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IBM 7030, також відомий як Stretch — перший суперкомп'ютер компанії IBM, побудований на транзисторах. Був найшвидшою ЕОМ у світі з 1961 до 1964 року, коли запрацювала перша машина CDC 6600.

Машину було спроектовано під потреби, сформульовані Едвардом Теллером з Ліверморської національної лабораторії; перший екземпляр було поставлено Лос-Аламоській національній лабораторії у 1961-му, а другий — у вигляді зміненої версії, що отримала назву IBM 7950 Harvest — Агентству національної безпеки у 1962-му. У атомному центрі Алдермастон (Велика Британія) комп'ютер інтенсивно використовувався для досліджень, після того, як було розроблено компілятор з Фортрана «S2» з підтримкою динамічних масивів.

Збудовані IBM 7030 вийшли значно повільнішими, ніж очікувалося, і так і не змогли досягнути запланованих показників швидкодії (досить агресивних для часу). Компанія IBM була змушена знизити ціну з 13,5 мільйонів доларів США до 7,78 мільйонів, і припинити продаж машини (крім замовників, що вже підписали контракти). Журнал PC World назвав IBM Stretch однією з найбільших невдач проект-менеджменту в історії інформаційних технологій.

Всередині самої IBM той факт, що їх випередила невелика Control Data Corporation, сприймався досить важко.
Керівника проєкту Стівена Данвелла (Stephen W. Dunwell), було спочатку звинувачено у «провалі», але коли стало зрозуміло, що успіх наступника Stretch — лінійки System/360 — є безумовним — реабілітовано (керівництво IBM офіційно вибачилось перед Данвеллом, і навіть надало йому титул IBM Fellow у 1966-му році).

Незважаючи на недостатню швидкодію, багато ідей і технологій Stretch знайшли подальший розвиток у лінійці машин IBM System/360, що дебютувала 1964-го року.

Історія розробки
На початку 1955 року доктор Едвард Теллер з Радіаційної Лабораторії Каліфорнійського Університету розпочав пошук системи для наукових обчислень в галузі гідродинаміки. Теллер звернувся до IBM та UNIVAC; система мала називатись Livermore Automatic Reaction Calculator, або LARC. Катберт Герд (Cuthbert Hurd), виконавчий директор у IBM, оцінив вартість такої системи приблизно у 2,5 мільйонів доларів, а продуктивність — 1..2 MIPS. Систему мало бути здано до експлуатації через «два-три роки» після підписання контракту.

На заводі IBM у Поукіпзі невелика команда, до якої входили Джон Ґріффіт і Джин Амдаль, почала роботу над дизайном. У момент коли вони закінчили і були готові представити проект, інженер Ральф Палмер зупинив їх зі словами «це помилка». Запропонований дизайн мав бути реалізований або на точкових, або на поверхнево-бар'єрних транзисторах — обидва ці типи, як на той час вже стало відомо, поступалися у швидкодії щойно винайденим дифузійним транзисторам.

IBM проінформувала Ліверморську лабораторію, що розриває контракт, але натомість запропонувала кардинально кращу систему: «Ми не будуватимемо ту машину для вас, ми хочемо збудувати щось набагато краще! Ми не знаємо точно, скільки зусиль і коштів це потребуватиме, але оцінюємо, що ще приблизно один мільйон доларів і один рік. Ми не знаємо точно, наскільки швидко вона працюватиме — десь 10 мільйонів інструкцій за секунду»." Втім, ці цифри не вразили Лівермор, і у травні 1955-го лабораторія оголосила, що UNIVAC виграв контракт на LARC, і що нове ім'я проекту — Livermore Automatic Research Computer. LARC було поставлено і здано до експлуатації у червні 1960-го року.

У вересні 1955-го, на хвилі побоювань, що Лос-Аламоська національна лабораторія також замовить LARC, IBM презентувала чорновий варіант швидкодіючого двійкового комп'ютера на основі дизайну, який відхилили у Ліверморі. У Лос-Аламосі зацікавились, і у січні 1956-го проект Stretch було формально розпочато. У листопаді 1956-го IBM підписав контракт, з досить амбітними цілями щодо продуктивності системи на рівні «принаймні у 100 разів вищому, ніж у IBM 704» (тобто 4 MIPS). Здача проекта замовникові планувалася у 1960 році.

Під час проектування і початкових випробувань стало зрозуміло, що тактову частоту процесора доведеться знизити, і що найімовірніше Stretch не досягне поставлених цілей зі швидкодії. Втім, продуктивність мала вийти як мінімум на рівні 60-кратної IBM 704. У 1960-му було встановлено ціну, 13,5 мільйона доларів. У 1961-му запуск програми тесту продуктивності показав, що реальна швидкодія буде лише на рівні 30-кратної IBM 704 (тобто 1,2 MIPS). Це викликало розгублення і збентеження у IBM, і, як наслідок, у травні 1961-го Уотсон анонсував зниження ціни на всі замовлені IBM 7030 (до 7,8 мільйона доларів), і припинення продажу машини новим замовникам.

Додавання операндів з рухомою комою у IBM 7030 здійснювалося за 1,38..1,5 мікросекунд, множення — 2,48..2,70 мікросекунд, ділення — за 9..9,9 мікросекунд.

Вплив на технологію
Незважаючи на загальне сприйняття IBM 7030 як невдалої системи, багато технологічних рішень і ідей з цієї машини знайшли своє застосування в успішних комп'ютерах майбутнього. Транзисторні логічні схеми, побудовані зі стандартних блоків (Стандартна Модульна Система, SMS) стали основою лінійки машин IBM 7090 (наукові комп'ютери), IBM 7070 і 7080 (бізнес-комп'ютери), сімейств IBM 7040 і IBM 1400, а також невеликого наукового комп'ютера IBM 1620. Феритова пам'ять моделі 7302 Model I застосовувалася також у IBM 7090, IBM 7070 and IBM 7080. Багатозадачність, захист пам'яті, узагальнена схема переривань, восьмибітний байт для вводу-виводу — всі ці інновації знайшли подальший розвиток у лінійці IBM System/360.

Стівен Данвелл, менеджер проекту, якого зробили «цапом-відбувайлом» за невдачі IBM 7030 на ринку, невдовзі після феноменально успішного початку продаж серії System/360 у 1964-му році відзначив, що більшість ключових компонентів серії було випробувано у машині Stretch. 1966-го перед ним вибачились і надали титул IBM Fellow — висока відзнака, що дозволяє вести дослідження на власний вибір використовуючи ресурси компанії.

Конвеєр команд, попередня вибірка і декодування інструкції, паралельні банки пам'яті — ці інновації знайшли своє застосування в пізніших проектах суперкомп'ютерів, таких як IBM System/360 моделі 91 і 95, IBM System/370 моделі 195, і серії IBM 3090, а також у комп'ютерах інших виробників. У більшості сучасних мікропроцесорів ці технології також активно використовуються.

Конструкція апаратури

Процесор IBM 7030 побудований на основі схем емітерно-зв'язаної логіки.
Всього було 18 типів «стандартних модульних плат» (SMS, Standard Modular System): 4025 двосторонніх (на ілюстрації) і 18747 односторонніх, на яких розміщувалося 169100 транзисторів. Машина споживала 21 кВт від мережі. Транзистори — германієві, дрейфові, підвищеної швидкодії (з робочою частотою до 100 МГц), як n-p-n, так і p-n-p структури, кожен споживав потужність приблизно 50 мВт. У деяких схемах використовувався «третій рівень напруги». Мінімальна затримка проходження логічного сигналу була на рівні 20 нс. У частинах схеми, що вимагали особливо високої швидкодії, застосовувалась логіка на емітерних повторювачах (це дозволяло знизити затримку ще на 10 нс).

Тип феритової пам'яті — аналогічний машині IBM 7090.

Інсталяції
 Лос-Аламоська національна лабораторія, поставка: квітень 1961, початок роботи: травень 1961, зупинка системи: 21 червня 1971.
 Агентство національної безпеки Сполучених Штатів: з лютого 1962 року (процесор системи IBM 7950 Harvest) по 1976 рік (система автоматичної подачі картриджів магнітної стрічки IBM 7955 почала давати збої через зношеність компонентів, тому всю систему HARVEST було вирішено списати).
 Ліверморська національна лабораторія.
 Центр Атомної Зброї Алдермастон, Англія.
 Бюро погоди Сполучених Штатів.
 Корпорація MITRE: машина експлуатувалася до серпня 1971-го; навесні 1972-го продана університету Брігама Янга, де використовувалася у департаменті фізики аж до зупинки і розбирання у 1982-му.
 Військово-морські сили США, центр у Далґрені, Вірджинія.
 IBM.
 Комісаріат атомної енергетики Франції.

IBM 7030 з лабораторії Лоуренса Лівермора (окрім феритової пам'яті) і частини машини, що працювала у MITRE Corporation / Університеті Брігама Янга, зараз знаходяться у колекції Музею комп'ютерної історії у Маунтін-В'ю, Каліфорнія.

Архітектура

Формати даних
 Числа з рухомою комою — змінної ширини, зберігаються або у двійковій (від 1 до 64 біт), або у десятковій (від 1 до 16 цифр) формі, без знаку або зі знаком. При використанні десяткової форми цифри — змінної розрядності (від 4 до 8 біт).
 Числа з рухомою комою мають 1 біт «прапорця експоненти», 10 біт власне експоненти, 1 біт знаку експоненти, 48 біт величини, і 4-бітний знак (у форматі знак/величина).
 Алфавітно-цифрові символи — змінної розрядності (8 біт або менше).
 Змінна ширина байта (від 1 до 8 біт).

Формат інструкцій
Ширина інструкції — 32 або 64 біти.

Регістри
Регістри відображаються на перші 32 адреси пам'яті.

Пам'ять
Об'єм феритової пам'яті — від 16K to 256K 64-розрядних слів, банками по 16K.

Модулі пам'яті було занурено в мастило, для стабілізації операційних характеристик і уникнення перепаду температур.

Програмове забезпечення
 STRETCH Assembly Program (STRAP)
 MCP (не плутати з системою з такою самою назвою для машин Burroughs — Burroughs MCP)
 Мови програмування COLASL і IVY
 Фортран

Див. також
 IBM 608, перший обчислювальний пристрій на транзисторах (калькулятор з можливістю перекомутації схем), доступний на ринку

Примітки

Джерела

Посилання

 Усне інтерв'ю з Джином Амдалем Інститут Чарльза Беббіджа, Університет Міннесоти, Міннеаполіс. Джин Амдаль розповідає про свою роль у проектуванні різних машин IBM, зокрема 7030 (STRETCH), IBM 701, 701A, і IBM 704.
 IBM Stretch Collections @ Computer History Museum
 Collection index page
 The IBM 7030 FORTRAN System
 7030 Data Processing System  (IBM Archives)
 IBM Stretch (aka IBM 7030 Data Processing System)
 Organization Sketch of IBM Stretch
 BRL report on the IBM Stretch
 Planning a Computer System — Project Stretch, 1962 book.
 Scan of copy autographed by several of the contributors
 Searchable PDF file
 Документація IBM 7030 (у форматі PDF) на сайті Bitsavers.org

Суперкомп'ютери
IBM
IBM 700/7000 (серія)


Having done this transition back to America a few times now, I thought I had a good plan for our first few weeks. JR was scheduled to fly us to Ohio, then fly to DC two days later and spend about a month there with training, consultations and a work conference. We didn't want to be apart that long so we bought tickets for the kids and I to meet him there over MLK weekend. I also wanted to get our doctor's appointments scheduled and done as soon as possible, in case there were any issues that would require follow up. This included meeting with William's allergist to hopefully do a food challenge to test his egg allergy.
Well you know what they say about plans – everything kind of fell apart. As you are likely aware, the government partially shutdown at the end of December and just reopened after 35 days. All of Justin's work trip was canceled, although incrementally as the powers that be hoped things would resolve and then they didn't. This made it difficult for us to anticipate whether we'd still go to DC, whether he'd still be with us, and just generally made planning impossible. Jet lag also hit us really hard, so trying to maintain a schedule right away was tough. We wanted Abby to start preschool here and we also signed her up for gymnastics (happy to report she is enjoying both) but that meant a lot of in and out of the car and places we needed to be at certain times that first week. Both kids were scheduled for well-child checks, and we had to take William for a blood draw for his allergy test a week before appointment with the doctor. They tried both arms and couldn't get enough blood – super stressful for everyone and especially him. We had to take him back the next day to do it again and thankfully they managed to get what they needed.
Once the results of the blood test were in, we took William to Cleveland to meet with his allergist, Dr. Eli Silver, for a food challenge. We prepared a scambled egg and they checked on us several times over a 2 hour period as we gave him increasing amounts. Happy to report that William is officially allowed to eat eggs now! A huge thank you to Dr. Silver, who started working with us when William was just six months old. He initially had an allergy to eggs and showed a likelihood of developing a peanut allergy, but thanks to Dr. Silver and his recommendations, we are free of the epi-pen and he's cleared to eat anything he wants! This mostly includes Goldfish and air, but he does seem happy about the eggs.
As I mentioned, Abby started preschool here right after we arrived. She goes 3 mornings a week (quite a change from her full time schedule in Tbilisi) but she is really enjoying it. We were wondering how well she'd do the first week – it's a lot of change and new things at once, but it helped so much that she has a friend here, Eden, that she's known since she was first born! Since we video chat with my Mom almost every day and she sometimes watches Eden, they're able to keep in touch. They have the sweetest friendship and having Eden with her as she started at her new school helped her so much.
First day of preschool, and a bonus pic of these two when they were only a few weeks old!
After a rough first week of adjusting, we are all settling in nicely now. Abby in particular is cracking me up with her observations about the world and some of the new things she's learning. Her preschool is based in a church so she's coming home with some new questions for us. We're doing our best to navigate them.
Abby: Did you know that when you are dead you are not really dead, you just go to another country?
Me: Do you mean Heaven? It's not really another country. Some people believe our spirit, what makes you you on the inside, goes there when you die. But dead is dead, sweetie.
Abby: What do we do in Heaven?
Me: No one really knows. People believe you are really happy there though.
Abby: Oh, so we can watch tv and have snacks there?
She also continues to bring her own unique style to each day.
Other things we're enjoying (sort of) are lots of snow and cold in Ohio. The kids made snowmen and "helped" JR shovel. The cold has been fun and all, but I'm definitely not looking forward to this "polar vortex" they are expecting the next 3 days!
Yes, our snowman is wearing a skirt.
A real highlight for Abby was a trip to Cleveland with her Nana. They visited the Children's Museum, stayed in a hotel, and saw Disney on Ice. These two are living their best lives!


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Home Tech Talk
Clearview AI Is Likely To Receive A Patent For Its Contentious Face Recognition Technology
Clearview AI, the firm behind a contentious face recognition system that scans social networking sites for photos of people to add to its database, is about to get a patent for its technique. On Saturday, the company stated that it had received a notice of authorization from the US Trademark and Patent Office, indicating that Clearview's application will be approved if the company pays administrative costs.
Politico first reported the notice on Saturday, saying that critics are concerned that obtaining the patent may hasten the development of comparable technologies before lawmakers have had time to grapple with them.
Clearview AI's technology, which is utilized by law enforcement organizations like the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security, has been chastised for searching social networking sites and capturing photographs of individuals without their knowledge to feed its database of billions of images. However, Facebook, Twitter, and others have sent cease-and-desist letters in response to the strategy. Officials in Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada have also chastised the corporation for violating data privacy regulations.
Hoan Ton, the CEO of Clearview, has stated that their system is intended to identify criminal suspects rather than be used as a surveillance tool and that the business is "dedicated to the proper usage" of its technology, which includes working with policymakers on facial recognition regulations.
"We do not expect to produce a consumer-grade version of Clearview AI," the business said in a statement to CNET on Saturday. ACCORDING TO POLITICO, Clearview AI's patent application has wording that indicates uses other than police suspect identification.
"In so many instances, it may be desirable for an individual to learn more about a person they meet, including through company, dating, or other relationships." The patent application states that traditional methods such as asking questions, conducting internet searches, or conducting background checks can fall short.
Facial recognition systems have been chastised for their inaccuracy, which has resulted in false arrests and other issues. In particular, when it comes to recognizing persons of color and women, the systems have struggled. Privacy activists are also concerned about the possibility of suffocating dissent by monitoring political demonstrations and marches, for example. On the other hand, law enforcement personnel claim that the systems have been utilized to solve crimes ranging from stealing to child sexual exploitation to murder.
Clearview informed Politico that the company is unaware of any cases in which their technology has resulted in a wrongful arrest. The outlet noted that the Commerce Department's National Institute of Standards and Technology judged Clearview's technology highly accurate in a recent audit. "As a person of mixed ethnicity," Ton-That has stated, "accuracy is essential to me."
The ideal way to govern face recognition is still for debate among lawmakers. There are guidelines in place in a few states and some towns in the United States, but no federal laws control the technology yet. Even though the systems are widely used, and a rising number of US agencies rely on them, this is the case. In June, the Government Accountability Office said that 20 US agencies were utilizing face recognition systems but that many of them lacked critical data on them.
The GAO stated at the time that "thirteen federal agencies are unaware of what non-government systems using face recognition technology are used by personnel." "As a result, these authorities have not thoroughly considered the possible hazards of employing these tools, such as privacy and accuracy problems."
In rising 5G smartphones, Qualcomm's Snapdragon 888 Plus could expedite gameplay and AI:
Smartphones are receiving a speed boost. Qualcomm's newest and highest-end mobile CPU, the Snapdragon 888 Plus, was unveiled on Monday. The Snapdragon 888, which debuted in premium phones like the Samsung Galaxy S21 earlier this year, uses this technology.
The CPU (brains) of the Snapdragon 888 Plus has been increased to 3GHz from 2.84GHz in the Snapdragon 888. Users will be able to undertake more intense tasks, such as streaming video and playing games, due to the upgrade. Qualcomm has increased artificial intelligence capabilities by over 20%, allowing for more immersive video chats and entertainment. "It's all aimed to give flagship Android smartphones throughout the world the most premium mobile experiences."
Even though the MWC is being hosted in Barcelona this week, most international corporations have chosen to participate rather than send personnel to the Spanish metropolis. Qualcomm, along with Samsung, Google, and Ericsson, is one of the companies involved. The conference, which is anticipated to bring together executives from phone manufacturers, chipmakers, networking providers, app and software developers, and other mobile-focused businesses, will most likely focus on 5G.
The continued growth of 5G is more crucial than ever now that the coronavirus has had such a significant impact on our surroundings. The next-generation cell connection, which claims speeds up to 100 times faster than 4G and quick reaction times, may benefit everything from introductory video conferencing to complex augmented and virtual reality.
Few phones in the United States have been produced this year that do not support 5G, and smartphones like Apple's iPhone 12 series have the ultra-fast millimeter-wave version as standard. While many individuals now have 5G phones, there isn't yet a "killer app" showing the technology's possibilities.
Qualcomm previewed Amon's MWC speech for reporters ahead of time, and he spent a lot of it talking about Qualcomm's efforts to spread 5G beyond the phone. PCs, vehicles, innovative internet of things devices, fixed wireless items, and 5G network infrastructure all use the company's cellular technology.
During a press conference ahead of MWC, Amon remarked, "Qualcomm is delivering on the potential that we have today for our technology to reach beyond mobile."
Qualcomm also revealed its second-generation 5G RAN technology for small cells with the Snapdragon 888 Plus. The technology will allow mmWave to be used in more areas, both indoors and out, and in new places throughout the world.
It will also bring additional lower band 5G capabilities in public and private networks, as well as tiny cell densification.
According to Qualcomm, more than 35 carriers and device vendors from across the world have committed to supporting mmWave. Although the technology offers super-fast speeds, it is less stable than 5G's mid-and low-band variants. It can only move a small distance because of obstructions such as trees, windows, and other objects.
While practically all other operators worldwide have selected slower but more dependable forms of 5G, Verizon has been the most vocal proponent of mmWave. Even in the United States, mmWave is only used in densely populated areas or venues such as sports arenas. However, Qualcomm claims that mmWave's coverage will expand.
During a discussion with reporters ahead of MWC, Qualcomm senior director of product marketing Ignacio Contreras remarked, "5G mmWave is often seen as a technology that is highly US-centric."
"However, if you look at the makeup of these corporations that are clearly announcing their support, this is far from a US-centric image."
According to Contreras, Oppo said it aims to offer 5G mmWave devices "shortly," maybe as soon as next year. China Closely integrated plans to roll out mmWave for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing, while China Unicom said it began rolling out mmWave for the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.
The Snapdragon 8 Gen 1 will be Qualcomm's next high-end chip:
Qualcomm's next-generation mobile CPUs will receive more than just a few performance boosts. They'll have a new naming policy as well. During its annual Snapdragon Summit on Tuesday, the chip manufacturer unveiled a makeover for its smartphone CPUs, starting with its flagship Snapdragon 8-series.
Qualcomm's high-end processor, which is scheduled to appear in phones next year, will be known as the Snapdragon 8 Gen 1 under the new scheme. Since 2012, Qualcomm has utilized three numbers to designate CPU advancements, with the Snapdragon 888 being the most recent model. Because those digits are running out, the corporation has opted to start over and use the new moniker.
Qualcomm CPUs have been used in various high-end handsets in the United States, including Samsung and OnePlus. When the new Snapdragon 8 Gen 1 platform is introduced in 2022, smartphones like the future Samsung Galaxy S22 and the previously rumored OnePlus 10 Pro are likely to operate on it. Qualcomm also revealed some of the first specifics about what its next-generation chip would be able to support, in addition to the new moniker.
A new "super night mode," according to the manufacturer, will record 30 photographs and blend "the best bits" to make "brighter photos in dark circumstances" while allowing the camera to focus on "small details without any blurring."
In terms of graphics and games, Qualcomm claims that its new Adreno GPU would render visuals 30 percent quicker and provide 25% more power efficiency than the Snapdragon 888. The Snapdragon 888 with X60 modem could download data at 7.5Gbps over 5G.
While the announcement on Tuesday isn't groundbreaking, the chipmaker has recently begun hinting at some of the more significant enhancements on the way, notably for its Snapdragon processors used in PCs. In March, Qualcomm finalized its $1.4 billion acquisition of Nuvia.
Samsung's upcoming Galaxy Watch, which will be released this summer, has a whole new Google design:
With One UI Watch as its fresh Google-designed OS and layout, Samsung's latest Galaxy watches will be introduced at an unpacked event later this summer. The announcement was made at a virtual Samsung event held in conjunction with last year's Mobile World Congress on Monday.
Samsung has only revealed the software interface for the time being. Although recent plausible speculations claim it would resemble similar to Samsung's more basic Galaxy Watch Active 2 design, the watch's exact appearance remains unknown.
Last week this year, Google and Samsung revealed cooperation to develop future Android Wearable gadgets, with Samsung's Galaxy watch becoming the first to receive the software. Fossil expects to release an alert with the new One UI Watch software later this year. Like the Apple Watch, the One UI interface claims to be more rapidly linked to the associated phone and to access more of the phone's basic settings.
At first sight, one of the user interfaces appears to be Google-like. Slide-up apps, world clocks that sync with the phone and wrist, and universal settings like Do Not Disturb that appear on both the watch and the phone simultaneously are just a few of the features shown.
Most Wear OS apps are available via the One UI Watch software, which loads apps from Google Play. One of the user interfaces looks similar to that of Google at first glance. Slide-up apps, world clocks that sync with the phone and wrist, and universal settings like Do Not Disturb that appear on both the watch and the phone simultaneously are just a few of the features shown.
Many (but not all) Wear OS apps are available via the One UI Watch software, which loads apps from Google Play.
In a statement released by Samsung, Google's Sameer Samat said of the new watch, "We're happy to deliver longer battery life, quicker performance, and a wide array of applications, including those from Google, to a whole new wearable experience."
Some Samsung applications from prior Galaxy Watches will be accessible for One UI Watch via Google Play. However, it's unclear which ones. Samsung also demonstrated its watch face designer software for developers and hobbyists, although it's difficult to gauge the designer's capabilities based on a glance in Samsung's demo video.
Holders of Necessary to entirely watch, including the present Galaxy Watch 3 or Active 2, will not be left in the cold, as firmware upgrades and maintenance will be available for up to 30 months from the initial release date.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


HONG KONG (AP) — Shares in the state-owned monopoly that operates China's vast network of mobile phone towers are flat as the company makes its stock market debut in Hong Kong after raising $6.9 billion from investors.
China Tower Corp. was trading at 1.27 Hong Kong dollars (16.2 U.S. cents) per share at midday on Wednesday, little-changed from its initial public offering price of 1.26 Hong Kong dollars (16 U.S. cents).
China Tower says it operates 1.9 million cell tower sites across China, the biggest mobile phone market. It has given no indication of plans to expand abroad.
The IPO surpassed the $5.4 billion raised last month by Xiaomi Corp., the Chinese smartphone brand, in its Hong Kong debut.


TIP! Take the time to make every project your own, instead of simply copying what someone else has done. You will enjoy your home much more if it reflects who you are.
It doesn't matter whether you are a novice at home improvement work or you have already successfully completed a variety of projects, it can be difficult to find the inspiration that you need to start something new. You'll find in this article some ideas to inspire you and get you ready for the next big challenge.
TIP! It's crucial that you change the air filters in your home. This will bring in healthier air and keep your air conditioners and heaters running efficiently.
It is vital that you always change the air filters. Changing the air filters regularly will make your home environment much more healthy while also making your heating and cooling unit function properly. Many repair calls are due to dirt accumulating in a furnace or air conditioner due to a messy filter.
TIP! Boring, simple lampshades have no personality. Brighten up a lamp shade by using stencils and acrylic paint.
Think about getting a washer that also functions as a dryer if you do not have much room. Combo units are great for tight-fitting spaces. The combo can both wash and dry clothes.
TIP! You need to improve your home in visible ways. If you are trying to sell your home you do not want people to be put off by unattractive features.
While painting, you should always remember to protect your floors. This will be your front line of defense against paint stains. A cheap way to get this done is using old newspapers in your layers. You can use a plastic sheet or paint cloth to block your floor if paint splashes.
TIP! When paintings or decorations have left holes in your walls from hanging, paint and spackle can clear them up. Pick up some spackle first.
Insulation is something worth investing in. Windows and doors should all be weather-stripped. When you minimize the air flow in and out of your home, you can run your environmental and temperature controls with far better efficiency. This will help you keep your bills down.
TIP! Before you buy any supplies, look around for a better deal. New flooring is very expensive if you do not shop around for good deals.
When you are listing your home for sale, be sure that you define purposes for the different rooms in the house. For example, your office should have the right furniture and accessories for a typical home office. This can help buyers imagine what it's like to live there and give them ideas of how to use the space. Your house will be more attractive to buyers and that increases your chances of selling.
TIP! One habit which is good for maintaining your home improvement project, is setting aside a specific budget for upgrades and repairs. Homeowners who allocate a specific amount of money for such projects will likely be better at maintaining their homes.
Try to use only natural materials for any home improvement projects being done inside. Building materials that consist of ceramic, stone and wood are far superior to their artificial counterparts. They are also stronger and more attractive. Expensive natural materials can end up being cheaper due to their longevity.
TIP! If you plan to renovate by yourself, list the steps for finishing the project and have an experienced builder or contractor look at it. You don't want to miss a step and then find out that this is going to be an expensive mistake to fix.
Red and white cedar wood are great fencing materials for environments that are very dry and fire-prone. Cedar wood is good for its smell and since it is strong, it also is safe for fires.
Windows that retain hot or cool air can save money while making a home look nice. It can definitely be a rewarding home improvement.
TIP! Seal grout after laying tile. Moisture can infiltrate grout if not sealed.
Don't overwhelm your room with furniture. Too much furniture can make a room look much tinier. You may like the style of the furniture, but people interested in buying your home are more concerned with available living space. Less furniture will give the impression of a bigger room.
TIP! It can be extremely costly to replace an entire room with carpet, wood, or even tile. One easy and affordable option is to remove the existing flooring and stain the concrete.
Whether you're a beginner or a pro, a home improvement project can sometimes feel like a big burden. You can find the advice you need within this article so you can make the most out of your home improvement jobs.


Come and meet our inspiring tutors, from Australia and further afield. Internationally and nationally recognised award winners... and fabulous tutors!
Sue is a meticulously talented textile artist. A lover of both traditional quilts and art quilts, her eye for detail has won her many prizes including 2017 Best of Queensland.
Internationally recognised award winning Artist and a wonderful teacher, who is not content to let all her students create a mass produced image. Encouraging individual style and development of techniques her classes are not to be missed.
First time in Australia (coming in 2020) Barbara is a master at bringing out the quirks and personalities of the animal kingdom.
Whether it be your favourite family member or something a little wilder, you will be delighted to create in colour and fabric with Barbara.


Avalon Membership Platform (AVA) - A Membership Platform.
Avalon is a premier members-only platform, and the first GPO (group purchasing organization) that represents the cryptocurrency consumer-base and its purchasing power. The Avalon Platform will allow members to realize discounts on goods and services they purchase, as well as the opportunity to earn tokens by participating in promotions, scanning proof of purchases, playing games, utilizing p2p smart contracts and so much more, all housed under one exclusive roof. By leveraging the accumulative purchasing power of those supporting the Avalon Network (our membership base), we will negotiate and advocate on our member's behalves to secure exclusive discounts on goods and services, as well as become an advocacy group for cryptocurrency. Using our people, our data and our ability to connect members of the many cryptocurrency communities into one powerful location, Avalon will allow cryptocurrency and its users to increase its utility without requiring vendors to change their infrastructure.
This page was last modified on 20 October 2017, at 14:50.


Key responsibilities: - Process accounts payable invoices and travel expenses; - Process internal accounting documents (corrections, reclassifications etc.); - Controlling the booking of the documents processed in order to assure the accuracy; - Update processes and procedures; - Develops good client relationships; - Subject to regular local supervision of progress against results.
Minimum 1-year experience performing reporting within the contact center industryExperience working within a customer service environment would be of benefitAdvanced analytical skillsStrong communication skillsAbility to prioritize deliverable and plan accordinglyWillingness to work on a shifting schedule as needed (10:00 – 19:00 ; 16:00 – 01:00).


Rethinking Weimar: A Return to Postwar Humanism?
A Return to Postwar Humanism?
I am interested by the statement made by the leftist London cultural historian Ken Worpole, in his response early last year to new editions of novels by Alexander Baron [here], that 'we sorely need' a 'return' to the 'vital postwar humanist "moment" in European cinema, fiction and intellectual life'. I can certainly identify the category of postwar humanism in terms of (what I have called elsewhere on this blog) 'English existentialism': Murdoch, Wilson, and quite probably Gascoyne, Read and Baron himself. Karl Jaspers is presented by Chris Thornhill as an – perhaps the – exemplary German humanist thinker of the immediate postwar period. But as I read more deeply in Thornhill's books, I am realizing that the postwar German moment of reconstruction was far from straightforwardly humanist: there is also the functionalist strand of social thought, or social philosophy, which culminates in Luhmann's antihumanism. I wonder too whether, within the British context, Worpole's category of postwar humanism is not rendered similarly paradoxical by the development of welfare state ideology: the British functionalism?
This resonates, I feel, with my own strangely innocent and contactless life, as a London-born, guilt-born son of an East German refugee, and in particular with the idea of a 'vocation of obscurity', which I propounded in my book Iain Sinclair and then, on this blog, in relation to Hamann's early form of Christian existentialism. It is as if already with Hamann, humanism is contiguous with a more Eastern-style, Zen or Daoist detachment from the subject, an abdication of agency; in the same way, perhaps, as a dialectic of humanism (manifesting for example as post-Kierkegaardian decisionism) and antihumanism (Heideggerian indifferentism/fatalism; Schmitt?) later emerged to vividly characterize interwar German thinking.


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According to a new poll of Catholic voters carried out by Belden Russonello and Stewart for Catholics for Choice, Catholics support both a public option in healthcare reform and a plan that would include funding for abortion. The results show that the views of Catholics have been seriously misrepresented by the US bishops and by conservative Catholics in the debate over healthcare reform. A large majority of those polled, 84 percent, attend church regularly, from several times a week to a few times a year.
While Catholic voters are split on President Obama's ideas for healthcare reform, they do want to see costs lowered and overwhelmingly support a government plan that would make health insurance available to the uninsured.
Opinion is split on whether insurance plans should cover abortion whenever a woman and her doctor decide it is appropriate (50 percent support and 50 percent oppose).
Catholic voters believe the US Catholic bishops are wrong on healthcare reform. Sixty-eight percent disapprove of US bishops saying that all Catholics should oppose the entire healthcare reform plan if it includes coverage for abortion and 56 percent think the bishops should not take a position on healthcare reform legislation in Congress.
Despite what many conservatives argue, Catholic voters are against refusal clauses for institutions that take taxpayer dollars. Sixty-five percent said that hospitals and clinics that take taxpayer dollars should not be allowed to refuse certain procedures or medications based on religious beliefs. In addition, 60 percent believe that hospitals and clinics that take taxpayer dollars should be required to include condoms as part of HIV prevention.
The full findings of the poll are available at www.CatholicsforChoice.org.


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text:
Home Zhu, Xiaowen
Xiaowen Zhu
I was born and raised in Shanghai, studied art in Germany and USA, lived and worked in Los Angeles in the past two years, and am currently based in London. I majored in Film/TV Production and Media Art at Tongji University and received an MFA in Art Video from Syracuse University, New York. I like running, making music, reading, writing, gaining new experience and learning from making and viewing art.
I was very into writing when I was in high school and dreamed of becoming a writer, which I still do. Then I just started filming stories that I wrote and felt more absorbed and challenged than simply writing. But soon my focus shifted to documenting reality rather than creating fiction. Now my primary interest is in questioning the boundary between reality and fiction by making projects blurring these notions. I believe this is essential to our understanding of truth.
3. What kinds of topics have your films?
My current project, titled Oriental Silk, follows the personal narrative of Mr. Wong, the shop owner of the first silk importing company in Los Angeles, USA. The story reflects on the family legacy of first-generation Chinese immigrants realizing the American dream, the rise and fall of a once legendary shop closely connected to the entertainment industry in Hollywood, as well as Mr.Wong's own relationship with the shop and his family.
Presented as a 2-channel video installation, the piece portrays Mr Wong's state of being inside Oriental Silk – a shop that serves as a museum for worshipping traditional craftsmanship and cultural value that is largely undermined in contemporary China. The notion of holding on to the past and appreciating traditional culture is meditated through his memories of the family legacy, his criticism of the throw-away society, his interaction with customers, and simply, his existence in the shop that he holds dear to his heart.
For more projects I encourage viewers to check out my website: www.zhuxiaowen.com
I really work more with videos than films. Depending on the nature of the project, sometimes it's more like a free fall, sometimes I'm a control freak. But generally speaking, I believe that I have a quite unique style in the way I see things, portray them with camera lens, edit with certain pace that is appropriate for the subject-matter, and etc. It has become part of my creative principles and philosophy from years of practice. Essentially, it has to do with how I view my relationship with the world. For instance, I don't necessarily differentiate the importance of a person or an object, for they both can serve as media to convey messages. I almost always have people in my videos, but almost never have them in my photos, but I don't think these two media communicate completely different topics. In both types of work, I express the complicated experience of being an international and to wrestle with the notion of a disembodied identity.
Currently I mostly use my Canon 6D. It's important that I use a full-frame camera for both video and photo. I have used higher-quality video cameras for different projects. Usually it also depends on the budget.
6. These days digital technology is dominating also video as a medium. In which way the digital aspect is entering the creation of your videos, technologically and/or conceptually?
I have always shot digital and I have always loved it. When I shot some 8mm films for fun, they looked overly artistic to my taste. Even though this may sound completely obnoxious, I think film is dying and we should treat it like antique, or something beautiful to look at in a museum. That's why I like Morgan Fisher's work.
Grant, fellowship, scholarship, money that I made from day job, freelance work, savings. It's also extremely helpful to be assisted by other filmmakers and artist friends. No one wants to think about where to get the money, but it has to come from somewhere.
8. Do you work individually as a video artist/film maker or do you work in a team?
I mostly work individually, but for some projects I received grant to hire assistants. For me personally, I don't have preference on one way or another, as long as I have enough freedom in how I want to achieve the goal. Sometimes the freedom is realized by working alone, sometimes it's supported by sufficient funding, in which case you have a team to work with you.
I used to think it's other artists and teachers. I have a long list of people whom I will forever thank. Yet recently I have come to realize that I am the lasting influence on my art, because I drive myself to create and reflect. It doesn't mean that I think I am the most important factor in my art, on the contrary, I feel very humble about it. I hate to say that I hate egoistic art and self-absorbed artists, but I really do. The point is that we are fully responsible for what we make and how we make it, and every influence shedding light on our creation is, in the end, a reflection on ourselves.
I would like to work freely between documentary and video art across different platforms. I like to think video as an object, a time-based sculpture, a space between moments – a meditation through life. I don't want to be limited by one medium. I would like to expand it and integrate it with the philosophy of art and life that I pursue.
List some links & resources
My website: www.zhuxiaowen.com


A compelling and lucid account of the life and teachings of a founder of rabbinic Judaism and one of the most beloved heroes of Jewish history Born in the Land of Israel around the year 50 C.E., Rabbi Akiva was the greatest rabbi of his time and one of the most important influences on Judaism as we know it today. Traditional sources tell how he was raised in poverty and unschooled in religious tradition but began to learn the Torah as an adult. In the aftermath of the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 C.E., he helped shape a new direction for Judaism through his brilliance and his character. Mystic, legalist, theologian, and interpreter, he disputed with his colleagues in dramatic fashion yet was admired and beloved by his peers. Executed by Roman authorities for his insistence on teaching Torah in public, he became the exemplar of Jewish martyrdom. Drawing on the latest historical and literary scholarship, this book goes beyond older biographies, untangling a complex assortment of ancient sources to present a clear and nuanced portrait of Talmudic hero Rabbi Akiva.
Illustrations : 2 b-w illus.


text:
PCB Eyeing a Foreign Head Coach
Mickey Arthur
They are looking for a replacement for current head coach Mickey Arthur.
The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) announced that they will be hiring a new head coach after the unanimous decision to not renew the following contracts:
head coach Mickey Arthur
bowling coach Azhar Mahmood
batting coach Grant Flower
trainer Grant Luden
PCB Chairman Ehsan Mani reviewed the recommendation and approved it. They will now be looking for replacements in the mentioned positions.
Pakistan exited the World Cup in fifth place, tieing New Zealand in points but only loosing because of Net Run-rate. "I am thankful to the PCB Cricket Committee for submitting their recommendations following an exhaustive and detailed review process. The committee comprised of individuals who possess tremendous acumen, experience and knowledge. The unanimous recommendation of the Committee was that it was time for new leadership and a fresh approach. I am happy to accept their strong recommendations," Mani said.
"On behalf of the PCB, I want to sincerely thank Mickey Arthur, Grant Flower, Grant Luden and Azhar Mahmood for their hard work and unwavering commitment during their tenures with the national men's team. We wish them every success in their future endeavours. The PCB remains committed to its fans and followers and we will do our utmost to ensure that we make decisions that continue to move Pakistan cricket forward in all formats."
Arthur, who was not expecting the sudden news, was disappointed with the PCB's decision to not renew his contract. "I am extremely disappointed and hurt. I did my wholehearted effort to lift Pakistan cricket," he said.
The Pakistan cricket team, like many other teams, are entering a rebuilding stage following their poor performance in the ICC Cricket World Cup. They have upcoming matches later this year and are eagerly preparing for them. To find out more about the different matches, leagues, and tournaments, visit Betwala's page.
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