We all have aspirations of making sky-high returns on investments. However, in practicality that may not be feasible. What should really be on investors' minds is their respective risk appetites – what they are willing to invest given their financial situation and aspirations. Risk can come in many forms – inflation, volatility, interest rate or default – therefore it is of upmost importance that you know what your own threshold is, before you make any investment decisions.
First of all, it is best to distinguish between risk appetite and risk tolerance, as these are often confused terms. Risk appetite depicts your willingness to accept risk, while risk tolerance means your ability to do so. These should both be determined before you decide to invest your money, as they dictate the distribution of your assets. This article should hopefully provide some insight into what investments are right for you.
The first element to consider is your risk tolerance. The primary contributors to tolerance are income and expenses, as these dictate how much you can afford to contribute to a plan, or lose on investments. A key component of investing should be creating a cash flow budget, to see how much you spend in a month or year (as is recommended for all aspects of financial planning) – this then allows you to see how much you can realistically afford to put aside a month for a portfolio. Indeed, it is advised that when considering risk tolerance, you also maintain a liquid cash reserve that may cover 12 to 18 months of your current lifestyle, just in case. Your financial responsibilities also play into your risk tolerance – are there any goals you wish to achieve in the future, such as paying for your child's education?
On the other hand, risk appetite measures the degree of variability in investment returns that an investor is willing to withstand. Indeed, tolerance plays a major part in this variable – if you are unable to stomach large fluctuations in your portfolio, you may act impulsively or let your emotion crowd your judgement. This could very easily lead to below-average returns.
The second aspect that one should consider is their investment goal; what it is you are investing for. This may be for future children, a pension scheme, or just for wealth creation with no goal in mind – either way, this has an impact on what investments you should consider. For example, a pensions scheme should probably be a more conservative approach, investing in safer assets that see little fluctuation. Finally, the investment time frame is important. Risk appetite is liable to change over time; as we get older and retire, our focus shifts more to long term financial security.
Risk appetite may then be classified into three distinct classes – aggressive, moderate and conservative. Those who have an aggressive investing strategy are typically looking for high gains, alongside high risk. However, they tend to be market savvy and have a deep understanding of the market – many casual investors may not be as prone to this level of risk with their own finances. As a general guide, these investors may invest up to 70% of their assets into equities (and other high-risk assets), with the rest in safer vehicles such as bonds.
'Moderate' investors take a more balanced approach, whereby they accept some risk, but may wish to achieve reliable growth over a 10 to 15-year time horizon. A conservative investment strategy is the most prudent, where investors are willing to accept little to no volatility on their savings. These are usually the most diversified and hedged portfolios, which can offer reliable returns if managed correctly, but may not achieve the highs that aggressive investors can potentially reach.
strategy than yourself is an independent financial advisor. Your long term financial security, and perhaps your comfort in retirement, can be maximised by speaking to someone qualified.


Are you a visual learner who writes notes in a rainbow of different colors, or do you have to read something aloud before it will sink it? Chances are, you've been asked a similar question at some point in your life, and believe the concept of different "learning styles" is perfectly valid. But, as Quartz reported in December, we all learn in fundamentally similar ways. And, as New York magazine reports, the idea that students learn differently depending on their personal preference for visual, auditory or kinesthetic cues is just a myth.
In fact, it's considered a "neuromyth," which, as Paul Howard-Jones, professor of neuroscience and education at Bristol University, writes in a 2014 paper on the subject, is characterized by a misunderstanding, misreading, or misquoting of scientifically established facts.
Other examples of neuromyths include that we only use 10% of our brain, and that drinking less than six to eight glasses of water a day will cause the brain to shrink.
"Perhaps the most popular and influential myth is that a student learns most effectively when they are taught in their preferred learning style," writes Howard-Jones.
In December, Philip Newton, professor at Swansea University's College of Medicine, searched for "learning styles" articles freely available on research databases, to get a sense of the impression a teacher might get if they did a cursory search on the subject. He found that, though studies "do not really engage" with evidence showing that learning styles is a myth, 94% of current research papers start with a positive view of learning styles.
"Learning Styles do not work, yet the current research literature is full of papers which advocate their use. This undermines education as a research field and likely has a negative impact on students," he wrote in his paper for Frontiers in Psychology.
Neuromyths arise, Howard-Jones argues, partly due to the technical language barrier that makes understanding neuroscience papers difficult for non-experts, and due to oversimplification of complicated scientific ideas. These myths are then "promoted by victims of their own wishful thinking" who are sincere but deluded in their belief that some eccentric theory will "revolutionize science and society," he writes.
And these myths can flourish in cultures where beliefs about the brain are not subject to ongoing scientific scrutiny— it's rare, after all, that a classroom's teaching methods are rigorously and scientifically tested by an observer.


text:
Club Mid
My Son Hits Like A Girl—And That's A Good Thing
by Lane Buckman
June 6, 2015 Updated December 18, 2015
My mother was an athlete. She played baseball so well that she was scouted by a major league team, who thought the Jo Young they kept hearing about was a Joseph, not a Joan. The scout told her coach it was a damn shame she wasn't a boy, because he would have recruited the multitalented girl. She was a shortstop phenom, who could hit a home run from a crouched position and play catcher like she was Johnny Bench.
She was a dancer, too. She was graceful, and coordinated, and could pick up and repeat complex choreography like it was just banging a drum.
She outran, out-played and even out-boxed every boy in her Army Base-adjacent neighborhood. Maybe more than all that, she was the special kind of all-around athlete, who knows how to get the best out of the people around her. She coached misfits to victory on a regular basis, with a blend of practice, patience and intelligence.
And then she had me.
Bless her heart.
I tried to come into this world sideways, and that's probably how I'll go out of it because I am the least coordinated, least athletic, least physically intelligent person in my family. After a lifetime of victorious athleticism, my mother turned nurse to tend the broken bones and sprains, the pulled muscles, the scrapes, cuts, bruises, head wounds and concussions that I brought home from my everyday interactions with the world.
My mother once told me she'd been afraid she wouldn't know what to do with a girl. As rough and tumble as she had been, she was afraid she couldn't help a girl find her value. What would she do if she had a child who loved baby dolls and pink?
Exactly what she did, I guess, because every inch of my soul was born to "girl"—if girl can be a verb, I did it. I girled so hard! Pink, sparkles, lace, fluff, dolls, glass slippers, pageants and plays were my world. If it didn't already have some glitter on it, I could fix that. I would happily have put lipstick on a pig. Or a dog. My poor dog.
My mother might not have known what to do with all that, but it never showed. She delighted in me and valued what I found important. But she didn't just watch, she coached. She was the consummate coach, finding what I was good at and bringing that forward, while working to build the muscles I Iacked.
She gave up on my sports muscles by the time I was 13. At the time of my retirement from junior high softball, my most spectacular play had been accidentally catching a pop fly, then sitting down on third base to block a runner because I couldn't remember what else I was supposed to do with the ball.
In spite of my athletic inabilities, in spite of never being able to do the things she had loved, she never gave up on coaching me as her daughter. It wasn't until I had my own baby that I started to understand the mental fortitude that it takes, the practice, patience and intelligence it takes to coach a child into her best self.
My mother had no idea what to do with her glorious creature, so she studied me. She found the places where I could excel. There were college-level literary courses, special trips to the museums and theatre, charm schools and talent agents, and voice lessons and fashion shows. And, at my insistence, there were the failed ice skating lessons, tennis lessons, dance lessons and gymnastics. As I fell, tripped and concussed myself out of each of those, she was there to drive me to the emergency room and gently direct me toward my natural talents.
She valued what I loved because she found me valuable. She was interested in what I did because she found me interesting.
She helped me cultivate my own style with endless applause, and she regarded my athletic failures with so much love that even though I never got to enjoy the thrill of victory, I have never been afraid of, or embarrassed by, defeat. Her passion for my well-being means that I can enjoy a loss as much as anyone has ever loved winning. She taught me that losing the game isn't failure. Failure is being afraid to play.
I had a boy. I have a boy. And my boy is more coordinated, more naturally talented physically, more aware of his body and space than his father and me put together. I know books and writing, acting and fashion, music and lip gloss, and while all those things have their places in the world, outside the inherent drama of sports, they have no play on the greens, or the pitches, or the fields of dreams. Sure, David Beckham wears guyliner, but not while he's kicking balls around.
What I learned from my mother, my coach, is that being a good mother is about finding what comes naturally to your child and stretching, strengthening and refining those muscles. It's about becoming a student of your child's nature and nurturing the best in him, to coach that maximum potential out of him.
It is about practice, patience and intelligence. Your practice. Your patience. Your intelligence.
My son and I are incredibly fortunate that when it comes to cultivating his natural prowess at sports, he has my mom. When he started playing coach-pitch baseball two years ago, my mother took over his at-home development. After a week with her, he went back to his batting practice. His coaches did that thing you only ever see in the movies.
Hats came off.
Eyes went wide.
Heads started bobbing.
"Son?" his coach called to him. "Son, who taught you that? Your dad?"
My boy broke into a grin. "My grandma taught me!"
My son hits like a girl. Like a 73-year-old girl.
His coach asked for an introduction.
Sixty years later, coaches are still mistaking my mother's amazing abilities for a man's. But I'm here to tell you that there is no athlete, no coach alive like my mighty Jo Young, whose patience, practice and intelligence are proof that a good mother can cultivate an artist as easily as an athlete.
Back to Club Mid

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What changes have you put in place to make manufacturing more energy efficient?
Is your company being affected by the credit crunch?
It's the third year for Glass Magazine's Crystal Achievement Awards.
The basics: The $20 million renovation of the Akron Art Museum in Ohio, combines a late 19th century brick and limestone building with a radical glass and steel structure. Completed in June 2007, the project integrates about 21,000 square feet of the existing building with a new 65,000-square-foot addition, increasing gallery space from 8,000 square feet to more than 20,000 square feet and adding classrooms, children's gallery, museum gift shop and cafe. The 22,000 square feet of glazing cost $1.7 million.
The players: Architect, Coop Himmelb(l)au, Vienna; general contractor, Welty Building Co., Fairlawn, Ohio; glass fabricator, Oldcastle Glass, Santa Monica, Calif.; glass manufacturer, Guardian Industries Corp., Auburn Hill, Mich.; curtain wall supplier, Schuco USA L.P., Newington, Conn.; glazing contractor and aluminum fabricator, Harmon Inc., Cleveland; glazing engineer/consultant, Façade Forensics, Cincinnati, 513/383-9906.
The glass and systems: The project features 1 1/4-inch-thick low-E insulating, laminated glass with layers of ¼-inch clear heat-strengthened glass, ½-inch air space, ¼-inch Guardian LE 63 clear heat-strengthened glass, .060-millimeter clear interlayer and ¼-inch clear heat-strengthened glass. Framing consists of Schuco FW 60+ AOS, a thermally broken façade wall add-on system for curtain walls and skylights, added to a steel substructure. Made from aluminum and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, the system is stick-built and has a 60-millimeter profile dimension.


Vice President Joe Biden is expected at two public events for Democratic governor candidate Charlie Crist on Monday.
Democratic clubs have started to alert supporters about one of the events, at Omni Auditorium at Broward College, 1000 Coconut Creek Blvd., Coconut Creek. Doors for that event open at 2:15 p.m.
Tickets are available by calling Crist's Pompano Beach field office at 954-361-3881, or visiting the office at 1301 E. Atlantic Blvd., on Friday, according to an email to members of the North Broward Democratic Club.
The event was confirmed by Carlie Waibel, the Crist campaign's deputy communications director.
Waibel said a Biden-Crist event is also planned for Palm Beach County, but she didn't have details.
Also expected to appear at events on behalf of Crist is Jill Biden, wife of the vice president.
It may soon be easier to list the potential Democratic presidential candidates who haven't come to the aid of Florida governor candidate Charlie Crist.
Next up, Hillary Clinton in Miami-Dade County on Thursday.
After that, Vice President Joe Biden will be in Broward on Oct. 13.
Later Monday, Biden will headline a fundraiser for Crist at the Parkland home of Mike Moskowitz, a prominent Democratic Party fundraiser.


text:
István Majoros (ur. 11 lipca 1974), węgierski zapaśnik. Złoty medalista olimpijski z Aten.

Walczył w stylu klasycznym. Brał udział w dwóch igrzyskach (IO 00, IO 04), w 2004 zdobył złoto w najniższej kategorii (55 kg). W 2005 sięgnął po brąz mistrzostw świata, był mistrzem Europy w 2000). Siedmiokrotny mistrz Węgier w 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005 roku.
Pierwszy w Pucharze Świata w 2006. Wicemistrz świata juniorów w 1991 roku.

Przypisy

Węgierscy medaliści olimpijscy
Węgierscy zapaśnicy
Uczestnicy Letnich Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2000
Medaliści Letnich Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2004
Urodzeni w 1974
Ludzie urodzeni w Budapeszcie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Emmanuel Strosser est un pianiste français, né à Strasbourg en 1965, fils du metteur en scène Pierre Strosser.

Biographie
Il se forme d'abord auprès d'Hélène Boschi puis au Conservatoire national supérieur de musique de Paris auprès de Jean-Claude Pennetier et de Christian Ivaldi.

Il est professeur de piano au Conservatoire national supérieur de musique de Paris et professeur de musique de chambre au Conservatoire national supérieur de musique de Lyon.

Emmanuel Strosser a signé une discographie importante, notamment en musique de chambre : les deux Quintettes de Gabriel Fauré avec le quatuor Rosamonde, les Danses slaves de Dvorak pour piano 4 mains avec Claire Désert.

En février-mars 2023, il accompagne au piano l'orchestre de l'Opéra national de Paris dans le Concerto pour piano no 2 de Tchaïkovski, musique de Ballet impérial, lors de l'entrée de celui-ci au répertoire du ballet de l'Opéra national de Paris.

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Emmanuel Strosser à la Folle Journée de Nantes 2015

Pianiste classique français
Élève du Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris
Enseignant au Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Lyon
Enseignant au Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris
Naissance à Strasbourg
Naissance en 1965


text:
Pacific campaign raises more than $50,000 for United Way
Pacific faculty and staff raised $55,745.28 through payroll deduction pledges and one-time gifts during the 2020 United Way campaign at University of the Pacific's three campuses. more
Pacific Athletics welcomes local children to campus for fifth annual Education Day
University of the Pacific showcased its Stockton Campus and demonstrated the value of education to hundreds of local elementary and middle school students during the annual Education Day organized by Pacific Athletics on Nov. 21. more
Five Star Bank invests in Eberhardt School of Business students
A new gift from Five Star Bank will fund the creation of an annual student leadership retreat. more
Regents name ASU leader next president of University of the Pacific
University of the Pacific today announced that Christopher Callahan will be the 26th president of California's oldest chartered university. more
Benerd College
School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
2020 United Way campaign enters final stretch
Nov. 19 update on the 2020 United Way campaign at University of the Pacific. more
Open Enrollment News: Consider a high-deductible health plan
Did you know that Pacific offers two high-deductible health plans with low or no-cost premium options? more
New diversity, equity and inclusion grant launched at Pacific
New diversity, equity and inclusion grant launched at University of the Pacific. The first proposal submission period for 2019–20 grants, the program's pilot year, is from Dec. 1, 2019 to Jan. 17, 2020. more
New employees and notable changes | November 2019
New hires, promotions and transfers and other notable changes. more
Faculty present their work at annual showcase and awards reception
Staff, faculty, regents and students attended the Nov. 7 Faculty Showcase highlighting the scholarship from recent faculty developmental leaves and innovative projects funded by the Faculty Research Committee, the Technology in Education Committee and the Committee for Academic Planning and Development. more


Bathroom vanity is definitely the focal point of any bathroom decor, and onlinedecorations ensures you a wide variety of modern, contemporary, and traditional vanity decoration ideas. Here, you will get wide knowledge on a variety of sizes, colors and finishes that may make an ideal choice for your bathroom. Once you get an idea about the kind of vanities that make a good choice for your bathroom, you can choose one and complement it with your toilets. This is not all. You will also get amazing ideas on installing the best quality tubs, shower panels, and a huge range of bathroom accessories!
Bathroom is a place where you spend some time on your own without worrying about someone else's presence. This is the time that you spend on your own. That's why we help you make choose bathroom furniture that ensures a lot of space for everything you need. We also offer you smart ways to organize bathroom furniture and accessories to make it more attractive, practical, and spacious. This way, you can spend less time looking for important things such as the soap, toothpaste etc. and spend more time doing what's really important; taking care of yourself.
At onlinedecorations, we offer you fresh decoration bathroom ideas to help you know about the best decoration, and style. You will also know about the colors that will ideally suit your bathroom and specific requirements. The bathroom decoration tips that we offer depends on your budget too. Hence, we take special care about the financial plan you have in mind before offering you modern bathroom decorations ideas or remodeling project tips.
For a new bathroom, renovation, or simple update, we have the best ideas, modern bathroom decorations ideas, tips, and tricks to help you get the space your dreams. We have a huge range of pictures to get inspired from. These photos on our bathroom decoration and vanity page will showcase the best of lighting effects, designs for vanity, inspiring color schemes, ceiling, doors, mirrors, flooring, and everything that falls in between. At onlinedecorations, you can see how tiles can transform your bathroom and what effects will a fresh coat of paint bring. Similarly, you can know about new window treatments that can add to the glamour and charm to your bathroom.
With our innovative decoration bathroom ideas, plan your dream bathroom that has the trendiest shower, tiles and attractive mirrors. Our tips and innovative ideas will help you create a bathroom that's a pleasure to spend some private moments. Our bathroom decoration planning guide is packed with many helpful tips and buying guides for products you'll require for your bath. Right from sinks and faucets to floors, light fixtures and everything that falls in between, you can ensure the best guidance and professional tips to build your ideal bathroom.
Onlinedecorations is a leading website of luxury bathroom decoration ideas and tips. All you require doing is to visit the site and know about the latest in vanities of bathroom, furniture, shower panels and a lot more.


Allows us to give to others because God has given abundantly to us.
Generosity (Deuteronomy 16:17; Proverbs 11:24-25; 13:7; Matthew 10:8; 2 Corinthians 9: 6-15) allows us to give to others because God has given abundantly to us. It is the wise use of stewardship and the attitude that all possessions belong to God. We are merely the caretakers for His purpose. It will see the Lord as the Source of true blessing, not our selfish desires.
Greed, Stinginess, Selfishness and Miserliness are the opposites. These rotten fruits rot because we hoard them and do not use them properly as Christ called us to do. This blocks the flow of God's blessings and 'living water' from flowing in us. We will become stagnant and useless to the Kingdom or the people around us. Pride and arrogance will be the driving force, the quintessential things that God hates the most (Proverbs 6:16-18)!
When have you most been filled with Generosity?
What issue is in your life now, that would improve with being more Generous?
One of the things I both love and hate to do is go out to lunch with a bunch of Christians. I love the fellowship, but when it comes to tip time, I, as the pastor usually end up paying the tip, then hear complaints from waitresses about how stingy the various church groups are! When will we learn, as a Church, that our actions enable us to point others to the way to the Lord, and give us the ability to repel others from Him!
Generosity is the realization we have His living water (John 4; 7:38) flowing in us. To keep it fresh, it must flow out of us, too! The Dead Sea in Israel is dead. There is no life is in it because it has no outlet. It has a river flowing into it, but the water remains there, and becomes stagnated with harsh salts and minerals to the point that nothing can live or grow there. When we are stingy, we become like the Dead Sea--stagnant and lifeless. The living water within us will quickly become stagnant, like a mud puddle with mosquito larvae growing in it, useless, and even dangerous.
Generosity is an example of our trust and reliance on God. Because He has given so much to us, way beyond what we can comprehend, we can therefore be charitable with others. This is an act of worship--to model Christ, and see the big picture that goods and material things are not important, but relationships are. This goes to giving back to God, providing to those who have less, and making sure your church is modeling this character. A selfish church that does not give, and only sees themselves as a charity, will become a Dead Sea rather quickly. How sad and pathetic that would be--an unconcerned, uncaring, and self-absorbed quandary to the neighborhood, and a disgrace to the Kingdom!
We need to stop looking for approval from society, and seek His approval. Character will be the fruit of that endeavor!


← Does The Holy Spirit Jump In & Out Of The Christian?
We often sing the hymn, "O Thou Fount Of Every Blessing" as a tribute to the goodness of God. We recognize the help Jehovah provides in times of great difficulty. We easily see the grace of God and the benefit we receive from it through the salvation that He freely offers us. There is an interesting lyric in that particular hymn that is worthy of our consideration. Perhaps we have zealously sung the phrase without fully realizing its meaning. In the second verse, "Here I raise my Ebenezer: hither by Thy help I've come." You might wonder to yourself who or what is an Ebenezer? How does Ebenezer help us?
Ebenezer is not a person; rather it is a place. The particular reference that the song has in mind is found in 1 Samuel 7:12. "Then Samuel took a stone, and set it between Mizpeh and Shen, and called the name of it Ebenezer, saying, Hitherto hath the LORD helped us." This statement was made by Samuel the judge just before Israel subdued the Philistines, after the constant turmoil they had caused Israel. Israel had been unfaithful to God through a corrupt priesthood and the ever-pressing temptation to turn to idolatry. God raised up the Philistines to come against Israel. The first battle took place in Ebenezer (1 Samuel 4:1, 2). The Philistines prevailed against Israel and even took the Ark of the Covenant from where it rested in Ebenezer (1 Samuel 5:1). Ebenezer was associated with defeat! Samuel called upon Israel to return to God and put away idolatry. He commanded them to give their hearts and their lives to the Lord and then God would deliver them from the snare of defeat (1 Samuel 7:3). Israel responded and repented (1 Samuel 7:4). God was therefore faithful to His promise to be the help Israel needed to overcome their enemies. Thus, Samuel took the stone, named it Ebenezer which means "stone of help." Ebenezer, instead of going down as a place of sorrow and defeat, is now recognized as the place of God's blessing. When we turn to God, fully serving Him, He blesses us.
God is still our Ebenezer. We "call for songs of loudest praise" because we know He provides help, comfort and never-ending streams of mercy. God is still our help. we are no longer in the physical warfare Israel was engaged in, but now we are soldiers of the Lord's army, engaging the devil. God is still our help. It is right that we sing about His grace, calling upon our Ebenezer. He is our defender and captain (Hebrews 2:10). Jehovah is the source and rock of our salvation (Psalm 95:1). The rock and foundation of the church is that truth that Jesus is the Christ the Son of the Living God (Matthew 16:18). Based upon the fact that Jesus is the Son of God, being a part of His church, we do not have to fear being conquered by our spiritual adversary, Satan. We have victory through our Ebenezer. Let us be thankful that He rescued us from danger through the blood of Jesus Christ. Our Ebenezer is the help that we have always needed.
This entry was posted in God, Salvation. Bookmark the permalink.


Straight cut below the knee. Our new flattering skinny jeans.
- With the look of pre-washed denim, plus a distinctive soft, feminine feel.
- Skinny-fit jeans with a straight cut below the knee, that are not too tight and look good on anyone.
- A straight cut and precise length create a leg-lengthening effect.
- These versatile jeans are a wardrobe must-have.
- Authentic, precise design details that highlight the quality of the fabric.


Coccidioides immitis (kok-sid-ee-OID-eez IMM-ih-tiss) is the cause of a nasty fungal disease called coccidioidomycosis (kok-sid-ee-oid-oh-my-KOH-sis). Like the other true-pathogenic, systemic human fungal diseases histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis, Coccidioidomycosis starts out as a lung disease caused by inhalation of the conidia, shown to the left. Most often the disease causes mild flu-like symptoms, but usually is resolved in the lungs. This fungus is a dimorphic pathogen, which means it can change from the room-temperature hyphal form at to the body-temperature spherule form (shown to the right) containing endospores. These endospores can be transported by the bloodstream to other parts of the body, particularly to the brain and central nervous system, where they can germinate and grow to cause even more severe disease. The dimorphism helps the fungus to evade the immune system by the changing of the surface antigens of the fungus.
The disease often begins as a benign, inapparent or mildly severe upper respiratory infection that usually resolves rapidly. Recovery from mild forms of the disease usually results in lifelong immunity to reinfection. However, if there are enough spores inhaled, or if the person's immune system is compromised in some way, the disease can spread to other parts of the body, Rarely the disease is an acute or chronic severe disseminating fatal mycosis. If infection is established, the disease may progress as a chronic pulmonary condition or as a systemic disease involving the meninges (lining of the brain), bones, joints, and subcutaneous and cutaneous tissues. Such involvement is characterized by the formation of burrowing abscesses. Although the symptoms of the disease are quite variable, but often the patient has an allergic reaction to the circulating fungus, producing reddening of the skin known as "desert bumps," shown to the left.
In culture the extremely small arthroconidia are produced on medium in 5-10 days. The mechanism of spore formation is quite different than what you might be used to. Thallic conidiation (formation of spores from pre-formed hyphae) takes place here. Alternate cells increase in turgidity and in wall thickness to become arthroconidia, while the intervening cells gradually lose cytoplasm. Nuclei remain in the degenerating cells until the adjacent spores completely mature. Arthroconidia are barrel or cask shaped, 2-4 mm X 6 mm, although there may be atypical isolates with different shapes. The spherules cannot normally be induced in culture, but require inhalation into an animal. These spherules bear a superficial resemblance to a chicken protozoan parasite Coccidia; Coccidioides literally means "like Coccidia" and immitis means "not mild."
Incidentally, the other type of conidiation, far more common, is blastic conidiation. In this type, the spores are produced de novo from the budding out of hyphal tips. See this page on Aspergillus for an example of blastic conidiation.
The teleomorph (sexual state, meiotically-reproducing state) of Coccidioides is unknown. The anamorph (asexual state, mitotically-reproducing state) has some characteristics of Zygomycota (spherule development is like sporangium development), except that it is regularly septate, has Woronin bodies near the septa, characteristic of Ascomycota and deuteromycetes. Analysis of 18S rDNA sequence indicates a close phylogenetic relationship of C. immitis and the Ascomycota, especially with the Arthrodermataceae (Onygenales), such as Ajellomyces dermatitidis and A. capsulatus. If this is true, then essentially all the true systemic pathogenic fungi, as well as the dermatophytes, would be classified in that small group of Ascomycota.
Coccidioides is probably the most virulent of the fungal pathogens. Highly endemic disease areas are semi-arid regions, rather than completely dry. Its occurrence correlates well with the Lower Sonoran Life Zone, which occurs in desert-like areas throughout the southwestern USA and California, as well as into Mexico and Central and South America. It is prevalent in areas that receive rainfall of about 10 inches (25cm) /year occurring all in one season. The west side of the San Joaquin Valley in California is the most endemic area, but even within this region the fungus is highly restricted to a few small areas. However, spores may blow around-- for example a windstorm in 1977 in the San Joaquin Valley blew spores outside endemic area, and 379 new cases of coccidioidomycosis were attributed to the dust storm. Travel can also spread disease. The main problem is with population growth in endemic areas. People not previously exposed move to the area and develop the disease. Some have mild form and acquire immunity; others develop severe disease.
The fungus can survive at 20 cm under the soil, but is absent on the surface during hot dry weather. It is also apparently absent from the soil or aerosol during wet winter and spring, but grows again in the summer and becomes aerosolized in late summer and fall. Sept-Nov. is peak endemic period. The favored soils are alkaline, have a high content of carbonized organic materials and a high salt concentration, particularly calcium sulfate and borates. The sterile surface is reinvaded after the rainy season, possibly when capillary action of evaporation reestablishes a favorable salt concentration. Survival of the organism also occurs in rodent burrows. Rodents may become infected also and may be responsible for spreading the organism.
Occupational hazards are in those occupations in the exposure to soil dust, including agricultural workers, construction workers, telephone pole diggers, and archaeological students. Dark-skinned individuals seem to be more prone to severe infection than Caucasians. AIDS cases limited by geography. Person to person transmission documented in only 5 cases-- 3 were premature infants, one was embalmer who accidentally pricked self while working on a person who had died of the disease. The other case was 6 medical staff members who inhaled arthrospores of Coccidioides growing on a plaster cast of a patient with coccidioidal ostemyelitis.
There is a Coccidioides skin test, very similar to the tuberculosis skin test. The test shows that most people in endemic areas have come into contact with the organism. A small fever is usually the only symptom. Most people don't know they have had it. Thus the skin test is of limited diagnostic value since most people in endemic areas will test positive. The disease must be diagnosed from tissue material-- spherules with endospores must be found for an accurate diagnosis. The disease is notoriously difficult to diagnose-- the expert on this fungus Charles E. Smith wrote in "Reminiscences of the Flying Chlamydospore" that he had misdiagnosed his wife's, his son's and *his own* case of coccidioidomycosis. The limerick at the beginning of this page has been attributed to him.
Since this is the most virulent of the fungal pathogens, it should never be grown out in culture except under very controlled conditions, such as using gloved transfer hood and in screw cap vials. The fungus produces its small arthrospores in abundance in culture. If these escape, they can cause lab infections. These arthrospores can pass through a 2 mm filter found in normal biological safety cabinets/ hoods! It is a very dangerous organism. There have been persistent rumors that it is being developed for use in biological warfare, but it could probably not be grown in a large enough quantity to be used for use in bioterrorism because of the danger it would pose for the people growing it.
Some treatments for systemic coccidioidomycosis include Amphoteracin B or the azoles ketoconazole or itraconazole. Fungal diseases are notoriously difficult to treat because it is difficult to find drugs that kill the fungus without killing the human or animal host. Remember than animals and fungi are rather closely related and have much physiology in common since they are both eukaryotic. It's relatively easy to find ways to kill bacteria causing infections because bacteria are prokaryotic and there are many physiological differences that can be exploited.
Coccidioidomycosis was discovered by Alejandro Posadas in 1891 in a hospital in Buenos Aries, Argentina. He had a patient named Domingo Ezcurra who had the disease, and Posadas was able to study the progression of the disease over the course of seven years. Although the disease was discovered in Argentina, the second case was not found until 35 years later, and fewer than 30 cases were reported there before 1967. Interestingly, the preserved mortal remains of Domingo Ezcurra were found in 1948 in the anatomy museum of the medical school. His head is now the showpiece of the medical school museum and has been exhibited at medical mycology meetings in South America. In fact this picture was taken at such a meeting by Pat Kammeyer of the Loyola University of Chicago.
There is some recent work on Coccidioides by John Taylor and his associates at the University of California- Berkeley. They have DNA evidence that there are in fact two species of Coccidioides. One, still to be called Coccidioides immitis, appears to be restricted to California. Specimens found outside of California appear to be a distinct species and have been renamed named Coccidioides posadasii, after Alejandro Posadas. I don't know what, if any, morphological features distinguish the species. You can read the paper here or find it on your own as: Matthew C. Fisher, Gina L. Koenig, Thomas J. White and John W. Taylor. 2002. Molecular and phenotypic description of Coccidioides posadasii sp. nov., previously recognized as the non-California population of Coccidioides immitis. Mycologia 94(1): 73-84.
By the way, does anyone remember a drum and bugle corps in the 1980's from Modesto, California called Valley Fever? I used to like to watch them. According to an email I got from one of the former members, Anna-Marie Bratton, the corps is kind of starting up again as Fever Drum and Bugle Corps. I wonder how many people who saw the corps knew the origin of their name....?
Thanks to John Rippon, Al Rogers and Tex Beneke (all famous retired medical mycologists!) for their pictures for this month's Fungus of the Month.
I hope you enjoyed learning something about Coccidioides immitis today. I hope you manage to avoid personal contact with this particular fungus. It's a nasty one!
This page and other pages are © Copyright 2002 by Thomas J. Volk, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.


Car Fuse Box Short Circuit: Way circuit car fuse box v dc a unviersal truck auto. V way fuse box block holder car vehicle. .
Universal car truck vehicle way circuit automotive. Automotive electronic fuse circuit. Way fuse holder box car vehicle circuit blade. Way circuit car fuse box v dc a unviersal truck auto. V way fuse box block holder car vehicle. Way car circuit blade fuse box holder v. Fuse holder box way car vehicle circuit automotive blade. Fuse box way block holder circuit with cover. Way blade fuse block holder circuit auto car box. Universal car truck vehicle way circuit automotive. Way circuit v dc blade fuse box block holder for auto. Automotive fuse tester free engine image for. Dc v way circuit car boat auto automotive blade fuse. Fuse box short circuit wiring diagram images. Fuse box short circuit wiring diagram images. Car fuse box short circuit wiring library. V way circuit car automotive blade fuse box block. Amp volt auto marine circuit breaker reset car. Mercedes fuse box diagram w sprinter. Custom relay panels ce auto electric supply.


Johne's disease (JD), also called paratuberculosis, is caused by infection with the organism Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP), leading to chronic diarrhoea and ill thrift in adult cattle . Typically, animals are infected as calves, but do not present with clinical signs until much later in life. Studies on JD are difficult due to long incubation period, complex exposure factors and poor test sensitivity associated with this disease [7, 15, 10]. Johne's disease is considered to adversely affect farm performance and as a result, economic profit. Currently, little data are available about the impact of JD on farm production in Ireland. Based on international studies, JD infection is associated with reduced milk production , increased involuntary culling rates  and increased calving interval and infertility [14, 20]. Concern has been raised over potential links between Johne's disease in cattle and Crohn's disease in humans, which may lead to international barriers to trade in milk and milk products, including infant formula. This is of particular relevance to Ireland, noting concerns about MAP in raw milk , and the significant share (15%) Ireland has in the world powdered infant formula market . This paper aims to describe the impact of JD on an Irish commercial dairy herd, and the effect of animal JD status on several measures of production. The history of the JD outbreak on this farm, including its impact on farm income, has been documented previously . Farm performance prior to the disease outbreak was in the upper quartile of its peer group of milk monitored herds.
This retrospective case study was undertaken on a single commercial dairy herd (the 'case herd') located in the province of Munster in Ireland. The case study is an investigation of the effect of Johne's disease on production in the herd confirmed. The Munster region in the south west of Ireland is the country's premier dairy area: in 2006, 61% of dairy calves in Ireland were born in this province . The study was conducted over 11 years (the 'study period') from 1994 (the year prior to the first JD clinical case on the farm) to 2004. Health and production data from all cows in milk during this period (the 'study animals') were considered. Animal and lactation were each units of interest.
On the study farm, there were an average of 71 cows in milk during the study period, with an annual average milk production of 5550.3 kg/year (SD = 431.2). Over 64% of the herd had Holstein or Friesian genetics, with the balance being a mix of other dairy and beef bloodlines. JD infection was first confirmed in the herd through laboratory diagnosis in April 2000. Between 1995 and 2002, the disease was untreated and herd production decreased . Several reasons (e.g. liver fluke) for the poor herd production were suggested by the veterinarian to the farmer, but none proved correct.
Eventually, the farmer requested that the three animals that were currently very 'poorly' in the herd be tested for Johne's disease in 2000. Following this, a detailed JD herd investigation and testing management commenced in early 2002 to create a suitable JD control programme for the herd. This included the documentation of clinical signs and widespread use of faecal culture and ELISA testing on individual animals in the case herd. Faecal samples for culture were forwarded to the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL) of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (DAFF) where they were cultured on Herrold's egg yolk agar as described previously . ELISA analysis was also conducted at the CVRL using the ELISA Bovine Paratuberculosis Serum Verification kit (Institut Pourquier, France). Animals were considered ELISA positive if the sample (S/P) ratio was ≥ 70, and negative otherwise for the purposes of classification in this study.
The JD control programme, described previously by  focused on the identification of positive animals though a series of ELISA and faecal tests followed by the strategic removal of positive animals. The overall strategy of the control programme focused on maintaining a viable milking enterprise. Removal occurred at the end of the cow's current lactation to reduce economic impacts and avoid over-wintering infectious cattle that are likely to go clinical the following spring. An exception to this was when the animal showed severe clinical signs, in which case it was removed immediately. Removal was combined with management changes (for example, maintaining high bio-security for heifer calves including prompt separation from the dam and the use of colostrum from healthy cows to individually feed calves) to reduce within-herd transmission.
For each study animal, we collected both general data (animal identification number, dates of entry to and exit from the herd, reason for culling and culling price [the monetary value received by the farmer]) and data about each lactation (parity number, calving date, year of lactation, days in milk, milk yield [total kg per lactation] and average [geometric mean over the lactation] somatic cell count [SCC]). These data were obtained from the Irish Cattle Breeders Federation (ICBF), from the DairyMIS system (Moorepark Dairy Production Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland) and from the farm register. Data were also collected about JD-related events, including clinical observations and test results (ELISA and faecal testing dates, test type and test result). These were obtained from farmer, DAFF and CVRL records.
Data were assembled from relevant databases using Microsoft Excel 2003 and Access 2003 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA).
a Included 56 cows culled for JD from 2002 to 2004.
Clinical cases: all animals that presented with clinical signs consistent with JD, including scouring, bottle-jaw development and/or significant body weight loss. Test-positive cases: all animals that were test positive (faecal culture and/or ELISA), but without clinical signs consistent with JD.
Testing did not commence until the latter part of the study period (from 2002 onwards). Given the very high herd prevalence of JD in 2002 and high between animal transmission rate in a highly-infected herd combined with the long incubation period of the disease, the authors were confident that animals with clinical signs prior to 2002 were JD cases. Secondly, as the aim of the control programme was to be economically viable, it was not considered necessary to confirm each JD case. Cases that were confirmed by faecal culture may have been confirmed either pre-culling or post slaughter, depending on the stage of the control programme and how severe clinical signs were in the animal. These two groups of case animals were mutually-exclusive as only non-clinical test positive cases were included in the second group.
The effect of JD status on cull price was examined prior to the start of the herd investigation and subsequent control programmeme, between 1994 and 2002. Cull price of clinical cases was compared to that of all other animals, using an independent t-test. Where applicable, the cull price in punts was converted to euro at the rate of 1 punt1 = 1.27 euro.
Clinical lactation, being a single lactation from each clinical case, either the lactation in which clinical signs were first detected, or the prior lactation if the former had not been completed2.
Pre-clinical lactation: for each clinical case, the lactation immediately preceding the above-mentioned clinical lactation.
Test-positive lactation, being a single lactation from each test-positive case, either the lactation during which the animal first tested JD positive, or the prior lactation if the former had not been completed.
Control 1 (for comparison with clinical lactations) containing cows with a matched lactation selected from all study animals except clinical cases.
Control 2 (for comparison with pre-clinical lactations) containing cows with a matched lactation selected from all study animals except clinical cases.
Control 3 (for comparison with test-positive lactations) containing cows with a matched lactation selected from all study animals except clinical and test-positive cases.
Therefore, three case-control comparisons were used: clinical comparison (clinical lactation, control 1 lactation); pre-clinical comparison (pre-clinical lactation, control 2 lactation); and, test-positive comparison (test-positive lactation, control 3 lactation).
Three separate general linear regression models (one for each case-control comparison) were conducted in SPSS to determine the effect of JD on milk yield (total kg per lactation). DIM was included in the model as a covariate. Model fit was assessed using the R2 value. SCC was assessed by re-coding case and control animals into high SCC and low SCC using a cut-off cell count of 250,000. All values below the cut-off were labelled as low (acceptable cell counts) and values above the cut-off value were labelled as high. The approach of categorising SCC was used by , who similary used a cutoff point of 250,000, that was originally determined by . The frequency of high and low SCC values were compared between case and control groups for each JD status using a Chi2 test.
During the study period, production data were available for 283 animals and 717 lactations. On-farm JD investigations commenced in 2002. Initial herd test results from March of 2002 resulted in 80% of ELISA (n = 91) and 100% of faecal culture tests (n = 18) reading positive which confirmed the presence of Johne's disease at a very high prevalence in the herd. During 2002 to 2004, 765 JD tests (faecal culture (n = 108) and ELISA (n = 657)) were conducted on 211 animals, leading to the identification between 2002 and 2004 of 22 and 98 animals positive on faecal culture and ELISA, respectively (Figure 1).
Testing history summarising the number of animals on the study farm that tested positive for Johne's disease during 2002 to 2004, and were culled with clinical signs consistent with Johne's disease (including scouring, bottle-jaw development and/or significant body weight loss) during 1995 to 2003.
In total, 58 clinical cases were identified in the study herd, the first in 1995. Testing was conducted on 25 of these animals (Figure 1). Not all clinical cases were tested for two reasons: No test results were available on clinical cases occurring prior to 2002 as systematic animal testing only commenced in 2002. From 1995 to 2002, clinical cases were those that had presented with clinical signs consistent with JD. Once the herd was declared positive and widespread culling commenced in 2002 as part of the JD control programme, it was not considered necessary to test each clinical case. Clinical signs consistent with JD were not observed after 2003.
During the study period, infertility and JD culls (which only included animals culled due to the JD control programme from 2002-2004) were the main reasons for culling (Table 1), accounting for 31.3% and 28.3% of culls, respectively. Table 1 displays the influence of all other culling reasons: abortion, accident, bad legs, damaged udder, late calving, low production, mastitis, old age, other reasons, pining, slow milker, surplus and TB. Infertility had a steady influence on culling decisions throughout the study period (Figure 2). However, infertility was a more frequent reason for culling at the start, compared to the end, of the study period (Figure 2). High counts of 'other reasons' seen in 1996, 1997 and 2001 were all due to a high number of animals culled as 'surplus' in these years. The temporal trend in the number of cows by parity (1, 2, 3, 4+) is presented in Figure 3. There is evidence of a steadily increasing replacement rate over the study period, particularly post 1999, when parity one animals make up the largest parity group on the farm. Figure 3 highlights the dramatic switch in parity structure in the herd over the study period.
Count of culls on the study farm. During 2002-2004, 'JD cull' cows were culled as part of the JD control programme.
The temporal trend in the number of cows in the study herd, by parity.
The average milk yield and number of clinical and testpositive cases in the study herd during 1995 to 2004 is presented in Figure 4.
The average milk yield, and number of clinical and test-positive cases, during the study period during 1995 to 2004, testing for JD started in 2002.
There was a significant difference in cull price for 18 clinical cases compared to 59 non-JD culls (mean difference of €516, P < 0.001).
The number of lactations in each case-control comparison is presented in Table 2. The adjusted effect of JD status on milk yield for each case-control comparison is presented in Table 3. JD status was associated with a significant difference in milk yield in the clinical lactation, with an annual reduction of 1259.3 kg of milk compared to the matched control group.
Negative value indicates that average yield was lower in case compared to control lactations.
No significant effect of JD status on SCC was noted for any of the three match case control groups. No case or control group had an average cell count of greater than 140,000. The highest noted cell count amongst the six groups was 1,240,000 (recorded from a control animal), which was 400,000 higher than the next highest count. Only 10/254 (4%) animals had cell counts over 400,000, and 19/254 (7%) animals had counts higher than 250,000.
This study highlights the adverse impact of JD on herd fertility, parity structure and milk production in a single Irish dairy herd. The adverse effects of the JD had both direct and indirect effects on farm performance. Direct impacts of JD on production included a decrease in milk yield and cull price in animals with clinical signs. Indirect impacts of JD noted in the herd were high levels of culling for infertility and changes to parity structure. This change in parity structure during the study period was a consequence of increasing replacement rates.
These impacts combined to have negative economic consequences for the herd, as noted by Barrett et al. . Significant losses in milk production in the last full lactation (-1259.3 kg/lactation) by clinical animals compared to non-clinical cows support concerns that JD is associated with reduced milk production in the herd. Similar results have been noted elsewhere [15, 20]. Bulk milk tank SCC is considered a measure of milk quality, and counts greater than 200,000 cells/mL have been found to constitute economic loss [19, 16]. No difference in SCC between case and control animals was noted in this study, and although higher counts in individual animals may affect bulk tank readings, it would appear that SCC did not respond to high levels of JD infection in the herd. Culling price was significantly lower (516 on average) for clinical animals compared to animals culled without clinical signs. High rates of culling due to infertility and increasing replacement rates result in indirect (long term) costs to production. High replacement rates are inefficient, noting that a parity one cow milks at approximately 75% of her mature equivalent . At the beginning of the study period, the milking herd was predominantly mature milking cows. However, this changed during the study period towards younger cows. Heifers may have reduced feed efficiency and possibly smaller calves compared to mature cows . Furthermore, high culling rates may make it hard to retain high genetic merit animals in the herd .
At the farm level, aggressive control programmes often include a culling strategy where a decision must be made when to cull the JD infected animal. This decision must balance the need to maintain farm profitability with reducing (or eliminating) disease transmission in the herd [7, 21]. A farmer (and possibly his/her assisting veterinarian) can only cull on the information available to them: the approach used here was aimed to help inform culling decisions. In the current study, definitions of JD status were intended to apply in a practical context. Once a herd has been identified as positive, clinical signs and ELISA tests are convenient ways to identify positive animals. The study investigated milk yield and SCC at three different stages of JD infection: the lactation where the animals showed clinical signs: the lactation prior to that; and, lactation of test positive animals not showing clinical signs. These definitions worked well, the main problem being that the lactation prior to clinical signs could only be determined for animals identified as clinical, which meant that this group was constrained to only include animals that had clinical signs. Animals that were culled on ELISA results prior to showing clinical signs or those that did not show any clinical signs at the time of the study (but later did), would not be included. As such, there may have been animals that belonged in this group but could not be correctly identified on the available data. Our results suggest that test positive and pre-clinical animals did not show any milk loss. This information, combined with knowledge that clinical animals often shed high bacterial counts, can aid optimal culling decisions. For example, from an economic perspective, where production loss was not noted in the absence of clinical signs, early culling would not improve herd milk production. No effect of JD on production was noted for animals positive by test only. This finding is consistent with results from three out of four herds investigated in a New Zealand study  which used repeated ELISA testing to identify JD in cattle. However, in the current study, all clinical positive animals were removed from the test positive group before the analysis which may have affected the results for the test positive group.
This study would suggest there is little loss in milk yeild for animals not showing clinical signs, however the financial impact of the disease in the herd discussed by  clearly shows the large reduction in performance over the time period in comparison to other milk recorded herds. As controls were selected from within herd, the overall effect of the disease could not be assessed. A case-control study is not a comparison between diseased and 'healthy' animals; rather it is in investigation between cases and individuals that have had the same potential for exposure to infection . In this study, to some degree, all animals in the herd probably had exposure to MAP as it was well established in the herd. This study only considers within-herd effects, therefore possible herd-level suppression of milk due to JD is not considered. If this latter possibility were true, then differences between clinical/sub-clinical and healthy non-JD affected control animals could be much greater if herd-level infection were taken into account . The study farm offered a unique opportunity to examine the effect of JD on herd production in Ireland. This farm had excellent production records, including detailed milk recording data, over many years, thereby enabling quantitative analyses to be conducted. Because this study was conducted on a single herd, these findings are difficult to extrapolate. Nonetheless, the impacts of this disease are unlikely to be dissimilar in other Irish herds where JD has established, or is establishing. At the time of this study, further suitable herds (that is, those with both JD and extensive records over many years) were not available. It would be valuable to repeat this study using data (when available) from a range of infected and non-infected herds, to examine animal and herd-level factors. Comparisons of production between herds are complicated by having to account for all confounding variables between herds, and expensive as each herd would have to be completely tested, possibly on several occasions.
The effect of JD on measures of fertility was not quantified in this study as tight culling practises on infertility were considered to have affected calving interval data for cows. Furthermore, no account was taken of other factors (e.g. herd management) that may have changed over the study period, although the farm was run by the same owner/operator over the entire period. Similarly, no 'time' effects, such as inflation were accounted for in the cull price analysis. As a result of broad concerns regarding both human and animal health, efforts to control JD are underway in leading dairy nations, such as the Netherlands, a number of US states (including New York, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin), France, Great Britain and Australia . These concerns are also relevant to the Irish dairy industry, which exports approximately 85% of annual production . To keep in line with other leading dairying countries, Ireland may need to look further into the practicalities of JD control both on-farm and nationally. Currently, Irish government and industry are working to set up a herd health initiative to better manage a range of animal health issues in cattle. The production impacts noted in this paper highlights some of the potential issues JD poses to farmers in Ireland. Clinical JD infection negatively impacted milk yield and culling price in the study herd. In contrast, little effect was noted for SCC or sub-clinical infections. These effects, in combination with infertility and high replacement rates, contributed to economic losses for the farm over this period . Comparable infections are likely to have similar economic implications for Irish farmers with clinical infections in the herd.
This case study has provided preliminary information regarding the effects of JD status on both herd and animallevel performance in Ireland.
1 The 'Punt' is the term used for the Irish pound which was the currency used in Ireland before the country converted to using the Euro on January 1, 2002.
2 In this study, an 'incomplete lactation' was where the lactation persisted for less than 100 days.
The authors wish to thank Margaret Good and Martin Hayes DAFF for their generous help in providing laboratory test data and on-farm JD control programme background information. Furthermore, the authors wish to thank the Irish Cattle Breeding Federation for providing milk recorded data (with farmer permission) from the case herd for the study. This study would not have been possible without the co-operation and assistance of the farmer involved, for which the authors are very grateful. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of CVERA in the writing of this paper.


Karel van der Berg from Lely talked about the development of the Lely Astronaut - the worlds first cow milking robot. The development of what would later be called 'the most important invention of the 20th century for dairy farmers' started in 1985. It was clear right from the start that the milking robot would have to be installed amongst the cows. . Karel van den Berg and René Fransen, both of them involved right from the start of the development, remember the prerequisites very well: "The cows need to visit the robot of their own accord and there should be as few barriers as possible." To ensure a highly flexible connection between the teat cups and the 'solid world' the designers opted for a cord. Cornelis van der Lely, one of the founders of the Lely Group, raised the idea to call the milking robot 'Astronaut'. This is also because the teat cups are connected − through an umbilical cord, as it were, with the 'mother ship', i.e. the milking robot proper.


Stock hammer spring is direct replacement for AR15, AR10 Rifles, Carbines and AR pistols. It is a direct replacement for the factory hammer spring found in common GI Mils-spec Lower Parts Kits (LPK). Will function in stock GI triggers both single stage and double stage.
All you need is a punch or hex wrench small enough in diameter to push out the hammer pin located in your AR15 lower. Once you push out the hammer pin, the hammer and spring can be removed from the lower. Take note of the orientation of the spring as it sits on the hammer so that you can install the new spring in the same position. Simply pull the spring off the hammer by grabbing one of the coils and pull. Install the new spring onto the hammer and reinsert the hammer/spring into the lower while pushing the hammer pin back into place through the lower. Be careful not to force the pin as you attempt to push it through the lower. Remember the lower is aluminum and the pin is steel, so forcibly hitting the pin or pushing harshly it may cause damage to your lower if all is not lined up perfectly.


text:
Q: GridSearch returns different result than metrics.precision_score I have a quite simple text classification setup where i need to optimize the precision score. I use scikit-learn with a LinearSVC and a TfidfVectorizer. To find the optimal parameters, i use a GridSearchCV as in the scikit-learn example.
My data set consists of 3400 text samples, from which 450 are labeled as 1. Therefore, i set the class_weight parameter of the SVM to 'auto', as is suggested in the documentation (it has been renamed to 'balanced' in the latest version of scikit).
training = load_training_data(some_file.json)

d_train = training['data']
d_test = training['target']

x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
    d_train, d_test, test_size=0.33)

vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer()

X_train = vectorizer.fit_transform(x_train)
X_test = vectorizer.transform(x_test)

param_grid = {
    'C': [0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000],
}

grid = GridSearchCV(
    LinearSVC(class_weight='auto'),
    param_grid=param_grid,
    scoring='precision',
    cv=5
)

grid.fit(X_train, y_train)
pred = grid.predict(X_test)

print(grid.best_score_)                      # returns 0.829
print(metrics.precision_score(y_test, pred)) # returns 0.768

now from my understanding, shouldn't the last 2 values be the same? shouldn't grid.best_score_ return the best precision found and that should be equal to the precision_score calculated by the metrics module? The values actually differ quite a bit and i am still trying to figure out why.

A: grid.best_score_ is the result of cross-validation on train dataset while metrics.precision_score(y_test, pred) is calculated on the test dataset prediction.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What is the best custom ROM for Sony Experia P?
Are you lloking for the best custom ROM for Sony Experia P? Ask our experts for the best suggestions.
Hi friends, I have a two years old Sony Experia P phone. I have rooted this phone. As Sony UI is heavy one, there are many processes running. Out of 1GB RAM, I have only around 350 MB RAM left to use for running applications.
I have many apps like Google maps to reduce the RAM consumption and to avoid battery consumption. I have put my phone in both standby mode and low battery mode. But still battery drains faster on continuous usage even for short time.
I want to try some custom ROM as I have rooted my phone. Now, I am currently in Jellybean. I am thinking of upgrading it to Lollypop or higher or Cyanogen or any custom ROM that will help me with reduced RAM usage by inbuilt apps and less battery consumption. Please suggest me the best custom ROM for my Sony Experia P Thanks.
The ROM has been indicated to have best in class performance. It does come with GAPPS included. So, you will not face any issues with the Google apps after installing this ROM. MIUI ROM has been stated to have no battery drain issues. It has support for Mobile Bravia Engine 2.
The ROM is developed by XDA developers. You will get Xperia T/V apps and many other Xperia T/V services. Google apps are supported on this ROM.
The ROM is again developed by XDA developers. It supports camera MOD with Cyber shot with HDR. You can get On Screen button enabler and stock Xperia launcher. It also comes with PlayStation Mobile for your device.
The ROM is based on original Sony firmware. It has root permissions enabled. Unnecessary apps have been removed. It does have almost all the features of the stock ROM. Sony Bravia 2 Engine is supported.
Here are some of the ROMs that you can try on your Sony Experia P. Make sure you check if the ROM has been tested on the model before you root the device for installation.
1. SlimROM: This ROM works with almost all the android phones. It is frugal version of the default android OS. The ROM also reduces the amount of RAM being used by the apps. So this is the ROM you need if you don't want ROM to consume much resource.
2. Cataclysm: Another frugal ROM with more focus on the performance. I'd say, compared to SlimROM this may consume more RAM but still good on 1GB memory. The current release of the cataclysm was only meant for the Nexus devices, however XDA developers have ported the ROM to other devices. So this option is now open to you.
3. XenonHD: This is more suitable for you if you run games and need more performance from ROM. Most of the ROMs run low when they are on 1GB RAM. This ROM is officially tested on Sony devices. So you can be rest assured that it works with your phone.
4. Paranoid Android ROM is simple and clean UI. Compared to default ROM, it is much easier to navigate. Also it takes less resources compared to Sony's UI and even CyanogenMod mod. It doesn't have much bloatware into it, so it can be easy for you to choose this ROM without much compromising on the UI side.
5. Honami : It was designed for the Xperia Z stock ROM. And it is now being ported to other Sony devices. This ROM looks similar to the MIUI 5 ROM. It doesn't add much bloatware into your device. It has quick navigation like Xeon. Also works good with low RAM such as 1GB.
Avatar: This ROM is basically combo of MIUI and CyanoGenMod. It doesn't add much bloatwaare into your system. It is good for tweaking and for customization. It's also lot quicker on phone than Honami and Paranoid Android.
There are many other frugal ROMs that you can try for performance improvement. Just check if those ROM supports your device. Often some ROMs can be easily ported but some requires tweaking before installing. So I suggest keeping tab on XDA developers forum.
Note: You can install MIUI 7, Oxygen OS 8, CoolUI 8, FlymeOS on XPeria too. However do note that these OS may not be good enough for device that has 1GB RAM. For example, phone with MIUI 7 runs very slow and can't run two apps at the same time. However MIUI 6 maybe good for the Xperia P. I don't suggest installing other high resource hungry ROMs such as Flyme, Oxygen etc.
Sorry I have missed this point. I havent unlocked my bootloader. I couldnt do it with minimal ADB and fastboot.
So I am looking for ROMS that are for locked bootloaders. Could you please tell the ROMS from the above list that are meant for locked bootloaders.


Ryan is a local entrepreneur and young professional, born and raised in Brockville, who sought out his Masters in Kinesiology before returning to the area to set up his own business, RD Athletics Therapy & Training. He is a registered Kinesiologist, Massage Therapist, and Certified Exercise Physiologist with the Canadian Society of Exercise Physiology. After starting his PhD at the University of Waterloo he realized that he "preferred working with clients versus doing research on petri dishes." After living in Ottawa, St. Catharines, Waterloo, and Red Deer, Alberta, Ryan returned to Brockville and in 2014 participated in the first round of the Starter Company program with the Leeds Grenville Small Business Enterprise Centre. Through that program he got his business, RD Athletics Therapy & Training up and running.
"Although when I was younger and thought I wanted to live in the bigger cities, dealing with city commutes, higher costs of living and generally more hustle and bustle in larger city centers made me realize how much I missed Brockville.
RD Athletics – Therapy & Training provides manual therapy, rehabilitation and semi-private personal training services. We strive to educate and empower our clients to independently manage their pain/injuries and physical health and truly take ownership of their role in keeping their body moving and feeling good. I have recently added 2 yoga instructors to offer this complementary service, as well as one of whom is certified and assists in supervising the semi-private training services.
During my B.Sc. I began to take on personal training clients, and continued to train both individuals and group clients ranging from Olympic Weightlifting to geriatrics. Through all of my employment in health and fitness facilities I always felt the way that services were provided were more about profits than truly helping the clients and involving them in the process. This is what drove my desire to open my own facility: to offer the services of rehabilitation and training to truly help clients obtain the best possible outcomes and involve them in the process as much as possible.
3. How long have you been in business for?
I am currently in my 4th year of business operations. I incorporated in July of 2017 and plan to add other therapists and trainers over the next 3 to 5 years of the business.
4. What do you like most about working for your own company?
As an employee, I never felt as though I could use my knowledge and skill set to its fullest potential. Emphasis on quantity over quality left much to be desired for both clients and employees. I believe being able to use the approach and skill set I feel best suits each client gives me the best job satisfaction. Each client is different, and each therapist has their own way of working. As I expand, I plan to bring on therapists that have their own unique approaches, and give them the freedom to use their unique skill sets to assist in helping with the mission of the business and increase its ability to help more people.
5. How did you know that Brockville would be a good fit for your business?
After being able to be involved with varsity teams, a variety of health and rehabilitation facilities I felt there was a market for a business to operate differently from the others in the area in that same market. In this day and time, individuals are becoming ever more interested in their personal health and the motivated ones want to learn how to play an active role in that process. Those are the clients I go after, motivated individuals who understand that regardless of whether it is fitness or rehabbing an injury, their role in the process is the primary one. Symptom management is not our goal, but rather to determine the causes of the issues in the first place so we can fix them at their root cause.
6. What is something most people don't know about your industry?
I think to be honest the general population feels like training needs to be really complicated and also super intense. Individuals coming to me for rehabilitation who have never been taught how to fix the issues with self-guided home exercise programs feel extremely empowered when they see the results of some very basic drills at home on a daily basis. Continually changing work outs every time someone is working with a trainer is simply a way to entertain and not a way to actually get results. I'm not afraid to implement a training regimen that I know will produce results for fear that the client will eventually not need me. I'd rather focus on what the client needs in order to fix the root of their symptoms.
7. Do you offer any new or unique products or services?
I have a system called NuCalm, which is a proprietary technology that can manage stress at the level of the brain. It is extremely effective, and can be used for a large variety of conditions such as anxiety, sleep issues, recovery from physical training, and a variety of other issues.
8. What is next for your company?
My goals are to bring on a similarly-minded chiropractor, physical therapist, other trainers and ideally even a family doctor to be able to offer a truly multidisciplinary approach to the local population's health and fitness needs. In addition, I plan to move to a larger facility with proper sound separations to allow for current services to occur simultaneously.
9. What do you like to do when you are not at work?
I am very into training and also road cycling. Both of which sometimes still occur in the gym. Being a bit of a gym rat at heart, luckily my business is my passion and therefore I tend to spend a lot of my spare time doing activities in the facility. I also enjoy spending time with my girlfriend and her daughter, and soon to be our little boy expected in October of 2018.
10. What is your favourite part about living and working in Brockville?
I think I really enjoy the closeness of everything, the quick ability to get around and see my family so easily. In terms of work, I love being able to help a wide range of clients from high-schoolers looking to optimize their sport performance to older individuals just trying to maintain an active lifestyle to keep their quality of life high into later years.
11. What do you think the biggest misconception is about living in Brockville?
I think a lot of people, myself included previously, think there isn't much to do. The reality is there is plenty to keep busy with in a wide range of activities and interests. Not to mention, the proximity to larger cities like Ottawa and Kingston being less than an hour away mean that more or less any type of activity is not far.
The ability to visit the cities when needed, but enjoy the less busy more relaxed vibe of Brockville during the week is something I never want to give up. Life is short, I can't imagine spending an hour or more a day on my way to and from work.
12. What would you say is the "best kept secret" about Brockville?
I think in general the water front is amazing. It is second to none and just a beautiful aspect of the city and what it has to offer.
13. What would you tell other young professionals who are considering moving to Brockville?
I think Brockville has a lot of opportunity for young, ambitious professionals and entrepreneurs compared to larger cities. Less competition, lower costs of doing business and a generally more laid back lifestyle - it really can't be beat. I think with technology continuing to advance the abilities of individuals to work from a distance makes Brockville even better.
14. What advice would you give to other would-be entrepreneurs?
I think the biggest thing is to make sure whatever you're trying to start up in terms of a business is something you are passionate about. From my experience, I just can't imagine being able to maintain the drive and work ethic I needed to have to be successful if it wasn't something I both enjoyed and truly believed in. Also, and likely far more important, is making use of mentors. I didn't do this early on in my business but since getting other business owners involved with my ideas I have really gained a better perspective. Those people don't need to be in your field either; my primary mentors are involved in trades, and other professionals such as dentistry and law. The more different the business, sometimes the better their different perspective can help you see things you wouldn't on your own.


text:
Roadtrip: Spring's The Time For Palouse Falls
Erika Prins Simonds May 1, 2011 Road TripsTravel
Inland northwest residents talk about the Missoulian Floods like they're a story out of the Bible—most people even call them "The Great Floods."
Fifteen thousand years ago, glacial floods rerouted rivers, carved out ravines, and created new lakes from Lake Missoula to the Columbia River. The floods left our region punctuated by the Channeled Scablands, geological formations unlike any others in the world. The story is just wacky enough to sound like a fable.
Perhaps that's why geologist Harlen Bretz—who first argued that floods caused our unique geological landscape—met resistance from other geologists when he first proposed his theory. For forty years, despite being disregarded and publicly embarrassed by his peers, Bretz continued to gather evidence.
Turned out Bretz was right and those other guys were "ye of little faith." (In 1979, at 96 years old, Bretz received the Geological Society of America's highest award, the Prenrose Medal, to celebrate his findings.)
But perhaps the best way to quell doubts is to show, rather than tell, our Great Flood story. Plenty of landmarks in the region testify to its truth. None do it as eloquently as Palouse Falls—the last remaining waterfall on the glacial flood path. Measuring 198 feet, the Palouse Falls are higher than Niagara Falls, though not nearly as wide.
Originally flowing through the now-dry Washtuctna Coulee, the Palouse River was diverted to its current course to the Snake River when the floods eroded a new channel—which is why the ravine in which it flows appears too big to have been carved by the river itself.
Visit Palouse Falls State Park as soon as possible to see the rush of winter run-off. This 105-acre, dog-friendly camping park is located in Franklin County, 23 miles southeast of Washtucna, Wash.
Recommendations for the roadtrip: Stock up on water and snacks before leaving Washtucna, since none are available in the state park. If red barns and windmills are your thing, you'd better sit in the passenger seat with a camera in hand on the way—everything between Spokane and the falls is pure Americana.
At the park, picnic tables and a lawn make for a great family lunch spot. (Hint: Follow the marmots to the best lookout spots.) Make sure young kids stay far from the edge of the cliff. A trail starts at the parking lot and heads north along the bluff to the railroad tracks. Once you leave the tracks, you'll have several options—all perilous—for tumbling down the hillside of loose rock. If you make it to the bottom, you'll probably survive the rest of the trek. Stay on the not-so-well-marked trail, which will take you to the banks of the Palouse River above the falls. (Caution: There is no safe way to hike to the base of the falls, despite some "trails" that may indicate otherwise.)
The winding trail alongside the river feels like a Tim Burton movie with the lights on. Reeds tower over your head and moss grows in neon shades. Creepy flowers peek out through dead branches. Definitely bring a camera.
Where the trail meets the water, a turn in the river's course forms a perfect spot to stick your toes in and cool off. Nobody knows how many floods passed through here, but you can try to guess by counting the layers visible along the walls of the gorge.
You'll know you're at the falls when the jagged orange basalt rocks that looked tiny from the campground suddenly tower above you. You won't have to get too close to feel like you might fall in, but inch a little closer and look down.
Then imagine chucking yourself down in a kayak. Sounds scary, but it's been done. In late 2009, Montanan daredevil Tyler Bradt set the world record at Palouse Falls for taking the longest plunge ever in a kayak. He found a smooth "tongue" on one side of the top from which to begin his descent.
Bradt and his red kayak emerged at the bottom six seconds later, mostly intact. Bradt had a broken wrist and his kayak had a snapped oar—minor damages, all things considered. He said he took the plunge to prove human beings can achieve the feat. Just in case, though, a medical team awaited him.
Palouse Falls and the guy who can't pronounce their name (he says it pay-loos) shared a moment of fame, during which parents everywhere thanked their stars for children who play "safe" sports like ice hockey and roller derby.
Out There Monthly does not recommend you attempt to kayak the falls. But do visit any time through early summer to experience this geological awesomeness at its best.
For more information about visiting Palouse Falls State Park, go to www.parks.wa.gov. Campsites: $10 per night (10 sites available); check-in time: 2:30 pm. Park hours: May through September, 6:30 am to dusk; October through April, 8 am to dusk.
To take the more scenic route, but longer route, drive south on Highway 195, then west on Highway 26 to Washtucna. From there, drive 15 miles southeast of the junction of routes 260 and 261, then take Palouse Falls Road East. For a shorter ride, drive west on I-90 toward Ritzville, then south on Highway 261 to Washtucna.
Previous ArticleMay Book Reviews
Next ArticlePunish Stuff: Gear Reviews
Erika Prins Simonds
Erika bicycles as her primary mode of transportation. She stays healthy by running and playing pick-up team sports. You can find more of her writing at erikaprins.com.
Campervanning With the Petting Zoo
Out There Outdoors October 15, 2020
Ride These Short, Scenic Sections of North Idaho's Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes
Out There Outdoors September 23, 2020
Escape to North Idaho for Fall Colors and Wildlife
Out There Outdoors September 1, 2020
Safe Adventuring on the Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes
Out There Outdoors August 18, 2020
Wallace, Idaho Adventures: Hiking, Biking, History, Dining, and Nightlife
Out There Outdoors August 4, 2020
5 Tips to Hike Responsibly
Summer Hess July 27, 2020


The Deutz parts have been produced in China and assembled in Germany together with the Stamford parts.
Year 2009 – 2010 NEW never used – all have been tested & the filters have been replaced.
The stock includes 1 x 20 feet container of spare parts.


text:
National Network for Children
Projects and Campaigns
Children from Varna won an award from NASA
The award of the children is an invitation to participate in a four day conference of NASA in Washington in May which however they cannot attend due to financial reasons.
A team of students from the Varna observatory won second place in the prestigious international competition of NASA for cosmic colonies, announced the Bulgarian National Television.
The award of the talented children is an invitation to participate in a four day conference of NASA in Washington in May which however the children cannot attend due to financial reasons. The costs for a child are envisaged to be between 3000 and 4000 USD.
Photo: sxc.hu/saavem
Това правят проблемите, когато не се решават – взривяват се16 January 2020
Децата с увреждания могат да настигнат връстниците си, но с професионална помощ от самото раждане14 January 2020
Карин дом започна записванията за програма "Шанс за равни възможности"17 January 2020
Тревожно: деца сами произвеждат детска порнография14 January 2020
Изпратихме Мария Донкова – един от будителите на България10 January 2020
Opening Doors for Europe's Children
The Opening Doors for Europe's Children campaign aims to support national efforts to develop child protection systems that strengthen families and ensure high-quality family and community-based alternative care for children, by leveraging EU funding and policy and building capacity in civil society.
More about the project
The National Network for Children's annual report evaluates as in school whether the government and administration have fulfilled their commitments to the children in the last year.
Child Rights Hubs for Children in Conflict and Contact with the Law
The main objective of the project, funded by the Velux Foundation, is to establish four Centers for children's rights and piloting services aimed at children in conflict and in contact with the law.
The National Network for Children founded the Golden Apple Awards to distinguish the contribution of public figures, ordinary people and organization, working to improve Bulgarian children live and welfare.
The child participation guarantees children rights and suppose that children not only share their opinions freely, but also they are active participants in community and social processes, related to child-adult bonding, to acquire communication competence and to empower children.
House of Children
Help us to build the House for Children. It will be a new, modern, contemporary House for Children from across the country. A place for events and training center for development of skills that will be needed TOMORROW in order our children to be successful people and leaders.
Chapter: Children help movement against physical threatening and emotional repression
Following the best practices in Iceland, the project aims to pilot comprehensive program of care in 3 countries – Bulgaria, Portugal, Cyprus in direction of recognition and empowerment of children and their parents and authorities leaving out the position of inert following the pattern of violence and initiate a process of self-awareness of personal own value of the youngest members of our society.
Foster a child. Create future
The foster care is an opportunity for children, deprived of own parents care to grow up in a family environment, to establish an emotional bond with the foster parents, to adopt social behavior models and to develop their potential to live independently.
Офис: бул. "Витоша" №58, ет. 4, София 1463
Еmail: office@nmd.bg
© 2020 Copyright The National Network for Children, PRIVACY POLICY, Website


conducted up in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan! The event is sponsored by the Upper Peninsula Section of the American Chemical Society.
Intended Audience: Undergraduate and Graduate students, pursuing research projects through externally-funded grants, guided independent study, or as part of a course. No Cost to Present!
Awards! We will be judging posters and offering prize money to the best overall posters and presentations. Many awards will be given! All presenters will receive a gift from the UP Local Section.
Travel Support: A limited amount of travel support is available. If you wish to apply, please check the "travel support request" box when you submit your poster abstract. You will be contacted after registration closes.


text:
After a long day enjoying Iceland's famous and unforgettable spa retreat at Blue Lagoon, I am indeed very hungry. And Iceland has a lot of healthy, Scandinavian food to offer. But do not think of ever missing a luxury dinner at Dill Restaurant. Iceland's most rewarded restaurant. as well as its first and only Michelin-starred restaurant.
About a Luxury Dinner at Dill Restaurant
Dill was opened back in 2009 and is now a modern Nordic restaurant rediscovering Icelandic culinary traditions. A luxury diner at Dill Restaurant would include local ingredients of the highest quality, including a lot of dry fish, a other dark Northern flavors.
The chef and his team also strive to use ingredients growing wild in Iceland, which makes this restaurant even more peculiar. The use these when at the peak of their natural flavor and trying not to alter their natural taste. The chef also uses preserving techniques which were already used by the Nordic ancestors, such as salting, drying, smoking, pickling and fermenting.
Dill's Interior Design
Located in a former barn in Hverfisgatan 12 in Reykjavik, Dill has been designed by interior designer Halfan Pedersen, who's also behind the interiors of Kex Hostel and Snaps. A luxury dinner at Dill Restaurant would in fact be characterized by a very distinctive industrial style and colours. Such as the grey from the un-mended and cracked walls.
The dark and muted greens of the lamps, the bar stools. And the darker, warmer tones of the leather and the wood. Because of its outstanding and memorable interior design, in fact, Dill has been nominated for the Restaurant & Bar Design Awards of 2015. Making a luxury dinner at Dill Restaurant not just a delicious meal, but an adventure into on of the best designed restaurants I have been to.
Inside the Bar Hemingway Ritz Paris


text:
Q: Display Blob as Image on Website using html i want to display a Blob from my Database with the following line:

-> here i get no text or image

-> here i get the text of the blob


Nothing is better than seeking by yourself. This one Moes Foliage Table Sculpture point out its good and those one tell smashing but it cannot meaning that it will be good for you. Do not wait for long time. Following trying, you will find the cause in the future and falling in love with it.
Foliage Table Sculpture by Moes Home. This bronze table sculpture resembles coral reef. Wonderful table top decor.


Assimilation is the process of learning and understanding something so fully that you can use the skill without thinking about it. For new features and functions, assimilation is to absorb and adopt them so they become habits. Once a project is delivered it takes time for the features and functions to be fully understood and assimilated into the business operations or a daily routine. The more complex the features and functions the harder it is to absorb and adopt skills and turn them into habits. In addition, the larger the number of new features and functions the longer it takes for them to become habits. The time between the number and complexity of features and functions introduced before they become habits is exponential, not linear.
The Standish Group has long advocated that organizations deliver application or system functions and features using microprojects. Microprojects deliver a limited number of functions and features. This technique improves application assimilation. However, the time between assimilation and the delivery of the next microproject with a wave of new features and functions is often too short. Therefore, The Standish Group promotes the benefits of taking a break from the application. Benefits of a break include improved feedback and buy-in. The major benefit of taking a break is the possibility for the cession of future microprojects for that application. In other words, you stop creating new features and functions and move that application into maintenance mode.
Application cession or resolution can be accomplished at any time the users and stakeholders are satisfied with the application and the delivered features and functions. A good place to consider this event is after the delivery of a microproject. Two charts in our Modernization in Place paper depict both the usage and value of features and functions. It is clear from the data in these charts that developing all the features and functions is a waste of time, money, and resources. In addition, overbuilding or completing an application can lead to higher maintenance costs and delays in future valuable features and functions.
One of the drawbacks of delivering application features and functions in microprojects is the inevitable backlash and knee-jerk reaction from the users and stakeholders on the missing expected features and functions. This is where a break really helps. Taking a two- to three-month break and having the team move on to another application lets the users and stakeholders grumble and gripe as they work with the current features and functions. During this period the users will typically find they do not really need many of the missing features and functions. They will also find they do not need some of the delivered features and functions. This means the first thing a team should do after the break is a refactoring microproject. After the refactoring microproject the team and the users will be more in-tune for the next microproject or acceptance of the application as complete.


text:
package t1000678_3;

public class JavaTest {
	public static void test()  {
		Loggable.RunUnit run = new Loggable.RunUnit(4711);
		System.out.println(run.id());

		Loggable.RunUnit.C c = run.new C();
		c.foo();
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub