This collection of ballads contains some of the best known English folk lyrics. It should be noted that 'Old English' in this case doesn't mean 'Anglo-Saxon'; strictly speaking these are written in late Middle or early Modern English. This makes them accessible, even enjoyable, for a modern audience. Many of these are from the Scottish border, and deal with clashes between the English and Scots in historical times. Others are set in an idealized 'Old England', including three ballads of Robin Hood.
The social and intellectual conditions which fostered self-unconsciousness,--interest in things, incidents, and adventures rather than in moods and inward experiences,--and the unmoral or non moralizing attitude towards events, fostered also that delightful naïveté which contributes greatly to the charm of many of the best ballads; a naïveté which often heightens the pathos, and, at times, softens it with touches of apparently unconscious humour; the naïveté of the child which has in it something of the freshness of a wildflower, and yet has also a wonderful instinct for making the heart of the matter plain. This quality has almost entirely disappeared from contemporary verse among cultivated races; one must go to the peasants of remote parts of the Continent to discover even a trace of its presence. It has a real, but short-lived charm, like the freshness which shines on meadow and garden in the brief dawn which hastens on today.
This frank, direct play of thought and feeling on an incident, or series of incidents, compensates for the absence of a more perfect art in the ballads; using the word "art" in its true sense as including complete, adequate, and beautiful handling of subject-matter, and masterly working out of its possibilities. These popular songs, so dear to the hearts of the generations on whose lips they were fashioned, and to all who care for the fresh note, the direct word, the unrestrained emotion, rarely touch the highest points of poetic achievement. Their charm lies, not in their perfection of form, but in their spontaneity, sincerity, and graphic power. They are not rivers of song, wide, deep, and swift; they are rather cool, clear springs among the hills. In the reactions against sophisticated poetry which set in from time to time, the popular ballad--the true folk-song--has often been exalted at the expense of other forms of verse. It is idle to attempt to arrange the various forms of poetry in an order of absolute values; it is enough that each has its own quality, and, therefore, its own value.


The F-22 Raptor is a single seat, twin-engine stealth fighter aircraft that was engineered for advanced avionics, speed and maneuverability. Of the many highlights, this outstanding feat of technology can supercruise at an estimated speed of Mach 1.82 without the use of afterburners. Since entering service, back in late 2004, Lockheed Martin has maintained that the F-22 Raptor is the best overall fighter in existence.
The F-22A Block 20 (#03-044) represented in this Tamiya model was assigned to the 27th Fighter Squadron based in Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. Known as the "Fighting Eagles", it is the oldest squadron in the United States Air Force. Organized as the 21st Aero Squadron back on June 15 of 1917, it originally flew legendary biplanes, such as the Nieuport 28, Spad XIII and the Sopwith F-1 Camel. In modern times, the "Fighting Eagles" have become the world's first operational F-22 Raptor squadron. This small Tamiya model has great detail for a 1/72 scale. Another great kit by the people of Tamiya. Enjoy the photos.


Avast is a worl wide popular antivirus which is protect your all digital things from all internet threats.If you facing any problem to install avast antivirus then you can call us at our toll free number.
For get any information for issues of avg antivirus just call us at our toll free number.Our Support team instant respond you.
This is really an amazing post with useful information. We also provide tech support services for Canon Printer users. You can dial our toll-free Canon Printer Tech Support Number +1-844-443-3244.
Kasperky antivirus provide complete protection to your Computer, iOS,android etc. from viruses, Trojans, worms, spyware,internet threats and malicious tools.For help contact our kaspersky support technician at our toll free number.
If you have any questions or concerns about the Brother Printer printing jam or paper jam then don't hesitate to call Brother Printer Support team to get assistance help from the experts.
Mcafee is an antivirus software which scans your system and gives full security from viruses, threats, and unwanted malware. If you are the Mcafee user and wants to check that your Mcafee antivirus is activated or not then check on mcafee.com/activate link and if you face any technical issue then use our helpline Mcafee activation number +18445714233.
Getting even a single extra penny other than your salary motivates you to work harder. The same trick also implements to the labor relations management. So, set some incentive or bonus programs for the employees who complete all their work and achieve the given targets.
To download and activate the office setup 2013, visit office.com/setup . If you want to grab the new features of office setup 2013, you can purchase it anytime by visiting the Microsoft Office website.
AOL Desktop Gold is the most secured web based tool that provides advance security to protect your data from hackers. Its anti-keylogging feature identifies thread on your system and your network and kicks out all the threads to protect your confidential data from bad guys out there. In case you find any security issue on your AOL Desktop Gold, you may call AOL Desktop Gold Customer Support phone number +1-844-443-3244 for assistance. Our AOL Gold Support technicians are experienced security Experts who know the better way to protect your account from being compromised. We provide 24*7 AOL gold technical supports all over the world.


text:
Top road trips from Rhode Island | Enjoy Travel
The Most Scenic Drives in Rhode Island
From Route 66 all the way to The Loneliest Road, the United States is filled with fantastic road trips that have long been alluring travellers out onto the open road. With so many different routes to take, it's near impossible to decide on just one road trip to take. These Rhode Island road trips are a great starting point for an adventure with friends.
The state may be small, but the scenery is mighty. From coastal roads to that famous New England fall foliage, these routes showcase the very best of Rhode Island.
The Best Rhode Island Road Trips
The Newport Loop (Ocean Drive)
This famous drive loops around the Newport island's rugged Atlantic Ocean coast, passing by historic mansions built between 1865-1914. The real highlight stopping point for Ocean Drive is Brenton Point State Park. Located perfectly at the south end of the island, it faces out into Rhode Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean.
Distance: 10 miles.
Route highlights: Newport Mansions; Fort Adams; Brenton Point State Park; Gooseberry Beach.
When to do it: Summer.
Blackstone River Valley
Drive along a short stretch of the living landscape of the "Birthplace of the American Industrial Revolution" in the Blackstone River Valley. The Blackstone River helped fuel America's drive towards industrialisation by running the nation's first water-powered cotton mill. Drive along the Branch River and stop off to enjoy some space to just sit under a tree and have a picnic.
Route highlights: Slatersville Historic District; Branch River.
When to do it: Year-round.
Route 102 is an iconic stretch of road in Rhode Island. Starting from North Smithfield, the road winds through pretty Burrillville, Glocester and Scituate, then goes west into heavily forested Foster and down through quaint Coventry, West Greenwich and Exeter before ending up in picture-perfect Wickford, a village of North Kingstown. A little Rhode ride that embraces small-town America at its finest.
Route highlights:
Tiverton to Sakonnet Point
Follow Route 77 south from Tiverton to Little Compton for views of the pretty lighthouse, Sakonnet Point. Along the way, you'll pass by Nannaquaket Pond and lush fields with blueberries, grapes, peaches, strawberries, corn and more for sale at road-side stands. Finish the short-but-sweet trip with ocean views and fresh lobster!
Route highlights: Tiverton Four Corners; Emilie Ruecker Wildlife Refuge; Sakonnet Point.
Shannock Road
You'll feel like you've stepped back in time when your car pulls into the Shannock Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Along the way, there are beautiful views of homes, farms, and a 1850 textile mill village.
Route highlights: Shannock Village.
Route 3 Through West-Central Rhode Island
A quiet drive through many pretty, small towns. drive through the little village of Hopkinton with its old country store and then on to Hope Valley, before cruising into Exeter and West Greenwich. There's some beautiful places to admire the fall foliage along the route, as well as cute and cosy eateries.
Route highlights: Hopkinton; Exeter; West Greenwich.
When to do it: Spring – Fall.
Eastern Rhode Island to Newport via Route 114
Avoid I-95 and enjoy the sights of several towns, farm fields and vineyards on the east side of Narragansett Bay and the islands of the Bay. Find somebody else to take over the wheel and enjoy an afternoon of wine tasting at Newport Vineyards, which prides itself on the marriage of locally-sourced food with estate-grown wines and fresh locally made beer.
Route highlights: Narragansett Bay; Warren; Bristol; Newport Vineyards; Colt State Park.
When to do it: Summer – Fall.
Click here to compare car hire in Rhode Island

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How much memory is taken up in javascript object assignment assume the following
const a = { name: 'John Doe', age: 20 };
const b = a;

b is only assigned the reference of the object from a. How much memory does this reference value assignment take up?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: sending user verification code through facebook I am making a user registration / login system in php and want to verify the user by sending him/her a verification code that the user has to type to make an account .
Now i dont want to send the verification code through mail( phpmail / phpmailer) or any sms service, instead i want to send the code to his facebook messages inbox from my facebook account by using his email id..is it possible to do so? is there any method or api that allows such type of function?
Thanks in advance

A: This website provides a powerful api that will do just what you need.
You can also check the Facebook doc


Looking for ideal Solid Product Rotary Packing Machine Manufacturer & supplier ? We have a wide selection at great prices to help you get creative. All the Automatic Solid Product Rotary Packing Machine are quality guaranteed. We are China Origin Factory of Flat Bag Rotary Packing Machine. If you have any question, please feel free to contact us.


text:
Q: How should I handle questions which are answered in the comments? Sometimes I have asked a question which got no answers, but is answered in the comments to the question.
How should I handle these questions? I can't accept an answer, so it is never an accepted question.
For example this one:
Menu button can only be clicked one time
(ok here the answer in the comments is from me, but nevertheless I also have others of them)

A: For comments that solve the problem or answer the question in the best way, the polite thing to do would be to notify the author using a comment reply (@Username), and prompt them to post their comment as an answer.
If they follow up, great! Reward their ideas and helpfulness with an upvote, and accept the answer.
If they don't follow up within a reasonable period of time, you can post an answer yourself with the solution that worked, giving proper attribution to the ideas.


SUE WILSON, Chair of Bremain in Spain a group campaigning for the UK to remain in the European Union and to protect the rights of British migrants living in Spain, comments on Nigel Farage's suggestion re holding a second referendum on the UK's membership of the EU.
She says: "When I first read Nigel Farage's comments last week regarding a second referendum, I thought there was a mistake. When it became clear that he really was advocating giving the British public another bite at the apple, I couldn't help being suspicious of his motives.
"All the talk of the public having another say is incredibly frustrating for Britons in the EU who are still without a vote. Promises to restore 'Votes for Life' to one million Brits abroad – votes denied after 15 years outside the UK – have been broken so many times by the Tory government that we have all become cynical.
"Bremain in Spain will shortly be launching a lobbying campaign in advance of the second reading of the Private Member's Bill of Glyn Davies, MP, on 23 February. Even if the bill is successful, all that is being proposed is that voting rights would be restored by the next scheduled election in 2022 – i.e. too late for those wishing to vote in any further referendum on Brexit.
Wilson concludes: "With May and Corbyn both adamantly opposed to giving the people a final say, perhaps another referendum is a long shot. Give it a few months, however, and I predict that the odds will shorten considerably. I am not a fan of referenda and the prospect of giving the British public the final say on such a momentous decision is frightening, especially after what happened on 23 June, 2016.
If you have been living in continental Europe for more than 15 years you should take nationality in your chosen country. You obviously have no regards for the UK except as s place to return to when health care is required.
This numbskull Brexit vote was mainly about keeping out migrants from the EU. How is this possible with an open Irish border anyone can cross from an EU country into the UK? It's as daft as Trump's wall that anyone can swim around at either end, or if they don't want to get their feet wet use an inflatable. Our idiotic leaders need to build bridges with the outside world – not useless (expensive) walls!


Here at Waddell-Wojcik Trucking, Inc., we have maintained being family owned and operated. This stems from our humble start in 1989. Our team of employees pride them selves on bringing the best quality service to each customer. Being a For-Hire carrier allows us to regularly service Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, New York and Ohio. We are not limited to those states though and will haul to where it is needed.
Our home terminal remains in Darien, WI. This is our central location where it all started. Northfield, MN terminal has been an important part in our expansion and customer servicing. We specialize in hauling Asphalt Oil, Grains, Aggregates and Scrap Metal, but we do offer other services to suite out customers needs.
The WW Trucking fleet is that of Calypso Green Freightliner Cascadias. It is hard to miss them as they roll down the highway, since our colors and design are one of a kind. Our rigorous service standards aid in our ability to keep up with freight and time demands.
Steve Waddell and Dan Wojcik started the company in 1989. The business started with only two trucks and two trailers. Within the first year though, they knew they needed to start their expansion. In 1990, they purchased two Mack Tri-Axle trucks and hired their first driver. WW Trucking grew steadily over the years. By 2010, the company had a fleet of 45 trucks, 90 trailers and contracted 13 owner-operators. Our region provided the opportunity for steady work.
The bigger we dreamed, the bigger we have become. 2012 was the year that the Northfield, MN terminal opened it's doors. Minnesota opened new doors, and therefore meant for more trucks rolling. Today we operate with 69 trucks, 107 trailers and 11 owner-operators between the two terminals.


Strong earnings from IBM and others lifted the Dow on Wednesday and compensated for worries about US-China trade relations and a government shutdown following a volatile session.
"We need to get these things resolved before investors feel more confident about this market," said Art Hogan, chief market strategist at National Holidings.
Economists have downgraded their growth estimates for 2019 and some financial analysts view an earnings recession -- defined as two or more quarters of falling profits -- as a rising possibility.


text:
View source for Artist Services (Australia)
← Artist Services (Australia)
Logo descriptions and captures by edunk5 Background: Artist Services was an Australian production company based in Melbourne, Victoria. It did not use a logo until 1991. 1st Logo (1991-1996) Artist Services (1995)Artist Services (1992) Nicknames: "Walking Telly", "Artist Services TV" Logo: On a white background, an outline of a television set that is crooked in appearance consisting of antennae, frame, screen, three round buttons in a vertical position on the right side of it, and four legs comes walking from the right of the screen before stopping to the other side. The screen turns silver and the text A R T I S T SERVICES PTY LTD appears before flying out of the screen and settling on the other side next to the television while copyright appears. Variants: Copyright would appear either underneath the text or below the screen. On the last season of Fast Forward and the first two seasons of Full Frontal, the logo would segue to the 3rd Seven Network Productions logo. An in-credit version in white appeared on Tonight Live with Steve Vizard. Many episodes of various shows would segue to the logo in some form. FX/SFX: The television and all of the text. Music/Sounds: A scuttling sound the television makes when it's walking, a synth when the text comes out, and a thump when the text hits to where it is placed. Music/Sounds Variant: The logo would be accompanied by audience applause whether with or without the usual sounds. Availability: Seen on the last two seasons of Fast Forward, the first three seasons of Full Frontal, and Tonight Live with Steve Vizard. Editor's Note: None. 2nd Logo (1996-2001) Nicknames: "Walking Telly II", "Artist Services TV II", "Exploding Telly" Logo: On a grey marble background, the same television from before comes walking from the right of the screen as usual, but this time makes a skidderingArtist Services (1998) halt. Then, it starts to shiver somewhat before it's buttons briefly turn into slightly large striped ones one by one from bottom to top. The screen starts to turn static while it's antennae twitches before various objects come flying out of the screen. The following are: A toaster with a piece of toast in the slot. A UFO with a smiling alien whose antennae protrudes through the glass casing. A mobile phone. A mug of coffee with smell symbols on top and a calendar page baring the number 1. A computer. A sombrero with triangular shapes around the top. A clapperboard. Tragedy and comedy masks. A glass of martini. A thought bubble with a light bulb in it with points around it to represent an idea and to show the brightness of it. A square picture of a cactus at night with an almost full moon. A movie camera. The latter then flies towards the screen where it cuts to the same background baring the text ARTIST SERVICES PTY LTD shown below with copyright underneath. The television without its legs comes flying from the top of the screen before hitting the text with a thud then bounces up again with it's legs back before landing again. FX/SFX: The television and objects. Music/Sounds: Footsteps the television makes when walking, a screeching sound when the television stops, chime sounds for each button, a violent buzz when the screen goes static, an exploding sound when the objects fly out, a hurtling sound when the television flies down, and a thud sound when the television lands. Music/Sounds Variant: The logo would be accompanied by audience applause on various shows. Availability: Seen on the last two seasons of Full Frontal, Shaun Micallef's World Around Him, Totally Full Frontal, and The Big Schmooze. Editor's Note:None. [[Category:Television Logos]] [[Category:Australian Logos]] [[Category:Australian Television Logos]]
Return to Artist Services (Australia).
Retrieved from "https://closinglogosgroup.miraheze.org/wiki/Artist_Services_(Australia)"


text:
The Pat McAfee Show 2.0
Mature Comedy Entertainment Comedy Comedian Chat Sports Pat McAfee Super Bowl
By Pat McAfee. Discovered by Player FM and our community — copyright is owned by the publisher, not Player FM, and audio is streamed directly from their servers. Hit the Subscribe button to track updates in Player FM, or paste the feed URL into other podcast apps.
The Pat McAfee Show 2.0 « »
PMS 2.0 523 - OVERREACTION MONDAY, NFL Week 7 Recap, Darius Butler, Dana White, & AJ Hawk
On today's show, Pat, AJ Hawk, and the boys overreact to everything that happened in week 7 of the NFL season including the Cardinals continued dominance, the Bengals officially being one of the best teams in the AFC after throttling Baltimore on the road, the Packers continuing to put things together after another win over Washington, if the Chiefs are DEAD or not after getting their doors blown off at Tennessee, if the 49ers are dead as well after a tough loss against the Colts on Sunday Night Football, Football Rich getting another win, and everything else around the league (:23-45:07, 47:11-1:11:04). Joining the program to overreact and chat about his biggest takeaways from week 7, if he thinks Deshaun Watson is ultimately going to end up on the Panthers or the Dolphins, and his thoughts on whether or not the Chiefs can get things right this year (1:11:08-1:30:29). Later, President of the UFC and friend of the program, Dana White joins Pat and AJ Hawk to chat about this weekend's PPV in Abu Dhabi, what it's like doing business over there and internationally and how that differs from what it's like doing business in the United States, his upcoming meeting with Hasbulla, and he gives a preview of both UFC 267 & 268, featuring multiple title fights (1:31:38-1:42:31). Make sure you subscribe to youtube.com/thepatmcafeeshow and listen every day on Mad Dog Radio, Sirius XM Channel 82. We appreciate you all for listening, come and laugh with us, cheers.
Similar to The Pat McAfee Show 2.0
Each week, Ryen Russillo will break down the biggest topics in sports.
The Rich Eisen Show
Cumulus Podcast Network | The Rich Eisen Show
The Rich Eisen Show mixes sports analysis with pop culture, humor and interviews. The show attracts the most recognizable names including Tom Brady, Matt Damon, Jodie Foster, Matthew McConaughey, Regina King, Aaron Rodgers and Morgan Freeman. Now in its sixth year, the Emmy-nominated show originates out of Los Angeles, airing weekdays Noon-3pm ET/9am-Noon PT on SiriusXM and NBC Sports on Peacock TV. As Eisen said, "After all these years of seeing TV add ten pounds, I'm hoping phones and tabl ...
Johnny Vaughan On Radio X Podcast
He's been the face and the voice of breakfast... Now he's forcing himself into your ear-hole at a different time. Let Johnny and his team finish off the working day with topical chat and marvellous music. It'll get you home - and make you think. Hear Johnny on Radio X every weekday at 4pm across the UK on digital radio, 104.9 FM in London, 97.7 FM in Manchester, on your mobile or via www.radiox.co.uk.


Another good reason why we should adopt ocean cruise sailing is this: to reduce the dependency on fossil fuel and to help prevent global warming. If you are not convinced, Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth, will make you think twice about burning fossil fuels. Sailing just the least we could do to support what Al Gore has been advocating since the mid 70s.
How do we plan to achieve this lifestyle shift? Well, one step a time. As the beginning of our long-term plan, Rani is now scheduled to take a Competent Crew lesson at the Republic of Singapore Yacht Club on 3, 4 and 11 March with Derek Mazzone.
Anyone interested to join Rani at RSYC?


text:
Stonestreet Stars
Latest 6/29/21 by Derby132
Stonestreet Stars Horse Racing
Started 4/21/11 by TripCrown73; 279131 views.
Msg 15 of 2461 to TripCrown73TripCrown73
From: Lina_TX
That is sad news. Wish he could have lived to see Rachel's foal.
Msg 16 of 2461 to Amy (1pony)1pony
From: ATLMichelleB
Very sad, as he was committed to breeding excellence and soundness for the long haul. His legacy will live on in the foals to come. Thanks Mr. Jackson for all you did for racing.
From: LindaVA3
Wow that is very sad news. I'd hoped he'd be able to see Rachel and Curlin's foal.
Many prayers to his family, may he rest in peace.
Msg 18 of 2461 to GreybirdKGreybirdK
I too, admired the 'grumpy old bugger'. He was a larger than life character in many ways who, as Derby said so well, dared to dream and did his darndest to make it happen.
Msg 19 of 2461 to LindaVA3LindaVA3
From: mimi6920
I think the foal should be named Jess's Dream or Jess's Legacy as a final tribute to him. He really improved the sport during his time in it. Rachel raced against the boys and as a four year old. Most owners wouldn't have done that. In the hands of many owners, Curlin would have gone to the breeding shed after his three year old season like Hard Spun and Street Sense and Lookin at Lucky. What a loss it would have been for the sport. Thank you Mr. Jackson. Godspeed in the next phase of your journey.
Msg 20 of 2461 to mimi6920mimi6920
I like your name ideas. That would be a great tribute.
From: MaryLOhio
OH dang it!! I so was hoping he would make it to see the foal born he was looking forward to.
I met Mr Jackson back when my Uncle was racing and he was such a nice, nice guy who loved what he was doing and the people behind the scenes and esp his horses.
Rest in Peace Jess, and say HI to my uncle for me also, I am sure you both have a lot of catching up to do!!
Will see if I can find the photo that was taken of me (youngin, my uncle and Mr Jackson) right after I got to met him. Have to look through a lot of photos my uncle had but if I find it will get it scanned and show you Mr Jackson (and me) in his younger years :)
Msg 23 of 2461 to MaryLOhioMaryLOhio
Mary I look forward to seeing that photo! I think it is awesome that you met Mr. Jackson, racing has lost a good man who cared for and loved his horses. I hope that his family is able to maintain the farm and the horses, I would be very sad if Rachel ends up at a dispersal sale sometime in the future.
I would bet he left a very good will that will spell out what and the who's of his horses and property. He was a man that made sure all his t's and i's were crossed and dotted and I don't see him not making sure everything was in order


text:
Torsten Emanuel Stålnacke (31 December 1933 – 4 August 2012) was a former Swedish United Nations soldier and Swedish Army överfurir, mostly known for his actions during the Congo Crisis in 1961.

Early life
Stålnacke was born in Svappavaara, Sweden and did his military service at Norrbotten Regiment (I 19) in Boden.

Career
He served with the rank of furir in the first two Swedish UN battalions in Suez-Gaza from 1956 to 1957 as part of UNEF. In Congo, he belonged to Battalion XIIK in 1961.

Stålnacke became known during the Congo Crisis for his gallant conduct in action on 14 September 1961. In connection with repelling a Gendarmerie armoured car attack on the refugee camp, and their nearby depot, two of his comrades were shocked and Stålnacke advanced by himself against an enemy firing position, armed with a Carl Gustav recoilless rifle. He took out an enemy armoured car and a number of enemies before his jaw was shot to pieces. His chin hung down to his chest and he was suffocating. With his fingers he cleared the throat from bone fragments and pulled the tongue up, thereby able to breath again. During the retreat, and with whistling bullets around him, Stålnacke kept his chin up with one hand and held the recoilless rifle with the other and managed with hand gestures and kicks get his two badly shocked comrades with him from the battlefield. Because of fighting around the Italian Red Cross hospital in the centre of Élisabethville, the ambulance could not drive all the way to it. The last hundred meters Stålnacke and his comrades had to run to the hospital under the protection of the house walls.

The Italian chief medical director Giuseppe Cipolat who initiated the treatment of Stålnacke in Élisabethville, said to colonel Jonas Wærn: "I served as a field medic in World War II, including the desert battles of Tobruk, and have taken care of wounded soldiers from many countries but I have never met a soldier who showed such courage and willpower as Torsten Stålnacke did." Stålnacke was awarded the Vasa Medal on 10 May 1962 for his bravery. Until spring 1963, Stålnacke had undergone 18 operations. All in all he underwent 33 operations for his injuries at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm. Though he was never fully recovered, he served in the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus during the years 1965 to 1968.

Later life
After Stålnacke's time in the military, he ran a tavern in Helsingborg until 1972 when he bought the pension Pelikanen in Sälen which he ran until his retirement in 2003. On 29 May 2012, on the Swedish Veterans Day he was awarded with the Swedish Armed Forces Medal for Wounded in Battle. The medal was awarded because of the injuries he sustained in the battle in Congo on 14 September 1961.

Personal life
Stålnacke was living with his partner Marianne and he had a daughter, Susanne. His biggest interests included berry picking, fishing and hunting.

Death
Stålnacke died in his home on 4 August 2012 and was buried on 24 August in Svappavaara cemetery.

References

1933 births
2012 deaths
Swedish Army soldiers
People from Kiruna Municipality
People of the Congo Crisis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Hybrid two port network models Hybrid two port network modelling, as described by the texts, is a topic which enables one to reduce a complicated network into a simple two port network. I guess this is something which must have originated from mathematicians. I would be really grateful if someone provides me a link , introducing this topic, and endowed with mathematical rigor. I hope the demand of my question is going to be clarified in the following lines. In a two port network,   the input affects the output by a Norton current source and the output affects the  input by a Thevenin voltage source. Is it so that in any case the input can only affect the output  by current source and the output can only affect by a voltage source , why not the other way round, the input affecting by voltage and the output affecting by current ? In case of a transistor it is clear and it holds good, but can we develop a formal and general proof for it?  Definitely, I need a mathematically proven way to construct a model for a network. It will be even more appreciable if anyone can illustrate the benevolence of this network model in case of even more intricate networks.

A: AS photon describes the 2 port parameters are determined by the Laplace parameters S11 thru S22.
There also exists an inverse relationship called y parameters.
Both have determinates D in the matrix calculations and may be used to convert from s to y and visa versa.
s parameters are more useful for cascaded networks.
y parameters are more useful for parallel networks.
Full explanation are in the links above.

A: There are many ways to form two-port network models.
In general, you have a voltage and current at port 1 and a voltage and current at port 2. So you have 4 variables. In general if you know two of these variables you can solve for the other two. Depending which two you know and which two you don't, you are talking about using a different type of model.
If you know both currents and want to solve for the voltages you need an impedance model:
V1 = Z11 I1 + Z12 I2
V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22 I2
If you know both voltages and want to solve for the currents you need an admittance model:
I1 = Y11 V1 + Y12 V2
I2 = Y21 V1 + Y22 V2
If you know the voltage on one port and the current on the other, and want to solve for the remaining variables, then you need a hybrid model:
V1 = H11 I1 + H12 V2
I2 = H21 I1 + H22 V2
Except for degenerate cases (where one of the model parameters goes to 0 or infinity) you can convert any of these models to any other using linear algebra.
You can even work out how to solve for both variables on one of the ports given you know both variables on the other port, for example:
V1 = A V2 + B (-I2)
I1 = C V2 + D (-I2)
Or you can invent new variables such as \$a_1 = \frac{1}{2}\frac{V_1 + Z_0 I_1}{\sqrt{Z_0}}\$  and \$b_1 = \frac{1}{2}\frac{V_1 - Z_0 I_1}{\sqrt{Z_0}}\$ for some convenient Z0. With these definitions you can use the scattering parameters or S-parameter model that is often used in rf work:
b1 = S11 a1 + S12 a2
b2 = S21 a1 + S22 a2
Different models might be more convenient for solving different types of problems, or might be more amenable to computation without loss of precision depending on the properties of the network being studied.
To answer your specific questions:

Is it so that in any case the input can only affect the output by current source and the output can only affect by a voltage source?

Remember that for every Norton-equivalent current source there is an equivalent Thevenin voltage source that provides the exact same output to every load, and vice versa. Only if the output admittance goes to zero in the Norton model is it impossible to find an equivalent Thevenin model. This is true whether the source in question is a fixed current source or a controlled source (like in a Z-network model).
So the hybrid model you described is just a convenient way to look at certain networks (like a BJT in common emitter configuration).

I need a mathematically proven way to construct a model for a network.

Generally you need to use some kind of behavioral model (like a SPICE model) to find what is the response of the network to each of the input variables with proper terminations on each of the ports.
For example, for a Z-network, you'd model the internals of the network with open circuits on both outputs. First you'd apply  I1 with I2 equal to zero, and find the response at V1 and V2 to get two of the network parameters. Then you'd apply I2 with I1 at zero to get the other two.


The 5/8" best seller custom lanyards come with customized one color sharp logo printed. The cheap price and the great customer service make this custom logo neck lanyard outstanding. We have 14 colors of lanyard straps for your selection.


New York Stock Exchange operator Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) has revealed it plans to launch a global digital asset platform in November as a "scalable on-ramp" for investors.
In a press release August 3, ICE, which signaled its intention to launch physical Bitcoin futures in May, will debut them alongside the new platform, dubbed Bakkt.
"Bakkt is designed to serve as a scalable on-ramp for institutional, merchant and consumer participation in digital assets by promoting greater efficiency, security and utility," Kelly Loeffler, CEO of Bakkt explained.
We are collaborating to build an open platform that helps unlock the transformative potential of digital assets across global markets and commerce.
The collaboration is conspicuous for its list of participants. Starbucks, Microsoft and BCG are among the names working with ICE to create Bakkt.
For its part, Starbucks signaled its desire to allow customers to pay for its goods in digital currency.
"Starbucks will play a pivotal role in developing practical, trusted and regulated applications for consumers to convert their digital assets into US dollars for use at Starbucks," Maria Smith, vice president of partnerships and payments said, adding the company is "committed to innovation for expanding payment options.
The news immediately caused a stir, one cryptocurrency industry commentator describing ICE's decision as "massive" and Digital Currency Group CEO Barry Silbert echoing the enthusiasm.
Among Bakkt's investors meanwhile are some familiar Blockchain venture capital names, including Pantera Capital and Susquehanna, the latter of which continues to voice its faith in the future of Bitcoin this week.
Other participants are set to include M12, Microsoft's venture capital arm, Fortress Investment Group and several others.
"Blockchain technology holds tremendous potential to enable new business models and trusted ecosystems," BCG senior partner Shaun Collins added.
By leveraging and developing fundamental market infrastructure, the Bakkt platform will enable firms across industries to accelerate a range of innovation.
Will Starbucks go digital bucks? Share your thoughts in the comments below!


text:
Q: Managed WiFi error I have been using this API ( http://managedwifi.codeplex.com/ )successfully and without any major problems. Until today at least...
I have implemented a program in C# which among others retrieves the BSSID of the connected A.P. and the number of the available wireless networks in proximity and does a number of checks. When I am connected to a certain A.P. I get a message and when I am not connected to this specific A.P. (but to another one or I am not connected at all) I get another message. Simple as that.
I did this, connection to the A.P,  check once and only - when the application starts.
But...I wanted to add a timer so that this check happens every 30 or 60 seconds (and not only at the beginning). The problem is that it runs for a few times (maximum 10) and then the program freezes and I get the following message:
Win32Exception was unhandled:
An attempt was made to establish a session to a network server, but there are already too many sessions established to that server
and the message box points to WlanClient client = new WlanClient();
I don't know what is incorrect and although the code compiles correctly I get this error.
Maybe is something with the dispose of the objects?
Any help will be much appreciated.

A:
"Maybe is something with the dispose of the objects?"

You are right, that is whats probably missing from your code.
Make
WlanClient client = new WlanClient();
a class variable and use it as often as you like.
... class Yourclass
{
     private static WlanClient client = new WlanClient();
...


A copy of the table published in the 18 May article is reproduced below and amended to take into account the Commonwealth Bank's 4% pay increase to staff, effective from 1 July 2004.
All banks, except ANZ, are committed to increases of 4 - 4.5% under their agreements with FSU.
**Commonwealth and Westpac are currently negotiating their new agreements.
*** This column has been added to reflect increase to be paid from 1 July 2004.
As well as the competitive base salary that includes a 4% increase from 1 July 2004, staff participate in a short term bonus program of between 3% and 15% of their base salary each and also participate in a performance based free share grant program.
Staff members receiving the free shares since the program commenced in 1996 and who have reinvested the dividends would have a share holding valued at $14,744.24.
Historically, EBA salary data has been compared based on Hay points (which is a methodology for measuring the size of roles – the Commonwealth Bank no long uses Hay points). Based on changes in roles in the industry during recent years, this basis for comparison is no longer appropriate.
Comparing salary data for roles/job families as in the table above provides a more accurate basis for comparison and is consistent with the methodology for broader industry salary surveys.


text:
package com.opengamma.masterdb.config;

import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.assertEquals;
import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.assertNotNull;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.testng.annotations.Factory;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.opengamma.core.config.impl.ConfigItem;
import com.opengamma.id.ExternalId;
import com.opengamma.id.ExternalIdBundle;
import com.opengamma.master.config.ConfigDocument;
import com.opengamma.util.test.AbstractDbTest;
import com.opengamma.util.test.DbTest;
import com.opengamma.util.test.TestGroup;

/**
 * Test DbConfigMaster.
 */
@Test(groups = TestGroup.UNIT_DB)
public class DbConfigMasterTest extends AbstractDbTest {

  private static final Logger s_logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DbConfigMasterTest.class);

  private DbConfigMaster _cfgMaster;

  @Factory(dataProvider = "databases", dataProviderClass = DbTest.class)
  public DbConfigMasterTest(String databaseType, String databaseVersion) {
    super(databaseType, databaseVersion);
    s_logger.info("running testcases for {}", databaseType);
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  @Override
  protected void doSetUp() {
    _cfgMaster = new DbConfigMaster(getDbConnector());
  }

  @Override
  protected void doTearDown() {
    _cfgMaster = null;
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  @Test
  public void test_basics() throws Exception {
    assertNotNull(_cfgMaster);
    assertEquals(true, _cfgMaster.getUniqueIdScheme().equals("DbCfg"));
    assertNotNull(_cfgMaster.getDbConnector());
    assertNotNull(_cfgMaster.getClock());
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  @Test
  public void test_single_type() throws Exception {
    ConfigItem<ExternalId> item = ConfigItem.of(ExternalId.of("A", "B"));
    item.setName("Config test");

    ConfigDocument added = _cfgMaster.add(new ConfigDocument(item));

    ConfigDocument loaded = _cfgMaster.get(added.getUniqueId());
    assertEquals(added, loaded);

    ConfigDocument loadedType = _cfgMaster.get(added.getUniqueId());
    assertEquals(added, loadedType);
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  @Test
  public void test_multiple_types() throws Exception {
    ConfigItem<ExternalId> identifierDoc = ConfigItem.of(ExternalId.of("A", "B"));
    identifierDoc.setName("ExternalId test");

    ConfigDocument addedId = _cfgMaster.add(new ConfigDocument(identifierDoc));

    ConfigItem<ExternalIdBundle> bundleDoc = ConfigItem.of(ExternalIdBundle.of(ExternalId.of("A", "B"), ExternalId.of("C", "D")));
    bundleDoc.setName("Bundle test");
    ConfigDocument addedBundle = _cfgMaster.add(new ConfigDocument(bundleDoc));

    ConfigDocument loadedId = _cfgMaster.get(addedId.getUniqueId());
    assertEquals(addedId, loadedId);

    ConfigDocument loadedBundle = _cfgMaster.get(addedBundle.getUniqueId());
    assertEquals(addedBundle, loadedBundle);
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  @Test
  public void test_toString() {
    assertEquals("DbConfigMaster[DbCfg]", _cfgMaster.toString());
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
An Act to expand teacher creditable service
By Mr. Barrett of North Adams, a petition (accompanied by bill, House, No. 2165) of John Barrett, III relative to creditable service for retirement purposes for certain teachers. Public Service.
John Barrett, III
Referred to Joint Committee on Public Service
5/21/2019 Joint Hearing scheduled for 05/29/2019 from 11:00 AM-01:00 PM in B-2
An Act relative to creditable service for Lisa Emma, a member of the Massachusetts Teachers' Retirement System
An Act providing for an equitable Massachusetts Teachers' Retirement System pension for Paul C. Nordberg
An Act regarding protections extended to lay teachers in parochial schools
An Act expanding creditable service benefits to veterans who have served in the armed forces of the United States
An Act relative to teachers' retirement credits for parochial schools


text:
Covid: Cheshire West and Chester to discover which 'tier' it will fall into later this week
Covid restrictions: Cheshire West and Chester to discover which 'tier' it will fall into later this week
By Gary Porter @GaryPorter_84 Chief Reporter
Prime Minister Boris Johnson appears via video link from 10 Downing Street to make a statement to the House of Commons in London, setting out plans for a new three-tier system of controls for coronavirus, which will come into place once lockdown ends in E
PRIME Minister Boris Johnson will confirm later this week which tier of restrictions Cheshire West and Chester will fall into after announcing that the second national lockdown will officially end on December 2.
Mr Johnson has warned that more regions are likely to be temporarily moved into higher levels than before.
The borough was placed in Tier 2 prior to the current national lockdown coming into force earlier this month.
The Prime Minister has also confirmed that the Government is working on a time-limited Christmas dispensation with the devolved administrations.
Updating the House of Commons today, Mr Johnson said: "Later this week, I should say we will announce which areas will fall into which tier, I hope on Thursday."
"I'm sorry to say we expect that more regions will fall at least temporarily into higher levels than before but by using these tougher tiers and by using rapid turnaround tests on an ever greater scale to drive R below one and keep it there, it should be possible for areas to move down the (tier) scale to lower levels of restrictions."
Outlining the tiers, he said: "So the scientific advice, I'm afraid, is that as we come out our tiers need to be made tougher. In particular, in Tier 1 people should work from home wherever possible.
"In Tier 2, alcohol may only be served in hospitality settings as part of a substantial meal. In Tier 3, indoor entertainment, hotels and other accommodation will have to close, along with all forms of hospitality except for delivery and takeaways.
"Unlike the previous arrangements, tiers will now be a uniform set of rules. We won't have negotiations on additional measures with each region, it's a uniform set of rules. We've learnt from experience that there are some things we can do differently.
"So from the 10pm closing time, we're going to change so that it is last orders at 10 with closing at 11. In tiers 1 and 2 spectator sports and business events will be free to resume inside and outside with capacity limits and social distancing, providing more consistency with indoor performances in theatres and concert halls.
"We'll also strengthen the enforcement ability of local authorities, including specially trained officers and new powers to close down premises that pose a risk to public health."
With regards to families being able to meet up at Christmas, Mr Johnson said: "I can't say that Christmas will be normal this year, but in a period of adversity time spent with loved ones is even more precious for people of all faiths and none.
"We all want some kind of Christmas, we need it, we certainly feel we deserve it. But what we don't want is to throw caution to the winds and allow the virus to flare up again, forcing us all back into lockdown in January.
"So to allow families to come together, while minimising the risk, we're working with the devolved administrations on a special time-limited Christmas dispensation, embracing the whole of the United Kingdom."


Exploring the Seychelles Islands you are bound to come across many soaring trees teaming with large, green, round, lumpy looking fruits – but what are they? This is "Breadfruit".
Breadfruit has lumpy green flesh and a potato-like texture which can be served as part of a main meal or turned into delicious sweet or savoury snacks.
A member of the mulberry family, breadfruit grows on trees that mature quickly and fruit abundantly for many years, which could make it valuable in the fight against world hunger.
Amazingly just one breadfruit, which weighs around 3kg (7lbs), provides the carbohydrate portion of a meal for a family of five. It is rich in vitamins and minerals, as well as being a high source of gluten-free carbohydrate and protein. The protein in the fruit has a higher proportion of amino acids than soy.
Researching this weeks blog, we were interested to read that scientists from The Breadfruit Institute are working with the charity "Alliance to End Hunger" with the aim of distributing breadfruit to places without a regular supply of food across the world – what a great initiative!
So you've picked a breadfruit from the tree, now what do you do with it? Well the recipes are endless!
The simplest way to cook breadfruit is to throw the entire fruit into a fire. The skin blackens and the flesh inside becomes almost doughy (hence "bread-fruit"). The smell of the breadfruit cooking is just delicious. Once blackened peel away the skin and chop the flesh into large cubes and slather in butter, and the taste unlike anything you have tried before.
Another common method here in the Seychelles is to make Breadfruit chips and crisps. Remove the skin and cut the raw flesh into chunky chips, french fries or wafer thin slices and fry. Dust with salt and serve while still hot – delicious! If you don't fancy making these yourself, almost all of the local corner stores sell breadfruit crisps – they're the perfect snack to take to the beach or enjoy with an ice cold Seybrew!
You may recall a recipe we did some time ago for "La Daube Banane", a local dessert where plantain bananas are boiled in a sweet concoction of coconut milk, sugar, vanilla and cinnamon… well you can use the same exact recipe substituting banana with breadfuit, making another tasty dessert with a moorish doughy texture. (FYI – this recipe can also be made with sweet potato).
All of the above recipes are generally how breadfruit is served here in the Seychelles, however on researching this weeks blog I also came across some other interesting recipes that I am sure to try!
So there you have it, breadfruit is a super food and something that you must try when visiting us here in the Seychelles. The local saying is that once you taste the Seychelles breadfruit you will forever return to our palm lined, azure shores.
Anyone got a recipe for gros biscuit ( not sure if I've spelled that right) my husband loves it and misses it. He would love it if I could make some.
Gros biscuit are yummy indeed. Let us see if we can dig up the recipe for these.


How-to-find-trusted-forex-broker-reviews We have created a short list of the best and most trusted Forex companies in the world, especially those in the Gulf countries and the Middle East. The advantages and advantages offered by the brokerage firms to trade foreign currencies, contracts, commodities, oil, precious metals and international stocks, so we have traded hundreds of companies to get a short list containing the best and safest ever in the world of forex companies, and now you may wonder how these companies were chosen to be the best Authorized, reliable, reliable and trustworthy Forex brokers?
Over the past few years, ADSS has been very confident of Arab customers, especially in the GCC countries, because of their strong position and confidence for all traders. The Emirates Securities and Exchange Commission (ADS) ) Is one of the few international companies with very strong confidence and credibility due to its strong licensing. It is a licensed company of the Central Bank of the UAE and regulated by the Abu Dhabi Securities Commission and operates through its offices in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Why ADS-Securities is the safest and most reliable?
1- ADS Securities is an Arab-Emirati company wholly managed through its offices in Abu Dhabi Emirate, with a professional and responsible Arab staff who is aware of the latest developments in the market and technological developments.
2. ADS Securities has the highest licensing standards because it is licensed and regulated by the UAE Central Bank and the Securities Commission of Dubai, as well as the United Kingdom License (FAC) and other reliable international licenses in Hong Kong and Singapore.
3 - The company's capital is more than $ 2 billion, making it a very high capital in the market to guarantee the money and rights of customers around the world.
4- Excellent technical support through telephone, e-mail and communication means by Arab team of characters and a trainer who provides all services and guidance to the customer anywhere.
5- Fast execution of high transactions and accuracy in financial transactions and a great speed in ending withdrawals and deposits to and from trading accounts.
6 - Provide a lot of trading tools, training and education through the company and explanations of video and daily market reports, to help the investor, whether a beginner or professional in the field of Forex.
7. ADS Securities trading platform offers all major and minor currency pairs with the possibility of trading contracts, oil, metals and currencies such as Betcquin, and through the platform of the famous and efficient.
8 - The possibility of trading with a high margin (margin) up to 1: 400, or 4 times the available capital, and provide several types of accounts suitable for all investors.
9- ADS Securities provides the possibility of opening an Islamic Forex account free of additional charges and commissions in accordance with Islamic Sharia.
10. Spread spreads are simple for most major currency pairs, CFDs and indices.
How does a licensed and reliable Forex company distinguish from a company?
1 - Licenses of the global regulatory bodies: There are many types of licenses and donors to them around the world but a very small number of these licenses are reliable and guarantee all the rights of the investor in the company subject to them, as follows: British license in the UK FCA - Australian license ASIC - United States CFTC and NFA - Japanese license FSA and licenses of banks and central banks in Arab countries such as the license of the UAE Central Bank or the Dubai Financial Services Authority or the Banque du Liban. These licenses are all reliable global licenses and guarantee you all your financial and legal rights.
2 - Valuation of companies: Here we mention the assessment of the competent regulators in the field of Forex and also assessments of investors and traders who tried and deposited their money in trading companies, companies that get the highest ratings will indeed be the safest and most reliable companies.


Up for sale is. KINGSTON 400GB (25x 16GB) DDR3. PC3-12800 / DDR3-1600 ECC REGISTERED. THIS MEMORY IS FOR SERVERS ONLY! The item "LOT KINGSTON 400GB (25x 16GB) PC3-12800R / DDR3-1600 ECC REG SERVER RAM MEMORY" is in sale since Thursday, January 04, 2018. This item is in the category "Computers/Tablets & Networking\Enterprise Networking, Servers\Server Components\Server Memory (RAM)". The seller is "marrtins" and is located in Riga. This item can be shipped worldwide.
Up for sale is. KINGSTON 400GB (25x 16GB) DDR3. PC3-12800 / DDR3-1600 ECC REGISTERED. THIS MEMORY IS FOR SERVERS ONLY! The item "LOT KINGSTON 400GB (25x 16GB) PC3-12800R / DDR3-1600 ECC REG SERVER RAM MEMORY" is in sale since Tuesday, December 05, 2017. This item is in the category "Computers/Tablets & Networking\Enterprise Networking, Servers\Server Components\Server Memory (RAM)". The seller is "marrtins" and is located in Riga. This item can be shipped worldwide.
Up for sale is. KINGSTON 400GB (25x 16GB) DDR3. PC3-12800 / DDR3-1600 ECC REGISTERED. THIS MEMORY IS FOR SERVERS ONLY! The item "LOT KINGSTON 400GB (25x 16GB) PC3-12800R / DDR3-1600 ECC REG SERVER RAM MEMORY" is in sale since Tuesday, September 05, 2017. This item is in the category "Computers/Tablets & Networking\Enterprise Networking, Servers\Server Components\Server Memory (RAM)". The seller is "marrtins" and is located in Riga. This item can be shipped worldwide.
Condition: New Open Box. 2400 MHz / PC4-19200. For Cisco UCS B200 M4. Smart Play 8 B200. SmartPlay Select B200 M4. Russia – 10 years. The item "Kingston 32GB PC4-19200 ECC DDR4 SDRAM DIMM KCS-UC424/32G" is in sale since Tuesday, July 18, 2017. This item is in the category "Computers/Tablets & Networking\Computer Components & Parts\Memory (RAM)". The seller is "redtagdeal" and is located in Lenexa, Kansas. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Russian federation, Israel, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Antigua and barbuda, Aruba, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Saint kitts and nevis, Saint lucia, Montserrat, Turks and caicos islands, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brunei darussalam, Bolivia, Ecuador, Egypt, French guiana, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Jersey, Jordan, Cambodia, Cayman islands, Liechtenstein, Sri lanka, Luxembourg, Monaco, Macao, Martinique, Maldives, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Paraguay, Reunion.


The Founder and CEO of Forefront Capitol has set a new focus for his investment company: the 99 percenters who are just trying to catch a break. His tips are geared towards the not -so- rich folks that are trying to invest in their futures, the kids college fund and the hope of retirement. His own father in-law was the motivation behind the goal.
All five tips including what motivated Brad Reifler to help those not earning the same as the one percent (that's $200, 000 individually or $300, 000 if married) can be read in the origional article link below.
According to Brad, "There have been recent experiences that have bothered me so much I've decided to change the entire direction of my firm." Because of this and the other circumstances that have occurred, he is now focusing on the average person.
One example are the rising costs of student loans. In 2005 student debt was 400 million dollars, today those numbers have tripled. Add that to the fact that less than 44 percent of people have a savings of at least $6000 and you can see why Brad Reifler has decided to help the common man make wise financial choices when it comes to investing in the stock market.


Classic, fun, glam and at points through the day, covered with the odd dash of yoghurt or banana!
Strong, feminine shapes, bold, glam silhouettes and fun florals. I am also lace mad as I love the luxurious and feminine feel of it. I just add my trusty leather jacket to an outfit to give it a tougher edge.
The jeans from my collection teamed with one of the blouses and my leather jacket.
Quite a challenge. You pretty much make it up as you go along. It can certainly be done but it's not easy and my sleep usually takes the hit. I find being as organised as possible, the key however, one sick child or even a forgotten PE kit can usually throw everything. Straight off kilter. I've learned to just deal with the important things in front of me and try not to worry about the smaller things. Being a working mother has also made me extremely efficient in all aspects of my life. I utilise every hour, every minute that I have.
Having pride in how you look and also simply enjoying being a woman is nothing to be ashamed of. It's fun to dress up and put outfits together. It's important to feel good about yourself. Being a mum to your children is amazing but you are also a person in your own right and your children learn that from you. I know my girls copy me from how I brush my hair to how I dress myself in the mornings. I want to show them that they have to do things because it makes them feel good and not because of what others dictate.


text:
Interview with Rock Confidential
I have done quite a few interviews on this topic lately (and an entire hour-long Sex Talk Tuesday twitter chat on April 21st), but I really like this particular one…
I spoke with Jesse Capps for Rock Confidential about rape culture. Our conversation gets at race and class directly, as well as victim-blaming and the spurious factor (haha sociology jargon – sorry) of hook up culture – enjoy?
RC: What is "rape culture"?
DrC: "Rape culture" is the way we as a society think about sexual assault. It's a concept with roots in feminist theory that maintains sexual assault is pervasive, unevenly distributed, and normalized, all while constantly being maintained by various inequalities related to gender, sexualities, race, social class, physical ability, age, and more. Behaviors commonly associated with rape culture include victim blaming, slut shaming, and sexual objectification, as well as trivializing or denial of assault and/or various forms of sexual violence.
The "Eat Sleep Rape Repeat" shirt is pathetic. The first thing I thought of is there is actually someone producing these, making money, and obviously finding an audience. What were your first thoughts upon seeing the shirt?
My initial response to seeing the image of the shirt was "No way… That has to be some kind of error (though, how?) or a terrifically tasteless stunt (though, really?)." But then, I too started thinking about the number of choices and decisions that went into publicly displaying that shirt – from concept and design, to production, to making it available in the marketplace, to the decision to purchase and wear it, think about how many people had to sign off on that message before we ever even saw it!
This is where we can see rape culture happening. It's easy to simplify the incident as one individual's choice – one dude decided to wear a shirt brandishing an inflammatory message, the end. But the truth of the matter is that the shirt is a product created and chosen by other members of our collective community. As such, it's not "just" evidence of one person's poor choice, but of legions of poor choices, including his, all of which are evidence of the pervasiveness of rape culture in contemporary US society.
There are those that will argue "free speech" and that guy's right to wear whatever he wants. What say you?
Sometimes protecting free speech involves protecting speech that one personally finds reprehensible, because we don't get to pick and choose. So on that level, those who want to argue "free speech" and the guy's right to wear what he wants have a point – this is 'merica, and we can wear and say what we want (as long as we're not infringing on the rights of others).
If we're considering this shirt on the broader level of rape culture, however, what we are then saying with the free speech argument is that we're ok, in some capacity, with how we currently think about sexual assault – we're ok with trivializing it, ok with ignoring it, and ok with defending it as someone's right (vs the rights of others). Evolving beyond rape culture is not about the cessation of speech though – it's far more complicated than that, and just because you prevent people from saying or doing something doesn't change their minds. It's about challenging the way we engage the issue overall.
What about the people that say "lighten up, it's only a joke"?
Well, I'd probably refer them to my points about free speech. There are many ways to work towards changing a wider social conversation, including with provocative t-shirts and uncomfortable jokes. I didn't see the critical thought piece necessary to get us to either place with this particular shirt though.
Sexual assaults are on the increase at concerts. What is it about concerts that encourage this behavior?
There's actually no way to say definitively that sexual assaults are on the increase at concerts. Because of misreporting and underreporting (further harbingers of rape culture, by the way), there's no way to say what's really happened before, nor what's really happening currently. But what we can say is that we're now actually hearing about sexual assaults occurring – this awareness is different, a development that may be a result of everything from technology to people looking to challenge rape culture and more.
But your question: What is it about concerts? This is tricky. Because one could say it has something to do with every conventional scare tactic out there – drinking, drugs, hooking up gone awry! But the things to remember here are that, one, there are all kinds of public gatherings, concerts and festivals included, happening that involve drinking and drugs and music wherein sexual assaults do not occur. And two, the involvement of drinking and drugs and hooking up (for example) is not a reason – it's victim blaming and excuse making. There's nothing about concerts in particular that encourage sexual assault, at least, not that I'm aware of. Though we may notice the presence of (spurious) situational factors, this is a wider social concern that has more to do with how we think about assault than it does with the particulars of an event.
Drugs, drinking, and hooking up – three things we've been warned about since we were old enough to sneak out of the house. Are younger people just making more wrong choices than ever before? Does social media make it easier to make bad decisions?
Well, that question assumes a lot. It assumes drugs, drinking, and hooking up, for example, are bad decisions. They're not. It's what we do to each other within these contexts that makes them "bad." It's how we make each other feel about hooking up, for example, and it's that we leverage "the evidence" against one another via technology and social media. In my view, I don't think young people are making choices that are more or less egregious than ever before – I think the stakes may be higher now though, partly because of the technology-saturated world we live in.
Sexual assault is just as important of an issue as race equality, yet the emphasis doesn't seem to be there in the media. Why does rape and sexual assault not get the same coverage as other social issues?
This is another tricky question, because in many ways you're correct. We as a culture seem to be making more progress with calling out structural racism and the race-based social inequalities that are pervasive today, but thousands of people likely saw that shirt – including, most likely, many prominent members of the media – before someone decided to snap a picture. Why?
It might be the differently-hidden nature of sexual assault that makes it easier to ignore, something that's connected to our wider social discomforts with anything having to do with genitalia. (I feel I must make the hopefully obvious point that sexual assault has nothing to do with sex, per se, and everything to do with power and cruelty.) But sexual assault and the tenets of rape culture do not impact everyone in the same way – it too varies with race and class and sexuality and age and so on. That's another piece we need to be mindful of.
Should music festivals like Coachella be more responsible for the education and awareness about sexual assault to their attendees?
I think everyone needs to step up their game when it comes to the cessation of sexual assault. While we're all working on internalizing the message that sexual assault is not ok, there could be enhanced security and/or a more mindful presence of safety established at public events like Coachella. And attendees need to get on board, as well. No more of this standing around and watching when a person appears to be in crisis. This doesn't mean one has to intercede directly if they themselves feel at risk, but tell someone – a security guard, call the cops, anything! Standing by and watching when something seems to be amiss is akin to being complicit.
How can we fight rape culture?
The simplest way to challenge rape culture is to challenge it directly – speak up! And be mindful of the bigger picture. This doesn't mean that every person needs to start a rally, but each of us can help enact change in large and small ways. Collectively, these efforts will move us all forward.
(This butterfly apparently means "Coachella" – via RC)
Reprinted from Rock Confidential here (4/24/15).
Chauntelle Tibbals April 28, 2015 Blog Post, News
← "Hard Times" – A Non-Porn Sitcom About Porn (New Piece on UPROXX)
Back again on @DrunkCastLive – my favorite podcast EVER!! →


text:
Hate Crimes Against LGBT People Are Sadly Common
Jun. 14, 2016 , at 11:48 AM
By Ella Koeze
Filed under Hate Crimes
A vigil for victims of the Pulse nightclub shooting on Sunday at The Center, a community center for the LGBT community in Las Vegas.
John Locher / AP
The massacre at a gay nightclub in Orlando on Sunday was the worst mass shooting in American history and the deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since Sept. 11. Through another lens, however, it was not an outlier. The gunman's choice of target, a gay club, makes him just one of many to commit hate crimes against gay Americans. Although the magnitude and violence of the attack was unusual, the targeting of LGBT Americans is sadly common.
BIAS AGAINST …
NO. OF INCIDENTS
Race Overall 2,568
Blacks or African-Americans 1,621
Whites 593
Asians 140
American Indians or Alaska Natives 130
Multiple races, group 81
Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islander 3
Sexual orientation and gender identity Overall 1,115
Gay men 599
Lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender persons, group 241
Transgender persons 58
Gender non-conforming persons 40
Bisexuals 30
Heterosexuals 18
Religion Overall 1,014
Jewish people 609
Muslims 154
Other religions 107
Catholics 64
Multiple religions, group 44
Protestants 25
Atheists/agnostics/etc. 11
Ethnicity, disability and gender 765
'Single-bias' hate crime incidents by motivation, 2014
Source: FBI
Of 5,462 "single-bias incidents" (hate-crime incidents with one motivation) in the FBI's 2014 hate crime statistics database, 1,115, about a fifth, were motivated by bias against a sexual orientation or gender identity.1 (This count is almost certainly much lower than the actual number of hate crimes. Data on hate crimes is notoriously difficult to collect, as it relies heavily on self-reporting and many hate crimes are never categorized as such.) Of those incidents, 54 percent targeted gay men specifically. Only two groups were the targets of more hate crimes than gay men: black and Jewish people. (Obviously, all these groups aren't mutually exclusive.)
Taking into account the relatively small size of the LGBT population, these numbers are even starker. According to an analysis by the Southern Poverty Law Center using FBI hate crime data and population estimates, LGBT Americans are targeted in hate crimes at 8.3 times the rate you'd expect based on the size of their population; that's higher than the rate for both Jews (at 3.5) and black people (at 3.2).
The Orlando attack was a little more unusual in its choice of location. Nightclubs are relatively rare as locations for hate crimes against LGBT people.
Residence/home 32.2%
Highway/road/alley/street/sidewalk 23.0
School/university 7.6
Parking/drop lot/garage 5.8
Bar/nightclub 2.1
Park/playground 1.6
Air/bus/train terminal 1.3
Jail/prison/penitentiary/corrections facility 1.3
Government/public building 1.2
Other 21.7
Hate crimes based on sexual orientation and gender identity by location, 2014
Of 1,115 hate crimes classified by location
However, the shooter's choice of location may have been all the more insidious for that. A gay-friendly bar or club is supposed to be a safe place. Even before Sunday's shooting, nightclubs were slightly more dangerous for LGBT people than for other groups; only 1.6 percent of all hate crimes in 2014 occurred in bars and nightclubs, compared with the 2.1 percent of those that targeted people for their sexual orientation and gender identity.
The motivations of the killer may become clearer as investigators learn more. Nevertheless, in his choice to target gay people, he wasn't alone.
Eighteen of those incidents were targeting heterosexuals.
Ella Koeze was a visual journalist for FiveThirtyEight. @ellawinthrop
FBI (36 posts) LGBT (17) Hate Crimes (7) Orlando (7)


In the first direct message to the army from leaders emerging from nearly a month of mass protests against Bouteflika, the National Coordination for Change said the military should "play its constitutional role without interfering in the people's choice".
The 82-year-old president has rarely been seen in public since suffering a stroke in 2013. The protesters say he is in no fit health to rule. Djilali Bahi, one of several hundred doctors and other health workers at Tuesday's demonstration, said: "We are fed up with this system. It must disappear forever".


text:
Uchimura Naoya (japanisch 内村 直也, eigentlich Sugawara Minoru; geboren 15. August 1909 in Tokio; gestorben 27. Juli 1989 ebenda) war ein japanischer Dramatiker und Übersetzer.

Leben und Wirken
Uchimura Naoya war der jüngere Bruder des Regisseurs Sugawara Takashi (菅原 卓; 1903–1970). 1932 machte er seinen Studienabschluss der Keiō-Universität. Während des Studiums bildete er sich bei Kishida Kunio im Bereich Theater und wurde Mitglied der Theaterzeitschrift "Gekisaku" (劇作). 1935 veröffentlichte er sein erstes Werk "Shūsuirei" (秋水嶺) in der Zeitschrift und brachte es im Theater "Tsukijiza" (築地座) zur Uraufführung.

Daneben erhielt Uchimura einen Job bei der Elektrizitätsfirma, die sein Vater hinterlassen hatte. Obwohl er unsicher war, was seine Eignung als Dramatiker anging, widmete er sich ab 1927 ganz dem Schreiben von Stücken für das Theater und fürs Fernsehen. Er war Vorsitzender des Japan-Zentrums des "International Theatre Institute (ITI)" (国際演劇協会, Kokusai engeki kyōkai) und Mitglied des "Central Council for Education" (中央教育審議会, Chūō kyōiku shingikai) des Kultusministeriums.

Zu seinen über 30 Werken gehören
 "Zōkibayashi" (雑木林) – "Niederwald"
 "Tōi no gaika" (遠い凱歌) – "Ferner Triumph",
 "Toki to Higasa ikke" (時と緋笠一家) – "Die Zeit und die Familie Higasa",
 "Okinawa" (沖縄) – "Okinawa",
"Eriko to tomo ni" (えり子とともに) – "Zusammen mit Eriko",
 "Zane" (跫音) – "Schritte",
 "Doramatourugī kenkyū" (ドラマトゥルギー研究) – "Dramaturgie-Forschung",
 "Joyū Tamura Akiko" (女優・田村秋子) – "Die Schauspielerin Tamura Akiko",
 "Rajio dorama hōhō-ron" (ラジオ・ドラマ方法論) – "Methodik des Hörspiels",
 "Terebi dorama nyūmon" (テレビ・ドラマ入門) – "Einführung in das Fernsehdrama",
 "Gekisakuka hakusho" (劇作家白書) – "Dramatiker-Weißbuch".

Zu Uchidas mehr als zehn Übersetzungen gehören Dramensammlungen aus den USA und Frankreich.

Uchida ist auch bekannt als Texter von "Yuki no furu machi o" (雪の降る街を) – etwa "Auf der Straße, wenn der Schnee fällt", der von Nakada Yoshinao vertont, 1951 ein Hit wurde. Es gibt die "Uchimura Naoya Drama Collection" (内村直也戯曲集). Posthum wurde der "Uchimura Naoya-Uchimura-Preis" vom ITI eingerichtet.  Er wird in Reclams Hörspielführer aufgeführt.

Uchimura erhielt unter anderem folgende Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen: 1958 "NHK Broadcast Culture Award" (NHK放送文化賞, NHKHōsō bunka-shō), 1962 Mainichi-Kunstpreis, 1974 Ehrenmedaille mit Purpurband, 1982 Orden der Aufgehenden Sonne und Prix Italia.

Anmerkungen

Literatur
 S. Noma (Hrsg.): Uchimura Naoya. In: Japan. An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Kodansha, 1993. ISBN 4-06-205938-X, S. 1640.

Weblinks

 Biographien Uchimura Naoya in der Kotobank, japanisch

Autor
Übersetzer aus dem Französischen
Übersetzer aus dem Englischen
Übersetzer ins Japanische
Japaner
Geboren 1909
Gestorben 1989
Mann


text:
Noviodunum ist ein keltischer Städtename, der folgende Ansiedlungen bezeichnet:

 Noviodunum Haeduorum, Stadt der Haeduer, das heutige Nevers oder das heutige Diou in Frankreich
 Noviodunum Biturigum, Stadt der Biturigen, das heutige Neuvy-sur-Barangeon in Frankreich
 Noviodunum Helvetiorum, Stadt der Helvetier, das heutige Nyon in der Schweiz
 Noviodunum Suessionum, Stadt der Suessionen, das heutige Soissons in Frankreich
 Noviodunum ad Istrum, Stadt in der römischen Provinz Moesia inferior (Niedermösien), das heutige Isaccea in Rumänien


Yesterday, we were going to give up sailing and today, we cannot get enough of it. funny how things turn around.
and " horse radish sauce" , It was excellent and the seas made things better by remaining flat, so we ate in the " Starlight "
the sunset, this time there was actually a sunset.
on a municipal golf course which really impressed Skipper and Aileen, and the " Hot Air Baloon " trip with champaigne for breckfast.
Aileen & Christine sitting in the " Hot Tub " every evening on our return to the Condo. The Tub was on the snow covered balcony.
and well done to everyone who sends emails. and reads the blog.
" Basia" keeping her company untill she reaches where ever she goes. These group of boats are about 300 miles or so behind " A Lady "
At our present speed, we should reach " Granada " next Monday 21st march, but we will be happy if we dont get there untill Tuesday.
by all accounts and are slowly making their way NW.
with us as we get closer to our destination, Its called the " The South Equitorial Current " now, that will be interesting.


text:
I am isolated as an artist, not as a person.
Howard Hodgkin's quotes
I don't really have a historical overview of my work at all. I'm not an art historian. I don't see that there's this period and that period.
I find old copies of National Gallery catalogues, which are written in the dryest possible prose, infinitely soothing.
In England, it's thought to be morally suspect to worry about what your surroundings look like.
I look at my pictures, and I think, 'Well, how did I do that?'
I don't think you can lightly paint a picture. It's an activity I take very seriously.
I fell through a crack for years. Historically, I am a nothing because I fit in no category. I can only be me.
Collecting has been my great extravagance. It's a way of being. I collect for the same reason that I eat too much-I'm one of nature's shoppers.
My friends tend to be writers. I think writers and painters are really all the same-we just sit in our rooms.
When I finish a painting, it usually looks as surprising to me as to anyone else.
I think that words are often extraneous to what I do.
I once was interviewed and got so exasperated that I said, 'What do you want, a shopping list?' They kept asking, 'What's in this picture?'
Matisse was very clear about saying that you have to blow your own trumpet and explain yourself, which I think has been slightly forgotten.
I'm vulnerable to criticism. Any artist is, because you work alone in your studio and, until recently, critics were the only way you'd get any feedback.
A painting is finished when the subject comes back, when what has caused the painting to be made comes back as an object.
I'm very envious of the few artists who are any good and still do portraits.
I want my pictures to be things. I want them to be made up of marks that are physically and individually self-sufficient.
I think words come between the spectator and the picture.
The picture surface recedes just as much in the 20th century as it did in the 15th. The techniques of making pictures have hardly changed.
A collection makes its own demands. Many artists have been collectors. I think of it rather as an illness. I felt it was using up too much energy.
I hate painting.
I don't look at the work of my contemporaries very much; I tend to look at pictures by dead artists. It's much easier to get near their paintings.
You keep on balancing and balancing and balancing until the picture wins, because then the subject's turned into the picture.
In the United States there has been a kind of a structure in the Modern art world. The New York School was nearly a coherent thing-for a minute.
I am happy for people to talk about my pictures, but I wish devoutly that I was not expected to talk about them myself.
My language is what I use, and if I lost that, I wouldn't be able to say anything.
Being a cover artist is not like being a real artist. That's just copying what someone else did.
The artist need not know very much; best of all let him work instinctively and paint as naturally as he breathes or walks.
What an artist learns matters little. What he himself discovers has a real worth for him, and gives him the necessary incitement to work.
Beauty, like truth, is relative to the time when one lives and to the individual who can grasp it. The expression of beauty is in direct ratio to the power of conception the artist has acquired.
I'm inspired by nature. Other artist's work is important for developing my perception.
There is only one position for an artist anywhere; and that is upright.
The difference between a bad artist and a good one is: the bad artist seems to copy a great deal; the good one really does.
To say that an artist sells out means that an artist is making a conscious choice to compromise his music, to to weaken his music for the sake of commercial gain.
What do you say when someone has truly inspired you? How do you express to an artist how deeply their work has affected you?
An original artist is unable to copy. So he has only to copy in order to be original.
When I say artist I mean the man who is building things - creating molding the earth - whether it be the plains of the west - or the iron ore of Penn. It's all a big game of construction - some with a brush - some with a shovel - some choose a pen.
You have to find what makes you stable in the storm. Then, no matter what's happening round you, no matter what the hype or the publicity, you can still manage to make leaps in your work as an artist.
Jimmy Smits
The key to the mystery of a great artist is that for reasons unknown, he will give away his energies and his life just to make sure that one note follows another... and leaves us with the feeling that something is right in the world.
I've always felt that if one was going to take seriously this vocation as an artist, you have to get beyond that decorative facade.
Art is a private thing, the artist makes it for himself; a comprehensible work is the product of a journalist. We need works that are strong, straight, precise, and forever beyond understanding.
Kenneth Tynan
The most colorful section of a bookstore is the display of SF books, with art by people like Wayne Barlow, who is a terrific artist.
Arguably, no artist grows up: If he sheds the perceptions of childhood, he ceases being an artist.
Ned Rorem
Let not a man do what his sense of right bids him not to do, nor desire what it forbids him to desire. This is sufficient. The skillful artist will not alter his measures for the sake of a stupid workman.
I so much appreciate it when anybody tries to make something and tries to be an artist - I'm happy to see the work.
The artist is seen like a producer of commodities, like a factory that turns our refrigerators.
I've also been willing to share any help that I could give to any other artist.
An artist, under pain of oblivion, must have confidence in himself, and listen only to his real master: Nature.


text:
AMA MAIN SITE
AMA SAFETY GUIDE
Plane Talk
Modeler's Mall
Archive/Library
Fighter Face-Off
Written by Paul Kohlmann Scratch-building and flying opposing aircraft
As seen in the October 2018 issue of Model Aviation.
Editors note: The blue hakaristi, which means hook-cross, was used as the official national marking of the Finnish Air Force between 1918 and 1945 and predates use of the symbol known as the swastika used by the Nazi party in Germany. Scale modelers are known to have active imaginations. The running joke among the breed is that we run around the house making airplane noises as soon as we can test-fit our projects together. But the imagination doesn't stop when the building is complete. Watching scale models take to the air tends to increase our whimsical nature even further. Each scale flight is a vicarious adventure—perhaps a tribute to a famous pilot or the recreation of a moment from the past. When two scale warbirds take to the air at the same time, this effect reaches its peak—particularly when the warbirds in question are models of aircraft that once met in true aerial combat.
Download free plans
Polikarpov I-16 Rata
Full-size plans
Full-size plans sheet 1 (62x27")
Full-size plans sheet 4 (121x26")
Tiled plans (8.5x11" pages)
Full-size plans sheet 1 (24 pages)
Full-size plans sheet 3 (27" pages)
Order Plans
Curtis P-36/Hawk 75
My friend, Derek Micko, and I set out to create such an encounter. We have each designed a number of warbirds throughout the years and we talk regularly regarding our projects. Somewhere along the way, we agreed that it would be fun to collaborate. Ultimately, we each committed to design a model with the following criteria: Warbirds. Because the whole purpose of this collaboration was to create two models of similar performance that would interact with each other, the choice of aircraft type was obvious. No aircraft spent more time interacting with other similar types than fighters. Derek and I have both gravitated toward World War II fighters as subjects for most of our projects. Our first criterion was that we would each design a warbird. Size. Derek and I both started out designing models with 30-inch wingspans, but throughout the years, our projects have grown larger. Derek has gone as far as 80 inches, while I have gone up to 60-inch wingspan aircraft. After some discussion, we agreed that 60 inches was a nice target. At this size, the models would have plenty of authority in the air and be great platforms for detailing, but they would still be economical and transportable in a passenger car. Construction Style. Lightweight, stick-built, balsa structures have been our trademark. Keeping the weight low would be the key to scalelike performance. Other materials, such as Depron, could be used to create even lighter structures, but we both like the classic look and feel of a traditional balsa model. Electronics. One of the design concepts was to "take back" from ARFs by using some ARF components for the models. With the popularity of 1,400 mm foam ARFs, a builder might have some spare equipment (motor, ESC, battery, etc.) from an old foamie that went to the hangar in the sky. If you don't have any old parts lying around, Derek identified FMS as a good source for hardware when he built his 60-inch Grumman Bearcat. By shopping for similar-size models, a scratch builder can find the complete package of motor, ESC, and retracts. This route isn't necessarily the cheapest way to go, but it is a nice way of sourcing parts that have been demonstrated to work well as a system in a model of similar size and somewhat greater weight than our aircraft. The final criterion was the clincher. We agreed from the start that the two fighters that we chose must have met in combat and consequently, the Fighter Face-Off was born.
The Aircraft
At first blush, it seemed simple to find a pair of fighters and get to work, but it took longer to nail down our choices than we had expected. First, we ruled out the ubiquitous. We both love a nicely done P-51, but the RC world isn't looking for yet another one. We also ruled out aircraft that we had recently designed, which removed the Messerschmitt Bf 109 for me and the Hawker Hurricane for Derek. After numerous combinations were considered, we settled in on two that we felt were perfect. Both aircraft were solid performers with excellent combat records, although each became outclassed early in the war. What drew us to our pair was the unlikely path that set them on a collision course. Derek chose the Polikarpov I-16 Rata, while I took the Curtiss Hawk 75/P-36.
Polikarpov I-16
The Polikarpov I-16 was the premier Russian fighter during the 1930s and, at the time of the German invasion, comprised more than 88% of the Soviet fighter force. Famous historian Walter Boyne likened the I-16 to that of Rodney Dangerfield, in that it received no respect for its significance, and for a period of time, eminence on the battlefield. It was the first monoplane with retractable landing gear to enter frontline service. Early versions had an enclosed cockpit, and later versions carried a variety of weapons, including cannons, rockets, and bombs. It was a test bed for ram-air engines, retractable skis for winter operations, and a parasite aircraft on the TB-3 bomber (one hung under each wing of the TB-3).
Derek Micko's Polikarpov I-16 is fully assembled and ready for covering.
There were many versions of the I-16 in its years of service from 1934 to 1950—yes, Spain flew this aircraft until 1950! Throughout its long history, many nicknames were attached to the aircraft. The Spanish Republicans called it the Mosca (Fly), while the Nationalists called it Rata (Rat), and the Soviets called it Ishak (Little Donkey). The Germans less affectionately called it cannon fodder. But this reputation was not always the case. During the Spanish Civil War, while flying for the Republicans, the I-16 was far superior to the Fiat C.R.32 and Heinkel He 51 biplanes it faced in the Spanish skies. It was also an even match for the early versions of the Bf 109s before they were upgraded with a more powerful Jumo engine. Later, in the skies above Manchuria, the I-16 faced off against the Japanese Nate (Nakajima Ki-27) and Claude (Mitsubishi A5M), and these fixed-gear fighters proved to be a closer match. During the Russo-Finnish War, the I-16 was outclassed by the Fokker D. XXI and by its partner in the Fighter Face-Off—the Curtis P-36 Hawk.
The stubby Polikarpov I-16 was quite a hot rod in its day. Photo by Jesus Fernandez.
The I-16 was extremely maneuverable with a top speed of slightly less than 300 mph. It was a robust aircraft. It was often able to take severe damage and return to base, and in later years, this was a necessity. In times of desperation, some Russian pilots turned to taran (aerial ramming attacks) to bring down German aircraft. Surprisingly, some of the pilots actually survived the collisions to fight another day. Because of its wing loading and maneuverability, the full-scale I-16 was challenging to fly, but those who learned its habits really liked its virtues. We hope to represent the full-scale I-16 with an easy-to-fly model.
Curtiss Hawk 75/P-36
In the US, the Curtiss-Wright Corporation was also making the leap to an all-metal, low-wing fighter through the introduction of the Hawk 75. First flown in 1935, this aircraft was developed as a private venture.
Old-school stick-and-tissue construction is loaded with modern ARF hardware. The Hawk 75 is ready for its maiden flight.
A year later, the U.S. Army awarded Curtiss a purchase contract for the Hawk under the designation of P-36 (export versions retained the Hawk 75 name). More than 200 P-36s were built for the U.S. Army Air Corps during the lead-up to WW II, but by 1941, the P-36 was rapidly being replaced by its more powerful sibling, the P-40. The only combat seen by the P-36 was at Pearl Harbor, where Japanese aircraft were downed. Interestingly, the P-40 was credited with the other eight air victories on that infamous day. Internationally, the Hawk 75 was a more successful aircraft. More than 900 were distributed around the world to countries including Argentina, China, Iran, and England. South African and Dutch pilots flew it against the Japanese in the Pacific, the Thais flew it against the French over Thailand, and the French flew it against Americans in Africa! Like the I-16, the Hawk was still in service long after the war—Argentina was still flying Hawks in 1954. But the aircraft that were sold to France had the most colorful history.
The Curtiss Hawk 75/P-36 in prewar U.S. Army Air Corps livery shows off its sleek and simple lines. Photo by Charlie Jackson.
The Hawk 75 performed on roughly equal terms against the Luftwaffe's early Bf 109s in the Battle of France. After France fell, Germany captured 30 French Hawk 75s. These were sold to Finland, where they flew against Soviet forces including the Polikarpov I-16. Well-loved by the Finnish pilots, the Sussu, or sweetheart, became an "ace maker" while racking up an incredible 12.6:1 kill ratio.
The Models
Over the next several articles, Derek and I will walk you through our parallel builds. We are happy to announce that the plans for these models will be distributed as free downloads through Model Aviation for those of you who would like to build along with us. Parts outlines are included on the plans sheets for you intrepid hand cutters. For builders who wish to take a less manually intensive route, laser-cut kits will be available from Manzano Laser Works. Now that I have used up my word count introducing the Fighter Face-Off, check back next month for the next installment in the series. —Paul Kohlmann ptkohlmann@aol.com
FMS www.fmsmodel.com Model Aviation archives http://library.modelaviation.com Manzano Laser Works tomj@tularosa.net http://manzanolaser.com
Submitted by Victor Checkcinco (not verified) on September 30, 2018 - 7:49pm
I-16 and Hawk 75 plans
Hi, the article said plans for the planes would be available for download, when are they going to be posted? Thanks, Victor
Submitted by rachelleh on October 10, 2018 - 4:13pm
Hi Victor! The plans for these aircraft will be posted to this website early the week of October 15. Happy building!
Submitted by Jon (not verified) on October 9, 2018 - 11:34pm
Awesome can't wait :)
Submitted by Scott M. Smith (not verified) on October 22, 2018 - 6:12pm
Polikarpov and Curtiss plans
So...here we are early in the week of October 22...
Hi Scott. You can find the plans here on our website: http://www.modelaviation.com/fighter-face-off-part-two. Happy building!
Submitted by william lietzau (not verified) on December 11, 2018 - 12:11pm
Scale prop for the P-36
Just received my P-36 semi kit from Manzano. Love that scale prop in the photo, is it a flying prop and where can I purchase one if it is. Thanks;Bill
Submitted by David Hancock (not verified) on January 3, 2019 - 11:20pm
Video Link?
Would love to watch your video, but can't seen to find the link. Can you please direct me to it?
Submitted by rachelleh on January 11, 2019 - 3:56pm
Fighter Face-Off video
Hi David! You can see a video in part three of the article at www.modelaviation.com/fighter-face-off-part-three. It is also on our YouTube channel at www.youtube.com/modelaircraft under Model Aviation. Happy viewing!
Submitted by Jaime (not verified) on June 21, 2019 - 12:22pm
Hi! Wonderful models you made! It might be asking too much, but I'll try anyway, would it be possible to get the plans in vector format?
Submitted by rachelleh on April 27, 2021 - 8:57am
Vector format
Hi Jaime. I'm sorry but the author did not provide the plans in vector format.
Submitted by nitro (not verified) on July 11, 2019 - 7:34am
I -16
Hi, is it possible to build an aircraft from freely downloaded files? Thank you.
Submitted by Javier Izquierdo (not verified) on January 17, 2021 - 6:17am
I-16 Mosca / Rata
There is always a reason. The Republican side received the Polikarpov I-16 from the Soviet Union, in drawers shipments by train. In these drawers, the origin (Moscow) was written in Cyrillic characters; Mockba, which is pronounced in Spanish is very similar to "mosca" (fly) Meanwhile, in the insurgent camp, calling itself "national", they found the first "modern" fighter capable of attacking slow bombers from below. They flew between the avenues of Madrid and went up to attack the bombers from below. They said they "come out of the sewers like rats" and they stuck with that nickname.
Submitted by JOSEPH S RUBINSTEIN (not verified) on April 11, 2021 - 11:22am
Rata plan unable to download
Tried to download The Rata plan but get an error or page not available notice.
Submitted by Fredrik Ericsson (not verified) on May 6, 2021 - 2:00pm
Plans for the Rata
Hi, it seams like the downloadlink is not working? is it possible to get hold on the drawings ? regards Fredrik
Submitted by Denis (not verified) on July 27, 2021 - 5:36pm
Help me please. I do not know what material to sheathe the model with. What is sheathed with I-16 Polikarpov. I saw the rails of the frame and then the finished plane without depressions. So it wasn't sheathed with a model membrane? Help
Submitted by Earl Johnson (not verified) on November 10, 2021 - 11:43pm
Curtis Hawk P-36
Is this plane available in laser cut cut form?
Submitted by Khasan (not verified) on November 11, 2021 - 12:09pm
Hello! I want to buy I-16
Hello! I want to buy I-16 Rata blueprints. I can buy? How to pay?
Please enter the text in the box below to confirm you are human.
Round Top R/C Expo
RC FlexGear
P-63 Kingcobra
A Giant-Scale Thermal Hunter
AMA Clubs and EAA Chapters Team Up to Build and Fly RC Airplanes
Focal Point Submission
Modeler's Mall Guidelines
Report a Missing or Damaged Issue
Order a Back Issue
Subscribe to Model Aviation
Select LanguageEnglishFrenchGermanItalianSpanish
Model Aviation is a monthly publication for the Academy of Model Aeronautics.
© 1936-2022 Academy of Model Aeronautics. All rights reserved. 5161 E. Memorial Dr. Muncie IN 47302. Tel: (800) 435-9262; Fax: (765) 289-4248
Park Pilot AMA