For more information, contact Dave Grills (Member for the Mining and Pastoral Region).
Mobile phone coverage in the Mining and Pastoral Region will be vastly improved, thanks to a further $20 million investment over two years made possible by Royalties for Regions.
Released today by the Commonwealth Government, Member for the Mining and Pastoral Region Dave Grills MLC said the funding would support 78 sites throughout regional WA.
Mr Grills said this included 78 new mobile base stations and small cell satellite installations to be constructed by Telstra and Optus across WA.
"The new sites will be delivered under Round 2 of the Commonwealth Government's Mobile Black Spot Program further improving mobile phone coverage throughout regional WA," Mr Grills said.
"I'm very pleased the Mining and Pastoral Region will benefit from 42 of these 78 site upgrades.
Mr Grills said the remainder of the 42 funded sites were located in the Pilbara, Mid West and Gascoyne regions.
While Telstra is providing wide area coverage, Optus' small cell satellite solution is an innovative means of providing mobile phone coverage up to a three kilometre radius for communities and tourist hotspots in remote parts of the State, where wide area coverage is unaffordable.
"The State Government has invested more than $105 million in regional telecommunications since 2012, driving the construction of 344 new or upgraded mobile phone towers and small cell satellite installations in regional WA," Mr Grills said.
The Nationals WA Candidate for Roe Peter Rundle said the Regional Telecommunications Project was a critically important initiative that would ensure people living, working and travelling in regional areas of the state had access to key services.
"Royalties for Regions is playing a significant role in transforming the Goldfields-Esperance region and I look forward to seeing this investment bring greater social and economic benefits to the area," Mr Rundle said.


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As the Student Coalition Against Labor Exploitation, we urge USC to buy clothes from the Alta Gracia factory in the Dominican Republic, where workers recently unionized and now make a living wage.
As a visiting delegation of workers from that factory showed last semester, the working and living conditions of the garment workers there have been significantly improved.
Moreover, we see this as an opportunity for USC to support just labor practices and the right to collective bargaining that so many people working in third world countries are denied.
Duke University has already committed to buying a minimum of $250,000 of apparel from Alta Gracia.
"This sometimes seems too good to be true," Jim Wilkerson, Duke's director of licensing, told the Times.
We are asking USC to match Duke's offer and build a working relationship with the factory.
SCALE is looking forward to working with students, faculty and administrators to make this a reality.
By working together, we can make a difference for those who are not as fortunate as us.


For those of you that haven't heard yet, this month I became a dad for the second time. And with kids come all sorts of worries. One thing I worry about is will I be able teach them all they need to know to enter the real world when the time comes.
Money is one of the topics I worry about. I love my kids but honestly want them to be able to manage their money properly so I don't have to bail them out too much when they are older and make money mistakes. Of course I expect to bail them out a few times as that's part of growing up but eventually I expect them to be competent and make wise money decisions.
So when this email about teaching your kids about money crossed my inbox from ING Direct, I just had to share it.
Start'em young – Start their education about money matters by having a monthly family finance meeting. That savings account you've been meaning to open for them? No time like the present.
School the school-aged kids – After-school jobs are more than just a way to get the kids off the couch. Fiscal responsibility becomes real when it's their hard-earned money at stake.
College kids? Tell them instant credit = lingering debt – The average college student with credit cards graduates already $4,000 in the hole. So make sure they know to look at the fine print. Tell them to read the agreement before accepting the "free" gift and signing away their financial future.
Help them make grown-up decisions (with their first grown-up job) – Adult children can learn to budget and curb spending (and make saving part of the equation). An emergency fund should be figured into how they save (think 3-6 months' salary). Scheduling reminders to pay monthly "bills" will help them avoid late fees. And setting up a monthly Automatic Savings Plan will grow their money even faster.
Your child's financial responsibility starts with you. Speak up. Talk to your kids about money and spending. It's one "adult" discussion that won't leave you or your kids blushing.


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Home » Land Acknowledgment
We acknowledge that the William Johnston Building at Florida State University is located on land that is the ancestral and traditional territory of the Apalachee Nation, the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, the Miccosukee Tribe of Florida, and the Seminole Tribe of Florida. We pay respect to their Elders past and present and extend that respect to their descendants, to the generations yet unborn, and to all Indigenous people.
We recognize that this land remains scarred by the histories and ongoing legacies of settler colonial violence, dispossession, and removal. In spite of all of this, and with tremendous resilience, these Indigenous nations have remained deeply connected to this territory, to their families, to their communities, and to their cultural ways of life. We recognize the ongoing relationships of care that these Indigenous Nations maintain with this land and extend our gratitude as we live and work as humble and respectful guests upon their territory. We encourage you to learn about and amplify the contemporary work of the Indigenous nations whose land you are on and to endeavor to support Indigenous sovereignty in all the ways that you can.
Learn more about Land Acknowledgements.
Detail of 1885 Bird's Eye View of Tallahassee, showing the region of the current FSU campus and the original building of the Florida State Seminary (building 3), from Florida Memory, State Library and Archives.
Museum & Cultural Heritage Studies Graduate Program Information Session
Now Open: Museum Object Student Exhibition on Instructions-Based Art
Dr. Tenley Bick Continues Interview Series on Contemporary Italian Art and Activism
Dr. Erika Loic Presents: Uncovering Prophetic Authority in the Art of the Medieval Bible
Art History Students Preparing Research on Ethiopian Objects for Guest Edited Issue of Peregrinations

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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News & Events, Press
Fatigue Science Announces Formation of Scientific Advisory Board
Feb 27, 2020 |by Larissa Cox
Fatigue Science, a global leader in providing predictive human performance data in heavy industry, elite sports, and military, is pleased to announce the formation of a Scientific Advisory Board (SAB). The new SAB is comprised of three experts in fatigue risk management, wellness and human performance, sleep science and sports science. This group will support Fatigue Science's mission to provide a gold-standard enterprise solution based on validated science that, through wearable-based sleep data, quantifies and predicts the effects of sleep disruption and schedules on reaction time and cognitive effectiveness.
The SAB will work closely with the Fatigue Science leadership team as the Company continues to develop and enhance its scientifically-validated solutions enabling organizations to optimize operations, reduce risk, and drive performance and productivity.
"We are excited and privileged to have the opportunity to work with this group of experts on the development of our Readi Enterprise Suite as well as on our broader pipeline of predictive fatigue management solutions," said Andrew Morden, Fatigue Science's President and Chief Executive Officer. "These thought leaders bring a tremendous scientific understanding of managing the risk of fatigue in the workplace, as well as extensive experience in maximizing human performance and productivity. We look forward to their contributions as Fatigue Science enters a new stage of growth in providing predictive human performance data in heavy industry, elite sports, and military environments."
The SAB will be comprised of the following members:
Chairman – Dr. Ian C. Dunican Ph.D., MINEENG, MBA, GCASSC, BA
Dr. Dunican has over 20 years of international professional experience in health, safety, environment and business improvement within military, mining, rail, oil & gas and utilities. He has a combination of scientific research and operational leadership experience to support organizations in reducing risk, lowering cost while optimizing productivity & performance.
He is currently the Director of Melius Consulting. Ian has led and guided health, safety and business improvement projects in a range of diverse locations including South Africa, Mozambique, Canada, USA, Australia and Mongolia,
Ian is a regular speaker/chair at universities and international conferences in mining, oil and gas and physiology that include the International Council of Minerals and Metals (ICMM), Australian Journal of Mining, Sleep Down Under, Australasian Sleep Association (ASA).
He regularly contributes to articles within the popular media and has been featured on the health report on ABC Radio and numerous podcasts, and has appeared on television on ABC, Channel 7, Channel 10 and Channel 9 in Australia. He has authored and co-authored a number of scientific articles and technical reports and is a regular reviewer for scientific peer-reviewed journals. He was a TEDxPerth 2017 speaker.
Dr. Dunican has a Ph.D. from the University of Western Australia, a Masters Degree in Mining and Mineral Engineering from the University of New South Wales and an MBA and BA from Curtin University.
Dr. Brandon Marcello, Ph.D., MS, BA
With over 20 years of experience in the performance enhancement industry, Brandon Marcello brings innovation, education, and proven application to the worlds of sports performance, health, fitness, and wellness.
Throughout his career, Dr. Marcello has helped individuals and organizations achieve success through multi-year and time-limited human performance consulting projects in the United States and abroad. His work in conjunction with Draper Laboratories for the U.S. Special Forces has provided a deep, multivariate understanding of the drivers of performance on the battlefield, while projects for professional teams and elite athletes include performance solutions for nutrition, training, recovery, and high-performance team development.
Prior to this work, Marcello served as the Director of Sports Performance at Stanford University. In this role, Marcello supervised all aspects of athletic performance enhancement of the 36 intercollegiate sports teams.
A recognized author, researcher, and international presenter, he routinely speaks around the world on a number of topics pertaining to elite-level performance. His work appears regularly in numerous journals, textbooks, and periodicals. He also has served as a consultant to the U.S. military, many Division I programs, International Sports Federations, as well as Adidas, Under Armor and Nike.
Marcello holds a Ph.D. in sports nutrition from Baylor University and an MS and BS in Exercise Science from Marshall University.
Dr. Myriam Juda, Ph.D., MS, BA
Dr. Myriam Juda is a Vancouver-based consultant and research psychologist, specializing in circadian rhythms. Dr. Juda is an Adjunct Professor of Psychology at Simon Fraser University and the Founder of Circadian Light Therapy, a company that brings expertise in circadian rhythms and light therapy to the pursuit of optimal sleep, performance and health.
With expertise in sleep/wake cycles, shift work, and light's impact on health, Myriam has worked with some of the world's largest companies, including Volkswagen, ArcelorMittal, Siemens, and Osram.
In a collaboration between BC Hydro, Fraser Health, Provincial Health Services Authority, the University of British Columbia and Simon Fraser University, she is currently running one of the first clinical studies to explore the effects of cycled lighting—changes in lighting's colour and intensity over a 24 hour period—on patients' rest/activity cycles, sleep, and psychological well-being.
Dr. Juda holds a Ph.D. in Psychology from Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, an MS from the University of Liverpool, and a BA from Simon Fraser University.
https://www.fatiguescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SAB-Feature-Image-Updated-450x450-1.png 450 450 Larissa Cox http://www.fatiguescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/readi-logo-nav.svg Larissa Cox2020-02-27 13:59:242020-03-03 14:06:25Fatigue Science Announces Formation of Scientific Advisory Board
Press Release: Fatigue Science announces release of breakthrough 14-Day Fatigue Forecasting
Fatigue Science, the global leader in providing human fatigue and performance predictive analytics and fatigue management information systems to heavy industry, military, and elite sports teams, is pleased to announce the launch of 14-Day Fatigue Forecasting. This breakthrough advancement in fatigue management technology is a powerful new addition to the company's Readi™ Enterprise Suite software platform.
https://www.fatiguescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Laptop-Fatigue.jpg 764 1800 Fatigue Science http://www.fatiguescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/readi-logo-nav.svg Fatigue Science2020-09-29 09:18:142020-10-07 10:18:25Press Release: Fatigue Science announces release of breakthrough 14-Day Fatigue Forecasting
Fatigue Science Receives Funding for Forecasting Sleep and Fatigue Predictive Analytics from Industrial Internet of Things Data
Fatigue Science, a global leader in predictive human performance data in elite sports, military and heavy industry, is pleased to announce that it will receive advisory services and up to $99,780 in research and development funding from the National Research Council of Canada Industrial Research Assistance Program (NRC IRAP).
https://www.fatiguescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/IIot-image.jpeg 3929 5885 Fatigue Science http://www.fatiguescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/readi-logo-nav.svg Fatigue Science2020-06-01 16:39:522020-06-01 16:44:45Fatigue Science Receives Funding for Forecasting Sleep and Fatigue Predictive Analytics from Industrial Internet of Things Data
Press Release: Fatigue Science launches ReadiAnalytics, providing real-time insights into worker fatigue and its causes
Fatigue Science, a global leader in providing predictive human performance data to heavy industry firms, elite sports teams, and the military, is pleased to announce the launch of ReadiAnalytics, a first-of-its-kind analytics platform. ReadiAnalytics delivers real-time, validated, and objective insights into workforce fatigue levels and its root causes.
https://www.fatiguescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ReadiAnalytics-in-Office.png 4203 6279 Fatigue Science http://www.fatiguescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/readi-logo-nav.svg Fatigue Science2020-05-28 05:30:402020-11-24 09:29:39Press Release: Fatigue Science launches ReadiAnalytics, providing real-time insights into worker fatigue and its causes


I was hard to simpathize with the main character.
I think the writers interpretation of badassery is someone who never listens. The main character annoyed me and was continuously contradicting herself. if you can get passed that, and that her character is constantly beat up, exausted, and deheudrated while drinking alcohol instead of water... You might like it. The story was interesting enough that I finished the book.
The only negative thing I can say is that I did have to speed up the narrator's voice. But once I did, it was just fine. And the story draws you right in. I finished the book and still can't get the story and all the things that happened out of my head. I really wish the next book was available, and no other book I have listened to in the mean time has even come close to measuring up. You won't regret this one.
I love this book. Read it and you will too. I love it when the main characters aren't perfect and that they actually have obsticles to overcome. This is genius. Read it.
The story is awful. It's repetitive, there is almost no action. When there is a fight it's glossed over and summed up so that you can't even worry about what's happening to the main characters, because you have no doubt they will make it. It's boring. And it's predictable, obviously the child is his too. He is too dumb to even figure that out, and she keeps it a secret from him. The conversations are corny uninteresting. They just have the same conversation over and over in different ways. Ugh. I'm disgusted with it. If I had to hear that she was a bad witch one more time. I haven't finished the book. Maybe it gets better by the end. But I doubt it. Oh and also. He goes back and for between saying she did geld him and she nearly gelded him. Maybe the author should make up her mind.
I had trouble getting into the book in the beginning, but stuck with it. Then things got really good and interesting, and I absolutely loved this book. I'm going to buy the print, and I very much hope there will be another. The author took the supernatural world and placed it into an elaborate secret agency older than some countries, and very dedicated to it's purpose. LOVED IT. The main character had enough plot twists going on along with action that you found yourself following right along with her, and trying to figure out who it was that set her up, and where to look for friend and enemy alike.
If you like Jeaniene's Night Huntress Series, then you love this. It's in her style, and one of her better books in my opinion. I'm certain there will be more in the series and I look forward to listening to them. The narrator did an excellent job with voices and accents, and the characters were memorable and loveable, with lots of action thrown into the love story.
It was different, and interesting.
With every word. She was unenthusiastic with the story, monotone, and her voices for characters were laaaaaaaaame.
Hopefully they will change the narrator for the other books in the series.


Robots take over Bob Katz's Digital Domain while he has lunch….
The Summit EQ-200 is a digitally-controllable analog equalizer with equalization designed by Rupert Neve. In this short video we see the Sequoia DAW playing the end of one song, sending a change command to the Equalizer, and then the next song begins. A closeup on the low frequency section of the equalizer shows it change from 20 Hz low cut @ 24 dB/octave to 20 Hz lowcut @12 dB/octave plus an 0.5 dB boost at 95 Hz. Keen ears hear the click of the relays of the Summit EQ picked up by the camera's built-in mike. Mary Kent was our videographer and tweaker in Final Cut Pro. The music is by Michael Garner from his upcoming album.


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'No Shred of Evidence,' A Talk with Charles Todd
Who is Charles Todd?
If you aren't familiar with "his" many previous novels, you might be surprised to learn Charles Todd is the mother-and-son writing team of Charles and Caroline Todd.
Caroline has a BA in English Literature and History, as well as a Master's degree in International Relations. Charles has a BA in Communications Studies, and a culinary arts degree.
No Shred of Evidence, the 18th Inspector Ian Rutledge mystery, takes place on the north coast of Cornwall, where four young women are boating on the River Camel. They see a young man on another boat that appears to be sinking. While making a valiant effort to save him, he's struck on the head by an oar. An eyewitness, a local farmer, accuses the women of attempted murder. Ian Rutledge is called in to review the case. Since the victim is in a coma, there's no one to refute the eyewitness's account. Rutledge must deal with competing forces in trying to determine if the women tried to hurt the young man, and what may have motivated them. Other complications arise, and very little is what it seemed to be as the investigation reveals long buried issues and likely motivations.
Filed Under: About Books, book launch, crime, Huffington Post Column Tagged With: collaborative writing, English history, historical novels, mystery, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, shell shock, surivior's guilt
'The Widow,' A conversation with Fiona Barton
Fiona Barton is a British journalist who, while working for the Sunday Mail and the Daily Telegraph, spent a great deal of time in court covering trials. This exposure provided the creative spark for Fiona's debut novel.
The Widow focuses on three people: Jean Taylor, the wife of the prime suspect in a criminal case; Kate Waters, a journalist who is part of the media circus camping out at Jean's front door; and Bob Sparkes, a detective working the case. A child has gone missing, and Glen Taylor, Jean's husband, becomes the primary suspect in what appears to be an abduction.
The search for the truth—both in the past and in the present—takes shape through the interlocking narratives of these three characters. Each one tells a story, but some may be more truthful than others.
Filed Under: About Books, book launch, crime, Huffington Post Column Tagged With: crime, journalism, psychological thrillers, social media
'Interior Darkness,' A Conversation with Peter Straub
Peter Straub needs no lengthy introduction. As a novelist and poet, he has received many literary honors including the Bram Stoker Award, the World Fantasy Award, and the International Horror Guild Award. In 1965, he earned a B.A with honors in English from the University of Wisconsin at Madison; and one year later, an MA from Columbia University. In 1969, he moved to Dublin, Ireland to work on a Ph.D and began writing professionally. Peter collaborated with Stephen King on two novels, The Talisman and Black House.
Interior Darkness, a collection of 16 short stories written over the course of years, demonstrates Peter Straub's uncanny ability to blur literary genres and pen short stories ranging widely in length, style and tenor, providing a highly entertaining and unusual volume.
Filed Under: About Books, creativity, Huffington Post Column, Interviews, On Writing Tagged With: horror, novels, personal trauma, short-stories, Stephen King
'Black Rabbit Hall,' A Conversation with Eve Chase
Eve Chase has worked as an editor and feature writer for various magazines in the UK.
Black Rabbit Hall, her debut novel, is the story of two women, born three decades apart: fourteen-year-old Amber Alton and thirty-two-year-old Lorna Dunaway. Each has a connection to Black Rabbit Hall, a stately manor house in Cornwall.
Amber spent endless summers at Black Rabbit Hall until an accident changed her family's lives. Decades later, Loran feels the manor will make a perfect venue for her upcoming wedding, despite its crumbling stone walls and need for repairs. She cannot explain Black Rabbit Hall's pull on her, but her instincts lead her into the manor's labyrinthine history and the ghosts of her own past, including Alton-family secrets that have been buried for decades.
Filed Under: About Books, book launch, Huffington Post Column, Interviews Tagged With: agents, Character, English literature, Gillian Flynn, hybrid genres, journalism, lyrical prose, Paula Hawkins
'Violent Crimes,' A Conversation with Phillip Margolin
Phillip Margolin, a former criminal defense attorney who defended thirty murder cases, has written many New York Times bestsellers. He is well-known for his Amanda Jaffe and Brad Miller series, and for his many standalone novels.
Violent Crimes is the next novel in the Amanda Jaffe series. Amanda is involved in a complex case involving environmentalists, Big Oil, financial fraud, and murder. Not only must she determine who murdered two attorneys while defending the men accused of the crimes; but also faces the most difficult professional decision of her life.
Filed Under: About Books, courtroom drama, Huffington Post Column Tagged With: courtroom thrillers, ethics in the courtroom, legal thrillers, perjury, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, procrastination, search warrants
'Find Her,' A Conversation with Lisa Gardner
Lisa Gardner is one of the best-known names in all of thrillerdom. She's received praise from Lee Child, Karin Slaughter, Tess Gerritsen, among many others. With more than 22 million books in print, she's written an FBI profiler series; the Detective D.D. Warren series; and a number of standalone novels.
In Find Her, Flora Dane shares the protagonist role with Detective D.D. Warren. Some years earlier, while on Spring Break in Florida, Flora found herself waking up in a pinewood box. In pain and disoriented, she began months of captivity at the hands of an abductor.
Filed Under: About Books, book launch, creativity, crime, Huffington Post Column, Interviews, novel, On Writing Tagged With: creativity, crime-fiction, deadlines, FBI, fear, procrastination


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(Redirected from Midrashim)
This article is about the Jewish mode of biblical interpretation and related rabbinical texts. For the Islamic religious school, see Madrasah.
Title page, Midrash Tehillim
Midrash (/ˈmɪdrɑːʃ/;[1] Hebrew: מִדְרָשׁ; pl. Hebrew: מִדְרָשִׁים midrashim) is biblical exegesis by ancient Judaic authorities,[2] using a mode of interpretation prominent in the Talmud. The word itself means "textual interpretation", "study".[3]
Midrash and rabbinic readings "discern value in texts, words, and letters, as potential revelatory spaces," writes the Hebrew scholar Wilda C. Gafney. "They reimagine dominant narratival readings while crafting new ones to stand alongside—not replace—former readings. Midrash also asks questions of the text; sometimes it provides answers, sometimes it leaves the reader to answer the questions."[4]
Vanessa Lovelace defines midrash as "a Jewish mode of interpretation that not only engages the words of the text, behind the text, and beyond the text, but also focuses on each letter, and the words left unsaid by each line."[5]
The term is also used of a rabbinic work that interprets Scripture in that manner.[6][7] Such works contain early interpretations and commentaries on the Written Torah and Oral Torah (spoken law and sermons), as well as non-legalistic rabbinic literature (aggadah) and occasionally Jewish religious laws (halakha), which usually form a running commentary on specific passages in the Hebrew Scripture (Tanakh).[8]
"Midrash", especially if capitalized, can refer to a specific compilation of these rabbinic writings composed between 400 and 1200 CE.[1][9]
According to Gary Porton and Jacob Neusner, "midrash" has three technical meanings: 1) Judaic biblical interpretation; 2) the method used in interpreting; 3) a collection of such interpretations.[10]
2 As genre
3 As method
4 Jewish midrashic literature
4.1 Halakhic midrashim
4.3 Aggadic midrashim
5 Classical compilations
5.1 Tannaitic
5.2 Post-Talmudic
5.3 Midrash Rabbah
6 Contemporary Jewish midrash
7 Contemporary views
Canons and books
Authorship and development
Hebrew canon
Composition of the Torah
Translations and manuscripts
Targumim
Gothic Bible
Vetus Latina
Luther Bible
Pesher
Pardes
Bible conspiracy theory
Qur'anic
Infallibility
Outline of Bible-related topics
Bible book Bible portal
The Hebrew word midrash is derived from the root of the verb darash (דָּרַשׁ), which means "resort to, seek, seek with care, enquire, require",[11] forms of which appear frequently in the Bible.[12]
The word midrash occurs twice in the Hebrew Bible: 2 Chronicles 13:22 "in the midrash of the prophet Iddo", and 24:27 "in the midrash of the book of the kings". KJV and ESV translate the word as "story" in both instances; the Septuagint translates it as βιβλίον (book) in the first, as γραφή (writing) in the second. The meaning of the Hebrew word in these contexts is uncertain: it has been interpreted as referring to "a body of authoritative narratives, or interpretations thereof, concerning historically important figures"[13] and seems to refer to a "book", perhaps even a "book of interpretation", which might make its use a foreshadowing of the technical sense that the rabbis later gave to the word.[14]
Since the early Middle Ages the function of much of midrashic interpretation has been distinguished from that of peshat, straight or direct interpretation aiming at the original literal meaning of a scriptural text.[13]
As genre[edit]
A definition of "midrash" repeatedly quoted by other scholars[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] is that given by Gary G. Porton in 1981: "a type of literature, oral or written, which stands in direct relationship to a fixed, canonical text, considered to be the authoritative and revealed word of God by the midrashist and his audience, and in which this canonical text is explicitly cited or clearly alluded to".[24]
Lieve M. Teugels, who would limit midrash to rabbinic literature, offered a definition of midrash as "rabbinic interpretation of Scripture that bears the lemmatic form",[22] a definition that, unlike Porton's, has not been adopted by others. While some scholars agree with the limitation of the term "midrash" to rabbinic writings, others apply it also to certain Qumran writings,[25][26] to parts of the New Testament,[27][28][29] and of the Hebrew Bible (in particular the superscriptions of the Psalms, Deuteronomy, and Chronicles),[30] and even modern compositions are called midrashim.[31][32]
As method[edit]
Midrash is now viewed more as method than genre, although the rabbinic midrashim do constitute a distinct literary genre.[33][34]
According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Midrash was initially a philological method of interpreting the literal meaning of biblical texts. In time it developed into a sophisticated interpretive system that reconciled apparent biblical contradictions, established the scriptural basis of new laws, and enriched biblical content with new meaning. Midrashic creativity reached its peak in the schools of Rabbi Ishmael and Akiba, where two different hermeneutic methods were applied. The first was primarily logically oriented, making inferences based upon similarity of content and analogy. The second rested largely upon textual scrutiny, assuming that words and letters that seem superfluous teach something not openly stated in the text."[35]
Many different exegetical methods are employed in an effort to derive deeper meaning from a text. This is not limited to the traditional thirteen textual tools attributed to the Tanna Rabbi Ishmael, which are used in the interpretation of halakha (Jewish law). The presence of words or letters which are seen to be apparently superfluous, and the chronology of events, parallel narratives or what are seen as other textual "anomalies" are often used as a springboard for interpretation of segments of Biblical text. In many cases, a handful of lines in the Biblical narrative may become a long philosophical discussion
Jacob Neusner distinguishes three midrash processes:
paraphrase: recounting the content of the biblical text in different language that may change the sense;
prophecy: reading the text as an account of something happening or about to happen in the interpreter's time;
parable or allegory: indicating deeper meanings of the words of the text as speaking of something other than the superficial meaning of the words or of everyday reality, as when the love of man and woman in the Song of Songs is interpreted as referring to the love between God and Israel or the Church as in Isaiah 5:1-6 and in the New Testament.[36]
Jewish midrashic literature[edit]
Numerous Jewish midrashim previously preserved in manuscript form have been published in print, including those denominated as smaller[37] or minor midrashim. Bernard H. Mehlman and Seth M. Limmer deprecate this usage on the grounds that the term "minor" seems judgmental and "small" is inappropriate for midrashim some of which are lengthy. They propose instead the term "medieval midrashim", since the period of their production extended from the twilight of the rabbinic age to the dawn of the Age of Enlightenment.[38]
Generally speaking, rabbinic midrashim either focus on religious law and practice (halakha) or interpret biblical narrative in relation to non-legal ethics or theology, creating homilies and parables based on the text. In the latter case they are described as aggadic.[39]
Halakhic midrashim[edit]
Talmud Readers by Adolf Behrman
Talmudic literature
Tannaitic
Amoraic (Gemara)
Jerusalem Talmud
Babylonian Talmud
Minor Tractates
Halakhic Midrash
Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yohai
Sifra (Torat Kohanim)
Numbers and Deuteronomy
Sifrei Zutta on Numbers
(Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim)
Aggadic Midrash
Seder Olam Rabbah
Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva
Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules
Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules
Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle
400–600 CE
Genesis Rabbah
Lamentations Rabbah
Pesikta de-Rav Kahana
Esther Rabbah
Midrash Iyyob
Leviticus Rabbah
Seder Olam Zutta
Tanhuma
Megillat Antiochus
Avot of Rabbi Natan
Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer
Tanna Devei Eliyahu
Alphabet of Sirach
Ecclesiastes Rabbah
Shir ha-Shirim Rabbah
Deuteronomy Rabbah
Devarim Zutta
Pesikta Rabbati
Midrash Shmuel
Midrash Proverbs
Ruth Rabbah
Baraita of Samuel
Targum Sheni
900–1000 CE
Ruth Zuta
Eichah Zuta
Midrash Tehillim
Midrash Hashkem
Exodus Rabbah
Shir ha-Shirim Zutta
1000–1200 CE
Midrash Tadshe
Sefer haYashar
Yalkut Shimoni
Yalkut haMachiri
Midrash Jonah
Ein Yaakov
Midrash HaGadol
Numbers Rabbah
Smaller midrashim
Targum Onkelos
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
Fragment Targum
Targum Neofiti
Targum Jonathan
Targum Tehillim
Targum Mishlei
Targum Iyyov
Targum to the Five Megillot
Targum Sheni to Esther
Targum to Chronicles
Midrash halakha is the name given to a group of tannaitic expositions on the first four books of the Hebrew Bible.[40] These midrashim, written in Mishnahic Hebrew, clearly distinguish between the Biblical texts that they discuss, and the rabbinic interpretation of that text. They often go well beyond simple interpretation and derive or provide support for halakha. This work is based on pre-set assumptions about the sacred and divine nature of the text, and the belief in the legitimacy that accords with rabbinic interpretation.[41]
Although this material treats the biblical texts as the authoritative word of God, it is clear that not all of the Hebrew Bible was fixed in its wording at this time, as some verses that are cited differ from the Masoretic, and accord with the Septuagint, or Samaritan Torah instead.[42]
With the growing canonization of the contents of the Hebrew Bible, both in terms of the books that it contained, and the version of the text in them, and an acceptance that new texts could not be added, there came a need to produce material that would clearly differentiate between that text, and rabbinic interpretation of it. By collecting and compiling these thoughts they could be presented in a manner which helped to refute claims that they were only human interpretations. The argument being that by presenting the various collections of different schools of thought each of which relied upon close study of the text, the growing difference between early biblical law, and its later rabbinic interpretation could be reconciled.[41]
Aggadic midrashim[edit]
Main article: Aggadah
Midrashim that seek to explain the non-legal portions of the Hebrew Bible are sometimes referred to as aggadah or haggadah.[43]
Aggadic discussions of the non-legal parts of Scripture are characterized by a much greater freedom of exposition than the halakhic midrashim (midrashim on Jewish law). Aggadic expositors availed themselves of various techniques, including sayings of prominent rabbis. These aggadic explanations could be philosophical or mystical disquisitions concerning angels, demons, paradise, hell, the messiah, Satan, feasts and fasts, parables, legends, satirical assaults on those who practice idolatry, etc.
Some of these midrashim entail mystical teachings. The presentation is such that the midrash is a simple lesson to the uninitiated, and a direct allusion, or analogy, to a mystical teaching for those educated in this area.
An example of a midrashic interpretation:
"And God saw all that He had made, and found it very good. And there was evening, and there was morning, the sixth day." (Genesis 1:31)—Midrash: Rabbi Nahman said in Rabbi Samuel's name: "Behold, it was very good" refers to the Good Desire; "AND behold, it was very good" refers to the Evil Desire. Can then the Evil Desire be very good? That would be extraordinary! But without the Evil Desire, however, no man would build a house, take a wife and beget children; and thus said Solomon: "Again, I considered all labour and all excelling in work, that it is a man's rivalry with his neighbour." (Kohelet IV, 4).[44]
Classical compilations[edit]
Rabbinical eras
Chazal
Zugot
Tannaim
Amoraim
Savoraim
Geonim
Rishonim
Acharonim
See also: Rabbinical literature
Tannaitic[edit]
Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva. This book is a midrash on the names of the letters of the hebrew alphabet.
Mekhilta. The Mekhilta essentially functions as a commentary on the Book of Exodus. There are two versions of this midrash collection. One is Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael, the other is Mekhilta de Rabbi Simeon bar Yohai. The former is still studied today, while the latter was used by many medieval Jewish authorities. While the latter (bar Yohai) text was popularly circulated in manuscript form from the 11th to 16th centuries, it was lost for all practical purposes until it was rediscovered and printed in the 19th century.
Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael. This is a halakhic commentary on Exodus, concentrating on the legal sections, from Exodus 12 to 35. It derives halakha from Biblical verses. This midrash collection was redacted into its final form around the 3rd or 4th century; its contents indicate that its sources are some of the oldest midrashim, dating back possibly to the time of Rabbi Akiva. The midrash on Exodus that was known to the Amoraim is not the same as our current mekhilta; their version was only the core of what later grew into the present form.
Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon. Based on the same core material as Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael, it followed a second route of commentary and editing, and eventually emerged as a distinct work. The Mekhilta de Rabbi Simeon bar Yohai is an exegetical midrash on Exodus 3 to 35, and is very roughly dated to near the 4th century.
Seder Olam Rabbah (or simply Seder Olam). Traditionally attributed to the Tannaitic Rabbi Yose ben Halafta. This work covers topics from the creation of the universe to the construction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem.
Sifra on Leviticus. The Sifra work follows the tradition of Rabbi Akiva with additions from the School of Rabbi Ishmael. References in the Talmud to the Sifra are ambiguous; It is uncertain whether the texts mentioned in the Talmud are to an earlier version of our Sifra, or to the sources that the Sifra also drew upon. References to the Sifra from the time of the early medieval rabbis (and after) are to the text extant today. The core of this text developed in the mid-3rd century as a critique and commentary of the Mishnah, although subsequent additions and editing went on for some time afterwards.
Sifre on Numbers and Deuteronomy, going back mainly to the schools of the same two Rabbis. This work is mainly a halakhic midrash, yet includes a long haggadic piece in sections 78-106. References in the Talmud, and in the later Geonic literature, indicate that the original core of Sifre was on the Book of Numbers, Exodus and Deuteronomy. However, transmission of the text was imperfect, and by the Middle Ages, only the commentary on Numbers and Deuteronomy remained. The core material was redacted around the middle of the 3rd century.
Sifre Zutta (The small Sifre). This work is a halakhic commentary on the book of Numbers. The text of this midrash is only partially preserved in medieval works, while other portions were discovered by Solomon Schechter in his research in the famed Cairo Geniza. It seems to be older than most other midrash, coming from the early 3rd century.
Post-Talmudic[edit]
Midrash Qohelet, on Ecclesiastes (probably before middle of 9th century).
Midrash Esther, on Esther (940 CE).
The Pesikta, a compilation of homilies on special Pentateuchal and Prophetic lessons (early 8th century), in two versions:
Pirqe Rabbi Eliezer (not before 8th century), a midrashic narrative of the more important events of the Pentateuch.
Tanchuma or Yelammedenu (9th century) on the whole Pentateuch; its homilies often consist of a halakhic introduction, followed by several poems, exposition of the opening verses, and the Messianic conclusion. There are actually a number of different Midrash Tanhuma collections. The two most important are Midrash Tanhuma Ha Nidpas, literally the published text. This is also sometimes referred to as Midrash Tanhuma Yelamdenu. The other is based on a manuscript published by Solomon Buber and is usually known as Midrash Tanhuma Buber, much to many students' confusion, this too is sometimes referred to as Midrash Tanhuma Yelamdenu. Although the first is the one most widely distributed today, when the medieval authors refer to Midrash Tanchuma, they usually mean the second.
Midrash Shmuel, on the first two Books of Kings (I, II Samuel).
Midrash Tehillim, on the Psalms.
Midrash Mishlé, a commentary on the book of Proverbs.
Yalkut Shimoni. A collection of midrash on the entire Hebrew Scriptures (Tanakh) containing both halakhic and aggadic midrash. It was compiled by Shimon ha-Darshan in the 13th century CE and is collected from over 50 other midrashic works.
Midrash HaGadol (in English: the great midrash) (in Hebrew: מדרש הגדול) was written by Rabbi David Adani of Yemen (14th century).It is a compilation of aggadic midrashim on the Pentateuch taken from the two Talmuds and earlier Midrashim of Yemenite provenance.
Tanna Devei Eliyahu. This work that stresses the reasons underlying the commandments, the importance of knowing Torah, prayer, and repentance, and the ethical and religious values that are learned through the Bible. It consists of two sections, Seder Eliyahu Rabbah and Seder Eliyahu Zuta. It is not a compilation but a uniform work with a single author.
Midrash Tadshe (also called Baraita de-Rabbi Pinehas ben Yair):
Midrash Rabbah[edit]
Midrash Rabbah — widely studied are the Rabboth (great commentaries), a collection of ten midrashim on different books of the Bible (namely, the five books of the Torah and the Five Scrolls). Although referred to collectively as the Midrash Rabbah, they are not a cohesive work, being written by different authors in different locales in different historical eras. The ones on Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy are chiefly made up of homilies on the Scripture sections for the Sabbath or festival, while the others are rather of an exegetical nature.
Bereshith Rabba, Genesis Rabbah. This text dates from the sixth century. A midrash on Genesis, it offers explanations of words and sentences and haggadic interpretations and expositions, many of which are only loosely tied to the text. It is often interlaced with maxims and parables. Its redactor drew upon earlier rabbinic sources, including the Mishnah, Tosefta, the halakhic midrashim the Targums. It apparently drew upon a version of Talmud Yerushalmi that resembles, yet was not identical to, the text that survived to present times. It was redacted sometime in the early fifth century.
Shemot Rabba, Exodus Rabbah (tenth or eleventh and twelfth century)
Vayyiqra Rabba, Leviticus Rabbah (middle seventh century)
Bamidbar Rabba, Numbers Rabbah (twelfth century)
Devarim Rabba, Deuteronomy Rabbah (tenth century)
Shir Hashirim Rabba, Song of Songs Rabbah (probably before the middle of ninth century)
Ruth Rabba, (probably before the middle of ninth century)
Eicha Rabba, Lamentations Rabbah (seventh century). Lamentations Rabbah has been transmitted in two versions. One edition is represented by the first printed edition (at Pesaro in 1519); the other is the Salomon Buber edition, based on manuscript J.I.4 from the Biblioteca Casanatense in Rome. This latter version (Buber's) is quoted by the Shulkhan Arukh, as well as medieval Jewish authorities. It was probably redacted sometime in the fifth century.
Contemporary Jewish midrash[edit]
A wealth of literature and artwork has been created in the 20th and 21st centuries by people aspiring to create "contemporary midrash". Forms include poetry, prose, Bibliodrama (the acting out of Bible stories), murals, masks, and music, among others. The Institute for Contemporary Midrash was formed to facilitate these reinterpretations of sacred texts. The institute hosted several week-long intensives between 1995 and 2004, and published eight issues of Living Text: The Journal of Contemporary Midrash from 1997 to 2000.
Contemporary views[edit]
According to Carol Bakhos, recent studies that use literary-critical tools to concentrate on the cultural and literary aspects of midrash have led to a rediscovery of the importance of these texts for finding insights into the rabbinic culture that created them. Midrash is increasingly seen as a literary and cultural construction, responsive to literary means of analysis.[45]
Reverend Wilda C. Gafney has coined and expanded on womanist midrash, a particular practice and method that Gafney defines as:
"[...] A set of interpretive practices, including translation, exegesis, and biblical narratives, that attends to marginalized characters in biblical narratives, specially women and girls, intentionally including and centering on non-Israelite peoples and enslaved persons. Womanist midrash listens to and for their voices in and through the Hebrew Bible, while acknowledging that often the text does not speak, or even intend to speak, to or for them, let alone hear them. In the tradition of rabbinic midrash and contemporary feminist biblical scholarship, womanist midrash offers names for anonymized characters and crafts/listens to/gives voice to those characters."[46]
Gafney's analysis also draws parallels between midrash as a Jewish exegetical practice and African American Christian practices of biblical interpretation, wherein both practices privilege "sacred imaginative interrogation," or "sanctified imagination" as it is referred to in the black preaching tradition, when exegeting and interpreting the text. "Like classical and contemporary Jewish midrash, the sacred imagination [as practiced in black preaching traditions] tells us the story behind the story, the story between the lines on the page," Gafney writes.[47][5]
Frank Kermode has written that midrash is an imaginative way of "updating, enhancing, augmenting, explaining, and justifying the sacred text". Because the Tanakh came to be seen as unintelligible or even offensive, midrash could be used as a means of rewriting it in a way that both makes it more acceptable to later ethical standards and renders it less obviously implausible.[48]
James L. Kugel, in The Bible as It Was (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1997), examines a number of early Jewish and Christian texts that comment on, expand, or re-interpret passages from the first five books of the Tanakh between the third century BCE and the second century CE.
Kugel traces how and why biblical interpreters produced new meanings by the use of exegesis on ambiguities, syntactical details, unusual or awkward vocabulary, repetitions, etc. in the text. As an example, Kugel examines the different ways in which the biblical story that God's instructions are not to be found in heaven (Deut 30:12) has been interpreted. Baruch 3:29-4:1 states that this means that divine wisdom is not available anywhere other than in the Torah. Targum Neophyti (Deut 30:12) and b. Baba Metzia 59b claim that this text means that Torah is no longer hidden away, but has been given to humans who are then responsible for following it.[49]
Allegory in the Middle Ages
Midrasz, a Polish language journal on Polish Jewish matters
Pardes (Jewish exegesis)
^ a b "midrash". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ Jacob Neusner, What Is Midrash (Wipf and Stock 2014), p. xi
^ Marcus Jastrow, Dictionary of Targumim, Talmud and Midrashic Literature, p. 735
^ 1966-, Gafney, Wilda. Womanist Midrash : a reintroduction to the women of the Torah and the throne (First ed.). Louisville, Kentucky. ISBN 9780664239039. OCLC 988864539.
^ a b Lovelace, Vanessa (2018-09-11). "Womanist Midrash: A Reintroduction to the Women of the Torah and the Throne, written by Wilda C. Gafney". Horizons in Biblical Theology. 40 (2): 212–215. doi:10.1163/18712207-12341379. ISSN 0195-9085.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica: Midrash
^ Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): "Midrashim, Smaller"
^ ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Second Edition, Volume 14, pg 182, Moshe David Herr
^ Collins English Dictionary
^ Chan Man Ki, "A Comparative Study of Jewish Commentaries and Patristic Literature on the Book of Ruth" (University of Pretoria 2010), p. 112, citing Gary G. Porton, "Rabbinic Midrash" in Jacob Neusner, Judaism in Late Antiquity Vol. 1, p. 217; and Jacob Neusner, Questions and Answers: Intellectual Foundations of Judaism (Hendrickson 2005), p. 41
^ Old Testament Hebrew Lexicon: Darash
^ Brown–Driver–Briggs: 1875. darash
^ a b The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion (Oxford University Press 2011): "Midrash and midrashic literature"
^ Lieve M. Teugels, Bible and Midrash: The Story of "The Wooing of Rebekah" (Gen. 24) (Peeters 2004), p. 162
^ Paul D. Mandel, The Origins of Midrash: From Teaching to Text (BRILL 2017), p. 16
^ Jacob Neusner, What Is Midrash? (Wipf and Stock 2014), p. 9
^ Lidija Novaković, "The Scriptures and Scriptural Interpretation" in Joel B. Green, Lee Martin McDonald (editors), The World of the New Testament: Cultural, Social, and Historical Contexts (Baker Academic 2013)
^ Martin McNamara, Targum and New Testament: Collected Essays (Mohr Siebeck 2011), p. 417
^ Carol Bakhos, Current Trends in the Study of Midrash (BRILL 2006), p. 163
^ Andrew Lincoln, Hebrews: A Guide (Bloomsbury 2006), p. 71
^ Adam Nathan Chalom, Modern Midrash: Jewish Identity and Literary Creativity (University of Michigan 2005), pp. 42 and 83
^ a b Lieve M. Teugels, Bible and Midrash: The Story of "The Wooing of Rebekah" (Gen. 24) (Peeters 2004), p. 168
^ Jacob Neusner, Midrash as Literature: The Primacy of Discourse (Wipf and Stock 2003), p. 3
^ Gary G. Porton, "Defining Midrash" in Jacob Neusner (editor), The Study of Ancient Judaism: Mishnah, Midrash, Siddur (KTAV 1981), pp. 59−92
^ Matthias Henze, Biblical Interpretation at Qumran (Eerdmans 2005), p. 86
^ Hartmut Stegemann, The Library of Qumran: On the Essenes, Qumran, John the Baptist, and Jesus (BRILL 1998)
^ Craig A. Evans, "Listening for Echoes of Interpreted Scripture" in Craig A. Evans, James A. Sanders (editors), Paul and the Scriptures of Israel (Bloomsbury 2015), p. 50
^ George Wesley Buchanan, The Gospel of Matthew (Wipf and Stock 2006), p. 644 (vol. 2)
^ Stanley E. Porter, Dictionary of Biblical Criticism and Interpretation (Routledge 2007), p. 226
^ Timothy H. Lim, "The Origins and Emergence of Midrash in Relation to the Hebrew Scriptures" in Jacob Neusner, Alan J. Avery-Peck (editors), The Midrash. An Encyclopaedia of Biblical Interpretation in Formative Judaism (Leiden: BRILL 2004), pp. 595-612
^ David C. Jacobson, Modern Midrash: The Retelling of Traditional Jewish Narratives by Twentieth-Century Hebrew Writers (SUNY 2012)
^ Adam Nathan Chalom, Modern Midrash: Jewish Identity and Literary Creativity (University of Michigan 2005)
^ Craig A. Evans, To See and Not Perceive: Isaiah 6.9-10 in Early Jewish and Christian Interpretation (Bloomsbury 1989), p. 14
^ Jonathan S. Nkoma, Significance of the Dead Sea Scrolls and other Essays (African Books Collective 2013), p. 59
^ Encyclopaedia Britannica. article "Talmud and Midrash", section "Modes of interpretation and thought"
^ Jacob Neusner, What Is Midrash (Wipf and Stock 2014), pp. 1−2 and 7−8
^ Bernard H. Mehlman, Seth M. Limmer, Medieval Midrash: The House for Inspired Innovation (BRILL 2016), p. 21
^ My Jewish Learning: What Is Midrash?
^ ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Second Edition, Volume 14, pg 193
^ a b ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Second Edition, Volume 14, pg 194
^ (Genesis Rabbah 9:7, translation from Soncino Publications)
^ Narratology, Hermeneutics, and Midrash: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Narratives from the Late Antique Period Through to Modern Times, ed Constanza Cordoni, Gerhard Langer, V&R unipress GmbH, 2014, pg 71
^ 1966-, Gafney, Wilda. Womanist Midrash : a reintroduction to the women of the Torah and the throne (First ed.). Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. p. 3. ISBN 9780664239039. OCLC 988864539.
^ 1966-, Gafney, Wilda (2017). Womanist Midrash : a reintroduction to the women of the Torah and the throne (First ed.). Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. p. 4. ISBN 9780664239039. OCLC 988864539.
^ Kermode, Frank. "The Midrash Mishmash". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
^ "Review of J. L. Kugel, The Bible as It Was". www.jhsonline.org. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
Midrash Section of Chabad.org Includes a five-part series on the classic approaches to reading Midrash.
Sacred Texts: Judaism: Tales and Maxims from the Midrash extracted and translated by Samuel Rapaport, 1908.
Midrash—entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
"Midrashim" . Catholic Encyclopedia. 1913.
"Midrash". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
"Midrash". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
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text:
Economic Aspects of Health
Victor R. Fuchs, editor
Published in 1982 by University of Chicago Press
© 1982 by the National Bureau of Economic Research
More information on purchasing this book
Front matter, table of contents, acknowledgment: Victor R. Fuchs (p. -11 - 0) (bibliographic info) (download)
Introduction: Victor R. Fuchs (p. 1 - 12) (bibliographic info) (download)
1. Prenatal Medical Care and Infant Mortality: Jeffrey E. Harris (p. 13 - 52) (bibliographic info) (download) (Working Paper version)
2. The Behavior of Mothers as Inputs to Child Health: The Determinants of Birth Weight, Gestation, and Rate of Fetal Growth: Mark R. Rosenzweig, T. Paul Schultz (p. 53 - 92) (bibliographic info) (download)
3. Time Preference and Health: An Exploratory Study: Victor R. Fuchs (p. 93 - 120) (bibliographic info) (download) (Working Paper version)
4. Healthiness, Education, and Marital Status: Paul Taubman, Sherwin Rosen (p. 121 - 140) (bibliographic info) (download) (Working Paper version)
5. The Status of Health in Demand Estimation; or, Beyond Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor: Willard G. Manning, Jr., Joseph P. Newhouse, John E. Ware, Jr. (p. 141 - 184) (bibliographic info) (download)
6. Physical Disabilities and Post-secondary Educational Choices: Robert A. Shakotko, Michael Grossman (p. 185 - 202) (bibliographic info) (download) (Working Paper version)
7. Employment, Earnings, and Psychiatric Diagnosis: Lee Benham, Alexandra Benham (p. 203 - 220) (bibliographic info) (download)
8. Children's Health Problems: Implications for Parental Labor Supply and Earnings: David S. Salkever (p. 221 - 252) (bibliographic info) (download) (Working Paper version)
9. The Choice of Health Policies with Heterogeneous Populations: Donald S. Shepard, Richard J. Zeckhauser (p. 253 - 298) (bibliographic info) (download) (Working Paper version)
10. Medical Care, Medical Insurance, and Survival Probability: The True Cost of Living: Theodore C. Bergstrom (p. 299 - 324) (bibliographic info) (download)
List of Contributors, Indexes: Victor R. Fuchs (p. 325 - 334) (bibliographic info) (download)


After seeing reports that he'd passed out onstage during a performance at Las Vegas' Drai's Beachclub & Nightclub, 2 Chainz has stepped forward to deny the claim.
The video 2Chainz is referring to finds the rapper performing a song as he lays down onstage while fanning himself with a stack of cash.
After the Internet believed he passed out, 2 Chainz, who was born Tauheed Epps, made sure his fans know that he drinks too much water for him to collapse onstage like that.
Chainz, who recently made a foray into the marijuana business, also maintains he's not on any type of hard drugs that would cause him to fall in any way.


text:
Encyclopedia > Wikiwiki
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The term WikiWiki ("wiki wiki" means "quick" in the Hawaiian language; pronounced "weekeeweekee" or /wikiwiki/ in SAMPA) can be used to identify either a type of hypertext document (that uses HTML tags) or the software used to write it. Often called "wiki" for short, the collaborative software application enables web documents to be authored collectively using a simple markup scheme and without the content being reviewed prior to its acceptance. The resulting collaborative hypertext document, also called either "wiki" or "WikiWikiWeb," is typically produced by a community of users. Many wikis are immediately identifiable by their use of CamelCase, produced by capitalizing words in a phrase and removing the spaces between them; this turns the phrase into an automatic link (although this is not so in Wikipedia). The world's largest WikiWiki is Wikipedia, whose goal is to produce a complete encyclopedia from scratch.
The original WikiWikiWeb was established by Ward Cunningham in 1995 [1] (http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory), who invented and named the Wiki concept, and produced the first implementation of a WikiWiki server. Some people maintain that only Ward's wiki should be called Wiki (upper case) or the WikiWikiWeb. Ward's Wiki remains one of the most popular Wiki sites. It is a mark of wiki culture that no two wiki clones are alike. It is often debatable whether a site is a wiki or not, and few people expend much effort trying to define or preserve the difference.
There are "guided bus tours" taking you to various wiki sites. At each site there is a "bus stop" giving some info about that wiki. You can "get off the bus" to stay longer at that wiki, or move on to the next. To start, go to the "bus stop" of Wikipedia: Wikipedia:TourBusStop.
You can search the page titles of various wikis at once using MetaWiki.
Characteristics of functioning wikis are that they have good software support, and an active user community -- its wiki community. In this they have similarities with web logs, which became popular at the end of the 1990s, but only wikis allow almost all users to edit most articles.
Wiki software originated in the design pattern community for writing pattern languages. The Portland Pattern Repository (http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?PortlandPatternRepository) was the first wiki.
See also: History of wiki, Wiki software
1 Wiki Communities
2 Wiki Dictionary
3 Wiki Encyclopedias
4 Wiki-like systems
Wiki Communities
WorldWideWiki: OneBigWiki - Most complete index (http://www.worldwidewiki.net/wiki/OneBigWiki)
Asian Open Source Centre
CapitanCook
Cunnan
DarwinWiki
Disinfopedia
GreenCheese[?]
Grubstreet[?] - the Open Community Guide to London [2] (http://grault.net/grubstreet/index.pl)
infoAnarchy wiki
Javapedia
Know-how Wiki
MeatballWiki
OpenFacts
Personal Telco
WhyClublet
Wikipedia, Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination
Ypsilanti Eyeball (http://sknkwrks.dyndns.org:1957/writewiki/wiki.pl) - Ypsilanti, Michigan's own user maintained wiki
Wiki Dictionary
Wiktionary (http://wiktionary.org/)
Wiki Encyclopedias
Susning.nu (Swedish)
Enciclopedia Libre (Spanish)
Internet-Encyclopedia (http://internet-encyclopedia.info/wiki.phtml)
Wiki-like systems
Halfbakery
(the original) WikiWikiWeb
CapitanCook (http://www.capitancook.com/) - the open content travel guide
MeatBall:WikiCommunityList
MeatBall:BiggestWiki
http://www.codepedia.com -- for software and hardware developers
http://aronsson.se/wikipaper -- paper by Lars Aronsson about wikis in general and his Swedish wiki susning.nu.
Simple Science Wiki (http://www.renaissoft.com/april/cgi-bin/wiki.pl)
Asian Open Source Centre (http://www.asiaosc.org/enwiki/)
UseModWiki
... capitalism, featuring a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through ...


Alton Towers splendid location in the heart of the Staffordhire Moorlands has one disadvantage! Apart from the on-site hotel there is little local accommodation nearby.
The Three Queens Lodge was built with families going to Alton Towers in mind. Each Family room is, on average, 1/3rd larger than the national chains of Inns and Lodges giving your family plenty of space for those travelling extras.
With peeling paintwork and overgrown courtyards Calke Abbey tells the story of the dramatic decline of a grand country-house estate.
Welcome to Chatsworth House, set in the heart of the Peak District in Derbyshire.
In the heart of England, Donington Park Circuit is one of the UK's most popular racing circuits and is the venue for exciting prestigious events such as The British Touring Car Championship, European Truck Grand Prix and British Superbikes to name just a few.
Drayton Manor Park is home to some of the biggest wettest and scariest rides around and our Drayton Manor hotel and ticket packages offer you the chance to really make the most of your visit.
Take a trip back in time to the 1760s at this spectacular Neo-classical mansion, framed by historic parkland.
Located only nine miles from the Three Queens Lodge the National Memorial Arboretum is the United Kingdom's living and lasting memorial to commemorate and celebrate those who have given their lives in the service of their country, all who have served and those who have suffered as a result of conflict.
The National Brewery Centre is a world-class museum and visitor centre that celebrates Burton upon Trent's proud brewing heritage and it's influence on brewing techniques throughout the world.
Remember when orange and brown interior decorating was all the rage? Remember when folks got down with the funk at discos? That's right, it was the 70's. But it wasn't all bad.
In 1976 The National Exhibition Centre (The NEC) opened its hallowed doors and changed the UK's exhibition scene forever; it was a day to be remembered – The Queen even popped by.
In 1907 admission to the racecourse cost just one shilling (5p) and was largely patronised by the nobility, gentry and sportsmen of the county. It was in 1988 when the late Sir Stanley Clarke took over, that the transformation into the racecourse that we know today truly began.


Kansas feedlot sales to packers in December rose seasonally but remained between those of December 2017 and the 2012-2016 average, according to data from Kansas State University and compiled by the Livestock Marketing Information Center in Denver.
The K-State Extension Service gathers closeout, or sales data from select Kansas feedlots for the previous month, and the LMIC extrapolates it to formulate a picture of what the whole state did during the month. The results then are published on the LMIC web site.
The data showed that Kansas feedlots marketed, or sold to packers and closed out the account for those cattle, an average of 5,427 head of steers in December, up 1,208, or 28.6%, from 4,219 head in November but down 1,306, or 19.4%, from 6,733 head in December 2017. It also was up 1,404, or 34.9%, from the previous five-year average of 4,023 head.
Based on the 2012-2016 average, the number of steers marketed by Kansas feedlots declines in January from December and continues to decline into February, which often is the annual low. A second marketing low occurs in September that rivals the February low.
In December 2017, Kansas feedlot steer marketings shot higher, only to drop sharply again in January.
Sale weights of steers from Kansas feedlots in December tended to remain close to the 2012-2016 average but above 2017.
Closeout weights in December from Kansas feedlots averaged 1,434 pounds, down 10, or 0.69%, from 1,444 in November but up 19, or 1.34%, from 1,415 pounds a year earlier and up 2.4, or 0.17%, from the previous five-year average of 1,431.4 pounds.
Final weights of steers marketed from Kansas feedlots started 2018 below 2017 but crossed above a year earlier in April and remained there for the rest of the year, except for July when they averaged four pounds below.
Sale weights of steers has a strong seasonal tendency to drop in January from December. They continue to decline into an April bottom and then move generally higher through December.
However, steers from Kansas feedlots were less efficient than they are normally, at least from June on.
The average number of pounds the December marketings put on per day they were in the feedlots was 3.61, up 0.02, or 0.56%, from 3.59 in November but down 0.13, or 3.48%, from 3.74 a year earlier and down 0.256, or 6.62%, from the 2012-2016 average of 3.866.
While the steers put on less weight per day during the second half of 2018, the trend was similar to the average, bottoming in April or May and then moving higher through December. The tendency for January closeouts is for them to gain less per day than the December cattle.
The USDA choice cutout Friday was down $1.13 per cwt at $214.26, while select was up $0.27 at $213.15. The choice/select spread narrowed to $1.11 from $2.51 with 52 loads of fabricated product sold into the spot market.
The CME Feeder Cattle index for the seven days ended Thursday, was $141.86 per cwt, down $0.71. This compares with Friday's Mar contract settlement of $142.52, down $0.02.


text:
\section{Introduction}
The transport properties of mesoscopic devices are markedly affected
by electronic correlations. Gate potentials applied to such devices
give experimental control over effects once accessible only in special
arrangements. In particular, the Kondo effect and Fano anti-resonances
have been unequivocally identified in the conductance of
single-electron transistors (SET) \cite{gold1,gold2,gores}; of
Aharonov-Bohm rings \cite{mahalu}; and of quantum wires with
side-coupled quantum dots \cite{sato}. Another achievement was a recent
study of the thermopower, a quantity sensitive to particle-hole
asymmetry that monitors the flux of spin entropy \cite{scheibner}. This
work presents a numerical renormalization-group
study \cite{wilson,mak,viv} of the thermoelectric properties of
nanodevices. We consider a quantum dot coupled to conduction electrons
in the two most widely studied geometries: the single-electron
transistor (SET), in which the quantum dot bridges two-dimensional gases
coupled to electrodes; and the $T$-shaped device, in which a quantum
dot is side-coupled to a quantum wire.

\section{Thermoelectric properties}
Thermoelectric properties are traditionally studied in two
arrangements: the Seebeck (open circuit) and Peltier (closed circuit)
setups \cite{ziman}. In the former, the steady-state electric current
vanishes. A temperature gradient drives electrons towards the coldest
region, and induces an electric potential difference between the hot
and the cold extremes. The expression $S= - \Delta V/\Delta T$, where
$\Delta V$ is the potential difference induced by the temperature
difference $\Delta T$, then determines the thermopower $S$. Since the
electrons transport heat, the heat current $Q$ can also be measured,
and the thermal conductance $\kappa$ can be obtained from the relation
$ Q = -\kappa \nabla T$.

In the Peltier setup, a current $J$ is driven through a circuit
kept at uniform temperature. The heat flux $Q =\Pi J$ is then measured and determines
the Peltier coefficient $\Pi$, which is proportional to the thermopower: $\Pi = S T$.

We prefer the Seebeck setup. The transport coefficients are then
computed from the integrals \cite{kim}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:1}
I_{n}(T) = -\frac{2}{h} \int_{-D}^{+D} \,\, \varepsilon^{n}\,\,
\frac{\partial f(\varepsilon)}{\partial \varepsilon}\,\, {\mathcal
  T}(\varepsilon,T)\,\, d\varepsilon\qquad(n=0,1,2).
\end{equation}
where ${\mathcal T}(\varepsilon,T)$ is the transmission probability
at energy $\epsilon$ and temperature $T$, $f(\varepsilon)$ is the Fermi
distribution and $D$ is the half width of the conduction band.  The
electric conductance $G$, the thermopower $S$, and the thermal
conductance $\kappa$ are given by \cite{kim}
\begin{eqnarray}
G &=& e^{2} I_{0}(T) \\ S &=& - \frac{I_{1}(T)}{e T I_{0}(T)}
\\ \kappa &=& \frac{1}{T} \left\{I_{2}(T) -
\frac{I_{1}^{2}(T)}{I_{0}(T)}\right\},
\end{eqnarray}
respectively.
Our problem, therefore, is to compute ${\mathcal T}(\varepsilon,T)$
for a correlated quantum dot coupled to a gas of non-interacting electrons.

\section{Thermal Conductance and Thermopower of a SET}
Recent experiments \cite{gores} have detected Fano anti-resonances in
coexistence with the Kondo effect in SETs. The interference indicates
that the electrons can flow through the dot or tunnel
directly from on electrode to the other. The transport properties of
the SET can be studied by a modified Anderson model \cite{hofst,bulka},
which in standard notation is described by the Hamiltonian
\begin{eqnarray}
H &=& \sum_{k,\alpha} \varepsilon_{k} c_{k,\alpha}^{\dagger}
c_{k,\alpha}^{\mbox{}} +
t\sum_{k,k'}(c_{k,L}^{\dagger}c_{k,R}^{\mbox{}} +
H.c.)+ V \sum_{k,\alpha}
(c_{k,\alpha}^{\dagger} c_{d}^{\mbox{}} + H.c. ) + H_{d}.\label{eq:ham}
\end{eqnarray}
Here the quantum-dot Hamiltonian is $H_{d} = \varepsilon_{d}
c_{d}^{\dagger}c_{d}^{\mbox{}} + U n_{d,\uparrow} n_{d,\downarrow}$, with a
dot energy $\varepsilon_{d}$, controlled by a gate potential applied to the dot,
that competes with the Coulomb repulsion $U$.  The summation index $\alpha$ on
the right-hand side takes the values $L$ and $R$, for the left and right
electrodes respectively. The tunneling amplitude $t$ allows transitions between the
electrodes, while $V$ couples the electrodes to the quantum dot. The
Hamiltonian~(\ref{eq:ham}) being invariant under inversion, it is
convenient to substitute even ($+$) and odd ($-$) operators
$c_{k\pm}=(c_{kR}\pm c_{kL})/\sqrt2$ for the $c_{kL}$ and $c_{kR}$. It
results that only the $c_{k+}$ are coupled to the quantum dot. For
brevity, we define the shorthand $\gamma\equiv\pi\rho t$, where $\rho$
is the density of conduction states; and the dot-level width $\Gamma
\equiv \pi\rho V^2$.
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[clip=true,width=8.5cm]{fig1.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{{Thermal conductance $\kappa$, normalized by the
    temperature $T$, as a function of the dot energy for $U=0.3\,D$
    and four $t$s, at the indicated temperatures. The top panel, with
    $t=0$, shows no sign of interference. The second (third) panel,
    with $t=0.16\,D$ ($t=-0.16\,D$) displays a Fano antiresonance. In
    the bottom panel, $t=0.32\,D$, the conductance vanishes in the
    Kondo valley as $T\to0$.}\label{fig:1}}
\end{figure}

{In the absence of magnetic fields, the transmission
  probability through the SET is \cite{kim1,hofst}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:transmit}
{\mathcal T}(\varepsilon,T)&=&T_{0} + \frac{4\Gamma
  \sqrt{T_{0}R_{0}}}{1+\gamma^{2}} {\Re}\{G_{d,d}\}(\varepsilon,T) + \nonumber
\frac{2\Gamma(T_{0}-R_{0})}{1+\gamma^{2}}{\Im}\{G_{d,d}\}(\varepsilon,T),
\end{eqnarray}
where $G_{dd}(\epsilon, T)$ is the retarded Green's function for the
dot orbital, and we have defined $T_0\equiv 4\gamma^{2}/(1+\gamma^{2})^{2}$
and $R_0\equiv1-T_0$.

To compute $\mathcal{T}$, we rely on the numerical-renormalization group (NRG)
diagonalization of the model Hamiltonian \cite{wilson}. Although the resulting
eigenvectors and eigenvalues yield essentially exact results for $\Im
\{G_{dd}\}(\epsilon,T)$, the direct computation of $\Re\{G_{dd}\}$ is
unwieldy. We have found it more convenient to define the Fermi
operator
\begin{eqnarray}
b \equiv \left(\frac{2 \Gamma}{1+\gamma^{2}}\right)^{1/2}
c_{d} + \left(\frac{4\gamma^ {2}}{1+\gamma^{2}}\right)^{1/2}\frac1{\sqrt{\pi\rho}}
\sum_k c_{k+},
\end{eqnarray}
because the imaginary part of its retarded Green's function
$G_{bb}(\epsilon,T)$ is directly related to the transmission
probability: aided by the two equations of motion relating $G_{kk'}$
to $G_{dk}$, and $G_{kd}$ to $G_{dd}$, straightforward manipulation of
Eq.~(\ref{eq:transmit}) show that ${\mathcal T}(\varepsilon,T) = - \Im
\{G_{b,b}\}(\varepsilon,T)$. In practice, we (i) diagonalize $H$
iteratively \cite{wilson}; (ii) for each pair of resulting eigenstates
$(|m\rangle, |n\rangle$), compute the matrix elements $\langle
m|b_{\sigma}|n\rangle$ ; (iii) thermal average the results
\cite{wanda,sandra} to obtain ${\Im}\{G_{b,b}\}(\varepsilon,T)$;
(iv) substitute the result for $\mathcal {T}(\varepsilon,T)$ in
Eq.~(\ref{eq:1}); and (v) evaluate the integral for $n=0,1,2$ to obtain $I_n(T)$
($n=0, 1, 2$).

Figure~\ref{fig:1} shows numerical results for the thermal conductance
as a function of the gate energy $\varepsilon_{d}$. Well above or
  well below the Kondo temperature $T_K$, we expect the thermal and
electric conductances to obey the Wiedemann-Franz law $\kappa/T =
\pi^{2} G/3$ and hence show the thermal conductance normalized by the
temperature $T$.  Each panel represents a tunneling parameter $t$ and
displays the thermal-conductance profile for the indicated
temperatures.  All curves were computed for $\Gamma= 10^{-2} D$, and
$U = 0.3 D$.

The top panel shows the standard SET, with no direct tunneling
channel. At the lowest temperature ($k_BT=10^{-9}D$), the model
Hamiltonian close to the strong-coupling fixed point, the Kondo
screening makes the quantum dot transparent to electrons, so that in
the Kondo regime [$\Gamma\ll \min(|\varepsilon_{d}|, 2\varepsilon_{d}+U)$] the Wiedemann-Franz
law pushes the ratio $3\kappa/\pi^2T$ to the unitary limit
$2e^2/h$. At higher temperatures, the Kondo cloud evaporates and the
thermal conductance drops steepily. The maxima near $\varepsilon_{d}=0$ and
$\varepsilon_{d}=-U$ reflect the two resonances associated with the transitions
$c_d^1\leftrightarrow c_d^0$ and $c_d^1\leftrightarrow c_d^2$.

In the next two panels, the direct tunneling amplitude substantially
increased, the current through the dot tends to interfere with the
current bypassing the dot. To show that a particle-hole transformation
is equivalent to changing the sign of the amplitude $t$, we compare
the curves with $t=0.16\,D$ (second panel) with $t=-0.16D$ (third
panel). At low temperatures, in the former (latter) case, the
interference between the $c_d^1\leftrightarrow c_d^0$ and
$c_d^1\leftrightarrow c_d^2$ transitions is constructive near $\varepsilon_{d}=0$
($\varepsilon_{d}=-U$) and destructive near $\varepsilon_{d}=U$ ($\varepsilon_{d}=0$). At intermediate dot
energies, $\varepsilon_{d}\approx -U/2$, the amplitudes for direct transition and
for transition through the dot have orthogonal phases and fail to
interfere, so that the resulting current is the sum of the two
individual currents.

In the bottom panel, the direct tunneling amplitude $t$ is
dominant. For gate potentials disfavoring the formation of a dot
moment, heat flows from one electrode to the other. In the Kondo
regime, however, at low temperatures, the Kondo cloud coupling the dot
to the electrode orbitals closest to it blocks transport between the
electrodes. As the Kondo cloud evaporates, the thermal conductance in
the $\varepsilon_{d}\approx-U/2$ rises with temperature, so that the resulting
profile is symmetric to the one in the top panel. The two resonances
near $\varepsilon_{d}=0$ and $\varepsilon_{d}=-U$, which are independent of Kondo screening,
keep the thermal conductance low even at relatively high temperatures.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[clip=true,width=8.5cm]{fig2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Thermopower as a function of $\varepsilon_{d}$ for the four
  tunneling amplitudes $t$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}. Again $\Gamma=0.01D$ and $U = 0.3
  D$. For each $t$, the profile of the thermal power is presented at
  the indicated temperatures. \label{fig:2}}
\end{figure}

Figure~\ref{fig:2} shows thermopower profiles for the same amplitudes
$t$ discussed in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}. In contrast with the thermal
conductance, the thermopower is sensitive to particle-hole asymmetry:
heat currents due to holes (electrons) make it positive
(negative). For the standard SET ($t=0$, top panel), the thermopower
is negligible at low temperatures and vanishes at the particle-hole
symmetric parametrical point $\varepsilon_{d} = -U/2$.

With $|t|=0.16D$, particle-hole symmetry is broken at $\varepsilon_{d}=-U/2$, and
temperatures comparable to $T_K$ make the thermopower sizeable in the
Kondo regime. For $t=0.16D$, the sensitivity to particle-hole
asymmetry makes the interference between electron (hole) currents
constructive (destructive) for both $\varepsilon_{d}=0$ and for $\varepsilon_{d}=U$, while for
$t=-0.16D$ it is destructive (constructive).

For $t=0.32D$, direct tunneling again dominant, in the Kondo regime
($\varepsilon_{d}\approx -U/2$) the thermopower becomes sensitive to the Kondo
effect, which is chiefly due to electrons (holes) above (below) the
  Fermi level. The thermopower therefore emerges as a
probe of direct-tunneling leaks in SETs, one that may help identify
the source of interference in this and other nanodevices.

\section{Side-coupled quantum dot}
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[clip=true,width=8.5cm]{fig3.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The thermal conductance, thermopower and electric conductance
  are presented as a function of $\varepsilon_{d}$.  The temperature
  dependence of each quantity is also presented.\label{fig:3}}
\end{figure}

We have also studied the $T$-shaped device, in which the dot is
side-coupled to \revised{a quantum}{the} wire
\cite{sato}. Again, we considered the Seebeck setup. The
  quantum wire now shunting the two electrodes, we drop the coupling
  proportional to $t$ on the right-hand side of Eq.~(\ref{eq:ham}) and
 employ the standard Anderson Hamiltonian
\begin{eqnarray}
H_s = \sum_{k} \varepsilon_{k} c_{k}^{\dagger}c_{k}^{\mbox{}}+
V\sum_{k}( c_{k,\sigma}^{\dagger} c_{d}^{\mbox{}} + H.c.) +
H_{d}
\end{eqnarray}
where $H_{d} = \varepsilon_{d} c_{d}^{\dagger} c_{d}^{\mbox{}} + U n_{d,\uparrow}
n_{d,\downarrow}$ is the dot Hamiltonian. The transmission probability
is now given by ${\mathcal
  T}(\varepsilon,T) = 1+ \pi \rho V^{2} \Im\{G_{d,d}\}(\varepsilon,T)$
where $G_{d,d}(\varepsilon,T)$. Following the procedure outlined
above, we have diagonalized the Hamiltonian $H_s$ iteratively and
computed the electrical conductance, the thermal conductance and the
thermopower as functions of the gate potential
$\varepsilon_{d}$. Figure~\ref{fig:3} displays results for $U = 0.3
D$, and $\Gamma = 0.01\,D$.

Not surprisingly---the wire is equivalent to a large tunneling
amplitude, i.~e.,\ to $t\sim D$---the transport coefficients mimic those of the $t=0.32\,D$ SET.
At low temperatures ($T \ll T_{K}$) in the Kondo regime, for instance,
the Kondo cloud blocks transport through the wire segment closest to
the dot.  The thermal and electrical conductances thus vanish for
$\varepsilon_{d}\approx-U/2$. As the temperature rises, the evaporation of the
Kondo cloud allows transport and both conductances rise near the
particle-hole symmetric point. At low temperatures, the sensitivity to
particle-hole asymmetry enhances the thermopower in the Kondo regime,
a behavior analogous to the bottom panel in Fig.~\ref{fig:2}.

\section{Conclusions}
We have calculated the transport coefficients for the SET and the
side-coupled geometries. In both cases, the thermal dependence and the
gate-voltage profiles show signatures of the Kondo effect and of
quantum interference. Our essentially exact NRG results identify
trends that can aid the interpretation of experimental results. In the
side-coupled geometry, in particular, the Kondo cloud has marked
effects upon the thermopower.

\section{Acknowledgments}
Financial support by the FAPESP and the CNPq is acknowledged.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
CLEOINC.ORG
Judge Denise Owens
CLEO 1976
Judge Denise Owens was elected in 1989 as Chancellor for Hinds County, Mississippi, and is presently senior judge.
A 1972 graduate of Tougaloo College and 1979 graduate of George Washington University Law School, Judge Owens completed advanced studies at the American Business Court Judges Law and Economics Institute.
Judge Owens was an Attorney with Legal Services from 1979 to 1982, and from 1983 to 1986, she was Partner and Managing Attorney for Owens & Owens law firm. She has also been an Adjunct Professor at Tougaloo, Hinds Community College and Jackson State University.
Judge Owens is past Secretary, Vice Chair and Chairperson of Mississippi Conference of Chancery Judges. She is a member of the Mississippi Bar; Mississippi Bar Foundation; National Association of Women Judges; Magnolia Bar. She was appointed as Co-Chairperson of the Mississippi Access to Justice Commission. She is a member of the American Bar, the National Bar. She was the recipient of the 2010 Chief Justice Award from the Mississippi Supreme Court, 2009 Mississippi Volunteer Lawyers Pioneer Award, The 2010 Tougaloo College Meritorious Leadership Award, 2006 Hinds County Bar Judicial Innovation Award, 2003 Mississippi Bar Fellow, and the 2002 Magnolia Bar Government Service Award.
© 2020 CLEO Judges Hall of Fame


text:
From ACADEMY AWARD-WINNING director Bryan Fogel (ICARUS), The Dissident is a critically acclaimed edge-of-your-seat, adrenaline-filled thriller that plays out at the highest levels of power, exposing the labyrinth of deceit behind the murder of Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. Featuring never before seen surveillance footage and unprecedented access to a wealth of other damning information previously unavailable to the public, Fogel weaves a story of courage, money, power, tyranny, love, and technology run amok. The Dissident is the untold story of the crime that shook the world.
Rent $19.99
Hatice Cengiz
Mark Monroe
Jake Swantko
Thor Halvorssen
© 2020 Orwell Productions, LLC
Grizzly Man
The Phenomenon
Movies in Documentary
Yung Lean: In My Head


Ann Cameron is the writer of numerous books for kids, however in this story she is the key character. After diagnosing colon cancer she was even more popular.
In June 2012 when cancer entered in third phase she was operated. This wasn't her first meeting with the unwanted disease. In 2005 her spouse died from lung cancer, even after he had chemotherapy.
Ann refused to go the same way like her husband and didn't have chemotherapy.
I was exposed to operation for colon cancer in June 2012, and then I denied chemotherapy healing. I was feeling well, however after six months the cancer was spread to the lungs, and entered the fourth phase she said.
Following four months tissues were back to regular and the tumor has kept on withdrawing.
Following eight months, registered tomography examination demonstrated that the cancer was gone.


Mobility Scooter Control Panel Cover.
Suitable for use with most mobility scooters, this Mobility Scooter Control Panel Cover protects the controls from the weather. It simply wraps around the control panel with elasticated edges and hook and loop fastening preventing the ingress of rain. The controls remain visible at all times thanks to the see through PVC panel.
Very pleased with it thanku !
The cover is great, so I got a second one for my wife's scooter. Delivery was very quick, but the delivery charge I believe is a little much. How ever I will use Completecare again.


Why does the number of LPWAN base stations count?
Short answer, it counts a lot. Whilst the CAPEX and BoM might be relatively insignificant for gateway hardware, deployment and maintenance of a base station is a whole new thing altogether. So let's look at the logistics of deploying a network with multiple base stations and get some perspective on this.
Why do the operators with a higher number of base stations in the LPWAN space currently lead the market? Will operators with more base stations win the LPWAN race? These are the questions we're going to grapple with in this article.
If you travel on business then you're happy access the internet with your smartphone. You need it to read your emails and to stay in contact with your family. And any other things you do with it – let's not get into that here.
In my smartphone I have two different SIM cards. The SIM card for business is on operator A and my private SIM card is on operator B. A and B are the local market leaders.
On my private SIM card I could use operator C. C is not too bad but the coverage is worse, far worse in my case. A and B are better because they operate far more base stations. You can compare this with your own experiences with your smartphone.
What we have learned form our smartphone experience we can apply to the LPWAN space too. The number of gateways counts.
The link budget for Sigfox, LoRaWAN and NB-IoT is between 151 dB and 156 dB. The higher the link budget the longer the range but a 3 dB greater link budget will not increase the range much. To cover a city in terms of range it is the number of base stations that will count. No base station = no phone call. No LPWAN base station = no message transmit.
The graphic shows the base station density for several public LPWAN technologies (NB-IoT, LoRaWAN, SIGFOX) in some European countries.
For this analysis we are focusing on Europe and regions where the technologies originated. France is home to the origin of Sigfox, LoRa and Actility. In France two pubic LoRaWANs operate in parallel.
NB-IoT has its roots in Europe too. Neul in UK – the original architects of Weightless technology that is now an integral part of NB-IoT architecture – is European. Ericsson in Sweden and Nokia in Finland are significant contributors to a global LPWAN story on NB-IoT.
Weightless is not mentioned in this article because they do not run public networks for now. Furthermore, we do not talk about private LPWAN on LoRaWAN, LoRa on other protocols or further LPWAN technologies. This time we're only writing about LPWAN technologies available in Europe.
Today we make a hot spot on SIGFOX coverage maps in two different European countries, the UK and Germany. The coverage map on the SIGFOX website is a simulated coverage map for outdoor only. For indoor at the window they suggest that the link budget should be reduced by between 20 dB and 35 dB. What? That is massive. To calculate the implication just apply the Okumura Hata radio propagation model.
We went to the SIGFOX website to check the UK outdoor network coverage in comparison to the local cellular networks. When German cellular operators talk about coverage, they mean indoor coverage; they enable phone calls to be made indoors. None of us wants to go outside to make calls.
In Hamburg, Germany, we have an area of 755 km2 with 1,544 mobile base stations. That is more cellular base stations than SIGFOX has in UK, Ireland and Italy altogether.
Sigfox is completely underdeveloped in the UK and Germany. Even in the home country of France the base station density is low.
Any country with a company that has contracted with Sigfox as a partner to provide network services is counted as a de facto national network.
Officially there is no roaming contract. Unofficial worldwide roaming is difficult because Sigfox has four different regions split by radio regulations in frequency bands, Tx power level and speed. A Sigfox device made in Europe is not able to register in the US because Sigfox has no connected messaging and will transmit and hope to be close a gateway.
An European Sigfox device powered on in the US will transmit in a frequency range used for GSM, UMTS and LTE. Again, at a Sigfox base station there was no reference signal to detect the region in 2016. A new feature is promising that, but even on request we got no SIGFOX module with this new software stack available and valid radio regulation approval. Moreover, a multi region radio is inverse to the message of low module price.
Europe networks are run by several independent companies. In the unlicensed band there are no regulations to oblige a particular operator to cover a specified region in a given time. There are no regulations to make the locations of base station public in a similar way that we do for cellular base stations in Europe. Moreover, we have one Sigfox network operator per country only. This makes national roaming impossible.
With LoRaWAN we have the same situation. LoRaWAN offers no beacon signal to detect the region. Moreover, the parameters of the LoRa physical layer are dissimilar; roaming is physical impossible. In France, two public LoRaWANs run in parallel but national roaming is impossible. Roaming between networks was not a part of the specification of the LoRaWAN stack. To add roaming you need some servers in the background to transfer the number of messages sent and received. The billing of Orange in France and KPN in the Netherlands is total different. Even with an option on roaming the billing of network, access on roaming will be difficult. Nevertheless, roaming between private LoRaWAN and public LoRaWAN would be a nice feature to save subscription costs.
Digimondo promised us a nationwide German LoRaWAN. They retracted their promise. Another German company is talking about doing the same but doesn't have public tariffs yet. In January 2018 Germany still has no nationwide public LoRaWAN.
The LoRaWAN in Switzerland covers a part of the region only. The GSM coverage is much bigger and Swisscom will launch NB-IoT and Cat-M in parallel with LoRaWAN.
On NB-IoT everything is more transparent. Our German radio agency, Bundesnetzargentur, pressures the cellular companies to make their base stations public in one public database.
Go to www.akorIoT.com. You can get a cell scanner for less than €150. Drive around for a few days and you'll have comprehensive maps of base station coverage.
In the case of Dresden, a German city, and the highway between Dresden and Chemnitz, we already captured data. The average size per cell in Dresden is 4.7 square kilometers. On 24.01.2018 Deutsche Telekom announced 600 German cities covered and told full coverage for end of 2018.
The data we tracked was generated with a high performance scanner and included the directions of the three sectors of each NB-IoT base stations. Telekom started with the roll out in Dresden not just for fun. They rolled out in regions with Huawei base stations first. The new Huawei base station only needs a software update.
But NB-IoT is a network in a network. The new traffic generated by NB-IoT will be stored on quite different servers. Telekom Germany and Austria promised full coverage by the end of 2018 on unbelievable low prices for the subsribtion.
According to Deutsche Telekom in Germany they have ordered 4000 Nokia base stations to replace their GSM base stations. These base stations will advance users on GPRS and EDGE to LTE.
You can be sure that these base stations will support NB-IoT as well. With NB-IoT available in 600 cities and 4000 base stations deployed by Nokia Telekom in Germany will run more NB-IoT gateways in Germany than Sigfox in France, Germany and the Netherlands altogether.
Remember that T-Mobile, a subsidiary of Telekom, already runs 4000 NB-IoT base stations in the Netherlands. The same number is possible in Austria. Estimation: 4,000 Nokia base stations in Germany + 25 BTS x 600 cities = 15,000 BTS in Germany + 4,000 in NL + 4,000 in Austria = 23,000 NB-IoT BTS on an area 25% smaller of France but fourteen times more BTS density. Inside of the Telekom group we will get roaming soon. Moreover, we will get national roaming between Telekom and Vodafone.
For indoor coverage you will need more base stations.
I hope that these few lines will motivate you to think about which LPWAN will best fit your application. If you still cannot reach conclusion based on this information and need some advice or consulting then do not hesitate to drop an email to harald.naumann (at) lte.modem.com I am working on my new IoT / M2M Cookbook related to LPWAN and I can offer you all the above mentioned LPWAN technologies. Thank you in advance for your comments at the blog or ping me an email.
SIGFOX live presentation during LPWAN congress in Frankfurt Germany.


The project was to breath life into this 1686 cottage that had been poorly repaired and extended.
This once beautiful property still retained some of its original charm and character was suffering badly from decay.
After stripping away all the cemantiscious repairs, taking the cottage back to its bare structure, substantial repairs and alterations were undertaken using traditional materials. Re-pointed in lime mortar and plastered inside with lime render under a lime wash and yellow ochre finish to provide a fully breathable wall structure with no chemical damp proofing in the original building and using modern construction methods (in lime) to build a new extension.
Modern bathrooms with under floor heating and piped music system, solid wood kitchen with granite work surface and the general use of reclaim materials throughout, this project was a challenge but also very rewarding.
"This property is a shining example. Mrs Bacon says you have to "Love imperfection" meaning the cottage is full of character with curves instead of straight lines but actually I think you will agree with me that living in this property is more about absolute perfection!"


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub