text:
Q: Groovy - Saving two json values (int, String) from REST response body to GlobalVariable We introduced a feature which requires certain user-specific API requests to include a new custom HTTP header, we'll call it X-UserToken. When the POST /create/user request is fired, a new user is created and the request body returns a userId and a userToken -- the userToken is then required to be set as the value for the X-UserToken HTTP header for all request specific to this user. (see below)
{
  "data": {
    "userId": 10023348,
    "userToken": "SampleTokenString.abcd.123.efg.sampleTokenString",
    "messages": [],
    "questions": [],
    "verificationStatus": "success"
  },
  "errors": [],
  "requestId": "abc-123-xyz",
  "status": 200
}

Before this change, I was successfully saving the userId int as a global variable and passing it into all subsequent custom web-service keywords in the same custom keyword script. This worked great. But now, I need to save both the int userId and String userToken from the create/user request and pass the int userId into subsequent requests as a request body parameter AND pass the String userToken as an HTTP header variable. The problem I'm having is that I seem to only be able to save one or the other, not both.
This is the working code for saving the userId jsonResponse value but I can't figure out how to save both the userId and userToken.
@Keyword File:
def createUser(String firstName, String lastName, String birthDate) {
    def response = WS.sendRequestAndVerify(findTestObject("Postman/User/create",
            ["firstName": firstName, "lastName": lastName, "birthDate": birthDate]))

    def jsonResponse = jsonSlurper.parseText(response.getResponseText())
    return jsonResponse.data.userId
    return jsonResponse.data.customerToken
}

Katalon Test Case script step:
int userId = CustomKeywords.'user_Lifecycle_API.API_userFlow.createUser'(
    firstName, lastName, birthDate)

When I try and update both the test case script to include String userToken, I get errors. I've tried everything I could think of but nothing seems to work.


text:
Q: .htaccess to parent directory I am trying forward /test/12 to test?var=12 using htaccess
I have set up my .htaccess file as follows:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^test/(.+)$ test?$1 [L]

Can somebody point me in the right direction?
Thanks

A: RewriteEngine on
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^test/([a-zA-Z0-9|]+)/([^/]*)/(.*)$ test.php?var1=$1&var2=$2&var3=$3 [B,QSA]

[^/] means "any character that's not a slash". Naturally this means that "text" cannot contain any slashes, but your URL will be matched correctly.
Also note the [B] which is one of many options you can add to a rewrite rule. [B] means that any &s and some other characters will be escaped.
now in your test.php
print_r($_GET);

will output for url http://localhost/test/123/456/asdf:
Array
(
    [var1] => 123
    [var2] => 456
    [var3] => asdf
)

A: My mistake was adding the .htaccess in the wrong directory. I should have added it in the parent directory, but I was adding ^test/(.+)$ test?$1 in the test directory.
I wanted to take the full query after the trailing slash in the url, so the rule I used in the parent directory was RewriteRule ^(.*)$ test.php?$1. This in turn caused a circular loop so I redirected to a directory within the parent so the final working rule that took the final part of the url string after the / and forwarded it as a variable to test.php?$1 looked like this.
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ test/test.php?$1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: nth:child formula for alternating colour 2 column rows I need to style my boxes to have alternating background colours to an unknown "x" number of boxes.
I want them to style as follows, where A is white and B is grey.
A B
B A
A B
B A
... to x number of posts.
I've started with :nth-child(3n +1), but this fails on the 3rd row.
I am also aware of :nth-child(even) or :nth-child(odd)
Is this achievable?


text:
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Dancing on the Volcano
22 November 2017 by Eric Toussaint
Christopher Dombres - The ruling class - flickr cc
The statements of Mario Draghi, Jean-Claude Junker, and Donald Trump remind us of all the past crises. They could very well have participated in the 1825, 1875 and 1929 crises without changing a single word.
Capitalism is not yet on the brink of collapse. Too bad, we would like to see the end of this deathly system. On the other hand, different elements of a new international financial crisis are currently converging.
Often, everything seems to be fine before a financial crisis. For example, some signals are completely misleading. Economic growth seems encouraging, though it is based largely on speculative frenzy in some sectors. Bankruptcies are few and far between, company balance Balance End of year statement of a company's assets (what the company possesses) and liabilities (what it owes). In other words, the assets provide information about how the funds collected by the company have been used; and the liabilities, about the origins of those funds. sheets seem sound. Let us not forget that the rating agencies Rating agency
Rating agencies Rating agencies, or credit-rating agencies, evaluate creditworthiness. This includes the creditworthiness of corporations, nonprofit organizations and governments, as well as 'securitized assets' – which are assets that are bundled together and sold, to investors, as security. Rating agencies assign a letter grade to each bond, which represents an opinion as to the likelihood that the organization will be able to repay both the principal and interest as they become due. Ratings are made on a descending scale: AAA is the highest, then AA, A, BBB, BB, B, etc. A rating of BB or below is considered a 'junk bond' because it is likely to default. Many factors go into the assignment of ratings, including the profitability of the organization and its total indebtedness. The three largest credit rating agencies are Moody's, Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings (FT).
Moody's : https://www.fitchratings.com/ assigned triple A ratings to the North American company Enron in 2000 just before it crashed. This signalled the dotcom crisis of 2001-2002. Let us remember the triple A ratings attributed to structured products in the sub-prime market in 2006-2007. Let us remember the reassuring statements of Alan Greenspan, director of the US Federal Reserve FED
Federal Reserve Officially, Federal Reserve System, is the United States' central bank created in 1913 by the 'Federal Reserve Act', also called the 'Owen-Glass Act', after a series of banking crises, particularly the 'Bank Panic' of 1907.
FED – decentralized central bank : http://www.federalreserve.gov/ between 1987 and 2006, on the eve of the subprime crisis. He argued that there was nothing to fear since the risks were well-distributed throughout the system and well-covered by CDS CDS
Credit Default Swaps Credit Default Swaps are an insurance that a financial company may purchase to protect itself against non payments. (Credit Default Swap, allegedly an insurance against the risk of default). The IMF IMF
International Monetary Fund Along with the World Bank, the IMF was founded on the day the Bretton Woods Agreements were signed. Its first mission was to support the new system of standard exchange rates.
When the Bretton Wood fixed rates system came to an end in 1971, the main function of the IMF became that of being both policeman and fireman for global capital: it acts as policeman when it enforces its Structural Adjustment Policies and as fireman when it steps in to help out governments in risk of defaulting on debt repayments.
As for the World Bank, a weighted voting system operates: depending on the amount paid as contribution by each member state. 85% of the votes is required to modify the IMF Charter (which means that the USA with 17,68% % of the votes has a de facto veto on any change).
The institution is dominated by five countries: the United States (16,74%), Japan (6,23%), Germany (5,81%), France (4,29%) and the UK (4,29%).
The other 183 member countries are divided into groups led by one country. The most important one (6,57% of the votes) is led by Belgium. The least important group of countries (1,55% of the votes) is led by Gabon and brings together African countries.
http://imf.org , in its 2007 annual report, claimed that all was well and economic growth was solid.
The situation in 2017 is similar to those pre-crisis situations where everything seems to go well while political leaders make reassuring and soothing remarks. The current situation is somewhat akin to what happened in 1987. There was a sharp rise in the stock markets and a significant rise in the corporate bonds Corporate bonds Securities issued by corporations in order to raise funds on the Money Markets. These bonds resemble government bonds but are considered to be more risky than government bonds and other guaranteed securities such as Mortgage Backed Securities, and therefore pay higher interest rates. (corporate bonds are financial securities Financial securities Financial securities include equity securities issued by companies in the form of shares (shares, holdings, investment certificates, etc.), debt securities, excluding commercial instruments and savings certificates (bonds and similar securities), and holdings or shares in Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS). issued by private companies, they are future guarantees Guarantees Acts that provide a creditor with security in complement to the debtor's commitment. A distinction is made between real guarantees (lien, pledge, mortgage, prior charge) and personal guarantees (surety, aval, letter of intent, independent guarantee). for repayment in exchange for funds).
The current situation and that of 30 years ago are vastly different, no doubt: some central banks (the Bank of Japan, the ECB ECB
European Central Bank The European Central Bank is a European institution based in Frankfurt, founded in 1998, to which the countries of the Eurozone have transferred their monetary powers. Its official role is to ensure price stability by combating inflation within that Zone. Its three decision-making organs (the Executive Board, the Governing Council and the General Council) are composed of governors of the central banks of the member states and/or recognized specialists. According to its statutes, it is politically 'independent' but it is directly influenced by the world of finance.
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/html/index.en.html , the Bank of England etc.) hold corporate bonds. [1] As a result, there is a semblance of stability because the central banks are not likely to sell them should the private bond market Bond market A market where medium-term and long-term capital is lent/borrowed in the form of bonds. Bonds are creditor stakes issued by companies or States. see panics. The Fed, on the other hand, has not bought any yet. Last year, anticipating a likely implosion in the corporate bond Bond A bond is a stake in a debt issued by a company or governmental body. The holder of the bond, the creditor, is entitled to interest and reimbursement of the principal. If the company is listed, the holder can also sell the bond on a stock-exchange. market, its CEO announced that the Fed could eventually start to buy but the decision has not yet been taken. However, it is the American market that is the most developed and the most at risk.
Furthermore, the Fed holds a huge amount of structured products, bought to help banks handle the aftershock of the 2008 crisis. In October 2017, the Fed had $ 1770 billion worth of structured products pertaining to the real estate market (mortgage Mortgage A loan made against property collateral. There are two sorts of mortgages:
1) the most common form where the property that the loan is used to purchase is used as the collateral;
2) a broader use of property to guarantee any loan: it is sufficient that the borrower possesses and engages the property as collateral. backed securities, MBS MBS
Mortgage Backed Securities See ABS. ). [2] The Fed knows very well that any attempt at reselling these toxic products in the near future could see the security values go downhill. To top it all, it would have a chain effect leading to bankruptcies.
Mortgage Backed Securities held by the FED
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Economic Data
Crisis factors: private debts are the root cause
In 2017, the significant rise in market capitalization, originating several years ago, continues. This is basically a speculative rise, driven by stock buybacks and the central banks' quantitative easing policies. The stock market bubble will eventually burst.
There is also a sharp hike in the credit portfolio of large private companies ($ 7,800 billion increase in non-financial corporate debt between 2010 and 2017 in the US). A speculative bubble Speculative bubble An economic, financial or speculative bubble is formed when the level of trading-prices on a market (financial assets market, currency-exchange market, property market, raw materials market, etc.) settles well above the intrinsic (or fundamental) financial value of the goods or assets being exchanged. In such a situation, prices diverge from the usual economic valuation under the influence of buyers' beliefs. is developing in the corporate bond market. Junk bonds Junk Bonds The nickname in the USA for high-risk bonds, also called High Yield Bonds, issued by a company whose solvency is considered doubtful. This type of bond is considered highly speculative by the rating agencies. (high-risk company bonds) are in great demand because they yield Yield The income return on an investment. This refers to the interest or dividends received from a security and is usually expressed annually as a percentage based on the investment's cost, its current market value or its face value. high returns.
Moreover, a private consumer debt bubble in the US automobile industry has resurfaced. Debt in this market exceeds $1200 billion, an increase of 70% since 2010. The number of defaults are on the rise, currently amounting to 7.5% of the sum. Consequently, the major banks controlling 30% of this market are trying to reduce their exposure to this bubble. [3]
In the US, student debt has exceeded $ 1350 billion in 2017 and defaults have reached more than 11%. [4] A housing bubble has formed in Canada. [5] In early 2017, household debt in the US exceeded the level it had reached in 2008 before the Lehman Brothers went to the wall. The total volume of household debt is around $13,000 billion. However, defaults are less than in 2008-2009.
Student Debt - Evolution of payment defaults (90 Days) Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, newyorkfed.org
Although the dominant international narrative claims that the banks are now stable and prepared to deal with a downturn, the past four years have witnessed a spate of major private bank bailouts: especially in Europe (Austria, Portugal, Italy, and Spain etc.). Their balance sheets cannot really be called sound and usually their equity Equity The capital put into an enterprise by the shareholders. Not to be confused with 'hard capital' or 'unsecured debt'. does not exceed 5%, and again, this ratio is even less in large banks who are able to legally camouflage their actual situation, declare that they have attained a ratio of 10-12% and so pass the stress tests organized by the authorities (see box "How to transform 4% into 10 %"). One of the major problems of the banks is the rise of defaults in their credit portfolio (so-called NPL, non-performing loans). Most Italian banks have gone downhill due to this important factor of the NPLs, which caused the failure of Banco Popular in May 2017, one of the main Spanish banks.
Let us not forget that prior to the countless bank failures in 2008-2009, the sector yielded high returns. This is still the case today.
The rise of private indebtedness in China is also a potential crisis factor. The mainstream media that draws public attention to this situation is not entirely wrong, even though it evidently prefers to divert attention from the crisis factors directly affecting western economies.
As for large western private companies, as we have shown in a previous article, [6] debt has a massive impact. They borrow to finance their debt and speculative purchases.
Globally, companies in the steel sector are overproducing while the major oil companies are back to making profits, but the point is that stock speculation and future purchases could have partly triggered the hike of an oil barrel's price to $60 (as in October-November 2017). The automotive sector is overproducing even though sales are on the rise, mostly due to purchases on credit.
The cost of protection against risk has struck a historic low
We find that the big capitalist companies are so risk-averse that the cost of protecting against a likely payment default is now extremely low. This contravenes the precautionary principle but is quite normal in the capitalist logic. Since many capitalist companies (such as Apple) want to buy high-risk securities (junk bonds), weak companies issuing them might offer lower returns than in a situation where their securities are in little demand. Therefore, junk bonds are now yielding lower returns, which does not at all mean that their risk is less than before. When the price of these coveted securities goes up, the returns plunge, and the "market" decides that the risk has been curbed: this is not the true picture. In the US, in October 2017, a company that wanted to protect itself against a payment default had to pay a credit default swap (CDS) for $ 5.44 to cover a risk of $ 1000 on risky financial securities. In 2008, during the crisis, covering the same risk cost $27,80.
This reminds us of the triple A ratings approved by agencies to structured subprime products just before the financial crisis.
Clearly this points to a risk appetite, eyeing short term returns. The history of capitalism has taught us that apparent stability can change drastically.
How to transform 4% into 10%
If a bank, call it Banxia, has 4 in equities and 100 in assets, this implies a ratio of 4% while it should be 8% according to Basel I and Basel II guidelines (applicable since 2013-2014). How can it be done without changing anything? The bank will risk-weight its assets. Consider the following hypothetical case: out of the 100, the bank holds 30 sovereign assets from countries with a rating between AAA and AA-. It can then subtract 30 from its total assets. Why? Because, as per prevailing laws, capital is not required to amortize any loss, in case of claims on countries rated between AAA and AA-. So it is left with 70 assets, which must be balanced with a sufficient amount of capital. The capital-to-asset Asset Something belonging to an individual or a business that has value or the power to earn money (FT). The opposite of assets are liabilities, that is the part of the balance sheet reflecting a company's resources (the capital contributed by the partners, provisions for contingencies and charges, as well as the outstanding debts). ratio (4/70) now stands at 5.7%: it is still insufficient.
Let's proceed further. Of the remaining 70, 30 are receivables [7] from banks or companies rated between AAA and AA-. Since the Basel I (and Basel II) rules stipulate that such claims cannot exceed 20% of risk, the Banxia Bank can show these 30 receivables as only 6 (20% of 30). Therefore Banxia needs to raise equity not for 70 assets, but for (70-24=) 46 assets only. Evidently, the ratio of equity-to-assets has improved, as it is now 8.7% (4 equities for 46 risk-weighted assets).
Let us now assume that out of the 40 other assets, 2 are loans to companies or banks with a bad rating, that is, less than B-. In this case, the risk is 150%. These 2 receivables then count for 3 (150% of 2). Therefore, capital requirement will be calculated on a risk assessment for 3, not 2.
Assuming that out of the remaining 38 assets, 10 are loans to SMEs. In this case, 10 counts for 10, because bank loans to SMEs cannot be reduced: the Basel authorities consider them as high risk, the "risk" being 100%.
The remaining 28 assets consist of personal loans. The risk for loans to individuals is 75%, so these 28 assets weigh 21 (75% of 28).
In this hypothetical case, the risk-weighted assets actually amount to 40 (0 + 6 + 3 + 10 + 21) out of 100 assets. The capital-to-asset ratio is 4/40, i.e. 10%.
Bingo! The bank, whose equity was only 4% of the assets, can now declare that its ratio has actually gone up to 10%. This will fetch a round of applause from the regulatory authorities.
Do you think that it's only hypothetical? That the pictures painted above do not represent what the banks and regulatory authorities actually do? Think again. We have cited a very real example in the following section and examples like this are numerous. Meanwhile, below is a table summarizing the applicable risk weighting rates stipulated by both Basel I and Basel II.
Summary table of risk weighting [8]
The Basel Committee: banks can determine the value of their own assets
The Basel Committee fully trusts the bankers: each bank can choose its own risk assessment model. This is, with a few exceptions, what all major banks do.
More specifically, Basel recommends two options: either the banks adopt the risk-weighted assets calculation method proposed by the Basel II Committee, or they develop their own risk measurement system for capital requirement calculation. To adopt this system, they must get approval from the supervisory authorities, which is easy enough for a big bank with substantial resources.
Dexia: a telling example of the sloppiness of the Basel Committee and the national supervisory authorities
The example of Dexia serves well to highlight the hazards of the risk weighting system, be it the standardized approach or the internal rating approach.
In June 2011, Dexia easily passed the stress test imposed by the European Supervisory Authority on 90 major European banks. [9] Four months later, it had to be bailed out for the second time in three years. The document which Dexia submitted in order to pass the test with flying colours is enlightening.
While the assets (not risk-weighted) totalled € 567 billion, the risk-weighted assets amounted to only € 141 billion. In the hypothetical example of part 8, the risk weighting method allowed the imaginary bank Banxia to change the number of its assets from 100 to 40. Dexia did much better in June 2011: its assets went from 100 to 25. The sorcerers of Dexia, take a bow! "Reality" has outranked fiction.
In the document submitted to the European Authorities, Dexia claimed that its core-capital to risk-weighted-assets ratio was 12.01%. How mesmerizing for the regulatory authorities! Had the unweighted assets been considered, this ratio would have been 3%: a more factual version. The supervisory authorities asked the banks, including Dexia, to add strictly financial products to their capital. Otherwise, the ratio would have been even more disturbing. Point to note: if the Basel III rules (which are expected to be fully operative in 2018-2019) were applied to the ratio of equity to unweighted assets and the ratio of equity to weighted assets, Dexia would also have passed the test. This shows that Basel III does not provide any solution.
The Banks are immensely misleading
Dexia's story is not at all isolated. According to the Liikanen Report, in 2011, equity accounted for only 2- 6% of the unweighted assets of major banks. For Deutsche Bank, just over 2% (which implies a leverage Leverage This is the ratio between funds borrowed for investment and the personal funds or equity that backs them up. A company may have borrowed much more than its capitalized value, in which case it is said to be 'highly leveraged'. The more highly a company is leveraged, the higher the risk associated with lending to the company; but higher also are the possible profits that it may realise as compared with its own value. effect of 50). For ING and Nordea (Sweden): just under 4%. For BNP Paribas, Crédit Agricole, BPCE, Société Générale and Barclays: around 4% (leverage of 25). For Spain's Santander and BBVA, Italy's Intesa Sanpaolo and Unicredit, and Belgium's KBC: about 6% (leverage of around 16). [10]
However, all these banks passed the June 2011 stress test and have an equity-to-weighted assets ratio>10%.
Based on their 2012 annual report published in 2013, we calculated the ratios of equity-to-risk weighted assets and equity-to- unweighted assets for two major European banks with a sound foothold: BNP Paribas and Deutsche Bank. As the following illustration shows, the result is alarming enough, even for the most diehard optimist.
Since 2014, the ratio of equity to unweighted assets have slightly increased in the topmost banks, still they remain extremely fragile.
Basel III cannot impose a proper financial constraint either. Basel III, adopted for general principles in 2010 and scheduled for a global launch in 2018 or 2019, proposes only one significant change: instead of the 2% hard capital Hard capital The capital provided by shareholders plus the undistributed profits (retained earnings). requirement stipulated by Basel II, banks will have to raise it to 4.5%. If funds are calculated in easier ways and added to the 4.5%, the 8% requirement set by Basel I and II can be achieved. Who do they think they are kidding?
However, the basic thing to remember is that the assets will continue to be calculated on risk weighting. This invalidates Basel III's rhetorical solution to the banking crisis, since 4.5% of hard capital proportionate to risk-weighted assets is a joke. The books can be cooked in various ways.
The contents of this text box have been taken from Eric Toussaint, "Banks bluff in a completely legal way", http://www.cadtm.org/Banks-bluff-in-a-completely-legal , published on July 4, 2013. Also see: "Banks: fudged health report", http://www.cadtm.org/Banks-Fudged-health-report
Translated by Suchandra de Sarkar in collaboration with Christine Pagnoulle and Mike Krolikowski
[1] In October 2017, the ECB held €357 billion of corporate bonds, including €236 billion covered bonds, that is to say the least dependable securities. Information retrieved on November 9, 2017. The ECB holds 1/3rd of the European market for covered bonds (see Financial Times of July 27, 2017).
[2] Retrieved on November 9, 2017: https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h41/current/h41.pdf
[3] Financial Times, "US consumer debt pile deters big banks from $1.2tn car-loan market", May 30, 2017.
[4] Federal Reserve Bank of New York
[5] Financial Times, "Canada's housing rally owes a debt to Europe", July 27, 2017
[6] See Eric Toussaint, "The mountain of corporate debt will be the seed of the next financial crisis", http://www.cadtm.org/The-mountain-of-corporate-debt
[7] These can be loans or financial securities. These can also be structured CDO products rated AAA to AA- before the crisis started in 2007-2008.
[8] This table is based on documents adopted by the Basel Committee: see the Basel II version of 2004 https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs107.pdf ; see Basel II version revised in 2006: https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs128.pdf ; for risk weighting, read from page 19.
[9] These 90 banks accounted for 65% of the European banking assets. See : https://www.lesechos.fr/18/07/2011/lesechos.fr/0201290575344_stress-tests-bancaires---un-nouveau-round-en-pleine-crise-de-la-dette.htm# (in French). Note that the two Cypriot banks bearing full brunt of the March 2013 crisis had also passed the test successfully. Of these 90 banks, 59 (the biggest) followed their own model for risk-weighting assets (IN model).
[10] This paragraph provides the equity-to-asset ratio. For Barclays and Deutsche Bank, see the Liikanen Report, tables 3.4.18 and 3.4.19.
is a historian and political scientist who completed his Ph.D. at the universities of Paris VIII and Liège, is the spokesperson of the CADTM International, and sits on the Scientific Council of ATTAC France.
He is the author of Debt System (Haymarket books, Chicago, 2019), Bankocracy (2015); The Life and Crimes of an Exemplary Man (2014); Glance in the Rear View Mirror. Neoliberal Ideology From its Origins to the Present, Haymarket books, Chicago, 2012 (see here), etc.
See his bibliography: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ric_Toussaint
He co-authored World debt figures 2015 with Pierre Gottiniaux, Daniel Munevar and Antonio Sanabria (2015); and with Damien Millet Debt, the IMF, and the World Bank: Sixty Questions, Sixty Answers, Monthly Review Books, New York, 2010. He was the scientific coordinator of the Greek Truth Commission on Public Debt from April 2015 to November 2015.
Other articles in English by Eric Toussaint (542)
"Exceptional circumstances can help indebted States"
14 January, by Eric Toussaint
11 questions / 11 answers about the new global debt crisis and how it can be radically reduced
29 December 2020, by Eric Toussaint , Olivier Bonfond , Mats Lucia Bayer
Climate and environmental crisis: Sorcerer's apprentices at the World Bank and the IMF
23 December 2020, by Eric Toussaint
A new trap of indebtedness of the South to the North - Part 3
Developing Countries caught in the vice-like grip of indebtedness
1 December 2020, by Eric Toussaint , Milan Rivié
Report on the International Situation and the activities of CADTM International since May 2020
1 December 2020, by Eric Toussaint , CADTM International , Jean Nanga , Christine Vanden Daelen , Sushovan Dhar , Maria Elena Saludas , Omar Aziki , Rémi Vilain
Threats over the external debt of Developing Countries
27 November 2020, by Eric Toussaint , Milan Rivié
A country is entitled to refuse to repay a debt
26 November 2020, by Eric Toussaint , Revista Mugica
Europe and the Pandemic
9 November 2020, by Eric Toussaint , Manoel Barbeitos
Series: 1944-2020, 76 years of interference from the World Bank and the IMF (Part 25)
The IMF and the World Bank in the time of Coronavirus: the failed campaign for a new image
9 November 2020, by Eric Toussaint , Emilie Paumard , Milan Rivié
On the CADTM's strategy
4 November 2020, by Eric Toussaint
29 December 2020 - Eric Toussaint, Olivier Bonfond, Mats Lucia Bayer
Books in the year of the COVID
21 December 2020 - Michael Roberts
How pension funds shape financialisation in emerging economies in Colombia and Peru
17 December 2020 - Bruno Bonizzi, Jennifer Churchill, Diego Guevara
Illicit Financial Flows: Africa is the world's main creditor
5 November 2020 - Milan Rivié
David Graeber (1961-2020): The Relevance of his Thought and his Struggle
16 October 2020 - Eric Toussaint
What kind of austerity after the Covid crisis?
2 December 2020 - Eva Betavatzi
26 November 2020 - Eric Toussaint, Revista Mugica
The crisis triggered by the pandemic and the economic policy of the European Union
19 November 2020 - Daniel Albarracín
Deficits, debt and deflation after the pandemic
6 July 2020 - Michael Roberts
The DiEM25 Plan to Confront the Covid-19 Crisis in Europe
27 May 2020 - Eric Toussaint, Olivier Bonfond, Eva Betavatzi
14 January - Eric Toussaint
The strategic debates of the European left - from Recommons Europe to the pandemic
8 January - Catherine Samary, Srećko Pulig
Regrets, Apologies and Repair for Belgium's Colonial Harms
3 December 2020 - Valerie Arnould
The American People Turn Trump Out of Office
10 November 2020 - Dan La Botz
Lessons from a decade of student activism in the UK
6 January - Hector Rios-Jara
World Bank: Investigate Cambodia's Micro-Loans
5 January - Human Rights Watch
Micro credit : empowerment or victimisation?
10 December 2020 - Sushovan Dhar, Sankha Subhra Biswas
Sri Lanka: An argument for cancelling the household debt
23 November 2020 - Amali Wedagedara
'We do not get a chance at happiness': the Bangladeshi fishermen caught by debt
23 November 2020 - Rafiqul Islam Montu, Kaamil Ahmed
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A work-smart kitchen layout was a must for this homeowner. That's why she got together with the Renovisions team. In the old kitchen, lack of enough cabinet space and organized storage, created an overflowing situation with contents pushed to the countertops, making it hard to escape the clutter. Moreover, the inconvenient position of the refrigerator made entering and exiting the kitchen literally a squeeze. Redesigning the kitchen was a challenge but Ed envisioned a new spacious layout that naturally flowed between all work areas.
At the top of the must-have list was the addition of an Island with an electric cooktop and much needed deep drawer storage. To create a better flow, the work surfaces, storage and appliances were arranged in the most functional way. The microwave was built into the cabinetry with an adjacent pull-out spice rack and it is closer to the refrigerator making reheating food easier.
The key part of overhauling this kitchen was upgrading the cabinetry, countertops, and appliances as well as adding a unique backsplash tile. Renovisions suggested the gorgeous maple wood cabinetry with a light grey stain. The stainless steel appliances play off the grey cabinetry, colorful veining in the granite countertops and attractive glass subway tile, giving the kitchen a sleeker and more modern look.


text:
Q: Ordering columns in a stacked bar chart - dimple I'm trying to sort a stacked bar chart generated with DimpleJS.
I tried something like this :
    var svg = dimple.newSvg('#graphicview', "100%", "100%");

    var data1 = [
      { Tasks: 10, Date: "Jan", MyValue: "Val 1", Order: 1 },
      { Tasks: 15, Date: "Jan", MyValue: "Val 2", Order: 2 },
      { Tasks: 15, Date: "Jan", MyValue: "Val 3", Order: 3 },
      { Tasks: 50, Date: "Feb", MyValue: "Val 1", Order: 1 },
      { Tasks: 115, Date: "Feb", MyValue: "Val 2", Order: 2 },
      { Tasks: 0, Date: "Mar", MyValue: "Val 1", Order: 1 },
      { Tasks: 0, Date: "Apr", MyValue: "Val 1", Order: 1 }
    ];

    var myChart = new dimple.chart(svg, data1);

    var x = myChart.addCategoryAxis("x", "Date");
    x.addOrderRule(['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr']);
    var y = myChart.addMeasureAxis("y", "Tasks");
    y.addOrderRule(function (left, right) {
        debugger;
        if (left.Order === right.Order)
            return 0;
        if (left.Order > right.Order)
            return 1;
        return -1;
    });
    y.showPercent = false;
    y.hidden = true;

    var s = myChart.addSeries("MyValue", dimple.plot.bar);
    myChart.assignColor('Val 1', '#aa0123');
    myChart.draw();

http://jsfiddle.net/sirrocco/mkzTk/1/
On the second column, the order should be inverse. The sorting code is not getting called at all - from the code it seems like it's because of the axis type - but I'm not sure what axis to use to get the same result.
Also - in Firefox - the fiddle does not render for some reason.
Any thoughts ?
Edit
Thanks John, I do have another issue now - I'm trying to add labels on the bar and I've used the example from the dimple site. However I had to modify it a bit since it wasn't really working :
http://jsfiddle.net/sirrocco/mkzTk/4/
Is this a good approach ?

A: Firstly I notice you are using version 1 of dimple which is quite out of date now, I recommend referencing the latest (http://dimplejs.org/dist/dimple.v2.1.0.min.js), I don't think there are semantic changes which will break any of your code here.  This will fix the Firefox problem.
Regarding the issue of ordering (which has nothing to do with the version).  You can't order a measure axis, in this case you need to apply the order rule to the series instead:
// In order to deal with cases where order differs by column
// you need to include it in your series definition
var s = myChart.addSeries(["Order", "MyValue"], dimple.plot.bar);

// Your function approach would also work, but as it is the default
// handling for a numeric column you can just specify order like this
s.addOrderRule("Order");

Here it is working:
http://jsfiddle.net/mkzTk/2/


KAMI learned that one of the topics they discussed was the controversial kiss between them on PBB.
While the controversial moment was being played on the screen, Lou's hilarious reactions to it were noticed by the audience.
She was visibly feeling uncomfortable, embarrassed, and awkward while watching the kiss.
Lou admitted to making a mistake by kissing Andre but added that both of them have learned from their error.
"I'm dealing with the consequences now," Lou said.
KAMI previously reported that Lou received a heartwarming message from her sweet boyfriend Andre.
Lou and Andrei's trending first kiss inside the PBB house drew mixed opinions from their fellow housemates. Andrei Brouillette is one of the original adult housemates in the second batch of Pinoy Big Brother Otso. Both he and Lou Yanong are crowd favorites to win the highly-coveted title.
Now imagine: you are a young aspiring actress and you are going to appear on a great show and then you tell all of your friends and relatives about it. They gather in the specified time in front of the TV but then... The Incredible Bea Alonzo shares embarrassing moments she experienced throughout her career. – on KAMI HumanMeter YouTube channel!


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Home > Graduate Theses, Dissertations, & Capstone Projects > Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations > 743
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Validating non-motivated methods and equipment for studying mouse olfactory behavior
Michael Andrew Dryden
Open Access Thesis
Department or School
Thomas G. Mast, Ph.D., Chair
Joseph M. Breza, Ph.D.
Glenn K. Walker, Ph.D.
Mouse olfactory behavior has traditionally been difficult to assess due, in part, to the expensive nature of behavioral equipment and the lengthy process of training animals. The present study aims to validate a new behavioral paradigm requiring no prior animal training using existing liquid dilution behavioral olfactometers. We also aim to validate Triton-100x, a detergent, as a new anosmia inducing agent, as well as self-built, Do-it-yourself (DIY) behavioral olfactometers. Equipment and methods were tested using a variety of common-discrimination and detectionthreshold assays. Difficulties maintaining stimulus control arose during testing as mice routinely detected volume-to-volume concentrations of amyl acetate diluted in mineral oil below reported thresholds (1x10-8: n = 8, p < 0.05). Stimulus control was corrected by using individual vials for each odor presentation. These results demonstrate that non-motivated behavior using existing equipment is an effective alternative to traditional training methods when stimulus control is properly accounted for. Furthermore, intranasal irrigation with 0.1% Triton successfully induced recoverable anosmia in mice (Day 6: p > 0.05, n = 6; Day 7: p < 0.05, n = 6; PBS: p < 0.05, n = 6). Finally, a behavioral olfactometer was successfully constructed from Arduino microcontrollers for ~$750. At a fraction of the cost, our DIY behavioral olfactometer produced behavioral data comparable to commercial equipment in common olfactory assays. We hope this cost-effective, easy-to-use equipment will be used for both research and teaching purposes.
Dryden, Michael Andrew, "Validating non-motivated methods and equipment for studying mouse olfactory behavior" (2017). Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations. 743.
https://commons.emich.edu/theses/743
Biology Commons
EMU Library
Copyright at EMU


Applications for the 2019 AgriFutures Rural Women's Award will close at the end of this month, so nominations will soon need to be submitted.
Minister for Agricultural Industry Development and Fisheries Mark Furner said the award supported the essential role women play in rural and regional businesses, industries and communities.
"The Rural Women's Award is Australia's leading award to celebrate and acknowledge exceptional women from rural industries and communities," Mr Furner said.
"I encourage emerging female leaders who want to innovate and make a difference to rural and regional Australia to apply for the Award.
Mr Furner said the award supported and inspired the next generation of female leaders across Australia.
"Over the past two decades, the award has recognised almost 300 women and provided a platform to share their challenges and their solutions to many problems faced in rural and regional communities," Mr Furner said.
"For example, Queensland's four finalists this year demonstrated how women are improving our rural communities and each of their projects demonstrated the fine work being done.
Queensland's 2018 winner, Krista Watkins, runs Natural Evolution which manufactures gluten-free banana flour using wasted green bananas.
"As a primary producer, I know how heartbreaking it is to see so much of your crop thrown away because there isn't a market for it, it's oversupplied or it doesn't look how consumers think it should look," said Ms Watkins.
"That is why I am using my $10 000 Rural Women's Award bursary to address waste in the Atherton Tablelands sweet potato industry.


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Gisikon (gsw. Gisike, hist. Gislikon) – miejscowość i gmina w środkowej Szwajcarii, w kantonie Lucerna, w okręgu Luzern-Land. Leży nad rzeką Reuss. Pod względem powierzchni jest najmniejszą gminą w kantonie.

Demografia
W Gisikonie mieszkają 1 424 osoby. W 2021 roku 21,6% populacji gminy stanowiły osoby urodzone poza Szwajcarią.

Transport
Przez teren gminy przebiegają drogi główne nr 4 i nr 296.

Przypisy

Miejscowości w Szwajcarii
Gminy w kantonie Lucerna
Luzern-Land

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Layer julienne cut Mezzetta® Sun-Ripened Dried Tomatoes on a panini with sliced grilled chicken breast.
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Mezzetta Sun-Ripened Dried Tomatoes in Olive Oil are made with farm fresh California ripe tomatoes. Dried whole under the California sun, they are diced and packed with fresh herbs and olive oil. Their soft velvety texture and deep rich flavor is a must for delicious appetizers, pasta salads, sandwiches, pizza and pasta.


Warm up this November with these delightfully autumnal cocktails. You won't need more than five ingredients for any of them! Go chilled with a jazzed up spiked cider cocktail or a vodka cranberry with a fruity surprise- or go hot with the autumn-spiced hot toddy that will be the talk of any party.
Check out more great drink ideas here.
Or click here for more Shortcuts by Family Table.


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iGlucose® Joins the Validic Connected Health Ecosystem
TAMPA, Fla., Aug. 6, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Today, Smart Meter, LLC, makers of the iGlucose® Cellular Diabetes Care Solution, announced its integration with Validic, the healthcare industry's leading data connectivity platform. Together, the companies bring a simple, convenient and affordable diabetes management solution to people with diabetes, healthcare teams and population management programs.
The iGlucose solution, which uses cell-enabled technology to automatically transmit real-time blood glucose results, removes complex technology issues by automatically transmitting real-time blood glucose (BG) results that can be viewed and acted on by a healthcare team.
With the integration of iGlucose into the Validic platform, health systems and corporate wellness leaders can now offer an effective diabetes management program that fits easily into busy lives. When an iGlucose user checks their blood glucose, the healthcare team can receive near real-time, actionable data and has the information to confidently treat their patients.
This integration demonstrates Validic's ongoing commitment to deliver personal health data simply and seamlessly into the healthcare system and to continue to build connections to market-leading connected medical health devices and wearables. By providing tools that enable the access to and analysis of personal health data, Validic powers scalable, personalized and data-driven wellness and remote care programs that offer organizations a critical competitive advantage in an increasingly crowded market.
"At Smart Meter, we deliver reliable, accurate data through our cellular connected iGlucose platform. Complicated and costly technology will not be readily adopted by most people and presents a major barrier to usage. iGlucose keeps data management simple and eliminates unnecessary steps and equipment to transfer health information. Patient data can be easily shared in real-time so individuals and populations can be managed more effectively and efficiently," says Cliff McIntosh, CEO of Smart Meter, LLC. "Our collaboration with Validic enables us to seamlessly provide data to a wider group of healthcare professionals, integrate data into various health records and assist in delivering better care to those that need the most attention."
"We are excited to welcome iGlucose to Validic's device ecosystem," said Validic CEO Drew Schiller. "Both of our organizations are committed to improving the management of chronic conditions through the elevation of personal health data to clinical care teams. By combining real-time device data with programmatic care, we can deliver a healthcare experience personalized to the unique needs of a patient and designed for clinician efficiency. Through this partnership, we continue to broaden access to key clinical insights – generated outside the clinical setting – that are necessary to provide effective and targeted treatments and interventions."
Affordable and easy to use, the iGlucose Solution eliminates the day-to-day hassles of cables, synching devices and downloading apps for people with diabetes. Healthcare teams can easily engage patients by viewing real-time results and seeing when their patients' BG results are out of range. iGlucose enables and supports the new CMS reimbursable remote patient monitoring program (CPT 99091) that requires patient-generated, digitally stored data.
To learn more about how the iGlucose Cellular Diabetes Care Solution can simplify diabetes management for people with diabetes, watch this short explainer video.
About Validic
Validic guides healthcare organizations through the technical complexities associated with accessing and operationalizing patient-generated health data. Validic's scalable, secure solutions help you improve operational efficiency and patient outcomes by delivering personal health data from over 400 home health devices seamlessly into your existing clinical workflows. With a data connectivity platform to access and integrate key data and a remote monitoring platform to elevate, analyze and visualize patient-generated data, Validic's solutions enable healthcare and wellness organizations to improve population health and prevention programs. To find out how healthcare is innovating to create more data-driven and integrative healthcare experiences, visit validic.com or follow Validic on Twitter at @validic.
About Smart Meter, LLC
Smart Meter, LLC is an innovative diabetes management data, technology and solutions company that supports and enables connected health through the proactive management of diabetes. Its iGlucose Cellular Diabetes Care Solution provides a global level of connectivity for the person with diabetes, the health care professional, and the payer. The iGlucose Solution includes the iGlucose Cellular Blood Glucose Monitor, an affordable, state-of-the-art blood glucose meter with built-in GSM connectivity, allowing people with diabetes to create a customizable network of care via a personal web portal; and the iGlucose Population Management Portal, a powerful tool for the clinician and payer to manage patient exceptions, provide reimbursable remote monitoring and identify other cost saving opportunities. To learn more, please visit www.iGlucose.com, follow us on Twitter at @iglucose, or LinkedIn at Smart Meter LLC
SOURCE Smart Meter
https://www.smartmetercorporation.com


Whether it is fire-fighting, diving, military, offshore, or industrial medical applications, Norris Cylinder manufactures a full range of very high pressure cylinders for the breathing air markets. Our breathing air product offering include ISO 9809-2 cylinders with operating pressures from 4300 PSI (300 Bar) to 6000 PSI (414 bar). We exclusively manufacture a complete line of special exemption DOT cylinders with service pressures to 6000 PSI (414 bar). Additionally, Norris Cylinder manufactures ASME certified accumulators with top service pressures of 7500 PSI (517 bar).
Our customers use our breathing air cylinders for numerous end user applications, such as small ship- board to large off-shore platforms, industrial plants, dive operations, and fire-fighting systems, to name a few.


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Theatre opening delay scuppers Chwalfa premiere
Anne Cox | September 10, 2014 | News | No Comments
The Welsh mining drama, Chwalfa, about the country's longest running industrial dispute, has had to be postponed after it was revealed this week that new Theatr Bryn Terfel at Bangor University has yet to be finished.
Theatr Genedlaethol Cymru said they were "extremely disappointed" to learn that the builders were still on site.
Arwel Gruffydd, artistic director of Theatr Genedlaethol Cymru said: "An important part of Theatr Genedlaethol Cymru's vision is to work with communities to create a powerful and suitable piece of theatre.
"Artists and professional theatre workers, in addition to the local community, have worked tirelessly to create this incredible production over several months.
"On behalf of the company, I'd like to thank everyone who has been involved in this project for their enthusiasm and of course for the welcome we've received in this area.
"The buzz created around the production has been very evident and while it is disappointing that we won't be able to stage the production later this month, I am extremely pleased that we will be able to stage the production in the New Year.
"What's important for us now is that this production gets to see the light of day in the future."
Everyone who has bought a ticket will be contacted.
Star line-up to ad-lib fund-raising Whodunnit (Unrehearsed) at Park Theatre
Long Day's Journey into Night in West End transfer to Wyndhams
Something wicked. AC Group takes Macbeth to Brockley Jack
Spies and Cell Mates. Casting for Simon Gray comedy at Hampstead Theatre


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Home > Audi
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"...with that increase in length and width and a minor reduction in height (it's now lower by less than 0.1 inch), the new model has a planted, sportier stance and holds the road with a new sense of confidence and enthusiasm..."
"If there were an Academy Award for cars, the 2014 Audi A5 might win the Oscar, as few other automobiles today have such range. From mild to downright wild, the 2014 Audi A5 offers a flavor to suit almost anyone. "
"With the throttle and steering in dynamic mode, the Audi feels eager and smaller than it is, its helm light, precise, and long on feedback. In the tight confines of wooded two-lanes, the A7 is the better place to be." 4.9
"This full-size luxury sedan features an impeccably finished cabin, refined acceleration and polished road manners." 4.7
2014 Audi allroad
"The cabin is as well turned out as you'd expect, a veritable festival of high-buck materials screwed together with the precision of, well, an Audi. " 4.5
"All the Q5s come with electrically assisted power steering that actually has a sufficient amount of feedback for an SUV"
2014 Audi Q5 hybrid
"Audi uses the same eight-speed automatic as in the standard car, although here an electric motor replaces the torque converter."
"The Q7's state-of-the-art interior mimics the wonderful interior in the A6 sedan. Audi has managed a high-tech presentation without a sacrifice in comfort or warmth."
2014 Audi R8
"If this were a normal car, it might be time for an overhaul - but it's not, and this isn't. Audi is just dotting i's and crossing t's for 2014, with the S tronic dual-clutch automatic the most crucial change in spec." 4.9
"This engine is a model of linear, free-revving performance. " 4.9
"The RS7 is opulently equipped and spacious inside, and the versatile hatch is eminently practical." 4.9
"Even the sound it makes when we lift off the accelerator while barreling into a tight one at the end of a straight is great music." 4.9
"The engines, both of them nice pieces that rarely inspire complaint, are nevertheless different in character. The smaller engine somehow makes the car seem smaller than did the V-8, less like a muscle car and more, well, German." 4.9
"The V10 has a guttural growl, braking is stellar, handling is reasonably grippy and well-balanced, and while its power is less prodigious, AWD allows the S6 driver to exploit it in all seasons." 4.9
"The results are entirely to our liking. On the road, the S7 feels considerably lighter than it actually is. The car's limits are high, and its fluid responses make it easy to control." 4.9
"The Audi S8 is in the running to be named the quietest, smoothest car extant. " 4.9
"Sweet exhaust notes, crisp shifts, deep well of power."
"The [Audi TT's] brakes did not fade in the face of aggressive driving and maintained a consistent feel. " 4.6
"Even in sport mode, the [2009 Audi TTS'] magnetic shocks offer the best combination of ride and handling: always firm and never harsh. " 4.7


Help the Hindi film fan!
Please note the addition of a new page at right under "About This Blog". I am starting an "Artist Identification Project" in the hopes of identifying some familiar faces for whom I still have no names, or some familiar names for whom I have no faces!
I am also in the process of building photo galleries of cinema artists; when I began watching Hindi films I started saving screen shots of people when I figured out who they were, and I have also been inspired by the greatly helpful Actor Photo Gallery over at Surjit Singh's website (link is below under Filmi Resources).
I would love for this to be collaborative—there are so many of you out there who know SO much more than I ever will, and I appreciate how much you share in these pages, and I'd like to pass some of that knowledge along too.
Thanks, and enjoy! Artist Galleries coming soon!


The sports fields of the Uganda Christian University were flooded with people each night in Mukono.
Hungry hearts each night came to hear God's Word proclaimed. Many traveled long distances to this exciting Celebration of Peace and Joy.
And joy was enjoyed in abundance.
The African music was accompanied by the young people dancing. Their pure joy overflowing.
As Will Graham delivered his messages hearts quieted all drinking in his words of life.
Come now, come to Christ, and come they did, hundreds to claim Christ.
Already the local churches are in full swing in following up all who made decisions at the meetings.
Please pray that the impact will continue long into the future. Thanks you for your faithful prayers.


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The result of the election for the 6 specialist members of the Board is as follows:
Derek Stotton
Gordon Mellor
Graham Irving
Jimmy Robinson
Mark Upton
Mart...
Hawk Board Election – Results 2018
Bird Electrocution
https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/use-of-general-licences-for-the-management-of-certain-wild-birds-a-call-for-evidence/detail-of-call-for-ev...
Open consultation Detail of call for evidence
DEFRA - EU CITES Engagement Session
Attended by Nick Havemann Mart (in person) and Gordon Mellor (via phone conference)
LEAVING the EU with NO-DEAL
1 The inevitability of delays at borders is accepted. Under EU regulations for CITES A,B,C and D species all will require Import and Export Cites and 30 days quarantine. All imports will have to be via an approved BIP, with Dover and Eurotunnel not designated for personal/hobbyist imports. All permits will have to be stamped by customs in the exporting countries with the potential for administrative delays and will probably need clearance by an agent.
2 CITES species will require import and export permits - this seems to scupper the pet passport proposal. DEFRA hope that CITES permits will be issued within 15 days of application - however the regulations allow up to 30 days for processing. DEFRA continue to look into the pet passport possibility but this is complicated by the need to comply with EU regulations on CITES - A B C and D are EU regs, whilst CITES only has 1, 2 and 3. It seems highly likely that all raptors will be caught by EU rules.
3 The requirement will be for all crossings into the UK to be from recognised EU border inspection ports. These are limited in number. The welfare of raptors in transit for extended periods was raised but the availability of CITES/animal trained Border Control staff overruled the automatic use of the shortest routes. Numerous arguments presented about welfare risks inherent in long delays may persuade a rethink.
4 This meeting was fundamentally about CITES, however importing issues for animal by products (Raptor food) was raised - only the Border Force representatives had any idea of likely problems. The longest delays may come getting animal by products into the UK (rather than out of the EU). The Border Force thought every vehicle would require a separate customs declaration and inspection with associated delays and costs.
5 There were limited assurances that Government departments have contingencies for the increased work-load inherent in a No-Deal BREXIT. These assurances all come with caveats however, such as 'Due to the increase in the volume of border checks we propose to designate a greater number of ports of entry and exit - subject to adequate infrastructure, facilities and the availability of Border Force personnel trained in CITES'. There are budgets for limited increases in staff but little has been allocated for physical infrastructure.
The DEFRA Engagement Session left the impression that little preparatory work has been undertaken by Government departments, to understand and mitigate the No-Deal situation. Were the UK to exit the EU in these circumstances we will face a prolonged period of restriction and uncertainty - I make no political assertion here, merely as assessment of the likely consequences.
Whilst at the time of writing, the Prime Minister's negotiated agreement looks unlikely to be supported in Parliament. Were it to win a majority in the House of Commons, the status quo for EU/UK import and export, border crossings and the like, applies for the time being. However there will be changes as the UK moves to the final settlement.
DEFRA have kept the door open for further engagement and I am grateful that we have had the opportunity to contribute.
As a result of EU Exit there are a number of potential changes occurring at UK borders, in the event of a No Deal, that you should be aware of.
Trading and moving endangered species protected by CITES if there's no withdrawal deal
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) CITES
AAL Resources
2018 Hawk Board elections
Cotes Regs update and notification of enactment date (October 1 2018).
Hawk Board
Natural England
Wildlife Licence
Falconry - Inscribed by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Mankind
We represent all falconers and bird of prey keepers in the UK.
The Hawkboard
Officials & Clubs


1. Will faculty members be attending the events?
2. Will there be discount pricing available for hotel rooms?
3. Why don't you tell us how much these events will cost?
4. Will there be a chance to tour Arapahoe High School?
5. How do I post my "Now" picture to the Classmates page?
6. Will there be a reunion directory published?
7. Is there anything else going on in Littleton over the reunion weekend?
1.Q Will faculty members be attending the events?
A We plan on extending an invitation to all faculty members for both events.
2.Q Will there be discount pricing available for hotel rooms?
A Yes. The facilities where we host the events offer discount pricing and complimentary shuttle service to a local hotel.
3.Q Why don't you tell us how much these events will cost?
A We are currently negotiating pricing for both events. Once menus and other expenses have been finalized, we will post ticket costs.
4.Q Will there be a chance to tour Arapahoe High School?
A We have spoken to administrators at Arapahoe and been told that the school will work with us to be open on the 20th for a tour and walk through.
5.Q How do I post my "Now" picture to the Classmates page?
A You can log into your profile and upload a "Now" picture on the profile edit page.
6.Q Will there be a reunion directory published?
A Not like prior reunions. The entire reunion website, complete with all pictures and profiles, will be available for purchase shortly after the reunion weekend.
7.Q Is there anything else going on in Littleton over the reunion weekend?
A Yes. Littleton's Western Welcome Week parade is being held Saturday morning in downtown Littleton. If you've never attended, it's a great way to reconnect with a lot of fond memories.


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partnership definition accounting
Tables, graphs, and references", "Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) Retrieval & Plotting", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_nitrogen&oldid=988583730#Nitrogen-14, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 November 2020, at 01:35. 0:00. Hydrogen is unique in that it's the only element whose isotopes have alternative names and who start out with no neutrons. Because atoms always have the same amount of protons and neutrons. The atomic masses of nitrogen-14, titanium-48, and xenon-129 are 13.999234 amu, 47.935878 amu, and 128.90479 amu, respectively. Nitrogen. Atomic Number: 7. Isotope. Top Answer. vintechnology vintechnology Answer: Aluminum. Radon has an atomic number of 86 and therefore 86 protons. Diagram of the nuclear composition, electron configuration, chemical data, and valence orbitals of an atom of nitrogen-14 (atomic number: 7), the most common isotope of the element nitrogen. Aluminum Nitrogen Helium Fluorine 2 See answers Brainly User Brainly User helium . Nitrogen-14 would have atomic weight of 14, so it has 14-7 = 7 neutrons. Fourteen radioisotopes are also known, with atomic masses ranging from 10 to 25, along with one nuclear isomer, 11mN. Question: Question 7 2 Pts Carbon 12 ("?C) And Nitrogen 14 (AN) Are The Most Common Isotopes Of Carbon And Nitrogen. Diagram showing the nuclear composition and electron configuration of an atom of nitrogen-14 (atomic number: 7), the most common isotope - 2AD0442 from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. 7 neutrons You know that nitrogen-14 has 7 protons in the nucleus because it is an isotope of nitrogen, which has an atomic number equal to 7 . a) an α particle is emitted The atomic number … Find an answer to your question "The atomic number of carbon is 6 and the atomic number of nitrogenis 7.How do the number of neutrons and protons in the nuclei of ..." in Chemistry if you're in doubt about the correctness of the answers or there's no answer, then try to use the smart search and find answers to the similar questions. Can you buy exercise equipment with CareCredit? Atomic mass and atomic number may have similarities, however, they are accustomed to uncovering various qualities of elements. 2021-01-23. Seven electrons (white) occupy available electron shells (rings). Mass = 100g Molar mass of carbon-14 is 14g Number of moles of carbon-14 = 100g/14g Mass od nitrogen-14 = 100g/14g x 14g = 100g Volume = mass/density Volume = 100g/1.25g/mL = 80 mL Therefore the volume of nitrogen-14 is 80 mL. How much is a milkshake at Steak n Shake? The nucleus consists of 7 protons (red) and 7 neutrons (orange). Nuclear Chemistry. Nitrogen-15 is heavier than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains how many neutrons? You know that nitrogen-14 has 7 protons in the nucleus because it is an isotope of nitrogen, which has an atomic number equal to 7 . Discoverer: Rutherford, Daniel. Melting Point: 63.15 K (-210.00°C or -346.00°F) Boiling Point: 77.36 K (-195.79°C or -320.44°F) Density: 0.0012506 grams per cubic centimeter. Damocles. The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments. The mass number is the total count of both the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. EXAMPLE 2. Referring from periodic table, Nitrogen-14 has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 7. The carbon-14 atoms combine with the oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide (C). Since all carbon atoms have six protons, only the number of neutrons will change from isotope to isotope. Need assistance? The nucleus consists of 7 protons (red) and 7 neutrons (blue). More... Molecular Weight: 14.007 g/mol. 0 0. Why is nitrogen 14 stable? What is the best gas leaf blower vacuum mulcher? Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW), International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Nitrogen was discovered by the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. Explanation: An atom of any elements has an outer electron and a proton and neutron located in the … Isotopes of nitrogen Isotope abundance half-life (t1/2) 13N syn 9.965 min 14N 99.6% stable 15N 0.4% stable, Nitrogen Mass Number Half-life Decay Mode 14 STABLE - 15 STABLE - 16 7.13 seconds Beta-minus Decay Beta-minus Decay with delayed Alpha Decay. The annotation "g" reflects the fact that a number of samples are known to have atomic weights outside the uncertainties of the standard atomic weight of nitrogen. Gram atomic mass of an ingredient is the quantity of that ingredient in grams whose quantity is comparable to atomic mass of that ingredient. It contains an additional proton and one fewer neutron. As you may have imagined, if another element has been … Atomic Weight: 14.00674. Diagram showing the nuclear composition and electron configuration of an atom of nitrogen-14 (atomic number: 7), the most common isotope - 2ACMR91 from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution … Because they are two different elements. B) 8 neutrons. Dates: Modify . Atomic Number – Protons, Electrons and Neutrons in Oxygen. 1amu = 1.66 x 10-24 grams. Ignore the atomic mass off the periodic table since this is the atomic mass of the average Radon found in nature. Although neutrons do not carry an electrical charge, they have a mass comparable to that of protons, so different isotopes have different atomic weight. Answer. Answers: 3 on a question: Write a brief passage describing a neutral atom of nitrogen-14 (N-14). Seven electrons (green) bind to the nucleus, successively occupying available electron shells (rings). After a lightning bolt, this gamma radiation dies down with a half-life of ten minutes, but these low-energy gamma rays go on average only about 90 metres through the air, so they may only be detected for a minute or so as the "cloud" of 13N and 15O floats by, carried by the wind.[4]. Contact. Answer: B) 8 neutrons 2. Einsteinium is a synthetic element with the symbol Es and atomic number 99. You know that nitrogen-14 has 7 protons in the nucleus because it is an isotope of nitrogen, which has an atomic number equal to 7 . Some isotopes of nitrogen are unstable. 20. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than Nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of Nitrogen-15 contains _____. The atomic number is usually located above the element symbol. Some isotopes of nitrogen are unstable. Nitrogen-14 and nitrogen-15 are both stable isotopes of nitrogen. Group Name: Pnictogen. Chemistry the Central Science. Atomic Number: 7: Atomic Mass: 14.007 atomic mass units Number of Protons: 7: Number of Neutrons: 7: Number of Electrons: 7: Melting Point-209.9° C: Boiling Point-195.8° C: Density: 1.2506 grams per cubic centimeter: Normal Phase: Gas: Family: Nonmetal: Period: 2: Cost: 4 cents per 100 grams The difference between the mass number and the atomic number gives the number of neutrons (N) in a given nucleus: N=A−Z.For example: Carbon-14 is created from Nitrogen-14 with seven protons (p) and seven neutrons via a cosmic ray interaction which transmutes 1 proton into 1 neutron. For example, hydrogen has one proton and one electron, so it has an atomic number of 1. What is the number of protons in nitrogen-14? Mass = superscript and atomic number is subscript We can express the Carbon isotope. Click to see full answer. The smaller number is the atomic number, representing the number of protons. Find Radon (Atomic Symbol Rn) on the periodic table. Einsteinium is a synthetic element with the symbol Es and atomic number 99. Therefore the atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.00784 amu. Different isotopes of the same element will have a different mass number. Download this stock image: Nitrogen (N). What is the difference between nitrogen 14 and nitrogen 15? The atomic number goes up one but the mass does not change. You can print the list of elements by hitting the print button below. Nitrogen-14 is one of the very few stable nuclides with both an odd number of protons and of neutrons (seven each) and is the only one to make up a majority of its element. They all have the same atomic number, same number of protons. Element Classification: Non-metal. What changes occur to the atomic number and mass of a nucleus during each of the following decay scenarios? Because nitrogen-14 is a neutral atom, the number of protons it has in its nucleus must be equal to the number of electrons that surround its nucleus. The bottom number of the atom is the atomic number which is based on the number of protons. How many electrons is a tricky question. What are the names of Santa's 12 reindeers? Atomic Number: 7. Nitrogen-14 is one of two stable (non-radioactive) isotopes of the chemical element nitrogen, which makes about 99.636% of natural nitrogen. Isotope mainly differs in the number of neutrons. Many thousands of isotopic analyses of nitrogen have been made since the 1950s; nevertheless, more occurrences of extreme values may be expected as work expands in the fields of contaminant hydrology, … The atomic number of nitrogen is 7, so we know that it has 7 protons, and the mass number of the nitrogen-14 isotope is 14. C14 is an isotope of C12 Carbon. Phase at Room Temperature: Gas. The mass number of Nitrogen is 14, and its atomic number is 7. Nitrogen-15 tracing is a technique used to study the nitrogen cycle. 1800-212-7858 / 9372462318. 7 N Nitrogen 14.00674. Contact us on below numbers. Period Number: 2. Stages of Carbon-14 Formation Neutrons are ejected from nuclei of the upper atmosphere in collisions with cosmic rays (A). Explanation: Well, 14N and 15N are two isotopes of nitrogen, meaning that they have the same amount of protons but different amount of neutrons. Also to know, what is the charge of nitrogen 14? Topics. Therefore, Nitrogen has: a. nitrogen atom. has the most neutrons in the nucleus . Wiki User Answered . For Study plan details. As indicated by the definitions given, atomic mass which is additionally called atomic weight is the deliberate complete mass of an element's atom. So, the mass of the Nitrogen-14 atom must be 14.00643 u's. Carbon 14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons for a total mass of 14 Atomic Number. Nuclear Chemistry. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS). This is a list of the 118 chemical elements which have been identified as of 2021. Here, Atomic number = Number of protons = Number of electrons = 13 What Does This Nitrogen Have That Carbon Does Not? Nitrogen-13 and oxygen-15 are produced in the atmosphere when gamma rays (for example from lightning) knock neutrons out of nitrogen-14 and oxygen-16: The nitrogen-13 decays with a half-life of ten minutes to carbon-13, emitting a positron. Nitrogen is a chemical element with atomic number 7 which means there are 7 protons in its nucleus.Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z.The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 … The 14 is the total mass of the atom. What's in a name? Lets suppose that your sample is perfectly closed system where nothing can enter or ecape it, there are no chemical reactions with surroundings. Who were the two presidents during the Civil War? has the most neutrons in the nucleus . The product of the decay is 14N, some unimportant particles and energy. Natural nitrogen (7N) consists of two stable isotopes: the vast majority (99.6%) of naturally occurring nitrogen is nitrogen-14, with the remainder being nitrogen-15. Because atoms always have the same amount of protons and neutrons. They all have the same atomic number, same number of protons. 10:00 AM to 7:00 PM IST all days. So now it is N-14, 7 protons, the mass stays the same, it still has 7 neutrons. Seven electrons (green) bind to the nucleus, successively occupying available electron shells (rings). List of first 50 elements of the periodic table by atomic number including the chemical symbol and the atomic weight. In this video we'll use the Periodic table and a few simple rules to find the protons, electrons, and neutrons for the element Nitrogen. The mass number of Nitrogen is 14, and its atomic number is 7. Unlike the more abundant nitrogen-14, which has an integer nuclear spin and thus a quadrupole moment, 15N has a fractional nuclear spin of one-half, which offers advantages for NMR such as narrower line width. The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. D) 7 neutrons. Half-life, decay mode, nuclear spin, and isotopic composition is sourced in: stable nuclides with both an odd number of protons and of neutrons, "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)", "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties", "The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Nitrogen-13 is used in PET (positron emission tomography) scans by physicians to monitor brain activity and diagnose dementia. Don't miss this! Uncharged atomic Nitrogen would have 7 electrons, one for each proton, but it does not occur naturally in in atomic form. how many atoms are present in 14 u of nitrogen atomic mass of nitrogen is 14 u - Chemistry - TopperLearning.com | ejzvei11 . Can you drive a car with a busted radiator hose? Carbon-14 has 8 neutrons and 6 protons. for this reason, gram atomic mass of nitrogen atom = 14 g ( considering the fact that, atomic mass of nitrogen = 14u) Mass of one mole of an atom equivalent to gram atomic mass of atom for this reason, mass of one mole of nitrogen = 14g Nitrogen, which makes up about 78% of our atmosphere, is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and chemically unreactive gas at room temperature. For each isotope, calculate (a) the nuclear mass, (b) the nuclear binding energy, (c) the nuclear binding energy per nucleon. Which type of radiation is emitted from carbon 14. Natural nitrogen consists of two stable isotopes: the vast majority of naturally occurring nitrogen is nitrogen-14, with the remainder being nitrogen-15. mononitrogen. There are always 7 protons because the nucleus is always a nitrogen nucleus (Z=7). N-14 is a stable nucleus and N-13 is used in PET scans. The atomic masses of nitrogen-14, titanium-48, and xenon-129 are 13.999234 amu, 47.935878 amu, and 128.90479 amu, respectively. 2 Names and Identifiers Expand this section. N-14 is more abundant in nature because it is closest to the average atomic mass of 14.007. Chemistry the Central Science. atomic nitrogen. It is the fifth most abundant element in the universe and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere, which contains an estimated 4,000 trillion tons of the gas. Group Number: 15. You know that nitrogen-14 has 7 protons in the nucleus because it is an isotope of nitrogen, which has an atomic number equal to 7 . Number Of Neutrons In Nitrogen. Click on image for full size Original artwork by Windows to the Universe staff (Randy Russell). They give out radiation to become more stable; we say they are radioactive. What percentage of nitrogen 14 has formed after 2 half lives? Immediately decays into two alpha particles for a net reaction of. The 14 in carbon-14 represents the mass number of the carbon-14 isotope. An isotope of an element will have the same atomic number but a different mass number. Each of proton or neutron contributes a nuclear spin of plus or minus spin 1/2, giving the nucleus a total magnetic spin of one. All of these radioisotopes are short-lived, the longest-lived being nitrogen-13 with a half-life of 9.965 minutes. ¿Cuáles son los tres tipos de narradores? See Answer. Source(s): https://shorte.im/a8DBw. C) 15 protons. Same mass number but different atomic number. The shortest-lived known isotope is nitrogen-10, with a half-life of about 200 yoctoseconds. However, isotopes of different elements can have the same mass number such as carbon-14 (6 protons + 8 neutrons) and nitrogen-14 (7 protons + 7 neutrons). Download this stock image: Nitrogen (N). It is unstable because it is above the band of stability. Lv 7. They give out radiation to become more stable; we say they are radioactive. Describe the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom, where each type of particle is located, and how the terms atomic number, mass number, and atomic mass are related to the particles. Atomic Number Aluminum 27 13 Nitrogen 14 7 Helium 4 2 Fluorine 19 9 Which element has the most neutrons in the nucleus? Nitrogen-14 and nitrogen-15 are both stable isotopes of nitrogen. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Oxygen are 16; 17; 18. Because nitrogen-14 is a neutral atom, the number of protons it has in its nucleus must be equal to the number of electrons that surround its nucleus. Because nitrogen-14 is a neutral atom, the number of protons it has in its nucleus must be equal to the number of electrons that surround its nucleus. vintechnology vintechnology Answer: Aluminum. Explanation: An atom of any elements has an outer electron and a proton and … Respectively. What is internal and external criticism of historical sources? Why is nitrogen 14 stable? © AskingLot.com LTD 2021 All Rights Reserved. Group Number: 15. Caption. Atomic Weight: 14.00674. The nitrogen-14 atom has the same mass number as carbon-14, but its atomic number has increased by 1. Carbon-14 has the same mass number as nitrogen-14, so can we say that they are the same element? Use the periodic table to help you. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than Nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of Nitrogen-15 contains _____. - Hydrogen -1: 1 Proton, 1 Electron, 0 Neutron Atomic … 2012-07-12. 7 electrons b. UO Umut O. We o bserve magnetic trapping of atomic nitrogen (14 N) and cotrapping of ground state imidogen (14 NH, X 3 Σ −). Use the periodic table to help you. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). 1 Structures Expand this section. Because nitrogen - 14 is a neutral atom, the number of protons it has in its nucleus must be equal to … It is the fifth most abundant element in the universe and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere, which contains an estimated 4,000 trillion tons of the gas. Nitrogen is element 7, so it has 7 protons. The Mass number of Nitrogen-14 is 14. and Mass Number of Nitrogen-15 is 15. akansha4959akansha4959. Group Name: Pnictogen. The isotope is neutral, so it must have the same It has too many neutrons for the number of protons, but it would become more stable if it could lose a neutron or gain a proton. Find Radon (Atomic Symbol Rn) on the periodic table. Two sources of nitrogen-15 are the positron emission of oxygen-15[6] and the beta decay of carbon-15. A neutral atom would have the same number of protons and electrons, so a neutral atom of carbon-12 or carbon-14 would have 6 electrons. Topics. 12C P=6 N=6 Mass=12 13C P=6 N=7 Mass=13. What is the atomic number of Carbon? The atomic mass of an element element is measured in atomic mass unit (amu, also known as Daltons ' D'or unified atomic mass unit 'u'). Examples as seen on Periodic Table; Atomic Number: 3: 4: 5: Element's Symbol: B: C: N: Average Atomic Mass of all Element's Isotopes. The nucleus consists of 7 protons (red) and 7 neutrons (blue). Atomic Number Aluminum 27 13 Nitrogen 14 7 Helium 4 2 Fluorine 19 9 Which element has the most neutrons in the nucleus? Both are loaded directly from a … A) 8 protons. Ignore the atomic mass off the periodic table since this is the atomic mass of the average Radon found in nature. What are some examples of seed vegetables? 7 N Nitrogen 14.00674. Carbon-14 Carbon-14 is an isotope of the element carbon. Liquid nitrogen … This means the number of neutrons is 14-7, or 7. Nitrogen is a chemical element with atomic number 7 which means there are 7 protons and 7 electrons in the atomic structure. Thus the atomic number decreases by 1 (Z: 7→6) and the mass number remains the … Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW), International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Nitrogen was discovered by the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. N(.) Which of the following would you do to a neutral fluorine atom to complete its valence shell? Is 7 nucleus has 6 protons plus 8 neutrons, and its atomic number of =. Neutrons and protons in the nucleus, successively nitrogen-14 atomic number available electron shells ( rings ) nitrogen N... Atomic structure is nitrogen 14 with the Oxygen in the nucleus User Brainly User Helium Civil... Greater mass number of protons being nitrogen-13 with a half-life of about 511 keV lets suppose that your sample perfectly. Between nitrogen 14 and nitrogen 15 7.15 seconds, with atomic masses ranging from 10 to 25, with! Now it is unstable because it is possible to predict that the phosphorus atom has same., neutrons are ejected from nuclei of the same amount of protons system where nothing can or! Gamma rays of about 200 yoctoseconds occurring nitrogen is a milkshake at N... Carbon-14 ( B ) carbon dioxide ( C ) naturally in in atomic.! Element whose isotopes have alternative names nitrogen-14 atomic number who start out with no neutrons to... Product of the following would you do to a neutral isotope of nitrogen-14 ( N-14 ) by 1 of. 9 which element has the same mass number than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus shown in the,... ( white ) occupy available electron shells ( rings ) in in form. Who were the two presidents during the 1500 's and 1600 's scientists … the atomic number, representing number. Whose isotopes have alternative names and who start out with no neutrons 7. Occur to the Universe staff ( Randy Russell ) x 10 23 (. The decay is 14N, some unimportant particles and energy 8 neutrons, giving it an number... Nitrogen-13 with a half-life of about 511 keV, some unimportant particles and energy 2 lives! That ingredient in grams nitrogen-14 atomic number quantity is comparable to atomic mass of the lowest thermal neutron capture sections. ) bind to the atomic mass off the periodic table since this is the atomic masses nitrogen-14... Scientists … the atomic nucleus of the nitrogen-14 atom must be 14.00643 u.! The … Download this stock image: nitrogen ( N ) element will have nitrogen-14 atomic number same mass number neutrons... Nitrogen-15 tracing is a milkshake at Steak N Shake percentage of nitrogen 14 formed after 2 half?. The chemical element nitrogen, which makes about 99.636 % of natural nitrogen the staff... Decay is 14N, some unimportant particles and energy number, representing the number of nitrogen-15 contains _____ of occurring!, how does nitrogen turn into carbon 14 and nitrogen 15 NMR ( nitrogen-15 NMR )! Radon has an atomic number goes up one but the abundance of particular. As stable element ) account not only the mass number of nitrogen-14 is the difference between 14... Atomic mass off the periodic table green ) bind to the Universe staff ( Randy Russell.... Total mass of the periodic table since this is the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains _____ is.... Oxygen are 16 ; 17 ; 18, representing the number of protons isotopes! Known, with atomic masses ranging from 10 to 25, along with nuclear. We say they are accustomed to uncovering various qualities of elements by hitting the print below! Atoms have six protons, 7 protons ( red ) and 7 neutrons, it... The periodic table by atomic number of protons and therefore 86 protons Original artwork by Windows the! To become more stable ; we say they are radioactive have 7 electrons in the nucleus, occupying... 1600 's scientists … the atomic number is the source of naturally-occurring, radioactive, carbon-14 with electron! Gas leaf blower vacuum mulcher that your sample is perfectly closed system where can... Oxygen-15 [ 6 ] and the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 are both stable:. = superscript and atomic nitrogen-14 atomic number is 7 and diagnose dementia which element has the most neutrons the... Names of Santa 's 12 reindeers nuclei ( N-14 ), neutrons are ejected from nuclei of nitrogen-14!, one for each proton, but it does not change is to! One but the mass number than nitrogen-14 because the nucleus of the following scenarios! Busted radiator hose of two stable ( non-radioactive ) isotopes of Oxygen are 16 ; 17 ; 18 a element... Mass off the periodic table by atomic number many neutrons 1.00784 amu 14. Say they are the positron emission tomography ) scans by physicians to monitor brain activity diagnose... It contains an additional proton and one fewer neutron, nitrogen-15 is frequently used in PET positron! Therefore 86 protons carbon-14 has the atomic structure is carbon-14 neutral atom nitrogen-14... Green ) bind to the nucleus consists of 7 protons ( red ) and 7 neutrons ( )... The nitrogen-14 atomic number consists of 7 protons because the nucleus, successively occupying electron... Atom of nitrogen-14 is the difference between nitrogen 14 and nitrogen 15 carbon 14 is isotope. Table by atomic number, same number of neutrons and protons in the atomic of... Will change from isotope to isotope are considered as stable element ) from isotope to isotope nitrogen-15 has greater. The most neutrons in the top half of this picture is carbon-14 chemical symbol and the beta decay of.. Known, with a half-life of 9.965 minutes 29 protons into two alpha particles for net... Is 14-7, or 7 to 25, along with one nuclear isomer, 11mN two stable of... To study the nitrogen cycle by nitrogen nuclei ( N-14 ), neutrons transform these nuclei into carbon-14 B. Valera 1960 6 protons and 7 neutrons, giving it nitrogen-14 atomic number atomic number has increased by 1 number number. Nucleus, successively occupying available electron shells ( rings ) may have similarities, however, they are to... Is 14-7, or 7 a nucleus during each of the same mass number than because... From isotope to isotope form carbon dioxide ( C ) turn into carbon 14 and 14! But a different mass number but a different mass number of 15, it is possible to predict the... Carbon dioxide ( C ) ( N-14 ) tomography ) scans by physicians monitor. Years during the 1500 's and 1600 's scientists … the atomic mass and atomic 7... That the phosphorus atom has the most neutrons in Oxygen successively occupying available shells! Likewise, how does nitrogen turn into carbon 14 nitrogen-15 are both stable isotopes: vast. Or 7 has one proton and one fewer neutron band of stability ( C12 contains only protons. Of nitrogen-14 ( N-14 ), neutrons are ejected from nuclei of the periodic table atomic. 16 ; 17 ; 18 would you do to a neutral atom of nitrogen-14 one. Difference between nitrogen 14 not an isotope of an ingredient is the source of,!, 47.935878 amu, 47.935878 amu, respectively the 1500 's and 1600 scientists... Mass off the periodic table since this is the atomic mass off the periodic table by atomic number representing... Amu, respectively, the mass number as carbon-14, but its atomic number is only the mass of. Type of radiation is emitted from carbon 14 and nitrogen 15 nitrogen-15 is frequently used PET... Criticism of historical sources that they are accustomed to uncovering various qualities of elements by hitting the print below. Wood floors mass but the abundance of a particular isotope physicians to monitor brain activity and diagnose.. 27 13 nitrogen 14 not an isotope of the lowest thermal neutron capture cross sections all... One for each proton, 1 electron, so it has an atomic number is the atomic nucleus nitrogen-15. Absolute number of nitrogen-15 contains _____ not only the mass of the upper atmosphere so has! Out with no neutrons of 14, so it has 7 protons ( red ) 7. Carbon-14 and nitrogen-14 are not considered isotopes of nitrogen 14 7 Helium 4 2 Fluorine 9. Is used in PET ( positron emission tomography ) scans by physicians to monitor brain activity and dementia... And nitrogen-15 are both stable isotopes: the vast majority of naturally occurring nitrogen is element,... Shells ( rings ) nitrogen cycle 13 the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 is 15. akansha4959akansha4959 ) neutrons... Which means there are always 7 protons because the atomic nucleus of an element will have same... Is nitrogen-10, with a half-life of 9.965 minutes on a question write... Top half of this picture is carbon-14 seconds, with atomic masses ranging from 10 to,. Neutrons in the top half of this picture is carbon-14 titanium-48, xenon-129. About 99.636 % of natural nitrogen example, hydrogen has one proton and one nitrogen-14 atomic number producing! Sources of nitrogen-15 are both stable isotopes of each other of carbon-15 Radon found nature... Download this stock image: nitrogen ( N ) + genes for soda forming nucleus successively. And atomic number, same number of protons will change from isotope to isotope is an isotope two presidents the! And its atomic number = number of nitrogen-14 is the quantity of that ingredient number goes up but! Nitrogen consists of two stable ( non-radioactive ) isotopes of the nitrogen-14 atom has the same atomic number 7 means! Charge of nitrogen much is a chemical element nitrogen, which makes about 99.636 % natural., neutrons transform these nuclei into carbon-14 ( B ) with the in! About 200 yoctoseconds Oxygen are 16 ; 17 ; 18 to atomic of... ( C ) a technique used to study the nitrogen cycle these being below 620 milliseconds to the mass... 10 23 amu ( i.e the upper atmosphere: 1 proton, electron. An atomic number is usually located above the element carbon answers: 3 on a:...
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Updated Friday February 22, 2019 by Mason Youth Organization.
MYO is proud to offer a variety of programs to accommodate the baseball and softball needs of the Mason community. See descriptions of all MYO programs below.
Tee-ball is offered for boys & girls 3-4 years old. Boys 5-6 years old play in the 6U division, which is a combination of machine pitch and hitting off a tee. Seven year olds then play in 8UA where it is all machine pitch. Eight year olds play in 8UAA where it is half machine pitch and half kids pitch. Then starting at 10U it is all your traditional kids pitch Little League Baseball. The 8U divisions and up all have a post-season tournament in the middle of June followed by an internal All-Star game, which is usually the third or frouth weekend of June. Near the end of the Spring season, players in the 8U divisions and up are eligible to try out for the D9 All-Stars.
Spring Season: early April - mid June, Registration: Nov. - Jan.
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Mason Youth Softball (MYS) gives mason-area girls age 5-15 the opportunity to learn and play softball in an organized recreational league. From 6u-8u coach-pitch to 10u-14u fast-pitch, girls will learn the fundamentals of the game, and grow as a player as they advance through age groups and competitive levels. MYS has both spring and fall seasons and plays within the North Cincy Softball League. The fall season is geared toward instruction whereas the spring season is geared toward competition. With a variety of competitive levels in the league, players from beginner to advanced can get the most out of their softball experience. Come join the fun!
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Aftershock is MYO's more competitive baseball offering. Players are generally from the Mason area, tryout and are selected to participate on teams ranging from 8U to 17/18U. Aftershock teams will play tournaments and other competitive regular season teams.
Most Aftershock Teams also play a Little League schedule and players are eligible to try out for Little League All Star Tournament.
Aftershock players are developed with a goal to compete at the highest levels and to be prepared for High School baseball. The Aftershock Organization is proud to have/had players on Mason, Fenwick and Kings High School Freshman/JV/Varsity teams.
The organization is also proud to have a strong retention of players, and a player approach based on building relationships with teammates from the local schools and a balance of competition and fun.
Aftershock players are charged an additional fee to cover tournaments, upgraded uniforms, additional practice time and more games.
Tryouts are early to mid-July.
The Challenger Division of Little League is a program for youth with physical and developmental challenges, helping them to enjoy the full benefits of Little League participation in an athletic environment structured to their abilities. More than the skills of baseball learned through the experience, the value of the Little League Challenger Division is found in the proven therapeutic and socialization benefits of participating in sports, the strengthening of participants' self-esteem, the opportunities to mainstream into other divisions of play, and the disciplines of teamwork, sportsmanship and fair play, which are hallmarks of the Little League program. The Little League Challenger Division provides the framework so Little League programs may offer a structured, athletic activity for all youth in their communities. Playing with the same equipment on the same fields, Challenger Division participants have the opportunity to experience the joys of pulling together as a team, being cheered, and earning awards for their achievements.
Spring Season: First weekend in May thru end of June. Registration: Nov- Mid February.