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The contract, the whole contract and nothing but.....?
Richard Craven
A written construction contract is, you might say, rather like a millpond. All may look fine on the surface, but what lies beneath it can upset the contractual calm. The words written down may not tell the whole story. One party may have exerted illegitimate pressure, or said something incorrect, or made a promise that cut across what the written contract said, in order to get the other party to sign up. Duress, misrepresentation or a collateral contract, for example, can all make waves but, of all the unseen contractual ingredients, possibly the most challenging are implied terms.
In theory, although not written down, their detection should not be a problem. There is, according to Lord Hoffmann, just one question: what the contract, read as a whole against the relevant background, would reasonably be understood to mean. It is a forensic exercise, looking at the contract through the eyes, not of the parties, but of an objective third party armed with the parties' background knowledge (perhaps these days a commuter on a Boris bike, rather than the pensioned-off (or privatised) Clapham omnibus).
Implied terms might be seen as the "of course" clauses, found beneath the surface of contracts governed by English contract law. Take the law on damages and remoteness, for instance. If the parties have not written a term in their contract to deal with the types of losses for which a contract breaker accepts potential liability, then, according to the Court of Appeal in Grimes v Gubbins, the law in effect implies a term to determine the answer. Normally, applying the well-worn case law starting with Hadley v Baxendale, this implied term is an acceptance of responsibility for the types of losses reasonably foreseeable at the contract date as not unlikely to result from a breach. Unless, however, there is evidence that the implied assumption of responsibility is inappropriate for a particular type of loss.
Or take the tricky issue of a duty of good faith. Lord Justice Jackson has recently confirmed, in the Court of Appeal in Compass Group UK v Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust (which involved the hospital's contractual right to levy performance-related deductions under a facilities management contract), that English contract law has no general doctrine of "good faith" (unlike, for instance, Sharia law, the U.S., France or Australia). Such a duty needs to be expressly agreed, although a duty of good faith is implied by law in certain categories of contract, for instance, employment and partnership.
But in Yam Seng v International Trade Corporation, Mr Justice Leggatt could see no difficulty, following the established English law approach to implying terms in fact, in implying a good faith duty in any ordinary commercial contract, based on the parties' presumed intention.
Applying Lord Hoffmann's simple test for implied terms may not, however, be as straightforward as it sounds. The law reports remind us that different judges and different courts may come to different views as to what our contract law avatar might reasonably understand a contract to mean. In the Compass case, Mr Justice Cranston had originally concluded that there was an implied term. The Court of Appeal, overruling him, said there was not.
So what does this mean for construction contracts? If implied terms are detected they should, in theory, come as no surprise because the court is only drawing out what the contract, objectively, would reasonably be understood to mean, taking into account the parties' background knowledge. This underlines the need for the good old-fashioned virtue of recording agreements clearly and comprehensively so that a court does not have to look beneath the surface. Still waters, they say, run deep and, as a venerable great-aunt used to add, there's often mud at the bottom.
Legal developments in construction law: June 2019
Legal developments in construction law


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Enthusiastic Ideas
More Enthusiastic Ideas
Diligently Seeking God
Reaching Forward
Christ and the Cross
Tactfulness (July 5)
"The point of tact is not sharp" (Colleen Carney).
I DON'T KNOW OF ANYTHING MORE WIDELY PRAISED YET RARELY PRACTICED THAN TACT. Nearly everybody thinks tact is a good idea, but hardly anybody uses it. This may be because tact is such a hard habit to learn. It's one of the biggest challenges in the world.
Tact would be much easier if it only meant remaining silent and leaving some things unsaid. But while there is more to tact than this, as we shall see in a moment, most of us have room for improvement even at this preliminary stage. Just because a thought enters our head, that doesn't necessarily mean it should be verbalized. It's only a fool (and a rude one at that) who says everything that comes into his mind. Common sense tells us some things are better off left unsaid.
But there is more to tact than silence. As Samuel Butler said, "Silence is not always tact and it is tact that is golden, not silence." If there is something you think about me — perhaps a criticism — you've got to decide whether to say it. After considering the matter, you may decide not to say it: perhaps it's not clear whether the criticism is justified, it's not very important in the greater scheme of things, or it's simply not your place to talk to me about it. By your silence, you've been tactful. But if you remain silent about something you should talk to me about, that's not tact. As Frank Medlicott wisely noted, "Some people mistake weakness for tact. If they are silent when they ought to speak and so feign an agreement they do not feel, they call it being tactful. Cowardice would be a much better name."
When we speak, however, it takes wisdom to know how to speak. "Tact," as Henry W. Newton said, "is the art of making a point without making an enemy." And as Franklin P. Jones put it, "Tact is the art of building a fire under people without making their blood boil." Doing these things is hard. It calls for great earnestness and effort.
But we must try. We must learn tactfulness. And I want to conclude with this observation: it is with those who mean the most to us that we should be the most tactful. Closeness is no excuse for rudeness.
"Don't flatter yourself that friendship authorizes you to say disagreeable things to your intimates. The nearer you come into relation with a person, the more necessary do tact and courtesy become" (Oliver Wendell Holmes).
Gary Henry – WordPoints.com
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Labor That Finally Fails (January 21)
Since it takes time for the real consequences of our actions to show up, the emptiness of work that disregards God is not always apparent right now. But eventually the failure of godless activity will become clear. The wise are willing to be warned about this.
Feedback (January 21)
Even the most objective people among us need the benefit of external feedback, information from outside ourselves that can help us see if there are any adjustments we need to make in what we're doing. But it takes humility to receive feedback.
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In the NeuroImage study, 60 older men (aged 64-75 years) underwent an exercise test to measure their aerobic fitness. The men, whose physical fitness was found to vary widely, then performed a test to measure their selective attention, executive function and reaction time. This well-known 'color-word matching Stroop test' involved showing the men words meaning color, such as blue, green, red, but asking them to name the color of the letters rather than read the word itself. This is harder than it sounds. When the color of the letters does not match the word — blue, red, green — it takes the brain longer to react. This reaction time is used as a measurement of brain function. Activity in the PFC region of the mens' brains was measured throughout the test using a unique neuroimaging technique called functional near infrared spectroscopy or fNIRS. This technique provides a measure of blood oxygen concentration in surface blood vessels, indicative of activity in the brain's outer layers, using a set of wearable probes in a cap that is placed on the head. Active brain cells require fresh oxygenated blood which dislodges the deoxygenated blood from that region. fNIRS measures the changes in color between oxygenated red blood and blue deoxygenated blood and thus indirectly measures brain activity.
Previous studies have not examined the interaction between the three factors under investigation in this study — aerobic fitness, mental performance and brain activation. Using clever statistical tests called mediation analyses to look at these interactions, the researchers found that aerobically fitter older men can perform better mentally than less fit older men by using the more important brain regions when needed. In fact, the fitter older men are using parts of their brains in the same way as when they were younger.


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Keep track of trials, HC tells Punjab, Haryana & Chandigarh DGPs
Taking up the matter related to cases against sitting and former MPs and MLAs in the region, the Punjab and Haryana high court on Tuesday directed the DGPs and the heads of the departments of the investigating agencies of Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh to give equal thought and importance to the trial of the cases against these politicians.
The high court issued directions that officials and witnesses, when called to appear as witnesses in these cases, should appear in the courts on priority over their responsibilities and other duties that they have to perform.
Delaying the trial results in loss of not only public time apart from the court's time, but also gives an opportunity to the accused to win over the witnesses, at times.
That may be a cause of concern because the process of the investigation, if completed with sincerity, loses its relevance when the cases are to be tried. Even the accused have to suffer because of the delay as they continue to have the stigma of an accused till the final order is passed by the court, either convicting or acquitting them," the HC observed.
The court directed the DGPs of Haryana, Punjab and UT of Chandigarh apart from the directors of the state investigating agencies to file affidavits, spelling out the steps being taken and the progress, if any, not only to expedite the investigation process with the inclusion of scientific methods but also to expedite the trial and ensuring the appearance of not only official witnesses but other prosecution witnesses as well.
During the hearing of the case, the HC was informed by the Punjab police that a total of 102 cases are pending against former and sitting MPs and MLAs in the state. Apart from this, an investigation is pending against former and sitting MPs and MLAs in 19 cases.
A division bench, comprising Justice Augustine George Masih and Justice Vikram Aggarwal, passed these orders while hearing an ongoing petition related to the cases pending against sitting and former MPs and MLAs in Punjab, Haryana, and UT of Chandigarh.
The matter is pending before the HC in a suo motu petition where the HC had sought details from Punjab, Haryana, and Chandigarh about the pendency of cases against these politicians in their respective jurisdictions. The HC took cognizance of the matter in following the directions of the Supreme Court and appointed senior advocate Rupinder Khosla as amicus curiae.
augustine george masih
vikram aggarwal
rupinder khosla


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EPR Spectra of Sintered Cd 1-x Cr x Te Powdered Crystals with Various Cr Content
Materials (Basel). 2021 Jun 22;14(13):3449. doi: 10.3390/ma14133449.
Ireneusz Stefaniuk 1 , Werner Obermayr 2 , Volodymyr D Popovych 3 , Bogumił Cieniek 1 , Iwona Rogalska 1
1 College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16a, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland.
2 Institute for Electronic Engineering, FH Joanneum, Alte Poststraße 147, 8020 Graz, Austria.
3 Department of Machine Science and Fundamental Technologies, Ivan Franko Drogobych State Pedagogical University, Ivan Franko Str. 24, 82100 Drogobych, Ukraine.
DOI: 10.3390/ma14133449
In this paper, we show a simple method of producing ferromagnetic materials with a Curie temperature above room temperature. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of Cd1-xCrxTe (0.002 < x < 0.08) were measured with a dependence on temperature (82 K < T < 381 K). Obtained EPR lines were fitted to a Lorentz-shaped curve. The temperature dependencies of the parameters of the EPR lines, such as the peak-to-peak linewidth (Hpp), the intensity (A), as well as the resonance field (Hr), were studied. Ferromagnetism was noticed in samples at high temperatures (near room temperature). For a sample with a nominal concentration of chrome of x = 0.05, a very strong intrinsic magnetic field is observed. The value of the effective gyromagnetic factor for this sample is ge = 30 at T = 240 K. An increase of chrome concentration above x = 0.05 reduces the ferromagnetic properties considerably. Analysis of the temperature dependencies of the integral intensity of EPR spectra was carried out using the Curie-Weiss law and the paramagnetic Curie temperature was obtained.
Keywords: CdTe:Cr; Curie temperature; diluted magnetic semiconductors; electron paramagnetic resonance; ferromagnetic materials.


Tips to a smooth motorcycle ride.
Bikers have been ignored for far too long and it's high time we pushed some content for our friends on two-wheels. So, let's start with the basics; you really want a motorcycle to an extent you can't sleep, toss or turn in bed until morning. But before you fork out that money and ride off into the sunset, here are a few things to consider.
Your frame: Bikes have a frame; the specific frame dictates what the bike can do. In the same way, you have a frame that dictates what you can do and which bike you should ride. Take an honest assessment of your height, weight and general health. Riding is an exhausting affair and you need to understand what kind of bike best suits your body.
Skill level: If you have the money, it is very tempting to go out and buy the fastest and shiniest bike you can lay your hands on. However, riding is much more skill dependant than driving and therefore, get a bike that matches your skill level. There is no point in getting a cool bike you can't completely extract the potential from. Work on your skills first on a smaller bike first, so you don't crash and destroy a bike you can't handle.
Know your options: Which bike do you want? Is it for commuting short distances or is it for hitting the trails on the weekend? Do you want a comfortable cruiser for long rides across continents or maybe a flashy superbike to lean into the turns like Marc Marquez? Whatever is your fancy, there's an option out there for you. Take it for a test ride and feel it out. Know the type of engine you want and the maintenance it will need.
Budget: This is eerily deceptive for the uninitiated. Bikes are generally cheap to buy, especially if you're getting a used one, but one must also consider the cost of riding gear, which can easily add up beyond the cost of the bike. Availability of parts is also an important factor, as if you have a Harley or chopper in Nairobi, it will be much harder and expensive to get the parts and get it fixed than say a Yamaha, Suzuki or Honda.
Plan your ride: There are two kinds of riders; those who ride alone and those who would rather ride with a partner. If you are a loner, get a bike with a single seat; they're more stylish and you'll feel comfortable. If you plan to ride with someone, get one with a longer pillion and foot pegs to place their feet on.


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Q: Spring webflux - non-blocking call not working I'm trying to learn reactive programming by having a non-blocking rest API. I was expecting it to reply to me immediately and do the service invocation in the background. But I could see that it is waiting for the service response and does not return the acknowledgment response object.
@PostMapping("/postflow/{incidentNumber}")
    public Mono<ResponseEntity<AcknowledgeResponse>> acknowledgeFlow(@PathVariable String number,
                                                                         @RequestHeader("correlationId") String correlationId) {
        return handler.handlePostFlow(number, correlationId)
                .thenReturn(ResponseEntity.ok().body(
                        AcknowledgeResponse.builder().status(HttpStatus.OK.value()).build()));
    }

Handler code-
public Mono<ServiceResponse> handlePostFlow(String number, String correlationId) {
        return service.getDetails(number, correlationId)
                .onErrorMap(throwable -> new RuntimeException("Something went wrong", throwable))
                .switchIfEmpty(Mono.error(new RuntimeException(" Empty response from the service ")))
                .filter(this::isServiceResultValid)
                .switchIfEmpty(Mono.error(new RuntimeException("Invalid response from the service")))
                .map(serviceResponse -> serviceResponse);
    }

AcknowledgeResponse class structure-
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Builder
public class AcknowledgeResponse {

    private Integer status;
    @Builder.Default
    private Object data = "Acknowledged";
}

Can someone assist me in understanding what is wrong here? TIA.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Where are you based? I am available for home tuition in Dublin. I am registered with the Teaching Council, and have worked on home tuition programs and in an early intervention preschool over the past few years. I would be happy to send my full CV.


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B&W Minimalism Magazine 26
Allen Koppe ACS
Stefanos Kouratzis
Minimalist Photographers
Minimalismmag' Annual Book 2019
Minimalist Photography Awards' Annual Book 2019
On the Prowl with David Yarrow
Gail Albert Halaban: Italian Views
Michael Wolf: Life in Cities
Sigma 60.9MP L-mount full-frame mirrorless camera announced
Sigma's Foveon-chipped camera is delayed until 2020
As we had hoped, Sigma chose the CP+ exhibition in Yokohama to give us an update on its own L-mount full-frame mirrorless camera, that it told the world it was working on last year.
The exciting news, according to L-Rumors, is that the new camera will feature a 60.9 megapixel sensor. As is usual for Sigma, this will use its own Foveon design that stacks three 20.3MP sensors together to get to this resolution.
Sigma has announced that it is working with a new chip manufacturer for the development of the Foveon sensor – California based TSI Semiconductors.
Foveon FF sensor delayed. Image from L-Rumors
(Image: © L-Rumors)
The bad news that the camera, which had been promised for 2019, will not not available until next year, according to a presentation given by Sigma CEO Kazuto Yamaki.
Sigma is part of the L-mount Alliance, a three-way partnership between Sigma, Leica and Panasonic to create a new full-frame mirrorless camera system. Earlier at CP+, Sigma announced 11 lenses for the L-mount – originally developed by Leica, and used on the Leica SL. Panasonic's Lumix S1and Lumix S1R L-mount cameras are set to go on sale on March 18, alongside three of its own L-mount lenses.
What is a Foveon sensor?
Diagram depicting the differences between the original Foveon and a normal 'Bayer' digital camera sensor
Traditionally, Foveon sensors have used a unique three-layered design – with separate layers for blue, green and red photosites. This is different to the standard Bayer designed used on nearly all other digital cameras, where a mix of blue, green and red photo sites being used in a pattern across one layer. Sigma first used the Foveon sensor on its SD9 DSLR back in 2002 – and has used it on a succession of DSLRs and compact cameras ever since. Although Foveon was originally a separate company, it was acquired by Sigma in 2008.
Sigma has since replaced this three-layer design with a more advanced four-layer X3 Quattro design which captures colour and luminance information at a higher resolution on its top layer and lower resolution colour data (but with more sensitivity/less noise) on the lower layers.
However, as far as we can tell from the information currently available, Sigma is ditching the newer and somewhat unfathomable X3 Quattro layout for its new camera in favour of the original Foveon design.
It's been confirmed that the new Sigma camera will use a full-frame Foveon sensor for the first time. Previous Foveon have been slightly smaller than APS-C size, with the Quattro H using a larger APS-H size version between APS-C and full frame in size.
The new sensor will not be made by Sigma, but by US company TSI Semiconductors to Sigma's design and specifications.
It's worth stressing that the unique construction of the Foveon sensor means that actual and theoretical megapixel counts have always been open to interpretation. The new Sigma full frame camera's quoted 60MP resolution will actually be for all three layers combined, but since these three layers are superimposed, the actual native image resolution would be 20 megapixels.
What's very exciting for Sigma fans is that the company is staying committed to its multi-layer Foveon design, which remains the only alternative to conventional single-layer sensors and the limitations of the 'demosaicing' processes they employ to produce full-colour images. Foveon sensor images traditionally display much higher pixel-level resolution, which helps offset any numerical resolution disadvantage compared to regular sensors.
The new Sigma L-mount camera will also be the first Sigma camera to feature a full-frame-sized sensor.
Via: digitalcameraworld
Canon goes 4K with its Vixia / Legria HF G60 camcorder
Pinhole Pro X 18-36mm – world's first pinhole zoom revealed at TPS
LEE Filters launches the LEE100 system, redefining its core filter system
I hope they but a large PCIe speed buffer in thee so that 2-3 pictures can be taken while its writing to the card. Also, I hope they find a way to make zippy autofocus a reality. thirdly, they should include optical image stabilization as most mirrorless cameras do. Finally, the L mount should allow elimination of the flange, so make the camera a little smaller while retaining battery life.
(I can wish can't I?)
© 2020 B&W MINIMALISM MAGAZINE


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Frogs in Winter...and Spring
Michelle Curtis
Last winter, things were cold and quiet in the lab where we care for mountain yellow-legged frogs—just as they are every winter. Trying our best to replicate their natural environment, we keep the tank temperatures low—and the frogs hardly seem to move at all. Despite the calm, we excitedly monitor each female frog as the eggs that will be laid in the spring begin to develop. The breeding season is coming soon and this time of year prepares the frogs for a successful season.
Mountain yellow-legged frogs (MYLF) are found in small isolated pockets in the San Jacinto, San Bernardino, and San Gabriel mountains at elevations ranging from 1,200 to 7,500 feet. They live in creeks and ponds that remain filled with water year-round, and are rarely are found far from the water's edge. In the winter months, temperatures drop to near and below freezing, and much of their native habitat becomes covered in snow.
How do the frogs survive these freezing temperatures? Well, you might be surprised to learn they hibernate!
Mountain yellow-legged frogs go into hibernation when seasonal temperatures decrease starting in late fall. To escape the frigid weather, the frogs take shelter in underwater rock crevices and submerged vegetation located in deep pools which are less likely to freeze over. Elevation plays a big role in what time of year this occurs, with frogs at higher elevations having longer hibernation periods than those at lower elevations. Once the frogs find a good spot, they can remain there throughout winter. During hibernation, the frogs' heart rate and metabolism slow to point where the animals do not require food.
In the MYLF captive breeding lab, we strive to create conditions for our frogs that closely resemble what they would experience in the wild. During the winter, this means bringing the cold weather indoors! From late December to March, we lower the ambient temperature in the lab, turn off the basking lights, and crank the water chillers down to a nippy 40°Fahrenheit. It is essential that our frogs "chill out", so we take extra precautions and cover the tanks with visual barriers made from black plastic. This provides them with some privacy and reduces their exposure to external stimuli.
In spring, the weather starts to warm and the snow begins to melt, which are signals to the frogs that it is time to "wake up." Rest and relaxation are over and now it is back to frog business – finding a meal and a mate!
Hibernation or overwintering is an important adaptation to cold environments, which some amphibian species are exposed to when they live at high altitudes and latitudes. Physiologically, animals readjust their daily operating mechanisms during winter by reducing their metabolism and acquiring fuel reserves during the summer months. Amphibians can even change their cellular functions to prevent freezing and to metabolize fat reserves and control gaseous exchange in a more efficient manner.
One of the primary adaptations to pronounced seasonal changes lies in the timing of reproduction. Seasonal synchronization of breeding increases with increasing latitude and emergence from hibernation is followed by a signal to find a mate and breed. However, hibernation also provides the perfect time for these animals, particularly the females, to prepare for breeding. We know from a variety of species that large reductions in temperature affect the way eggs develop and mature. In some instances, a lack of exposure to cold temperatures can even prevent the maturation of eggs.
As cold temperatures promote egg maturation in females, sperm production in males is also positively correlated to colder environments. Cold temperatures also affect the way reproductive hormones are produced and circulate in both sexes and they can even affect mate choice. Females that are ready to release eggs will often accept a male clasping them ( a behavior called amplexing) compared to females that are not ready to breed that year.
In the lab, we try to keep precise records of how egg development is proceeding during hibernation, and how females recover and prepare for the next breeding season. To do so, we employ an ultrasound—the very same type of machine you would find in your doctor's office!
Once a month, during hibernation, Barbara Durrant, Ph.D., director of the division of reproductive physiology and Natalie Calatayud, Ph.D, perform ultrasound examinations on all of our female mountain yellow-legged frogs. Ultrasound machines produce an acoustic energy in the form of waves that bounce of tissues and structures contained in them. The female frog is gently restrained and the ultrasound wand is moved over the abdomen to visualize each ovary and oviduct. This way, we can visually track the follicles and determine when they mature into eggs.
Each time the frogs are imaged, weights and measurements are taken to monitor overall body growth. As you might imagine, with each female capable of laying a clutch of 200 to 900 eggs, some of them grow very round as their eggs mature.
The mountain yellow-legged frog is listed as endangered with an estimated population of fewer than 200 adults in the wild in southern California! Captive breeding of this species is essential to the recovery of wild populations. From the 2015 breeding season alone, we were able to raise over 900 tadpoles that were released in the San Jacinto Mountains. We were also able to support 175 tadpoles through metamorphosis and overwinter the young froglets in our lab for reintroduction in 2016. The process of allowing animals to grow up in managed care is known as "head-starting". Head-starting increases the chances of survival in the wild by allowing the youngsters time to grow and put on weight in a safe environment before taking up residence in their native habitat. For the 2016 breeding season, we can only wish for more of the same – lots of eggs and lots of tadpoles!
Nicole Gardner is a senior research associate at the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research (ICR).
Natalie Calatayud is a post-doctoral research associate at the ICR.
Michelle Curtis is a research associate at the ICR.
Moutain yellow-legged frogs are found in isolated pockets of mountain streams.
To survive frigid winter temperatures, the frogs hibernate.
In the lab, we lower the air and water temperatures, and darken the room to simulate winter.
When spring arrives, we "wake" the frogs with light and an increase in temperature.
Ultrasound imaging is used to check the health and status of the female frogs' reproductive system.
Ultrasound in progress.
Using ultrasound technology, researchers are able to detect follicles and eggs in female frogs.
Submitted by Raegan (not verified) on Tue, 2019-11-05 07:37
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Q: Filter what one group sees vs another group This is a 2 part question because I need to get one part working first then the other.  Sorry, I am a newbie as well.  I am building a site where a form is submitted and another group can add notes and keep tabs on it.  I created the form with all the fields so my question is.  With this Form, how do I have it to where the user can only see certain fields and the other users see the complete form with all the notes.  How do I filter it on the user side.  Second part of that is how do I link the users account to that form (sorta like the "modify" and "created" things do.

A: Forms are going to be attached to content types, and unfortunately in 2010 at least there is not a way to restrict access on content types. One thing you can do instead is create custom actions for the forms and then restrict viewership of those custom actions to the groups you want to be able to see them. Doing so, of course, will force you to hook up the wires on the forms themselves and the users won't have access to the standard GUI with the "Copy" and "Check Spelling" buttons at the top, but this is how we've run one of our solutions where I am.


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Here's One Record That Can Never Be Broken…
Remember the story we shared back in November, about our annual 'Long Service' dinner? (Click here to read it). We were making the point that the number of Coinadrink staff, who are entitled to attend the 'do', (because they've been with us for at least twenty-five years), now stands at fourteen. Add to that partners and, of course, Roger and Yvonne and it's quite a get-together; which is, we're sure you'll agree, a pretty amazing fact in this day and age.
So here's another pretty amazing fact for you: it's about Stuart Westwood, our popular Service Manager. When he joined our long-service legends in 2013, he was the youngest of the lot. In fact, it's not possible to be any younger and be a club member…
Stuart Westwood
Allow us to explain: Stuart was born on the 27th of August, 1972. He joined us straight from Willenhall Comprehensive, starting on 26th of July, 1988, aged 15 years, 11 months. So, add 25 to that, and you have it. Achieving 25 years of service at Coinadrink, aged 40 years and 11 months, is a record that's never going to be broken. You see, since Stuart's day, the school-leaving age has been raised…
Not that Stuart thinks it's a big deal: he sees himself as 'just a team member.'
His first duties at Coinadrink involved 'helping with installations as an extra pair of hands and running up machines in the workshop', he remembers. It was a foot in the door, but Stuart was ambitious. 'I always wanted to be out on the road, I couldn't stand the idea of being stuck in an office all day, I liked the idea of being out and about', he says.
Having sailed 'first time' through his driving test in October 1989, the allure of the open road became irresistible: it's no wonder that Stuart was 'really pleased' when he was promoted to the position of Field Engineer.
However much he enjoyed the freedom that came with the job, a worrying development back at HQ meant that Stuart had to be recalled to Walsall. 'Rich Braxton was our Technical Manager at the time and he fell ill', Stuart recalls. 'It was serious and he was on long-term sick leave, so I was asked to come back in house to cover for him in a technical support capacity. Rich was a real mentor to me; he was a good listener and he gave me a lot of good advice that allowed me to do my job better.'
By the way, you'll be pleased to know that Rich eventually recovered and returned to work.
The circumstances of Stuart's appointment at that time could hardly have been more solemn: nevertheless, his career in management had begun.
The good news for us and for our customers is that Stuart's not planning to leave Coinadrink any time soon. It makes you wonder how many more employment records he'll set along the way…
February 10, 2016 /0 Comments/by coinadrink
Tags: Coinadrink, Long Service Dinner, Record That Can Never Be Beaten, Stuart Westwood
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Australia is the only continent free from the honey bee parasite varroa mite – and Tasmania's beekeepers and biosecurity staff want to keep it that way.
The beekeeping industry has been on alert since varroa mite was detected on a vessel at the Port of Melbourne in July, prompting federal government and industry stakeholders to run a biosecurity exercise to test how prepared the country is for a potential varroa mite incursion.
Exercise Bee Prepared workshops were run around the country, with Tasmania's event overseen by Apiary Biosecurity officer Karla Williams.
The national workshop program were delivered by Plant Health Australia and funded by the federal Agriculture and Water Resources department.
Australian Chief Plant Protection officer Dr Kim Ritman said the aim of the exercise was to each jurisdiction's response to an incursion.
"Varroa mite is a significant honey bee parasite in other countries around the world. It causes colonies to decline, as well as transmits viruses in bees and is one of our most unwanted biosecurity pests," Dr Ritman said.
There are more than 20,000 beekeepers throughout Australia and the honey industry is valued at more than $90 million annually, with bees providing pollination services estimated to be worth up to $6 billion per year.
"We are the only continent free of varroa destructor and to provide assurance that the measures we have in place would allow us to effectively respond to and manage a varroa incursion, it is important that we put them to the test," she said.
More than 160 government and honey bee industry representatives have participated in the workshops, which highlighted areas where they performed well and where improvements could be made.
"It has been a great opportunity to share information and learn from jurisdictions and experts from the honey bee industry, to ensure Australia has the best possible chance to manage a varroa incursion," Dr Ritman said.


100% is back with their new title song, "Heart," and their album, "Sunshine." They return for the first time this year with a new sound, venturing into the tropical house genre. This is also the group's first comeback after the passing of their leader, Minwoo, who died due to cardiac arrest in March.
Through what can only be described as heartbreaking, 100% returned with a vibrant, upbeat and powerful song. The tropical house vibe makes it perfect for those not quite ready to embrace autumn. K-pop had quite the love affair with the genre back in 2017, and I personally thought I was all tropical housed out. But the moment the beat dropped in the chorus, "Heart" won me over. The drop is reminiscent of Winner's "Island," adding their own flare with stellar vocals.


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Boy is a 2010 New Zealand comedy-drama film, written and directed by Taika Waititi. The film stars James Rolleston, Te Aho Aho Eketone-Whitu, and Waititi. It is produced by Cliff Curtis, Ainsley Gardiner and Emanuel Michael and financed by the New Zealand Film Commission. In New Zealand, the film eclipsed previous records for a first week's box office takings for local production. Boy went on to become the highest-grossing New Zealand film at the local box office. The soundtrack to Boy features New Zealand artists such as The Phoenix Foundation, who previously provided music for Waititi's film Eagle vs Shark.

Plot
In 1984, Alamein, known as Boy, is an 11-year-old living in Waihau Bay, in the Tairawhiti (Gisborne) region of New Zealand, on a small farm with his grandmother, younger brother Rocky, and several cousins. Boy spends his time dreaming of Michael Jackson, hanging out with his friends Dallas and Dynasty, trying to impress Chardonnay, a girl at his school, talking to his pet goat, and making up wild stories about his estranged father, Alamein. Rocky, meanwhile, is a quiet, odd child, who believes he has dangerous superpowers because his mother died giving birth to him. One day, Boy and Rocky's grandmother leaves for a funeral in Wellington, leaving Boy in charge of the house and taking care of the other children. Boy is then surprised to see his father and two other men arrive at the farm.

Boy is overjoyed to see Alamein return, thinking that he has come to take the boys away to live with him, but Rocky is uncertain about their father's sudden reappearance. It seems at first that Alamein has finally come back to be in his sons' lives, but it's soon revealed that he is actually there to find a bag of money that he had buried on the farm before being arrested by the police. With his patched gang, the Crazy Horses (which is just him and two friends), Alamein begins digging up the field, searching for the money. Boy sees this and offers to help, thinking Alamein is digging for treasure, and Alamein soon decides to hang out with Boy and be a father. He cuts his son's hair to look like Michael Jackson, and the two go on drives in Alamein's car and get revenge on Boy's school bullies. Boy brings Alamein marijuana to sell from a crop grown by Dallas and Dynasty's father, a member of a local gang. Alamein, uncomfortable with being called 'Dad,' convinces Boy to call him Shogun instead.

Boy begins to see himself as an adult and a Crazy Horse, growing distant from his friends. However, Alamein, unable to find the money, becomes frustrated and drives off, leaving Boy behind. Boy continues to dig for the money alone until he finally discovers it. Excited, Boy hides the moneybag in his goat's pen, then takes his father's Crazy Horses jacket and proudly treats his friends to ice blocks and lollies. When Alamein drives up, Boy goes to tell him that he has found the money, but Alamein hits Boy for stealing his jacket and angrily questions him about where he found the money for the ice blocks, leaving Boy humiliated. Alamein later apologizes, telling his son for the first time that he loves him, and Boy goes to retrieve the moneybag; only to find that it has been eaten by his goat.

Alamein and Rocky continue to dig for the hidden money, making Boy uneasy. Boy decides to make up for losing the money by leading Alamein to the marijuana crop owned by Dallas and Dynasty's father, and Alamein gathers the entire crop. The group is spotted running away by Dynasty, who stares at Boy, betrayed. Later, Alamein takes his gang out to celebrate. Whilst waiting in the car with Boy, Rocky tells his brother that he likes their father, and wants to get to know him better. Another car then drives up, and the local gang gets out. Boy sees Dynasty sitting in the front seat with a black eye. The gang approaches Alamein and the Crazy Horses, confronting them over stealing their marijuana. At first, Boy imagines his dad successfully fighting off the gang in a Michael Jackson dance sequence, but reality comes back to him, and he sees the gang beat Alamein. While driving home, Alamein accidentally hits and kills Boy's goat.

The next day, Alamein is abandoned by his men, who steal the marijuana and the car. Enraged, Alamein trashes the house. Meanwhile, Boy visits his mother's grave, drinking alcohol and smoking marijuana, and finally comes to terms with the fact that all of his happy, early memories of his father are make-believe, and Alamein was in fact not even there when Rocky was born. Meanwhile, Alamein sits in the barn, depressed that he has been unable to find his money. Rocky comes up to him and attempts to comfort him with his 'powers,' telling Alamein that he is sorry he killed his mother by being born. Just then, Boy comes in and scatters the shredded money at Alamein's feet, then begins hitting his father, screaming to know why he wasn't there when Boy and Rocky's mother died. Boy tells Alamein that they are nothing alike, then returns to the house to take care of his cousins. The next morning, the children clean up the house, their grandmother returns home, and Alamein is gone.

Boy tells Rocky that Alamein has gone to Japan to train as a samurai. He reconnects with his friends and apologizes to Dynasty, then goes with Rocky to visit their mother's grave. The two boys find Alamein sitting there. Quietly, they join him, before Rocky asks, "How was Japan?"

The film ends with a mid-credits sequence of all the major characters dancing in a routine that is a mixture of haka and Michael Jackson's Thriller.

Cast
 James Rolleston as Boy, a Māori kid who is a huge fan of Michael Jackson, Boy dreams of becoming rich and going to the city with his father, brother, and his pet goat. His real name is Alamein, like his father.
 Te Aho Aho Eketone-Whitu as Rocky, Boy's shy younger brother who believes he has superpowers.
 Taika Waititi as Alamein, Boy and Rocky's father; an ex-convict and former national serviceman who wants to be the leader of a biker gang, and comes back to Waihau Bay to find his lost money.
 Moerangi Tihore as Dynasty, Dallas' sister and one of Boy's best friends. She is the daughter of a biker and seems to have feelings for Boy.
 Cherilee Martin as Kelly, Boy's same-age cousin, who lives with him in the same house, with her three kid sisters.
 RickyLee Waipuka-Russell as Chardonnay, a teenage girl that Boy has a crush on, and who totally ignores him.
 Haze Reweti as Dallas, one of Boy's best friends.
 Maakariini Butler as Murray, one of Boy's friends from school.
 Rajvinder Eria as Tane, Boy's Indian friend, who is always alongside Murray and Dallas.
 Manihera Rangiuaia as Kingi, a school bully who often bullies Boy. He wears a Michael Jackson "Thriller" jacket.
 Darcy Ray Flavell-Hudson as Holden, Kingi's older brother, who also bullies Boy but comes to fear Boy's father Alamein and comes to admire him.
 Rachel House as Aunty Gracey, the sister of Boy's deceased mother, who owns a store in front of the sea.
 Waihoroi Shortland as Weirdo, a strange man who lives near the bridge, and appears to always be looking for something. He seems to be childish and inoffensive.
 Cohen Holloway as Chuppa, a friend of Alamein, who is an ex-convict and very foolish, along with Juju.
 Pana Hema Taylor as Juju, the other of Alamein's friends. Like Chuppa, he is always getting himself in trouble alongside the kids.
 Craig Hall as Mr. Langston, the Pākehā school principal, who studied with Boy's parents.
 Mavis Paenga as Nan, Boy's grandmother and Alamein's mother. She travels to someone's funeral for two weeks, leaving Boy in charge. She calls the children "My Mokos", which is short for mokopuna, the Māori word for grandchildren.

Production

Waititi started developing Boy soon after finishing the short film Two Cars, One Night, and it first emerged as a film called Choice. The project was accepted into the Sundance Writer's Lab in 2005, where Waititi workshopped it with script writers Frank Pierson, Susan Shilliday, David Benioff and Naomi Foner Gyllenhaal. Instead of making Boy his first film as a director, Waititi went on to make oddball romance Eagle vs Shark, and continued to develop the screenplay over the next three years.

Once the script was finally ready, there was a small window of opportunity in which to make it. Waititi dropped the title Choice because he felt it would not translate to international audiences, and the film was retitled The Volcano. "It was a big pain about this kid's potential to be bigger than he is or just blooms or explode," said Waititi. "So it was a character in the script as well. When we were shooting the film it was still called Volcano and during the editing. We ended up cutting a lot of the stuff out."

Waititi wanted to shoot the film in the place where he partly grew up, Waihau Bay. The story was set in summer, but it was challenging to shoot in the height of summer due to the area's popularity as a fishing and holiday destination. The film features fields of maize, which is harvested starting in late April. James Rolleston was not initially cast in the lead role of Boy. Another actor was already in place when Rolleston turned up for a costume fitting as an extra. Waititi gave him an audition and after reviewing the film clips, Rolleston was offered the role two days before shooting began.

Waititi raised $110,000 via the crowdfunding website Kickstarter to distribute the film in the United States. At the time, this was the most prominent example of crowdfunding in New Zealand.

Soundtrack

 Hine e Hine – The Phoenix Foundation
 Poi E – Pātea Māori Club
 Pass the Dutchie – Musical Youth
 One Million Rainbows – The Phoenix Foundation
 French Letter – Herbs
 Dragons & Demons – Herbs
 Forget It – The Phoenix Foundation
 Aku Raukura (Disco Mix) – Pātea Māori Club
 Out on the Street – Alastair Riddell
 Hine e Hine – St Josephs Maori Girls Choir
 Here We Are – The Phoenix Foundation
 Paki-o-Matariki – The Ratana Senior Concert Party
 Mum – Prince Tui Teka
 E Te Atua – St Josephs Maori Girls Choir
 Karu – Prince Tui Teka
 Flock of Hearts – The Phoenix Foundation

Release

Boy premiered at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival on 22 January 2010 and competed in the "World Cinema – Dramatic" category. It was theatrically released on 25 March 2010 in New Zealand, and screened at the Antipodean Film Festival in Saint Tropez, France, in October 2010.

The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in 2011 by Paramount Home Media Distribution.

Reception

Critical response
Based on 65 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an overall approval rating from critics of 87%, with an average score of 7.3/10. Its critics consensus reads, "Boy possesses the offbeat charm associated with New Zealand film but is also fully capable of drawing the viewer in emotionally." Peter Calder of The New Zealand Herald gave the film five out of five stars. He praised the performances of the three main actors and said "it's hard to praise too highly the pitch-perfect tone of this movie."

The film critic Clarisse Loughrey has identified it as her favourite film, along with The Apartment.

Box office
On release in New Zealand, the film topped the box office receipts for the week, earning more on its opening day than any previous New Zealand film. The film grossed nearly $900,000 in its first seven days, beating Alice in Wonderland and homegrown pictures Whale Rider and The World's Fastest Indian. It also climbed above international animated-fantasy hit How to Train Your Dragon and mythical action flick Clash of the Titans. Boy become the highest grossing New Zealand film to date in the country, surpassing The World's Fastest Indian which had held the position for five years.

Awards
 AFI Fest Audience Award – Best International Feature Film – Taika Waititi – Won
 Asia Pacific Screen Award – Best Children's Feature Film – Ainsley Gardiner, Cliff Curtis, Emanuel Michael and Merata Mita – Nominated
 Berlin International Film Festival Deutsches Kinderhilfswerk Grand Prix – Best Feature Film – Taika Waititi – Won
 Melbourne International Film Festival Most Popular Feature Film – Taika Waititi – Won
 Sundance Film Festival Grand Jury Prize – World Cinema – Dramatic – Taika Waititi – Nominated
 Sydney Film Festival Audience Award – Best Feature Film – Taika Waititi – Won
 New Zealand Film and TV Awards – 13 nominations, seven wins including Best Feature Film, Best Director, and Best Screenplay

Notes
1.  International television and home media distribution is handled by Kino Lorber.

References

External links

2010 films
2010s coming-of-age comedy-drama films
2010s New Zealand films
2010 comedy films
2010 drama films
Films directed by Taika Waititi
Films with screenplays by Taika Waititi
Films set on farms
Films set in New Zealand
Films set in 1984
Films shot in New Zealand
Kickstarter-funded films
Māori-language films
New Zealand coming-of-age comedy-drama films
Treasure hunt films
Vertigo Films films
2010s English-language films

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Your Vegan Fallacy Is
Vegans Cannot Get Enough Iron
yvfi.ca/iron/r
Vegans cannot get enough iron from a plant-based diet to maintain proper health.
Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, a protein that transfers oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. There are two kinds of iron absorbed by the body; heme and nonheme. Heme iron is not regulated by the body, which means it is always absorbed, while nonheme iron is regulated by the body and absorbed when it is needed. Both are present in meat, but only nonheme iron is present in plants and fortified foods. This is important because a surplus of this nutrient can be as damaging as a deficiency, and only those people who eat meat or take iron supplements are in danger of a surplus. Conversely, a whole-foods, plant-based diet can safely meet the body's iron needs.
Some prominent health organizations list vegetarians and vegans among other at-risk groups for iron deficiency, which can foster the mistaken belief that plant-based diets do not provide sufficient iron. This is because historically, iron deficiency was a widespread public health concern, and the body's ready absorption of heme iron helped to address it. However, this conservative position does not address the negative consequences of iron surplus, an escalating problem especially in older men as a result of increased meat consumption. These negative consequences can include diabetes, heart disease and liver damage, since iron is a pro-oxidant the body cannot eliminate. Conversely, human bodies have evolved to regulate the absorption of nonheme iron so they receive only what they can use, and there are many safe sources of iron in a plant-based diet. For instance, 3oz. of dark chocolate contains more iron than an equal serving of beef liver, and 3oz. of lentils contains more iron than 3oz. of beef, duck or lamb. So it is easy to see that plants can and do provide equally plentiful and safer sources of iron than animals do.
Issue Responses
Plant-Based Iron
Heme iron, the type found predominantly in blood and muscle, is absorbed better than the non-heme iron that predominates in plants, but may increase the risk of cancer, stroke, heart disease, and metabolic syndrome.
The Safety of Heme vs. Non-Heme Iron
The Safety of Heme vs. Nonheme Iron
Video of The Safety of Heme vs. Nonheme Iron
Risk Associated with Iron Supplements
Video of Risk Associated With Iron Supplements
Content from Nutrition Facts (i.e. Dr. Greger) has been explicitly marked as "publicly embeddable" for use via YouTube, and we're grateful to be allowed to include that work on this site.
Vegan Street:
Vegans vs. Iron
Great Vegan Sources Of Iron
manygreatvegansourcesofiron-lg.jpg
3 Things To Know About Iron Absorption.
3things-ironabsorption-lg.jpg
Marla Rose and John Beske have graciously provided permission to share their work on this site. If you wish to sucure like permission of your own project, you can contact them via the social media links listed on their website.
Bite Size Vegan:
Pale, Weak & Vegan? Getting Iron In A Vegan Diet
Vegans are often depicted as pale, weak and anemic due to the lack of meat in our diet. But is iron deficiency really an issue on a plant-based diet? In this interview with Dr. Michael Greger of Nutritionfacts.org, we look at the difference between heme and non-heme iron, which is better for our bodies, and what food sources contain ideal dietary iron.
Pale, Weak & Vegan? Getting Iron In A Vegan Diet | Dr. Michael Greger of Nutritionfacts.org
Video of Pale, Weak & Vegan? Getting Iron In A Vegan Diet | Dr. Michael Greger of Nutritionfacts.org
Emily Moran Barwick has graciously provided permission to share her work on this site. If you wish to secure like permission of your own project, you can contact her via her website.
Colleen Patrick-Goudreau:
An Essential Mineral: Iron
Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in the U.S. and worldwide. The groups that are most susceptible are women who menstruate (that is, women of childbearing age), pregnant and lactating women, teenagers, and children aged 6 months to 4 years. This is true for vegetarians and non-vegetarians. I repeat: This is true for vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Once again, this is not a case where vegans have to be concerned and non-vegetarians don't. This essential mineral is abundant in plant-based foods and is better absorbed with vitamin C-rich foods. In this episode, I debunk myths about iron, name some iron-rich plant-based foods, explain why overconsumption of iron is a cause for concern, and even suggest that we give our blood away! Tune in for tips and resources on making healthful, compassionate choices.
An Essential Mineral: Iron by Colleen Patrick-Goudreau
Audio titled An Essential Mineral: Iron by Colleen Patrick-Goudreau
Colleen Patrick-Goudreau's content has been explicitly marked as "publicly embeddable" by her on SoundCloud and YouTube, and we're grateful to be allowed to include her work on this site.
PlenteousVeg.com ~ Diane Vukovic:
Iron Nutrient Guide for Vegetarians and Vegans
What is Iron?
Iron is one of the most abundant minerals on the earth and is found in all living organisms. The mineral has been used in manufacturing as far back as 3500BC. It is possible that the name iron comes from the words meaning "holy metal" because iron was used to make swords during the Crusades.
In biology, iron has numerous functions. In plants, it plays an integral role in chlorophyll development, energy transfer, plant respiration, plant metabolism, and nitrogen fixation. In animals, iron is part of enzymes which aid in digestion and metabolism. However, iron's most notable and important role in animals is delivering oxygen to cells.
Iron is a mineral that our bodies need for many functions. The body needs iron to make the proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin. Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells and myoglobin is found in muscles. They help carry and store oxygen in the body. Iron is also part of many other proteins and enzymes in the body.
Iron and Red Blood Cells
Red blood cells are the primary cells in the human body, making up about 25% of our cells. The main function of RBCs is to deliver oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Hemoglobin is a protein in RBCs which holds the oxygen for transport. One-third of red blood cells is made up of hemoglobin.
Nearly all of the oxygen transported by blood is held in hemoglobin proteins. The rest is transported in plasma, which is very ineffective in delivering oxygen to cells compared to hemoglobin.
Every hemoglobin protein consists of 4 atoms of iron. Each iron atom is capable of carrying 1 oxygen molecule. It is this iron in hemoglobin which gives blood its red color.
Iron and Myoglobin
The iron in red blood cells carries oxygen to the muscles. Once the oxygen arrives, the oxygen molecules bind to another protein called myoglobin. Like hemoglobin, myoglobin also helps transport oxygen. However, it only transports oxygen to muscles and is not found in the bloodstream. Because oxygen is integral for muscle movement, iron is needed to support all muscle function.
The iron in myoglobin is what gives raw meat its red color. When meat is cooked, the iron becomes oxidized and gets a darker color. The iron in myoglobin is also what makes meats a good source of iron as opposed to plants which do not have myoglobin.
Types of Dietary Iron
There are two types of iron: heme iron and non-heme iron. Heme iron comes from hemoglobin in red blood cells and thus is not vegetarian. Non-heme iron comes from non-animal sources.
Nutritionally, heme iron is far superior to non-heme iron because it is much more readily absorbed by the body. This is the reason that vegetarians, particularly vegans, are at risk of iron deficiency.
Iron Absorption in the Body
Animal-sourced heme iron is much more absorbable than vegetarian-sourced non-heme iron. Studies put the absorption of heme iron at about 15-35% compared to 2-20% with non-heme iron. Because vegetarian sources of iron are so poorly absorbed, vegetarians may not be able to get their daily intake of iron even when meeting the listed recommendations. According to the Institute of Medicine, vegetarians may need to consume nearly double the amount of dietary iron as meat-eaters because of how poorly non-heme iron is absorbed.
Foods which Impact Iron Absorption:
Vitamin C: Vitamin C has shown to significantly improve iron absorption. Vegetarians should include vitamin C when eating iron-rich foods to maximize absorption.
Calcium: Calcium has shown to block absorption of iron.
Tannins and Polyphenols: These substances have shown to block absorption of iron. They are particularly abundant in tea and wine.
Phytic Acid: Phytic acid, or phytates, are antioxidants found in certain foods. There are studies which show that they block absorption of iron. Legumes, grains, nuts and rice are particularly high in phytic acid.
"Junk Foods": Foods high in calories but low in nutritional value can reduce iron absorption. Soda is an example of one of these iron-blocking junk foods.
Recommended Dietary Intake of Iron
The daily recommended intake of iron and the tolerable upper intake level for iron are as follows:
Age RDA (mg/day) Upper Limit (mg/day)
0-6 months 0.27 40
1-3 years 7 40
4-8 years 10 40
9-13 years 8 40
Males 14-18 years 11 45
Males 19+ years 8 45
Females 14-18 years 15 45
Females 50+ 8 45
Pregnancy 27 45
Lactation 9 45
It is important to note that these recommendations are based on the assumption t that ¾ of the iron comes from animal sources. Since vegetarian sources of iron are much less absorbable, the RDAs for vegetarians and vegans may be nearly twice as much!
The Institute of Medicine recommends adjusting the iron RDA for vegetarians as follows:
Age RDA (mg/day)
Adult Men 14
Adult Women 33
Adolescent Girls 26
Postmenopausal Women 14
Parents raising vegetarian children should consult their doctors about the recommended intake of iron. Blood tests to detect hemoglobin levels or red blood cell count may be given to determine whether the vegetarian children are getting adequate dietary iron.
Symptoms of Iron Deficiency
Iron deficiency is the leading nutritional disorder in the world. According to one report, as much as 80% of the world may have an iron deficiency.
Because iron is critical for oxygen transportation, iron deficiency can result in symptoms such as:
Hair loss and brittle fingernails
Paleness
Irritable mood
Inflammation of the tongue
Severe or prolonged iron deficiency leads to iron deficient anemia, a condition in which there is inadequate levels of red blood cells and/or hemoglobin in the body. In addition to the above, symptoms of anemia may include:
Bruising easily
Lightheadedness
Unusual heartbeat
Heavy menstrual periods
If iron deficiency is not treated, it can result in serious problems such as heart problems. In children, iron deficiency can lead to impaired growth and developmental problems. In pregnant women, iron deficiency can cause problems with the child, such as premature birth or low birth weight.
Diagnosing an iron deficiency typically involves a blood test. A hemoglobin test will measure the levels of hemoglobin in the blood whereas a hematocrit test will measure the percent of red blood cells in the blood.
Who is At Risk of Iron Deficiency?
Vegetarians are particularly at risk of iron deficiency because non-heme (i.e. vegan) sources of iron are not as absorbable as heme (animal) sources. Additionally, these groups are also at risk of iron deficiency:
People with gastrointestinal problems or those who take antacids regularly
People with celiac disease
Vegetarians and vegans who also fall into the at-risk groups listed above should have their iron levels checked to make sure they aren't deficient.
How to Take Iron Supplements
Iron supplements are often taken by vegetarians to prevent iron deficiency. However, even those who are extremely at risk of an iron deficiency (such as a vegan athlete) should be very cautious about taking iron supplements as too much iron can result in iron toxicity. It is recommended that you first have your iron levels checked to determine your need for vegetarian iron supplements.
Here are some guidelines on how to take vegetarian iron supplements for best results:
Take iron supplements on an empty stomach as this will increase absorption.
Take iron supplements with vitamin C to increase absorption.
Do not take iron supplements with tea, nuts, raw vegetables, or uncooked grains as these decrease absorption.
For best results, take iron in several small doses throughout the day (as opposed to one large daily dose). This will increase the amount of iron that your body absorbs and decrease the likelihood of side effects.
Avoid taking iron tablets, particularly time-released tablets, as these are not as effective as liquid versions of vegetarian iron supplements.
Note that vegetarian iron supplements come in two main forms. The first is called ferric iron and it is NOT recommended because it is not as absorbable as the other form, ferrous iron.
Ferrous iron comes in three forms: ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, and ferrous gluconate. Of these, ferrous sulfate is most commonly used in iron supplements. However, it is NOT the best absorbable. Ferrous fumarate is the most absorbable with approximately 33% elemental (absorbable) iron.
The percentages of elemental iron are as follows:
Ferrous fumarate 33%
Ferrous sulfate 20%
Ferrous gluconate 2%
Side Effects of Iron Supplements
Vegetarian iron supplements may cause these common side effects:
Darkened stools
Stomachache
You can reduce the likelihood of side effects by starting supplementation with lower dosages and then working up to the full, recommended dose. Taking smaller dosages spaced throughout the day can also reduce symptoms. Vegetarians may want to increase the amount of fiber in their diets while taking iron supplements as well to reduce the likelihood of constipation or diarrhea.
Vegetarians should also note that iron supplements can impact absorption of zinc. They may wish to increase consumption of zinc-rich foods while taking iron.
Iron Overdose
Taking too much iron can result in iron toxicity (also called iron poisoning or iron overload). The excess amounts of iron build up in organs, particularly the liver, and can lead to serious damage or organ failure.
The body naturally protects itself from iron overload by decreasing the amount of iron absorption when it has excess. However, a significant amount of people (about 0.5%) have a genetic condition called hemochromatosis in which the body absorbs higher levels of iron. These people are at risk for iron overload.
Symptoms of iron overload are similar to those of iron deficiency. The symptoms also resemble the common side effects of iron supplements, such as stomachache. People who are taking iron supplements who have severe or long-lasting side effects should contact their doctors as it may be a sign of iron overdose.
Symptoms of severe iron overload include: seizures, low bread pressure, and coma.
Best Vegetarian Sources of Iron
Food Iron (mg)
Rice bran, uncooked, ½ cup 11.0
Soybeans, cooked, ½ cup 4.4
Pumpkin seeds, 1oz 4.2
Cashews, roasted, ½ cup 3.9
White beans, cooked, ½ cup 3.9
Blackstrap molasses 3.5
Lentils, cooked, ½ cup 3.3
Potato with skin, baked 3.2
Spinach, boiled, ½ cup 3.2
Wheat bran, uncooked, ½ cup 3.0
Bran, ½ cup 3.0
Red kidney beans, cooked, ½ cup 2.6
Quinoa, cooked, ½ cup 2.4
Garbanzo beans, cooked, ½ cup 2.4
Hearts of palm, canned, ½ cup 2.3
Prune juice, ¾ cup 2.3
Lima beans, cooked, ½ cup 2.2
Spirulina, 1 tbsp. 2.0
Swiss chard, boiled, ½ cup 2.0
Tahini, 1 tbsp. 1.3
Sun dried tomatoes, 5 pieces 1.0
Whole grain bread, 1 slice 0.9
Green beans, cooked, ½ cup 0.8
Egg yolk 0.6
Peanut butter, 2 tbsp. 0.6
Apricots, dried, 3 0.6
Zucchini, cooked, ½ cup 0.3
http://huhs.harvard.edu/assets/File/OurServices/Service_Nutrition_Iron.pdf
http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/#en15
http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/IRON/IRON.html
http://nutritiondata.self.com
http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRIs/DRI_Elements.pdf
http://www.webelements.com/iron/
Iron and Bioavailability: How to Get the Most from Your Food
There are plenty of foods which are high in iron. However, just because you are eating iron foods, it doesn't mean your body is absorbing all the iron. Bioavailability refers to how well our body is able to absorb a certain nutrient. Many iron foods have a low bioavailability, but there are simple tricks you can do to increase iron absorption.
Iron Bioavailability: Heme and Non-Heme Iron
Dietary iron can be broken down into two types: heme iron and non-heme iron. Heme iron is only found in animals whereas vegetarian foods only contain non-heme iron. It is important to note, however, that about 60% of the iron from animal sources is actually non-heme iron.
Both heme and non-heme iron get absorbed in the intestines, but through completely different mechanisms (which are not fully understood). The body is able to absorb heme iron much more efficiently than non-heme iron. This is bad news for vegetarians and vegans who primarily get their iron from plants, which is why anemia can be a concern for people on a plant-based diet. The Office of Dietary Supplements puts the absorption of heme iron at about 15-35% compared to just 2-20% for non-heme iron.
Not only is heme iron better absorbed by our bodies, but its absorption isn't as influenced by antinutrients (like the iron blockers listed below). The absorption of heme iron also isn't as affected by the body's need for iron: the body will continue to absorb heme iron regardless of how much iron is needed. This is an issue because you could overdose on animal-based heme iron, but won't overdose with plant-based non-heme iron.
The absorption of non-heme iron is much better controlled, and absorption increases when there is a need. For example, pregnant women (who need much higher levels of iron to support the growing fetus) experience increases in iron absorption by as much as 60%. This has led many researchers to conclude that vegetarians may compensate for their low-iron diets by absorbing the mineral better.
Iron Blocking Antinutrients
An "antinutrient" is a compound which inhibits the absorption of a nutrient, thus reducing bioavailability. Iron bioavailability is primarily affected by plant compounds which influence non-heme iron absorption (again, bad news for vegetarians and vegans). The most notable iron-blocking antinutrients are:
Phytic Acid: Indigestible to animals, this natural chemical binds to metals, thus making them indigestible as well. Along with negatively impacting iron absorption, phytic acid also blocks zinc, calcium, and magnesium absorption. Seeds and bran contain high amounts of phytic acid.
Oxalic Acid: This natural chemical is actually poisonous to the body. It has gotten a bad rap for speeding up bone degradation and tooth decay, causing kidney stones, and blocking the absorption of iron and calcium. Foods which contain high amounts of oxalic acid include dark, leafy greens, chocolate, tea, coffee, and some berries. This is why spinach isn't a good source of iron, even though it contains lots of iron.
Polyphenols: Polyphenols are a type of antioxidant. They can do wonders for your body – like preventing oxidation and fighting cancer. However, they are not helpful when it comes to non-heme iron absorption. Polyphenols bind with iron in the intestines, preventing the mineral from getting absorbed and causing it to pass out as waste instead. Tea (especially black tea), coffee, and chocolate have high levels of polyphenols.
In one study, it was found that coffee (rich in polyphenols and oxalic acid) can block iron absorption by as much as 60%. Another study found that phytates can reduce iron absorption by as much as 65%.
While studies do overwhelmingly show that these substances block iron absorption, it is impossible to tell exactly how much iron is getting blocked and how much is getting absorbed. Aside from bodily differences in individuals, there are also the aspects about the foods we eat which can impact absorption. For example, plants which are grown with high-phosphate fertilizers will have higher phytic acid levels than those grown with natural compost. Age of the plant also affects composition as well, with younger plants having lower levels.
Beating Iron Inhibitors
Certain food preparation methods can decrease the amount of oxalic and/or phytic acid in foods, thus making the iron in them more absorbable.
According to the Weston A. Price Foundation, the best way to reduce phytates in beans is to sprout them and then cook them. They found that soaking beans at moderate temperatures for 12 hours results in an 8-20% reduction in phytates. Beans fermented for 18 hours had a 50% reduction in phytates. Lentils which were soaked for 12 hours, germinated for 3-4 days and then fermented were likely to have had alltheir phytates removed.
Tip: Add a splash of lemon juice or apple cider vinegar to beans/legumes while they are soaking; it will help reduce the level of phytic acid!
Vitamin C for Increasing Iron Absorption
While some natural chemicals in plant foods may block iron absorption, there are also some which increase iron absorption. The most notable of these is vitamin C. Vitamin C helps iron convert from Fe3+ (ferric iron) to the more absorbable form Fe2+ (ferrous iron). Studies have shown that consuming as little as 50 mg of vitamin C with a meal can increase iron absorption by as much as 600%.
One easy way to increase iron absorption is to put some fresh lemon juice, which is rich in vitamin C, in your water during meals (also is great for boosting immunity). Other natural substances which increase iron absorption include vitamin A and beta carotene. These are typically found in brightly-colored foods like tomatoes, carrots, squash, and peppers, so add some color to your meals to increase iron absorption.
The good news for people on plant-based diets is that their diets are often high in these iron-boosting foods, thus helping to cancel out the negative effects of iron blocking antinutrients and the low bioavailability of plant iron.
Should You Be Worried about Iron Bioavailability?
It is good to be educated about nutrition and food chemistry. However, most people probably don't need to worry about the bioavailability of iron (nor the bioavailability of other nutrients for that matter). Instead, what we should be focusing on is eating a well-balanced diet which contains a wide variety of nutrient-rich foods.
Chemicals in vegetarian sources of iron may block absorption, but vegetarian foods often contain other chemicals which improve absorption too. For example, I don't know many vegetarians who eat spinach by itself. Instead, they might prepare it with chick peas (another good source of iron) and tomato sauce (high in absorption-increasing vitamin C). Even if iron absorption is getting blocked, the meal still contains a significant amount of iron which is getting absorbed thanks to the vitamin C.
So, should you worry about iron bioavailability? The answer is simple: go get a blood test to see if your iron levels are low. If not, then keep up your current diet. If they are low, then talk to your nutritionist about how to plan meals which include bioavailable iron.
It is always best to get your nutrients from food first. But, if you really think you aren't getting enough iron, here are some of my favorite vegan iron supplements. I like the Garden of Life iron best because it is raw, but the other two options are also good, especially for people on a low budget. You can also check out our chart of the best vegan vitamins which includes some vegan multivitamins with iron.
There are a lot of plant-based foods which are chock full of iron. But, unfortunately for vegetarians and vegans, the iron in these foods isn't always very absorbable by the body. Natural chemicals which are frequently found in plant foods decrease our bodies' ability to absorb iron (bioavailability). These main iron blockers are:
Phytic Acid: High amounts found in seeds and whole grains.
Oxalic Acid: High amounts found in dark leafy greens, chocolate, tea, coffee, and some berries.
Polyphenols: High amounts found in soy, peanuts, whole grains, tea, and many fruits and vegetables.
Spinach, for example, is often cited as one of the best vegetarian sources of iron. But, because spinach is high in oxalic acid, we probably absorb less than 10% of the iron in spinach.
With bioavailability taken into consideration, here are the real best vegan sources of iron.
*The RDA for iron for menstruating adult women is 18mg and for men it is 8mg
*The amount of iron listed in milligrams doesn't represent the amount which your body will actually absorb!
Fruit Sources of Iron
These fruits contain a significant amount of iron. They also have relatively low levels of oxalic acid and phytates plus high levels of vitamin C (which increases iron absorption):
Raisins: 1 cup = 3.1mg
Prune juice: 1 cup = 3mg
Olives: 10 jumbo = 3mg
Avocado: 1 fruit = 1.1mg
Dried apricots: 10 halves = 1mg
Vegetable Sources of Iron
These vegetables still do contain oxalic acid. However, the levels are relatively low while still providing a significant amount of iron:
Asparagus: 1 cup = 4.4mg
Endive: 1 head = 4.3mg
Peas: 1 cup = 2.5 mg
Acorn squash: 1 cup = 1.9mg
Dandelion greens: 1 cup raw = 1.7mg
Kale: 1 cup = 1.2mg
Turnip greens: 1 cup cooked = 1.2mg
Grain, Bean and Legume Sources of Iron
Grains, beans and legumes tend to be very high in phytic acid. However, they also often have very high levels of iron. Even if the phytic acid blocks a significant amount of iron from being absorbed, the foods are still often good vegetarian sources of iron. These are the best grains, beans, and legumes for iron because they have lower levels of phytic acid while still providing high amounts of iron:
Lentils: 1 cup = 6.6mg
Chick peas: 1 cup = 4.7mg
Quinoa: 1 cup = 2.8mg
Wheat germ: 1 ounce = 1.8mg
Brown rice: 1 cup = 0.8mg
Sprouted beans or seeds *
* Soaking and sprouting are both ways to reduce the phytic acid levels in foods. If you were to soak/sprout beans or seeds before eating them, they would become much better vegetarian sources of iron.
TIP: Add a splash of lemon juice or apple cider vinegar to the soaking water of your beans, grains or seeds. This breaks down phytic acid!!!
Other Vegetarian Sources of Iron
These foods are some of the best vegetarian sources of iron you will find:
Morel mushrooms: 1 cup = 8mg
Brewer's yeast: 1 ounce = 5mg
Spirulina: 1 teaspoon = 5mg
Blackstrap molasses: 1 tablespoon = 3mg
Note: Spirulina also binds to iron and will cause excess amounts to be excreted. So do not take spirulina at the same time as your iron supplement!
Diane Vukovic has graciously provided permission to share her work on this site. If you wish to secure like permission of your own project, you can contact her via the social media links listed on the PlenteousVeg.com website.
Plant vs. Animal Based Iron
Are Iron Pills Good For You?
Video of Are Iron Pills Good For You?
Iron During Pregnancy
Video of Iron During Pregnancy
Chicken vs. Veggie Chicken
Video of Chicken vs. Veggie Chicken
TheVeganTruth:
What Every Vegan Needs to Know to Optimize their Diet
IRON - Vegans are recommended to eat iron-rich foods and vitamin C daily. However in several studies, vegans were not found to suffer from iron-deficiency any more than non-vegans. "Dried beans and dark green leafy vegetables are especially good sources of iron, even better on a per calorie basis than meat. Iron absorption is increased markedly by eating foods containing vitamin C along with foods containing iron. Vegetarians do not have a higher incidence of iron deficiency than do meat eaters" says Reed Mangels, PhD and registered dietician. Many vegetables, such as broccoli, spinach and bok choy, which are high in iron, are also high in vitamin C which aids iron absorption.
TheVeganTruth has graciously provided permission to share her work on this site. If you wish to secure like permission of your own project, you can contact her via her website.
Jack Norris, RD:
You do not need to worry about iron if you are otherwise healthy and eat a varied vegetarian or vegan diet. If you think your iron stores might be low, you can increase iron absorption by:
Adding a source of vitamin C at meals (see Table 2 of good vitamin C sources below).
Avoiding tea and coffee at meals.
Increasing legume (peanuts, beans, lentils, peas) intake.
Cooking foods (especially water based acidic foods like tomato sauce) in cast iron skillets.
If your concerns persist, you should have a doctor measure your iron status. If your iron stores are too low, your doctor might suggest eating meat or taking an iron supplement. Anemia in meat-eaters is normally treated with large doses of supplemental iron, not with eating more meat. Similarly, vegetarians with anemia do not need to start eating meat but can also be treated with supplemental iron and vitamin C. If your doctor insists that you eat meat, you might want to show him or her this article.
It is important for any vegan with iron deficiency to correct it because during iron deficiency, the body has a tendency to absorb too much manganese. Luckily, vitamin C increases iron absorption but does not increase manganese absorption.
"Your Vegan Fallacy Is" by Triskele Media is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, and is partially based on a work at yourlogicalfallacyis.com.


Fun quiz time again. Apparently this abstract image test will reveal your true personality and after answering all the questions as honestly as I can, turns out I am passionate and full of zest. Go figure.
Now I get that we don't need to take image tests on the internet to determine our true personality. We know who we are. Don't we? I really only take them and share them with you for entertainment purposes. That, and I'm a bit of a curious creature. These things intrigue me, and they're fun.
Image tests are just fun, amirite?
I'm easily amused as you know, and these image tests always catch my eye. I could spend a whole day just doing quizzes. Who am I, what will I be when I grow up, who is my perfect match? Well you know I need an image test to answer all those questions for me! Haha. Anyway you have a go and let me know in the comments below.
Based on your associations with the abstract, you are a dramatic, creative, self-confident person. You are hungry for life and love having a good time with people always around you.
You love challenges and using your mind to solve the most difficult problems or using your strong arguing skills to get yourself out of tricky situations. Sometimes you can get consumed by your own ego and ignore the needs of others, but most of the time you have too many friends because you are so generous and loyal.
Arrogance and laziness are flaws that you can sometimes exhibit, but when you are set on achieving something, and passionate about what you are doing, you will stop at nothing to succeed.
You are sincere and expressive with your heart and love communicating how you feel to those you mean the most to you. Your zest and energy is contagious.
Go ahead and take this short and beautiful image test to find out what your true personality is and see if the results were accurate for you too!!
If you happen to love quizzes and image tests as much as I do, then check out this one and this one. They are some of my favourites and also fan favourites as well!
How accurate was that for you Suzanne? :) Thanx for playing and commenting.
Practical and grounded. That's me alright!
Really? I would have taken you for a bit of a ballsy kinda gal Gina! ;) Grounded yes. I can see that.


text:
Q: Concurrent Powershell jobs not running command Hey guys first time poster long time reader, I'm having a bit of trouble with my script at the moment and was hoping some would check it out and point out where I've gone wrong, it is as follows:
$Servers = gc "C:\ServerList.txt"
 $SB = {
    Start-Process {cmd (C:\psexec.exe \\$Server -u username -p password cmd /c "echo.| powershell C:\Autolog.ps1")
       }
Foreach ($Server in $Servers)
    {
    Start-Job -ScriptBlock $SB
    }

Essentially what I'm trying to get this script to do is for Every server in "Serverslist.txt" Start a PSEXEC which then initiates an Powershell script on said server
What i'm seeing is that the jobs start but my psexec isn't triggering on the servers and i know that line is good as i've completed isolation testing on that command and manually triggered it
Note: Directories and Credentials remove to maintain privacy

A: This is likely way more complicated than it needs to be. I would run a scriptblock against that list of computers instead like so:
$cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("domain\username",(ConvertTo-SecureString 'password' -asplaintext -force))
foreach ($server in $servers) {
    Invoke-Command -ComputerName $comp -ScriptBlock {. C:\Autolog.ps1} -Credential $cred
}

A: Your job doesn't know what $Server means because jobs run in their own process, and so don't access the parent process' variables. You have to pass the argument. Try this:
Start-Job -ScriptBlock $SB -ArgumentList $Server

A: Appreciate the help ended up nutting it out and getting it to do what  want, the script is as follows:
$Servers = gc "C:\ServerList.txt"
Foreach ($Server in $Servers)
    {
    [String]$cmd = "& cmd (C:\psexec.exe \\$Server -u Username -p Password cmd /c C:\Autolog.bat)"
    [ScriptBlock]$SB = [ScriptBlock]::Create($cmd)
    Start-Job -ScriptBlock $SB -ArgumentList $Server
    echo "Started Script on $Server"
    }

I had to move some of the command out to a .bat because I don't have time to troubleshoot the issue but i'm essentially the C:\Autolog.bat contains "powershell.exe C:\Autolog.ps1" from the first script post


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text:
package org.apache.axis.test.spring;

public interface OrderManager {
    String submitOrder(Order order);
    Order getOrder(String orderID);
}


The student volunteers have now been selected. If you are confirmed as a Student Volunteer please find your assignments in the student volunteer lounge in Hornbake 4117 on Tuesday or Wedneday. On Thursday and Friday, please report to the Registration Desk.
Student volunteers will get a free conference registration, a unique conference t-shirt, and will be able to attend the paper and panel sessions, workshops and tutorials.
Student volunteers must register by mail to have their conference fees waived.
Student volunteers will work approximately 20 hours. Duties will include tasks, such as answering questions from conference attendees, monitoring entrance to sessions, assisting with registration, and running miscellaneous errands.
Participating as a student volunteer is a great opportunity to interact with the organizing committee and the presenters. It gives you a chance to meet other people like you and make life long contacts. If you are close to graduation and looking for a job this is one of the best places to meet the best and most prominent people in the field!
distribute materials for workshops and tutorials.
We will try to arrange for affordable accomodations.


Sunday, January 22, at 3:00 PM.
in the church Social Hall.
cup cakes, cheese ball & crackers, chips & dip, veggie tray, fruit tray.
Social & Catering will supply the beverages.
There will be a sign up sheet in the sanctuary this Sunday.
Please continue to be in prayer for the Burley Family.


NEW YORK (AP) — The Pulitzer Prizes, journalism's highest honor, will be announced Monday.
Among the potential contenders are reporters who revealed the massive U.S. government surveillance effort. The revelations, based on thousands of documents handed over by leaker Edward Snowden, were first published in June in The Guardian and The Washington Post, which last week received a George Polk Award for national security reporting.
The disclosures showed that the National Security Agency has collected information about millions of Americans' phone calls and emails based on its classified interpretations of laws passed after the 2001 terrorist attacks. The disclosures have led to proposed overhauls of some U.S. surveillance programs, including changes in the way the government spies on foreign allies.
Other reporters who are potential Pulitzer contenders include Andrea Elliott of The New York Times, who won a Polk Award for local reporting for her five-part series "Invisible Child" focusing on Dasani Coates, one of 22,000 homeless children in New York City.
Another contender is John Cichowski of The Record on Woodland Park, N.J., who helped break open the Gov. Chris Christie bridge scandal by being the first to write about the traffic jams stemming from the closures of lanes leading to the George Washington Bridge.