Washington has provided us with an extensive amount of documentation that shows the unimaginable treatment and care African Americans and minorities have received by physicians in the name of science. It's just so interesting how college brings together people from all over the world, with such diverse experiences, beliefs and dreams. I found that the texts get harder and harder every year. This is a very, very valuable skill. . College, High school, Learning 925 Words 3 Pages Essay 1 Professor McNair English 101-K35A7 October 14,2013 Is This The Place I Want To Stay In? Would they still experience hunger if their stomach is removed? The objective of the course was to make us better writers, and I certainly have improved. He then continued by telling the author to be individual and write what is meant to be stated.
When the class is more fun it causes the students to become better motivated to do well. Elementary school is where my academics learning begins. For example, many people know that French has influenced both American and English culture, but not through studying the subject or learning French. Anxiety affects most of the human mind some people struggle with the feelings more than others and it will affect their normal routines and life. When I first arrived in Canada, I only knew some vocabulary and phrases that I was studying from a textbook for a month prior my arrival. This book depicts a kid with autism really well.
Reflecting on the past eight months, I notice that our English class has taught me skills necessary to develop personal, informative, and persuasive essays. I suddenly had so many choices to make. I am so happy that I was able to complete my first semester. My writing skills throughout the semester I believed has improved tremendously. Next, we have writing one paragraph essays a. To quote Socrates, A man is not truly wise until he accepts the simple fact that he does not know everything and only then can he be considered wise. We have someone renting the other floor in the house.
What have I learned in English class…?
To be able to understand why there are recessions, inflation, and deflation one must have an understanding of money supply, interest rates, investing, and the effects of government policy. The benefits of this course are obviously plentiful in terms of academics but also in terms of life skills. It started in 1066 when William the Conqueror won at the Battle of Hastings Delahoyde 1 , took the British crown by force, and brought French language and its influence into the quaint British countryside McIntyre 12. This class was very different than any high school English class I have ever been a part of. This farm has cows, chickens, and other farm animals. This time around was different, as I set my goal to.
All of this helps us produce better papers. Also, rather than writing a list, consider focusing on one core belief. You learn how to forge your own character, and not just be a conformist. I have also learned how to be an effective communicator and leader. Isn't learning how to correctly write and interpret the English language important? I have always struggled with English and before this semester had assumed that the college level class would be.
I think that the greatest factor about my writing that I realized I need to work on is preciseness. My confidence in writing is off the charts, and I actually enjoy writing! I used to think as long as you get whatever you want to write out of your system then everything else will take care of itself, but that cannot be further away from the truth. In addition, I learned the rules of the art of conversation consisting of give and take, actively listen to what others are saying, and think about what lessons can be learned, mirroring or paraphrasing what the person said, literal level, and emotional level, and lastly, be calm and confident. Quinn is then forced to adapt and the text goes into great detail about his life on the streets. We learned how to make good presentations. You taught me valuable skills that I will continue to use as I further my education. Class I railroad, Creative writing, Education 1002 Words 3 Pages Name Date Class Class Assessment Assignment If I were the teacher, I would teach the class similarly to the way you teach us.
That is, I feel, a very important thing that I learned this semester. The reflections that I am talking about are ones such as weekly comment five and this paper four. The sample essays helped me in a way of looking at the work the students did before me and kind of get an idea of how I need to organize my essay. I am genuinely appreciative for all the things that I have learned in this class. It was after this assignment when I realized I needed to do something different if I wanted to succeed in this class. When it came to the essays writing became a little trickier because I had to understand what it was I needed to write about and the style in which I need to write it in.
Duffy was that he was a snazzy dresser and seemed pretty laid back. Another, idea was to have more buffalo than cattle. Returning from summer break, I found it extremely tough to continue where I left off with my writing skills from high school. It creates a linguistic imperialism. I have definitely been one of those language learners who struggled with a second language every day. Getting a feel for having class only twice a week was something very unique that took some time for me to adjust to.


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They had radioactive carbon, and the only possible source was through the roots of the birch trees. She discovered that mother trees nurture the younger trees and that a single mother tree can be connected to hundreds of other trees. Like humans, trees are extremely social creatures, utterly dependent on each other for their survival. Some plants use … Find a suitable place for spending time with the trees. Maybe, this a cultural thing or maybe, I'm just an old curmudgeon. Ecologist Suzanne Simard has shown how trees use a network of soil fungi to communicate their needs and aid neighboring plants. Simard's first experiment involved 80 saplings each of three species: birch, firs and cedars planted together. As I have aged I realize that we humans are primarily motivated by our hormones n chemicals. In Denmark this practice is now being abandoned. The firs must have been relying on the birches somehow, Simard realized. Thank you so much Suzanne for your research. Trees are talking to each other. Some research has shown that trees have a unique way of expressing themselves to one another. Like the birch supporting the firs, the, surrounding forest was supporting the tree stump with water and nutrients that it couldn't, The revelation that trees can, and do, collaborate might change the forestry industry for the, better. Suzanne Simard has spent more time hiding from grizzly bears than most people, and she did it, for science. Really try to feel the individual. This article straddles the mystic and scientific. The web is so dense there can be hundreds of kilometres of mycelium under a single foot step. Although some areas may be planted, seeded or naturally regenerated, the effect on the environment can be extremely destructive. Working in Canada in the 1990s, Simard set out to answer a question: Why do, The problem came up when she was working in forest management. I certainly appreciate her work towards conserving forests. But is this really the case? This insight spurred her on to study real forests to see what happens there. The problem came up when she was working in forest management. Forests exist in a state of continuous change, but this is hard for us to see, because trees live much slower than we do. Forests all around Australia are being targeted at a rate of several football fields per day for clear felling. Yes, trees talk to each other — although "talk" is not the right word. "The Hidden Life of Trees" by Peter Wohlleben. It is better that they have abundant foliage but even branches, twig, and bark have a place in making sounds. And the mycelium connects different individuals in the same forest, from the same species and other species. Talking requires a mouth, and trees don't have them. Yes! But many of us are having to open our minds in ways we're not used to to even begin comprehend such ideas. Singapore cleared the way for the sale of cultured chicken made by U.S. startup Eat Just. So are they talking to each other? Try it, go up and touch a tree. They're passing information and resources to and from each other through a network of mycorrhizal fungi—mykósmeans fungus and rizameans root in Greek—a mat of long, thin filaments that connect an estimated 90% of land plants. Like the birch supporting the firs, the surrounding forest was supporting the tree stump with water and nutrients that it couldn't move on its own, without leaves. I think this article was pretty spot on, regardless of if there are things a few morons fail to understand about it. She shares how she'd lie down on the forest floor and stare up at the crowns of the giant trees. How Trees Talk to Each Other was first posted on November 27, 2020 at 5:50 pm. Our wellness is exquisitely linked with theirs! That is absolutely no reason to gunk up such a lovely article with trash talk and idiotic comments…clueless utterly clueless, As you say Amanda, this is long lost knowledge that has been labelled 'obscure' and 'absurd' as we have been dictated what is and isn't normal for quite some time now. Plants talk to each other using an internet of fungus Hidden under your feet is an information superhighway that allows plants to communicate and help each other out. Not carbon, Wisdom, or nutrients. Watch the video: How Trees Talk to One Another (. The post How Trees Talk to Each Other appeared first on Submit Your Homeworks. She says forests have an enormous capacity to self-heal. The simple answer is that plants certainly exchange information with … Sign up for our newsletter to stay informed and engaged. I will always look at trees more personally. Each tree may look, like an independent organism, but trees occupy another world underground. This made me cry a little. I find it it difficult not to lay blame at the feet of the arrogant males of our species, however I realize that blame is pointless and our trajectory is always always determined by our exchanges of subtle hormonal n chemical communications. Clear cutting is the least sustainable form of forestry! As expected, the cedars didn't elicit any sound. The name Patrick can be easily converted to a girls name, simply go by Pat. Trees do not share! Where we do cut, we must save the 'legacy' mother trees and networks so they can pass their wisdom onto the next generation of trees. Suzanne's research has important environmental implications for the destruction of our forests. It's true, it's real, it's something you can see and touch. Trees take whatever they can get and the loser trees die. Then, write up ten quiz questions in a word document and upload that for grading. The firs must have been relying on the birches somehow, Simard realized. She injected a radioactive gas into the birch, and then a stable carbon dioxide gas into the fir. . Are trees talking to each other? Watch all the UPLIFT films free on our new video platform! Suzanne Simard discovered a conversation between different species of trees that could revolutionize forest management. It's a magical community of trees all supporting each other. When two root, systems overlap, and with the help of some beneficial fungi, a trade route can open up between, Simard's first experiment involved 80 saplings each of three species: birch, firs and cedars, planted together. When two root systems overlap, and with the help of some beneficial fungi, a trade route can open up between trees. She suggests four simple solutions for more holistic and sustainable forestry that could end the damage caused by clear cutting: As more and more information comes to light about the complex relationships existing between trees, we are better equipped to save our forests and help them thrive. Trees talk and share resources right under our feet, using a fungal network nicknamed the Wood Wide Web. Thank you. It's not "talking" how we understand it, but the chemical signals they send to one another does indeed count as a form of communication. Taiz sees the same old mythological impulse underlying some of the new claims about tree communication and intelligence, and the success of Wohlleben's book and Simard's TED talk "How Trees Talk to Each Other," which garnered well over two million views online. Science had always believed that trees competed with each other for carbon, sunlight, water and nutrients. At least to other trees, that is. The questions can be in multiple-choice, True/False, Short-answer, fill in the blank, or matching format. Elemental (nature SPIRITS) to guide..I am a Starseeds, based in Malaysia and trying to get communities to reforest. The trees were conversing by chemical and hormonal signals via the mycelium. Later the opposite happened, when the birch was leafless in the winter, the fir sent over more carbon. Make yourself comfortable and settled; you may wish to face the trunk(s) or sit against a trunk, or sit in the middle of a circle of trees. We must regenerate our forests with a diversity of species. The birches set it off, showing they had absorbed the radioactive gas. As expected, the cedars didn't elicit any sound. I love trees, ever since seeing The Wizard of Oz when I was about 8 years old. The mystic shows a reverence for Creation, which is beyond our literal understanding, but is within the realm of our intuitive understanding. Wired huh. When she ran a Geiger counter over the trees, she discovered silence from the cedar, and a loud sound of communication between the fir and birch trees who were sharing carbon with each other. Choose a place that has at least two trees but preferably more. Or a few words the scientific community may not like. Let me guess, You don't believe in climate science either? I redact my previous comments and bid you, Suzanne, to go back to the fundamental elementary schooling's to relearn botany. You might wonder, if trees can talk to each other in so many ways, what they have to discuss. "Underground there is this otherworld," says Simard in her TEDTalk How Trees Talk To Each Other. Once, a group of trees conspired against me, then they turned into my coworkers. Close. Woodpeckers and friendly beetles attack the troublemakers. Mark Webber • Mar 07, 2018. She is a professor of forest ecology and teaches at the University of British Columbia. Trees talk to each other – science explains how It turns out, "talking trees" exist beyond science fiction, says actual science. Trees "communicate" not talk thru fungal growths (mushrooms) and more. A professor of forest and conservation sciences at the University of British Columbia and a science communicator, Simard has given a Ted Talk and has a book, "Finding the Mother Tree," coming out in 2020. Trees work together to establish a sustainable ecosystem. A world of infinite, biological pathways that connect trees and allow them to communicate, and allow the forest to behave as if it's a single organism. In July, a research team in New Zealand announced, that they had discovered a tree stump that was still alive. Reminds me of the book "The Secret Life of Trees" I forget the author, but he's German and I lived the book so much, Although I havnt a clue of the science.It seems to me its something that was thaught to me when I was a child.Prehaps older generations of Irish people understood this in a more simple forn. My experience in the hardwood forests of Minnesota taught me much as a child. She hopes that her research will change the way we practice forestry. The term "mycorrhiza" is used to refer to this tree-fungi partnership produced by the network. She says that when mother trees are injured or dying, they send their wisdom onto the next generation, but they can't do this is if they are all wiped out at the same time. Just type in her name on the TED Talks website and the video will come up. Correction: clear cutting is very sustainable. Many mother trees being lost Trees are much more like us humans that you may think. Her 30 years of research in Canadian forests have led to an astounding discovery: trees talk, communicating often and over vast distances. Get free updates and news about UPLIFT events and films. Ecologist Suzanne Simard says trees have a sophisticated and interconnected social network existing underground. Bank of America became the latest financial institution to make its stance clear on the controversial issue. When she returned to the study of trees later in life, she learnt how scientists had just discovered in the laboratory, that one pine seedling root could transmit carbon to another pine seedling root. I believe her.trees talk to humans too. Trees compete with each other over nutrients, and the most limiting factor: sunlight. Advertisement. Simard's groundbreaking work showed that trees are interdependent and cooperative, in fact they are immersed in deep relationships with each other. What the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests have achieved so far, No-kill, lab-grown meat gets world's first regulatory approval, This winter could be 'the most difficult time in the public health history' of America, says CDC head, Coronavirus epidemic was spreading in US last Christmas, long before it was identified in China, new, The advantages and disadvantages of online learning during the coronavirus pandemic, Oscar-nominated actor Elliot Page announces he is transgender, The largest home builder in the world has a timely message for a divided America, Liquid biopsies could lead to early cancer detection, South Dakota governor refuses to mandate masks despite record-breaking coronavirus spike, Elon Musk boldly says he'll put people on Mars by 2026, Every major US bank has now come out against Arctic drilling, The iconic Arecibo Observatory radio telescope in Puerto Rico has collapsed. I hope that you all are just joking, and know that this is bogus. Many people fighting for them Yes, in a sense. being, but additionally аbout therapeutic. Trees talk, and through these conversations they increase the resilience of the whole community. Sad thing to read how many people's reactions reflect the sole attitude that is destroying the forests, and therewith the world: pure materialism disconnected from respect for life, and therefrom pure and ugly GREED. Can trees hear you? She has all the science to back it up. They are extremely social and depend on each other for their survival. For people who leave unkind and even cruel remarks to a person who is genuinely trying to communicate her discovery and ideas, shame on you. They love humans and they are here to serve us, most humans can't hear them because they are not in alignment with who they truly are. I don't know why Ms. Simard uses anthropomorphism in her explanations of forests and trees. After leaving them for an hour, Simard checked the trees with a Geiger, counter. Difficulties in securing research funding led her to conduct her own experiments and so she planted 240 birch, fir and cedar trees in a Canadian forest. You can take out one or two hub trees, but there comes a tipping point, if you take out one too many, the whole system collapses. After leaving them for an hour, Simard checked the trees with a Geiger counter. ©2019 "Submit Your Assignment". I have known this intuitively for years. Trees are just like people….wait no there not, there trees. We must save old growth forests as they are the repositories of genes, mother trees and mycelium networks. It's made of fungi She hypothesized that the birch and firs would be connected in their own underground web, but not the cedar. Communication is vital, and a massive web of hair-like mushroom roots transmit secret messages between trees, triggering them to share nutrients and water with those in need. Scientists like Simard are helping us change our perspective so that we work in harmony with nature; something that could dramatically alter the trajectory of environmental disaster and bring harmonious outcomes for both humans and trees. Then they activate their own chemical defenses … gftyterythttgerewhbetgefwwve5rtvtttvsebyet4. As an aspiring female scientist, I have never been good at the intellectual side of things. These messages determined which trees needed certain nutrients. Do Trees Talk To Other Trees? Trees can talk to each other – Suzanne Simard, Writer, Editor, Yoga Teacher & Healing Facilitator. I hope you are joking! The idea of trees talking – and humans understanding them – is a hot topic in environmental science. It's a magical community of trees all supporting each other. This network works in a similar way to the internet. Trees Talk to Each Other in a Language We Can Learn, Ecologist Claims February 28, 2018 at 9:29 pm A massive web of hair-like mushroom roots transmit secret messages between trees, triggering them to share nutrients and water with those in need. Decades later, trees are still surprising us.
trees talk to each other
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trees talk to each other 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


PLoS ONE, 12 (9), pp. e0184355, 2017, ISSN: 19326203.
High-level, recombinant production of membrane-integrated proteins in Escherichia coli is extremely relevant for many purposes, but has also been proven challenging. Here we study a combination of transcriptional fine-tuning in E. coli LEMO21(DE3) with different codon usage algorithms for heterologous production of membrane proteins. The overexpression of 6 different membrane proteins is compared for the wild-type gene codon usage variant, a commercially codon-optimized variant, and a codon-harmonized variant. We show that transcriptional fine-tuning plays a major role in improving the production of all tested proteins. Moreover, different codon usage variants significantly improved production of some of the tested proteins. However, not a single algorithm performed consistently best for the membrane-integrated production of the 6 tested proteins. In conclusion, for improving heterologous membrane protein production in E. coli, the major effect is accomplished by transcriptional tuning. In addition, further improvements may be realized by attempting different codon usage variants, such as codon harmonized variants, which can now be easily generated through our online Codon Harmonizer tool.
PeerJ, 5 , pp. e3698, 2017, ISSN: 2167-8359.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 8 (AUG), pp. 1424, 2017, ISSN: 1664302X.
textcopyright 2017 Odoni, van Gaal, Schonewille, Tamayo-Ramos, Martins dos Santos, Suarez-Diez and Schaap. Aspergillus niger has an innate ability to secrete various organic acids, including citrate. The conditions required for A. niger citrate overproduction are well described, but the physiological reasons underlying extracellular citrate accumulation are not yet fully understood. One of the less understood culture conditions is the requirement of growth-limiting iron concentrations. While this has been attributed to iron-dependent citrate metabolizing enzymes, this straightforward relationship does not always hold true. Here, we show that an increase in citrate secretion under iron limited conditions is a physiological response consistent with a role of citrate as A. niger iron siderophore. We found that A. niger citrate secretion increases with decreasing amounts of iron added to the culture medium and, in contrast to previous findings, this response is independent of the nitrogen source. Differential transcriptomics analyses of the two A. niger mutants NW305 (gluconate non-producer) and NW186 (gluconate and oxalate non-producer) revealed up-regulation of the citrate biosynthesis gene citA under iron limited conditions compared to iron replete conditions. In addition, we show that A. niger can utilize Fe(III) citrate as iron source. Finally, we discuss our findings in the general context of the pH-dependency of A. niger organic acid production, offering an explanation, besides competition, for why A. niger organic acid production is a sequential process influenced by the external pH of the culture medium.
Genome Announcements, 5 (1), pp. e01098–16, 2017, ISSN: 2169-8287.
Akkermansia glycaniphila is a novel Akkermansia species that was isolated from the intestine of the reticulated python and shares the capacity to degrade mucin with the human strain Akkermansia muciniphila Muc T . Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain Pyt T of 3,074,121 bp. The genomic analysis reveals genes for mucin degradation and aerobic respiration.
Obermeyer, G; Feijó, J (Ed.): (13), Springer International Publishing AG, 2017, ISBN: 978-3-319-56644-3.
Archaea, 2017 , pp. 1–22, 2017, ISSN: 14723646.
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is catalyzed by anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME) via a reverse and modified methanogenesis pathway. Methanogens can also reverse the methanogenesis pathway to oxidize methane, but only during net methane production (i.e., "trace methane oxidation"). In turn, ANME can produce methane, but only during net methane oxidation (i.e., enzymatic back flux). Net AOM is exergonic when coupled to an external electron acceptor such as sulfate (ANME-1, ANME-2abc, and ANME-3), nitrate (ANME-2d), or metal (oxides). In this review, the reversibility of the methanogenesis pathway and essential differences between ANME and methanogens are described by combining published information with domain based (meta)genome comparison of archaeal methanotrophs and selected archaea. These differences include abundances and special structure of methyl coenzyme M reductase and of multiheme cytochromes and the presence of menaquinones or methanophenazines. ANME-2a and ANME-2d can use electron acceptors other than sulfate or nitrate for AOM, respectively. Environmental studies suggest that ANME-2d are also involved in sulfate-dependent AOM. ANME-1 seem to use a different mechanism for disposal of electrons and possibly are less versatile in electron acceptors use than ANME-2. Future research will shed light on the molecular basis of reversal of the methanogenic pathway and electron transfer in different ANME types.
PLoS ONE, 12 (5), pp. e0176427, 2017, ISSN: 19326203.
Background: A standard structured format is used by the public sequence databases to present genome annotations. A prerequisite for a direct functional comparison is consistent annotation of the genetic elements with evidence statements. However, the current format provides limited support for data mining, hampering comparative analyses at large scale. Results: The provenance of a genome annotation describes the contextual details and derivation history of the process that resulted in the annotation. To enable interoperability of genome annotations, we have developed the Genome Biology Ontology Language (GBOL) and associated infrastructure (GBOL stack). GBOL is provenance aware and thus provides a consistent representation of functional genome annotations linked to the provenance. GBOL is modular in design, extendible and linked to existing ontologies. The GBOL stack of supporting tools enforces consistency within and between the GBOL definitions in the ontology (OWL) and the Shape Expressions (ShEx) language describing the graph structure. Modules have been developed to serialize the linked data (RDF) and to generate a plain text format files. Conclusion: The main rationale for applying formalized information models is to improve the exchange of information. GBOL uses and extends current ontologies to provide a formal representation of genomic entities, along with their properties and relations. The deliberate integration of data provenance in the ontology enables review of automatically obtained genome annotations at a large scale. The GBOL stack facilitates consistent usage of the ontology.
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, 11 (suppl_1), pp. S237-S238, 2017, ISSN: 1873-9946, (10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx002.441 doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx002.441).
Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The course of the diseases is variable, ranging from a quiescent course to multiple (severe) flares, often necessitating surgery. Early identification of patients with an expected poor prognosis may be of importance, to adapt treatment strategies accordingly. Currently used clinical markers for severe disease course have limited value for decision making in daily clinical practice. Although diagnostic medical reports, e.g. endoscopy, pathology and imaging reports, may comprise relevant information, these are not used to stratify patients.Methods: We aimed to apply Natural Language Processing of diagnostic reports of all IBD patients of a population-based cohort to test whether we could identify new disease characteristics within 6 months of diagnosis that can predict disease outcome. We converted and cleaned diagnostic medical reports for text mining approaches. Predictive models were used to characterise clusters obtained by unsupervised classification with Latent Class Modelling of disease events.Results: Detailed health records with complete clinical follow-up since diagnosis, were available of 1142 newly diagnosed Crohn's disease patients within the population-based IBD South Limburg cohort. The mean follow-up was 101 months (SD 71 months). A total of 9760 imaging, endoscopy and pathology reports were digitalised and de-identified in order to remove any protected health information using pattern matching rules. We successfully corrected miswritten or misrecognised words and compounds with algorithms specifically adapted for Dutch language particularities. Three clusters were obtained with varying disease course based on flares, surgery, hospitalization, and medication changes. Subsequent steps include the identification of consecutive groups of words and their modality and/or negativity for relevant patient groups, aiming to define disease characteristics that predict disease course.Conclusions: This new approach enables use of "hidden" information in generally available diagnostic medical reports for improved stratification of IBD patients.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 8 , 2017.
Journal of Proteome Research, 2017, ISSN: 1535-3893.
Frontiers in Physiology, 8 , 2017, ISSN: 1664-042X.
The genotype and external phenotype of organisms are linked by so-called internal phenotypes which are influenced by environmental conditions. In this study, we used five existing –omics datasets representing five different layers of internal phenotypes, which were simultaneously measured in dietarily perturbed mice. We performed ten pair-wise correlation analyses verified with a null model built from randomized data. Subsequently, the inferred networks were merged and literature mined for co-occurrences of identified linked nodes. Densely connected internal phenotypes emerged. 45 nodes have links with all other data-types and we denote them 'connectivity hubs'. In literature, we found proof of 6% of the 577 connections, suggesting a biological meaning for the observed correlations. The observed connectivity's between metabolite and cytokines hubs showed higher numbers of literature hits as compared to the number of literature hits on the connectivity's between the microbiota and gene expression internal phenotypes. We conclude that multi-level integrated networks may help to generate hypotheses and to design experiments aiming to further close the gap between genotype and phenotype. We describe and/or hypothesize on the biological relevance of four identified multi-level connectivity hubs.
PeerJ, 5 , pp. e3133, 2017, ISSN: 2167-8359.
Environmental Microbiology, 19 (3), pp. 968–981, 2017, ISSN: 1462-2920.
Biostimulation is widely used to enhance reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes in contaminated aquifers. However, the knowledge on corresponding biogeochemical responses is limited. In this study, glycerol was injected in an aquifer contaminated with cis-dichloroethene (cDCE), and geochemical and microbial shifts were followed for 265 days. Consistent with anoxic conditions and sulfate reduction after biostimulation, MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed temporarily increased relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes and sulfate reducing Deltaproteobacteria. In line with (13) C cDCE enrichment and increased Dehalococcoides mccartyi (Dcm) numbers, dechlorination was observed toward the end of the field experiment, albeit being incomplete with accumulation of vinyl chloride. This was concurrent with (i) decreased concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), reduced relative abundances of fermenting and sulfate reducing bacteria that have been suggested to promote Dcm growth by providing electron donor (H2 ) and essential corrinoid cofactors, (ii) increased sulfate concentration and increased relative abundance of Epsilonproteobacteria and Deferribacteres as putative oxidizers of reduced sulfur compounds. Strong correlations of DOC, relative abundance of fermenters and sulfate reducers, and dechlorination imply the importance of syntrophic interactions to sustain robust dechlorination. Tracking microbial and environmental parameters that promote/preclude enhanced reductive dechlorination should aid development of sustainable bioremediation strategies.
Journal of Proteome Research, 2017, ISSN: 1535-3907.
Blood is one of the most used biofluids in metabolomics studies, and the serum and plasma fractions are routinely used as a proxy for blood itself. Here we investigated the association networks of an array of 29 metabolites identified and quantified via NMR in the plasma and serum samples of two cohorts of ?1000 healthy blood donors each. A second study of 377 individuals was used to extract plasma and serum samples from the same individual on which a set of 122 metabolites were detected and quantified using FIA-MS/MS. Four different inference algorithms (ARANCE, CLR, CORR, and PCLRC) were used to obtain consensus networks. The plasma and serum networks obtained from different studies showed different topological properties with the serum network being more connected than the plasma network. On a global level, metabolite association networks from plasma and serum fractions obtained from the same blood sample of healthy people show similar topologies, and at a local level, some differences arise like in the case of amino acids.
Scientific Reports, 7 (1), 2017, ISSN: 2045-2322.
Scientific Reports, 6 , pp. 38699, 2016, ISSN: 2045-2322.
Pseudomonas is a highly versatile genus containing species that can be harmful to humans and plants while others are widely used for bioengineering and bioremediation.
PLoS Genetics, 12 (12), pp. e1006468, 2016, ISSN: 15537404.
The study of plant biomass utilization by fungi is a research field of great interest due to its many implications in ecology, agriculture and biotechnology. Most of the efforts done to increase the understanding of the use of plant cell walls by fungi have been focused on the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, and transport and metabolism of their constituent monosaccharides. Pectin is another important constituent of plant cell walls, but has received less attention. In relation to the uptake of pectic building blocks, fungal transporters for the uptake of galacturonic acid recently have been reported in Aspergillus niger and Neurospora crassa. However, not a single L-rhamnose (6-deoxy-L-mannose) transporter has been identified yet in fungi or in other eukaryotic organisms. L-rhamnose is a deoxy-sugar present in plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides (mainly rhamnogalacturonan I and rhamnogalacturonan II), but is also found in diverse plant secondary metabolites (e.g. anthocyanins, flavonoids and triterpenoids), in the green seaweed sulfated polysaccharide ulvan, and in glycan structures from viruses and bacteria. Here, a comparative plasmalemma proteomic analysis was used to identify candidate L-rhamnose transporters in A. niger. Further analysis was focused on protein ID 1119135 (RhtA) (JGI A. niger ATCC 1015 genome database). RhtA was classified as a Family 7 Fucose: H+ Symporter (FHS) within the Major Facilitator Superfamily. Family 7 currently includes exclusively bacterial transporters able to use different sugars. Strong indications for its role in L-rhamnose transport were obtained by functional complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY.VW.4000 strain in growth studies with a range of potential substrates. Biochemical analysis using L-[3H(G)]-rhamnose confirmed that RhtA is a L-rhamnose transporter. The RhtA gene is located in tandem with a hypothetical alpha-L-rhamnosidase gene (rhaB). Transcriptional analysis of rhtA and rhaB confirmed that both genes have a coordinated expression, being strongly and specifically induced by L-rhamnose, and controlled by RhaR, a transcriptional regulator involved in the release and catabolism of the methyl-pentose. RhtA is the first eukaryotic L-rhamnose transporter identified and functionally validated to date.
BMC Systems Biology, 10 (1), pp. 110, 2016, ISSN: 1752-0509.
BACKGROUND Obtaining accurate estimates of biological or enzymatic reaction rates is critical in understanding the design principles of a network and how biological processes can be experimentally manipulated on demand. In many cases experimental limitations mean that some enzymatic rates cannot be measured directly, requiring mathematical algorithms to estimate them. Here, we describe a methodology that calculates rates at which light-regulated proteins switch between conformational states. We focus our analysis on the phytochrome family of photoreceptors found in cyanobacteria, plants and many optogenetic tools. Phytochrome proteins change between active (P A ) and inactive (P I ) states at rates that are proportional to photoconversion cross-sections and influenced by light quality, light intensity, thermal reactions and dimerisation. This work presents a method that can accurately calculate these photoconversion cross-sections in the presence of multiple non-light regulated reactions. RESULTS Our approach to calculating the photoconversion cross-sections comprises three steps: i) calculate the thermal reversion reaction rate(s); ii) develop search spaces from which all possible sets of photoconversion cross-sections exist, and; iii) estimate extinction coefficients that describe our absorption spectra. We confirm that the presented approach yields accurate results through the use of simulated test cases. Our test cases were further expanded to more realistic scenarios where noise, multiple thermal reactions and dimerisation are considered. Finally, we present the photoconversion cross-sections of an Arabidopsis phyB N-terminal fragment commonly used in optogenetic tools. CONCLUSIONS The calculation of photoconversion cross-sections has implications for both photoreceptor and synthetic biologists. Our method allows, for the first time, direct comparisons of photoconversion cross-sections and response speeds of photoreceptors in different cellular environments and synthetic tools. Due to the generality of our procedure, as shown by the application to multiple test cases, the photoconversion cross-sections and quantum yields of any photoreceptor might now, in principle, be obtained.
Environmental Microbiology, 18 (10), pp. 3247–3257, 2016, ISSN: 14622920.
Growth of Pseudomonas chloritidismutans?AW-1T on C7 to C12n-alkanes with oxygen or chlorate as electron acceptor was studied by genome and proteome analysis. Whole genome shotgun sequencing resulted in a 5?Mbp assembled sequence with a G?+?C content of 62.5%. The automatic annotation identified 4767 protein-encoding genes and a putative function could be assigned to almost 80% of the predicted proteins. The distinct phylogenetic position of P.?chloritidismutans?AW-1T within the Pseudomonas stutzeri cluster became clear by comparison of average nucleotide identity values of sequenced genomes. Analysis of the proteome of P.?chloritidismutans?AW-1T showed the versatility of this bacterium to adapt to aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions with acetate or n-decane as substrates. All enzymes involved in the alkane oxidation pathway were identified. An alkane monooxygenase was detected in n-decane-grown cells, but not in acetate-grown cells. The enzyme was found when grown in the presence of oxygen or chlorate, indicating that under both conditions an oxygenase-mediated pathway is employed for alkane degradation. Proteomic and biochemical data also showed that both chlorate reductase and chlorite dismutase are constitutively present, but most abundant under chlorate-reducing conditions.
Molecular Cell, 63 (5), pp. 852–864, 2016, ISSN: 1097-4164.
Prokaryotes use a mechanism called priming to update their CRISPR immunological memory to rapidly counter revisiting, mutated viruses, and plasmids. Here we have determined how new spacers are produced and selected for integration into the CRISPR array during priming. We show that Cas3 couples CRISPR interference to adaptation by producing DNA breakdown products that fuel the spacer integration process in a two-step, PAM-associated manner. The helicase-nuclease Cas3 pre-processes target DNA into fragments of about 30-100 nt enriched for thymine-stretches in their 3' ends. The Cas1-2 complex further processes these fragments and integrates them sequence-specifically into CRISPR repeats by coupling of a 3' cytosine of the fragment. Our results highlight that the selection of PAM-compliant spacers during priming is enhanced by the combined sequence specificities of Cas3 and the Cas1-2 complex, leading to an increased propensity of integrating functional CTT-containing spacers.
Environmental microbiology, 18 (9), pp. 2843–2855, 2016, ISSN: 14622920.
The Sporomusa genus comprises anaerobic spore-forming acetogenic bacteria that stain Gram-negative. Sporomusa species typically grow with one-carbon substrates and N-methylated compounds. In the degradation of these compounds methyltransferases are involved. In addition, Sporomusa species can grow autotrophically with H2 and CO2 , and use a variety of sugars for acetogenic growth. Here we describe a genome analysis of Sporomusa strain An4 and a proteome analysis of cells grown under five different conditions. Comparison of the genomes of Sporomusa strain An4 and Sporomusa ovata strain H1 indicated that An4 is a S. ovata strain. Proteome analysis showed a high abundance of several methyltransferases, predominantly trimethylamine methyltransferases, during growth with betaine, while trimethylamine is one of the main end products of betaine degradation. In methanol degradation methyltransferases are also involved. In methanol utilizing methanogens two methyltransferases catalyze methanol conversion, methyltransferase 1 composed of subunits MtaB and MtaC and methyltransferase 2, also called MtaA. The two methyltransferase 1 subunits MtaB and MtaC were highly abundant when strain An4 was grown with methanol. However, instead of MtaA a methyltetrahydrofolate methyltransferase was synthesized. We propose a novel methanol degradation pathway in Sporomusa strain An4 that uses a methyltetrahydrofolate methyltransferase instead of MtaA.
BMC Cancer, 16 , pp. 881, 2016, ISSN: 1471-2407.
Standards in Genomic Sciences, 11 (1), pp. 52, 2016, ISSN: 1944-3277.
Bacillus smithii is a facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium able to use a variety of sugars that can be derived from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Being genetically accessible, it is a potential new host for biotechnological production of green chemicals from renewable resources. We determined the complete genomic sequence of the B. smithii type strain DSM 4216 T , which consists of a 3,368,778 bp chromosome (GenBank accession number CP012024.1) and a 12,514 bp plasmid (GenBank accession number CP012025.1), together encoding 3880 genes. Genome annotation via RAST was complemented by a protein domain analysis. Some unique features of B. smithii central metabolism in comparison to related organisms included the lack of a standard acetate production pathway with no apparent pyruvate formate lyase, phosphotransacetylase, and acetate kinase genes, while acetate was the second fermentation product.
PLoS ONE, 11 (1), pp. e0146423, 2016, ISSN: 19326203.
BACKGROUND: Metatranscriptomic landscapes can provide insights in functional relationships within natural microbial communities. Analysis of complex metatranscriptome datasets of these communities poses a considerable bioinformatic challenge since they are non-restricted with a varying number of participating strains and species. For RNA-Seq data a standard approach is to align the generated reads to a set of closely related reference genomes. This only works well for microbial communities for which a near complete catalogue of reference genomes is available at a small evolutionary distance. In this study, we focus on the design of a validated de novo metatranscriptome assembly pipeline for single-end Illumina RNA-Seq data to obtain functional and taxonomic profiles of murine microbial communities.$backslash$n$backslash$nRESULTS: The here developed de novo assembly metatranscriptome pipeline combined rRNA removal, IDBA-UD assembler, functional annotation and taxonomic classification. Different assemblers were tested and validated using RNA-Seq data from an in silico generated mock community and in vivo RNA-Seq data from a restricted microbial community taken from a mouse model colonized with Altered Schaedler Flora (ASF). Precision and recall of resulting gene expression, functional and taxonomic profiles were compared to those obtained with a standard alignment method. The validated pipeline was subsequently used to generate expression profiles from non-restricted cecal communities of four C57BL/6J mice fed on a high-fat high-protein diet spiked with an RNA-Seq data set from a well-characterized human sample. The spike in control was used to estimate precision and recall at assembly, functional and taxonomic level of non-restricted communities.$backslash$n$backslash$nCONCLUSIONS: A generic de novo assembly pipeline for metatranscriptome data analysis was designed for microbial ecosystems, which can be applied for microbial metatranscriptome analysis in any chosen niche.
Environmental Microbiology, 18 (10), pp. 3247–3257, 2016, ISSN: 14622912.
Growth of Pseudomonas chloritidismutans AW-1T on C7 to C12n-alkanes with oxygen or chlorate as electron acceptor was studied by genome and proteome analysis. Whole genome shotgun sequencing resulted in a 5 Mbp assembled sequence with a G + C content of 62.5%. The automatic annotation identified 4767 protein-encoding genes and a putative function could be assigned to almost 80% of the predicted proteins. The distinct phylogenetic position of P. chloritidismutans AW-1T within the Pseudomonas stutzeri cluster became clear by comparison of average nucleotide identity values of sequenced genomes. Analysis of the proteome of P. chloritidismutans AW-1T showed the versatility of this bacterium to adapt to aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions with acetate or n-decane as substrates. All enzymes involved in the alkane oxidation pathway were identified. An alkane monooxygenase was detected in n-decane-grown cells, but not in acetate-grown cells. The enzyme was found when grown in the presence of oxygen or chlorate, indicating that under both conditions an oxygenase-mediated pathway is employed for alkane degradation. Proteomic and biochemical data also showed that both chlorate reductase and chlorite dismutase are constitutively present, but most abundant under chlorate-reducing conditions.
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 9 (1), pp. 148, 2016, ISSN: 1754-6834.
Global climate change and fossil fuels limitations have boosted the demand for robust and efficient microbial factories for the manufacturing of bio-based products from renewable feedstocks. In this regard, efforts have been done to enhance the enzyme-secreting ability of lignocellulose-degrading fungi, aiming to improve protein yields while taking advantage of their ability to use lignocellulosic feedstocks. Access to sugars in complex polysaccharides depends not only on their release by specific hydrolytic enzymes, but also on the presence of transporters capable of effectively transporting the constituent sugars into the cell. This study aims to identify and characterize xylose transporters from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei, two fungi that have been industrially exploited for decades for the production of lignocellulose-degrading hydrolytic enzymes. A hidden Markov model for the identification of xylose transporters was developed and used to analyze the A. niger and T. reesei in silico proteomes, yielding a list of candidate xylose transporters. From this list, three A. niger (XltA, XltB and XltC) and three T. reesei (Str1, Str2 and Str3) transporters were selected, functionally validated and biochemically characterized through their expression in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae hexose transport null mutant, engineered to be able to metabolize xylose but unable to transport this sugar. All six transporters were able to support growth of the engineered yeast on xylose but varied in affinities and efficiencies in the uptake of the pentose. Amino acid sequence analysis of the selected transporters showed the presence of specific residues and motifs recently associated to xylose transporters. Transcriptional analysis of A. niger and T. reesei showed that XltA and Str1 were specifically induced by xylose and dependent on the XlnR/Xyr1 regulators, signifying a biological role for these transporters in xylose utilization. This study revealed the existence of a variety of xylose transporters in the cell factories A. niger and T. reesei. The particular substrate specificity and biochemical properties displayed by A. niger XltA and XltB suggested a possible biological role for these transporters in xylose uptake. New insights were also gained into the molecular mechanisms regulating the pentose utilization, at inducer uptake level, in these fungi. Analysis of the A. niger and T. reesei predicted transportome with the newly developed hidden Markov model showed to be an efficient approach for the identification of new xylose transporting proteins.
Biological pathways are increasingly available in the BioPAX format which uses an RDF model for data storage. One can retrieve the information in this data model in the scripting language R using the package rBiopaxParser, which converts the BioPAX format to one readable in R. It also has a function to build a regulatory network from the pathway information. Here we describe an extension of this function. The new function allows the user to build graphs of entire pathways, including regulated as well as non-regulated elements, and therefore provides a maximum of information. This function is available as part of the rBiopaxParser distribution from Bioconductor.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 66 (10), pp. 3957–3963, 2016, ISSN: 14665026.
Species of the genus Trichococcus share high similarity of their 16S rRNA gene sequences (textgreater99 %). Digital DNA–DNA hybridization values (dDDH) among type strains of all described species of the genus Trichococcus (T. flocculiformis DSM 2094 T , T. pasteurii DSM 2381 T , T. collinsii DSM 14526 T , T. palustris DSM 9172 T , and T. patagoniensisDSM 18806 T) indicated that Trichococcus sp. strain R210 T represents a novel species of the genus Trichococcus. The dDDH values showed a low DNA relatedness between strain R210 T and all other species of the genus Trichococcus (23–32%). Cells of strain R210 T were motile, slightly curved rods, 0.63– 1.40Â0.48–0.90 µm and stained Gram-positive. Growth was optimal at pH 7.8 and at temperature of 30 C. Strain R210 T could utilize several carbohydrates, and the main products from glucose fermentation were lactate, acetate, formate and ethanol. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain R210 T was 47.9 mol%. Based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics along with measured dDDH values for all species of the genus Trichococcus, it is suggested that strain R210 T represents a novel species within the genus Trichococcus, for which the name Trichococcus ilyis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R210 T (=DSM 22150 T =JCM 31247 T). Trichococcus sp. strain R210 T was previously isolated from a sulfate-reducing bioreactor treating municipal wastewater mixed with an industrial stream containing citrate (Stams et al., 2009). Isolation was performed in basal medium sup-plemented with 10 mM citrate as sole energy and carbon source (without sulfate). The main fermentation products of citrate were acetate and formate, whereas the main prod-ucts of glucose fermentation were lactate, ethanol, acetate and formate. This product profile is typically observed in heterolactic fermenters (Eiteman & Ramalingam, 2015). At the time of writing, there are five species of the genus Trichococcus with validly published names, Trichococcus Abbreviations: DDH, DNA-DNA hydridization; dDDH, digital DNA-DNA hydridization. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Trichococcus ilyis strain R210 T is FJ374769. Whole genome sequences of strain R210 T , T. pasteurii DSM 2381 T , T. flocculi-formis DSM 2094 T , T. collinsii DSM 14526 T , T. palustris DSM 9172 T and T. patagoniensis DSM 18806 T were determined in this study and are available at the European Nucleotide Archive (www.ebi.ac.uk/ena) under accession numbers PRJEB12709, PRJEB12708, PRJEB12705, PRJEB12704, PRJEB12707 and PRJEB13128, respectively. flocculiformis (Scheff et al., 1984), T. pasteurii (Schink et al., 1984), T. collinsii (Liu et al., 2002), T. palustris (Zhilina et al., 1995), and T. patagoniensis (Pikuta et al., 2006). All these species can use a broad range of sugars and polyols for growth. A peculiar feature of members of the genus Tricho-coccus is the ability to grow over a wide range of tempera-tures, from close to 0 C to over 45 C. This makes such strains particularly interesting for biotechnological applica-tions at mildly low temperature. They are also tolerant to oxygen, which is advantageous because it eliminates the need of maintaining bioreactors completely oxygen-free. Morphologically, members of the genus Trichococcus are pleomorphic (regular cocci, olive-like rods) and may have several cell arrangements (cells can grow individually, in pairs, in long chains, or in grape-like conglomerates) (Liu et al., 2002). The similarity of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of described species of the genus Trichococcus (99–100 %) is above the threshold for the definition of a new species (Kim et al., 2014). However, DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) values among them are lower than 70 %, the threshold for the delineation of new species (Pikuta et al., 2006). The presence of highly conserved 16S rRNA genes in different species is not so uncommon. Another example can be found in the genus Bacillus, where some species can have a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97–100 % (Liu et al., 2015). For these cases, DDH is accepted as the gold stan-dard for complete taxonomic classification and proposal of new species. Experimental DDH assays are based on optical measurements and are prone to experimental errors (Schleifer, 2009). The rapid progress in genome sequencing allows utilization of computational methods for genome comparison and taxonomic differentiation (Klenk & Göker, 2010). Genome BLAST Distance Phylogeny (GBDP) approaches have been optimized for calculation of digital equivalents for DDH values (dDDH), which are analogous to DNA– DNA hybridization (Meier-Kolthoff et al., 2014).
Environmental Microbiology, pp. n/a-n/a, 2016, ISSN: 1462-2920.
Journal of computational and graphical statistics, In press , 2016.
Climate Policy, pp. 1-12, 2016, ISSN: 1469-3062.
Journal of Proteome Research, 2016, ISSN: 1535-3893, (doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00704).
Journal of Proteome Research, 15 (9), pp. 3298-3307, 2016, ISSN: 1535-3893, (doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00454).
Journal of Proteome Research, 15 (8), pp. 2379-2393, 2016, ISSN: 1535-3893, (doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01029).
Psychometrika, pp. 1-24, 2016, ISSN: 1860-0980.
Horn's parallel analysis is a widely used method for assessing the number of principal components and common factors. We discuss the theoretical foundations of parallel analysis for principal components based on a covariance matrix by making use of arguments from random matrix theory. In particular, we show that (i) for the first component, parallel analysis is an inferential method equivalent to the Tracy–Widom test, (ii) its use to test high-order eigenvalues is equivalent to the use of the joint distribution of the eigenvalues, and thus should be discouraged, and (iii) a formal test for higher-order components can be obtained based on a Tracy–Widom approximation. We illustrate the performance of the two testing procedures using simulated data generated under both a principal component model and a common factors model. For the principal component model, the Tracy–Widom test performs consistently in all conditions, while parallel analysis shows unpredictable behavior for higher-order components. For the common factor model, including major and minor factors, both procedures are heuristic approaches, with variable performance. We conclude that the Tracy–Widom procedure is preferred over parallel analysis for statistically testing the number of principal components based on a covariance matrix.
Obesity, 24 (2), pp. 379-388, 2016, ISSN: 1930-739X.
Environmental Microbiology Reports, 7 (6), pp. 936-945, 2015.
Summary This study reports the ability of one hyperthermophilic and two thermophilic microorganisms to grow anaerobically by the reduction of chlorate and perchlorate. Physiological, genomic and proteome analyses suggest that the Crenarchaeon Aeropyrum pernix reduces perchlorate with a periplasmic enzyme related to nitrate reductases, but that it lacks a functional chlorite-disproportionating enzyme (Cld) to complete the pathway. Aeropyrum pernix, previously described as a strictly aerobic microorganism, seems to rely on the chemical reactivity of reduced sulfur compounds with chlorite, a mechanism previously reported for perchlorate-reducing Archaeoglobus fulgidus. The chemical oxidation of thiosulfate (in excessive amounts present in the medium) and the reduction of chlorite result in the release of sulfate and chloride, which are the products of a biotic–abiotic perchlorate reduction pathway in Ae.?pernix. The apparent absence of Cld in two other perchlorate-reducing microorganisms, Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans and Moorella glycerini strain NMP, and their dependence on sulfide for perchlorate reduction is consistent with the observations made on Ar.?fulgidus. Our findings suggest that microbial perchlorate reduction at high temperature differs notably from the physiology of perchlorate- and chlorate-reducing mesophiles and that it is characterized by the lack of a chlorite dismutase and is enabled by a combination of biotic and abiotic reactions.
International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 305 (6), pp. 532–543, 2015, ISSN: 16180607.
Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M1 is a frequent cause of severe infections in humans. Some M1 isolates are pathogenic in mice and used in studies on infection pathogenesis. We observed marked differences in murine infections caused by M1 strain SF370, 5448, 5448AP or AP1 which prompted us to sequence the whole genome of isolates 5448 and AP1 for comparative analysis. Strain 5448 is known to acquire inactivating mutations in the CovRS two-component system during mouse infection, producing hypervirulent progeny such as 5448AP. Isolates AP1 and 5448AP, more than 5448, caused disseminating infections that became systemic and lethal. SF370 was not pathogenic. Phages caused gross genetic differences and increased the gene content of AP1 by 8% as compared to 5448 and SF370. Each of six examined M1 genomes contained two CRISPR-Cas systems. Phage insertion destroyed a type II CRISPR-Cas system in AP1 and other strains of serotypes M1, M3, M6 and M24, but not in M1 strains 5448, SF370, MGAS5005, A20 or M1 476. A resulting impaired defence against invading genetic elements could have led to the wealth of phages in AP1. AP1 lacks genetic features of the MGAS5005-like clonal complex including the streptodornase that drives selection for hypervirulent clones with inactivated CovRS system. Still, inactivating mutations in covS were a common genetic feature of AP1 and the MGAS5005-like isolate 5448AP. Abolished expression of the cysteine proteinase SpeB, due to CovRS inactivation could be a common cause for hypervirulence of the two isolates. Moreover, an additional protein H-coding gene and a mutation in the regulator gene rofA distinguished AP1 form other M1 isolates. In conclusion, hypervirulence of S. pyogenes M1 in mice is not limited to the MGAS5005-like genotype.
PLoS ONE, 10 (9), pp. e0137908, 2015, ISSN: 19326203.
Understanding the diversity and robustness of the metabolism of bacteria is fundamental for understanding how bacteria evolve and adapt to different environments. In this study, we characterised 121 Streptococcus strains and studied metabolic diversity from a protein domain perspective. Metabolic pathways were described in terms of the promiscuity of domains participating in metabolic pathways that were inferred to be functional. Promiscuity was defined by adapting existing measures based on domain abundance and versatility. The approach proved to be successful in capturing bacterial metabolic flexibility and species diversity, indicating that it can be described in terms of reuse and sharing functional domains in different proteins involved in metabolic activity. Additionally, we showed striking differences among metabolic organisation of the pathogenic serotype 2 Streptococcus suis and other strains.
FEMS Microbiology Letters, 362 (11), 2015, ISSN: 15746968.
Alicycliphilus denitrificans strain BC grows anaerobically on acetone with nitrate as electron acceptor. Comparative proteomics of cultures of A. denitrificans strain BC grown on either acetone or acetate with nitrate was performed to study the enzymes involved in the acetone degradation pathway. In the proposed acetone degradation pathway, an acetone carboxylase converts acetone to acetoacetate, an AMP-dependent synthetase/ligase converts acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA, and an acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase cleaves acetoacetyl-CoA to two acetyl-CoA. We also found a putative aldehyde dehydrogenase associated with acetone degradation. This enzyme functioned as a $beta$-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase catalyzing the conversion of surplus acetoacetate to $beta$-hydroxybutyrate that may be converted to the energy and carbon storage compound, poly-$beta$-hydroxybutyrate. Accordingly, we confirmed the formation of poly-$beta$-hydroxybutyrate in acetone-grown cells of strain BC. Our findings provide insight in nitrate-dependent acetone degradation that is activated by carboxylation of acetone. This will aid studies of similar pathways found in other microorganisms degrading acetone with nitrate or sulfate as electron acceptor. textcopyright FEMS 2015. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
PLoS ONE, 10 (4), pp. e0124880, 2015, ISSN: 19326203.
BACKGROUND: Eukaryotic Argonaute proteins mediate RNA-guided RNA interference, allowing both regulation of host gene expression and defense against invading mobile genetic elements. Recently, it has become evident that prokaryotic Argonaute homologs mediate DNA-guided DNA interference, and play a role in host defense. Argonaute of the bacterium Thermus thermophilus (TtAgo) targets invading plasmid DNA during and after transformation. Using small interfering DNA guides, TtAgo can cleave single and double stranded DNAs. Although TtAgo additionally has been demonstrated to cleave RNA targets complementary to its DNA guide in vitro, RNA targeting by TtAgo has not been demonstrated in vivo.$backslash$n$backslash$nMETHODS: To investigate if TtAgo also has the potential to control RNA levels, we analyzed RNA-seq data derived from cultures of four T. thermophilus strain HB27 variants: wild type, TtAgo knockout ($Delta$ago), and either strain transformed with a plasmid. Additionally we determined the effect of TtAgo on expression of plasmid-encoded RNA and plasmid DNA levels.$backslash$n$backslash$nRESULTS: In the absence of exogenous DNA (plasmid), TtAgo presence or absence had no effect on gene expression levels. When plasmid DNA is present, TtAgo reduces plasmid DNA levels 4-fold, and a corresponding reduction of plasmid gene transcript levels was observed. We therefore conclude that TtAgo interferes with plasmid DNA, but not with plasmid-encoded RNA. Interestingly, TtAgo presence stimulates expression of specific endogenous genes, but only when exogenous plasmid DNA was present. Specifically, the presence of TtAgo directly or indirectly stimulates expression of CRISPR loci and associated genes, some of which are involved in CRISPR adaptation. This suggests that TtAgo-mediated interference with plasmid DNA stimulates CRISPR adaptation.
BMC Genomics, 16 (1), pp. 34, 2015, ISSN: 1471-2164.
BMC Genomics, 16 (1), pp. 556, 2015, ISSN: 1471-2164.
Journal of Proteome Research, 14 (12), pp. 5119–5130, 2015, ISSN: 1535-3893.
We investigated the effect of sample size and dimensionality on the performance of four algorithms (ARACNE, CLR, CORR, and PCLRC) when they are used for the inference of metabolite association networks. We report that as many as 100?400 samples may be necessary to obtain stable network estimations, depending on the algorithm and the number of measured metabolites. The CLR and PCLRC methods produce similar results, whereas network inference based on correlations provides sparse networks; we found ARACNE to be unsuitable for this application, being unable to recover the underlying metabolite association network. We recommend the PCLRC algorithm for the inference on metabolite association networks.
Standards in Genomic Sciences, 10 (1), pp. 15, 2015, ISSN: 1944-3277.
This genome report describes the draft genome and the physiological characteristics of Desulfitobacterium hafniense PCE-S, a Gram-positive bacterium known to dechlorinate tetrachloroethene (PCE) to dichloroethene by a PCE reductive dehalogenase. The draft genome has a size of 5,666,696 bp with a G?+?C content of 47.3%. The genome is very similar to the already sequenced Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51 and the type strain DCB-2. We identified two complete reductive dehalogenase (rdh) genes in the genome of D. hafniense PCE-S, one of which encodes PceA, the PCE reductive dehalogenase, and is located on a transposon. Interestingly, this transposon structure differs from the PceA-containing transposon of D. hafniense Y51. The second rdh encodes an unknown reductive dehalogenase, highly similar to rdhA 7 found in D. hafniense DCB-2, in which the corresponding gene is disrupted. This reductive dehalogenase might be responsible for the reductive dechlorination of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol, which is mediated by D. hafniense PCE-S in addition to the reductive dechlorination of PCE.
Current Biotechnology, 4 (4), pp. 457–463, 2015, ISSN: 22115501.
Background: To fully exploit the potential of microalgae as commercial green hosts, the scientific community has to improve their understanding of these organisms from a systems biology perspective. Compared to other model organisms, our genomic knowledge of the microalgae model species Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is very limited. Currently, almost 90% of the functional annotated proteins of C. reinhardtii and of other microalgal proteins are homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana proteins, which suggests that for the most part only the metabolic core conserved between these species is properly annotated. Objective: This review highlights how proteins outside of this core can be annotated by applying publically available tools and methods. These include the use of novel state-of-the-art prediction tools, combinations of these tools, and the use of metabolic modeling-assisted functional annotation. Furthermore, we discuss the need for data on the subcellular location of microalgal proteins. Finally, some remaining bottlenecks regarding functional annotation of microalgal proteins are discussed. Conclusion: We conclude that both large dry-lab and wet-lab efforts are required to generate reliable functional annotations of microalgae.
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 8 (1), pp. 150, 2015, ISSN: 1754-6834.
BACKGROUND: The development of biological processes that replace the existing petrochemical-based industry is one of the biggest challenges in biotechnology. Aspergillus niger is one of the main industrial producers of lignocellulolytic enzymes, which are used in the conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks into fermentable sugars. Both the hydrolytic enzymes responsible for lignocellulose depolymerisation and the molecular mechanisms controlling their expression have been well described, but little is known about the transport systems for sugar uptake in A. niger. Understanding the transportome of A. niger is essential to achieve further improvements at strain and process design level. Therefore, this study aims to identify and classify A. niger sugar transporters, using newly developed tools for in silico and in vivo analysis of its membrane-associated proteome.$backslash$n$backslash$nRESULTS: In the present research work, a hidden Markov model (HMM), that shows a good performance in the identification and segmentation of functionally validated glucose transporters, was constructed. The model (HMMgluT) was used to analyse the A. niger membrane-associated proteome response to high and low glucose concentrations at a low pH. By combining the abundance patterns of the proteins found in the A. niger plasmalemma proteome with their HMMgluT scores, two new putative high-affinity glucose transporters, denoted MstG and MstH, were identified. MstG and MstH were functionally validated and biochemically characterised by heterologous expression in a S. cerevisiae glucose transport null mutant. They were shown to be a high-affinity glucose transporter (K m = 0.5 ± 0.04 mM) and a very high-affinity glucose transporter (K m = 0.06 ± 0.005 mM), respectively.$backslash$n$backslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This study, focusing for the first time on the membrane-associated proteome of the industrially relevant organism A. niger, shows the global response of the transportome to the availability of different glucose concentrations. Analysis of the A. niger transportome with the newly developed HMMgluT showed to be an efficient approach for the identification and classification of new glucose transporters.
Journal of Biomedical Semantics, 6 (1), pp. 39, 2015, ISSN: 2041-1480.
BACKGROUND: Semantic web technologies have a tremendous potential for the integration of heterogeneous data sets. Therefore, an increasing number of widely used biological resources are becoming available in the RDF data model. There are however, no tools available that provide structural overviews of these resources. Such structural overviews are essential to efficiently query these resources and to assess their structural integrity and design, thereby strengthening their use and potential.$backslash$n$backslash$nRESULTS: Here we present RDF2Graph, a tool that automatically recovers the structure of an RDF resource. The generated overview allows to create complex queries on these resources and to structurally validate newly created resources.$backslash$n$backslash$nCONCLUSION: RDF2Graph facilitates the creation of complex queries thereby enabling access to knowledge stored across multiple RDF resources. RDF2Graph facilitates creation of high quality resources and resource descriptions, which in turn increases usability of the semantic web technologies.


Christmas and Winter Holiday Vocabulary 100 Word List Use these words to design puzzles, worksheets, and activities Can you name the Christmas words A-Z? Can you name the Christmas words A-Z? Test your knowledge on this holiday quiz to see how you do and compare your score to others. Quiz by SofaKingLucky. Holiday Quiz / Christmas A-Z Random Holiday or Religious Holiday Quiz Can you name the Christmas words A-Z?
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' started by Di, Dec 3, 2006. Page 1 of 15 1. Christmas vocabulary, Christmas word list - a free resource used in over 24, 000 schools to enhance vocabulary mastery& written/verbal skills with Latin& Greek roots. Christmas vocabulary, Christmas word list - a free resource used in over 24, 000 schools to enhance vocabulary mastery& written/verbal skills with Latin& Greek roots. Find and save ideas about Christmas words on Pinterest. | See more ideas about Christmas word search, Book my packet and Christmas word search printable.
Christmas words. February 8, 2010 By Vocabulary Lists (New York, NY). definitions& notes only words. Bethlehem. a small town near Jerusalem on the West Bank of the Jordan River; early home of David and regarded as the place where Jesus was born. Xmas. a Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Christ. Yule. period extending from. A list of words that start with Christmas (words with the prefix Christmas).
We search a large scrabble dictionary for scrabble words starting with christmas - we take the letter or word you enter, and generate all words starting with Christmas. Jul 17, 2018. This comprehensive Christmas and winter holiday vocabulary word list can be used in the classroom in so many ways. Use it to inspire word. Can you name Xmas words starting with u Christmas words A-Z?.
Holiday Quiz / Christmas A-Z. Bob Cratchit's son in 'A Christmas Carol' U: Christmas Carols and Songs Starting with letter" U" Up On the Housetop: Unto us a boy is born; Press here to return to main index Sponsored By.
Christmas holiday words that start with the letter v?. A Xmas words starting with u of the Christmas holiday starting dates for 2010 is below. Queensland - December 10. Northern. A complete list of words describing Christmas and Winter. Christmas Nouns. Beauty, Bedizenment, Beginning, Belief, Bell, Belonging, Bellyful Benedicite.
Christmas words beginning with the letter R: Around The Christmas U= V= W= Winter X= Xmas. A christmas related word for every letter of the alphabet please.
?. Any christmas related words starting with the letter" A" ? The official Collins English Dictionary online. Browse English Dictionary words from Christmas present to chromatype and view definitions A: Comprehensive lists of words beginning with the letter B are available at the Collins Dictionary website.
Words on the site are arranged in sequential alph. Words on the site are arranged in sequential alph. Whats Christmas words start with these letters? I need an 8-letter Christmas word that starts with A? Any Christmas related words starting with the letter" E"" C"or" M" ? Find holiday words and phrases for Christmas advertising, card messages, and more!
Adjectives; Nouns; Verbs; Phrases. Christian; angelic; anticipating. The a-z of christmas words? ok my girl has a sheet from school, can u think of a christmas word starting with every letter from the alphabet please 4 following Nov 29, 2009 · Christmas words that start with letter U?
Follow. Report Abuse. Are you sure you want to delete this answer?. Any Christmas related words starting with the letter" H" and" D" ? ? Christmas words that start with A, L and T?
Answer Questions. Find A Vocabulary List for Christmas Words In French With Audio Here! My students are going to create their own A to Z Christmas books as a langauge arts lesson. I still need words for Q, X, and U. I could use a few. Christmas Vocabulary Word Bank, Wordbank. Advertisement. Long U Words Mammals" Many" Martin Luther King, Jr. Math and Numbers Measurement Metals Military Money Improve your French vocabulary by studying words in the language starting with letters T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z.
Listen to how the words are pronounced. Some Christmas words that begin with u are unwrap and under (asin under the tree). The words yule and yuletide have a u sound, but they actually begin with y.
A complete list of words describing Christmas and Winter. Positive words that describe the Yuletide Solstice season.
Seasonal Adjectives, Adverbs, and Verbs.


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Felix Otto (* 14. Juni 1983 in Düsseldorf) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Ruderer. Er war mehrfach deutscher Meister, Weltcupsieger, Weltcupgesamtsieger und Weltmeister im Rudersport mit der deutschen Rudernationalmannschaft geworden. Seine größten Erfolge hat er als Leichtgewichts-Ruderer errungen. Ab 2008 startete er in der offenen Gewichtsklasse.

Kurzbiografie

Leben
Felix Otto wuchs mit seinen drei Geschwistern in Düsseldorf auf. Er besuchte die katholische Grundschule St. Blasius und wechselte dann auf das Görres-Gymnasium in Düsseldorf an der Königsallee. Nach seinem Abitur begann er das Studium der Medizin an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum.

Sportlicher Werdegang
Felix Otto war schon als Kind sportbegeistert. Mit sechs Jahren trat er dem Düsseldorfer Fussballclub Sparta Bilk bei, den er mit zehn Jahren wieder verließ. Die sportliche Laufbahn ging nahtlos in den Rheinischen Fechtclub Düsseldorf (RFKD) über. Hier war er zusammen Mitglied mit dem späteren und ersten deutschen Fechtolympiasieger, von 2008 in Peking, Benjamin Kleibrink.

Mit fünfzehn Jahren trat Otto dem Ruderclub Germania Düsseldorf 1904 (RCGD) bei. Durch den Vater kam er unter die Betreuung des Clubtrainers Stephan Krajewski, der ihm die Anfänge des Riemenruderns beigebracht hat. Für diesen Verein erruderte er auch seine ersten und wichtigsten Erfolge im Rudersport. In seiner ersten Saison 1999 startete Otto bei den Deutschen Jahrgangsmeisterschaften der U17-Junioren in München. In den Jahren darauf folgten dann zahlreiche Titel als Deutscher Juniorenmeister, Deutscher U23-Meister und Landesmeister. 2002 wechselte Otto mit seinem Partner Stephan Mlecko zum Trainer Oliver Kampmeier nach Essen. Nach dem Erringen der deutschen U23-Meistertitel in Essen am Baldeneysee im Leichtgewichts-Vierer ohne Steuermann und dem Leichtgewichts-Achter wurden beide in den deutschen Kader der U23-Rudernationalmannschaft berufen. Otto bestritt seine ersten U23-Weltmeisterschaften in Belgrad.

In den Jahren 2004 und 2005 wechselte Otto nicht nur noch einmal Trainer, sondern auch das Ruderteam. Unter Rita Hendes wurde er mit den Partnern Ole Rückbrodt, Lutz Ackermann und Joel El-Qalqili in den deutschen Leichtgewichts-Vierer ohne Steuermann der U23-Altersklasse berufen. Hier ruderte er ebenfalls auf den U23-Weltmeisterschaften der U23-Rudernationalmannschaft 2004 in Posen und 2005 in Amsterdam. Otto wurde im Jahr 2004 in das Team 2008 Peking der Stadt Düsseldorf berufen. Diese nahm die Düsseldorfer Marketing & Tourismus GmbH (DMT), die Stadtsparkasse Düsseldorf, sowie der Stadtsportbund vor. Hier wurde Otto professionell gefördert.

Im Jahr 2006 gab es eine Umstrukturierung im Deutschen Ruderverband (DRV) und es wurde in der offenen Leichtgewichtsklasse mit Brigitte Bielig aus Dresden eine Cheftrainerin berufen. Diese stellte nach den Deutschen Kleinboot-Meisterschaften 2006 in Brandenburg einen Sechserkreis zusammen, in den Otto berufen wurde. Er bildete in diesem Jahr mit seinem ehemaligen Vierer-Partner Ole Rückbrodt, den Leichtgewichts-Zweier ohne Steuermann. Die beiden ruderten ihre erste Saison in der offenen Leichtgewichtsklasse und bestritten die ersten World-Cup-Rennen in München, Posen und Luzern. Mit dem Sieg des World-Cups in Luzern am Rotsee wurden die beiden für die Ruder-Weltmeisterschaften in Eton nominiert. Hier wurde Otto mit seinem Partner zum ersten deutschen Weltmeister im Leichtgewichts-Zweier ohne Steuermann.

Ende des Jahres 2006 zog Otto nach Dortmund zum Ruderstützpunkt, um die Nähe zur Uni und den Bundestrainern zu verbinden. Er trainierte weiter unter der Betreuung von Bundestrainer Dieter Grahn sowie Stützpunkttrainer Christian Viedt. Im Frühjahr 2007 gab es erneut eine Umstrukturierung im Leichtgewichtsbereich des DRV. Uwe Bender wurde nun zum Cheftrainer der Leichtgewichte ernannt. Der Trainingsstandort von Otto verlagert sich erneut, diesmal nach Saarbrücken. Otto wurde als einziger seines alten U23-Vierers in den neuen Sechserkreis berufen. Hier trainierte er mit den späteren Vize-Weltmeistern von 2007 und den Weltmeistern von 2009, den Zwillingen Martin und Jochen Kühner, in einer Trainingsgruppe am Olympiastützpunkt Saarbrücken.

Die Saison lief mit seinem neuen Zweierpartner nur mäßig an und der erste World-Cup in Linz endet mit einem zehnten Platz im Zweier unter den Erwartungen. Das Team konnte die Form aber verbessern und landete auf dem letzten World-Cup in Luzern auf dem dritten Platz. Mit dieser Prüfung wurde Otto mit seinem Zweierpartner in das TOP-Team-Peking-2008 berufen und zum Stamm des Leichtgewichts-Vierer ohne Steuermann ernannt, da dieser in Luzern hinter der Konkurrenz blieb. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2007 in München verpasste der Vierer um Otto schließlich die Qualifikationsplätze für die Olympischen Sommerspiele 2008 in Peking, da er krankheitsbedingt abgemeldet werden musste.

Um im folgenden Jahr 2008 noch ein Ticket für die Olympischen Sommerspiele in Peking zu errudern, bereitete sich Otto mit einem erweiterten Kreis auf die olympische Qualifikationsregatta in Luzern vor, auf der ein letzter Startplatz im leichten Vierer vergeben wurde. Nach einigen Selektionsmaßnahmen wurde Otto wieder in den Sechserkreis aufgenommen. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt erfuhr der DRV vor allem im Leistungssportbereich eine enorme Umstrukturierung. Der Bundestrainer wurde nach Streitgesprächen entlassen. Es gab große Diskussionen und nur einige Wochen vor Olympia eine Neubenennung des Cheftrainers und des Sportlerteams. Hier zog Otto die Notbremse und verfasste einen Brief an die zuständigen Trainer mit der Bitte "Otto aus dem erlesenen Kreis zu entlassen, da Otto nicht mehr mit dieser Konstellation nach Olympia fahren möchte". Die Chancen auf ein erfolgreiches Abschneiden waren scheinbar zu gering. Er stehe aber weiter zur Verfügung. Der skandalöse letzte Platz des Deutschland-Achters und die Tatsache, dass der Männer-Riemenbereich bei den Spielen in Peking nicht keine einzige Medaille gewonnen hatte, veranlasste den DRV, einen neuen Trainerstab aufzustellen und den Sportdirektor zu entlassen, der nach den verpatzten Rennen in einem Interview im öffentlichen Fernsehen eine mangelnde Reflexion der Tatsachen vorwies. Nach diesen Entscheidungen entschloss sich Otto dazu, die Profilaufbahn zu beenden.

Er entschied sich kurzfristig mit seinem alten Zweierpartner Ole Rückbrodt die Saison mit anderen internationalen Regatten zu Ende zu bringen. Otto entschied sich außerdem dazu, nicht mehr im Leichtgewichtsbereich zu fahren, sondern startete nun in der offenen Gewichtsklasse. Die beiden starteten auf der Henley Royal Regatta, erreichten unerwartet das Finale und unterlagen nur knapp den Olympiadritten des Männer-Zweier ohne Steuermann aus Südafrika. Weiter brachten sie die Saison mit einem erst nachträglich zugesprochenen zweiten Platz der Studentenweltmeisterschaften in Belgrad zu Ende, da die Erstplatzierten des Dopings überführt wurden und Otto mit seinem Partner somit vom Dritten auf den Zweiten Platz nachrückte.

Sportliche Aktivitäten danach
Da Otto weiterhin sportlich aktiv blieb, wechselt er Ende 2008 ins Mannschaftslager des Trainers Ralf Müller an den Fühlinger See in Köln, zum Verein RTHC Bayer Leverkusen.

Im Jahr 2009 wurde in Deutschland mit der Ruder-Bundesliga (RBL) ein neues Ruderkonzept ins Leben gerufen. Für diese stellte Otto mit seinem Bruder Moritz Otto, Olympiasieger Stephan Volkert, Weltmeister Stephan Koltzk, Weltmeister Thorsten Engelmann und seinen Vereinskameraden ein geeignetes Achter-Team zusammen: die RTHC-Bayer-Leverkusen-Pred8oars (Predators=Raubtiere; 8=acht Mann; oars=engl. für Riemen). Mit Otto als Schlagmann schaffte es die Mannschaft als fünftes Boot in die 1. Ruder-Bundesliga. Hier erruderten sie einige Podiumsplätze. Otto gewann mit den Pred8oars außerdem den "8er Sprint Düsseldorf" im Düsseldorfer Medienhafen, wo beste Teams national und international im K.-o.-System gegeneinander antreten, und sicherte sich das Preisgeld. Weiter belegte Otto den zweiten Platz bei dem Kölner Stadtachter während der Kölner Lichter, das im WDR übertragen wurde.

Im Jahr darauf blieb Otto den Pred8oars treu und widmete sich zusätzlich dem Deutschen Hochschulsport. Er gewann zusammen mit seinem Bruder die Deutschen Hochschulmeisterschaften in allen Männer-Riemenbootsklassen, dem Männer-Zweier ohne Steuermann, dem Männer-Vierer ohne Steuermann und dem Männer-Achter mit Steuermann. Dadurch wurde er erneut für die Studentenweltmeisterschaften in Szeged nominiert, diesmal aber im Vierer ohne Steuermann, außerdem mit seinem Bruder im Zweier ohne für die Studenteneuropameisterschaften in Amsterdam (Niederlande). Otto stellte hier mit seinem Bruder an dessen Geburtstag im Finale einen neuen Studenten-Europarekord auf. Mit den Pred8oars konnte der Titel beim "8er Sprint Düsseldorf" verteidigt werden. Bei den Kölner Lichtern 2010 holte Otto mit den Pred8oars nach langer Zeit den Preis wieder nach Leverkusen.

Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen
Felix Otto wurde 2006 vom Landessportbund Nordrhein-Westfalen für seine Goldmedaille bei der Weltmeisterschaft in Eton mit der Sportlerehrenmedaille des Landes ausgezeichnet. Die Medaille überreichte der damalige Innenminister Ingo Wolff persönlich, in Ottos Heimatverein. Die Stadt Dortmund verlieh Otto den Ehrenring der Stadt Dortmund im Jahr 2006, weil er während dieser Zeit dem Stützpunkt Dortmund zugehörig war. Otto wurde außerdem einige Male vom Oberbürgermeister der Stadt Düsseldorf, unter anderem Joachim Erwin, im Rathaus, in Form einer Sportlerehrung geehrt.

Aktuelles
Aktuell lebt Otto mit seiner Lebensgefährtin in Düsseldorf.

Sportliche Erfolge

Weltmeisterschaften
 Sieger im Leichtgewichts-Zweier ohne Steuermann 2006 Eton

U23-Weltmeisterschaften
 Dritter im Leichtgewichts-Vierer ohne Steuermann 2003 Belgrad
 Sieger im Leichtgewichts-Vierer ohne Steuermann 2004 Poznań
 Sieger im Leichtgewichts-Vierer ohne Steuermann 2005 Amsterdam

Ruder-Weltcup
 Sieger im Leichtgewichts-Zweier 2006 München
 Sieger im Leichtgewichts-Zweier 2006 Luzern
 Zweiter im Leichtgewichts-Zweier 2006 Poznań
 Dritter im Leichtgewichts-Zweier 2007 Luzern

Deutsche Meisterschaften
 Dritte Deutsche U19 Meisterschaften 2000 Brandenburg
 Erste Deutsche U19 Meisterschaften (Leichtgewichts-Vierer; Leichtgewichts-Achter) 2001 Brandenburg
 Erste Deutsche U23 Meisterschaften im Leichtgewichts-Achter 2002 Essen
 Zweite Deutsche U23 Meisterschaften im Leichtgewichts-Vierer 2002 Essen
 Erste Deutsche U23 Meisterschaften im Leichtgewichts-Vierer 2003 Brandenburg
 Zweite Deutsche U23 Meisterschaften im Leichtgewichts-Zweier 2003 Brandenburg
 Erste Deutsche U23 Meisterschaften (Leichtgewichts-Vierer; Leichtgewichts-Achter) 2004 Essen
 Zweites Deutsches Meisterschaftsrudern (Leichtgewichts-Vierer; Leichtgewichts-Achter) 2004 Berlin
 Erste Deutsche U23 Meisterschaften (Leichtgewichts-Vierer; Leichtgewichts-Achter) 2005 Duisburg
 Drittes Deutsches Meisterschaftsrudern Leichtgewichts-Zweier 2006 Brandenburg
 Erstes Deutsches Meisterschaftsrudern Doppelvierer 2009 Essen
 Dritte Deutsche Spintmeisterschaften Achter 2009 Köln

Studentenweltmeisterschaften
 Zweiter Studentenweltmeisterschaften im Zweier 2008 Belgrad
 Zweiter Studentenweltmeisterschaften im Vierer 2010 Szeged

Studenteneuropameisterschaften
 Erster Studenteneuropameisterschaften im Zweier 2010 Amsterdam

Ruder-Bundesliga
 Dritter RBL-Event Ratzeburg 2009
 Zweiter RBL-Event Hannover 2009
 Erster RBL-Event Krefeld 2009

Weblinks

 Landessportbund Nordrhein-Westfalen Bedeutende Sportler des Landes NRW
 Felix Otto ausgebootet Bericht über das freiwillige Olympiaaus von Felix Otto
 Ruder Club Germania Düsseldorf Diverse Artikel und Berichte auf der Clubseite des RCGD
 Sportslife (PDF-Datei; 3,8 MB) Stadtsportbund Düsseldorf. Printausgabe 01_2007. Bericht über Felix Otto.
 Sportslife (PDF-Datei; 3,2 MB) Stadtsportbund Düsseldorf. Printausgabe 04_2006. Felix Otto.
 Sportslife (PDF-Datei; 2,5 MB) Stadtsportbund Düsseldorf. Printausgabe 03_2006. Übergabe Sportlerehrenmedaille an Felix Otto und Weltbestzeit.
 Düsseldorfs "Team 2008" Artikel über Zugehörigkeit zum geförderten Team 2008.
 Düsseldorfer wird Ruderweltmeister Zeitungsartikel über Sieg in Poznań, Polen.
 Ehrung im Rathaus Düsseldorf durch Oberbürgermeister Erwin
 U23 Weltmeister in Amsterdam Zeitungsartikel über Sieg und Ehrung in Amsterdam.

 Sieg bei den Kölner Lichtern Zeitungsartikel, dass die Pred8oars bei den Kölner Lichtern siegen.
 Sieg beim 8er Sprint 2009 Bericht des Sieges auf der Homepage des ETUF Essen. Ruderabteilung.
 Sieg beim 8er Sprint 2010 Bericht des Sieges auf der Homepage des DRV.
 Radiosender Antenne Düsseldorf Artikel Weltmeister beim Radiosender.

Weltmeister (Rudern)
Deutscher Meister (Rudern)
Ruderer (Deutschland)
Ehrenringträger der Stadt Dortmund
Deutscher
Geboren 1983
Mann

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We've already shown you the UK's best boutique hostels and, for travels further afoot, here are their European counterparts. If anything, they are even more impressive: swimming pools, sun terraces, home cooking, laid back European cool. I'm dusting off my backpack as I type.
If you paid attention to the UK Hostels, you'll remember London's Generator hostel. Well, they've also got equally stylish stays on offer in Dublin, Berlin, Barcelona, Hamburg, Venice and Copenhagen, where this picture of this rather cool communal area comes from. Copenhagen as a city is pricey: save more money for beer by staying here.
Plus is another chain offering smarter than your average hostel experiences in Rome, Florence, Venice and Prague. This swimming pool is found in their Berlin hostel, where prices start at just 11 euros a night. They also have a sauna, offer free yoga classes and, perhaps most importantly, there's a bathroom in every room, including the dorms. Other hostels to look out for in Berlin include the sleek One80 hostel and the Cat's Pajamas, recently voted the fourth best large hostel in the whole world.
Istanbul is one of my favourite cities. However, last time I went I ended up staying somewhere where you needed to sit on the loo to shower. I won't be making that mistake again. Next time, I'm definitely going to book myself into bunk. There are two branches in the city. Beyoglu is in the heart of arty, party Istanbul, situated in one of its gorgeous historical buildings, complete with marble bathrooms. Its rooftop terrace offers the perfect place to chill out with an Effes after a hard day's sightseeing.
Madrid's U Hostel is also situated within a converted historical building - a 19th-century palace no less! Spacious and airy, they pride themselves on their mattresses, apparently worthy of a five star hotel. The cinema room and sun terrace are both also strong selling points, for prices starting at £11 a night. There are also women-only dorms available.
This, meanwhile, is the impressive looking restaurant and bar attached to another of Madrid's hostels, the Ventura branch of Room007.
Seriously, can you believe this is a hostel? It is, honest! It's Lisbon's Independente. Aside from gorgeous ceilings, tiled floors and impressive chair options, this hostel's treats include a beer garden, a bar that looks like it would be at home in the next issue of Wallpaper, and four private suites overlooking the River Tagus. Lisbon is actually chock-full of brilliant hostels: take a look also at the Lisb'on Hostel, Travellers House and Home Hostel, where there's a home-cooked meal on offer every night in 'mamma's kitchen'. And, if you do go to Lisbon, be sure to bring us back some Ginja, it's perfect for making Black Forest gateaux cookies.
Portugal does an extremely good line in hostels. This is one of the double rooms available in Porto's Tattva. Facilities include a terrace, barbecue, restaurant and an aquarium lounge. Only downside? You probably won't be able to get that Kula Shaker song out your head your entire visit. Porto's Gallery Hostel, meanwhile, lives up to its name with its own art gallery, amongst many other delights.
Ostello Bello proves there's more to Milan than designer labels. There's a brilliant emphasis on food here, with a Mediterranean breakfast included in the price, cultural events on offer that include tastings, a 'Italian-Grandma style kitchen' for self-catering options, or the hostel's own bar and restaurant, frequented by locals as well as guest. Relax in one of the hammocks on the roof terrace if all that eating becomes a little too much.
Barcelona's Sant Jordi Gracia actually prides itself as being the first "fixed-gear themed hostel". This may or may not be a selling point, depending on your enthusiasm for talking about fixies in Spanish. It does also provide a cool, chilled out environment, with books, a sound system and even a guitar in its communal areas for alternative entertainment to bikes. Also in the city, Chic & Basic Tallers is actually more of a hotel than a hostel. As the name suggests it's chic (think lots of white with cute, colourful wall sticker embellishments), but basic. They do single rooms, so could be a great option if you're travelling alone and don't fancy bedding down in a dorm bunk.
But what's really got me itching to get on the backpack again is Goli &Bosi, in the gorgeous Split, Croatia. You'll need to learn to love their yellow and white colour scheme (I'm sure it'll look lovely in the sunshine), but it's situated right in the heart of Split Old Town, near the waterfront and this is their De Belly restaurant, which serves 'no frill foods for the traveller'. Well, it certainly looks like it'll be better than my usual 'no frills' budget meals. Prices start at only 20 euros a night.
Visited any amazing hostels on your travels? Tell us all about them in the comments!
Generator in Barcelona is a fantastic boutique hotel... I have been there 2 times and I definitely recommend it!


Submitted by Nick Brutus Gra... on March 12, 2017 @ 8:57pm.
Converse just dropped a short filmed titled Forever Chuck and it's off the chain!!!!
Director Karim Huu Do created a visual collage of the dreams and desires that drive people who wear Chucks. They invited current influencers to collaborate on this piece of visual art that represents Converse's core values through stunning imagery of today's spirit of youth culture moving forward.
"The Chuck Taylor has been a cultural icon with a rich history and even more incredible future," said Julien Cahn, Chief Marketing Officer at Converse.
Some of these culture influencers include Olly Alexander, Keith Ape, Vince Staples, Maisie Williams and many more. They all communicate compelling stories throughout the piece, whether it is a short sentence, or just a reaction, it is captured in all of its beauty and essence.
We collected a few stunning gifs below, but there's plenty more eye-candy up above. Click to watch the entire short film.
You might see different versions and length of the short film somewhere on a social network near you.


text:
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Any help is appreciated..thanks

A: Not 100% sure but maybe try something like this: https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/eventTrackerGuide

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Refer to the Class Schedule for available classes and days. To sign up for math classes other than Fun Math, click here.
If a student is attending more than one class, you can update the quantity right after pressing the "Pay Now" button, and add the desired classes and days below the shipping address. You can switch the class or day to attend later if there is space available.
All Mandarin textbooks, class handouts, binders, paper, pencils, etc. will be provided free of charge as needed.


Our operating hours are from 06:00 to 14:00 Pacific Standard Time, Monday through Friday, except national holidays. You may contact us by telephone, fax, e-mail or postal mail. Or, you may click on the "Talk by Phone" icon displayed to the right during business hours, and you will be connected by phone to our customer service.
Contact publisher of product directly. This information should be found in the product manual.