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Tesla Model S Misses Out on IIHS Top Safety Pick
I guess you can't have it all.
byCaleb Jacobs| UPDATED Feb 1, 2017 4:33 PM
Caleb JacobsView caleb jacobs's Articles
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Once priding itself for being the safest car in the US, the Tesla Model S has fallen short of IIHS criteria to be considered a Top Safety Pick. Recent tests determined the Model S to be less safe than some noteworthy electric competitors including the BMW i3 and Chevrolet Volt. This comes as a result of the IIHS testing a variety of fields including small overlap frontal crashes and rollovers, among others.
The Model S owes its troubles to a few different factors. First, its real heavy. The car's overall weight contributed to its problems in the crash test, proving to be too much for its roof in case of a rollover crash. All of the extra battery packs in high-range models only increase this number, making it a bigger issue than previously expected. A precarious seatbelt issue is also being looked into by the manufacturer, another point raised by the IIHS.
In response to these results, Tesla released the following statement:
"We proactively develop updates and aggressively implement changes onto the production line in record time any time there is a substantial benefit to customer safety. One of the improvements recently introduced in January 2017 specifically addresses the "Acceptable" (or second highest) rating that the Model S achieved in the small overlap frontal crash test, and we expect new tests to yield the highest possible rating ("Good" rating) in the crashworthiness category.
Additionally, IIHS tested a vehicle that was in transition with new Autopilot hardware, but without the new software that enables Automatic Emergency Braking. In the coming weeks, Automatic Emergency Braking will be deployed via a free over-the-air software update, and IIHS will be testing a new vehicle. We expect to receive the highest possible rating in every category, making Model S eligible for the IIHS Top Safety Pick award."
Tesla invests a lot of trust into their active safety systems including Autopilot and Automatic Emergency Braking. These are planned to increase the car's safety dramatically, though we didn't get to see that play out in this case. System advancements are being made to put the Model S back on top, placing itself once again at the top of the IIHS' list.


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Влади́мир Лео́нтьевич Снегирёв ( — ) — советский москвовед, историк московского зодчества, член Союза архитекторов, кандидат архитектуры.

Состоял членом учёного совета Музея истории и реконструкции Москвы.

Творческая деятельность
В. Л. Снегирёв начал печататься ещё в 1905 году. С 1928 года по день смерти им было издано более двадцати книг, посвящённых различным отраслям искусствоведения. Семь из них вышли в издательстве «Московский рабочий», остальные — в Госполитиздате, Военгизе, Госстройиздате, «Молодой гвардии» и др.

Работы по истории Москвы
  (в пер.)
  (обл.)

  (обл.)
 Аристотель Фьораванти и перестройка Московского Кремля.
 Храм Василия Блаженного.
 Иван III и его время.
 Архитектор А. Л. Витберг. — М.-Л., 1939.
 Зодчий В. И. Баженов.

Другие исторические работы

 Адмирал Ушаков.
 Адмирал Сенявин.

Литература

См. также
 Музей истории города Москвы
 Стеллецкий, Игнатий Яковлевич
 Сытин, Пётр Васильевич

Архитекторы СССР
Краеведы по алфавиту
Краеведы Москвы
Кандидаты архитектуры
Историки СССР

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Inspired by the continuity of lines, this range seek a feeling of infinitude through the engraved lines on the furniture fronts. When placed together, the lines become extended until they meet with the vertical lines coming across each front. Simplicity and neatness are essential aspects that make this collection fit into any space.
© 2019 CAMBRES DESIGN. All Rights Reserved.


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Q: How to do an on-item-changed for an NSPopUpButton? I'm trying to implement a system that changes a label based on the state of an NSPopUpButton.
So far I've tried to do what's displayed in the code below, but whenever I run it, the code just jumps into the else clause, throwing an alert
- (IBAction)itemChanged:(id)sender {
    if([typePopUp.stringValue isEqualToString: @"Price per character"]) {
        _currency = [currencyField stringValue];
        [additionalLabel setStringValue: _currency];

    }
    else if([typePopUp.stringValue isEqualToString: @"Percent saved"]) {
        _currency = additionalLabel.stringValue = @"%";
    }

    else alert(@"Error", @"Please select a calculation type!");
}

So does anyone here know what to do to fix this?

A: @hamstergene is on the right track, but is comparing the title of the menu item rather than, say, the tag, which is wrong for the following reasons:

*

*It means you cannot internationalize the app.

*It introduces the possibility of spelling mistakes.

*It's an inefficient comparison; comparing every character in a string takes way longer than comparing a single integer value.

Having said all that, NSPopUpButton makes it difficult to insert tags into the menu items, so you need to use the index of the selected item:
Assume you create the menu items using:
[typePopUp removeAllItems];
[typePopUp addItemsWithTitles: [NSArray arrayWithObjects: @"Choose one...", @"Price per character", @"Percent saved", nil]];

Then create an enum that matches the order of the titles in the array:
typedef enum {
    ItemChooseOne,
    ItemPricePerCharacter,
    ItemPercentSaved
} ItemIndexes;

And then compare the selected item index, as follows:
- (IBAction)itemChanged:(id)sender {
    NSInteger index = [(NSPopUpButton *)sender indexOfSelectedItem];
    switch (index) {
    case ItemChooseOne:
        // something here
        break;
    case ItemPricePerCharacter:
        _currency = [currencyField stringValue];
        [additionalLabel setStringValue: _currency];
        break;
    case ItemPercentSaved:
        _currency = @"%";               // See NOTE, below
        additionalLabel.stringValue = @"%";
        break;
    default:
        alert(@"Error", @"Please select a calculation type!");
    }
}

NOTE the following line was incorrect in your code:
_currency = additionalLabel.stringValue = @"%";

Multiple assignment works because the result of x = y is y.  This is not the case when a setter is involved.  The corrected code is above.
EDIT This answer was heavily edited following more info from the OP.

A: To query the title of currently selected item in NSPopUpButton:
NSMenuItem* selectedItem = [typePopUp selectedItem];
NSString* selectedItemTitle = [selectedItem title];

if ([selectedItemTitle isEqualTo: ... ]) { ... }

Note that comparing UI strings is a very bad idea. A slightest change in UI will immediately break your code, and you are preventing future localization. You should assign numeric or object values to each item using -[NSMenuItem setTag:] or -[NSMenuItem setRepresentedObject:] and use them to identify items instead.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Clarissa is generally regarded by critics to be among the masterpieces of eighteenth-century European literature. Harold Bloom cites it as one of the most central and influential novels in the English literary tradition. The novel was well-received as it was being released. However, many readers pressured Richardson for a happy ending with a wedding between Clarissa and Lovelace. At the novel's end, many readers were upset, and some individuals even wrote alternative endings for the story with a happier conclusion. Some of the most well-known ones included happier alternative endings written by two women called Lady Bradshaigh and Lady Echlin. Richardson felt the story's morals and messages of the story failed to reach his audience properly. As such, in later editions of the novel, he attempted to make Clarissa's character appear purer while also Lovelace's character became more sinister in hopes of making his audience better understand his intentions in writing the novel.


Showing results by author "Frank Wu"
Diversity is no longer a black and white issue. As our world becomes smaller and smaller, the issues of gender, class, and ethnicity as they pertain to the global culture are more important now then ever. In this frank discussion learn how broadening your sense of diversity can lead to success in business and beyond.


I definitely experience reading fatigue, especially after a long semester of being an English major and taking many literature and history classes. Though I love reading, constantly being forced to read dense works does make it feel like a chore. Usually when I begin a break I take a few days or weeks to have some time away from reading until I feel refreshed and ready to read again.
Great post– I can really relate!
In undergrad and grad school, reading all the literature and history lessons was incredibly overwhelming. Even then I would carve out time for pleasure reading (usually a chapter before bed), but the best reading time was over breaks. I hope you're able to get some "fun books" read soon!
I love this idea! I finally broke my reading slump this month by reading a quick, fun rom-com read and then the newest release from my ultimate go-to author. It really helped! I also have been thinking forward to next year and my reading/blogging resolutions. It makes me feel good to have some kind of plan starting to form.
So glad to hear that, Lauren! Yeah, I'm starting to formulate (obviously, with this post) an idea of what my reading will look like next year, and what my goals can be from that. Hitting the reset button feels so good.
That's so neat, Alexa! We need to find the joy in reading, without all the extra dazzle and promotion pre-publication. Mid- and back-list deserve some love too.
I love this plan, I definitely want to concentrate on my own shelves. I have a couple completed trilogies that I haven't even started! And I don't properly binge anymore either. Before I blogged/joined twitter, I used to reread more often, and read less books but longer series: Outlander, ASOIAF, Thursday Next, etc. And I read a lot more adult historical fiction. I want to get back to that too.


Following the Indian government's approval of Apple's request to open retail stores in the country, Apple is planning to launch three stores in India over the course of the next 18 months.
Apple will open Apple-branded retail stores in Delhi, Bangalore, and Mumbai before the end of 2017, according to a source that spoke to Indian website FactorDaily.
A team of more than 40 Apple executives and employees is said to be searching for ideal real estate locations for the three stores, each of which will span more than 10,000 square feet and will be located at "high street locations." Apple is planning on investing $3-5 million per store.
indian_flag At the current time, Apple has no retail stores in India and instead sells its products through third-party distributors in the country. India has decided to exempt Apple from a policy that requires foreign stores to source at least 30 percent of their goods from domestic suppliers, opening the door for the first retail stores.
While Apple will be able to open Apple Stores in India, a second request to import refurbished iPhones, which it could sell at lower price points, was recently denied. India, like China, is seen as a largely untapped market for Apple, and the company is eager to gain a stronger foothold in the country.
In addition to retail stores, Apple is planning to open a $25 million technology development site in Hyderabad, India, which will house more than 125 employees and focus on maps development. Apple is also said to be planning to unveil a startup accelerator in India, designed to incubate ideas for new iOS apps.
Tim Cook is planning to visit India this week, where he is expected to announce the accelerator and perhaps the new retail stores.
Posted on May 16, 2016, in #international, #retail, Other. Bookmark the permalink.	Leave a comment.


I recommend placing your Jiffy 7's on a layer of capillary matting. This absorbs water and releases it slowly, cutting out the need for such regular watering.
We use it on all our sowing beds at Perch Hill.
https://www.sarahraven.com/gardening_kit/feeding_watering/capillary_matting.htm 279061 Capillary Matting https://sarahraven.images.blucommerce.com/sarahraven/product/279061.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&w=200&h=200&fit=crop&s=05bb778894083fa5259526d81a3788ac 8.95 GBP 8.95 InStock Gardening Kit/Feeding & Watering Gardening Kit/Sowing and Growing Kit Gardening Kit Inspire Me This Month in your Garden/March This Month in your Garden I recommend placing your Jiffy 7's on a layer of capillary matting. This absorbs water and releases it slowly, cutting out the need for such regular watering. We use it on all our sowing beds at Perch Hill.


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Calliostoma kampsa is een slakkensoort uit de familie van de Calliostomatidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1927 door Dall.

Calliostomatidae


Hungarian Settlement-Harvest Dance and Festival the 1st weekend of October.
Olde World Bakery -Located on the north side of the interstate. You take the 1st street to the right and you will see the bakery on the left in about 150 yards.


On the border of Mulgore, Desolace and Stonetalon Mountains there's a rather large plateau which seems rather peaceful but on closer inspection tells a very different story. It makes me wonder what happened here to make these seemingly normal looking mice, rabbits and prairie dogs mutate into something unexpected. I've heard of fighting cats and dogs but this is something you need to see to be believed.
The critters randomly mutate by growing a lot larger than normal, some suddenly sporting helmets and other weapons to do battle or exterminate other species.
Beware of battle-armoured prairie dogs with spiked pit helmets and daggers, axe-wielding rabbits ready to pounce on unsuspecting enemies and how about those mice wearing skull helmets and dual wielding shotguns.
Perhaps just one of many easter eggs discovered by players or something to look forward to in Mists. Either way, I'm sure they had fun adding this in-game.
I demand a non-combat pet like this!!!
Maybe they're preparing for MoP, when they'll get to do battle as well as the larger heroes of Azeroth?


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Harem Scarem: Thirteen | FESTIVALPHOTO
Harem Scarem: Thirteen
Frontiers/PGM
Canadian band HAREM SCAREM was formed out of the ashes of BLIND VENGEANCE and MINOTAUR by guitarist Pete Lesperance and vocalist Harry Hess, the other members being bassist Mike Gionet and drummer Darren Smith (these days vocalist in Jake E Lee´s Red Dragon Cartel). As anyone will figure the band has now reached their thirteenth studio album, not counting the first demo and the re-visitation of "Mood Swings" in 2013. As often there has been a few people coming and going, but today´s version of the band still has Harry and Pete at the helm, backed by bassist Stan Miczek and apparently Darren on drums. This album was, as many, a result of a pledge music campaign.
Opener "Garden of Eden" is a fine opener, and probably the one I would have chosen myself. The riff displays some agile guitar work, the arrangement is great and the refrain is both mature and lingering. They show signs of THUNDER is "Live It", which is more Rock´n´Roll, as well as blues in e.g. "Stardust". There are a few average tracks, like "Early Warning Sign" and probably the guitar dominated "Saints & Sinners". But songs like "Stardust", with great guitar work, the refrain of "Never Say Never" and, especially, the bluesy and presumed live favourite "Troubled Times" must cement their reputation of a really good act in their genre.
You should check this out, it is sports a fine mix of hard rock, MOR and bluesy grit.
Early Warning Sign
The Midnight Hours
www.frontiers.it www.haremscarem.net
Skribent: Mikael Johansson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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You are at:Home»News»Plantronics Polycom deal is done
Plantronics Polycom deal is done
By AVNation Staff July 2, 2018 No Comments
Plantronicom rises
According to the press release below, Plantronics has closed on the $2 billion deal that puts Polycom under the peripheral maker. The deal was first announced in March of this year. It was just two years ago Polycom was sold to the private-equity firm Siris Capital. Our UCC program, Connected, covered the acquisition. Watch here.
According to EVP of Engineering for Plantronics Don Williams "Polycom and Plantronics together have limitless potential."
Press Release below.
SANTA CRUZ, Calif., July 2, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Plantronics (NYSE: PLT) announced today that it has completed its acquisition of Polycom. The acquisition of Polycom will accelerate and expand Plantronics' vision and enable it to deliver the broadest portfolio of end points in the Unified Communications and Collaboration (UCC) ecosystem.
"We are pleased that Plantronics and Polycom are moving ahead as one company focused on putting people at the center of every collaboration experience," stated Joe Burton, Plantronics' President and Chief Executive Officer. "Plantronics now offers an unparalleled portfolio of integrated, intelligent solutions that spans headsets, software, desk phones, audio and video conferencing, and cloud services. This combined offering empowers people with the tools and flexibility they need to create the best experience when connecting to what is most important to them."
UCC and team collaboration technology are unlocking human potential at work and at home. With this acquisition, Plantronics is focused on voice, video, content, and cloud solutions for every place that technology touches people as they work, share, collaborate, and play. As trends in enterprise communications move toward open workspaces and flexible work arrangements, the ecosystem of platforms and devices continues to expand. With the addition of Polycom's leading portfolio, Plantronics can offer a premium experience regardless of the UCC solutions selected by the customer.
"The combination of Plantronics and Polycom comes at a critical time when customers are searching for high-quality audio and video solutions that are easy to buy, easy to use, and easy to manage," said Ira M. Weinstein, Founder, Recon Research. "The company's offerings work with on-premises, cloud (service provider) and hybrid platforms, giving customers the flexibility to choose their deployment method and cloud migration timing. In addition, its global channel and technology partner ecosystem fosters both innovation and global reach. We're expecting great things in the future from the new and expanded Plantronics."
Plantronics expects the acquisition to be immediately accretive to Non-GAAP earnings per share and believes it can achieve annual run-rate cost synergies of $75 million within 12 months. Non-GAAP earnings per share may exclude charges related to stock-based compensation, purchase accounting adjustments, acquisition and integration costs, restructuring and other related charges, litigation settlements, as well as the tax impact of these items and any discrete tax adjustments.
Under terms of the acquisition agreement, Plantronics acquired Polycom at a $2.0 billion enterprise value with the total consideration consisting of approximately $1.638 billion in cash and 6.352 million Plantronics shares, resulting in Triangle Private Holdings II, LLC, which was Polycom's sole shareholder, owning approximately 16.0% of Plantronics following the acquisition. Under the terms of the transaction, Frank Baker, Co-Founder and Managing Partner, Siris Capital Group (an affiliate of Triangle Private Holdings II, LLC), and Daniel Moloney, Executive Partner, Siris Capital Group, were appointed to Plantronics Board of Directors and have been nominated for election by Plantronics' stockholders at the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
In conjunction with the closing of the acquisition, Plantronics today completed the financing of the transaction through a $1.275 billion term loan priced at LIBOR plus 250 bps, maturing in July 2025 ("Term Loan"). Proceeds of the Term Loan, along with cash on hand, were used to finance the acquisition as well as pay related fees and expenses. Additionally, Plantronics concurrently replaced its existing $100 million credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. ("Wells Fargo"), with a new $100 million credit facility. Wells Fargo led the new Term Loan facility, as well as the replacement of the existing credit facility and will act as administrative agent for both the Term Loan and new credit facility. Foley & Lardner LLP acted as outside legal counsel for Plantronics. Further details regarding the terms of the Term Loan and new credit facility are outlined in Plantronics' Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed today with the Securities and Exchange Commission.


Smash Events presents Asian Event Mascots, Pirate Parties and More to social, corporate and healthcare events.
A Tribute to the 'Gipsy Kings'. . with a High Profile Celebrity client List. . from Trio to 8 Piece Available for bookings.. . .
Borders Ceilidh Band specialise in providing ceilidh music for weddings, parties, corporate events, fundraising and other functions.


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Kouloughlis
Title: Kouloughlis
Subject: Turks in Algeria, Turks in Libya, Turks in Tunisia, Ethnic groups in Tunisia, Ethnic groups in Libya
Collection: Ethnic Groups in Algeria, Ethnic Groups in Egypt, Ethnic Groups in Libya, Ethnic Groups in Tunisia, Ottoman People, People of Arab Descent, Turkish Diaspora in Africa, Turkish Words and Phrases
Kuloughlis
~13 000 000
Regions with significant populations
Arab World except Morocco
Kouloughlis, also spelled Koulouglis,[1] Cologhlis and Qulaughlis (from Ottoman Turkish kuloğlu "children of slaves", kul "slave" + oğlu "son of") was a term used during the Ottoman period to designate the creole offspring of usually Turkish men and Arab women.[2][3][4]
The phrase comes from the fact that the rulers of the Ottoman Empire conquered much of Arab world and sent Turkish colonizers to Ottoman Algeria, Ottoman Egypt, Ottoman Libya, and Ottoman Tunisia. Unlike the Franco-Algerians (pieds-noirs) and the North African Jews, descendants of the Kouloughlis have largely integrated into their local societies after independence.
^ Britannica (2012), Koulougli, Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
^ Daumas 1943, 54.
^ Ruedy 2005, 39.
^ Lorcin 1999, 2.
Pied-Noir
Arab-Berber
Turks in Algeria
Turks in Egypt
Turks in Libya
Turks in Tunisia
Boyer, Pierre (1970), "Le problème Kouloughli dans la régence d'Alger", Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 8: 77–94
Daumas, Eugène (1943), Women of North Africa: or "The Arab Woman", Indiana University Press, .
Lorcin, Patricia M. E. (1999), Imperial Identities: Stereotyping, Prejudice and Race in Colonial Algeria, Indiana University Press, .
Ruedy, John Douglas (2005), Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation, Indiana University Press, .
Turkish people by country
Traditional areas of
Turkish settlement
Muhacir
Turkish Cypriot diaspora
Meskhetia
Western Thrace
Ada Kaleh
Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire
Turkish population
Turks in Europe
Turks in the Arab world
Turks in the Balkans
Turks in the former Soviet Union
Ottoman people
Ethnic groups in Algeria
Ethnic groups in Libya
Ethnic groups in Tunisia
Ethnic groups in Egypt
Turkish words and phrases
Turkish diaspora in Africa
Ottoman Empire stubs
Turkish people, Turkish language, Ottoman Empire, Algiers, Algeria
Turkish people, Turkish language, Libya, Ottoman Empire, Islam
Turkish people, Ottoman Empire, Mahdia, Tunis, Turkish language
Berbers, Berbers in Tunisia, Sephardi Jews, Zenata, Bedouin


Journey's orchestral score has been nominated for a Grammy award.
The haunting soundtrack to thatgamecompany's adventure topped iTunes charts, is available in a boxed collector's edition, and was penned by composer Austin Wintory, who seems a bit stunned by the nomination.
"Well I don't really have words right now," he said on Twitter.
Journey is nominated in the category Best Score Soundtrack For Visual Media, alongside The Adventures Of Tintin – The Secret Of The Unicorn; The Artist; The Dark Knight Rises; The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo; and Hugo.
The 55th Grammy Aawards will be held on February 10. Congratulations and good luck to Wintory, thatgamecompany and Sony.
Journey released via the PlayStation Network this year and is the best-selling PSN release of all time in addition to winning near universal critical acclaim.


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Lady Tigers in the fINAL 4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Discussion in 'The Tiger's Den' started by LSUstudent, Mar 29, 2004.
LSUstudent Founding Member
Geaux Tigers!!!!!!!!!! :lsug: :lsug: :lsup: :lsup: :lsup: :lsug: :lsup: :lsup: :lsug: :lsup: :lsup:
LSUstudent, Mar 29, 2004
WestCoastTiger Founding Member
Congratulations to the LSU Lady Tigers advancing to the Final Four for the first time in school history. Going to New Orleans. Haven't we won a NC in that city this year already? Geaux Tigers....
WestCoastTiger, Mar 30, 2004
cajdav1 Soldiers are real hero's
and for going through Jawja again to get to New orleans.
cajdav1, Mar 30, 2004
StaceyO Football Turns Me On
Is 2004 the Chinese Year of the Tiger? Do we have it going on or what?
StaceyO, Mar 30, 2004
MALONE121212 Founding Member
Congrats to the lady tigers!!! The mark of the TIGER will def. be left in N.O. in 2004
MALONE121212, Mar 30, 2004
lsu99 whashappenin
StaceyO said:
I think the year of the Tiger comes every 12 years on that Chinese zodiac. I think the last one was the year of the collapse for Dinardo (Faulk's senior year) but I've attempted to block that from my memory forever. We were preseason top 10 that year and I was telling everyone it was the year of the Tiger. I never brought it up again after about a month.
Gutsy, gritty performance by the women. Georgia seemed to be the more talented team but we wanted it just a little bit more than them.
lsu99, Mar 30, 2004
Ellis Hugh Space Wrangler
2004 is the year of the Monkey.
Ellis Hugh, Mar 30, 2004
MiketheTiger69 Founding Member
I sincerely hope not. Every time it's been the Chinese Year of the Tiger we've fallen flat on our asses. If I remember correctly, the first time that was brought up was 1974 when Mac installed the veer and Mike Miley left. We had to go with Carl Otis and after a great start against Colorado, things just went to s&*t, with no passing game and a bunch of injuries. Then in '84, Arnsparger's first year, we went 8-3-1. Then in '94 with Curly, we all know that story. So, yes, I guess it is and maybe this year really will be our year. The possibility of 7 NC's exist as of now.
Maybe it is every 12 yrs. If so, then in '86 we won the SEC under Arnsparger and then in '98 the DiNardo regime began to fall apart. So that would make the next YOT in 2010.
:helmet: :lsug: :geaux: :champs: :helmet: :lsug: :geaux: :champs:
MiketheTiger69, Mar 30, 2004


A NEW MOVIE TIE-IN EDITION of Crewe's popular first novel—life & love in a small town!
Lexie Ivy cherishes her little Cape Breton house and her big family, but at 30, she's starting to feel like something's missing. Enter a charming backpacker, an irresistible man, a sprawling family—told in Crewe's whip-smart style!


Giving gifts to loved ones late in life is a meaningful way to make family and friends feel cherished. Gifts of real estate to family and friends may show appreciation, but a gift of real estate made late in life to a family member or caretaker can raise several red flags. Is the donor susceptible to fraud or undue influence by the recipient of the gift? Does the donor have sufficient mental capacity to make the gift? To address these red flags, courts require certain documentation or evidence if a gift is contested.
Courts will not assume the gift is a product of fraud or undue influence if a "certificate of independent review" is executed with the transfer. A certificate of independent review shows the court that an independent attorney consulted with the person making the gift about the nature and consequences of the gift and attempted to determine if the intended gift was the result of fraud or undue influence. This consultation must occur out of the presence of the any heirs or proposed recipients. The certificate is signed and given to the person making the gift.
The court will not assume the donor's family members and cohabitants received gifts from a dependent adult by fraud or influence. (Cal. Prob. Code , § 21382.) However, gifts to family members and cohabitants will be invalid if the family member or cohabitant drafted the transfer document themselves. Family members and cohabitants are also subject to claims that the donor's gift was subject to fraud or undue influence. (Cal. Prob. Code, § 6104.) They may also be subject to a claim that the donor did not have sufficient mental capacity to make the gift.
To prove undue influence, one must show the donor acted under excessive persuasion that overcame his/her free will. In California, the court will assume undue influence occurred if the party contesting the gift can prove three elements: (1) the existence of a confidential or fiduciary relationship between the donor and the person allegedly asserting undue influence over the donor, (2) active participation by the alleged influencer in the creation of the transfer document, and (3) an undue benefit on the alleged influencer (typically the receipt of the gift).
A gift may also be contested on the basis of the donor's lack of mental capacity at the time the gift was made. The court can consider testimony and documentation showing the donor may or may not have been mentally competent to make the gift while alive.
Gift of real estate to family members and caretakers can be complicated and raise red flags that the donor, recipient, or other family members did not intend to face. If you are contemplating giving a gift to a family member or caretaker, receiving a gift from a family member, or contesting a gift to a donor's family member or caretaker, please contact one of the experienced attorneys at Lonich Patton Ehrlich Policastri. We offer a free half-hour consultations.


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This generation is that of the years 1770 and 1780.
The psalm of the previous generation, that of the years 1750 and 1760, is the last of a series of fifteen psalms called « Song of Degrees ». The first « canticle of degrees » is Psalm 120 and the last Psalm 134. In fact we have seen that Psalm 119 was a double psalm which is the closing of three series of forty psalms (if we consider Psalm 119 as two half-psalms, each associated with a generation of twenty). Each series of forty psalms corresponding to one of the three periods of forty days of fasting of the Jews in the desert when leaving Egypt following the three major faults of the Jewish people in the desert.
Thus the second half-generation of Psalm 119 would normally correspond to the one hundred and twentieth generation of the night. Now we know as we have said in the generations associated with Psalm 41 and 81 that the first three periods of 40 generations of the night correspond to the three fasts of Moses in the wilderness that we can recall (this had been described in the development of Psalm 81). Thus, as we mentioned in Psalm 120:
Moses refers to three periods of fasting for forty days to support the people of Israel with God in order to prevent their extermination because of the three faults committed:
When the people of Israel quarrel at Refidim to obtain water (the waters of Meriba)
When the people of Israel, led by Aaron, erects the Golden Calf,
When the people of Israel were afraid to return to the promised land when the explorers returned.
The first 40-day fast corresponding to the golden calf was mentioned in Psalm 40 (corresponding to the end of the fasting of Moses linked to the golden calf). Indeed the reaction of the Maccabees to this generation puts an end to the long idolatrous wanderings of the Jews in the land of Israel which had largely marked the first generations of the night and which would lead to the destruction of the two temples of Jerusalem comparable to the two tables of the Law broken by Moses.
The second fasting of forty days, as we mentioned in Psalm 81, corresponds to the waters of Meribah and the end of the corresponding forty-day fast of Moses. At the end of this period Moses struggling against Amalek is helped by the arrival of the Muslims in the generation 81 to avoid an all-powerful Christianity that would have been fatal for the Jews. The Muslims being braked themselves in their advance so that they can not dominate the world, which would also be fatal for the Jews.
The third fast, as we mentioned in Psalm 119, is the end of the illusion that the Jewish people can exist outside the promised land. This evolution [1] is materialized by in 1453, an action of the Jews implanted in the Land of Israel who send emissaries in diaspora to push their brothers in exile to carry out their aliyah. 1453 marks the hinge between the Middle Ages and modern times.
Thus at the end of this third period of forty generations the Jewish people washed away the faults of the desert, and thus is a mature people to return to their land. This return is the object of the last 30 generations. The last wandering of the Jews before their return to their land is done in two stages. A first period of fifteen generations during which the Jews who left the pseudo promised land of Spain are distributed in the rest of the world and in particular in Northern Europe with first settlements in North America.
During this period their situation of pariah evolves slowly towards a progressive integration. This is the subject of the fifteen Psalms with the subtitle « Song of the Degrees », each of the associated generations is a step towards an emancipation of the Jews in the image of the long crossing of the desert which transformed their ancestors of slaves into free men ready to take possession of their land.
This completed phase is the reconquest of the promised land which is the goal of the next fifteen generations which begins with the present generation.
Psalm 119 materialized the shift from the Middle Ages to modern times. In these modern times, the present generation is that of the shift towards the emancipation of peoples with the consequent emancipation of Jews in the main countries affected by the spirit of enlightenment. This is obviously not the end of the tribulations of the Jewish people. If the attacks with a religious background are destined to disappear, a more insidious anti-Semitism will remain until leading to the catastrophes of the twentieth century demonstrating that the time of the wandering must end.
But this generation is indeed a pivotal generation, which in the line of the Age of Enlightenment, is that of the Declaration of Independence of the United States, the French Revolution and the Edict of Tolerance of Joseph II which are three events that seal the emancipation of the Jewish people. This emancipation, associated with an anti-Semitism that does not disappear, facilitates the return to the promised land which will be the long and difficult result of the next fifteen generations, the last of the night.
Thus, this pivotal role of this generation is found in the construction of the psalm. Indeed, the shift between the world before and the world after is materialized by the fact that the psalm of this generation is almost a fusion of the psalm of the previous generation, the generation 134 and that of the next generation, the generation 136.
This pivotal generation is the one that sees the world swing from nations ruled by royal dynasties to nations that will be governed directly by their people or at least by their elected representatives.
This political shift is also the starting point for these new nations of the industrial revolution accompanied by a revolution of ideas, which is the result of the Age of Enlightenment.
Religious dogmas, mainly Catholic dogmas, could have been a brake on this industrial revolution and ideas. By reintegrating religious beliefs into the private sphere, the Enlightenment allows the emergence of the modern world which unfortunately will fail to be the best of all worlds.
Thus [2] the political thoughts of John Locke and Montesquieu influence American insurgents whose belief that America is a sovereign state. The struggle against English power first
made economic considerations, such as the Boston Tea Party of 1773, where settlers sank English boats laden with tea, which England wanted to impose on America. The struggle then turns into a war of independence.
At the same time Thomas Jefferson writes the
declaration of independence of the future United States which is voted on July 4, 1776. In Saratoga in 1777, then in King's Mountain, in 1780, the English are defeated. The Franco-American victory of Yorktown in October 1781 is decisive. In 1782, the British Parliament opened negotiations and in September 1783 a treaty was signed in Paris between the belligerents: the United States is recognized as sovereign and independent. It is the first people who wants to be governed by the principles of the Enlightenment. Others will want to imitate it.
In this generation, Moses Mendelssohn, whose notoriety is recognized both in the Jewish community and in German philosophical circles, has a decisive influence on the future of European Jewry.
He is for a middle position between Jewish orthodoxy and the Christian will of conversion, he translates in German the Pentateuch and other religious works to put them within reach of all German Jews.
Without denying his origins and heritage, he advocated a more modern and open Judaism imbued with Aufklärung, the German version of the lights. Refusing assimilation, it will later be blamed for having widely opened this way to the Jews of Germany and Europe. In fact, with one exception, all his descendants will convert to Christianity.
But for the generation that interests us, Mendelssohn proves to be a brave and effective defender of the Jewish cause with a strong desire for integration, not assimilation, of his co-religionists in civil society.
The French Revolution, which closes this generation, completes these events that will allow the emergence of modern nations and the emancipation of the Jews.
This shift due to the spirit of the Enlightenment was largely relayed by the Freemasons, who were more easily than others do not take into account religious dogmas to advocate a religious tolerance that equals everyone regardless of his beliefs.
George Washington, one of the main actors of American independence or the drafting of the American constitution was Freemason. Many were also Freemasons among those who worked for the French Revolution or the German reform that will lead to the emancipation of Jews in Germany as well.
This is why the psalm of this generation is initialized by a reminder of the terms used in the preceding psalm to describe the actions of the Freemasons in the implementation of the ideas of the Enlightenment:
(extract of the psalm 135 associated to this generation, verses 1 and 2 )
Hallelujah, praise the name of the Lord, praise, you servants of the Lord,
Who stand in the house of the Lord, in the courts of the house of our God.
However, if the end of pariah condition for Jews is commendable, the fate of the Jewish people is not exile. Moreover, the following generations will show that the temptation to merge within nations is doomed to failure.
This is why the psalmist recalls in the pursuit of the psalm the destiny of the Jewish people, the chosen people, who are to return to their land:
Praise God for the Lord is good; sing to His name because it is pleasant.
For God chose Jacob for Himself, Israel for His treasure.
Behind the Enlightenment, there is hope for man to control nature definitively.
Thus in 1752, thanks to Benjamin Franklin, one of the co-founders of the declaration of independence of the United States, the first lightning rods are installed in Philadelphia. Isaac Newton had a few generations ago defined the rules of universal gravitation. Previously everything was explained by the divine will, the Enlightenment rationalizes our universe and therefore hopes to master it eventually.
It is then that a new natural event takes place in the previous generation, which upsets the spirits: the earthquake of Lisbon, which shakes a land attached to obscurantism.
Yet a few decades ago, in the 1670s, Spain and Portugal had the opportunity to turn the page of obscurantism:
Suddenly [3], , at the court of Portugal, as in the entourage of the Pope, an attempt was made to break the power of the Inquisition. At the head of this opposition was a Jesuit father, Antonio Vieira, very skilful and very fine, who showed a marked predilection to the Jews and Marranos.
While in Amsterdam, he attended the sermons of Jewish preachers and had friendly
relations with Manasseh ben Israel and Aboab. The Inquisition condemned him to remain locked up (…) and deprived him of the right to vote and to preach. Once released, Vieira thought of taking revenge for the Holy Office; he found active and intelligent auxiliaries in the members of his order. To undermine the influence of the Holy Office with the Pope, he went to Rome, on the other hand the provincial of the Jesuits at Malabar, Balthazar, submitted to the regent of Portugal, Don Pedro, a plan to reconquer the Indies and whose success, according to him, depended on the assistance of Marranian capital. The conclusion was that it was necessary to spare people who could become so useful.
In Rome, the efforts of Antonio Vieira and the Jesuit Order against the Inquisition were crowned with success. Pope Clement X, by a writ of October 3, 1674, suspended the action of the Inquisition courts in Portugal, forbade them to pronounce the death sentence or the galleys or the confiscation of property against the Marranes and enjoins them to submit at the General Office of the Inquisition in Rome all the ongoing trials against imprisoned Marranos. At the same time he authorized the « new Christians » to send delegates to Rome to present their grievances against the Holy Office. The Jesuits triumphed for the moment. But the people, pushed by secret agents of the Holy Office, shouted in the streets of Lisbon: « Death to the Jews and Marranos! And when the pope, by a new bull, dismissed the inquisitors from their office and ordered them to hand over to the nuncio the keys of the prisons of the Holy Office, they refused to obey.
In fear that the pope would also intervene in Spain, the inquisitors of that country decided to strike a blow to intimidate him. Spain had at its head the young and feeble King Charles II. They made him believe that he could not offer a more attractive spectacle to his wife, Marie-Louise d'Orleans, Louis XIV's niece, than by having a considerable number of heretics burn under his eyes. The king immediately decided to organize an important autodafé in honor of the queen. On his orders, the grand inquisitor, Diego de Saramiento, invited all the courts of Spain to send to Madrid the heretics already condemned. One month before the date fixed for the execution, heralds solemnly announced this festival to the inhabitants of the capital. For several weeks they worked feverishly to raise stands for the court, the nobility, the clergy and the people.
The day so impatiently awaited finally arrived (June 30, 1680). For a
long time no one had seen so many victims of the Inquisition. One hundred and eighteen people of all ages, including seventy Marranes! […] Eighteen Marranos who had publicly proclaimed their attachment to the Jewish faith were delivered to the flames. Among them, a widow of sixty, with her two daughters and son-in-law, and two other women, the youngest of whom was thirty. All died with admirable firmness. The Marquise de Villars says that she did not have the courage to attend this dreadful execution and that the only account of the atrocities committed caused her a deep horror. […]
This autodafé produced the desired effect on the Roman curia, because Pope Innocent XI ceased to oppose the functioning of the inquisition tribunals in Portugal. The missed opportunity by Portugal and Spain to join the race of nations towards the Enlightenment is confirmed in the following decades:
The eighteenth century [4] began with a real extermination of new Christians. Not a single year passed without at least one burning. In 1704, in one of these ceremonies, 60 people were
sentenced for Judaism. At the end of this year began the reign of John V (1689-1750), a regular and a passionate of the autodafés. In 1713, a sermon by Inquisitor Francisco Pedroso entitled « Dogmatic exhortation against Jewish perfidy » was printed and was a great success.
Several new Christians from Braganza – a region inhabited by a « Jewish » majority – were then burned. The imprisonment of suspects was so numerous that they brought Luis de Cunha, the ambassador of John V to the court of Louis XV, to write, during the minority of King Jose I: « When your highness occupies the throne, it will find many villages and hamlets almost depopulated … If your Highness asks the cause of this ruin, I do not know if anyone will dare to answer him with the freedom of which I have the honor to use. It was the Inquisition who, by imprisoning some for the crime of Judaism and forcing others to leave the kingdom with their wealth for fear of confiscation if they were imprisoned, drove the new Christians with their industries.
At the dawn of the earthquake in Lisbon, a last mass-produced autodafé takes place in Madrid:
Between 1721 and 1727 [5], the Jew was expelled to Madrid, where, more exactly, the Judaism marran: eight hundred and twenty people were arrested, seventy-five burned. Last mass burn and ultimate sign of weakness more than real political force.
While the Western world for several generations is moving towards a world of tolerances, at the dawn of this event and for four generations Portugal and Spain have on the contrary increased religious intolerance by reviving an Inquisition in countries where there were no more Jews, but only « new Christians » who desperately tried to keep some elements of their Jewish roots, as shown by the last auto-da-fe of the 1720s.
80 years after the failure of Antonio Vieira's attempt to normalize and the restoration of an even more blind Inquisition, the city of Lisbon is razed. Like Sodom and Gomorrah, which had not been able to erase their past mistakes, the city of Lisbon is shaven by what can be considered divine wrath. Indeed it comes at the end of the fourth generation after the original fault. This without salutary expiation during the eighty years that separated the fault of the sanction since until the eve of this generation, the Portuguese continued in their ways. Thus in 1755, November 1, holy day for the inquisitors, an earthquake put an end to what remained of supremacy of Portugal and Spain:
The earthquake [6] struck on the morning of the Catholic All Saints Day, November 1st. Contemporary sources indicate that three separate shocks occurred over a period of about ten minutes, causing large cracks (up to 5 meters) and devastating the city. The survivors rushed to the open space and assumed that the wharves were there, and witnessed the ebb of the sea, leaving bare seabed littered with wrecks of ships and lost goods. Several tens of minutes after the earthquake, a huge tsunami with waves from 5 to 10 meters in height submerged the port and the city center before reaching the Tagus River. It was followed by two new waves. The areas spared by the tsunami were hit by fires (chimney falls that spread the fire of domestic fires) that raged for five days.
Lisbon was not the only Portuguese city affected by the disaster: the destruction affected the entire south of the country, especially the Algarve.
Of the 275,000 inhabitants of Lisbon, about 60,000 were killed. Other regions greatly affected, Andalusia and Galicia whose main ports (Cadiz, Seville, A Coruña) were so destroyed that global shipping trade will be disrupted, the traffic with the Americas now operating with the ports of Northern Europe (France, the Netherlands, Great Britain). This resulted in the loss of the maritime supremacy of Spain in the Atlantic. 85% of Lisbon's buildings were destroyed. Several buildings relatively unaffected by the earthquake were destroyed by the fires that followed. A brand-new opera, christened with the premonition name of Opera Phoenix, was burned to ashes. The Royal Palace, just on the banks of the Tagus River and the current site of the Terreiro do Paço Square, was also destroyed: inside, the 70,000 volumes of the Royal Library were lost, as were hundreds of works of art including paintings by Titian, Rubens and Correggio. An extremely precious royal archive disappeared, and with them the detailed account of the great explorations carried out by Vasco da Gama and other
navigators.The earthquake was also right in the main religious buildings of Lisbon, especially the Cathedral of Santa Maria, the basilicas of São Paulo, Santa Catarina, São Vicente de Fora, and finally the Church of Mercy. The Royal Hospital of All Saints, the largest hospital in the world at the time, was consumed by fire with several hundred of its patients. The tomb of the national hero Nuno Alvares Pereira was also lost, and the current visitors of Lisbon can still walk on the ruins of the convent of the Carmelites, which were preserved to remind the Lisbon disaster.
In fact the main ravages of the earthquake are consecutive to the tsunami that followed, so it is well by the water that Portugal and Spain were punished four generations after their mistakes. Eighty years after the people of Lisbon shouted « Death to the Jews and Marranos » in the streets of Lisbon in response to the ways of reason, their descendants were submerged by the waves.
This earthquake had not only economic and human consequences, in full enlightenment, the almost complete destruction of one of the capitals of the West could only nourish the reflection of the philosophers of this generation:
The earthquake [7] shook more than cities and buildings. Lisbon was (and remains) the capital of a deeply Catholic country, which was renowned for the faith of its inhabitants and the vigor of evangelization in its colonies. The disaster also came on the day of an essential Catholic holiday and destroyed most of the most important churches. Theology and philosophy of the eighteenth century could hardly explain such a manifestation of divine wrath.
The earthquake had a strong influence on many European thinkers of the Enlightenment. Several of them mentioned or referred to this event in their writings, notably Voltaire in Candide or in his poem on the Lisbon disaster. The arbitrary character with which people died or survived was emphasized by Voltaire in criticizing the best of all possible worlds that opposed him to Leibniz.
It is this divine power expressed in Lisbon that calls into question the hopes of the Enlightenment, as expressed in this generation, to domesticate the nature that is evoked in the following of this psalm:
(extract of the psalm 135 associated to this generation, verses 5 to 7 )
For I know that God is great, and our Lord is more than all powers.
All that the Lord wished, He did in the heavens and on the earth, in the seas and all the depths.
He raises the clouds from the edge of the earth; He made lightning for the rain; He finds wind [to send] out of His treasuries.
The psalmist reaffirming the mastery of the elements whose lightning, though recently mastered by Benjamin Franklin, indicates that the divine presence has not disappeared. As it punished the firstborn of Egypt 80 years after the Egyptians attacked the first born of the Jews exiled on their land, God attacks the Portuguese 80 years after they have fought a new once against Jews exiled on their lands.
This is what the psalmist summarizes as follows from the psalm:
He struck down the firstborn of Egypt, from man to beast.
He sent signs and wonders in the midst of Egypt, upon Pharaoh and upon all his servants.
As already indicated, the last phase of the psalms is related to the mourning of 30 days after the death of Moses at the head of the destinies of his people. His will, he declares in Deuteronomy:
And Moses [8] went, and he spoke the following words to all Israel.
He said to them, « Today I am one hundred and twenty years old. I can no longer go or come, and the Lord said to me, « You shall not cross this Jordan. »
The Lord, your God He will cross before you; He will destroy these nations from before you so that you will possess them. Joshua he will cross before you, as the Lord has spoken.
And the Lord will do to them, as He did to the Amorite kings, Sihon and Og, and to their land, [all of] which He destroyed.
And [when] the Lord delivers them before you, you shall do to them according to all the commandment that I have commanded you.
Be strong and courageous! Neither fear, nor be dismayed of them, for the Lord, your God He is the One Who goes with you. He will neither fail you, nor forsake you. »
The psalmist recalls this promise in the rest of the psalm, no longer in the future as in Deuteronomy, but this time in the past. Indeed, God, despite what we have been able to suffer the Jews since the flow of the night, did not abandon his people and finally destroyed all his enemies and will also destroy the enemies of subsequent generations as he was able to destroy in Lisbon Churches overburdened with venerated statues of gold and silver.
This is what the rest of the psalm recalls:
(extract of the psalm 135 associated to this generation, verses 10 to 18 )
He struck down great nations and slew mighty kings.
Sihon the king of the Amorites and Og the king of the Bashan, and all the kingdoms of Canaan.
And He gave their land as an inheritance, an inheritance to Israel His people.
O Lord, Your name is eternal; O Lord, Your remembrance is throughout all generations.
For the Lord will judge His people and relent for His servants.
The idols of the nations are silver and gold, the handiwork of man.
They have a mouth but do not speak; they have eyes but do not see.
They have ears but do not listen; neither is there any breath in their mouth.
Like them will be those who make them, all who trust in them.
Although the Lisbon earthquake took place in 1755, this observation is ideally made to this generation of the 1770s and 1780s. Indeed, philosophers note that despite appearances of disqualifications, the Jewish people show a gift miraculous survival as noted by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). If the latter does not feel drawn to Judaism because of the cruelty of his God and the principle of the election, he remains admiring in front of the survival of the chosen people through the ages:
A truly astonishing [9] and truly unique spectacle is to see an expatriate people having no place or land for nearly two thousand years, a people mixed with foreigners, perhaps no longer having a single offspring of the first. races, a scattered people, dispersed on the earth, enslaved persecuted, despised by all nations, yet retain its
characteristics, its laws, its manners, its patriotic love of the first social union, when all the links seem broken. The Jews give us an amazing spectacle; the laws of Numa, Lycurgus, and Solon are dead; those of Moses, still more ancient, still live. Athens, Sparta, Rome perished and no longer left children on earth; Zion destroyed did not lose his.
They mingle with all peoples, and never mingle with them; they have no more chiefs, and are always people; they have no country, and are still citizens.
If Jean Jacques Rousseau did not fail to share some negative visions about the Jews with his contemporaries, he nevertheless considered that their possible defects were due to their particular conditions in the Christian world, see also within the Muslim world. Thus, he is one of the first non-Jews to consider that Jews should have their own nation:
Those [10] of us who are in a position to converse with Jews are hardly more advanced. The unfortunate people feel at our discretion! The tyranny we exercise towards them makes them fearful! […] In the Sorbonne, it is clear as the day that the predictions of the Messiah relate to Jesus Christ. Among the rabbis of Amsterdam, it is equally clear that they have not the slightest connection. I will never believe that I have heard the reasons of the Jews, that they have a free State, schools, universities where they can speak and play safely. Only then can we know what they have to say.
He is not alone in thinking that Jews must have their country. The Russians will go further by creating the first Jewish liberation army in Jerusalem. At dawn [11] of this generation, Jerusalem was in the hands of the Husseini family, actually the name of the former dominant family that the new family, the al-Ghudayya, had decided to borrow. The newly named family will be one of the most powerful families in Jerusalem until the 21st century. Under their rule the Jews of Jerusalem suffered many abuses inciting two hundred Jewish families from Jerusalem. From 1730, Ottoman power collapsed in the Holy Land, Zahir, a Bedouin Sheikh then dominates an important area in the north that he administers from Acre. Joining an Egyptian general he conquered almost all of Palestine failing in Jerusalem. The Russians already at war with the Ottomans and interested only in Jerusalem joined forces with Zahir against the Ottomans for the capture of the city. The Ottomans were forced to peace:
In the treaty signed in 1774, Catherine and her partner Prince Potemkin forced the Ottomans to accept that the Russians protect the (Christian) Orthodox – in the end, Russia's growing obsession with Jerusalem would lead to a European war.
Potemkin, one of the most philosemite rulers in Russian history, was a Zionist Christian who believed that the liberation of Jerusalem was part of his Greek (recovery from Constantinople) project. In 1787, he created the « Israelovski » regiment of Jewish cavalry, destined to take Jerusalem. A witness, the Prince de Ligne, made fun of these loafers, whom he called « monkeys on horseback. » Potemkin died before he could carry out his plan.
Even if the Israelovsky regiment will not fight to retake Jerusalem, the direction for the Jewish people for the last fifteen generations of the night is designated: the return to Zion.
This is what the end of the psalm of this generation expresses:
The house of Israel, bless the Lord; the house of Aaron, bless the Lord.
The house of the Levites, bless the Lord; those who fear the Lord, bless the Lord.
Blessed is the Lord from Zion, He Who dwells in Jerusalem. Hallelujah!
[1] According to www.histoiredesjuifs.com, « chronology » section.
[2] From: (led by) Jean Delumeau: « The history of the world from 1492 to 1789 ». Chapter: « The birth of the United States of America ». (French: « L'histoire du monde de 1492 à 1789 ». Chapitre : « La naissance des Etats Unis d'Amérique ». (p. 502 à 507) )
[3] Heinrich Graetz: « History of the Jews, volume 5 ». Chapter: « Clement X and the Marranos of Portugal ». (French: « Histoire des Juifs, volume 5 ». Chapitre : « Clément X et les marranes du Portugal ». (p. 214 à 218) )
[4] (Collective directed by) Henry Méchoulan: « The Jews of Spain, history of a diaspora, 1492-1992 ». Chapter of Anita Novinsky: « Jews and New Christians of Portugal ». (French: « Les Juifs d'Espagne, histoire d'une diaspora, 1492-1992 ». Chapitre « Juifs et nouveaux chrétiens du Portugal ». (p. 91) ).
[5] Riccardo Calimani: « The Jewish Wandering ». (French: « L'Errance juive ». (p. 356) )
[6] Source : www.wikepedia.org
[8] Devarim – Deuteronomy – Chapter 31, verses 1 to 6.
[9] Léon Poliakov: « History of Antisemitism, 2 – The Age of Science ». Chapter: « The Age of Enlightenment ». (French: « Histoire de l'Antisémitisme, 2 – L'âge de la science ». Chapitre : « Le Siècle des Lumières ». (p. 44) )
[10] Léon Poliakov: « History of Antisemitism, 2 – The Age of Science ». Chapter: « The Age of Enlightenment » (quote from a passage from « L'Émile ou De l'éducation » by Jean-Jacques Rousseau). (French: « Histoire de l'Antisémitisme, 2 – L'âge de la science ». Chapitre : « Le Siècle des Lumières ». (p. 42) (citation d'un passage de «L'Émile ou De l'éducation » de Jean-Jacques Rousseau) )
[11] From: Simon Sebag Montefiore: « Jerusalem: Biography ». Chapter: « Families ». The passage on Potemkin comes from the note on page 373. (French: « Jérusalem : Biographie ». Chapitre : « Les familles ». Le passage sur Potemkine est issu de la note de la page 373. )
← 1790 AD to 1810 AD, Psalm 136: Emancipation. ← 1750 AD to 1770 AD, Psalm 134: Freemasons.


I ordered my first pair of clear frames from GlassesUSA.com, and they have so many other options too!
One of the best features of their website is this virtual mirror that lets you virtually try on the glasses. You can test out the virtual mirror here!
I tried on a couple, but had my heart set on a clear pair! Their options for eyeglasses and sunglasses are phenomenal and well-priced.
The customer service was really great, which isn't always the case when it comes to ordering things online.
If you're looking for quality glasses at an affordable price, I definitely recommend GlassesUSA.com!
Let me know which ones you want the most <3!
They offer a really nice selection of glasses.
the tortoise shell ones are cute!
Very cool! I've worn prescription glasses since 5th grade too and I worked for two Optometrists in high school so I always got a major hook-up on all my frames and lenses :)As an adult though it gets pretty expensive having multiple pairs. I've thought about buying online but I'm nervous about it for some reason. Do you like the quality of yours? Did they fit perfectly?
Very cute glasses. Check out Zenni Optical. They have amazing glasses as well at much cheaper prices. I've become an addict! Lol.


Fruitless Pursuits: Game of Thrones Playmobil Advent Calendar Day 22: Midget Macabre!
Seriously, look at that stunted little bony, bugger. Is this the skeleton of a child? No.. I think I have the answer. Do you remember Sir Dudley's legendary sword, Midget Maker, which turned the local peasants into midgets by cutting off parts of their legs? Well clearly this is one of his midget victims whose restless spirit has been awakened by all of the dark magic that's been whipping around recently.
Hahaha! We love you Peck you little scamp! Now you both can storm the castle and steal its vast treasures! I can't even imagine what craziness will happen tomorrow!


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return array(
    'application' => array(
        'title' => 'E-learning',
        'subtitle' => 'Electronik Elearning'
    )
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: WCF - Add service reference XML docs We have our projects set to build documentation files, but the Add Service Reference tool in Visual Studio creates files with no XML docs. This results in a ton of build warnings, which we'd like to avoid.
Is there a way to get Add Service Reference to generate XML docs? Or, if not, is there a way to modify a T4 template that generates service references?

A: I don't believe adding a service reference can generate the xml comments for you. See XML Comments not appearing in WCF Service for more information on that.
Your best bet is to turn the warning level down or off for the xml comment missing. In visual studio I think this will help (Visual Studio Disabling Missing XML Comment Warning).
If you are using a tool such as resharper you can ignore the entire file (http://blogs.jetbrains.com/dotnet/2011/06/preventing-items-from-being-analyzed-in-resharper/) or just ignore the xml comment warnings (How to switch off Resharper check for XML commets?).


This site is dedicated to educating the public about the fact that in our world, everything is backwards. Nothing is as it seems, nor as we've been trained to believe.
This blog post is about a cancer causing herbicide called Roundup, made by pharmaceutical giant Monsanto, that is the most popular herbicide on the market today. The main ingredient in Roundup is glyphosate which was one of the deadly ingredients in Agent Orange used in Vietnam that has and is killing our own troops and veterans today, not to mention the Vietnamese population. It must be noted that Agent Orange is still causing birth defects and death in Vietnam, that few people know about.
Last year Roundup was added to California's official list of chemicals known to cause cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO), has also listed it as a carcinogen, and there are also hundreds of lawsuits across the country by plaintiffs claiming Roundup has caused them bodily harm.
Yesterday, The Sacramento Bee ran an article stating that "California has put 14,000 gallons of Roundup into the Sacramento River Delta since 2010″. The purpose is reportedly to kill nonnative aquatic plants that are choking the Delta, and which according to NASA can be seen from space. The state is blaming the plant for damaging the fish habitat. Did you catch that? The state of California is concerned about fish habitat (fish life), but at the same time is poisoning the state's drinking water with an herbicide that is a known carcinogen! WHAT THE HELL?!
Officials say the weed-killing program has been approved by a host of state and federal agencies, and that strict limits have been set on the use of Roundup and other herbicides in the West Coast's largest estuary, which provides drinking water to 25 million Californians. A team of state scientists also monitors the treatment locations and water quality to ensure contamination levels don't get too high or too close to drinking water intakes and Delta farmland.
"Everybody wants to make sure we're taking care of the Delta and its natural resources and the drinking water as well," said Gloria Sandoval, spokeswoman for the Division of Boating and Waterways.
But Roundup's critics say it's hypocritical for one state agency to say the herbicide is a likely cancer hazard while another sprays it into a place where drinking water is pulled.
The Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, or California Delta, is an expansive inland river delta and estuary in Northern California. The Delta is formed at the western edge of the Central Valley by the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and lies just east of where the rivers enter Suisun Bay. The Delta is recognized for protection by the California Bays and Estuaries Policy. The city of Stockton is located on the San Joaquin River on the eastern edge of the delta. The total area of the Delta, including both land and water, is about 1,100 square miles (2,800 km2).
So I have put this short, most important article together so that those who don't know about the poisoning of California's drinking water will hopefully take action by boycotting Roundup, sharing this post, and speaking out to their legislative representatives.
Everything Is Backwards Blog at WordPress.com.