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HP announce $400M five-year outsourcing deal with BP
HP Enterprise Services UK Limited today announced BP International Limited has signed a five-year outsourcing services agreement valued in excess of $400 million. Under the agreement, HP will deliver consistent global data center services that enable BP to standardize and consolidate its hosting services and take advantage of innovations such as cloud computing.
Report shows UK Government and IT security experts willing to change governance to benefit from the
CSC have announced the results of a study that reveals a willingness within the government and IT community to be flexible around security governance, in order to benefit from cloud computing and shared services. Results show that users are open to sharing sensitive activities in the cloud, as long as the parties involved share similar characteristics and have the same cultural approach to security.
Accenture and Magneti Marelli Sign Five-Year IVI, Telematics and Embedded Software Agreement
Accenture will collaborate with Magneti Marelli in the design and development of the company's in-vehicle infotainment (IVI), telematics and embedded software initiatives, under a five-year contract.
The growing importance of web customer services
With the increasing presence and interaction of social networks within businesses, it is now more important than ever that companies have their finger on the pulse when it comes to what their customers think. After all, the worst thing that a company can get is a bad reputation.
11 Outsourcing Trends to Watch in 2011
Chinese IT outsourcers turn to Wall Street
China-based companies responsible for one third of venture-backed IPOs
Kenya's ambitions for an outsourced future
Stare out of the office windows at Park Towers and - if you are lucky - you may spot a zebra or a giraffe. The sleek, glass building on the edge of Nairobi National park belongs to Horizon Contact Centers, one of a handful of emerging Kenyan firms that hope to grab a large slice of the global outsourcing market and establish the country as a leading provider of the call centres and back offices of the world.
ICT cuts help government make £1bn savings
Scrapping of ID cards and renegotiation of big contracts help coalition's efficiency savings push
Yearbook Poll
With the Outsourcing Yearbook 2011 set to hit desks in January, we want to hear your opinions on key trends, views on 2010 and upcoming predictions for 2011
Research reveals outsourcing hot among small businesses
Outsourcing business operations is no longer contained to big businesses. A new research reveals that more than 80 per cent of new and small businesses are warming to outsourcing in a bid to cut costs and gain skills.


Sequence of smarana On the sequence of remembering the pastimes of Krishna.
Radha as Shyamaa A description of Radha as the shyama-heroine.
Sakhis and nayikas On the descriptions of the eight sakhis in Dhyanachandra's manual.
On lila-smarana On remembering the pastimes of Gaura and Govinda; memorizing Vilapa-kusumanjali.
The glory of the manjaris In praise of the services of the divine handmaidens of Sri Radha.


Eight hundred years ago, the Magna Carta was given the royal seal to establish it as the quintessential source for justice and human rights. To mark the anniversary of this revolutionary document, this uncirculated coin will be popular.
On 15 June 1215 in Runnymede, Surrey, King John placed a royal seal on one of the most important documents in human history. The Magna Carta (Great Charter) was a revolutionary declaration, ensuring that any future rulers were also bound by laws. With the Magna Carta sealed, their power could not stop citizens enjoying their rights and freedoms. The justice system that we hold dear today,with fair trials and juries, owes its existance to thishistorical artefact.
The Magna Carta has been reissued by Monarchs throughout history, including the 1297 Inspeximus issue sealed by King Edward I, which now takes pride of place at the Australian Parliament House. It is a fitting home for a document to which much Australian – as well as English and American – legislation can trace its roots. It can also be regarded as a forerunner to the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
• Coin's reverse features a representation of King John's original great seal on the 1215 Magna Carta.


3/03/2015�� How To Enable In-Built NTFS Read/Write Function On Mac OS X Mac OS X by default doesn�t allow you to edit files on NTFS formatted drives be it an internal NTFS partition or an external USB flash/hard drive with NTFS format.... How To Enable NTFS Write And Read Access In Mac OSX Mavericks Last updated: September 16, 2014 If you�re like me and you�ve just come to the Apple side or you have an external hard drive (client supplied or old drive lying about) formatted in NTFS, then you will have noticed that Mac OS does not support writing (delete, update or move) to the drive and only allows you to browse and read only.
20/01/2013�� Hi I did everithink like in this guide and now i can even mount or see external ntfs hard drive (tried with 2 different HD, non works). I can see that the hard drive is connected in System Profiler, under USB, but disk is not in a finder or on desktop like before.... This may occur if, say, a write-enabled driver for NTFS is installed before a physical disk with NTFS is introduced to OS X. Restore from NTFS OS X can read NTFS, and so should be able to restore from a .sparsebundle in this environment.
There is SL-NTFS, which isn't maintained anymore, but promises to enable NTFS write support on Snow Leopard (10.6). Because SL-NTFS is basically an interface for configuring the Apple NTFS driver, any issues you might encounter will be related to the Apple driver rather than SL-NTFS.... NTFS write - Enable native OS X Read & Write support for NTFS formatted storage media Submitted by The Fan Club on Thu, 2016-05-05 16:58 NTFS write is an application that allows you to activate read and write support for NTFS hard drives or storage media on Mac OS X.
To Read/Write NTFS from Snow Leopard: Guide: Enable native NTFS Read/Write in Snow Leopard (Be aware that some are of the opinion that enabling native NTFS in SL is unstable/unreliable, and favor the MacFuse/NTFS-3G method for Snow Leopard)... 3/03/2015�� How To Enable In-Built NTFS Read/Write Function On Mac OS X Mac OS X by default doesn�t allow you to edit files on NTFS formatted drives be it an internal NTFS partition or an external USB flash/hard drive with NTFS format.
23/09/2013�� The drive will be NTFS formatted which is READ ONLY in Mac OSX. A. Reformat the HDD in HFS (using disk utility) - WILL NOT WORK IN A WINDOWS PC AFTER.
Once installed, programs like Paragon NTFS for Mac and Tuxera NTFS for Mac allow the MacBook to read NTFS-formatted storage devices as if the storage devices were formatted in HFS+. Tuxera NTFS is compatible with OS X 10.4 and later whereas Paragon NTFS requires at least OS X 10.5.
How To Enable Native Read/Write NTFS for Snow Leopard September 15, 2009 September 15, 2009 Pradeesh Computers & Networks , Hackintosh , My Thoughts , Tips & Tricks Starting from OSX 10.6 , it seems that Apple is included read/write support for NTFS partitions.
One solution is to format your own USB flash drive to exFAT format that both Windows and macOS can read and write, But when someone hands you a NTFS formatUSB flash drive to copy something, it becomes really awkward.


Your Whatever It Takes Agent.
If you are looking for an agent that will go the extra mile, knows exactly what is on the market and off market, and how to get you the most for your money or negotiate for you in order to get the best deal possible Andrea Bergin is the agent for you. When people ask her what she does she replies "whatever it takes".
Andrea Bergin has a passion in Real Estate starting at the young age of 14 where she began working with a Real Estate Publication selling ads to Realtors. She then went into Property Management leasing apartments. In 2014 she got her license in Arizona and soon become the top 3% in Tucson AZ. In 2018 she move back to her hometown in California and received her CA license. With 16 years experience in marketing, sales, customer service, social media and real estate markets she has been able to help 174 families buy or sell their homes. Andrea specializes in Military relocation, investments, and first-time homebuyers. Andrea's expect knowledge in problem solving, negotiation, real estate markets and communication has been only part of why Andrea's business has been built off referrals from past clients, friends, family and Realtor partners around the world. Andrea genuinely and actively listens to find her clients needs, wants and dreams so that she can exceed all clients expectations. Her dedication to serving her community and giving back lead to her being co-chair for Tucson's Silkies Hike which benefits Veterans with PSTD and Suicide awareness. Now Andrea continues to run her business in Southern Arizona and has started growing her business in Southern California. She plans to help in the community to give back to Veterans and children along with helping families buy or sell homes.


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"It was a damn near-run thing," said the Duke of Wellington.
The Iron Duke was speaking of Waterloo.
And for the United States, it was a damn near-run thing that we are not now in a major war — with an enraged Arab and Muslim world viewing sickening videos of dead and dying Syrian women and children from U.S. missile strikes.
Next time, we may not be so lucky. Next time, we may not have Vladimir Putin to pull our chestnuts out of the fire, as he did by seizing on yet another gaffe by John Kerry and converting it into a Russian plan to have Syria identify and surrender its chemical weapons.
Putin pulled President Obama back off the ledge. He saved Obama from having either to ignominiously climb down from his "Assad must go!" and "red line" bluster — or act on his ultimata and plunge us into a war the American people and U.S. military do not want to fight.
Putin was acting in Russia's interests. But in preventing a U.S.-Syrian war, Putin's interests and ours are one.
Russia does not want a confrontation over U.S. missiles falling on its Syrian ally. Do we? Russia does not want a wider Mideast war, which is what a U.S. strike would bring, with Russia and Iran racing to support and re-equip their stricken Syrian ally. Do we want that wider war?
Russia does not want Assad to fall, not only because that would mean a defeat for Russia, but because of the awful consequences.
"The United States State Department has designated Al-Nusra Front and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, fighting with the opposition, as terrorist organizations.
Is Putin wrong? Even Obama seems to fear what Putin fears.
Thus Obama says any U.S. strike would not be intended to bring down Assad. But if he does not want regime change, why is Obama funneling weapons to rebels who are fighting for regime change?
Almost no one fears Assad would use chemical weapons on the United States.
But if he falls, some of these weapons would surely fall into the hands of jihadists who would relish dispatching suicide bombers with nerve gas against Americans.
Putin's policy makes sense. It is Obama's policy that is incoherent.
We demand proof "beyond a reasonable doubt" before we hang murderers. Yet we threaten to kill Syrians for war crimes no one has yet been able to pin directly on Bashar Assad.
Why not prove he ordered the strikes, before we start the war?
John McCain comes out of a meeting with Obama boasting a robust attack is coming. Other senators say they have assurances no such attack is in the cards.
The natural instinct of the American people — Keep us out! — is correct.
Yet the War Party, though temporarily routed, has not given up on its goal — war on Syria, followed by war on Iran.
Lindsay Graham is urging Obama to attack Syria even without Congress's authorization. Bibi Netanyahu, after a call from Obama, is pushing Congress to back a U.S. strike on Syria. Republican leaders John Boehner and Eric Cantor have saluted and signed on to war.
"We have scorched the snake, not killed it." The War Party is not dead.
House Republicans who oppose a U.S. war on Syria speak for the people and should seize this moment to dump Obama conscripts Boehner and Cantor and replace them with leaders who will stand resolutely against Obama's war, against Obamacare, and against amnesty.
—Absent an attack on this country, you have no authority to take us to war against Syria, Iran, or any other nation.
—We are taking back from you the war powers the Fathers gave us.
—We are going to restore our constitutional republic.


Jason Oman – Founder of Success Resources and Author of Conversations with Millionaires: What Millionaires Do to Get Rich, That You Never Learned About in School!
Jason Oman works to makes others successful by sharing secret steps to success. He learned the success secrets from executing several projects with and spending time with many different self-made millionaires. In the late 90's, Jason was a Featured TV Success Story on a TV show with various millionaires. He took this information and wrote his first book 'Conversations with Millionaires' which became a #1 Best-Seller. He followed up with the 'Millionaire Money Formula' and 'Conversations with Female Millionaires.' His latest project helps people create multiple streams of income working from home and shows how home business entrepreneurs are finding more ways to make money and become successful.
Todd Putman – Author of Be More: Find your truth, tell your story, and get what you want out of life.
Todd Putman is a consumer strategist at heart and advocate for mission-driven organizations that deliver societal benefit. Todd serves as General Manager for the Garden Fresh strategic business unit within Campbell Soup Company. Previously, Todd was the Chief Commercial Officer of Bolthouse Farms, where the mission is to Inspire the Fresh Revolution. Todd recently served as an architect of "TeamFNV," a brand collaboration focused on increasing consumption and sales of fruits and vegetables among teens and moms. He also was deeply involved in "Eat Brighter," created to encourage children to make the choice to eat more fruits and vegetables. Both partnerships included the White House and First Lady Michelle Obama's Let's Move! Initiative and the Produce Marketing Association, among others. Todd has over 30 years of experience in general management, marketing, and innovation with powerhouse brands like Procter & Gamble, The Walt Disney Company, and The Coca-Cola Company.


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Politics|Palin's Pipeline Is Years From Being a Reality
Palin's Pipeline Is Years From Being a Reality
By SERGE F. KOVALESKI and MIKE McINTIRE SEPT. 10, 2008
ANCHORAGE — When Gov. Sarah Palin of Alaska took center stage at the Republican convention last week, she sought to burnish her executive credentials by telling how she had engineered the deal that jump-started a long-delayed gas pipeline project.
Stretching more than 1,700 miles, it would deliver natural gas from the North Slope of Alaska to the lower 48 states and be the largest private-sector infrastructure project on the continent.
"And when that deal was struck, we began a nearly $40 billion natural gas pipeline to help lead America to energy independence," said Ms. Palin, the Republican vice-presidential nominee. "That pipeline, when the last section is laid and its valves are opened, will lead America one step farther away from dependence on dangerous foreign powers that do not have our interests at heart."
The reality, however, is far more ambiguous than the impression Ms. Palin has left at the convention and on the campaign trail.
Certainly she proved effective in attracting developers to a project that has eluded Alaska governors for three decades. But an examination of the pipeline project also found that Ms. Palin has overstated both the progress that has been made and the certainty of success.
The pipeline exists only on paper. The first section has yet to be laid, federal approvals are years away and the pipeline will not be completed for at least a decade. In fact, although it is the centerpiece of Ms. Palin's relatively brief record as governor, the pipeline might never be built, and under a worst-case scenario, the state could lose up to $500 million it committed to defray regulatory and other costs.
Contributing to the project's uncertainty is Ms. Palin's antagonistic relationship with the major oil companies that control Alaska's untapped gas reserves.
Ms. Palin won the governor's office in part by capitalizing on populist distaste for the political establishment's coziness with Big Oil, and her pipeline strategy was intended to blunt its power over the process. Her willingness to take on the oil companies has allowed the McCain campaign to portray her as a scourge of special interests.
Now, though, she will need the industry's cooperation if her plan is to succeed, and just this week, her office said she intended to reach out to the North Slope oil companies.
As Ms. Palin takes to the road to campaign with Mr. McCain, invoking the pipeline as a major victory, some Alaska lawmakers who initially endorsed her plan now believe it was a mistake. State Senator Bert Stedman, a Republican who is co-chairman of the finance committee, said that in its contract with the chosen developer, TransCanada, the state bargained away too much leverage with little guarantee of success.
"There is no requirement to lift one shovel of dirt or lay down one inch of steel," he said.
A spokesman for Ms. Palin, Bill McAllister, denied that her recent statements about the pipeline were misleading. He said they should be viewed within the context of the project's long and frustrating history, dating back to the Carter administration.
"When the governor signed the legislation giving her administration the authority to grant the gas line license to TransCanada, Alaska came closer than it has ever been to seeing the project actually happen," Mr. McAllister said. "There is no denying that a major milestone in the project has been reached."
Ms. Palin's pipeline plan has its roots in longstanding efforts to access the trillions of cubic feet of natural gas under the North Slope, where some of the world's major oil companies, including BP, Exxon Mobil and ConocoPhillips, have exploration and development rights. Congress has prodded all parties involved to develop a plan to tap the gas since at least the 1970s, but the private sector has been unwilling to assume the huge cost of building a pipeline without considerable government tax breaks and other concessions.
Ms. Palin's push for a pipeline is central to her view that Alaska, with its North Slope gas resources, is a key to helping the United States develop an energy policy that embraces increased domestic production of gas and oil and the development of renewable and alternative energy sources.
Her predecessor, Frank H. Murkowski, had negotiated an exclusive pipeline deal with the major oil producers that proved unpopular with lawmakers and was never acted on. In the 2006 Republican primary, Ms. Palin wielded Mr. Murkowski's pipeline proposal against him, calling it a sweetheart deal for Big Oil, which treated Alaska like a colony and faced little resistance from past governors.
Once elected, Ms. Palin set about fashioning an alternative that was essentially a 180-degree turn, intended to open up the bidding process to other companies. It also did away with incentives that a consultant for the Legislature estimated would have saved the oil companies an estimated $10 billion over 30 to 40 years. Ms. Palin also rehired key state oil and gas officials, including Marty K. Rutherford, who had quit, and Tom Irwin, who had been fired, after opposing Mr. Murkowski's approach.
Mr. Irwin said Ms. Palin wanted to create an environment for a larger number of companies in the energy industry to openly compete to build the pipeline, rather than just handing a favorable deal to the North Slope oil producers. Ms. Palin's objectives were enshrined in the Alaska Gasline Inducement Act, introduced just months into her governorship.
"We were going nowhere; the producers were holding us hostage," said Ms. Rutherford, who heads Ms. Palin's gas pipeline team. "They were demanding great value from the state with no guarantee to do anything for us."
While Ms. Palin's legislation did away with the concessions to the oil companies that she considered to be excessive, it committed the state to paying the winning bidder up to $500 million in matching money to offset costs of obtaining regulatory approvals and other expenses. Ms. Rutherford, whose team recommended the subsidy, said the governor was reluctant but eventually agreed that the state had to share in the risk to that degree; the $500 million amounts to about 10 percent of the projected state budget surplus this year.
The bill sailed through the Legislature in May 2007. Only a single lawmaker, the House majority leader, Ralph Samuels, a Republican, voted against it. When the state solicited proposals from interested companies, it soon became apparent that the big oil companies would not participate. One of them, ConocoPhillips, submitted a proposal outside the process, but it was swiftly rejected by the Palin administration.
Of the five companies that eventually bid, Ms. Palin's administration chose TransCanada Pipelines, which operates 36,500 miles of pipeline across North America. TransCanada had previously tried to negotiate a pipeline deal with the Murkowski administration, but was sidelined by the governor in favor of the big oil companies, some officials who were involved in the talks said. That contributed to the rift that led to the departures of Mr. Irwin, Ms. Rutherford and five others from the state Department of Natural Resources.
Natural gas, on the agenda at the Republican convention. Credit Stan Honda/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
The proposal that TransCanada negotiated with the Murkowski administration was structured differently from the current one and had no provision for a $500 million state subsidy, said two people who reviewed it and who spoke on condition of anonymity because the proposal remains confidential.
Of the Palin aides familiar with TransCanada from those earlier negotiations, Ms. Rutherford had an unusually close connection. For 10 months in 2003, she was a partner in a consulting and lobbying firm whose clients included Foothills Pipe Lines Ltd., a subsidiary of TransCanada.
Ms. Rutherford said in an interview that after TransCanada submitted its pipeline proposal to the Palin administration, she and the governor never discussed whether her role on the team might be viewed as improper or give the appearance of a conflict of interest.
Ms. Rutherford, who said she had not lobbied for Foothills but had done research and analysis, stated that she was not one of the pipeline team members who recommended a developer to Ms. Palin. That was done by Mr. Irwin and Patrick S. Galvin, the commissioner of the Department of Revenue, she said.
"At the end of the day, I was not a decider," said Ms. Rutherford, who acknowledged reading the proposals and discussing them with others on the team.
Mr. McAllister, the spokesman for Ms. Palin, said that Ms. Rutherford was not in a position to gain anything from her past association with TransCanada and that her role posed no conflict.
When the Legislature ratified the choice of TransCanada this summer, Ms. Palin called a news conference to hail the deal, saying that the state had finally obtained a commitment to build the pipeline. But after some of her aides offered a more restrained assessment, she dialed back her exuberance, saying, "We're not turning dirt yet."
Under the most optimistic circumstances, dirt is not expected to be turned for years. TransCanada's plan calls for it to file an application with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission by the end of 2011, and to have the pipeline operational by late 2018. The company is not obligated to proceed with the project even if it clears all the financial and regulatory hurdles.
In assessing the state of the project, Mr. Galvin, the state revenue commissioner, avoided the characterization that Ms. Palin employed in her convention speech. A number of important decisions remain in the relationship between the state and TransCanada, he said, including whether the state will ultimately endorse the company's application to the federal government.
"We've started to build the framework for this project to move forward," he said.
The state's commitment to match some start-up expenses, up to $500 million, is among several aspects of the deal that have prompted some legislators to second-guess their initial support.
Lyda Green, a Republican and president of the State Senate, voted for Ms. Palin's Alaska Gasline Inducement Act but said that in the interim, it has not "shown itself to be open and competitive, and it is a very expensive risk."
"I regret the vote now," she said last week.
Mr. Stedman, the Senate finance committee co-chairman, said he now believes that the Legislature was overly eager to support a new governor and see a pipeline project move forward. He contended that Ms. Palin's bill seemed intentionally written to keep the three major Alaska oil producers from submitting proposals. Demonizing Big Oil, he added, could come back to haunt the state.
"It's a sad state of affairs, but it's true: if you look at the politics of the state and you want to have a devil, you can point at Exxon, as well as at BP and Conoco," Mr. Stedman said. "It is good politics."
Beyond the $500 million subsidy, a central criticism of the deal is that for it to succeed, TransCanada needs to secure shipping commitments from the oil companies, which control most of the North Slope gas resources. Those pledges are far from certain.
State officials have pointed out that they have the authority to revoke the oil and gas leases if the companies act unreasonably by refusing to extract the gas from the ground. Indeed, last month the state sought to pull 44 of Exxon's leases at Point Thomson, arguing that the company had not moved on any of its nearly two dozen plans submitted over the years to develop the area, and that the last well Exxon drilled there was in the early 1980s, Mr. Irwin said.
Tony Palmer, vice president in charge of Alaska operations for TransCanada, said he was confident that shipping arrangements could be worked out with the North Slope companies, saying TransCanada had long had other agreements with them. He praised Ms. Palin for providing "impressive leadership to move this project forward," and said TransCanada had already begun preliminary fieldwork.
Meanwhile, the oil companies seem to be charting a course of their own. A month before Ms. Palin announced the selection of TransCanada, BP and ConocoPhillips unveiled a partnership to construct their own pipeline, and started the process of seeking federal certification.
Publicly, Ms. Palin welcomed the producers' involvement, calling it a validation of her overall effort to galvanize interest in a pipeline. But it is unclear whether the oil companies are seriously pursuing it or are simply trying to throw a wrench into the TransCanada plan.
Bud Fackrell, the president of the BP-Conoco venture, called Denali-The Alaska Gas Pipeline, said the companies were committed to spending about $600 million to line up customers.
"This not a bluff," he said. "Six hundred million dollars is not chump change."
Mr. Fackrell raised one of the critical issues for the North Slope producers: taxes. He said that for Denali to attract customers, they "need to know what the tax regime is going to be or they will be hesitant to sign up" for 25-year shipping commitments. They are asking the state for "fiscal certainty," Mr. Fackrell added.
Mr. Fackrell contended that among the virtues of the joint venture was BP and Conoco's more than 30 years of experience on the North Slope, building the infrastructure and operating most of the facilities there.
He left open the possibility that TransCanada could become part of the venture.
A version of this article appears in print on , on Page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Palin's Pipeline Is Years From Being a Reality. Order Reprints| Today's Paper|Subscribe
Moving Gas From the Alaskan Arctic FEB. 22, 2015
Squad of G.O.P. Aides Prepares Palin for Interviews SEPT. 10, 2008

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Auto Scroll to #ID1 #ID2 #ID3 in X time how are you?
I was wondering how to Automaticly Scroll (without touching anything) from ID #one to ID #two and ID #three in X amount of time.
Like, when the page LOADS it loads into ID #one but after 5 secs need to scroll to ID #two and after 5 seconds to ID #three
How can i do this?
Im using wordpress so i can use jQuery or JavaScript
Thanks so much!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"DIY Delivery Systems: The Extracurriculum in the Age of Neoliberalism" considers how historical shifts in circuits of production, distribution, and consumption affect the authorial desires of writers outside of the classroom. As such, I suggest that while theories of desire promise a rich theoretical framework for understanding the extracurriculum, the field's more widely applied term — self-sponsorship — reflects a neoliberal emphasis on human agency. In making a case for this schism, I borrow from theories of affect and assemblage and investigate the extracurriculum of do-it-yourself (DIY) publishers — those writers who continue to use print in the twenty-first century as a means for expression, producing and circulating self-made texts — in an age where digital-only tools, such as blogs and social media, are passed off as compulsory platforms for public voice. Understanding desire as a more significant component of the extracurriculum requires scholars to account for both the material and historical shifts in delivery systems that produce certain networks, as well as the ordinary affects such shifts have on public writers. As such, I attribute the emergence of one such assemblage — the Canadian magazine Broken Pencil, which has covered DIY publishing and art since it was founded 1995 — not only to its editors, writers, and readers, but an amalgamation of globalized neoliberalism and the rise of the commercial web. As such, this study suggests that while these forces have helped DIY publishers expand their networks, this has been at the expense of a different sort of politics than those cultivated by radical, print-only self-publishers throughout the twentieth century. Ultimately, I suggest that in order to study and teach multimodal public writing, we must develop an understanding of the numerous intermediaries — the various circuits of production, distributions, exchange, and consumption — that have shaped authorship and readership through time.
Luther, Jason Wesley, "DIY Delivery Systems: The Extracurriculum in the Age of Neoliberalism" (2017). Dissertations - ALL. 773.


'Lexicon' - Names and Places Only!
Now you have a Book with all the Transliterated, Translated Names and Places found in the Eth Cepher. Hebrew to English, English to Hebrew. As you familiarize yourself to the Eth Cepher, this Book is in valuable in your studies!!!
This Eth Cepher Lexicon is offered to assist the reader of the Eth Cepher, in understanding the transliterated names that are included therein.
This is an absolutely Fantastic piece of work! This is a Quality Black Linen Hardcover book. Beautiful to look and touch! Pages are very high quality paper, easy to read type font!
A treasured book that you will have for years and years to come. For more information on this you can look up these fine folks at cepher.net.
This is an excellent Book, you won't be disappointed!


Recently, we stumbled upon a 3D Audio Spectrum on Analyzer on YouTube. We were mesmerized by it.
For this project, we will use the electronic circuit we put together from our Arduino based Audio Spectrum Visualizer project to drive our jolliCube re-arranged with the 2 sets of 3D 8x8x4 LED Matrix displays placed side by side to form a 3D Stereo Audio Spectrum Visualizer Display.
To build the 2 sets of 3D LED Matrix displays is to practically build the entire jolliCube up with only some steps omitted.
Follow main Steps 1 to 6 in our instructable for JolliCube - an 8x8x8 LED Cube (SPI) to build the 2 sets of 3D LED Matrix displays but omit steps 5, 7 and 15 at Step 5: Assembly Part 2 - Complete the LED Cube with control circuit if you do not intend to use them to create an 8x8x8 LED cube.
Our 3D stereo audio spectrum visualizer shall be driven by an Arduino Nano. We will basically be using two MSGEQ7 IC chips made by Mixed Signal Integration to separate the audio into bands.
The MSGEQ7 IC is a single channel seven band Graphic Equalizer Display Filter. By feeding an audio signal to it, it will filter out seven frequency bands centered around 63Hz, 160Hz, 400Hz, 1,000Hz, 2,500Hz, 6,250Hz, and 16,000Hz. The seven frequencies are peak detected and multiplexed to the output to provide a DC representation of the amplitude of each band. All we need is to read these DC values with the microcontroller analog input and output the spectrum to the 3D LED Matrix displays. We need two MSGEQ7 ICs here, one for the left and another for the right audio channel. The wiring connection diagram above shows how a MSGEQ7 IC is typically connected.
The two sets of 3D LED Matrix displays completed in Step 1 are connected together with the two MSGEQ7 ICs and micro-controller as shown in the wiring diagram above. An Arduino Nano is used here to control the entire electronic circuit setup. Note the use of 12Kohms pull-down resistors on the LOAD input pins for the 3D LED Matrix displays. When power is first applied to the micro-controller or when they are reset, their I/O lines float. The 3D LED Matrix display's MAX7219 ICs can see this as valid data and display garbage until the micro-controller gains control. The pull-down resistors prevent these problems.
Except for the two sets of 3D LED Matrix displays, we hook up the entire circuit on a small piece of perf-board around 110mm x 30mm. See above for our completed circuit on perf-board. Note there are two 3.5mm stereo audio jack sockets in the wiring diagram. One serves as a stereo audio input and the other is a pass-through output which allows you to connect this Audio Spectrum Visualizer in-line between your audio source and your stereo system.
The MSGEQ7 ICs are available at reputable stores such as SparkFun. You may be able to find these ICs cheaper at some other stores but most of these cheap ICs have quality issues.
We have came up with just a single effect for our audio spectrum visualizer. You may work to come up with more variety of effects for your audio spectrum visualizer.
Upload the 3D Audio Spectrum Visualizer program to your Arduino Nano. Then connect the Audio Spectrum Visualizer board to the two 3D LED Matrix displays. See the picture above for the connections.
Power up the entire setup via your Arduino Nano/Uno. Any USB port/adapter which is able to supply at least 500mA should be suitable. For our demo video, we connect our Notebook PC's headphone output to the audio input of our Audio Spectrum Visualizer board. Play your favorite song or music and Enjoy the Show!
To ensure our Audio Spectrum Visualizer is responding according to our design, we downloaded an Android Audio Signal Generator apps from Google Play to our Smartphone for testing.
There are quite a handful of Android apps around which may also be suitable for testing. Here, we will be using the Audio Test Tone Generator version 1.2.0 developed by Digital Antics. This application comes with preset frequencies which are just right for testing our audio spectrum visualizer which is based on the MSGEQ7 ICs. Basically, we use this application to generate the 7 frequencies ( 63Hz, 160Hz, 400Hz, 1,000Hz, 2,500Hz, 6,250Hz, and 16,000Hz) and input them to our spectrum Visualizer to check that our 3D LED Matrix displays are displaying correctly. Note that one of the preset frequency used for the test is 6,300Hz whereas the actual test frequency is for 6,250Hz. This should not affect our testing since the difference in frequency is not significant.
The apps is quite intuitive for use and so we will not delve into the detail on how we carry out the testing. You may check out the following video on how we carry out the test.
You may want to protect your investment after putting in all these hours creating your 3D Stereo Audio Spectrum Visualizer by building an enclosure for it.
We have not built a complete and permanent enclosure for our project yet. What we have here is simply a protective casing made of acrylic sheets with our electronic control board hidden below the base.
We are sure you are creative and resourceful enough to build a beautiful enclosure for your project.
Thanks for the post checkout the best 3d audio app for android.
Anyone else set this up successfully? I can run the Jollicube just fine but I'm not having much luck with the spectrum visualizer. All of the LEDs stay lit except the 63hz columns (which don't light at all) and there is a high pitched whine from the output.


text:
Driving ban for pop singer Jay Kay
The pop singer Jay Kay was banned from driving for six months and fined Ј750 yesterday for speeding at 105mph on one of Scotland's most notorious roads.
The singer, who fronts the chart-topping band Jamiroquai and who appeared in court under his real name, Jason Kay, was stopped by police after overtaking a string of vehicles on a stretch of the A9 near Perth earlier this year.
He admitted the speeding charge by letter in July but was ordered to appear in person at Perth Sheriff Court yesterday for sentencing. Sheriff Robert McCreadie told him his conduct was "entirely unacceptable", reports Scotsman.
"I'd set out early in the morning but had become stuck behind slow moving traffic on the single-carriageway road," he wrote.
"That meant I had been travelling for four hours at an average of about 30 miles an hour (48 km/h) by this stage. I was not driving a fast sports car but a four-wheel drive vehicle, which meant I wanted to make the most of this overtaking opportunity.
"I appreciate the maximum penalty for this offence could lead to the loss of my licence and this is a matter of grave concern to me." McCreadie told him his conduct was "entirely unacceptable.", wrote London Free Press.
&to=http:// english.pravda.ru/main/18/90/361/13324_Tatu.html' target=_blank> Pregnant singer from Tatu is off for London
&to=http:// english.pravda.ru/main/2002/07/30/33450.html' target=_blank> Russian singer Alena Apina praises bin Laden's deeds


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I grew up in Exeter on one of the busiest blocks of Wyoming Avenue), where we had SEVEN places to buy candy! As a kid I was obsessed with my maps, my Big Wheel and TV. I could barely contain myself when we went from FOUR to EIGHT channels with cable in second grade. At this point, I was memorizing the TV Guide and making up my own schedules! Thought I wanted to go into TV (programming or behind-the-scenes) in college, but was having WAY too much fun at King's WRKC. "You could make a living doing THIS?".Always a big music fan, it was a good fit.
–have been happily married to Beth since 2002—a former Magic 93 DJ introduced us. We are the proud parents of Joey (born in the Summer of 2011).
–call my mom every day.
–am a die-hard Minnesota Vikings fan. Maybe someday we'll win the Super Bowl?
Travel. Favorite vacations—Italy, Hawaii, Bermuda. I've seen MOST of the 50 states and my favorite US getaways—New England, Key West, Memphis, New Orleans, Chicago and New York City and San Francisco.
Golf. I'm at the point now where I won't embarrass myself, so that's sort of an accomplishment isn't it? I do like the Outdoors quite a bit and am hoping to get my son to get the bug.
Food. I'm a novice cook, a decent "griller" but also love to go out. As a guy, atmosphere isn't so important, so I'd most certainly recommend a dive if the food is amazing! Favorite foods: sushi, ice cream, Italian hoagies, seafood, pie, Mexican (so many great new restaurants locally), pizza, just about anything Thai and a great steak every so often. I am trying to be a little more heart healthy these days, but that's just a part of growing up.
Bargain Shopping. It really is a sport, you know.
Music. I have a vast CD and Record collection which I've been adding to for some twenty-five years thanks to record stores (disappearing), flea markets and estate sales. I'm quite partial to soul, early rock n' roll, jazz, alternative, alt-country and African pop, but really like anything that's catchy with a good beat.


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Park Rules Section 148 of the Town of Poughkeepsie Town Code. This section includes the Town Ordinances and Rules related to parks.
Peach Hill Brochure Outside Outside of 2017 Peach Hill Park Brochure with general information.
Peach Hill Park Brochure Inside-Trail Map Inside of 2017 Peach Hill Park Brochure. This includes trail map and trail descriptions.
Town Park Listing Listing of town owned and town operated parks.


In 2010, the Group of Twenty summit in Toronto made international headlines for all the wrong reasons: violent protest, hundreds of arrests and the violation of civilians' rights by police. That year's Group of Eight (G8) summit, held in Huntsville, Ontario, was also criticized for the government's mismanagement of funds and an overall lack of transparency and accountability.
As a result of recommendations by the federal auditor general, the entirety of the 2018 Charlevoix summit — its planning, agenda, logistics and security — will fall under one minister's responsibility.
On December 7, as part of an expressed desire by Trudeau that the 2018 summit and its planning be transparent, inclusive and informed by input from a broad range of perspectives, Boehm participated in a dialogue on Canada's G7 presidency at the University of Toronto, an event jointly hosted by the Canadian International Council, the Munk School of Global Affairs and Trinity College's G7 Research Group.
Boehm has already taken part in similar events in Vancouver and Quebec City, and more are to come in the new year. The goal is not only to hear from Canadians on issues that are important to them but also to "demystify" the G7 and how the group's process works.
In an interview with OpenCanada ahead of the University of Toronto event, Boehm laid out the government's priorities for its 2018 G7 presidency.
Along with inclusive economic growth — which has in the past been the G7's main raison d'être — and a traditional focus on security issues, Boehm was enthusiastic about an agenda that will highlight gender equality and climate change.
"We're going to mainstream gender equality throughout what we do…we strongly believe that initiatives should be channelled in that way," said Boehm, who in his previous role as deputy minister of international development was heavily involved in the engineering of Canada's new feminist international assistance policy.
"We're going to mainstream gender equality throughout what we do."
"We strongly believe that sexual and reproductive health rights are important for women and girls, not just in development policy but all the way through," Boehm said, adding that Canadians should expect an announcement with more details on the government's gender equality strategy before the end of the year.
In addition to Canada's broader agenda goals, Boehm expects a host of other topics to come up, such as North Korea, cyber security, Indigenous issues and mental health.
Of course, professed approval from a small sampling of Canadians is one thing — the real question hanging in the air is this: How can Canada ensure its G7 goals are achieved, when so many of those goals are at odds with views expressed by US President Donald Trump?
"I don't think...that isolating one member on one issue necessarily works."
On gender equality — an area where some experts worry that more specific issues, such as sexual and reproductive health rights, risk getting pushed off the agenda — Boehm also acknowledged that Canada's desire to go beyond women's economic empowerment to social policy areas such as women's health, educational opportunities and gender-based violence, is not shared by all G7 countries.
Boehm said that every governmental working group in Ottawa tasked with discussing ideas around what Canada will want to put forward in its presidency year will have a gender equality expert embedded in it.
During the Q&A, Amanda Sussman of Plan International asked Boehm how focused Canada will be on a "tangible outcome" for next year's summit. Boehm responded that Trudeau's vision for Canada's presidency didn't necessarily include the announcing of a concrete initiative, like the Maternal, Newborn and Child Health initiative that came out of the 2010 summit, or a major financial pledge, like the $12.9 billion promised in Montreal at last year's replenishment conference of the Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, noting that recently he has detected traces of fatigue in the international donor community.
On the possibility of Canada's best-laid plans being derailed by an unpredictable US administration, Boehm said: "The leaders are really only together for about 48 hours, so are we going to solve all the problems in the world? No. Can they have a good discussion and push things forward? Yes. Can they convince some of the more recalcitrant leaders that maybe they should be a bit more open-minded? There's a good possibility of that too."


One of my favorite parts of traveling is the planning that goes into it. I love to pour through books, magazines and online resources to put together the perfect itinerary for our family. So then why did we choose to travel with an organized group on our recent trip to Costa Rica? I won't travel with just any group and a lot of vetting went into selecting the right tour for us. I had heard really great things about Thomson Family Adventures and it seemed like a good fit for our family so I wanted to give it a try. Thomson specializes in family adventure travel, they organize their trips around school holidays, and they keep their groups small (we were with one other family from New Jersey with a 7-year-old son). Plus, sometimes it's nice for me to sit back and let somebody else worry about all the logistics and I just need to show up!
We booked the Costa Rica multi-sport itinerary that fell during our kids' Presidents Week school break. We first traveled to Costa Rica in 2014 and our kids have been asking to go back ever since. The itinerary with Thomson took us to places in Costa Rica where we hadn't yet been. We spent one night in San Jose upon arrival and the next morning headed to Tortuguero on the Caribbean side where we stayed for 2 nights. Next we went to Manuel Antonio National Park on the Pacific side where we stayed for another 2 nights. Finally we returned to San Jose for one last night and flew out the following day. I'll write about our entire trip in detail – this first post is about our first full day traveling from San Jose to Tortuguero.
Tortuguero is located on the northern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. Getting there requires a bit of time and effort, but it's well worth the investment. Tortuguero is accessible only by boat or plane. We traveled by bus as far as the road would take us (about 3 hours from San Jose) and then caught a river boat to take us the rest of the way there (about an hour more).
After leaving San Jose we traveled down the mountain through a cloud forest and then drove through banana plantations. Along the way, our guide spotted some monkeys and sloth's so we got out to take a look. Notice that the sloths fur has a green tint to it – that's algae which grows on its fur to help it camouflage.
Our first wildlife spotting – a sloth! Notice his green fur? That's algae!
The sloths really did look like they were moving in slow motion. This guy hanging from a wire would lift his hand off and reach for a new spot, but it took what felt like 30 seconds to complete the move!
We arrived at a large gathering area with lots of other busses full of people getting onto the little river boats. Our hotel, Mawumba Lodge, had a boat waiting for us so we climbed aboard and set out to navigate our way to Tortuguero through the maze of canals. Our captain stopped or slowed down several times so he could point out interesting birds and one large crocodile basking on the riverbank.
After checking in at Mawumba Lodge, we settled into our rooms and then had a little bit of time before lunch. The kids loved relaxing in the hammocks on our porch and around the hotel. The boys found some lounge chairs by the pool where they waited until lunch was ready (the open-air restaurant is right behind them).
Because we traveled with a group, we didn't do any hotel research, but were very happy with the hotel. The property was lush, beautiful and well manicured. The rooms were comfortable and a good size without excess furniture like desks & TVs. There was wi-fi in the common areas (pool, restaurant, bar, lobby), but not in the rooms. Our meals were all included – the only thing we paid extra for was drinks from the bar. We loved the location too. The narrow island (not much wider than the length of a football field) is bordered by the canal on one side and the Caribbean Sea on the other and we were on the island with the main town. Other hotels were on islands/land bordered on both sides by the canals so a boat was required to get to the sea. We were warned that the sea was much too dangerous to swim in, but we loved exploring the beaches and getting our feet wet.
After lunch we made our way into town via the beach and a cute little path that paralleled the beach.
Our first stop was the Sea Turtle Conservancy where we learned about their efforts to protect sea turtles. Tortuguero was declared a national park in 1975 to help protect the sea turtles which were being killed en mass for their meat, eggs and shells. The Conservancy monitors nesting trends, growth rates and reproductive success.
For $30 we adopted a turtle and received an adoption certificate, a subscription to their membership publication (we've already received our first edition!) and the honor of naming the turtle! As you can imagine, trying to get three kids to agree on one name under a time constraint was challenging. They finally (reluctantly) agreed on "Fish" and to make it more interesting spelled it "Phish". When the turtle returns to nest we will also get updates on how she's doing.
Next we ran (literally) to make it in time for our cacao tour at Casa Cecropia from husband & wife team (Rafael & Claire). We learned about the history and production of cacao beans into chocolate and we got to participate the whole way through. We saw the cacao trees growing in their yard, tasted the beans straight out of the fruit and at every step in the production including dried, roasted and then in hot chocolate where we got to mix in our own ingredients (vanilla, chili pepper, cinnamon, etc).
Grinding the beans on a volcanic slab.
Before we left, they offered to give us cacao tattoos. They warned us that it would stay on for about 10 days (12 days later they have faded to where we can barely see them anymore). Because of our kids fair coloring, they added some food coloring to the liquid so they could see the paint going on. The kids loved getting "tattoos"!
After the tour we hopped into a river boat and returned to our hotel for dinner and to rest up for our jungle safari the following day.
We got around by either walking – or boating!


text:
\section{Introduction}

The low Earth orbit (LEO) environment is becoming increasingly crowded \cite{lemmens2020esaannual}, with an estimate of more than half a million uncontrolled orbiting objects bigger than 1 cm in length.\footnote{\url{https://sdup.esoc.esa.int/discosweb/statistics/} (August 2020)} Furthermore, the space population is expected to increase more in the future, due to the expansion of the space sector and the advent of megaconstellations \cite{kennewell2013overview,muelhaupt2019space,radtke2017interactions,rossi2017quantitative}. This scenario poses a danger to operational satellites, scientific missions, and the future of human access to space since the risk of collision among spacecraft will increase, with an increased risk of a cascade of collisions that could affect the whole space population---the Kessler syndrome \cite{kessler1978collision}. Moreover, the burden on human operators that have to maneuver these satellites can become complex and unmanageable \cite{merz2017current}. Several guidelines have been developed by the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) in recent years to mitigate collision risk in the future \cite{inter2007iadc}. Meanwhile, space agencies, private operators and the research community have been investigating ways to tackle this problem \cite{walker2004cost,krag2012consideration,vasile2018artificial,zuiani2012preliminary,kumar2015agora,visagie2015drag}. Current collision avoidance strategies are based on techniques that assess the risk of collision between pairs of objects, starting from a series of conjunction data messages (CDMs) associated with a potential collision event.

A CDM is automatically issued by the US-based Combined Space Operations Center (CSpOC), which uses the data provided by the US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) that routinely observes and tracks objects in space via a global Space Surveillance Network (SSN). The CDMs are issued to the owner/operator (O/O) of the involved spacecraft. Usually, they contain the following information about a potential collision event: (1) the predicted orbital position and velocity of the two objects at their time of closest approach (TCA); (2) information related to the physical simulation environment used for making the predictions; (3) the propagated uncertainty information about the two objects' physical states, in the form of covariances. Additionally, they might also optionally contain other details about the probability of collision and the method used to compute it. The data contained in CDMs are calculated by CSpOC through a range of different algorithms, involving the propagation of uncertainties from current observational data up until the time of closest approach \cite{vallado2001fundamentals,sun2019nonlinear,jones2013nonlinear,vasile2019set,adurthi2015conjugate}.
Once uncertainties are propagated to TCA, several algorithms can be used for the evaluation of collision risk (i.e., the probability that the two objects will collide at TCA) \cite{alfriend1999probability,patera2001general, klinkrad2010space,patera2003satellite,chan2008spacecraft}. The operators then use this information combined with their own risk assessment and data (e.g., telemetry) to decide whether to undertake a maneuver to avoid the conjunction.

Usually, for each collision event a time series of CDMs covering one week is released. At the European Space Operations Center (ESOC) of the European Space Agency (ESA), CDM updates are received roughly every eight hours. However, they do not necessarily contain updated information for both the objects, since very often only one of the two objects (the \emph{target}, often an operational satellite) is well observed, whereas the other one (the \emph{chaser}, often a piece of debris) is not \cite{merz2017current}. Target and chaser objects have different frequency of observation updates and uncertainty characteristics, creating a complex setting where the tools of probabilistic machine learning (ML) and simulation-based inference \cite{cranmer2020frontier} are applicable. A major obstacle in applying ML in this setting is the scarcity of publicly available data, where space agencies are reluctant to share data due to security concerns, and a severe class imbalance in any conjunction dataset as collisions are rare events.

In this work, we build a physics-based probabilistic generative model to simulate spacecraft orbits, observations, and the CDM generation process, using probabilistic programming \cite{IntroProbProg}. We calibrate the model using real data, and use it to perform Bayesian inference. We show that this approach could play a pivotal role in helping operators determine the key variables that lead to conjunction events and to make predictions that are reliable (i.e., with associated uncertainties) and explainable (in the context of model-based Bayesian inference). The approach also enables the sampling of large datasets of synthetic but realistic conjunction events that can deliver much-needed publicly available data for the ML and space communities to develop and evaluate new techniques.

\section{Probabilistic Programming}
Probabilistic programming is a paradigm that allows to specify probabilistic models for data generation and to perform inference in the model conditioned on observed data \cite{wood2014new,IntroProbProg}. Using a universal programming language enhanced by two constructs (\texttt{sample} and \texttt{observe}), a domain expert can describe a system's behavior using general-purpose (Turing-complete) programming languages, essentially creating a stochastic simulator in which one can perform automated Bayesian inference \cite{etalumis}. We denote the observable data we want to perform inference on as $\mathbf{y}$, and assume that $\mathbf{y}$ can be generated by executing a generative program that depends on the values sampled from some latent variables $\mathbf{x}$. A probabilistic program specifies the joint probability distribution $p(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y}) = p(\mathbf{y}\vert\mathbf{x})\,p(\mathbf{x}) $ in terms of the prior distributions $p(\mathbf{x})$ over the latent variables $\mathbf{x}$ (using the \texttt{sample} statements), an interpretable procedure that computes $\mathbf{y}$ given $\mathbf{x}$, and a likelihood distribution $p(\mathbf{y}\vert\mathbf{x})$ (using the \texttt{observe} statements). The model can be run forward by sampling $\mathbf{x}$ from the priors and applying the generative procedure to generate some data $\mathbf{y}$. However, probabilistic programming also allows to invert the generative process to perform inference, i.e., given some observed data $\mathbf{y}$, infer distributions over the latent variables $\mathbf{x}$ that could have generated $\mathbf{y}$. In other words, inference aims to compute the posterior distribution $p(\mathbf{x}\vert\mathbf{y})$, which represents our updated belief about the latents $\mathbf{x}$ after incorporating the information from observed data $\mathbf{y}$.

The order in which the execution of a probabilistic program encounters \texttt{sample} statements may be different from one execution to another. Hence, a way to uniquely identify each of their executions is to represent the execution trace of a probabilistic program as a sequence $\mathcal{T}= \{(x_t,a_t,i_t)\}^T_{t=1}$, where $x_t$, $a_t$ and $i_t$ respectively represent the sampled value, the lexical address of the statement in the program and the instance (i.e. a counter recording the number of times the \texttt{sample} statement at address $a_t$ has been called until the time step $t$) of the $t-$th entry in the trace. The trace length $T$ and ordering can change at each execution. For each trace, we can collect the $T$ sampled values in a sequence $\mathbf{x} := \{x_t\}^T_{t=1}$. Assuming, for notation simplicity, that the order in which the \texttt{observe} statements are encountered is fixed, we can denote the observed values as $\mathbf{y} := \{(y_n)\}_{n=1}^N$.

The joint probability density of an execution trace is therefore $p(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y}) := \prod_{t=1}^T f_{a_t}(x_t\vert x_{1:t-1}) \prod_{n=1}^N g_n(y_n\vert x_{1:\tau(n)}),$ where $f_{a_t}$ is the probability distribution specified by the \texttt{sample} statement $d_t$ at address $a_t$ (i.e., the prior conditional density given the sample values $x_{1:t-1}$ before encountering the $t-$th \texttt{sample} statement) and $g_n$ is the probability distribution specified by the $n-$th \texttt{observe} statement (i.e., the likelihood density given the sample values $x_{1:\tau(n)}$ obtained before encountering the $n-$th \texttt{observe} statement, where $\tau$ maps the index $n$ of the \texttt{observe} statement to the index of the last \texttt{sample} statement encountered before the $n-$th \texttt{observe} statement during the execution of the program).
In this framework, performing inference means computing an approximation of the posterior $p(\mathbf{x}\vert\mathbf{y})$ and the expectations over chosen functions $\xi$ under the posterior, i.e., $I_\xi = \int \xi(\mathbf{x})p(\mathbf{x}\vert\mathbf{y})d\mathbf{x}$. Many inference procedures are available for this purpose \cite{Wingate2011, Ritchie2016b, Wood2014,Rainforth2016, IC, ICAttention}. For the preliminary results presented in this paper we use importance sampling (likelihood weighting) \cite{IntroProbProg}.

\section{Probabilistic Model of Orbits, Conjunctions, and CDM Generation}

The proposed stochastic generative model includes the orbital mechanics of the target and chaser and a CDM generation pipeline (incorporating domain knowledge) that mimics the real-world CDM issuing process. An essential part of our probabilistic model are the distributions characterizing the objects and their orbits. We first generate ground truth trajectories of chaser and target by sampling the initial conditions (i.e., initial \emph{two-line elements} \cite{tle}) from prior distributions of the LEO population that we constructed based on real data from the public USSTRATCOM catalog and ESA DISCOS database\footnote{\url{https://discosweb.esoc.esa.int/}} (Figure~\ref{fig:dists}), and instantiating the objects. We then simulate the objects for seven days using physics-based orbit propagators, which model the object's state (position and velocity) taking factors such as drag, radiation, and gravitation effects from planetary bodies into account.

Once this is achieved, a check is made to inspect if a conjunction alert is to be issued (by checking if the distance between the two objects is less than a threshold of 5 km). If that is true then the event is flagged as a conjunction and further monitoring is required leading to a series of generated CDMs. In this work, we calibrated the satellite measurement errors using anonymized real conjunction data released by ESA as the Kelvins challenge.\footnote{\url{https://kelvins.esa.int/collision-avoidance-challenge/data/} (September 2020)} For doing this, we tuned the initial observation measurement noise up until the propagated covariance values at TCA were matching the data from Kelvins. This calibration was done by inspection (i.e., checking whether the distributions of covariances overlapped) and we plan to assess this in a more systematic fashion in future work. Besides the covariances, one could think of calibrating the probabilistic generative model with other real CDM data. However, the main hindrance for a full calibration of the model is caused by the lack of publicly available data, which can only be addressed by collaborating with an owner/operator of satellites.

For issuing CDMs, the state of target and chaser are observed with some associated uncertainty (that vary depending on the sensors used to observe the objects, such as GPS, radar, etc.), then a series of orbit simulation are performed to propagate the state and the associated uncertainties to a future time range. Not only the nominal state, but also the associated initial uncertainties (due to observation errors) are propagated at future times by using a sample-based Monte Carlo approach \cite{yanez2019gaussianity}.

Therefore, the essential elements for a probabilistic generative model of CDMs are: the initial state of both chaser and target, the dynamical environment characteristics (that depend on the simulator used for orbit propagation), the associated observation uncertainties (that are propagated into the future) and the method used for propagating them until time of closest approach. For our preliminary experiments we use SGP4 for orbit propagation, a fast low-precision propagator \cite{hoots1980models}: this is a well known propagator often used for preliminary orbit analysis in LEO, when two-line elements data is available.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{Images/dists-crop.pdf}
\caption{\emph{Top:} a part of the prior distributions for orbital elements of LEO population derived from real object catalogs. \emph{Middle and bottom:} posterior distributions of a subset of latent variables for target and chaser. The posterior is conditioned on a ground truth test event, here highlighted with a dashed vertical line, which was generated through a forward run of the simulator.}
\label{fig:dists}
\end{figure}

\section{Experiments}

We run experiments on synthetic CDMs to evaluate our pipeline: first we sample a synthetic event from our model, generating a series of CDMs (for a single simulated conjunction) that we designate as observed data for subsequent inference; next, we perform posterior inference over model latents conditioned on the observed CDMs and compare resulting distributions with the known ground truth values of latents that produced the test observation. We use Gaussian likelihoods $\prod_{y \in \mathbf{y}} \mathcal{N}(\mu_y, \sigma_y)$, where $\mu_y$ is the value of each simulated observable and $\sigma_y$ is an empirically-tuned tolerance factor, taking $\mathbf{y}$ to include the TCA and observed object states transformed to Keplerian elements (eccentricity, inclination, semi-major axis). Figure \ref{fig:dists} shows a result using importance sampling with 70,000 samples, where we pick a selected subset of latent variables $\mathbf{x}$, namely the six initial orbital elements of target and chaser (i.e., mean motion, eccentricity, inclination, mean anomaly, argument of perigee and right ascension of ascending node). The presented results were conditioned on the first CDM of a test collision event with 16 CDMs (Figure~\ref{fig:orbits}). The ground truth values are shown with a dashed vertical line in Figure \ref{fig:dists}. As we observe, some distributions are of multimodal nature, suggesting that the estimated posterior can provide insight into multiple different explanations of the observed values. It is interesting to notice how the initial right ascension of the ascending node, argument of perigee, and mean anomaly, do not seem to play a relevant role in explaining the conjunction event. On the other hand, the mean motion, inclination, and eccentricity have posterior distributions that differ significantly from the priors, underlying their pivotal roles in explaining the observed conjunction event. The less relevant role of the first three orbital elements is to be expected since these orbits are almost circular (i.e., both chaser and target have very low eccentricity values). The probabilistic model has been implemented in Python and integrated with Pyprob,\footnote{\url{https://github.com/pyprob/pyprob} (September 2020)} a universal probabilistic programming framework \cite{baydin2019efficient}. We are currently investigating a range of likelihood formulations motivated by the physics of the problem and running experiments with Markov chain Monte Carlo \cite{brooks2011handbook} inference engines in PyProb that provide rich diagnostics tools to assess the convergence of the approximate posteriors. Moreover, due to the unavailability of public data, we are also working with space operators on evaluating this technique with real CDMs. This will enable us to further investigate and quantify the benefits of such methods on real-world applications.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.99\textwidth]{Images/orbits.pdf}
\caption{Orbits of the target and chaser in the conjunction ground truth event that was used as a test case. ``X'' marks the conjunction.}
\label{fig:orbits}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
In this preliminary work, we have introduced a novel probabilistic model to simulate conjunction events and the issuing of CDMs associated with each event. The model is calibrated with real data and the prior distributions have been selected to represent the current population of resident space objects in the LEO environment. Our work constitutes the first probabilistic model of synthetic CDMs for collision events by sampling from realistic prior distributions of resident space objects in LEO.

This model can be leveraged for several purposes, on which we are currently working on: (1) Generating the first large dataset of synthetic CDMs calibrated with real data, contributing much needed, large-scale, public data to foster further work by the space and ML communities; (2) Investigating the joint probability space to understand which key variables and configurations lead to, and are useful to predict and prevent, conjunction events; (3) Creating a new generation of risk assessment tools using a Bayesian model-based framework, providing posterior distributions over event characteristics and future uncertainty evolution conditioned on real data observations that space operators have access to during an ongoing event.

\section*{Broader Impact}

Research that addresses the risk assessment and prevention of collisions in space is of significant short- and long-term benefit to humanity. A Kessler syndrome scenario where a chain reaction of collisions render low Earth orbit inaccessible would be a major environmental catastrophe that would significantly hinder space access for many generations. We believe that simulation-based inference and machine learning will be essential additions to the tool set for addressing these issues in a principled way. We do not foresee any negative societal impacts or harmful use of this research given the current circumstances.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

This work has been enabled by Frontier Development Lab (FDL) Europe, a public--private partnership between the European Space Agency (ESA), Trillium Technologies and the University of Oxford, and supported by Google Cloud. We would like to thank Dario Izzo and Moriba Jah for sharing their technical expertise and James Parr, Jodie Hughes, Leo Silverberg, Alessandro Donati for their support. AGB is supported by EPSRC/MURI grant EP/N019474/1 and by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.

\pagebreak
\bibliographystyle{unsrt}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


My friend Sagar wrote the message below. He sent it to many of us last year. I saved it in order to send it out this year. I've had so many responses to the one and only reply I received about it; I had to share them.
Below you'll find the message by Sagar, followed by the message from my anonymous friend. The comments that followed will appear in the comment section below the post. 🙂 Please feel free to add your tuppence!
As many of you will know, Paryushan, the Jain festival of penance and forgiveness has begun.
During this festival, members of the Jain faith traditionally fast and participate in pratikraman. For lay members, fasting often entails avoiding activities that are traditionally thought to cause more himsa than others, such as eating root vegetables.
In today's complex society, the process of milk production causes far more suffering and killing than typically meets the eye. Dairy cows are forcefully and artificially inseminated to stimulate pregnancy and milk production. They are immediately separated from their offspring at birth. Any male calves that are not reared for veal or beef are slaughtered immediately after birth (since they have no intrinsic value to a dairy farmer), and their sisters are forced to go through the same agony and suffering as their mothers. A dairy cow could live up to 30 years in a natural environment, but will almost always get slaughtered before the age of 10, as her milk yield drops, and it is no longer financially viable for a farmer to use her for milk production (or anything else).
It is the unfortunate (and inconvenient) truth that our consumption of milk and other dairy products contributes to the above processes. In light of this, it seems natural that Jains (adherents of Ahimsa) should acknowledge and consider the suffering caused to cows in the milk production.
So…. why not give up dairy products this Paryushan?
Many members of the Jain community have made steps to completely remove dairy and other animal products from their diets in order to reduce their himsa footprint. If you would like to find more, or have any questions about reducing dairy from your diet (over Paryushana or longer), please feel free to JainVegans-owner@yahoogroups.com, or join the Jain Vegans e-group by e-mailing JainVegans-subscribe@yahoogroups.com.
If you think giving up all dairy products will be too difficult, please consider reducing dairy products. For example, you could have two dairy free meals a day, or try and just replace milk and chaas with soy milk or rice milk. Every little step will help reduce the harm and suffering caused.
Please forward this message on to anyone who you think would find it relevant or of interest.
I want you to consider the result of this action.
The dairy farmer is in business for money.
His sales of milk and milk products drop.
He starts making losses on his dairy farm.
He thinks. There is more demand of beef than dairy!
He changes his farm to beef farm.
Presently he sends his bulls to the abattoir because they are of no use.
If the cows also become of no use to his dairy profits?
Then of course he will fatten them with hormones and non-eatables!
He will send the cows to the abattoir with the bulls.
By not using dairy products ARE YOU DOING ANY FAVOURS TO THE COWS?
This is a deception being spread by a few who do not respond to the above thought process.
This alternative view is self-deception, based on a false understanding of the economics of the dairy business. Regardless of which parts of the cow and how much of its by-products we consume, the profits of each component support the entire enterprise. By taking part of one, we support the whole. By this logic, one could justify abusing a slave before working him to death. The fallacy in these arguments is that they assume that the total output must remain the same, that the same amount of meat must be produced. In reality, if the profits from dairy were removed because no one demanded the milk, the price of meet and other by-products would rise, demand would fall, and overall production would have to adjust downwards. Some farmers would have to reduce their work, or find other types of work. There's nothing undesirable about such an outcome.
Any rationale like the one below is false in my judgment. From Jain perspective, it's even worse than outright ignorance, because one is doing it knowingly, and on top of it, trying to justify it by self-deception in order not to face the truth.
As a believer in Karma, I would not wish harm to any creature. Therefore I would suggest all humans to adopt this thinking. However, if they do not then their souls will remain in this constant cycle of birth and re-birth. Therefore, to me an issue of economics does not arise.
This is a partial view with many layers and lots of contingencies.
If we are to systematically STUDY the prospects of abolishing all animal agriculture for all time, the issues transcend or reach beyond the mere consideration of shifting to vegan diets.
No doubt, in many cases, there are some sentient beings who suffer in any shift from one type of economy to another. That happens whenever we change our methods of healthcare, education, religion, law, etc.
A farmer, whether a dairy farmer or not, is in business for money like any other business enterprise. The demand for milk is heavy and that is why cows are in a perpetual state of being pregnant by way of artificial insemination. Their feed, although naturally vegetarian, is supplemented by the farmers with meat leftovers to increase the yield of milk. This is happening not only in UK but world over, including India, supposedly the land of non-vioence. Many years ago when I was in India nearly 700,000 litres of milk was poured down the gutters as this was cheaper than distributing milk to children in Schools. Amul Dairy near Anand in Gujarat is the biggest of its kind produces so much milk that it makes milk's byproducts, e.g. cheese and exports the surplus to neighbouring S. Asian countries. India is the largest exporter of milk. Amul's production methods are the same as in UK and male bulls, newly born as well as old ones end up bin slaughter fouses. Cow's average life in normal environment is 25-30 years butthey too end up in slaughter houses when their productivity is diminished at around 3-5 years of age. The most modern slaughterhouse, Al Kabir in Hydrabad was built by a Digambar Jain family and they claim that they slaughter animals in a humane way that does not cause any pain to the victims. This slaughter house was built some 20+ years ago at a cost of Rs. 65 Crores!
Not so long ago in India Bulls were hard working animals on land as they were used in ploughing the land for growing crops, cotton and cash crops like onions and garlic. They were well looked after by farmers as they were part of his wealth. When they became a burden to farmers they were sent to an animal sanctuary (Panjarapore) where they were treated humanely, fed and watered and also veterinarians were employed to take care of them until natural death. Insofar as cows were concerned they were treated as sacred animals and well taken care of. They were not artificially inseminated but milk surplus to calf's requirement was used by the owner's family and surplus was sold to the neighbouring society. Some milk was used to make butter milk for free distribution to whoever wanted it. These cows were not fed any animal products and survived for almost 25 years when they too, as with bulls, sent to animal sanctuary where their welfare was looked after.
This does not answer your question directly but gives you an idea of what the practice was like in our ancestral homeland. Cow dung when dried was used as fuel in most of the rural households. It was also used, instead of cement, to plaster the walls and floors of homes. This practice served two purposes, (a) the house was always warm in bitterly cold winter and (b) it remained cool during unbearably hot summer.
However nowadays most of the society values everything in terms of money and profits totally oblivious of the plight of other living beings. In India the skin of an animal who has died a natural death is used as Ahimsa leather to manufacture leather goods.
cow raised for her milk is forcefully impregnated yearly, and her babies are taken away within a few days. She is either pregnant or lactating 9 or 10 months out of every year only to have the cycle repeat once she gives birth.
Certain amounts of pus and blood are legally permissible in milk. We drink this milk and use it in puja other rituals.
Using powerful hormones, the cows are forced to produce 3 to 4 times as much milk as they naturally would. Also, despite the heavy use of antibiotics, these animals develop mastitis, open wounds and other infections.A cow's natural lifespan is about 20 years, but cows used by the dairy industry are slaughtered after only 4 or 5 years, and their meat turned into pet food or hamburgers.
The anonymous commenter fails to see that all dairy cows end up in the slaughter house anyway. Milk subsidises the price of meat by giving an additional source of revenue to the farmer.
the arguements stated above largely rely on the principle that in acting in a certain way (not eating animal products in his case) will not make a significant change to the situation, or might even worsen the situation as other members of society will not follow the same principles. i propose that this reasoning is not a valid explanation of not acting in that specified manner as in refraining from acting in that manner, you are indeed contributing to the current state of affairs.
it is unrealistic to expect that every person will act in the same manner as you or will follow the same teachings as you, and i know of no religion or teaching which believes all people will follow it. so we have to love with this principle as granted – a fact of life, if you will. therefore it is wrong to alter your behaviour to act in a manner other than you would have if all people were to act in the same manner.
basically, you dont want to stop eating animal products because if you do more cows may suffer which defeats the purpose of not eating animal products in the first place. fair enough, but in doing so you are going against your own accepted teachings which explicitly restrict you from eating animal products. so in a way this can be seen as a meeting point of 2 sides: the desire to live by explicit teachings by directly following them, and the desire to achieve the ultimate goals of these teachings even if that means acting in a manner contradictory to the teachings themselves.
it's up to you what side you take, but in my opinion the former is more important than the latter. if we are told not to do something, then why do it? interpreting what the scriptures want to achieve is playing a role of importance far greater than yours. and as with any situation there can always be more than one interpretation, so you end up with many different efforts to achieve a common goal – all equal, but none unified.
I dont know the answers, i just propose the problems . . .
1. If you purchase and drink milk your actions are directly subsidising meat and contributing to cows going to the abattoir. Full Stop. If you do not drink milk, purchase leather, or buy meat, you don't.. Most reasonably intelligent economists/social scientists would be able to argue that in long term, the price of meat and aggregate meat production would probably go down if milk demand goes down. This is because the subsidy to the meat industry will go down (see this link if you are unfamiliar with the concept – http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_'joint_supply' – Note that milk subsidising and lowering the price of beef is the most commonly known/cited relationship among economists with respect to the economics of joint supply).
2. Anyway, most jain vegans, while not being required to, also donate money and support animal sanctuaries which take on animals (mostly cows and bulls) which would have otherwise been sent to the slaughterhouse. This is more than most other jains. Note that Jains in India and the Amul coopertive have been involved in the set up of slaughterhouses in India.
3. I'm not sure what this guys position is and how familiar he is with bovine farming in India. As you may know, I worked for ICICI and developed a loan product for farmers in rural India, and did most of my fieldwork in Gujarat. It is only there that I realised how bad dairly farming is in India. You can see my observations here: http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=68140. Anyway, I learnt enough in India to see that the views of the person below are deeply unfounded.
A) Just because cows have been milked for thousands of years it doesn't make it morally acceptable or correct. People from Africa were used as slaves for hundreds of years (and slavery in general has been around for 1000s). Does that mean that slavery is ok and morally acceptable?
B) The notion that cows have always produced more milk than the calves can drink is also unfounded. Most cows that are used for dairy production are used because they have been selectivly bred to generate very high milk yields. Other varieties of bovines were disregarded. Selective breeding programmes to enhance dairy yield per cow are much more advanced in the US and Europe (US cows on average produce 15 x more per day than the typical indian cow).
C) The idea that calves get all that they should do is also wrong. In the west, all bull calves should be drinking their mothers milk. Do they get it? No. Why? Because they are killed at birth or sold for meat. Thats the first instance of stealing. Note that this practice is encouraged by Dairy cooperatives in India such as Amul. Moreover every dairy farmer I spoke to in India, told me the calves they kept needed to be tied away from their mothers as otherwise they would drink most of the milk and there would be very little left over for humans.
D) Whoever told this guy that cows will get ill if you don't take milk from a cow only gave the person only half a picture. Have you ever heard of a woman (whos baby died shortly after death or who had an advanced miscarriage) getting ill because all the milk was not taken from her breasts? No. Exactly. But yes, there are some cows who are bred so that they have completely oversized udders, and Yes, they may suffer from lameness and mastittis if you do not remove some of the milk. The key here is to gradually reduce the amount of milk taken until the cows stops producing milk or drastically reduces the amount it produces.
E) And just becase cows produce (for whatever reason) produce more milk than their calves may be able to produce, it does not mean that we should take the milk. Would the person here find it acceptable to take milk from other humans? If so, would the person find it acceptable taking from a woman whose babies have been delibarately killed/stolen died and therefore are producing excess milk.


The 458 Spider ushers in a new generation of Ferrari convertible. The marriage of technology, design and beauty—this Ferrari combines mid-rear engine performance with a retractable folding hard top for unprecedented comfort when closed and exotic Spider performance when open. Sunny days and balmy nights beckon the open-top Spiders, Cabriolets and Barchettas of a glorious tradition. The 458 Spider brings new passion and comfort to this wondrous mix of driving joy. With your roof tucked away, all other stimuli take on a greater significance: the engine's soundtrack, the feel of the road's surface, greenery and buildings rushing by, the moon 239,000 miles overhead, the scents of the world fly. The 458 Spider opens up unique driving emotions, especially when taking a companion along. A rich mix of sounds from 562 horsepower incorporates just the right notes, making timeless mechanical music, awakening the soul.


No surprise that a deal like this was made as JNJ leadership said they expect to generate $0.6 billion to $0.8 billion in savings by 2022. There is still no mention of what happens to the people affected. My fear to anyone in the supply chain at JNJ is that eventually those people won't have jobs.
Jabril will want a nice margin as well, so what happens to product costs in the two businesses with products mentioned(Depuy and EES). They have to go up, no?
Or are they going to eventually divest those businesses?
The Depuy people are upset about it too.
JNJ expects to save between $600 million and $800 million each year beginning 2022 because of this outsourcing deal.
Long-term, the goal is to manage all manufacturing through Jabril or a similar outsourcing partner.
The org is going risk-off.
JNJ should just sell all of the MD&D business to Jabil.
This deal is massive for Jabil, and like you said, will mostly cover endo, spine and trauma. To put the size of the deal into perspective, here's what Mondello had to say about what JNJ is bringing to Jabil's business.
"Integration cost and charges directly associated with the deal will be in the range of $80 million. The real interesting part about this deal is that the cash outlay will largely be applied to working capital and inventory," Mondello said on the call. "We believe the annual revenue will grow to an excess of $1 billion annually."
The annual revenue of $1B that Jabil is projecting is coming from JNJ and the divisions being divested. Adios loyal employees.
Look at the list of facilities sold to Jabil, they're all Synthes & EES Endomechanical sites. JNJ is divesting Synthes & the EES Endomechanical business. JNJ doesn't want to admit that the acquisition of Synthes was a mistake, so to save face all the Synthes facilities are being sold to Jabil. Once Jabil owns the Synthes facilities, JNJ will start rationalizing all the Synthes product codes, thus completing the death of Synthes. The EES Endomechanical business was struggling because it's become a low-margin commodity business, which JNJ wants to exit. Instead of selling the business to private equity or to a competitor, killing the business by giving it to Jabil & rationalizing the product codes is how JNJ plans on dumping it. Jabil is an expert when it comes to layoffs, so Jabil can dispose of the 6000 employees affected, otherwise it would be bad PR for JNJ if JNJ suddenly laid off 6000 employees .
Getting rid of the entire supply chain saves an incredible amount of money over the long-term. Start looking for a new job now because Gorsky is on a mission.
How about get rid of Consumer, saving millions for the company by firing Consumer management and support.
The supply chain AND IT are both being aggressively reduced and removed from JNJ.


text:
Q: Can't upgrade Emacs from 24.3.1 to 24.5 in a CentOS 7 vm I have a CentOS 7 Vagrant virtual machine that I'd like to do some development work from. Accordingly, I'd like the latest version of Emacs (24.5) so that I can install Spacemacs.
However, when I ssh into the box and run the command sudo yum update emacs and sudo yum upgrade emacs, I simply get back the message No packages marked for update. I've also run yum update and yum upgrade to no avail.
So how do I go about getting me some sweet sweet Emacs 24.5? Thanks.

A: The latest RPM I could find for emacs on CentOS 7 (7.2) is 24.3.
You can install it via yum with the following code, after downloading the rpm:
yum localinstall emacs-24.3-18.el7.x86_64.rpm

If you want to compile it yourself, there is a Github repo with the source and instructions on how to do that.
They also have tagged releases if you prefer something a little more stable to choose from.
As of this post, the latest version they have available is emacs-25.0.92, with releases going back to the version you requested.

A: Is compiling Emacs 24.5 an option for you? It shouldn't be a big deal.
My answer assumes that you performed a reasonable online search, without success, for a yum repository containing that particular version of Emacs.


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