wrong way around the bases. I know this is a training drill, but shouldn't one of their top priorities be teaching these kids the basic fundamentals of baseball?
I'm pretty sure eating a big sugary bowl of Frosted Flakes is frowned upon by most baseball coaches, especially AT A TEAM MEAL!
How many more problems can you spot?


In 2015, Diverse Shopfitters were contracted for the manufacture and installation of joinery components over 17 floors of WA's Supreme Courts at the new David Malcolm Justice Center.
Working with head contractor Broad Construction, the project consisted of more than 300 individual joinery components ranging from judges benches and law library units through to cladding panels, storage units and smaller freestanding cabinets. Our processes and methodology refined over decades in retail shopfitting proved to scale well, with the project delivered on time and on budget. Additionally, Diverse's work practices and professionalism saw us receive Broad Construction's Quality Recognition Award.
The project was completed in May 2016.


Looking for a short trek that gets you high enough into the Himalaya? This is the one.
Dhaulagiri Round is a tough trek around 3 weeks. Starting from Pokhara - a verdant valley amidst cultivated fields, and passes through the rhododendron and alpine forests and meadows with high passes, hot spring, waterfall, and plenty of stunning scenery. This trek avoids the main trail and therefore is quite strenuous and demanding. The massive peak of Dhaulagiri (8167m) is very attractive. It is one of the eight highest peaks in the world.
Between the procession of high peaks. Dhaulagiri (8,167m) is the seventh highest peak in the world. It's a long difficult trek around Dhaulagiri - following Marsyangdi Khola westwards to Darbang then turning north on a tiny trail leading through forests into the high country. Much of the route covers snow and glacier as it crosses French Col. (5,240m) and Dhampus pass (5,155m). Starting from Beni to the Kali Gandaki valley, the trek crosses high passes and rivers of Kali Gandaki and Bheri stands Dhaulagiri Himal, a massive ridge with a continues to Marpha and by passing the best panorama view of Annapurna and other many more mountains to Birethanti.
This mountain range is has 14 peaks rising over 7000m in height, including Mount Dhauligiri, the sixth highest mountain in the world, at 8167m. It is, undoubtedly, a memorable place for adventure seekers all over the world. The incredible views of Ice Falls and Glaciers make this trip worthy enough for those who have only dreamt of such an adventure. There are a few routes to choose from, each offering spectacular views of the majestic Himalayan landscape. Experienced trekkers with basic mountaineering skills will enjoy this region.


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Pakistan Defence & Military Forums
Old/New Articles and News item about PAF
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ghazi52
PDF THINK TANK: ANALYST
Military might alone can't win a war
In the modern warfare, media and social networking have gained a strategic position. Through these networks, the enemy mind can be controlled. Soft power has made it easier to reach out to a larger audience.
By Amna Ejaz Rafi
In the evolving political theatre, where economic integration, regional connectivity and trans-regionalism are fast emerging as global trends, the phenomenon of war has also expanded to multifarious domains. The battle ground is no more confined to mountain ranges or deserts alone. Similarly, the conventional strength is not the only criteria determining a country's military prowess.
The security capabilities have moved beyond the physical domain. The armed forces do not rely (entirely) on the physical manoeuvring, rather the technologically empowered war tools are the high data speed processing, robotics, quantum computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cyber space activities. The escalating impact of a cyber-attack can be devastating, it can cause an industrial collapse and can also paralyse the state machinery. These developments are an outcome of the technological advancements.
In the modern warfare, media and social networking sites have gained a strategic position. Through these networks, the enemy mind can be controlled. Soft power has made it easier to reach out to a larger audience. Technological access is another area which has equipped the countries and the disgruntled elements to further their vested / nefarious agendas. Often, the deprivation in people, based on their ethnic, religious or economic lines, is targeted to provoke resentment. This disturbs internal peace and at times becomes detrimental to a country's economic growth. Such enemy tactics do not require physical presence of troops. It is the technological prowess which enables the actor to reach out to the audience of target country. The economic damage which it causes is no less to a physical attack led by troops. In extreme cases, the societal resilience is broken and people start perceiving themselves as downtrodden.
Seeing the dynamics of war in the past, there have been instances where the strategic manoeuvring has led to victory. For instance, Germany's series of attacks on Spain (1936), Poland (1939), Belgium, the Netherlands and France (1940) involved a 'mobile strategy'. Tanks and aircrafts targeted the enemy lines. The war strategy was coined as 'Blitzkrieg,' a lightning attack. In all the encounters, Germany was the defeater. The focus of the lightning attack was on 'quick fight' and short duration of war. Due to this strategic foresight, the German economy did not suffer.
These military encounters proved that the strength of economic stability is not only essential in waging a war but also in winning it. While comparing the past warfare strategy with the digital warfare tactics, a lot has changed owing to the technological prowess. However, the basic idea behind the act of war is the same i.e. 'a knockout blow'. Germany, by employing the Blitzkrieg tactics, caught the enemy states by surprise. The enemy states were simultaneously faced with ground and aerial fronts.
Applying the same principle in today's era of globalisation and digitisation, states are competing on multiple fronts. New battle fields are open; overt and covert operations are launched to outmanoeuvre the opponent. Psychological impairment as a whole is done through documentaries, dramas and movies whereas specific societal groups are targeted through subversion and other covert means. All this is being done in an organised manner and the play field is a vacuum in the target country created by its weaknesses and unjust practices. This inner weakness is exploited by outside forces to widen the rift within society.
Due to the internal disharmony, the state is not in a position to fight back the adversarial interference from outside. In such a situation, the target country is defeated without a physical attack. Another tactic is to target the enemy's fragile economic condition. With a weak economy, the country would face political isolation which, in turn, would sow internal discord. In such a scenario, the enemy is disarmed through political isolation and economic sanctions. To counter adversarial tendencies, military preparedness alone is not sufficient; economic strength and diplomatic positioning are equally important. The absence of any of this will weaken a country's defence and political standing.
Amna Ejaz Rafi is research associate at the Islamabad Policy Research Institute.
Top Fighter Defending Islamabad: First Look at the J-10C in Pakistani Colours
February-15th-2022
Pakistani Air Force J-10C Fighter
Following confirmation in December 2021 that Pakistan had become the first foreign client for China's J-10C '4++ generation' fighter, the first images of the aircraft in Pakistani colours emerged on February 15.
In December Pakistan's Interior Minister Sheikh Rasheed stated that the a full J-10C squadron would be in service in time to participate in the country's March 23rd Parade, following months of unconfirmed reports that Pakistan had purchased the fighters. Although the J-10C is a lightweight aircraft, it is still considerably heavier than Pakistan's other fighter on order the JF-17 Block 3. Acquired in much greater numbers, the new JF-17 variant has similarly advanced avionics and weaponry to the J-10C but uses a much smaller air frame and weaker engine - meaning it has much lower operational costs and maintenance requirements but is also overall less capable in combat.
The Pakistani Air Force has notably had experience operating alongside the J-10C during joint exercises with the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force, which in the past deployed the fighters to Pakistani territory. The fighter is the lightest of three currently being acquired to modernise the Chinese fleet, alongside the heavyweight J-16 and the much heavier fifth generation J-20. There is little dispute that the J-10C will be the most capable fighter in Pakistani service by a considerable margin, and is capable of challenging the most capable fighters in the Indian Air Force including the lightweight Rafale and even the heavyweight Su-30MKI in air to air engagements. As it will enter service before the JF-17 Block 3, it represents Pakistan's first fighter with AESA radars providing considerably superior reliability, electronic warfare capabilities and situational awareness than any other Pakistani-operated fighter.
The J-10C is expected to see its first deployments near the country's borders with neighbouring India, the fighter units of which have retained a strong advantage over Pakistan for decades with the deployment of MiG-29 medium weight fighters from 1985 and later Su-30MKI heavyweights from 2002. The J-10C, and potentially moreso the JF-17 Block 3 due to its greater numbers, will do much to bridge the performance gap particularly as India has not moved ahead with plans to modernise its Su-30 fleet to the latest '4++ generation' standard with new missiles, avionics and sensors. The J-10C's most notable feature aside from its sensors is its integration of the PL-15 air to air missile, which has a very long range of 200-300km and its own AESA radar for guidance. It also integrates the complementary short ranged PL-10 which can engage targets at very extreme angles. Both are contenders for the top missiles of their kind in the world, and are also used by the JF-17 Block 3 and by China's fifth generation stealth fighter the J-20.
J-10C with PL-15 and PL-10 Missiles
Pakistan's previous top air to air missiles the American AIM-120C purchased for its F-16 fighters in the mid 2000s, and the PL-12 used by older JF-17 variants, had ranges of only around 100km. The Indian Air Force relies on Astra and R-77 missiles with similar ranges, although its new Meteor missiles acquired in small numbers for its Rafale fighters will provide a 200km engagement range.
Pakistan's acquisition of the J-10C may press India to proceed with plans to modernise its Su-30MKI fleet, integrating the Irbis-E radar or possibly an AESA radar as well as new generations of missiles such as the 200km range K-77M or the 400km range R-37M. Such steps would be key to preventing the balance of power in the air from being strongly swayed towards Pakistan by the J-10C and JF-17 Block 3 acquisitions.
The Pakistani Air Force is expected to acquire 36 JF-17 Block 3 fighters, but may purchase more particularly as its ageing F-16A/B fighters, which are currently its heaviest in service, near the end of their service lives and come in need of replacement.
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Indian Navy's P-8Is Dominate the Indian Ocean
by Zaki Khalid
On 29 March 2022, India's Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral Radhakrishnan Hari Kumar, formally commissioned Indian Naval Air Squadron 316 (INAS 316), a.k.a. "The Condors," at Indian Naval Station (INS) Hansa in Goa.
The INAS 316 is the second Indian Navy aviation squadron to have a dedicated fleet of Boeing P-8I Neptune Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA), strategically located in the centre of India's western seaboard. The first P-8I fleet of eight MPAs was inducted into and operating under INAS 312 ("Albatross") in the southeastern seaboard overlooking the Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mannar from Tamil Nadu.
Mainstream media reports shared important excerpts from Hari Kumar's address, especially the reiteration that India intends to be the "preferred security partner" in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), an extension of its self-proclaimed "net-security provider" status.
In his televised address, the Admiral disclosed that eight Boeing P-8Is that were previously inducted "continue to provide surveillance for joint service missions," and their combined operational footprint extends "from Malacca, Lombok and Sunda Straits in the east to the southwest Indian Ocean, Gulf of Aden and the Persian Gulf in the west". While it is true that these MPAs were involved in monitoring the People's Liberation Army (PLA) movement in the Line of Actual Control (LAC) during the 2017 Doklam crisis (acknowledged by Hari Kumar), they were also called in to conduct widespread reconnaissance over the Arabian Sea during the 2019 standoff with Pakistan on Balakot. Thus, these aircraft have been operationally tested in a near-real conflict scenario with Pakistan.
With the completion of a base in Agaléga, which would help remove the blind spot in the southwestern Indian Ocean, the Indian Navy has basically (and rather ironically) formed its own "reverse string of pearls" concept.
The predecessor frontline air squadron of P-8Is maintained by INAS 312 ("Albatross") was raised in the eastern seaboard but under Southern Naval Command (SNC), strategically positioned to keep tabs on both the Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mannar while reducing flight time to Andaman & Nicobar Islands; they provide an operational advantage to keep tabs on the PLA Navy vessels during entry from the Pacific. INAS 316, on the other hand, has been raised at Western Naval Command (WNC), which is primarily Pakistan-focused.
If keeping an eye on the broader Western Indian Ocean is the stated objective, it would have been prudent for the Indian Navy to raise INAS 316 at, for example, INS Garuda in Kerala (also under SNC) or on one of the islands in the Lakshadweep. Since Pakistan directly shares both land and maritime borders with India, setting up base in INS Hansa only confirms that the Indian Navy perceives potent maritime threats from a less-equipped Pakistan Navy.
Some would argue that a base in Goa would expend less time and resources to keep tabs on PLA Navy movements in the Arabian Sea, particularly concerns among Indian policymakers that China might establish a "military base" for PLA Navy in Gwadar. This rationale carries little weight since PLA Navy can be monitored and, if necessary, restricted from movements to and from the Indian Ocean via the Pacific Ocean.
In his detailed analysis, Samuel Bashfield examined the undeclared construction of an Indian Navy base in North Agaléga island (part of Mauritius). He notes:
"The most important new infrastructure on the atoll is a 3,000-metre runway, and considerable apron for aircraft. Under construction also are sizable jetty facilities in deeper water, and what looks like barracks and fields which could be used by military personnel."
"The outpost at Agaléga will be useful to support the operation of India's fleet of Boeing P-8I maritime surveillance aircraft."
"The vastness of the Indian Ocean means that P-8s and other maritime surveillance aircraft require airfields and refuelling facilities at staging points, which is where facilities like those on North Agaléga island come in."
Until this facility is completed, the Indian Navy could also benefit from base facilities in the Diego Garcia, a UK-controlled territory in the Indian Ocean which hosts a sizable base for US Navy's 7th Fleet (US Indo Pacific Command). In April 2019, around the time Pakistan and India were engaged in a military standoff, the Indian Navy's P-8Is from INAS 312 participated in "cooperative activities" with their American counterparts focused on Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) training, information sharing, and coordination between naval assets which included MPAs. A pilot from 7th Fleet's Patrol Squadron 8 stated the goal of these activities was "to further standardise our procedures so we can work more efficiently in future real world operations". Then VP-8 Commanding Officer added further that the engagement would help in "laying the groundwork for future integration efforts between our Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance Forces".
The Indian Navy has already signed or renewed agreements for logistics and replenishment facilities in Duqm (Oman) and with Japan, the latter leading to options for the use of Japan Self-Defence Force Base in Ambouli (Djibouti). With the completion of a base in Agaléga, which would help remove the blind spot in the southwestern Indian Ocean, the Indian Navy has basically (and rather ironically) formed its own "reverse string of pearls" concept. Members of the Quad and even France would gladly support efforts to place greater reliance on India's eyes and ears on the Indian Ocean rather than spending billions to do the same.
Author's rough estimation of facilities that could be used by Indian Navy MPAs
With the induction of six more P-8Is (a total of 12 in-service, four pending) in the coming decade, the Indian Navy is on the path to achieving unparalleled regional maritime information dominance. Moving forward, Pakistan might seek Chinese assistance to bolster its reconnaissance limitations in the interests of larger shared security concerns viz China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
Pakistan Navy's doctrine and Vision 2030 (released in 2018) do not indicate interest in looking beyond the North Arabian Sea or acquiring high-end MPA but rather the reliance on refurbished commercial jets. The Naval Air Arm vision (2017) is similarly myopic and indicates intent to focus on coastal surveillance within immediate waters. Detecting hostile movements at greater distances in the maritime domain is perhaps not a strategic priority.
Till the time of writing this report, India remains the only Asian country to operate P-8Is (South Korea has placed orders for the P-8As and is waiting for deliveries). This gives a further edge to India in terms of interoperability with partner countries. Excepting Japan, all Quad members possess variants of the P-8 Poseidon.
While India cannot reasonably expect Pakistan to launch an offensive in view of considerable force disparity, the latter's defensive manoeuvres would remain susceptible to P-8Is, eventually leading to a high likelihood of combat disadvantage. Pakistan Navy's policymakers would need to reconsider their strategic myopia. For starters, the Western Indian Ocean in its entirety should be considered an important area for active patrolling in the larger interests of pre-empting hostile intent. To do this requires a massive doctrinal rethink in consultation with the political government and logistics exchange agreements with friendly countries.
More importantly, the decision to rely on refurbished jetliners should be changed from being "a substitute" to being "a temporary solution" pending the acquisition of high-end MPAs from overseas.
Zaki Khalid
Zaki Khalid is a strategic analyst and freelance commentator based in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. His areas of interest include national security, geopolitics, cyberspace and maritime affairs. He is also the founder and editor of 'Pakistan Geostrategic Review (PGR)', an independent platform publishing a premium newsletter and podcasts on geostrategic developments. He can be reached on Twitter @misterzedpk.
CSAW
Pakistani F-16s Approved for $450 Million Sustainment, Equipment
01:45 AM, September 8, 2022
The U.S. State Department approving a Foreign Military Sale to Pakistan of F-16 sustainment and related equipment for an estimated cost of $450 million.
The proposed sale does not include any new capabilities, weapons, or munitions.
The Government of Pakistan has requested to consolidate prior F-16 sustainment and support cases to support the Pakistan Air Force F-16 fleet by reducing duplicate case activities and adding additional continued support elements.
Included are U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics services for follow-on support of Pakistan's F-16 fleet to include:
Participation in F-16 Aircraft Structural Integrity Program
Electronic Combat International Security Assistance Program
International Engine Management Program
Engine Component Improvement Program, and other technical coordination groups
Aircraft and engine hardware and software modifications and support
Aircraft and engine spare repair/return parts
Accessories and support equipment
Classified and unclassified software and software support
Publications, manuals, and technical documentation
Precision measurement, calibration, lab equipment, and technical support services
Other related elements of aircraft maintenance and program support.
The proposed sale will continue the sustainment of Pakistan's F-16 fleet, which greatly improves Pakistan's ability to support counterterrorism operations through its robust air-to-ground capability.
Pakistani F-16s Approved for $450 Million Sustainment, Equipment
www.defensemirror.com
Fantastic Fantan – Second To None Pakistan Air Force Magazine
secondtononepaf.com
Fantastic Fantan
March 3, 2022 Editor by Air Cdre Muhammad Ali
Most dogfights last just a few seconds. They usually involve two opposing pilots, one of whom has no idea who the other guy is. Most kills happen that way. In 1986, A-5 and F-16 pilots entered the arena over the desert, North of Multan, for the first time. Leading a two-ship formation of A-5s during the first Dissimilar Aircraft Combat Training (DACT) (2 vs 2) in the annual Jetstream Exercise, Wg Cdr Hamid Khawaja (later retd as AVM), saw the F-16s pop out of the blue, with an aim to kill them. Wg Cdr Hamid Khawaja and his wingman were there to do the same. From then on what happened didn't just happen. The A-5 pilots were watching their flight maneuvering, looking around. It was closed in, hard turning, mano a mano, the longest few minutes the PAF's F-16 pilots had ever endured. "Earlier before the mission, we had cleaned up the aircraft. Took off everything, the racks, and the fuel tanks. The A-5 had more fuel capacity than its predecessor F-6. We could fly at the required speed with less power. Also, we were emitting less heat signature that's why they could not get an early lock-on to us. The F-16s were better than us in every way, in turn, in climbing, in running away, in coming in. But our plan was to not engage for too long. And that's how we got six kills during the exercise," AVM Hamid Khawaja (Retd) recalled. That was not the only morale booster for the A-5 pilots. During another exercise in PAF Base Rafiqui, Wg Cdr Hamid Khawaja was tasked to attack a bridge on a canal in Chicho-ki-Malian (a small town in Punjab). PAF F-16s were heading towards the same destination, but only to intercept the raiding A-5s. The then Squadron Commander, Wg Cdr Hamid Khawaja, had put together two packages of four Mirages and six A-5 IIIs. He planned it such that the F-16 pilots went chasing in the wrong direction, enabling the A-5 pilots to complete their mission and escape. Later, this episode did upset a lot of people in the F-16 squadrons, but this is what the nature of this challenging profession is like. A curious feature of the A-5 history was its reputation as the leading ground attack jet despite its inferiority (with respect to performance) compared with other fighters in the PAF inventory of that time. Over the years, PAF pilots, engineers, and maintenance crew developed a kind of love and hate relationship with this rugged warrior owing to its diverse characteristics. That's why it deserves a rightful place in the history of PAF as one of the potent weapon systems that served the nation for more than two decades. While the Chinese A-5 achieved fame on the strength of several outstanding attributes, of these, perhaps the most important was its excellent low-level capability. "The more it hugged the ground at high speeds, the more stable it used to become compared with other jets in the PAF's fleet. The A-5 was excellent in the ground attack role," reminisced AVM Sajid Habib (Retd). To these attributes were added, heavy offensive weaponry, though the true combat potential of the A-5 was achieved only after a long period of gestation. Back in 1997-98, Wg Cdr Sajid Habib was the officer commanding of Sqn No 16 'Black Panthers', which was equipped with A-5 IIIs at that time. Under his command, 'Panthers' won the ACES trophy for the second time. That year, the No 16 Sqn, also scored Alpha every month in every exercise in live bombing and strafing. The sqn achieved the same feat almost a decade ago when it won the ACES trophy for the first time under the command of Wg Cdr Zafar Mirza in 1989-90. From there on there was no looking back. The A-5s earned their reputation and its pilots performed outstandingly in all exercises armament competitions and firepower demos.
The Pioneers
Ferries of the A-5s from Nanchang, China commenced in the summers of 1983 and continued till mid of 1984, without the laborious and costly land hopping routine, which the PAF pilots experienced while ferrying F-6s almost a decade ago. The first six aircraft were delivered on 12 February 1983, under the command of Wg Cdr Hamid Saeed Khan and his seven colleagues, Wg Cdr Farooq Siddique, Sqn Ldr Mansoor Ahmed, Sqn Ldr Saeed Akhtar, Sqn Ldr SA Muddassir, Flt Lt Altaf Saleemi, Flt Lt Saifoor Ahmed and Flt Lt Ahmed Yar Khan. The ferry engineering officer was Sqn Ldr Asfar Majeed. Another six were delivered to Pakistan four days later. All in all 54 dual-engine A-5s were ferried from China in the coming months. A young Flt Lt in 1982, Sajid Habib was also among the pioneering pilots who went to Nanchang, China to complete a ground training course on A-5 IIIs. "By comparison, the A-5 was unusual looking. Our reaction was, what is that?'' Perhaps, a cross between Mirage and F-6," AVM Sajid Habib (Retd) remembered with a smile. Accompanying him during the course were Flt Lt Hanif, Sqn Ldr Saeed Shahi, Flt Lt Altaf Saleemi, Flt Lt Khawaja Latif. Wg Cdr Hamid Saeed Khan was the contingent commander. "These were the difficult times, as none of the locals could speak and understand English. Even the A-5 dash-one and checklist were in Chinese which made our lives miserable, however, Flt Lt Saleemi did a great job in translating all the procedures into English," remembers AVM Sajid Habib (Retd). Mocked initially, the A-5's fuel capacity was incredible. "It could fly farther than an F-6 fitted with fuel tanks. The first A-5s flew direct from Hotian to Rafiqui Air Force Base, at 34, 000 ft, with some 1, 300 liters of fuel to spare after we landed," added AVM Sajid Habib (Retd), who carried out his first ferry in one go.
Re-Equipments
No 16 Sqn, the 'Black Panthers' was the first sqn of the PAF to be equipped with A-5 III. The re-equipment ceremony was held on 21 March 1983 where General M Iqbal, Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee was the guest of honor. Wg Cdr Hamid Saeed Khan was its first sqn cdr. During the ceremony, Wg Cdr Tahir Ahmed flew his A-5 in an aerobatic demonstration showing off the agility and maneuverability of the aircraft. Sqn Ldr Mansoor Ahmed, Sqn Ldr SA Muddassir, Flt Lt Altaf Saleemi, and Flt Lt Saifoor Ahmed flew their A-5s in a four-ship formation the same day. Two days later, on Pakistan's Defence Day, another formation of A-5s flew by, led by the Rafiqui Base Commander, Air Cdre Amjad H Khan. PAF was proud to present its newest combat aircraft to the watching world. Next in line for re-equipment was the No 26 Sqn which got converted on to A-5 IIIs in mid of 1983, under the command of Wg Cdr S Arshad Toor. In 1985, after converting on A-5 IIIs, the sqn won the three top laurels, the Professionals, Flight Safety, and Command Armament competition trophy. No 7 'Bandits' was the last sqn to receive a handful of A-5 IIIs replacing the vintage B-57 Bombers. On 27 December 1983, the re-equipment ceremony of the squadron was held at PAF Base Rafiqui, with Wg Cdr Shams Khan as its first sqn cdr. At the same time, the sqn was also re-assigned the new role as the 'Tactical Attack Squadron'. At the end of the ceremony, two B-57s in close line astern position flew past the venue indicating the end of their valuable service to PAF. Moments later, in came the agile and sleek A-5s in close 'VIC formation.
The Backdrop
PAF pilots argued that the A-5 did not distinguish itself on any major event but flew with somewhat equal distinction. It did well over the mountains as well as over the southern desert. Its cosmopolitan nature was fundamental in its design, its origins much to the previous wars, and subsequently to the urgent need for reequipment by the PAF during the 80s. And even though the A-5s were inducted around the same time as the F-16s, the numbers of 'Fighting Falcon' delivered to Pakistan were insufficient, against an enemy air force four times its size. The Swedes had declined to sell Pakistan their Saab 105s and the PAF had refused the A-7 offered by the USA. The dangerous signals after the 71 war followed by a decade-long Afghan war had not been ignored by the PAF high command, which was continuously considering the future requirements for the air force. The search took on a new urgency and the PAF once again turned to the Chinese, who readily came up with the Nanchang A-5 III. Well suited to the low-level attack role, the A-5 was adaptable and extremely potent. Despite its limitations, it was to serve the PAF valorously in the coming decades. In the winters of December 1983, another 17 A-5 IIIs that joined the PAF fleet were equally split between No 16 and No 7 squadrons. The final delivery of some 13 A-5s, should have commenced in China on 19 January 1984. Bad weather meant that the 14 pilots led by Rafiqui Base Commander Air Cdre Saeed K Kamal, were all delayed at Hotian before the aircraft got to Rafiqui. Gp Capt Wali Mughni (Retd), who was then Squadron Commander of No 26 Sqn, remembers an incident of his life that was difficult for
him to shake away. In the winters of 1984, he along with his contingent flew to China to test-fly the newly selected A-5-III. Day after their arrival heavy snow started and continued for the next 21 days. "Those were very hard days, we were stuck in our rooms and heavy snow didn't allow us to go outside," remembers Gp Capt Wali Mughni (Retd). It cleared off on the 22nd day and we desperately went to the airport to carry out the test flight. Just after take-off, Wg Cdr Wali Mughni broke cloud cover at 2, 000 ft, and performed the necessary checks. He found the aircraft in perfect shape and threw it around to check the various systems. Accomplishing the mission, it was time to land. "As soon as I descended the runway had disappeared under fresh snowfall. The weather changed all of sudden without my expectations. Chinese ground staff frantically tried blowing the snow away using F-6 jet engines mounted on trucks," recalled Gp Capt Wali Mughni (Retd). By the time they reached the end of the runway, the cleared stretch was again covered by snow. "It was now a matter of pride and honor. To eject or do whatever it takes to land the fighter. In no way I was convinced to abandon the brand new aircraft. I made two attempts for landing, however, could not locate the runway on the final approach due to a heavy blizzard. Finally, I informed the control tower that I was coming in for landing for the last time," Gp Capt Wali Mughni (retd) said, who was by then flying on vapors. As soon as he touched down, his fuel finished completely and the engine flamed out on the runway. It was a close call, however, he managed to save a valuable PAF asset at the end of the day. The Aircraft The twin-engine fighter was an improved version of the Shenyang F-6, a Chinese derivative of the MIG-19. But the A-5s stronger wings allowed it to carry more air to ground weaponry. The F-6 was an air superiority fighter-interceptor, with limited air to ground capabilities. The two afterburning WP-6 turbojet engines provided the rugged A-5III, with its necessary propulsion. PAF A-5IIIs were different considerably from the Peoples Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) versions, with several design features being introduced to increase the jet's strike range. The swept-wing A-5 III could carry bombs, rockets, and air-to-air missiles. It had two GSH guns. External fuel tanks could be carried under the wings and rockets were mounted on underwing pylons. There were four belly stations, which could carry Durandals, Rockeye MK 20 CBU, BL-155 CBU or MK 82, and Snake Eye bombs. However, a fully loaded aircraft (2 AAM, 2 Drop Tanks, and 4 bombs) performed averagely.
averagely.
There were several modifications done to the A-5, to overcome the complexities of flying operations. The bombing mode (CCIP) that existed in the aircraft was tried out but proved to be of little benefit. The sight was depressed to levels where the pilot could not see it unless his helmet was touching the canopy. Nonetheless, by 1987, PAC Kamra had started overhauling the A-5III. Prior to this, the aircraft had to be ferried to China for attention. The year 1988 was the last time the three A-5s flew to China for overhauling and modifications. At PAC Kamra, engineers transformed the A-5 into a force of reckoning. With two wing-mounted cannons, and an array of western and Chinese bombs, including the runway busting Durandals and unguided rockets, the A-5III was turned into a lethal weapon system. For interception, the A-5III could call upon both western Matra 550 and AIM-9 sidewinders, as well as Chinese air-to-air weapons. Tactical air navigation (TACAN) system was also installed in 1985. Later, modifications included the installation of GPS-100 which proved to be handy during low-level tactical attack missions. While it carried more fuel than the F-6, the A-5 was like a cheap but primitive Mirage. "It was incomparable to the F-16. The ejection seat was unreliable and initially, we had several unfortunate accidents. Subsequently, the Chinese ejection seats were replaced with zero-zero Martin Baker seats. Another problem was the lack of stall warnings. As you approached the stall there was no pre-stall buffet or noise of the turbulent airflow over the canopy. The first indication was the onset of a tip stall causing the wings to rock. This was mistaken by many pilots during the initial years as a control problem. The aircraft had not been spin tested and had the same spin recovery procedure as the F-6 which was aerodynamically different," recalled AVM Hamid Khawaja (Retd). Initially, the PAF pilots flying the other weapon systems underestimated the 'Fantastic Fantan'. With proper tactics, the A-5 could hold its own against other jets. During exercises, initially, the agile Mirage pilots found it difficult to escape. On the other hand, when being chased, A-5 pilots also found it difficult to lose their tails. The A-5 possessed another performance feature, which enabled it to outpace most contemporary PAF service fighters was that it was difficult to spot. While the F-16 and F-7, if flown well, could get the better of the A-5, AVM Salman Bukhari (Retd), an A-5 veteran who holds the record of flying the maximum number of hours, said that this jet was invisible. "It's camouflage livery on top and the undersurface sky blue paint job made the A-5 III almost from the ground and especially from above when flying high-speed low-level missions. I remember during exercises, our opponents could simply not spot us from above. It was a feature in which the A-5 had attained greater notoriety than any other weapon in the arsenal," added AVM Salman Bukhari (Retd), smiling. Historically, three PAF squadrons, No 7 Sqn 'Bandits', No 16 Sqn 'Black Panthers', and No 26 Sqn 'Black Spiders' were reequipped with A-5III aircraft, No 16 Sqn being the pioneer. However, No 7 Sqn was the first A-5 sqn to relinquish the 'Fantans' and got converted to Australian 'ROSE' Mirages. The other two sqns carried on with the legacy of A-5 till its retirement from PAF service. Initially, PAF Base Rafiqui housed all the three A-5 sqns, however, No 16 and 26 sqns moved to their final destination at PAF Base Peshawar in 1989. Being at Peshawar, the two sqns played an important role on a variety of occasions. The sqns participated in all major operational activities and exercises of the PAF, which included Ops Sentinel, Hi-Mark 2005, Saffron Bandit, Banner Towing, Air-to-Air firing camp, and DACT at different locations. Intercepts were a normal part of the policing missions during the Afghan war in the 80s and the A-5 was the perfect proving ground for this act. To ensure the sovereignty of the Pakistan air space, the then Squadron Commander of No 26 Sqn, Wg Cdr Wali Mughni, was alerted to get airborne to investigate an aircraft and enforce a no-fly zone. Within three minutes, after radars picked up an unidentified aircraft, the sqn cdr was chasing the intruder along with his wingman. On his way, he was informed that a Russian jet had peeled off from an 8-ship formation on a bombing run along the Pak-Afghan border. "Being a fighter pilot is an attitude. We used to itch for such an opportunity, to get a kill. But the intruder started waggling the wings of his SU-25 and put his gears down. Obviously, we could not engage someone who had indicated to surrender," Gp Capt Wali Mughni (Retd) recalled. When the pilot was forced to land he remained in the jet for quite some time. When he did step out, everyone on the tarmac was amused. He was a Peshawari-sandals and Shalwar Kamiz wearing chap, with the G-suit on top, a 'Dari' speaking defector.
High Altitude Ops
"Deployment to PAF Qadri at Skardu used to be an event, we all waited anxiously throughout the year. It was fun flying there. Weather was good, especially if you are coming from Rafiqui," remembers AVM Salman Bukhari (Retd). A-5 III was a very successful platform for deployment to high-altitude airfields like Skardu, which has more than 7000 feet elevation. "Mirages had their peculiar problems operating from high altitude runways and F-6s had limited fuel endurance. All in all, A-5 III was the weapon system of choice when it came to high-altitude operations. Flying low in 'Shigar' valley and making low-level passes over frozen lakes were some of the things you can't forget," adds AVM Salman Bukhari (Retd). The majority of pilots who have flown A-5 are of the opinion that the fuel carrying capacity of A-5 III was phenomenal, perhaps its biggest advantage. "We used to take-off from Peshawar, carry out bombing at a range in Skardu and return. No other aircraft could fly that distance," said veteran A-5 pilot, AVM Salman Bukhari (Retd), who topped in weapons systems during one of the biggest armament competitions in 1996. AVM Salman Bukhari (Retd), who had flown all PAF jets attributed its success to its stability at low levels, long hauls, and weapons carrying capacity. A-5 pilots have bitter and sweet memories. "It's never easy to bid farewell to your comrades, especially the ones you have trained for so long. I saw my wingman catch fire and he could not eject. He lies in the vicinity of the runway at PAF Base Rafiqui. May Allah Bless his soul, I still find that very difficult to reconcile," AVM Hamid Khawaja (Retd) said in a gloomy tone. Some also have sweeter memories. The A-5 squadrons were like springboards for conversion to more advanced F-16s. It was a norm that the A-5 pilots used to convert directly on the Fighting Falcons. One of the prime reasons was pilots were able to fly two hours missions comfortably, thanks to its impressive endurance. AVM Hamid Khawaja and ACM Sohail Aman along with many others were among those who later converted onto F-16s. Farewell to Fantan The year 2007, was the beginning of the end for the A-5s. After serving the nation for more than two decades, the 'Fantan' finally gave way to the more agile, state-of-the-art JF-17 Thunder. A-5 III tail number 3W-110, was the first to be retired, the same jet that AVM Sajid Habib flew as a young Flt Lt for the very first time at PAF Base Rafiqui. He was not going to turn down the request to enjoy the last moments in the sky in the A-5, and so had the privilege to fly it for one last time as Base Commander, PAF Base Peshawar. "The jet flew so smoothly. The credit went to the engineers, who maintained the aircraft so well that not a single needle fluctuated. It was 101 percent serviceable sortie. I along with squadron commanders of No 16 and No 26 Sqns on my wing flew the farewell flight. To record the historical event, I took along my trusted digicam for making videos. It was nostalgia, a mixed feeling of satisfaction and pride. It was painful to say goodbye to a friend with whom you had such a long association," added AVM Sajid Habib (Retd) recollecting memorable times spent with the aircraft. After a low buzz over the airfield, it was time for Air Cdre Sajid Habib to land back amidst the cheering crowds. The A-5 holds a special place in the PAF's aviation history. In some respects, the combat career of the A-5 III was much less spectacular than that of other jets. While it never saw an actual war, it remained in the front-line service throughout its tenure. Be it Ops Sentinel, standoff with India, or Kargil war, A-5 was there to defend and respond. A-5 sightings in the air have long gone. The jet now joins the heritage of aircraft collections in the PAF Museum, Karachi. Few of the A-5s are installed at busy crossroads of major Pakistani cities reminding the nation that the 'Fantastic Fantan' played its part while defending the aerial frontiers of this sacred motherland.
,..,,.
Ghessan
ghazi52 said:
isn't it same Usman from Pakdef?
Ghessan said:
Bilal Khan (Quwa)
I just got this in the mail. Great book. Superb work by Usman Shabbir and Yawar Mazhar.
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.,.,.,.,
OPTIONS TO COUNTER THE NEW THREATS
(By Sarmad Hassan Sharif)
PAF in the mid 70s was not in a good shape. It comprised of Chinese F-6s, French Mirage-III/V and American F-86E/F Sabres. The F-6 was a good aircraft in Air Defence and Close Support roles but it was certainly not an offensive strike aircraft. In the 1971 war, it could easily run and catch IAF intruders such as Hunters and Su-7s, but now IAF had better aircraft in terms of acceleration, power and avionics. The only advantage they had was their dogfight capability which was unmatched by the Jaguars, Fishbeds and the Floggers.
The Mirage was an excellent ground attack platform and had better range of weapons than the F-6s. Historically they had a good reputation if pitted against the MiG-21s (and even 23s if the latter opted for a knife fight). But they could not stop the MiG-25 Foxbat from intruding in our airspace, neither they could dogfight a Mirage-2000H, nor they had the electronics to beat the MiG-23MF in BVR role.
With the country's economy striving hard to move on, a global oil crises and US embargo, PAF had no option but to add in more F-6s to maintain numbers. However in 1975, after lifting of the ten year US embargo, PAF ordered AIM-9D and AIM-9P missiles as well as sent a request to procure a new aircraft type in order to replace the F-86. The US offered 110 A-7D Corsair ground attack aircraft deemed as excess defence article (EDA) by Nixon/Ford admin without any restrictions.
PAF was more than happy to procure them as it would enhance their strike capability a great deal. 110 aircraft meant five squadrons and an OCU. A-7 being a steady and sturdy ground attack platform would solve the deep strike problem which PAF was facing. Before they were delivered Carter won the presidential elections and he cancelled the agreement because of Pakistan's nuclear program - it was his election pledge to be more strict on nuclear proliferation and human rights. The story for the A-7Ds ended before it was started, PAF had to order more Mirages.
PAF in their third order for Mirages, ordered a customized version of the Mirage-V, known as Mirage-VPA2/3. These Mirages were equipped with a modern Navigation/Attack System. the PA-3 version had the Thomson AGAVE Radar compatible with the Exocet Anti Ship missile as a counter to the Indian Sea Eagle Anti Ship missile.
GriffinsRule
Nice, only picture of 70425 Ive seen so far
,.,..,
1965 Pakistan-India War:
Three AAAs that saved Pakistan – ALLAH, Artillery, and the Air Force
Admin PSF
1965 war witnessed the rattling of two air-forces ratioed 1:5 means every single fighter aircraft of Pakistan Air Force was had 5 opponents to fight against. No other option was there other than to defend the homeland from the cowards who opened the war front in the darkness of a night.
They aimed to capture Lahore in a day, but they underestimated the sons of soil, the rigid nerves of men in uniforms, ready to embrace death in the defense of the motherland. The intense air battles resulted losses on both sides but the heroics of PAF were remarkable enough to be mentioned in the books of history.
Although the war broke out on 6th September, but PAF was put on red alert by the visionary leadership of Air Marshal Nur Khan. This helped PAF attaining upper hand and virtual control of whole war, it greatly facilitated in preparing the PAF for imminent war. As the war broke, PAF adopted a very offensive strategic plan of crippling IAF on ground through air strikes on their airfields.
Meanwhile they also carried extensive ground support by pounding the advancing armored columns of Indian Army. IA opened fronts at Lahore, Kasur & Sialkot with tanks, artillery guns, armored vehicles, and infantry support. On 6 September, the 15th Infantry Division of the Indian Army, under World War II veteran Major General Niranjan Prasad, battled a massive counterattack by Pakistan near the west bank BRB Canal. He made two attempts to cross the canal and enter the Lahore city but was stopped by resilience and resistance of Pakistan Armed Forces. 3rd Jat division of Indian Army was able to cross the BRB and capture the village of Batapur near Jallo-More of Lahore, but the sharp shooters of PAF destroyed their ammunition stores and armored vehicles, which shattered their morale and they had to retreat.
PAF had F-104 starfighters for high altitude flight and to provide cover to the low flying F-86 Sabers. PAF had 125 F-86 Sabre, a dozen or so F-104 Starfighters and around 27 B-57 Canberra Medium Bombers.
IAF possessed some 26 fighter squadrons and four medium bomber squadrons. It deployed IAF could deploy only one MiG-21 squadron which had only a handful of aircraft on its strength; five Mystere Ground Attack squadrons, three Hunter Fighter G/A squadrons, three Gnat Mk1 Air Defense squadrons; three Canberra medium bomber squadrons and two reformed and merged Vampire squadrons, which were withdrawn when four Vampires were lost on the first day of operations against Pakistan.
The employment of PAF assets was accomplished in a very innovative and professional manner. Single squadron of PAF F-104s managed to attain and maintain air superiority throughout the conflict. The Star Fighters were employed as top cover for the F-86s representing a threat to the IAF fighter fleet. Resultantly, brilliantly flown PAF Sabers inflicted more losses on the IAF Hunters, Gnats and Mysteres.
The employment of the Bomber fleet was also very well panned by the PAF top leadership. Besides the fighters, the bombers also made significant contributions by undertaking regular night bombing operations against several Indian airfields, damaging most of them. PAF leadership also exhibited a classic example of unconventional means of utilizing its C-130 fleet for night bombing.
The speed with which the idea was adopted, and the necessary modifications incorporated reflected the PAF's pilots and engineer's genius for improvisation
PAF was outnumbered in comparison to the IAF, yet it had superiority in terms of training which pilots were undergoing for 8 years with Americans. PAF's B57s were also better than the Indian English Electric ones with superior avionics and upgradation package.
Prior to the full front war, Flight Lieutenant Imtiaz Ahmad Bhatti and Squadron Leader Sarfaraz Ahmad Rafiqui gave a bloody nose to IAF Vampires on September 1, when two PAF F-86 Sabre shot four IAF Vampires, when they were attacking army in Chamb area. Post this, no Vampire was seen in the rest of the war.
Squadron Leader Sarfaraz Ahmad Rafiqui was in command of three F-86 aircrafts in the strike against Halwara airfield on September 6. His guns were jammed for some unknown reason, Rafiqui, unarmed as he was, refused to give up and continued instead to provide protection to his co-fighters while ordering his wingman to take over as leader. Although, his aircraft was shot down. However, he did allow others to hit three more of hunters of IAF, which had intercepted them in their strike. Given his exemplary leadership in each of his exploits, he has been honored with Sitara-i-Jurat and Hilal-i-Jurat. In another heroic attempt,
PAF Pilot Muhammad Mehmood Alam shot Five IAF Hawker Hunters in less than 60 seconds, making it a world record yet to be broken. He was awarded with Sitara-e-Jurat
In reaction to the Indian thwart against Lahore on 6th September, PAF responded with preemptive attacks on Indian airfields at Pathankot, Adampur and Halwara. Pathankot was a great success for PAF as around 10 Indian aircrafts were destroyed on ground by PAF pilots.
The best day for PAF was to defend Sargodha, the central fort for the Air Force, against the Indian charge and thwart to destroy the center of operations. PAF defended the fort with a great courage, a small force against a 3-5 times larger enemy in numeric, but it was the training of PAF Pilots, the spirit of Eeman and the patriotism which made them a rigid wall of defense and Indian attempts were neutralized.
All in all, the war was ruled by PAF virtually in the skies as India lost around 75 aircrafts (110 claimed by Pakistan) in the cost of mere 20 aircraft losses by Pakistan. There is a famous saying of an Indian Pilot:
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France intends to stop importing soy, palm oil, beef, wood and other products linked to deforestation and unsustainable agriculture by 2030, shooting ahead of the rest of the EU.
The new national strategy to combat imported deforestation, released by the environment ministry on Wednesday, will use trade to help decouple economic development from tree-cutting and unsustainable agriculture in poorer countries.
France also plans to help companies meet their own goals for combatting the import of products linked to deforestation, and encourage financiers to take environmental and social issues into account for investment decisions.
Europe's imports of agricultural products – ranging from beef and soybeans from Latin America, to palm oil from southeast Asia, to cocoa from Africa – are responsible for more than a third of deforestation, according to the French strategy.
"The EU, a major global economic player, bears an important responsibility to set an example," it stated. The European Union, as well as France, therefore should "rapidly" adopt measures to reduce the impact of their consumption on deforestation.
The European Commission is under growing pressure from some EU capitals, European Parliament members and civil society to address the bloc's contribution to deforestation in other countries.
France, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, the UK, Denmark and Norway sent a letter to EU commissioners earlier this month asking them to come up with a bloc-wide action plan to combat deforestation, based on a feasibility study the commission published in March.
The French strategy also comes amid growing concern about rising deforestation in the world's largest tropical rainforest – the Amazon – following Brazil's election of Jair Bolsonaro. Deforestation in the Amazon jumped by nearly 50% during the three-month presidential election season, according to preliminary figures. The incoming president has talked about putting a highway through the forest and weakening environmental laws in favour of farmers and loggers.
Polsterer argued in Climate Home News during Brazil's election campaign that the best way for the EU to resist Bolsonaro's impact would be through trade. The EU is the largest foreign investor in Brazil and its second-largest trading partner, with a share of 18.3%, she said.
Forests shelter more than 75% of the world's biodiversity, absorb climate-warming carbon dioxide emissions and help protect soil and freshwater, said the French strategy. Global forest cover shrunk by 129 million hectares, or twice the size of France, between 1990 and 2015, it said, citing the UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation.


"What Child Is This?" (with melody also known as Greensleeves) has a beautiful melody and is a familiar Christmas carol. Included is sheet music, lyrics page, 5 rhythmic ostinatos, and 2 melodic borduns/ostinatos. A perfect way to have fun, sing, practice rhythms, and give your students the opportunity to play instruments - all in one activity!
NUTCRACKER BUNDLE! 10 Rhythm Games, Listening & Review Questions, Orff Arr.


« Why Nuclear Power is a Non-Response to Peak Oil – Part 1. Do We Really Have to Argue All This Again?
What Exactly IS Energy Descent?
The term 'energy descent' is being used more and more to describe the period beyond the peak in world oil production. The concept is simple enough, the upwards left-hand side of the Hubbert curve we might call 'energy ascent', where each year there is more and more oil and gas available. Beyond the peak we can call it 'energy descent', where there is less and less available each year. For the paper I am writing at the moment I am looking to define what this much flung-about term actually means. I am attempting to draft a definition, and I would very much welcome your thoughts and input.
'Energy descent' describes the process of departing from our culture's current energy-intensive processes: copious transportation (ground, air, water); energy-intensive technologies; fossil-sourced-chemical intensive agriculture & medicine; and the business & political models dependent thereon.
I like the 2nd & 3rd sentences of your definition ("It also refers to a future scenario…") and the final sentence of Adam Fenderson's ("It is a term favoured by…").
I do not agree with the phrase "continual decline" in yours. That implies a constant rate of change. The models of Robert Prechter and the Elliott Wave theory (based on Fibonacci) indicate that the descent will come in pulses or waves.
Also, your use of the phrase "fossil fuel" in the latter portions of your definition, and Fenderson's "global fossil fuel extraction" might be broadened. I believe nuclear should be included within the umbrella of energy from which we are descending. Mark's comment about "net energy" is a good one – even as we transition to renewable sources, part of that is a patch or a replacement for the high level of energy use to which we are accustomed. As we get further into Holmgren's 500 years, we won't be needing even the amount of renewables.
Borrowing a phrase from Patrick Whitefield I'd add the following concept: Energy descent will likely mean transition to social, economic & political systems modeled very closely on ecosystems.
perhaps the term 'net energy' is difficult to define. Energy can not be created, only converted. So are we talking about the amount of energy we are converting from our eco-system to another human-system. For example, if i heat a forge with coal and use that energy to make a sword, is the net energy i have used then the amount converted to molecular structure changes of the sword? No energy is lost in our environment. If we burn fossile fuels, the world does not have less energy, it simply has energy in a different form, locked into different molecular structure. Some of these structures are 'man made', some energy is lost in heat and pollution (which then become part of the eco-system again, though not in a balanced nature).
We then need to talk about our ability to convert energy, the source of the conversion, the rate and sustainability of with the aim of creating a conversion cycle. Sustainability of energy for the future should be modelled on an eco-system or cycle, rather than a bell curve.
Global 'net energy' could be called the amount of energy converted by human activities.
Energy Descent is the period after the paradigm shift of "demand controlled supply" (i.e. now) to "supply controlled demand" (i.e. the near and distant future).
It's as simple as that. We will no longer be able to have what we want, we will have to make do with what we're given.
Hi Rob and thanks for creating this dialogue. Energy Descent is a great term to define, as we're beginning to use it more freely however it's not common yet. We took it out of a title for upcoming Public lecture by David Holmgren and Richard Heinberg in Adelaide, South Australia, on the basis many in the public wouldn't know what we're talking about.
Energy Descent is the process of living with less net energy. As a process it is ever changing, adapting, responding and reflecting a new paradigm for human cultures and communities.
It is both a response and an opportunity: A response to the imposition created by Peak Oil and the opportunity to reconfigure our energy priorities as a consequences of greenhouse gas emissions and Climate Change.
It is a process from now long into the future. It is the path we nurture and create for our children and generations to come.
As a vision or path forward from Oil Peak* it empowers us to envision more from less: To recreate communities and cultures of less consumption, better quality of life and relationship with people and nature.
It is our beacon of hope in the face of difficult challenges posed by the realisation of Peak Oil and Climate Change as economic and cultural constructs of the way we lived in the Age of Oil.
There is much to relearn on this path and different tools for descent culture to embrace. The 12 Permaculture Principles described by David Holmgren in "Permaculture – pathways and principles beyond sustainability" are empowering templates for understanding and action to be confident on this path.


text:
Брач може да се отнася за:

 Брач, далматински остров;
 Брач, музикален инструмент;
 Брач, музикална група.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia