text:
INTS/WMGS/HIST 320: Global 1001 Nights (Antrim)
Materials from Professor Antrim's selected bibliography
Selected Articles and Book Chapters
Book Chapter Digitization
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Social Justice & Critical Pedagogy Research Librarian
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Trinity College Books & Table of Contents
The Thousand and One Nights: Sources and Transformations in Literature, Art, and Science by Akel, Ibrahim, & William Granara, (eds.)
Contact Professor Antrim with requests for specific chapters. See the Table of Contents below to identify chapters you would like to access.
Akel and Granara TOC
The Arabian Nights and Orientalism by Yuriko Yamanaka; Tetsuo Nishio; Robert Irwin (Introduction by) The Arabian Nights and Orientalism in Resonance was especially commissioned to celebrate the tercentenary of the first Western edition of The Arabian Nights. This volume marries Western and Japanese perspectives on The Arabian Nights to provide a fascinating study of how this literary phenomenon brought about a unique and rich cross-cultural fertilization. The volume is divided into three sections: the first part deals with narrative motifs and styles; the second part examines the 'Nights' from a comparative point of view and the third part unfolds the relationship between the written text and its pictorial representation. Extensively illustrated throughout, The Arabian Nights and Orientalism in Resonance will be of interest to scholars of the Middle East as well as anyone who has ever fallen under the spell of Scheherazade's stories.
Call Number: Course Reserves (Non-circulating. Contact library for digital request options.) PJ7737 .A72 2006
AN and Orientalism TOC.pdf
The Arabian Nights in Historical Context by Saree Makdisi (Editor); Felicity Nussbaum (Editor) Alf layla wa layla (known in English as A Thousand and One Nights or The Arabian Nights) changed the world on a scale unrivalled by any other literary text. Inspired by a fourteenth-century Syrian manuscript, the appearance of Antoine Galland's twelve-volume Mille et Une Nuits in Englishtranslation (1704-1717), closely followed by the Grub Street English edition, drew the text into European circulation. Over the following three hundred years, a widely heterogeneous series of editions, compilations, translations, and variations circled the globe to reveal the absorption of TheArabian Nights into English, Continental, and global literatures, and its transformative return to modern Arabic literature, where it now enjoys a degree of prominence that it had never attained during the classical period. Beginning with a thorough introduction situating The Arabian Nights in itshistorical and cultural contexts-and offering a fresh examination of the text's multiple locations in the long history of modern Orientalism--this collection of essays by noted scholars from 'East', 'West', and in-between reassesses the influence of the Nights in Enlightenment and Romanticliterature, as well as the text's vigorous afterlife in the contemporary Arabic novel. Also available at Wesleyan.
Call Number: Main Collection PN751 .A63 2008
AN in Historical Context TOC.pdf
The Arabian Nights in Transnational Perspective by Ulrich Marzolph In a 2004 meeting marking the Arabian Nights' tercentennial at the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel, Germany, nineteen international scholars presented their work on the transnational aspects of the Arabian Nights. This volume collects their papers, whose topics range from the history of the Arabian Nights manuscripts, to positioning the Nights in modern and postmodern discourse, to the international reception of the Nights in written and oral tradition. Essays are arranged in five sections. The first section contains essays on Galland's translation and its "continuation" by Jacques Cazotte. The second section treats specific characteristics of the Nights, including manuscript tradition, the transformations of a specific narrative pattern occurring in the Nights and other works of medieval Arabic literature, the topic of siblings in the Nights, and the political thought mirrored in the Nights. The essays in the third section deal with framing in relation to the classical Indian collection Panchatantra and as a general cultural technique, with particular attention to storytelling in the oral tradition of the Indian Ocean islands off the African coast. The two concluding and largest sections focus on various aspects of the transnational reception of the Nights. While the essays of the fourth section predominantly discuss written or learned tradition in Hawai'i, Swahili-speaking East Africa, Turkey, Iran, German cinema, and modern Arabic literature, the fifth section encompasses essays on the reception and role of the Nights in the oral tradition of areas as wide apart as Sicily, Greece, Afganistan, and Balochistan. A preface by Ulrich Marzolph unifies this volume. In view of the tremendous impact of the Arabian Nights on Western creative imagination, this collection will appeal to literary scholars of many backgrounds. Also available at Wesleyan.
Call Number: Main Collection PJ7737 .A733 2007
AN in Transnational Perspective TOC
The Arabian Nights Reader by Ulrich Marzolph The Arabian Nights commands a place in world literature unrivaled by any other fictional work of "Oriental" provenance. Bringing together Indian, Iranian, and Arabic tradition, this collection of tales became popular in the Western world during the eighteenth century and has since exerted a profound influence on theater, opera, music, painting, architecture, and literature. The Arabian Nights Reader offers an authoritative guide to the research inspired by this rich and intricate work. Through a selection of sixteen influential and currently relevant essays, culled from decades of scholarship, this volume encompasses the most salient research topics to date, from the Nights' early history to interpretations of such famous characters as Sheherazade. While serious research on the Nights began early in the nineteenth century, some of the most puzzling aspects of the collection's complex history and character were solved only quite recently. This volume's topics reflect the makings of a transnational narrative: evidence of a ninth-century version of the Nights, the work's circulation among booksellers in twelfth-century Cairo, the establishment of a "canonical" text, the sources used by the French translator who introduced the Nights to the West and the dating of this French translation, the influence of Greek literature on the Nights, the genre of romance, the relationship between narration and survival within the plots, reception of the Nights from the nineteenth century onward, interpretations of single stories from the collection, the universal nature of the sexual politics surrounding Sheherazade, and the repercussion of the Nights in modern Arabic literature. As this collection demonstrates, the Arabian Nights helped shape Western perceptions of the "Orient" as the quintessential "Other" while serving to inspire Western creativity. The research presented here not only deepens our insight into this great work but also heightens our awareness of the powerful communal forces of transnational narrative. Also available at Wesleyan.
Arabian Nights Reader TOC
Trinity College Books
Visions of the East by Matthew Bernstein (Editor); Gaylyn Studlar (Editor) The Sheik. Pépé le Moko. Casablanca. Aladdin. Some of the most popular and frequently discussed titles in movie history are imbued with orientalism, the politically-charged way in which western artists have represented gender, race, and ethnicity in the cultures of North Africa and Asia. This is the first anthology to address and highlight orientalism in film from pre-cinema fascinations with Egyptian culture through the "Whole New World" of Aladdin. Eleven illuminating and well-illustrated essays utilize the insights of interdisciplinary cultural studies, psychoanalysis, feminism, and genre criticism. Other films discussed includeThe Letter, Caesar and Cleopatra, Lawrence of Arabia, Indochine, and several films of France's cinéma colonial.
Call Number: Main Collection PN1995.9.E95 V57 1997
Liberating Shahrazad by Suzanne Gauch Shahrazad, the legendary fictional storyteller who spun the tales of the 1,001 Arabian Nights, has long been rendered as a silent exotic beauty by Western film and fiction adaptations. Now, she talks back to present a new image of Muslim women. In Liberating Shahrazad, Suzanne Gauch analyzes how postcolonial writers and filmmakers from Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia have reclaimed the storyteller in order to portray Muslim women in ways that highlight their power to shape their own destinies. Gauch looks at Maghrebian works that incorporate Shahrazad's storytelling techniques into unexpected and unforeseen narratives. Highlighting the fluid nature of storytelling, Gauch demonstrates how these new depictions of Shahrazad--from artists such as Moufida Tlatli, Fatima Mernissi, Tahar Ben Jelloun, Assia Djebar, Leïla Sebbar--navigate the demands of a global marketplace, even as they reshape the stories told about the Islamic world. In the face of both rising fundamentalism and proliferating Western media representations of Arab and Muslim women as silent, exploited, and uneducated victims, Gauch establishes how contemporary works of literature and film revive the voice of a long-silenced Shahrazad--and, ultimately, overthrow oppressive images of Muslim women. Suzanne Gauch is assistant professor of English and women's studies at Temple University. Also available at Wesleyan and Connecticut College.
Call Number: Main Collection PJ7519.W66 G384 2007
The Arabian Nights by Husain Haddawy (Translator); Daniel Heller-Roazen (Editor); Daniel Heller-roazen; Muhsin Mahdi Few works of literature are as familiar and beloved as The Arabian Nights. Yet few remain also as unknown. In English, The Arabian Nights is a literary work of relatively recent date--the first versions of the tales appeared in English barely two hundred years ago. The tales are accompanied by a preface, a note on the text, and explanatory annotations."Contexts" presents three of the oldest witnesses to The Arabian Nights in the Arabic tradition, together in English for the first time: an anonymous ninth-century fragment, Al Mas'udi's Muruj al-Dhahab, and Ibn al-Nadim's The Fihrist. Also included are three related works by the nineteenth- and twentieth-century writers Edgar Allan Poe, Marcel Proust, and Taha Husayn."Criticism" collects eleven wide-ranging essays on The Arabian Nights' central themes by Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Josef Horovitz, Jorge Luis Borges, Francesco Gabrieli, Mia Irene Gerhardt, Tzvetan Todorov, Andras Hamori, Heinz Grotzfield, Jerome W. Clinton, Abdelfattah Kilito, and David Pinault.A Chronology of The Arabian Nights and a Selected Bibliography are also included.[ Also available at Wesleyan and Connecticut College.]
Call Number: Main Collection PJ7715 .M87 2010
The Thousand and One Nights in Arabic Literature and Society by Richard C. Hovannisian; Georges Sabagh The Thousand and One Nights has captivated audiences for centuries, conveying universal messages through the adventures of historical and non-historical figures. Yet, since medieval times, it has not been considered worthy of serious literary debate, and has been marginalised in the tradition of high Arabic literature. André Miquel, the recipient of the twelfth Levi Della Vida award, has successfully defied this taboo, and in a brilliant combination of medieval and modern studies has emphasised the continuity, rather than the compartmentalisation, of Arabo-Islamic culture. In this volume, André Miquel's theme-setting essay is followed by contributions from Jamel Eddine Bencheikh, Roy P. Mottahedeh, Fedwa Malti-Douglas, Seeger Bonebakker, Muhsin Mahdi, and Stanislav Segert, who examine the literary and societal components of The Thousand and One Nights. Also available at Wesleyan.
Call Number: Main Collection PJ7737 .T48 1997
Visions of the Jinn by Robert Irwin In this richly-illustrated book, illustrations of various Western editions of The Arabian Nights from the eighteenth to the twentieth century are presented and analysed. Visions of the Jinn is simultaneously a closely-focused study of a special case in the history of book illustration, anaccount of the evolution of an important strand of visual fantasy and a presentation of a hitherto neglected area of Orientalism. Some of the artists - Dulac, Dore, Brangwyn - are famous. Many others, such as Coster or Letchford, are almost totally unknown. In the course of the book, thediscussion also reveals much about the visual discovery of the Near East in modern times. This volume will make an important contribution both to the history of book illustration and, more generally, to the history of the book. His analyses of the individual illustrators, mainly English but alsoFrench and German can be regarded as a contribution to art history.
Call Number: Main Collection QUARTO NC978 .I79 2010
The Arabian Nights by Robert Irwin The Arabian Nights: A Companion guides the reader into this celebrated labyrinth of storytelling. It traces the development of the stories from prehistoric India and Pharaonic Egypt to modern times. It explores the history of the translation, and explains the ways in which its contents have been added to, plagiarized and imitated. Above all, the book uses the stories as a guide to the social history and the counterculture of the medieval Near East and the world of the storyteller, the snake charmer, the burglar, the sorcerer, the drug addict, the treasure hunter and the adulterer. Also available at Wesleyan and Connecticut College.
Call Number: Main Collection PJ7737 .I79 1994
Europe's Myths of Orient by Rana Kabbani
Call Number: Main Collection DS33.4.E85 K32 1986
The Arabian Nights Encyclopedia by Ulrich Marzolph; Richard Van Leeuwen The most comprehensive treatment of the Arabian Nights ever published, with more than 800 detailed encyclopedic entries and a wealth of authoritative essays and resources. The tales of the Arabian Nights have long been the focus of scholarly research and critique, but no English language work has ever attempted an all-embracing treatment of them. The fruit of years of research, The Arabian Nights Encyclopedia is the first comprehensive reference work introducing both the Arabian Nights and the context of their genesis and aftermath in Near Eastern, European, and world culture. Editors Ulrich Marzolph, one of the world's foremost scholars of Near Eastern narrative culture, and Richard van Leeuwen, a prominent scholar of the Arabian Nights, present detailed, authoritative, and up-to-date research on virtually all aspects of the tales, including major protagonists, themes, important translations, textual history, adaptations, reworkings, works inspired by the Arabian Nights, and aspects of literary theory, and provide extensive bibliographies for each tale. In addition to the 800+ encyclopedic entries and numerous essays, the work introduces research that has not previously been published, making it an invaluable resource to scholars, educators, students, and the general public, as well as an essential addition to the core collection of academic and public libraries. Includes 800+ encyclopedic entries covering all aspects of the Arabian Nights Begins with a fascinating introduction and a variety of essays by renowned scholars, presenting areas of pivotal interest and concern Includes a concordance of tales in different editions and translations Provides an extensive bibliography, featuring reference works published in English and other languages
Call Number: Main Collection PJ7737 .A73 2004
Orientalism by Edward W. Said More than three decades after its first publication, Edward Said's groundbreaking critique of the West's historical, cultural, and political perceptions of the East has become a modern classic. In this wide-ranging, intellectually vigorous study, Said traces the origins of "orientalism" to the centuries-long period during which Europe dominated the Middle and Near East and, from its position of power, defined "the orient" simply as "other than" the occident. This entrenched view continues to dominate western ideas and, because it does not allow the East to represent itself, prevents true understanding. Essential, and still eye-opening, Orientalism remains one of the most important books written about our divided world. Also available at Wesleyan and Connecticut College.
Call Number: Main Collection DS12 .S24 1994
Sheherazade Through the Looking Glass by Eva Sallis The Thousand and One Nights was reborn into an alien environment in 1704, its signs being received in a radically different way from their original meanings. Works of literature change as people and cultures who read them change. This study explores the Nights with reference to this view of literature. Also available at Wesleyan.
Call Number: Main Collection PJ7737 .S35 1999
Reel Bad Arabs by Jack G. Shaheen Countless movies have portrayed Arabs as loathsome lechers who terrorise, murder, and finally die in droves. In Reel Bad Arabs film scholar Jack Shaheen exposes in fascinating detail this appalling side of the Hollywood 'dream' machine. Also available at Wesleyan and Connecticut College.
Call Number: Main Collection PN1995.9.A68 S54 2001
Stranger Magic by Marina Warner Our foremost theorist of myth, fairytales, and folktales explores the magical realm of the imagination where carpets fly, objects speak, dreams reveal hidden truths, and genies grant prophetic wishes. Stranger Magic examines the wondrous tales of the Arabian Nights, their profound impact on the West, and the progressive exoticization of magic since the eighteenth century, when the first European translations appeared. The Nights seized European readers' imaginations during the siècle des Lumières, inspiring imitations, spoofs, turqueries, extravaganzas, pantomimes, and mauresque tastes in dress and furniture. Writers from Voltaire to Goethe to Borges, filmmakers from Raoul Walsh on, and countless authors of children's books have adapted its stories. What gives these tales their enduring power to bring pleasure to readers and audiences? Their appeal, Marina Warner suggests, lies in how the stories' magic stimulates the creative activity of the imagination. Their popularity during the Enlightenment was no accident: dreams, projections, and fantasies are essential to making the leap beyond the frontiers of accepted knowledge into new scientific and literary spheres. The magical tradition, so long disavowed by Western rationality, underlies modernity's most characteristic developments, including the charmed states of brand-name luxury goods, paper money, and psychoanalytic dream interpretation. In Warner's hands, the Nights reveal the underappreciated cultural exchanges between East and West, Islam and Christianity, and cast light on the magical underpinnings of contemporary experience, where mythical principles, as distinct from religious belief, enjoy growing acceptance. These tales meet the need for enchantment, in the safe guise of oriental costume.
Call Number: Main Collection PJ7737 .W37 2011
Wesleyan or Connecticut College
Hollywood in the Holy Land by Nickolas Haydock (Editor); E. L. Risden (Editor) This collection of essays analyzes film representations of the Crusades, other medieval East/West encounters, and the modern inheritance of encounters between orientalist fantasy and apocalyptic conspiracy. From studies of the filmic representations of popular figures such as El Cid, Roland, Richard I, and Saladin to examinations of such topics as Templar romance and the role of set design, location and landscape, the essays make significant contributions to our understanding of orientalist medievalism in film. Instructors considering this book for use in a course may request an examination copy here.
Call Number: WU - tacks PN1995.9.M52 H65 2009
New Perspectives on Arabian Nights by OUYANG/VAN GELDER Adopting a multi-disciplinary approach, this comparative study of a selection of The Arabian Nights stories in a cross-cultural context, brings together a number of disciplines and subject areas to examine the workings of narrative. It predominantly focuses on the ways in which the Arabian Nights have transformed as its stories have travelled across historical eras, cultures, genres and media. Departing from the familiar approaches of influence and textual studies, this book locates its central inquiry in the theoretical questions surrounding the workings of ideology, genre and genre ideology in shaping and transforming stories. The ten essays included in this volume respond to a general question, 'what can the transformation of Nights stories in their travels tell us about narrative and storytelling, and their function in a particular culture?' Following a Nights story in its travels from past to present, from Middle East to Europe and from literature to film, the book engages in close comparative analyses of ideological variations found in a variety of texts. These analyses allow new modes of reading texts and make it possible to breach new horizons for thinking about narrative. This Book was previously published as a special issue of Middle Eastern Literatures entitled Ideological Variations and Narrative Horizons: New Perspectives on Arabian Nights.
Call Number: WU - Stacks PJ7737 .N49 2005
The Annotated Arabian Nights by Paulo Lemos Horta (Editor); Yasmine Seale (Translator) A cornerstone of world literature and a monument to the power of storytelling, the Arabian Nights has inspired countless authors, from Charles Dickens and Edgar Allan Poe to Naguib Mahfouz, Clarice Lispector, and Angela Carter. Now, in this lavishly designed and illustrated edition of The Annotated Arabian Nights, the acclaimed literary historian Paulo Lemos Horta and the brilliant poet and translator Yasmine Seale present a splendid new selection of tales from the Nights, featuring treasured original stories as well as later additions including "Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp" and "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves," and definitively bringing the Nights out of Victorian antiquarianism and into the twenty-first century. For centuries, readers have been haunted by the homicidal King Shahriyar, thrilled by gripping tales of Sinbad's seafaring adventures, and held utterly, exquisitely captive by Shahrazad's stories of passionate romances and otherworldly escapades. Yet for too long, the English-speaking world has relied on dated translations by Richard Burton, Edward Lane, and other nineteenth-century adventurers. Seale's distinctly contemporary and lyrical translations break decisively with this masculine dynasty, finally stripping away the deliberate exoticism of Orientalist renderings while reclaiming the vitality and delight of the stories, as she works with equal skill in both Arabic and French. Included within are famous tales, from "The Story of Sinbad the Sailor" to "The Story of the Fisherman and the Jinni," as well as lesser-known stories such as "The Story of Dalila the Crafty," in which the cunning heroine takes readers into the everyday life of merchants and shopkeepers in a crowded metropolis, and "The Story of the Merchant and the Jinni," an example of a ransom frame tale in which stories are exchanged to save a life. Grounded in the latest scholarship, The Annotated Arabian Nights also incorporates the Hanna Diyab stories, for centuries seen as French forgeries but now acknowledged, largely as a result of Horta's pathbreaking research, as being firmly rooted in the Arabic narrative tradition. Horta not only takes us into the astonishing twists and turns of the stories' evolution. He also offers comprehensive notes on just about everything readers need to know to appreciate the tales in context, and guides us through the origins of ghouls, jinn, and other supernatural elements that have always drawn in and delighted readers. Beautifully illustrated throughout with art from Europe and the Arab and Persian world, the latter often ignored in English-language editions, The Annotated Arabian Nights expands the visual dimensions of the stories, revealing how the Nights have always been--and still are--in dialogue with fine artists. With a poignant autobiographical foreword from best-selling novelist Omar El Akkad and an illuminating afterword on the Middle Eastern roots of Hanna Diyab's tales from noted scholar Robert Irwin, Horta and Seale have created a stunning edition of the Arabian Nights that will enchant and inform both devoted and novice readers alike.
Middle Eastern Literatures, Volume 7, Issue 2 (2004)
The articles in this special issue of Middle Eastern Literatures is virtually identical to the edited volume New Perspectives on Arabian Nights.
The Islamic Context of the Thousand and One Nights by Muhsin Al-musawi
Visions of the East by Matthew Bernstein (Editor); Gaylyn Studlar (Editor) Note: You will need to set up a free account through the Internet Archive before you can borrow materials. The book is renewable every hour, pending availability.
Call Number: Internet Archive
Arabian Nights in English Literature by Peter Caracciolo; Christine Hassenstab
Islam, Arabs, and the Intelligent World of the Jinn by Amira El-Zein According to the Qur'an, God created two parallel species, man and the jinn, the former from clay and the latter from fire. Beliefs regarding the jinn are deeply integrated into Muslim culture and religion, and have a constant presence in legends, myths, poetry, and literature. In Islam, Arabs, and the Intelligent World of the Jinn, Amira El-Zein explores the integral role these mythological figures play, revealing that the concept of jinn is fundamental to understanding Muslim culture and tradition. Examining closely a wide range of sources, from the fields of law, theology, and folklore, El-Zein clearly places the status of the jinn in the metaphysical and cosmological economy of Islam. The author also illuminates the Islamic concept of the jinn by comparing it to other similar concepts in different religions and mythologies. She probes the complex relationships between the jinn and humans, as well as the jinn and animals, providing critical insights into the function of the jinn in the process of poetic and cultural creation. The author's access to Arabic sources and her ability to contextualize them make this a compelling and thorough account, enriching our knowledge of Islamic religion and tradition.
Hollywood in the Holy Land by Nickolas Haydock (Editor); E. L. Risden (Editor) Note: You will need to set up a free account through the Internet Archive before you can borrow materials. The book is renewable every hour, pending availability.
Marvellous Thieves by Paulo Lemos Horta Ranging from the coffeehouses of Aleppo to the salons of Paris, from Calcutta to London, Paulo Lemos Horta introduces the poets and scholars, pilgrims and charlatans who made largely unacknowledged contributions to Arabian Nights. Each version betrays the distinctive cultural milieu in which it was produced.
Europe's Myths of Orient by Rana Kabbani Note: You will need to set up a free account through the Internet Archive before you can borrow materials. The book is renewable every hour, pending availability.
Scheherazade's Children by Philip F. Kennedy (Editor); Marina Warner (Editor) Scheherazade's Children gathers together leading scholars to explore the reverberations of the tales of the Arabian Nights across a startlingly wide and transnational range of cultural endeavors. The contributors, drawn from a wide array of disciplines, extend their inquiries into the book's metamorphoses on stage and screen as well as in literature--from India to Japan, from Sanskrit mythology to British pantomime, from Baroque opera to puppet shows. Their highly original research illuminates little-known manifestations of the Nights, and provides unexpected contexts for understanding the book's complex history. Polemical issues are thereby given unprecedented and enlightening interpretations. Organized under the rubrics of Translating, Engaging, and Staging, these essays view the Nights corpus as a uniquely accretive cultural bundle that absorbs the works upon which it has exerted influence. In this view, the Arabian Nights is a dynamic, living and breathing cross-cultural phenomenon that has left its mark on fields as disparate as the European novel and early Indian cinema. While scholarly, the writers' approach is also lively and entertaining, and the book is richly illustrated with unusual materials to deliver a sparkling and highly original exploration of the Arabian Nights' radiating influence on world literature, performance, and culture.
The Arabian Nights Encyclopedia by Ulrich Marzolph; Richard Van Leeuwen Note: You will need to set up a free account through the Internet Archive before you can borrow materials. The book is renewable every hour, pending availability.
Epic Encounters by Melani McAlister Epic Encounters examines how popular culture has shaped the ways Americans define their "interests" in the Middle East. In this innovative book--now brought up-to-date to include 9/11 and the Iraq war--Melani McAlister argues that U.S. foreign policy, while grounded in material and military realities, is also developed in a cultural context. American understandings of the region are framed by narratives that draw on religious belief, news media accounts, and popular culture. This remarkable and pathbreaking book skillfully weaves lively and accessible readings of film, media, and music with a rigorous analysis of U.S. foreign policy, race politics, and religious history. The new chapter, titled "9/11 and After: Snapshots on the Road to Empire," considers and brilliantly analyzes five images that have become iconic: (1) New York City firemen raising the American flag out of the rubble of the World Trade Center, (2) the televised image of Osama bin-Laden, (3) Afghani women in burqas, (4) the statue of Saddam Hussein being toppled in Baghdad, and (5) the hooded and wired prisoner in Abu Ghraib. McAlister's singular achievement is to illuminate the contexts of these five images both at the time they were taken and as they relate to current events, an accomplishment all the more remarkable since--to paraphrase her new preface--we are today struggling to look backward at something that is still rushing ahead.
How the Arabian Nights Inspired the American Dream, 1790-1935 by Susan Nance Americans have always shown a fascination with the people, customs, and legends of the "East--witness the popularity of the stories of the Arabian Nights, the performances of Arab belly dancers and acrobats, the feats of turban-wearing vaudeville magicians, and even the antics of fez-topped Shriners. In this captivating volume, Susan Nance provides a social and cultural history of this highly popular genre of Easternized performance in America up to the Great Depression. According to Nance, these traditions reveal how a broad spectrum of Americans, including recent immigrants and impersonators, behaved as producers and consumers in a rapidly developing capitalist economy. In admiration of the Arabian Nights, people creatively reenacted Eastern life, but these performances were also demonstrations of Americans' own identities, Nance argues. The story of Aladdin, made suddenly rich by rubbing an old lamp, stood as a particularly apt metaphor for how consumer capitalism might benefit each person. The leisure, abundance, and contentment that many imagined were typical of Eastern life were the same characteristics used to define "the American dream." The recent success of Disney's Aladdin movies suggests that many Americans still welcome an interpretation of the East as a site of incredible riches, romance, and happy endings. This abundantly illustrated account is the first by a historian to explain why and how so many Americans sought out such cultural engagement with the Eastern world long before geopolitical concerns became paramount.
Orientalism by Edward W. Said Note: You will need to set up a free account through the Internet Archive before you can borrow materials.
Reel Bad Arabs by Jack G. Shaheen Note: You will need to set up a free account through the Internet Archive before you can borrow materials. The book is renewable every hour, pending availability.
The Arabian Nights in Contemporary World Cultures by Muhsin J. al-Musawi The stories in the Thousand and One Nights, or the Arabian Nights, are familiar to many of us: from the tales of Aladdin, Sinbad the Sailor, Ali Baba and his forty thieves, to the framing story of Scheherazade telling these stories to her homicidal husband, Shahrayar. This book offers a rich and wide-ranging analysis of the power of this collection of tales that penetrates so many cultures and appeals to such a variety of predilections and tastes. It also explores areas that were left untouched, like the decolonization of the Arabian Nights, and its archaeologies. Unique in its excavation into inroads of perception and reception, Muhsin J. al-Musawi's book unearths means of connection with common publics and learned societies. Al-Musawi shows, as never before, how the Arabian Nights has been translated, appropriated, and authenticated or abused over time, and how its reach is so expansive as to draw the attention of poets, painters, illustrators, translators, editors, musicians, political scientists like Leo Strauss, and novelists like Michel Butor, James Joyce and Marcel Proust amongst others. Making use of documentaries, films, paintings, novels and novellas, poetry, digital forums and political jargon, this book offers nuanced understanding of the perennial charm and power of this collection.
The Thousand and One Nights and Orientalism in the Dutch Republic, 1700-1800 by Richard van Leeuwen; Arnoud Vrolijk This book explores the reception of the 1001 Nights in eighteenth-century Dutch literature and scholarship, and the bibliographic history of its French-language editions and Dutch retranslations.
Bacchilega, Christina. "Resituating the Arabian Nights: Challenges and Promises of Translation." book chapter 4 of Fairy Tales Tranformed? Twenty-First Century Adaptations and the Politics of Wonder. 143-188.
Colligan, Colette. "'Esoteric Pornography': Sir Richard Burton's Arabian Nights and the Origins of Pornography." Victorian Review 28, 3 (2002): 31-64.
Enderwitz, Susanne. "Shahrazâd Is One of Us: Practical Narrative, Theoretical Discussion, and Feminist Discourse." Marvels & Tales: Journal of Fairy-Tale Studies 18, 2 (2004): 187-204.
Fishburn, Evelyn. "Traces of the Thousand and One Nights in Borges." Middle Eastern Literatures 7, 2 (2004): 213-222.
Irwin, Robert. "A Thousand and One Nights at the Movies," Middle Eastern Literatures 7, 2 (2004): 223-233.
Ouyang, Wen-chin. "Metamorphoses of Scheherazade in Literature and Film." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 66, 3 (2003): 402-418.
________. "Whose Story Is It? Sindbad the Sailor in Literature and Film." Middle Eastern Literatures 7, 2 (2004): 133-147.
Marzolph, Ulrich. "Aladdin Almighty: Middle Eastern Magic in the Service of Western Consumer Culture." Journal of American Folklore 132, 525 (2019): 275-290.
Rastegar, Kamran. "The Changing Value of Alf Laylah wa Laylah for Nineteenth-Century Arabic, Persian, and English Readership." Journal of Arabic Literature 36, 3 (2005): 269-287.
Shaheen, Jack G "Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People." The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 588 (July 2003): 171-193.
For additional film sources, see the bibliography that accompanies "1001 Nights at the Movies," Episode 424 of the Ottoman History Podcast at https://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2019/08/1001-nights.html
See also the Arabian Nights Bibliography at http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~umarzol/arabiannights.html
URL: https://courseguides.trincoll.edu/INTS/HIST_320
Subjects: History, International Studies


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Recognize trends in the current landscape of pathway programs;
Identify key considerations for working with pathway programs;
Develop strategies to maintain admission and academic standards and practices.
The content will be relevant to those working in international student services; recruitment and admissions; intensive English programs; campus internationalization; and international education leadership.
Mihaela N. Metianu, PhD
Mihaela N. Metianu is the director of international student and scholar services at Florida Atlantic University (FAU) and has more than 16 years of experience in the field of international education. Over the past 2 years, she has played an integral role in the onboarding of the Navitas at FAU pathway program for undergraduate and graduate entry to the university. Metianu is a member of NAFSA's International Student and Scholar Regulatory Practice Committee as the chair of the International Student Subcommittee.
Rahul Choudaha, PhD
DrEducation, LLC
Rahul Choudaha is the principal researcher and CEO of DrEducation, LLC, a global higher education research and consulting firm. Choudaha is a contributor to Forbes, Huffington Post, and University World News, and has presented more than 100 sessions at professional conferences. He was also the principal investigator NAFSA's research report on improving international student experiences. As an adjunct, he has taught graduate courses at New York University and Baruch College. Choudaha holds a doctorate in higher education from the University of Denver. He earned a master's degree in management and a bachelor's degree in engineering in India.
Shannon Paul
Shannon Paul is director of international admissions at Adelphi University. She started at Adelphi in 2005 as an assistant director of admissions, recruiting throughout Long Island, the northeast United States, and California. She became involved with international recruitment in 2007, and is now responsible for all aspects of the international admissions and recruitment plan. Paul did her undergraduate studies at Adelphi University and St. Joseph's College, where she earned her BA degree. Adelphi University will be launching a program with Shorelight Education in Fall 2016.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home » Directory » St John Ambulance Historical Society (Vic)
St John Ambulance Historical Society (Vic)
PO Box 514 Williamstown VIC 3016 Australia
14 Anzac Crescent Williamstown Victoria 3016 AU
museum@stjohnvic.com.au
Dr Allan Mawdsley
26 Champion Road, Newport VIC, Australia 0.55 km
St John Museum
Corner of The Esplanade & Garden St Williamstown, Vic 3016 1.05 km
https://www.stjohnvic.com.au/st-john-museum.asp
Discover the rich history of St John Ambulance in Victoria from the perspective of the many gener...
Allan Mawdsley KStJ, Museum Secretary
Established in 1956, the Williamstown Historical Society was established to highlight the diverse...
The Cinema and Theatre Historical Society of Australia Inc. was formed in Melbourne, Australia in...
Steiglitz Historical Society
PO Box 187 Yarraville Vic 3013 Australia 4.59 km
back2steiglitz@hotmail.com
128 Queen Street, Altona VIC 4.97 km
296 Nicholson Street, Footscray, Victoria 3011 5.8 km
The Polish Museum and Archives in Australia was established in 1991 as an initiative of a number ...
Port Melbourne Historical and Preservation Society
Port Melbourne Town Hall, 333 Bay Street, Port Melbourne Vic. 3207 5.94 km
pmhps@pmhps.org.au
www.pmhps.org.au
Formed in 1993 to preserve the identity of this historic port town in the face of amalgamation. ...
Emma Teasdale, Secretary
66 Napier Street, Footscray VIC 3011, Australia 6.49 km
The Footscray Historical Society Inc was formed at a public meeting in 1968. The Society actively...
Middle Park VIC 3206, Australia 6.93 km
Our aims: Promote awareness and the preservation of Middle Park history. Involve and encourage t...
The Kastellorizian Association of Victoria was established in 1925 to give assistance to the fled...
The History Council of Victoria Incorporated (HCV) is the peak body for history in the Australian...
The Hotham History Project is a community group with an interest in the history of North and West...
The 'Friends of La Trobe's Cottage' was formed in 2009 under the umbrella of the C J La Trobe Soc...
Flinders Street & Swanston Street, Melbourne VIC, Australia 8.7 km
The C J La Trobe Society Inc. was formed in 2001 to promote understanding and appreciation of the...


text:
Pradinis puslapis K A-Kube
A-Kube
Bliuzo žmonės	- K
R&B / Neo-soul / Soul
Ausura Akhi Amen was born in Mobile, Al. He has lived life soulfully, trying to maintain some balance in life... He began singing like many African Americans, in his local church. " I've sang at the one and only Central , Headquartered, Church of the All Living, Fellowship, Macedonia, Salvation, Greater , 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Baptist, AME, CME, Zion Church. I sang at'em all. Like a lot of singers back in the day, if you where not singing in the church, the street lights and the church was their showcase. But after many years at making a so-call living and almost loosing his life, he began a journey in music to help heal those traumas. He started on a trek of becoming a singer and songwriter on April 2002. Because of the music taste of his much older siblings A-kube's influences included the classic soul singers like Jackie Wilson, Sam Cook, and Otis Redding. And growing up he remembers how he gravitated towards singers like Marvin Gaye, Gil Scott Heron, and Curtis Mayfield. The music of A-Kube is truly world music. Un-kid-ifide His music flavor may include a vocal drawl, that some may relate to as soulful and mellow. With that southern afro-drawl and his expressions he gives R&B somewhat of a different twang. He breaks down and does something soulful like Otis Redding used to do. And just when you think you got this dude figured out, he comes to you like the Nigerian Fela Kuti. , Fela who?...
Good luck world here comes A-Kube.
http://www.myspace.com/therealakube
http://www.a-kube.com/
< Ankstesn
Sekantis >
Mississippi Heat - Chicago Blu
Mississippi Heat is an American Blues band. The group was formed in 1...
Mississippi Sheiks
Mississippi SheiksThe Mississippi Sheiks were a popular and influenti...
Ronnie Baker Brooks - Chicago
Ronnie Baker Brooks In the Olympic tradition, when the torch gets pa...
Homesick James - Chicago Blues
Homesick James Homesick James (30 April 1910 - 13 December 2006) was a...
A-Kube R&B / Neo-soul / SoulAusura Akhi Amen was born in Mobile, Al. H...
Paul Butterfield - Chicago Blu
Paul ButterfieldPaul Butterfield (December 17, 1942 – May 4, 1987) wa...
Matt "Guitar" Murphy - Chicago
Matt "Guitar" Murphy Matt "Guitar" Murphy (born 29 December 1927) is a...
Jimmy Dawkins - Chicago Blues
Jimmy Dawkins James Henry "Jimmy" Dawkins (born October 24, 1936, Tch...
Kansas Joe McCoy - Chicago Blu
Kansas Joe McCoy Kansas Joe McCoy (May 11, 1905 – January 28, 1950) w...
Mississippi Heat - Chicago Blues
Ronnie Baker Brooks - Chicago Blues
Paul Butterfield - Chicago Blues
Matt "Guitar" Murphy - Chicago Blues
Kansas Joe McCoy - Chicago Blues


text:
Q: How to plot all points that are defined by $(4\kappa+2(\lambda \mod 2), 2\lambda\sqrt 3)$ in Wolfram Alpha? How to plot all points that are defined by $(4\kappa+2(\lambda\mod2),  \ 2\lambda\sqrt 3)$ for some $\kappa$ and $\lambda$ that are integers in Wolfram Alpha?
I just want to know what this set of points looks like (I need it to understand a research paper).
Thank you.

A: I would not use Wolfram|Alpha. Use a Wolfram Cloud Sandbox command similar to

ListPlot[Table[{4 k + 2 Mod[n,2], 2 n Sqrt[3]}, {k,-3,3}, {n,-4,4}]]
The points form a Hexagonal lattice in the plane which determines a tiling by equilateral triangles.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Aussies in MASON opened up the evening and took on the stage about an hour later than announced. If the delay was due to the show, I don't know. But it really didn't build on the spirit to stand with a dozen other metalheads in the foyer of the venue with absolutely nothing to do. I was thinking of leaving when the doors finally opened and then it went fast, still it felt like the bands had to do really well to turn around the evening. To my surprise, MASON was a true pleasure to watch; they had a very good spirit in their performance balancing between fun and musical perfection. The guitar duels, or twin lead/harmonies between Jimmy Benson and Grant Burns was absolutely solid and they had a whole bunch of really nice songs. It would of course have been beneficial to study their material prior to the show but there wasn't time enough for that. Still, if I walk out of a show with a band I had hardly heard of before the show thinking I need to pick up their records, that's a really good grade.
By the time MASON hit the stage, the crowd had tripled at least - still it was a very sparsely crowded venue and since it was close to ANNIHILATOR's gig time when MASON took off, it wasn't looking too good for the night. The majority of MASON's set was from their full length "Warhead" released in 2013, the ones that struck the hardest from it was "Wretched Soul" and "Product Of Hate", two mighty fine Thrash Metal songs. MASON are listed as Thrash/Groove on a few online places, something considered as modern which isn't really my favorite style, so I was pleasantly surprised that most of all coming out from stage that night sounded very classic. It was more the technical riffs and melodies that made it lean towards more contemporary bands.
It seems MASON have new music on the way, because "Burn" was introduced as a new one and it sounded alright too. So, MASON was definitely a good start of the night and they managed to lift my spirits, and the thoughts of leaving were completely gone not even halfway through their set.
I'd heard some really good things about ANNIHILATOR's show in Gothenburg the night before. That it was a killer show despite the fact that Jeff Waters was ill and had troubles carrying the vocals on occasion. And also that it took a while before he came around and had a good time. Still a bit of a struggle with his voice in Stockholm but he was in a superb mood right from the start joking with the crowd. After the opening track "Suicide Society" he had to take a bit of a break and excused himself because of his voice. The cool thing was that he interacted with the crowd in a way this gig became very intimate. By this time people had managed to get to Klubben and even if it wasn't packed at least most of the floor was filled. He asked help from the audience to sing "King Of The Kill", especially the extremely high-pitched bridge which went so and so... It's a hard part to sing even if you're completely healthy. I love that part but without the vocals on it, it became clear how damn clean and precise the band is, how crisp the sound is and how damn tight it all is. The sound at Klubben normally is ok but the balance between clean and distorted guitars was amazing, far better than normal.
After another round from the new "Suicide Society" and "King Of The Kill" in songs as "Creepin' Again" and "Annihilator" followed by "No Way Out" from previous LP "Feast" it was time for some classics.
It wasn't much change in response from the crowd though, just a few responded a little extra for "Set The World On Fire" and fantastic "Stonewall". I should have been around here he started to talk about when they toured Sweden for the first time, it was back in 1991 opening for JUDAS PRIEST. PANTERA were also on that tour and apparently Jeff had done some silly comments about their appearance saying something like you can't play Metal looking like that... Everyone knows where PANTERA went and that was the last time Jeff said anything about another band in an interview.
And the show continued in the same vein, it was fun to be there and the setlist was amazing, a very good mix of new and old material. That Jeff didn't deliver perfectly with his voice didn't matter, the rest was perfect. The band he has with him now is awesome, with Aaron Homma on guitars, Rich Hinks on bass and drummer Fabio Alessandrini. And to force the crowd to participate, provoke a bit even worked really well. Jeff asked the crowd to sing those crazy screams in "Alison Hell" (he actually messed up the intro in the song and restarted it all after a few phrases, giving the crowd a good laugh at the same time), stating that normally, out of the 12 Alison Hell screams the crowds normally do the first 4, then there are a few doing no 5 & 6 before all stops. He challenged Klubben to stick to it to the end. Which worked, ok some dropped off after the first 4 but it turned out really good.
Fantastic "Second To None" was a true pleasure to hear live. I realized it was ages ago I last saw ANNIHILATOR play. How did that happen? Just before and around the "Metal" album they were here constantly but after that I've hardly seen them at all. Which was a contributing factor I enjoyed this show so much.
Then the ending with "Phantasmagoria", "W.T.Y.D." and "Human Insecticide", how can that fail? The set was almost 90 minutes, including a fake leave-the-stage-scream-the-band-in-for-encores thing, but it still felt very short. I could easily have gone another hour. So I guess it was a good thing I stuck around even if it was damn boring to wait. It turned out to be a fantastic night, a fantastic show by ANNIHILATOR and definitely a mood-booster.


text:
\section{Introduction}

In the last few decades, a wealth of cosmological data (from large scale structure \citep[][2dF]{Peacock:2005}; the cosmic microwave background \citep[][WMAP5]{Komatsu:2009}; supernovae (\citealt[][SNLS]{Astier:2006}; \citealt[][ESSENCE]{Miknaitis:2007}; \citealt{Kowalski:2008a}); weak lensing \citep{Schrabback:2009}) has revolutionised our vision of the Universe.  In this concordance cosmology, initial quantum fluctuations are believed to have seeded dark matter perturbations in which the Large Scale Structure we observe today has formed. Within this concordance model the Universe is composed only of a small proportion of baryons (4\%), the rest being dark matter (25\%, which can be hot or cold) and dark energy.

One of the main challenges today is to understand the nature of the mysterious dark energy which causes cosmic acceleration and constitutes 75\% of the Universe's energy density \citep{DETF, Peacock:2006}.  There exists a wealth of potential models for dark energy. To distinguish these models the determination of the dark energy equation of state $w$ has gained importance since some models can result in very different expansion histories. Current data can constrain the dark energy equation of state $w$ to 10\%, with the assumption of flatness, but a percentage level sensitivity as well as redshift evolution information are required in order to understand the nature of dark energy.  Future cosmic shear surveys show exceptional potential for constraining the dark energy equation of state $w(z)$  \citep{DETF, Peacock:2006} and have the advantage of directly tracing the dark matter distribution (see \citealt{Hoekstra:2008} for a review).

 In fact, cosmic shear surveys have the potential to constrain all sectors of our cosmological model.  As shear measurements depend on the initial seeds of structure, it can be used to probe the slope and running of the initial power spectrum \citep[see e.g.][]{Liu:2009} which is central to our understanding of the inflationary model \citep[see e.g.][]{Hamann:2007}. Shear measurements have also been used to complement neutrino constraints from particle physics  (\citealt{Tereno:2008}; \citealt*{Ichiki:2008}) and galaxy surveys \citep*{Takada:2006}, and future weak lensing surveys will provide bounds on the sum of the neutrino masses, the number of massive neutrinos and the hierachy (\citealt*{Hannestad:2006, Kit2008b}; \citealt{debernardisdraft2009}).

The parameters that describe each sector are degenerate in the cosmic shear power spectrum, which means fixing parameters in one sector may results in anomalies being detected in another.  We think all sectors should therefore be considered simultaneously. As each sector provides information about a different area of physics, we also argue they should also be considered on equal footing, i.e. have roughly the same number of parameters describing them, so that one sector is not favoured. Indeed, evidence for a departure from $\Lambda$CDM may come from any sector.

In section 2, we describe the cosmological parameter set we consider, which includes the three sectors of dark energy, initial conditions and neutrinos. We introduce a new parameter to include the second order running of the initial power spectrum. We also present the weak lensing tomography and the Fisher matrix forecast methods, and briefly discuss systematic effects.  In section 3, we present the weak lensing constraints we expect from future space based surveys with and without \textit{Planck} priors and investigate the stability of the results as new parameters are added to the analysis. In section 4, we optimise such a survey using the Figure of Merit as well as constraints on all sectors.  In section 5, we present our conclusions.

\section[]{Method}

\subsection{Cosmology}
\label{Cosmology}

We start by describing the 12-parameter cosmological model which includes dark energy, dark matter (hot and cold) and initial conditions sectors. Throughout this paper, we work within a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology. Our cosmological model contains baryonic matter, cold dark matter (CDM) and dark energy, to which we add massive neutrinos (i.e. hot dark matter -- HDM). We also consider different parametrizations of the primordial power spectrum (defined in section \ref{Power_spectrum}.

We allow for a non-flat geometry by including a dark energy density parameter $\Omega_\mr{DE}$ together with the total matter density $\Omega_m$, such that in general $\Omega_m+\Omega_\mr{DE}\neq 1$. The dynamical dark energy equation of state parameter, $w=p/\rho$, is expressed as function of redshift and is parametrized by  a first-order Taylor expansion in the scale factor $a$ \citep{ChevPol2001, Linder:2003}: \begin{equation} w(a)=w_n + (a_n -a)w_a,\end{equation} where $a=(1+z)^{-1}$. The pivot redshift corresponding to $a_n$ is the point at which $w_a$ and $w_n$ are uncorrelated.

Our most general parameter space consists of:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Total matter density -- $\Omega_m$ (which includes baryonic matter, HDM and CDM)
\item Baryonic matter density -- $\Omega_b$
\item Neutrinos (HDM) -- $m_\nu$ (total mass), $N_\nu$ (number of  massive neutrino species)
\item Dark energy parameters -- $\Omega_{\mathrm{DE}},\; w_0,\; w_a$
\item Hubble parameter -- $h$
\item Primordial power spectrum parameters -- $\sigma_8$ (amplitude), $n_s$ (scalar spectral index), $\alpha$ (running scalar spectral index), $\beta$ (defined in section \ref{Power_spectrum})
\end{enumerate}
We shall refer to this fiducial cosmology as `$\nu\mr{QCDM+\alpha+\beta}$'. We choose fiducial parameter values based on the five-year WMAP results \citep{WMAP5} similar to those used in \citet{Kit2008b}. The values are given in Table \ref{Cosmo_models}.

\setcounter{table}{0}
\begin{table*}
\caption{Cosmological parameter sets used in our calculations. For each parameter set, the ticks ($\checkmark$) and crosses ($\times$) indicate whether a parameter is allowed to vary or not, respectively.}
\label{Cosmo_models}
\begin{tabular}{lcccccccccccc}
Parameters & $w_0$	&$w_a$&$\Omega_\mr{DE}$&$\Omega_m$&$ \Omega_b$&$h$&$\sigma_8$&$n_s$&$\alpha$&$\beta$&$m_\nu$&$N_\nu$ \\ \hline
Fiducial values & $-0.95$&$0$&$0.7$&$0.3$&$ 0.045$&$0.7$&$0.8$&$1$&$0$\quad&$0$\quad&$0.66$&$3$\\ \hline
QCDM & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ \\
$\mr{QCDM}+\alpha$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ \\
$\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\times$ & $\times$ \\
$\nu$QCDM & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ \\
$\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\times$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ \\
$\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ & $\checkmark$ \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\subsection{Matter power spectrum}
\label{Power_spectrum}

The matter power spectrum is defined as:
\begin{equation}
 \langle \delta(\mathbf{k})\delta^\ast(\mathbf{k}')\rangle= {(2\pi)}^3\delta_D^3(\mathbf{k}-\mathbf{k}') P(k)
 \end{equation}
 and can be modelled by: \begin{equation} P(k,z)=\frac{2\pi^2}{k^3}A_sk^{n_s(k)+3}{T^2(k,z)}\left(\frac{D(z)}{D(0)}\right)^2,\end{equation} where $A_s$ is the normalisation parameter, $T(k,z)$ is the transfer function and $D(z)$ is the growth function. The primordial spectral index is denoted by $n_s(k)$, and can depend on the scale $k$.

In our cosmological model, the shape of the primordial power spectrum is of particular interest, since it may mimic some of the small-scale power damping effect of massive neutrinos. In the concordance model, the primordial power spectrum is generally parametrized by a power-law \citep[see e.g.][]{Kosowsky:1995, Bridle:2003} \begin{equation}\mathcal{P}_\chi(k)=A_s\left(\frac{k}{k_{s0}}\right)^{n_s-1}.\end{equation}  We parametrize the running of the spectral index by using a second-order Taylor expansion of $\mathcal{P}_\chi$ in log-log space, defining the running as $\alpha = \mr{d} n_s/\mr{d}\ln k |_{k_0}$, so that the primordial power spectrum is now scale-dependent, with the scalar spectral index defined by \citep{Spergel:2003, Hannestad:2002}
\begin{equation} n_s(k)=n_s(k_0)+\frac{1}{2}\frac{ \mr{d} n_s}{ \mr{d} \ln k}\bigg|_{k_0} \ln\left(\frac{k}{k_0}\right),\end{equation} where $k_0$ is the pivot scale.  We use a fiducial value of ${k_0=0.05 \mr{Mpc^{-1}}}$ for the primordial power spectrum pivot scale.

Although it is motivated by simplicity and standard slow-roll inflation theory, the second-order truncated Taylor expansion is limited and may lead to incorrect parameter estimation \citep*[see][]{Abazajian:2005, Leach:2003}. In order to test this, we allow an extra degree of freedom in the primordial power spectrum by adding a third-order term in the Taylor expansion, which we call $\beta:$
\begin{equation} n_s(k)=n_s(k_0)+\frac{1}{2!}\alpha\ln\left(\frac{k}{k_0}\right)+\frac{1}{3!}\beta \ln\left(\frac{k}{k_0}\right)^2,\end{equation} where $\beta=\mr{d}^2 n_s/\mr{d} \ln k^2 |_{k_0}$.

We use the \cite{EH97} analytical fitting formula for the time-dependent transfer function to calculate the linear power spectrum, which includes the contribution of baryonic matter, cold dark matter, dark energy and massive neutrinos, with the modification in the transfer function suggested by \citet*{Kiakotou:2008jk}. We use the \citet{Smithetal} correction to calculate the non-linear power spectrum. The matter power spectrum is normalised using $\sigma_8$, the root mean square amplitude of the density contrast inside an $8\,h^{-1}\mr{Mpc}$ sphere.

Following \citet{EH97}, we assume $N_\nu$, the number of massive (non-relativistic) neutrino species, to be a continuous variable, as opposed to an integer.

Neutrino oscillation experiments do not, at present, determine absolute neutrino mass scales, since they only measure the difference in the squares of the masses between neutrino mass eigenstates \citep{Quigg:2008}. Cosmological observations, on the other hand, can constrain the neutrino mass fraction, and can distinguish between different mass hierarchies (see \citealt*{Elgaroy:2005} for a review of the methods). The \citeauthor{EH97} transfer function assumes a total of three neutrino species (i.e. $N_\mr{massless}+N_\nu=3$), with degenerate masses for the most massive eigenstates, i.e. if $m_\nu$ is the total neutrino mass, then
\begin{equation} m_\nu=\sum^{N_\nu}_{i=0}m_i=N_\nu m_i, \end{equation}
where $m_i$ is the same for all eigenstates. Thus, $N_\nu=2$ for the normal mass hierarchy, and $N_\nu=1$ for the inverted mass hierarchy, while $N_\nu=3$ corresponds to the case where all three neutrino species have the same mass \citep[see][]{Quigg:2008}. The temperature of the relativistic neutrinos is assumed to be equal to $(4/11)^{1/3}$ of the photon temperature \citep{KolbTurner1990}.

Dark energy affects the matter power spectrum in three ways. Its density $\Omega_\mr{DE}$ changes the normalisation and $k_{eq}$, the point at which the power spectrum turns over. $\Omega_\mr{DE}$ and the dark energy equation of state parameter $w$ change the growth factor at late times by changing the Hubble rate. In addition to this, for departures from a cosmological constant the shape of the matter power spectrum on large scales is affected through dark energy perturbations. In all our calculations, we only consider small deviations from $w_0=-1$, and so neglect dark energy perturbations, only considering the first two mechanisms.

In comparing parameter constraints in different parameter spaces, we shall use six parameter sets. We start with the simplest set (QCDM) to which we add neutrino and additional primordial power spectrum parameters. In all cases the central fiducial model (given in Table \ref{Cosmo_models}) is the same, but the number of parameters marginalized over varies.

\subsection{Weak lensing tomography}

The cosmological probes considered in this paper are tomographic cosmic shear and the CMB. In weak lensing surveys, the observable is the convergence power spectrum. In our analysis, we calculate this quantity from the matter power spectrum via the lensing efficiency function. Our convergence power spectrum therefore depends on the survey geometry and on the matter power spectrum. We use the power spectrum tomography formalism by \citet{Hu:2004}, with the background lensed galaxies divided into 10 redshift bins. Cosmological models are then constrained by the power spectrum corresponding to the cross-correlations of shears within and between bins. The 3D power spectrum is projected onto a 2D lensing correlation function using the \citet{Limber:1953} equation:
\begin{equation} C_\ell^{ij}=\int \mr{d}z \frac{H}{D^2_A} W_i(z)W_j(z)P(k=\ell/D_A,z),\end{equation}
where $i$, $j$ denote different redshift bins. The weighting function $W_i(z)$ is defined by the lensing efficiency:
 \begin{equation}
W_i(z)=\frac{3}{2}\Omega_m \frac{H_0}{H}\frac{H_0 D_{OL}}{a}\int_z^\infty \mr{d} z^{\prime}\frac{D_{LS}}{D_{OS}}P(z^{\prime}),
\end{equation} where the angular diameter distance to the lens is $D_{OL}$, the distance to the source is $D_{OS}$, and the distance between the source and the lens is $D_{LS}$ (see \citealt{Hu:2004} for details). Our multipole range is $10<\ell<5000$.

The galaxies are assumed to be distributed according to the following probability distribution function \citep*{Smail1994}:
\begin{equation} P(z)=z^a \exp\left[-\left(\frac{z}{z_0}\right)^b\right],\end{equation} where $a=2$ and $b=1.5$, and $z_0$ is determined by the median redshift of the survey $z_m$ \citep[see e.g][]{AR2007}.

Our survey geometry follows the parameters for a `wide' all-sky survey with $A_s=20 000\,\mr{sq\; degrees}$. The survey parameters are shown in Table \ref{survey_params}. The median redshift of the density distribution of  galaxies is $z_\mr{median}$ and the observed number density of galaxies is $n_g$. We include photometric redshift errors $\sigma_z(z)$ and intrinsic noise in the observed ellipticity of galaxies $\sigma_\epsilon$. We follow the definition $\sigma_\gamma^2=\sigma_\epsilon^2$, where $\sigma_\gamma$ is the variance in the shear per galaxy \citep[see][]{Bartelmann:2001}.

\setcounter{table}{1}
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\caption{Fiducial parameters for the all-sky weak lensing survey considered.}
\label{survey_params}
\begin{tabular}{@{}lr@{}}
\hline
$A_s$/sq degree &20 000\\
$z_\mr{median}$&0.9\\
$n_g/\mr{arcmin}^{2}$&35\\
$\sigma_z(z)/(1+z)$&0.025\\
$\sigma_\epsilon$&0.25\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\subsection{Error forecast}

The predictions for cosmological parameter errors presented in this paper use the Fisher matrix formalism. The Fisher matrix gives us the lower bound on the accuracy with which we can estimate model parameters from a given data set \citep*{Fisher1935, Tegmark:1997, Kitching:2009}. In calculating forecast survey errors, we are implicitly making assumptions about the parameter set \citep*[see the discussion of nested models in][]{Heavens:2007}.  We want to know whether our constraints are robust against variations in the parameterisation of the cosmological model. This is of particular importance when dark energy constraints are considered, because of the degeneracies with other parameters (see Fig. \ref{pk_deg}).

The forecast parameter precision is improved by combining independent experiments. Using this technique, joint constraints or error forecasts can be obtained by combining weak lensing with other observational techniques.

The Fisher matrix for the shear power spectrum is given by \citep{Hu:2004}:
\begin{equation}\label{eq_10} F_{\alpha\beta} = f_\mr{sky}\sum_\ell{\frac{(2\ell+1)\Delta \ell}{2}}\mr{Tr}\left[D_{\ell\alpha}\widetilde{C}_\ell^{-1}D_{\ell\beta}\widetilde{C}_\ell^{-1}\right],\end{equation}
where the sum is over bands of multipole $\ell$ of width $\Delta \ell$, $\mr{Tr}$ is the trace, and $f_\mr{sky}$ is the fraction of sky covered by the survey. Equation \ref{eq_10} assumes the likelihod obeys a Gaussian distribution with zero mean.  The observed power spectra for each pair $i,j$ of redshift bins are written as the sum of the lensing and noise spectra:
\begin{equation} \widetilde{C}_\ell^{ij}=C_\ell^{ij}+N_\ell^{ij}.\end{equation}
The derivative matrices are given by
\begin{equation} [D_{\alpha}]^{ij}=\frac{\partial C_\ell^{ij}}{\partial p_\alpha} ,\end{equation}
where $p_\alpha$ is the vector of parameters in the theoretical model.

In order to quantify the potential for a survey to constrain dark energy parameters, we use the Figure of Merit, as defined by the Dark Energy Task Force \citep{DETF}:
\begin{equation} \mr{FoM}=\frac{1}{\Delta w_n\Delta w_a}.\end{equation}

\subsection{\textit{Planck} priors}

In this article, together with lensing-only constraints, we also include joint lensing and CMB constraints. To combine constraints from different probes we add the respective Fisher matrices: $\bf{F}_\mr{joint}=\bf{F}_\mr{lensing}+\bf{F}_\mr{CMB}$.
For our CMB priors, we use the forthcoming \textit{Planck} mission as our survey. The \textit{Planck} Fisher matrix is calculated following \citet{Rassat:2008}, which estimates errors using information from the temperature and E mode polarisation (i.e. TT, EE, and TE), with the help of the publicly available \textsc{camb} code \citep*{Lewis:2000}. We conservatively do not use information from B modes, and only use the 143~GHz channel, assuming other frequencies will be used for the foreground removal. This is conservative compared to other \textit{Planck} priors in the literature. More details are given in \citet[][Appendix B]{Rassat:2008}. The full parameter set for the \textit{Planck} calculation is: $\{\Omega_\mr{DE},\,w_0,\,w_a,\,\Omega_m,\,\Omega_b,\,m_\nu,\, N_\nu,\,h,\,\sigma_8,\,n_s,\,\alpha, \,\tau\}$. We use the same central values as for our weak lensing calculations, as described above, with a fiducial value for the reionisation optical depth $\tau=0.09$ and subsequently marginalize over $\tau$. We consider neutrino parameters as $\Omega_\nu h^2$ and $N_\nu$ and use a Jacobian to translate this into constraints on $m_\nu$ and $N_\nu$.

\subsection{Systematic effects}
Weak lensing measurements are affected by systematic effects which reduce the precision on cosmological parameters and introduce bias (see \citealt{Refregier:2003a} and \citealt{Schneider:2006} for a review). In this section we discuss some of these effects.

Intrinsic correlations can contaminate the lensing signal. Solutions include using tomography or 3D lensing, which decouple the long-distance line-of-sight effects from the the physical proximity of the galaxies \citep[see e.g.][]{King:2003, Bridle:2007, Kit2008b}. Using this approach, a nulling technique for shear-intrinsic ellipticity has been proposed by  \citet{Joachimi:2008, Joachimi:2009}.

Measurement systematics are due to PSF effects \citep[see][]{KSB1995}. The results presented in \citet{Bridle:2009} indicate that the required  accuracy will be reached for the next generation of all-sky weak lensing surveys.

Redshift distribution systematics, which lead to an uncertainty in the median galaxy redshift, cause an uncertainty in the amplitude of the matter power spectrum \citep{Hu:1999b}. The problem of photometric redshift systematics can be met given a number of galaxies in the spectroscopic calibration sample of $10^4-10^5$ \citep{Ma:2006, AR2007}.

Finally there are theoretical uncertainties on the shape of the matter power spectrum. The existing non-linear corrections to the matter power spectrum \citep{Peacock:1996ys, Ma:1998} are only accurate to about $10\%$ and disagree with one another to this level in the non-linear r\'egime \citep[see][]{Huterer:2001}. Newer prescriptions such as those by \citet{Smithetal} offer more accurate predictions particularly for non-$\Lambda\mr{CDM}$ cosmological models. The error in the non-linear part may still be significant  if effect of massive neutrinos is included \citep*[see e.g.][]{Saito:2008}. Current semi-analytical models need to be improved to match the degree of statistical accuracy expected for future weak lensing surveys. The solution is to run a suite of $N$-body ray-tracing simulations \citep[see e.g.][]{White:2004, Huterer:2005, Hilbert:2009, Sato:2009, Teyssier:2009}.

\section{Results}
\label{sect3}

In our Fisher matrix formalism, the error forecast on each parameter depends on the sensitivity of the weak lensing observation to changes in the matter power spectrum. In order to probe the effect of the different parameters on the matter power spectrum, we consider the fractional change in the non-linear matter power spectrum $P(k)$, defined as the change in $P(k)$ with respect to the fiducial $P(k)_\mr{fid}$, when one parameter at a time is varied from its fiducial value:
 \begin{equation}
\mr{Fractional\, change}=\frac{P(k)_\mr{fid}-P(k)_\Delta }{P(k)_\mr{fid}},
\end{equation}
where $\Delta=10\%$ for all parameters in the $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$ parameter set The power spectrum is normalised using $\sigma_8$. The fractional change in $P(k)$ at redshift $z=0$ is shown in Fig. \ref{pk_deg}. There are several features of interest in this plot, including the degeneracy between the parameters $\alpha$, $\beta$, $m_\nu$ and $\Omega_b$ at small scales, as well as the degeneracy between $w_0$, $w_a$, $\Omega_\mr{DE}$ and $N_\nu$ at large scales. The plot shows that the non-linear matter power spectra for the fiducial model and for the model with non-zero $w_a$ are almost completely degenerate at $z=0$. This degeneracy is lifted as the redshift increases.

\begin{figure*}

\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=100mm,angle=90]{Fig_1.ps}
\end{center}
\caption{The fractional change in the non-linear matter power spectrum $P(k,z=0)$, obtained by varying each parameter in the $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$ set by $+10\%$ from its fiducial value. }
 \label{pk_deg}

\end{figure*}

Table \ref{table_lensing} shows the marginalized errors for each parameter in our six cosmological parameter sets. Joint lensing+\textit{Planck} marginalized errors are shown in Table \ref{Table_Joint}.
When expected errors for $n$ unknown parameters are calculated using a Fisher matrix, we are implicitly setting the errors on any additional parameters to zero. We should therefore expect QCDM to give us the best parameter constraints. In order to examine the variation in the marginalized errors with respect to the 8-parameter QCDM set, we define the fractional change in the marginalized error $\Delta$ for each parameter as \begin{equation} \textnormal{Fractional change in error}=\frac{\Delta p_\mr{ext}-\Delta p_\mr{QCDM} }{\Delta p_\mr{QCDM} },\end{equation} where the subscripts $_\mr{ext}$ and $_\mr{QCDM}$ denote the `extended' hypothesis space and QCDM (our most restricted space) respectively. This quantity is shown in Fig. \ref{hist_lensing} for the eight parameters common to all the parameter sets, while Fig. \ref{hist_joint} shows the fractional error change in the joint lensing+\textit{Planck} constraints.

\subsection{QCDM results}

 The marginalized errors for the eight parameters in QCDM are shown in the second column of Table \ref{table_lensing}. With QCDM, all the sectors of our model are constrained well, even with our fiducial model containing massive neutrinos. Using our fiducial weak lensing survey with a QCDM parameter set, we obtain $\sim 5\%$ expected precision on $w_0$. The joint errors on the dark energy parameters $w_0$ and $w_a$ are shown in Fig. \ref{ellipses_article_joint}. The FoM in this case is 130.99. With the addition of \textit{Planck} priors, we find a significant improvement in the error bounds for the $\Omega_\mr{DE}$, $\Omega_m$, $\Omega_b$, $h$, $\sigma_8$, and $n_s$. The improvement in the error bounds on $w_0$ and $w_a$ is smaller, with the FoM being increased by a factor of 2.75 (Table \ref{Table_Joint}, second column).

\subsection{Neutrino parameters}
\label{neutrino_section}

In our calculations, we constrain the total neutrino mass and the number of massive species by measuring their effect on the lensing power spectrum via the matter power spectrum. This is sensitive to the neutrino fraction, related to the total neutrino mass by \citep{Elgaroy:2005}
\begin{equation} f_\nu\equiv\frac{\Omega_\nu}{\Omega_m}=\frac{1}{94\Omega_m h^2}\left(\frac{m_\nu}{\mr{eV}}\right). \end{equation}
The matter power spectrum parameterisation is also sensitive to the number of massive neutrino species $N_\nu$.

\citet{Tereno:2008} find a 3.3~eV upper bound for the total neutrino mass, using CFHTLS--T0003 data, while \citet{Ichiki:2008} find an upper bound of 8.1~eV. Using our fiducial $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha$ cosmology with neutrino parameter values of $m_\nu=0.66\,\mr{eV}$ and $N_\nu=3$, our marginalized error forecast for $m_\nu$ is 1.20~eV, which gives us a $1\sigma$ upper bound of $1.86\,\mr{eV}$ for the total neutrino mass (see Table \ref{table_lensing}). With our joint lensing and \textit{Planck} constraints (Table \ref{Table_Joint}), we obtain an error of 0.14~eV.

\begin{table*}
\caption{Predicted marginalized parameter errors for weak lensing alone. We show results using different cosmological parameter sets. The second column shows the results for our most restricted parameter set QCDM. In the third column, we add massive neutrinos. Primordial power spectrum parameters are added in the fourth and fifth columns. In the sixth we add neutrinos and a running of the primordial spectral index. The seventh column shows our most extended set $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$. We also show the DETF Figure of Merit for each set.}
\label{table_lensing}
\begin{tabular}{c | llllll }
\hline
Parameter & QCDM & $\nu$QCDM & QCDM & QCDM & $\nu$ QCDM & $\nu$QCDM\\
 & & & $+\alpha$ & $+\alpha+\beta$ &$+\alpha$ & $+\alpha+\beta$\\
\hline\hline
$w_0$ & 0.05633 & 0.06443 & 0.05740 & 0.06583 & 0.08099 & 0.09608 \\
$w_a$ & 0.19297 & 0.23674 & 0.21567 & 0.24988 & 0.32904 & 0.48144 \\
$\Omega_\mr{DE}$ & 0.05214 & 0.05841 & 0.05287 & 0.05297 & 0.05842 & 0.05856 \\ \hline
$\Omega_m$ & 0.00731 & 0.00742 & 0.00731 & 0.00752 & 0.00749 & 0.00756 \\
$\Omega_b$ & 0.02411 & 0.02558 & 0.02544 & 0.02981 & 0.03200 & 0.03201 \\
$m_\nu$/eV & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 1.10229 & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 1.19614 & 1.51694 \\
$N_\nu$ & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 3.27380 &  \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 3.81643 & 11.12214 \\ \hline
$h$ & 0.11337 & 0.23176 & 0.18660 & 0.24691 & 0.41999 & 0.53253 \\ \hline
$\sigma_8$ & 0.01184 & 0.01230 & 0.01185 & 0.01268 & 0.01307 & 0.01319 \\
$n_s$ & 0.02904 & 0.03038 & 0.08662 & 0.11158 & 0.11969 & 0.12003 \\
$\alpha$ & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 0.04378 & 0.05661 & 0.06556 & 0.07137 \\
$\beta$ & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 0.02574 & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 0.08479 \\ \hline
FoM & 130.99 & 79.69 & 114.86 & 97.59 & 56.36 & 38.02 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\begin{figure*}

\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=100mm,angle=90]{Fig_2a.ps}\\
\end{center}
\hfill
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=100mm,angle=90]{Fig_2b.ps}\\
\caption{The fractional change in the marginalized error for each parameter with respect to the QCDM set, using a lensing Fisher matrix calculation. In the top panel, we add neutrino parameters before adding degrees of freedom in the primordial power spectrum. In the bottom panel we add primordial power spectrum parameters before adding neutrinos. In each case, the most general parameter space, shown by the red bars, is $\mr{QCDM}+\nu+\alpha+\beta$. The $1\sigma$ marginalized errors are calculated using Fisher analysis for our all-sky fiducial weak lensing survey. }
 \label{hist_lensing}
 \end{center}
\end{figure*}

The error on the dark energy density $\Omega_\mr{DE}$ is stable against the addition of massive neutrinos to the parameter set. For the equation of state parameters, we observe a degradation in the marginalized constraints. The FoM is consequently also degraded, as can be seen in Table \ref{table_lensing}. The top panel of Fig. \ref{hist_lensing} shows that the parameter most sensitive to the addition of neutrinos is Hubble parameter $h$, and to a lesser extent, $w_0$ and $w_a$. In the latter case, this is due to a degeneracy with neutrinos in the observed effect on the growth function.

Fig. \ref{ellipses_article_joint} shows the joint $1\sigma$ constraints on the dark energy parameters $w_0$ and $w_a$. The addition of massive neutrinos to the QCDM set produces a degradation on these constraints but does not significantly change the orientation of the ellipse. This means that the pivot point $a_n$ remains almost unchanged.

\subsection{Constraints on the primordial power spectrum}

In this section, we find constraints for primordial power spectrum parameters, using different parameterisations of the primordial spectral index. We also examine the variations in our error forecasts for other parameters when we vary our primordial power spectrum parameterisation. Weak lensing forecast constraints on the running spectral index have been studied by \citet{Ishak:2004}, who also use combined lensing + current CMB constraints. They find that CMB constraints are improved when weak lensing is added, especially for the parameters $\sigma_8$, $\Omega_m$, $h$ and $\Omega_\mr{DE}.$ Their cosmological model does not include massive neutrinos, however.

The parameterisation of the primordial power spectrum used here assumes a pivot scale $k_0$ at which the amplitude is defined. We find that the best constraints on $n_s$ in the $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha$ set using our fiducial weak lensing survey are achieved with a pivot scale $k_0\sim 1\, \mr{Mpc^{-1}}$, which is larger than the value of $0.05\, \mr{Mpc^{-1}}$, adopted in the rest of the paper. The results are shown in Fig. \ref{Prim_v_k0}. This optimum pivot scale is shifted to $\sim 0.3\,\mr{Mpc^{-1}}$ when the parameter $\beta$ is added, and to $\sim0.1\,\mr{Mpc^{-1}}$ when $\alpha$ is added.

In Table \ref{table_lensing} we note that the addition of the parameter $\alpha$ has a small effect on the FoM, while adding a further parameter $\beta$ produces a larger degradation.  The degradation in the $\Omega_b$, $\Omega_m$ and $\sigma_8$ constraints is negligible against the addition of $\alpha$, while the parameters $h$ and $n_s$ are most affected, as can be seen in Fig. \ref{hist_lensing}, bottom panel. The addition of $\beta$ degrades the constraints on all these parameters, especially $n_s$.

With weak lensing only, we obtain tighter constraints on $\alpha$ than on $n_s$ with the $\mr{QCDM}+\alpha$ and $\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$ parameter sets. This error hierarchy is reversed when \textit{Planck} priors are added (Tables \ref{table_lensing} and \ref{Table_Joint}, fourth and fifth columns).

Examining Fig. \ref{ellipses_article_joint} we observe that the addition of primordial power spectrum parameters produces a small degradation in the joint ($w_0,w_a$) errors and has little effect on the orientation of the ellipses.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=64mm,angle=90]{Fig_3.ps}
\caption{Marginalized error $\Delta$ on primordial power spectrum parameters against pivot scale $k_0$. The calculation was carried out for two parameter sets: $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha$ (shown in black) and $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$ (shown in red) using our all-sky fiducial weak lensing survey. We show the marginalized errors for the parameters $n_s$ (solid line), $\alpha$ (dashed line) and $\beta$ (dotted line).}
\label{Prim_v_k0}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Combined neutrino and primordial power spectrum parameters}

We also investigate the effect adding both neutrinos and primordial power spectrum parameters (the sets $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha$ and $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$). We note that the effect on the FoM is more significant than with neutrinos or $\alpha$ and $\beta$ alone (Table \ref{table_lensing}). With the full extended model, the effect is especially noticeable on $N_\nu$ and $\beta$, showing that there are significant degeneracies between the effect of neutrinos on the matter power spectrum and the effect a scale-dependent primordial power spectrum with several degrees of freedom.

Fig. \ref{hist_lensing} (red bars) shows that the greatest degradation in constraints with respect to QCDM occurs in the parameters $w_a$, $h$, and $n_s$. There is an additional degeneracy in the matter power spectrum between the small-scale power-suppression effect of massive neutrinos and the form of the primordial power spectrum for certain values of the primordial spectral index.

With weak lensing only, we obtain tighter constraints on $\alpha$ than on $n_s$, which is in agreement with the results obtained by \citet{Kitching2008} and \citet{Ishak:2004}. Although the precision for both parameters is degraded when neutrinos are added, this error hierarchy is preserved, even when CMB constraints are added (see section \ref{joint} below).

\subsection{Joint lensing and CMB results}
\label{joint}

The addition of \textit{Planck} priors has a significant effect on parameter constraints. The FoM is improved by a factor of 6 for the $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$ model  (Table \ref{Table_Joint}), and we obtain better constraints for all parameters, especially $\Omega_b$, $\Omega_\mr{DE}$ (related to the geometry of the universe), $h$ and $n_s$. Adding CMB priors also lifts the degeneracy between some parameters, so the extension of the parameter set does not significantly degrade the error bars. This can be seen in Fig. \ref{hist_joint}, where $\Omega_b$, $h$ and $n_s$, which are well-constrained by \textit{Planck}, are now hardly affected by the addition of extra parameters. It can be seen from Table \ref{Table_Joint} that we obtain better constraints on $\alpha$ than on $n_s$ with the addition of CMB priors, reversing the error hierarchy obtained with lensing only. Moreover, the addition of neutrino parameters does not significantly affect the precision on $n_s$.

With combined lensing+\textit{Planck} calculations, we obtain an improvement in the joint ($w_0,\,w_a$) constraints (Fig. \ref{ellipses_article_joint}). The constraints are robust against the addition of neutrino parameters and the primordial power spectrum parameters $\alpha$ and $\beta$.

\begin{table*}
\caption{Predicted marginalized parameter errors for for cosmic shear combined with \textit{Planck} priors.}
\label{Table_Joint}
\begin{tabular}{c | llllll }
\hline
Parameter & QCDM & $\nu$QCDM & QCDM & QCDM & $\nu$ QCDM & $\nu$QCDM\\
 & & & $+\alpha$ & $+\alpha+\beta$ &$+\alpha$ & $+\alpha+\beta$\\
\hline\hline
$w_0$ & 0.04942 & 0.04984 & 0.04943 & 0.05055 & 0.04987 & 0.05142 \\
$w_a$ & 0.17943 & 0.18231 & 0.17946 & 0.18260 & 0.18275 & 0.18482 \\
$\Omega_\mr{DE}$ & 0.00644 & 0.00661 & 0.00721 & 0.00722 & 0.00730 & 0.00730 \\ \hline
$\Omega_m$ & 0.00389 & 0.00391 & 0.00391 & 0.00391 & 0.00393 & 0.00393 \\
$\Omega_b$ & 0.00091 & 0.00119 & 0.00101 & 0.00101 & 0.00128 & 0.00128 \\
$m_\nu$/eV & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 0.14172 & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 0.14172 & 0.14176 \\
$N_\nu$ & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 0.11694 & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 0.11821 & 0.11924 \\  \hline
$h$ & 0.00599 & 0.01360 & 0.00625 & 0.00625 & 0.01381 & 0.01382 \\  \hline
$\sigma_8$ & 0.00461 & 0.00491 & 0.00467 & 0.00470 & 0.00492 & 0.00501 \\
$n_s$ & 0.00332 & 0.00549 & 0.00356 & 0.00360 & 0.00557 & 0.00563 \\
$\alpha$ & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 0.00515 & 0.00519 & 0.00545 & 0.00545 \\
$\beta$ & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 0.01779 & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & 0.01834 \\  \hline
FoM & 357.12 & 258.40 & 357.01 & 348.70 & 251.51 & 240.59 \\  \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=100mm,angle=90]{Fig_4a.ps}\\
\end{center}
\hfill
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=100mm,angle=90]{Fig_4b.ps}
\caption{Fractional change in marginalized errors with respect to QCDM, using a joint lensing+\textit{Planck} Fisher matrix. As in Fig. \ref{hist_lensing}, in the top panel we add neutrino parameters before adding the parameter $\alpha$, and in the bottom panel we consider different parameterisations of the primordial power spectrum without adding neutrinos to our parameter space.}
\label{hist_joint}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=60mm,angle=90]{Fig_5.ps}
 \caption{Joint $1\sigma$ constraints in the $(w_0,w_a)$ plane from our Fisher matrix calculation with four different parameter sets. QCDM, $\nu\mr{QCDM}$, $\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$ and $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$ are shown in grey, red, blue and green respectively. The solid ellipses show the constraints using lensing only, while the dashed ellipses show the constraints with the addition of \textit{Planck} priors from our CMB Fisher matrix calculation.}
 \label{ellipses_article_joint}
\end{figure}

\section{Dependence of precision on survey design}

In this section we study the effect of the survey design on our error forecasts. The optimisation for an all-sky tomographic weak lensing survey has been investigated by \citep{AR2007}, who use the dark energy FoM as the optimisation benchmark. Our survey configuration is determined by the parameters: the area $A_s$, the median redshift $z_m$, and the observed number density of galaxies $n_g$. The lensing correlation function is additionally defined by the range of multipoles over which it is measured.  In order to investigate the dependence of the marginalized errors in our $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$ parameter set on the survey parameters, we calculate the lensing Fisher matrix while varying one survey parameter at a time. In Fig. \ref{opt} we show the relative marginalized error, defined as $\Delta p/ |p|$ for different values of the median redshift $z_m$ and the maximum multipole $\ell_\mr{max}$. We note that the scaling  with $z_m$ is similar for all the parameters in our three sectors of interest, with $N_\nu$ and $\beta$ showing a stronger dependence on $z_m$. We find that all parameters have a roughly similar scaling with $\ell_\mr{max}$, and that the greatest gain in precision is observed in the range $10^2<\ell_\mr{max}<10^4$.

We also carried out the same calculation for various values of the survey area $A_s$ and the galaxy count $n_g$, finding a linear scaling between the parameter precision and these two survey parameters. Our results show that the survey area has the greatest effect on parameter precision, and are in agreement with \citet{AR2007} .

Our results show that the optimum survey strategy holds not just for the joint dark energy parameters $(w_0,w_a)$, but also for the other parameters in the cosmological model. A different survey design would therefore lead to a rescaling of the marginalized errors shown in Table \ref{table_lensing}, but would not significantly modify the results shown in Fig. \ref{hist_lensing}. This indicates that the effect of extending the hypothesis space is independent of the survey design.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=60mm,angle=90]{Fig_6a.ps}\\
\end{center}
\hfill
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=60mm,angle=90]{Fig_6b.ps}
\caption{Dependence of cosmological parameter precision on the survey design. In the top panel, we vary the median redshift $z_m$, while keeping other survey parameters constant. In the bottom panel, we vary the maximum multipole $\ell_\mr{max}$, with the minimum multipole kept constant at $\ell=10$. Each plot shows the relative marginalized error, defined as $\Delta p/ |p|$ for the twelve parameters in $\nu\mr{QCDM}+\alpha+\beta$. The thick black line shows the ($w_0,w_a$) Figure of Merit.}
\label{opt}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusion}
The main aim of this paper was to put three different sectors of the cosmological model: dark energy, dark matter (cold and neutrinos) and initial conditions on equal footing while forecasting constraints for a future weak lensing survey. To do this we introduce a new parameter $\beta$, which models the second order running spectral index. We have forecast errors for an all-sky tomographic weak lensing survey, and for weak lensing+\textit{Planck},  using different cosmological parameter sets, studying the effect of the addition of parameters in the model. We have shown that error forecasts for some parameters are stable against changes in the parameter set (Table \ref{table_lensing}), and that degeneracies between the dark energy parameters $w_0$ and $w_a$ are not significantly affected by the addition of parameters (Fig. \ref{ellipses_article_joint}). We have investigated the shift in the optimal pivot scale for primordial power spectrum constraints with the addition of extra parameters (Fig. \ref{Prim_v_k0}).

We have shown that parameter constraints are nevertheless dependent on the parameterisation of the primordial power spectrum. With the addition of CMB priors, we have shown that we can obtain improved constraints in this sector, which reduces the dependency on constraints on the parameter set.

We have obtained predicted constraints for both the total neutrino mass and the number of massive neutrino species. This article has a resonance with \citet{debernardisdraft2009}, in which it is shown that the neutrino mass hierarchy can be constrained using cosmic shear, using a more general parameterisation of the neutrino mass splitting. We find that for the parameters that are common between the two articles there is an agreement between the predicted errors, despite the slightly different parameter sets and assumptions. The results obtained here also mirror those in \citet{Zunckel:2007}, in which it is found that the neutrino mass constraints are degraded when the hypothesis space is enlarged. This is due to degeneracies between the neutrino mass and other parameters. Adding priors only tightens the constraints when the additional information comes from independent experiments,  which reduces the freedom in the degenerate parameters. We have used information from the CMB, which constrains the primordial power spectrum particularly well, resulting in improved constraints on our neutrino parameters.

In the neutrino sector, parameter constraints would be improved by a hierarchical parameterisation in which different neutrino species have non-degenerate masses. This would model more accurately the process whereby each massive species becomes non-relativistic at a different redshift. While the different transition redshifts have only a very small effect on the CMB anisotropy power spectrum, the effect is non-negligible in future cosmic shear experiments which measure the matter power spectrum to a sufficient accuracy to discriminate between different mass hierarchies.

This article concludes that a future all-sky weak lensing survey with CMB priors provides robust constraints on dark energy parameters and can simultaneously provide strong constraints on all parameters. The results presented here show that error forecasts from our weak lensing survey are stable against the addition of parameters to the fiducial model, and that this stability is improved by adding CMB priors.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

We would like to thank Jochen Weller for making available to us his \textit{Planck} Fisher matrix code, and Sarah Bridle for useful discussions. TDK is supported by STFC Rolling Grant RA0888.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
José Joaquim Cabral wins Arnaldo França Literary Prize
Home News José Joaquim Cabral wins Arnaldo França Literary Prize
Jury says that "Destino Aziago" allows readers "access to a trilogy that closes the cycle started by a fundamental work of literature on the islands, Chiquinho"
Cape Verdean writer José Joaquim Cabral is the winner of the fourth edition of the Arnaldo França Literary Prize, awarded annually by the Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, of Portugal, and the National Press of Cape Verde.
The novel "Destino Aziago", which competed with 13 other works, won the unanimity of the jury of the prize that bears the name of the most important literary critic in Cape Verde and which is open to Cape Verdean citizens, in the country or abroad, and to foreigners residing in the archipelago in the last five years.
Cabral, who competed under the pseudonym Beto Zabe, has proved to be one of the prolific Cape Verdean writers, publishing several works of fiction, but with strong roots in the history of his native island, São Nicolau, and the country.
This novel "reflects on the unavoidable theme of the Cape Verdean diaspora, with a remarkable approach in the solid construction of the characters, in the emotional design of the landscape and in the reference to the history, culture, traditions and dynamics of Cape Verdean society, especially São Nicolauense". ", highlights the jury, chaired by the writer, professor and anthropologist Manuel Brito-Semedo, quoted in the press release of the National Press-Casa da Moeda, from Portugal, released this Monday, 17.
With "Destino Aziago", the jury continues, "young and less young readers thus get to know the history of Cape Verdean land, with the original written in two hands, also recognizing the dynamics of the route of Cape Verdean identity. -contemporary verdiana for the arrival, through fiction, of one of the least contemplated periods in the national literary historiography".
This novel, which will be published until the end of the year, as part of the award, will also give readers "the opportunity to have access to a trilogy that closes the cycle started by a fundamental work of Cape Verdean Literature [Chiquinho). , by Baltasar Lopes, from 1947]", concludes the jury, which was also made up of university professors Maria de Fátima Fernandes and Paula Mendes.
"A Tribute to the Land of Great Writers"
In addition to the publication of the book with the seal of the National Press, of Lisbon, and of the National Press, of Cape Verde, José Joaquim Cabral, will receive a value of five thousand euros.
In a brief reaction to VOA, Cabral states that "more than an individual award, it is a collective one, and a tribute to the land of great writers, and honored for continuing the 'Chiquinhagem' that Baltasar Lopes da Silva was unable to perform".
In his bibliography, Cabral has Acushnet Avenue, novel, (2019); The Path(s) They Tread, historical novel (2014); Sodade de Nhâ Terra Saninclau I, II, III (2008, 2009, 2012) and Father Gesualdo Fiorini, Italian, from São Nicolau, citizen, biography, (2007).
Graduated in business administration in Brazil in 1990, during his professional career he held several positions in public administration and currently serves on the Board of Directors of Escola do Mar, in São Vicente.
The Arnaldo França Literary Prize aims to promote the Portuguese language and literary talent in Cape Verde, as well as honor the outstanding figure of literature and culture of the Arnaldo França islands.
In previous editions, the awarded works were Beato Sabino, by Olavo Delgado Correia (2018 winner); O Sonho de Ícaro, by Onestaldo Gonçalves (honorable mention 2018), Contos de Cabo Verde, by Benvindo Gomes Semedo (winner 2019) and Sul 1 by Jorge Otávio Soares Silva.
Source: VOA Portuguese | January 17, 2022
José Cabral
jjcabral2000@yahoo.com.br