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Apple Tops Wall Street Earnings Expectations for June Quarter [Update]
Bryan Chaffin
Aug 1st, 2017 4:38 PM EDT | News
Apple reported revenues of US$45.4 billion and earnings per share (EPS) of $1.67 on Tuesday for the June quarter, the company's 3rd fiscal quarter. ($AAPL Q3 2017.) Revenues topped Wall Street consensus estimates, while earnings soared past.
Apple had offered guidance for the June quarter of revenues between $43.5 billion and $45.5 billion. Wall Street consensus estimates were $44.9 billion in revenues and and earnings per share (EPS) of $1.57.
These results compare to revenues of $42.4 billion and EPS of $1.42 in the year-ago quarter.
Apple CEO Tim Cook said in a statement that Apple's services revenue hit an all-time high during the quarter. He said, "With revenue up 7 percent year-over-year, we're happy to report our third consecutive quarter of accelerating growth and an all-time quarterly record for Services revenue."
Apple sold 41 million iPhones during the quarter, plus the company reduced inventory by more than 3 million units. During Apple's quarterly conference call, CFO Luca Maestri said Apple had its lowest channel inventory in two and a half years.
The company reported sales of 11.4 million iPads, a 15% year-over-year increase. That's the first quarterly unit sales increase in years.
Guidance for Q42017
Apple provided guidance of revenues between $49 and $52 billion, with gross margins between 37.5 and 38%. Operating expenses are expected to be between $6.7 billion and $6.8 billion. Other expenses will be $500 million, and Apple expects a tax rate of 25.5%.
Shares of $AAPL ended higher at $150.05, up $1.32 (+0.89%), on strong volume of 25 million shares trading hands.
*In the interest of full disclosure, the author holds a tiny, almost insignificant share in AAPL stock that was not an influence in the creation of this article.
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2 thoughts on "Apple Tops Wall Street Earnings Expectations for June Quarter [Update]"
Lee Dronick says:
August 1, 2017 at 8:10 EDT PM
Tomorrow AAPL will be down on news that the the Slurpy machine at a 7/11 is broke.
Hagen says:
Looks like Wall Street likes the report. After-hours trading has stabilised around $159 per share. We'll see if this holds for tomorrow morning's market opening.


Well took the Honda Jazz out on the streets for a spin today. I was feeling a little bit nervous about it to be honest – I mean I have just paid £8,0000 for this car and as I suspected the exchange rates have gone against me immediately! Yeah, the pound is now about 1 bhat stronger – so lets see… I paid at 47 to the pound and now will be about 48 – so thats £8260 and I paid £8436 – arrghhh!! oh well, at least I have a nice car. Well back to the point, took the car out. I got a sat nav as well for 2,600b which works just fine – I keyed in my language school address and off I went – took just 40 minutes without using the toll roads – actually about the same amount of time as taking Sky Train + Motor Bike taxi but cheaper and less hassle – so its a big thumbs up for car ownership in Bangkok. Not that I plan on spending much more time here in Bangers – too bloody expensive.
It is nice to be sat in the air con car whilst its blazing hot outside – I feel like I am becoming a bit of a snob now that I have a car.


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Higher wage increases were enjoyed by local employees in 2013, amid the tight labour market and improved economic conditions.
This was the key finding of the Report on Wage Practices 2013, conducted by Ministry of Manpower's Research and Statistics Department.
The report found total wages (including employer CPF contributions) in the private sector grew by 5.3% in 2013. The figure was higher than the local wage increases of 4.2% in 2012.
The report highlighted this rise in wages could be attributed to more employers following the National Wages Council's (NWC) recommendation to give a built-in wage increase to low-wage employees earning a basic monthly salary of up to $1,000.
"There has been a general uptrend in the implementation of the flexible wage measures since the release of the tripartite wage restructuring recommendations in January 2004, resulting in a large majority of employees in the private sector being under some form of flexible wage system," the study stated.
Up to December 2013, nearly eight in 10 (77%) private establishments with employees earning a monthly basic salary of up to $1,000 gave or intended to give wage increases to these employees in 2013, a substantial rise from the 60% in 2012.
This included 57% of establishments that gave at least $60 built-in wage increase as recommended by NWC in 2013, up from the 28% that gave at least $50 recommended in the preceding year.
"Having a narrow maximum-minimum salary ratio was the most common wage recommendation adopted, with 63% of private sector employees working in establishments with this flexible wage component. This was followed by linking variable bonus to key performance indicators (51%) and having the monthly variable component (34%) in the wage structure," the report stated.
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UNCONONENT KING ELVIS PRESLEY
The summer of 1954 stood outside … On July 5, Elvis first crossed the threshold of Sun Studio as singer Elvis Presley as a professional performer. A month later, Phillips released Presley's debut single. After the local radio disc jockey, at the request of Phillips, scrolled this song, the audience received calls from the studio. Along with the work in the studio, Elvis, Scotty and Bill, calling their trio BLUE MOON BOYS, began performing in the vicinity of Memphis, gradually climbing further and further from home.
Elvis grew in popularity, and the song Baby Let's Play House first hit the national hit parade. Elvis' latest single, Sun, went on sale in August 1955. The album reached the top of the American country hit-parade and lasted 40 weeks in the charts! So Elvis became a national phenomenon. One after another, the largest companies were luring Phillips with impressive amounts, wanting to acquire a rising star.
The stunning success of Elvis
On January 10, 1956, Elvis Presley appeared on the doorstep of the RCA recording studio in Nashville. His full energy singing, combined with shameless movements on the stage, became increasingly popular, millions of records were sold, and success helped rock and roll to become a profitable music genre. Opened the road to a whole generation of studio performers.
No one has caused so much violent girlish delights like Elvis, and this is the first indicator of success. Presley was entrenched by the first line in the American charts with the song "Hotel of Broken Hearts."
No wonder that very soon he was in Hollywood. The first Elvis film was called "Love Me Tenderly." Hero-lover – another role from an idol would be strange to expect. In total for 15 years, he appeared in 33 tapes, and they all had a box office success.
It's time to go to the army
Upon learning that he had received a summons to the army, the singer threw out some posh vases and candlesticks on the street, the singer Elvis Presley's luxury hotel in Beverly Hills. The manager brought him to his senses. The main argument is that the two-year separation will only stir up interest towards him, and the return can be submitted as a national holiday.
And here, accompanied by a flash escort, Presley departs for Fort Hood. He has already accumulated over 53 million. He has not forgotten about the "wheel" and felt good in a jeep, scrubbed his shoes and, like everyone, took "on guard". Freder than Presley served in Germany. Every week, a trip to Paris, and if you really need, by plane to Memphis.
In one of these attacks at an army party in his hometown, he looked at the 14-year-old Priscilla Bouillier, daughter of an Air Force captain. The blonde was embarrassed, for Presley it was so unusual that he was even more embarrassed by himself. The next day, Elvis rang the bell at the door of the two-story house at Boilee, with a full parade … As the bride was too young, the wedding had to wait seven years.
It seemed ahead straight and undisturbed way. But in 1962, after the next concert in Memphis, the singer Elvis Preslipevets disappeared. For the tabloid press, this became a new burning topic, and big newspapers did not lag behind. And Elvis at that time was intensively reading the Bible in his mansion and from time to time firing pistols at expensive trinkets. Boredom, apathy, drugs and a lot of whiskey – all this was. Elvis lived from binge to binge.
Only in May 1967, the black melancholy came to an end – he married Priscilla, and a year after the birth of his daughter Liza-Maria began touring. And in 1971, he is again in the top ten most prominent personalities of the United States. For five whole years, Elvis and Priscilla were together – an incredible amount for his rhythm of life. Then, taking their little daughter, Bouillier left, unable to bear her husband's habits.
At that time, Presley was one of 150 Americans – owners of the black belt in karate. He volunteered to train his bodyguards, the West Brothers, who later opened the school. Elvis imbued with karate so much that he considered his stage successes the result of his philosophy. But this did not save Presley from either craving for alcohol, or depression, or gluttony. Passion for food and drugs seized him again. He rushed from the mountain of delicacies to starvation – the weight jumped and fell just as uncontrollably. In the mid-1970s, it was impossible to hide that Presley was seriously ill.
Elvis Presley with his wife Priscillois Priscilla
March 21, 1977, interrupting his touring trip, Elvis went to the hospital for examination. Rumors that he had cancer, a heart attack, or simply a period of withdrawal from drugs, were no longer relevant. The closest to the truth was the rumor about the operation to combat obesity. But she could not affect the worst.
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Many a "primitive" community had the "technical" means to accumulate surpluses and simply did not bother. As M. Sahlins pointed out, the age of scarcity often meant abundance, with lots of idle time—though our "time" would have had little relevance to these people. As the West explored and conquered the world, travellers and anthropologists observed that searching for and storing food took a rather small portion of a "primitive's" day. After calculating that in just one hour, in the eighteenth century, an English farmer produced 2,600 calories and some Indonesians 4,500, Gregory Clark draws a parallel with hunter-gatherers who only "worked" a few hours a day: "Thus the average person in the world of 1800 was no better off than the person of 100,000 BC." Quite a striking comparison, but is it relevant to use the same notion, work, for a Papuan hunter-gatherer and a Yorkshire rural day-labourer? Clark has the mindset of an economist. The main point is that primitive "productive" activity was part of a global relationship with the group and its environment.
A new sort of community was born: with the autonomisation of value, via wage-labour, "money appears in fact as the thing-like existing community" (Marx).
A tendency towards a universal economy occurred around some great centres from Ancient times to the Middle Ages, but it failed to reach its aim. The propensity of empires to overstretch, and their subsequent break-up or destruction, illustrate this succession of failures. Rome was not the only huge geopolitical entity to rise and fall. Exchange relations periodically came to an end between the various parts of the civilised (i.e. statist and mercantile) world, after the demise of one or several empires. Such interruptions might last for centuries, during which the economy seemed to go backwards, towards a subsistence economy, until gold and sword combined to generate another aspiring all-encompassing power. Commerce alone, simple commodity production could not provide the stability, the durability required by the socialisation and unification of the world. Only capitalism created, from the sixteenth century on, but mainly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the necessary basis for a durable world-unified economy, when the Industrial Revolution turned labour itself into the Number One commodity.
Past labour is valorised by living labour. To invest, to accumulate—these are the mottos of capital, and the priority given to heavy industry in "socialist" countries is a sure sign of capitalism. But the system only multiplies steel mills, mines, airports, docks, etc., if and when they help accumulate value. Capital is first of all a sum of value, of abstract labour crystallised in the form of money, finance capital, shares, bonds, etc., in search for its own expansion, preferably in liquid form which makes capital as universally transferable as can be. An x sum of value must give x+profit at the end of the cycle.
The company is the locus of capitalism: each industrial, trading, or agricultural company operates as a rallying point for a quantum of value looking for expansion. The enterprise must make profits. Profitability has nothing to do with the evil doing of a few "big" capitalists, and communism does not mean getting rid of fat cigar smokers wearing top hats at horse shows. Old and new reformism always targets the rich, yet what matters is not individual profits, however outrageous they may be, but the constraint, the orientation imposed upon production and society by a system which dictates what and how to produce and to consume.
Of course, the Polish State could subsidise sofas and sell them at too low a price, i.e. below production cost: that game could last a while… until value finally staked its claim. Russian and Polish planners kept bending the rules of profitability, but these rules asserted themselves in the end, through poor quality, shortages, waste, black market, purging of managers, etc. In England, a non-competitive furniture manufacturer would have gone bankrupt. In Poland, the State protected companies against bankruptcy. Yet no-one can fiddle the logic of valorisation for too long. One firm, ten firms, a thousand could be saved from closure, until one day it was the whole society that went bankrupt. If her Majesty's government had kept bailing out every unprofitable company from the early days of industrialisation, capitalism would now be defunct in Britain. The "law of value," viz. regulation by the social average time, functioned in very different ways in "bureaucratic" and in "market" capitalism, but it did apply to both.
On the one hand, capital has socialised the world: all products tend to be the result of the activity of all humankind. On the other hand, our planet remains divided into competing corporations (backed by national States), which try to produce what is profitable, and produce to sell as much as possible. Value accumulation leads to over-accumulation, and value production to over-production. Growth is over-growth. Each enterprise tries to valorise its capital in the best possible conditions. Each tends to produce more than the market can absorb and hopes that its competitors will be the only ones who suffer from overproduction. As business grows more concentrated and centralised, monopolies postpone overproduction problems while further aggravating them until crisis re-adjusts supply to demand… only solvent demand, since capitalism only knows one way of circulating products: buying and selling.
Until the nineteenth century, a bad grain harvest would cause a decrease of agricultural production. The peasants bought fewer manufactured goods such as clothing or equipment, and industry found itself in trouble. Merchants speculated on corn and kept it in storage to drive prices up. Eventually there were famines here and there. The very existence of commodities and money is the condition for crises: there is a separation (materialised in time) between the two operations of buying and selling. From the standpoint of the merchant trying to increase his wealth, buying and selling corn are two distinct matters in time, the interval being determined by the amount and rate of his expected profit. In the interval between production and consumption, people starved: during the Irish famine of the 1840s, one million died while Ireland was a food net exporter. The mercantile system only acted as an aggravating circumstance in a crisis caused by climatic factors. The social context was pre-capitalist, or that of a weak capitalism, as in present-day China and Russia where bad harvests still have devastating effects on the economy and the people.
Pre-capitalist crises originated from an unavoidable reality (wet winter and freezing, for instance) which mercantile relations only made worse. Modern crises have no such natural origin: their cause is social. All the elements of industrial activity are present—raw materials, machines, workers—and left to lie fallow. They are not just things, material objects: they only exist socially if value brings them to life. This phenomenon is not "industrial"; it does not come from technical requirements. It is a social relation: productive apparatus and social structure are ruled by mercantile logic.
and the mass of non–wage earners, some of them in "rich" countries or areas, but most of them in less capitalist-developed "poor" countries. Since it has no means of livelihood because it is deprived of any means of production, a large part of the world's population has to sell its labour power in order to live… but it can't: capital only buys labour that brings in profit, so this labour power remains forcibly idle.
The economic "take-off" of some formerly less-developed countries, like Brazil, is quite real, but can only be achieved through the partial or total destruction of former ways of life. The introduction of the commodity economy deprives poor peasants of their means of subsistence, leaves them landless or drives them to the misery of overcrowded towns. Only a minority is "lucky" enough to find a factory, shop, or office job, or to work as a servant; the rest is under-employed or unemployed.
a class with radical chains, a class of civil society which is not a class of civil society, an estate which is the dissolution of all estates, a sphere which has a universal character by its universal suffering and claims no particular right because no particular wrong, but wrong generally, is perpetuated against it; which can invoke no historical, but only human, title; … a sphere, finally, which cannot emancipate itself without emancipating itself from all other spheres of society and thereby emancipating all other spheres of society, which, in a word, is the complete loss of man and hence can win itself only through the complete re-winning of man.
The natural urge to grow food, potatoes for instance, will be met through the birth of social links which will also result in vegetable gardening. The question is not how to grow potatoes because we have to eat. Rather, it is to imagine and invent a way to meet, to get and be together, that will include vegetable gardening and be productive of potatoes. Maybe potato growing will require more time than under capitalism, but that possibility will not be evaluated in terms of labour-time cost and saving.
Communism is not an entirely different economy: it is the end of the economy as a separate and privileged domain on which everything else depends, and where work is—like money—the source of a universal love-hate relationship. Humankind produces and reproduces its conditions of existence. Ever since the disintegration of primitive communities, but in an extreme form under capitalism, the activity through which man appropriates his environment has taken the form of work—both an obligation and a compulsion. On the one hand, it is a curse, a constraint opposed to leisure and "true" enjoyable life. On the other, it is so pervasive that it often pre-empts the worker's capability for other activity outside working hours, and many proletarians feel at a loss in their "free time," or when they retire. Work is a blessing and a curse. With capital, production, i.e. production for valorisation, has become our master. It is a dictatorship of production relations over society. When one produces, one sacrifices one's life-time in order to enjoy life afterwards; this enjoyment is disconnected from the actual content of the work, which is a means of supporting one's life (workaholics are more numerous among taxation experts than street cleaners).
If revolution comes at the opportune moment, if it concentrates all its forces so as to allow the rural commune full scope, the latter will soon develop as an element of regeneration in Russian society and an element of superiority over the countries enslaved by the capitalist system.
Communism is not a set of measures to be put into practice after the seizure of power. It is a movement which already exists, not as a mode of production (there can be no communist island within capitalist society), but as a tendency to community and solidarity never realised in this society: when it is implemented today, however innovative it can be, this tendency causes little else than marginal social experiments incapable of structural change. What they usually breed is more alternative lifestyles than new ways of life.
Modern strategy means the emancipation of the bourgeoisie and the peasantry: it is the military expression of that emancipation. The emancipation of the proletariat will also have a particular military expression and a new specific warfare. That is clear. We can even analyse such a strategy from the material conditions of the proletariat.
Insurrection cleaves the normal course of events and opens up make-or-break times. Up to now, insurgents have hardly ever reached the tipping point where creating an altogether new society could coincide with a corresponding armed action. In its culminating moments, for instance in Germany between 1919 and 1921, the proletariat never reached a communisation stage. Whereas the bourgeoisie resorted to its "natural" weapon—the economy—by dividing the working class through unemployment, the proletariat was unable to reply on the same scale by means of its blocking power over society. Though it went as far as to create a Red Army in the Ruhr in 1920, its military "offensive" remained socially defensive: the insurgents did not transform what they had taken control of. They did not raise the stakes by using the destructive-constructive "weapon" which their social function gives them.
In a very different context, when some riots in the United States re-appropriated goods, they remained on the level of consumption and distribution. Rioters were attacking commodity, not capital. Communisation will deal with the heart of the matter: value production. But the insurgents will only use this instrument if they transform it at the same time. Such a process can only take place on a worldwide scale, and first of all in several countries where social contradictions are more acute, which means communisation is more likely to be initiated in Western Europe, North America, and Japan.
The question is not the seizure of power by the workers. It is absurd to advocate the rule of the working class as it is now: a partner in the valorisation mechanism, and a subjected partner. Under the dominion of wage-labour and company, worker management is just capable of moderating the dictates of capital. The dictatorship of the existing working class cannot be anything but the dictatorship of its representatives, i.e. the leaders of the unions and workers' parties. This is the programme of the democratic left.
Marx's early works suggested a critique of politics, and opposed "political" to "social" revolution: the former rearranges links between individuals and groups without much change in what they actually do; the latter acts upon how people reproduce their means of existence, their way of life, their real condition, at the same time transforming how they relate to each other.
Democracy is a contradiction in terms, a lie and indeed sheer hypocrisy… This applies to all forms of government. Political freedom is a farce and the worst possible slavery; such a fictitious freedom is the worst enslavement. So is political equality: this is why democracy must be torn to pieces as well as any other form of government. Such a hypocritical form cannot go on. Its inherent contradiction must be exposed in broad daylight: either it means true slavery, which implies open despotism; or it means real freedom and real equality, which implies communism.
The essence—and limit—of political thought is to wonder how to organise people's lives, instead of considering first what those to-be-organised people do.
In sum, communisation will deprioritise the power question, by stressing the nature of the change: revolution will be born out of a common refusal to submit, out of the hope of getting to a point of no return where people transform themselves and gain a sense of their own power as they transform reality.
 Marshall Sahlins, "The Original Affluent Society," in Stone Age Economics (Chicago: Aldine, 1972).
 Fredy Perlman, The Reproduction of Daily Life (Detroit: Black & Red, 1969).
 Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Powers 1500–2000 (New York: Random House, 1987); Immanuel Wallerstein, Historical Capitalism (London: Verso, 1983); Giovanni Arrighi and Beverly Silver, Chaos and Governance in the Modern World System (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999).
 Sorry for the old-fashioned cliché. Today's bourgeoisie has been updated and even increasingly genderised: a woman became head of the IMF in 2011, another is currently Facebook's COO, etc.
 Marx, Poverty of Philosophy, 1847, chap. 1, section 2.
 On value formation and de-formation in the USSR, see Aufheben no.9, 2000.
 Though there are exceptions, most of those companies called multinational are first and foremost U.S., Japanese, Chinese, etc. The theory of a world company, an international ruling financial oligarchy, or a post-nation-State empire (as in Negri and Hardt's 2000 bestseller), is not documented by facts. As demonstrated by the pre-1914 economic internationalisation, closer interconnections on the world market go together with competing monopolies and antagonistic political entities or blocs. In the twenty-first century, national States are still warring with one another economically… for the moment. The bourgeoisie may be cosmopolitan, and capital indeed flows worldwide online every second, but the planet remains divided between contending political entities, large or small, with the oddity of an economic giant that remains politically feeble: Europe.
 In the 1946–47 famine in Russia, estimates vary from one to two million deaths. At the end of the 1950s, millions starved in China. In both cases, climatic factors and government policy coalesced to create chaos and catastrophe.
 Since we wrote the first version of "Capitalism and Communism" in 1972, "anti-industrialism" has come to the fore. The anti-industrial critique points to an essential feature of capitalism, but mistakes the part for the whole. Industry is certainly at the centre of the present world and it is hard to imagine a non-industrial capitalism. The "post-industrial society" is a myth now as it was in 1970. Yet industry is not the centre of capitalism. We are not faced with a self-propelled freewheeling mega-machine, but with a value-driven productive system. The techno-bureaucratic-industrial monster has to abide by the constraints of labour productivity and capital profitability. Big business only wants larger factories and more machines if they bring in more value: otherwise, it leaves them to rot, moves elsewhere, speculates, or stays idle. Capitalist history is as much industrial wasteland (the U.S. rust belt, or the empty European factories zoned for reclamation) as formidable mega-machinery.
 The American Worker, 1947, chap. 2, www.prole.info.
 This passage has been left nearly as it was written in 1973. It might make strange reading after a few decades of growth and crisis, but is the world picture immensely different in 2013 from the one we painted forty years ago? As before, capitalism's Promethean progress is paralleled with an equally innovative catastrophic power. Life expectancy has gone up, yet nearly one billion people go hungry every day, and it's easier for the Indian poor to use a cell phone than have access to clean water.
However, we will not look for vindication in the "worst" aspects of this world (dire misery, over-exploitation of Asian or Latin American labour, etc.). Capitalism's supporters have their twofold answer ready: "These people's lot used to be worse, and soon it'll get better." (Curiously, this is what the defenders of Stalinist Russia used to say.) Therefore we will not focus on the most visible forms of poverty in "rich" countries, like what Michael Harrington wrote on The Other America in 1962. Our indictment will not deal with environmental issues either, however serious they are: there's enough ecological talk going round for everyone to see capitalism's waste propensity. We'd rather take a look at the supposedly "best" or "good" aspects of contemporary society.
 Brazil's last decades of growth seem to contradict this bleak picture, especially since ex-metal worker Lula was elected president in 2003, and promised to put an end to "social apartheid": thanks to agro-business and local manufacturing for multinationals, wealth would "trickle down" to the poor. More modestly, his successor at the head of the "world's seventh economy" has merely claimed to have done away with dire misery. So much for ending social apartheid. In 1844, the future Napoleon III published The Extinction of Pauperism. No emperor, no union leader turned statesman can get rid of the dispossession which lies at the root of—and is reproduced by—capitalism.
 The concept of "those who have no reserves" was formulated by Amadeo Bordiga in the years following World War II. Bordiga's purpose was not to create a new definition of the proletariat, but to go back to the general definition. Marx's Capital can only be understood when read with earlier analyses of the proletariat, for instance The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, the Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: Introduction, 1843, and the 1857–58 manuscripts, often referred to by their German title: The Grundrisse.
 A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: Introduction, 1843.
 Le Communisme—tentative de définition, part IV (1998): www.hicsalta-communisation.com. Also by Bruno Astarian, Crisis Activity and Communisation, 2011, libcom.org.
 Marx's letter to Vera Zasulich, first draft, April 1881. The whole draft deserves to be read.
 Since the 1970s, modern democratic advanced societies have become a lot more flexible in accepting alternativist social experiments. There are more and more examples of passive housing and ecobuilding. On the Vauban "sustainable model district" in Freiburg (Germany), see Green Gone Wrong: The Broken Promise of the Eco-Friendly Economy (London: Verso, 2010), chap. 3, by Heather Rogers (by no means an anti-ecologist). A thorough investigation.
 Engels, Conditions and Prospects of a War of the Holy Alliance against a Revolutionary France in 1852, 1851.
 Dauvé and Denis Authier, The Communist Left in Germany, 1918–21, available at libcom.org; on Spain 1936–39, Dauvé, When Insurrections Die, available at www.troploin.fr.
 Situationist International, "The Decline and Fall of the Spectacle Commodity Economy," Situationist International no. 10, 1966.
 Since 1973, the ex-Third World and the ex-"socialist bloc" have given birth to several "emerging countries." We do not equate industrialisation with communist potentials. However, a social system first reaches its breaking point where its fundamental contradictions (capital/labour, in the case of capitalism) are the sharpest and can have the most explosive impact. Though class struggle erupts everywhere, communist revolution is more likely to be initiated in the United States than in the Congo, and in China more in Shanghai than in Karakorum. After this, Congolese and Mongolian proletarians will contribute as much as those from the United States and from Chinese metropolises.
 Of course workers "as they are now" have managing capabilities, as proved by the continual creation of cooperatives. Myriads of co-ops have appeared in the last decades (Portugal after 1974, Towers Colliery in Wales, Argentina in 2001…) and many more spring up every year. We do not deny that they often help people get jobs, self-help, community services, and sometimes function on the principles of equal pay and decision-sharing. Still, they make up for the deficiencies of capital and State, and a million co-ops will never will be a threat to Big Business… except for a few successful co-ops lucky or unlucky enough to become Big Business themselves. Likewise, micro-credit is finance adapted to the poor (not the very poor).
 Especially in The King of Prussia and Social Reform, also in The Jewish Question, and in his analysis of Jacobinism as the paroxysm of the political over the social spirit. In the 1840s, Marx immersed himself extensively in the French Revolution, and many of his notes and comments can be now read as an implicit but direct critique of Bolshevik policy after 1917.
 Engels, "Progress of Social Reform on the Continent," The New Moral World, April 4, 1843. Decades later, he suggested "that Gemeinwesen ["commonalty" or collective being] be universally substituted for state; it is a good old German word that can very well do service for the French Commune" (letter to A. Bebel, March 18–28, 1875).
 For more on democracy, see our "A Contribution to the Critique of Political Autonomy," 2008, www.troploin.fr.


text:
Ventspils – Order Castle Windau
reconstruction of the castle from the 14th century according to T. Borowski
reconstruction of the castle from the 15th / 16th century
The conventual castle in Ventspils (Windau) in the rank of commandry, was erected by the Teutonic Knights in the late eighties of the thirteenth century. Its first commander, Detlev, appeared in documents in 1291. Along with the castle, the nearby settlement developed, becoming the only medieval sea port of Courland and the Hanseatic city. In the fifteenth century, during the visitation of the central authorities of the order, it was noted that there were only seven knight brothers in the castle, five less than the rule provided, according to which there should be at least twelve of them.
In the 16th century, due to its western location, the castle was not occupied by the army of Ivan the Terrible. After secularization of the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order, the city and the castle became a part of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, the vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The golden period began for the city, which became the main port of the duchy, the place of production of seagoing ships and an important commercial center. At that time at the castle tower it was usual to light a fire, serving as a lighthouse. Rich Ventspils became the subject of fights between Poland and Sweden, the most serious of which took place in the years 1658-1660. As a result, the castle was seriously damaged. Renovated at the end of the 17th century, from 1706 to 1835, it served the local residents for the church, and then there was a prison there. After Latvia regained its independence, renovation works began.
plan of the ground floor of the castle in the Middle Ages: 1-main gate, 2-main tower, 3-courtyard, 4-kitchen, 5-stables, 6-treasury, 7-domestic rooms
plan of the first floor of the castle in the Middle Ages: 1-courtyard surrounded by cloisters, 2-chapel, 3-chapter house, 4-probable location of the dormitory, 5-probable location of the refectory, 6-chamber of the commander, 7-additional rooms
The oldest part of the castle was probably a massive four-sided tower, placed in the south-eastern corner of the later stronghold. At the latest by mid-fourteenth century, a four-wing castle complex was built with a square courtyard surrounded by buildings. They housed the order rooms on the first floor: the chapel in the east wing, the chapter house in the north wing, and the dormitory and the refectory in the west wing. It is not known if the castle had an infirmary. The chamber of the commander was quite unconventionally in the main tower (similarly as in the Wenden castle). The communication between the rooms on the first floor was provided by a wooden cloister. The other floors served as defensive and economic functions. There were stables, a kitchen and perhaps a treasury on the ground floor.
The castle in Ventspils, though destroyed and rebuilt many times, is one of the better preserved strongholds in the area of Courland. Although it lost its original stylistic features, its basic architectural shape resembles a medieval conventual castle. An additional advantages are preserved frescoes from the fifteenth century and numerous internal architectural details in the form of a portal from the fourteenth century, or gothic niches in the thickness of the walls. A museum has been operating in the castle since 2002, in which archaeological finds, exhibitions of the history of the castle, interactive presentations and the restored chamber of the Teutonic commander are presented.
Windau castle, photo Wikimedia Commons


text:
Tom is not dwelling on back-to-back losses ahead of Chester clash
January 14, 2020 January 16, 2020 Hullrugbyunion
Tom O'Donnell insists back-to-back defeats to Stourbridge and Hinckley has left him and the rest of the players frustrated.
Hull RUFC had ended 2019 with five straight wins, and they will look to get back to winning ways at home to Chester this Saturday.
Despite the last two setbacks, O'Donnell insists their season has been a good season with hopefully plenty more successes to come.
"I've said before, there are no easy games in this league," O'Donnell said.
"One week you could comfortably beat the top of the table and the next you could have a close game against the bottom team.
"It is very frustrating having lost the last two games, nobody likes losing.
"I don't think we should dwell on it though.
"We haven't had a bad season so far, considering it's the first season for us in this league for a few years and the lads are dealing with the challenge well.
"We just need to keep our heads up and treat the losses as a learning curve.
"I think the players and coaching staff are giving themselves a hard time.
"We are only 18 games into the season and still have 12 games left to get some wins in and climb back up the table.
"We just need to keep turning up each week and putting in the hard graft in.
"The key to beating Chester this weekend is about staying confident and trusting the man next to you to do his job on the field.
"We are our own worst enemy sometimes, especially when it comes to discipline. "Mistakes will happen and when they do, we need to get together, stay positive and look to the next job."
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A chara, – Tens of thousands of people happily resident in the UK (and elsewhere) who, through sheer happenstance, have the good fortune to have at least one Irish grandparent already have, or are in the process of, applying for Irish nationality and passports. Many of them have never set foot in Ireland and many others have little real interest in Ireland. This is their right. This right is enshrined in Irish law and it must be respected.
At the same time we have hundreds, if not thousands, of children born in this country after January 1st, 2005, again by sheer chance, who actually live in Ireland, attend school here, and, with their families, are desirous to remaining here, making their life here and who want to contribute to Ireland. Yet, through the operation of the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act, 2004, the parents of these children first must prove that they have a genuine connection or link to Ireland before they are entitled to Irish citizenship. It may well be the case that many of these children and their parents may well be able to demonstrate the requisite connection. That is not, however, the point. In both situations, sheer chance and the vagaries of life are in play. Yet people who may never have set foot in this State seem to be prioritised over children actually born and living here.


text:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;

using Microsoft.Internal;
using Microsoft.Internal.Collections;

namespace System.ComponentModel.Composition
{
    internal class CompositionExceptionDebuggerProxy
    {
        private readonly CompositionException _exception;

        public CompositionExceptionDebuggerProxy(CompositionException exception)
        {
            Requires.NotNull(exception, nameof(exception));

            _exception = exception;
        }

        public ReadOnlyCollection<Exception> Exceptions
        {
            get
            {
                var errors = new List<Exception>();

                // In here return a collection of all of the exceptions in the Errors collection
                foreach (var error in _exception.Errors)
                {
                    if (error.Exception != null)
                    {
                        errors.Add(error.Exception);
                    }
                }
                return errors.ToReadOnlyCollection<Exception>();
            }
        }

        public string Message
        {
            get { return _exception.Message; }
        }

        public ReadOnlyCollection<Exception> RootCauses
        {
            get { return _exception.RootCauses; }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
#include "main.hpp"

#include <boost/format.hpp>

#include "common.hpp"
#include "jni.hpp"
#include "jvmti.hpp"

#include "GlobalAgentData.hpp"
#include "Object.hpp"
#include "Type.hpp"

using namespace std;
using namespace jeff;

JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Agent_OnLoad(JavaVM *jvm, char *options, void *reserved) {
    return init(jvm, options);
}

JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Agent_OnAttach(JavaVM *jvm, char *options, void *reserved) {
    std::cerr << "Not supported" << std::endl;
    return JNI_ERR;
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
Agent_OnUnload(JavaVM *jvm) {
    /* Make sure all allocated space is freed */
}

jint get_jvmti(JavaVM *jvm, jvmtiEnv **jvmti) {
    jint result = jvm->GetEnv((void **) jvmti, JVMTI_VERSION_1_2);
    if (result != JNI_OK) {
        /* This means that the VM was unable to obtain this version of the
         *   JVMTI interface, this is a fatal error.
         */
        std::cerr << boost::format("ERROR: Unable to access JVMTI Version 1.2 (0x%x),"
                                           " is your JDK a 6.0 or newer version?"
                                           " JNIEnv's GetEnv() returned %d\n") % JVMTI_VERSION_1_2 % result;
        return JNI_ERR;
    }
    return JNI_OK;
}

void parse_options(GlobalAgentData &data, char *options) {
    // TODO
//    gdata.enable_daemon_connection = true;
    gdata.enable_daemon_connection = false;
    gdata.daemon_host = "localhost";
    gdata.daemon_port = "9999";
}

jint init(JavaVM *jvm, char *options) {
    jvmtiEnv *jvmti;
    jint result = get_jvmti(jvm, &jvmti);
    if (result == JNI_ERR) {
        return JNI_ERR;
    }
    parse_options(gdata, options);

    /* Setup initial global agent data area */
    gdata.jvm = jvm;
    gdata.jvmti = jvmti;

    //print_possible_capabilities(*jvmti);

    /* Immediately after getting the jvmti* we need to ask for the
     *   capabilities this agent will need. In this case we need to make
     *   sure that we can get all class load hooks.
     */
    jvmtiCapabilities capabilities = {0};
    capabilities.can_get_owned_monitor_info = 1;
    capabilities.can_get_line_numbers = 1;
    capabilities.can_get_source_file_name = 1;
//    capabilities.can_get_source_debug_extension = 1;
    capabilities.can_tag_objects = 1;
    capabilities.can_access_local_variables = 1;
    /*
     * Enabling method entry or exit events will significantly degrade performance on many platforms
     * and is thus not advised for performance critical usage (such as profiling).
     * Bytecode instrumentation should be used in these cases.
     */
//    capabilities.can_generate_method_entry_events = 1;
//    capabilities.can_generate_method_exit_events = 1;
    capabilities.can_generate_exception_events = 1;
    capabilities.can_generate_resource_exhaustion_heap_events = 1;
    capabilities.can_generate_resource_exhaustion_threads_events = 1;

    jvmtiError error;

    error = jvmti->AddCapabilities(&capabilities);
    if (is_jvmti_error(*jvmti, error, "Unable to get necessary JVMTI capabilities")) return JNI_ERR;

    /* Next we need to provide the pointers to the callback functions to this jvmti */
    error = jvmti->SetEventNotificationMode(JVMTI_ENABLE, JVMTI_EVENT_VM_START, (jthread) NULL);
    if (is_jvmti_error(*jvmti, error, "Cannot set event notification: JVMTI_EVENT_VM_START")) return JNI_ERR;

    error = jvmti->SetEventNotificationMode(JVMTI_ENABLE, JVMTI_EVENT_VM_INIT, (jthread) NULL);
    if (is_jvmti_error(*jvmti, error, "Cannot set event notification: JVMTI_EVENT_VM_INIT")) return JNI_ERR;

    error = jvmti->SetEventNotificationMode(JVMTI_ENABLE, JVMTI_EVENT_VM_DEATH, (jthread) NULL);
    if (is_jvmti_error(*jvmti, error, "Cannot set event notification: JVMTI_EVENT_VM_DEATH")) return JNI_ERR;

    jvmtiEventCallbacks callbacks = jvmtiEventCallbacks();

    callbacks.VMStart = &VMStartCallback;    /* JVMTI_EVENT_VM_START */
    callbacks.VMInit = &VMInitCallback;      /* JVMTI_EVENT_VM_INIT */
    callbacks.VMDeath = &VMDeathCallback;    /* JVMTI_EVENT_VM_DEATH */

    callbacks.MethodEntry = &MethodEntryCallback; /* JVMTI_EVENT_METHOD_ENTRY */
    callbacks.MethodExit = &MethodExitCallback;   /* JVMTI_EVENT_METHOD_EXIT */

    callbacks.Exception = &ExceptionCallback;           /* JVMTI_EVENT_EXCEPTION */
    callbacks.ExceptionCatch = &ExceptionCatchCallback; /* JVMTI_EVENT_EXCEPTION_CATCH */

    callbacks.ThreadStart = &ThreadStartCallback; /* JVMTI_EVENT_THREAD_START */
    callbacks.ThreadEnd = &ThreadEndCallback;     /* JVMTI_EVENT_THREAD_END */

    callbacks.ResourceExhausted = &ResourceExhaustedCallback; /* JVMTI_EVENT_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED */

    error = jvmti->SetEventCallbacks(&callbacks, (jint) sizeof(callbacks));
    if (is_jvmti_error(*jvmti, error, "Cannot set jvmti callbacks")) return JNI_ERR;

    /* Here we create a raw monitor for our use in this agent to protect critical sections of code.
     */
    error = jvmti->CreateRawMonitor("agent data", &(gdata.lock));
    if (is_jvmti_error(*jvmti, error, "Cannot create raw monitor")) return JNI_ERR;

    std::cout << "The agent init phase successful\n";
    return JNI_OK;
}

jint live(jvmtiEnv &jvmti) {
    jvmtiError error;

    error = jvmti.SetEventNotificationMode(JVMTI_ENABLE, JVMTI_EVENT_EXCEPTION, (jthread) NULL);
    if (is_jvmti_error(jvmti, error, "Cannot set event notification: JVMTI_EVENT_EXCEPTION")) return error;

//    error = jvmti.SetEventNotificationMode(JVMTI_ENABLE, JVMTI_EVENT_EXCEPTION_CATCH, (jthread) NULL);
//    if (is_jvmti_error(jvmti, error, "Cannot set event notification: JVMTI_EVENT_EXCEPTION_CATCH")) return error;

//    error = jvmti.SetEventNotificationMode(JVMTI_ENABLE, JVMTI_EVENT_METHOD_ENTRY, (jthread) NULL);
//    if (is_jvmti_error(jvmti, error, "Cannot set event notification: JVMTI_EVENT_METHOD_ENTRY")) return error;

//    error = jvmti.SetEventNotificationMode(JVMTI_ENABLE, JVMTI_EVENT_METHOD_EXIT, (jthread) NULL);
//    if (is_jvmti_error(jvmti, error, "Cannot set event notification: JVMTI_EVENT_METHOD_EXIT")) return error;

//    error = jvmti.SetEventNotificationMode(JVMTI_ENABLE, JVMTI_EVENT_THREAD_START, (jthread) NULL);
//    if (is_jvmti_error(jvmti, error, "Cannot set event notification: JVMTI_EVENT_THREAD_START")) return error;

//    error = jvmti.SetEventNotificationMode(JVMTI_ENABLE, JVMTI_EVENT_THREAD_END, (jthread) NULL);
//    if (is_jvmti_error(jvmti, error, "Cannot set event notification: JVMTI_EVENT_THREAD_END")) return error;

//    error = jvmti.SetEventNotificationMode(JVMTI_ENABLE, JVMTI_EVENT_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED, (jthread) NULL);
//    if (is_jvmti_error(jvmti, error, "Cannot set event notification: JVMTI_EVENT_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED")) return JNI_ERR;

    std::cout << "The JEFF agent is live.\n";
    return JNI_OK;
}

/* Callback for JVMTI_EVENT_VM_START */
void JNICALL VMStartCallback(jvmtiEnv *jvmti, JNIEnv *env) {
    enter_critical_section(jvmti);
    {
        /* The VM has started. */
        gdata.vm_is_started = JNI_TRUE;

        if (gdata.enable_daemon_connection) {
            try {
                gdata.sender = Sender::create(gdata.daemon_host, gdata.daemon_port);
            } catch (std::exception &e) {
                std::cerr << "Exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
                THROW_JAVA_EXCEPTION(e.what(), AssertionError);
            }
        } else {
            gdata.sender = Sender::create();
        }
        gdata.sender->start();

        std::string message = "VM Started (JVMTI_EVENT_VM_START)";
        gdata.sender->send(message);
    }
    exit_critical_section(jvmti);
}

/* Callback for JVMTI_EVENT_VM_INIT */
void JNICALL VMInitCallback(jvmtiEnv *jvmti, JNIEnv *env, jthread thread) {
    enter_critical_section(jvmti);
    {
        /* The VM has started. */
        gdata.vm_is_initialized = JNI_TRUE;

        /* The VM is now initialized, at this time we make our requests for additional events. */
        jint err = live(*jvmti);
        ASSERT_MSG(err == JVMTI_ERROR_NONE, (boost::format("live() returned an error '%s'") % err).str().c_str());

        string threadName = get_thread_name(*jvmti, *env, thread);
        std::string message = (boost::format("VMInit thread '%s' (JVMTI_EVENT_VM_INIT)\n") % threadName).str();
        gdata.sender->send(message);
    }
    exit_critical_section(jvmti);
}

/* Callback for JVMTI_EVENT_VM_DEATH */
void JNICALL VMDeathCallback(jvmtiEnv *jvmti, JNIEnv *env) {
    enter_critical_section(jvmti);
    {
        /* The VM has died. */

        /* The critical section here is important to hold back the VM death
         *    until all other callbacks have completed.
         */

        /* Since this critical section could be holding up other threads
         *   in other event callbacks, we need to indicate that the VM is
         *   dead so that the other callbacks can short circuit their work.
         *   We don't expect any further events after VmDeath but we do need
         *   to be careful that existing threads might be in our own agent
         *   callback code.
         */
        gdata.vm_is_dead = JNI_TRUE;

        std::string message = "VM Died (JVMTI_EVENT_VM_DEATH)\n";
        if (gdata.sender != nullptr) {
            gdata.sender->send(message);
            gdata.sender->flush();
            gdata.sender->stop();
        } else {
            std::cout << message;
        }
    }
    exit_critical_section(jvmti);
}

void JNICALL MethodEntryCallback(jvmtiEnv *jvmti,
                                 JNIEnv *jni,
                                 jthread thread,
                                 jmethodID method) {
    string methodName = get_method_name(*jvmti, method);
    std::cout << boost::format("Enter Method: %s\n") % methodName;
}

void JNICALL MethodExitCallback(jvmtiEnv *jvmti,
                                JNIEnv *jni,
                                jthread thread,
                                jmethodID method,
                                jboolean was_popped_by_exception,
                                jvalue return_value) {
    string methodName = get_method_name(*jvmti, method);
    string wasException = was_popped_by_exception == JNI_TRUE ? " (popped_by_exception)" : "";
    std::cout << boost::format("Exit Method : %s %s\n") % methodName % wasException;
}

void JNICALL ExceptionCallback(jvmtiEnv *jvmti,
                               JNIEnv *jni,
                               jthread thread,
                               jmethodID method,
                               jlocation location,
                               jobject exception,
                               jmethodID catch_method,
                               jlocation catch_location) {

    string methodName = get_method_name(*jvmti, method);

    unique_ptr<Object> object = Object::from(*jvmti, *jni, exception);
    string exceptionSignature = object->getType().getSignature();

    std::function<string(jobject)> string_transformer = [jni](jobject result) mutable {
        return (result == nullptr) ? "" : jeff::to_string(*jni, static_cast<jstring>(result));
    };
    string message = call_method(*jni, exception, "getMessage", "()Ljava/lang/String;", string_transformer);

    string line = get_location(*jvmti, method, location);

    auto join_lines = [](string a, string b) { return "\t" + a + "\n\t" + b; };
    string stack_trace = join(get_stack_trace(*jvmti, *jni, thread), join_lines);

    std::string the_message =
            (boost::format("Uncought exception: %s, message: '%s'\n\tin method: %s [%s]\nStack trace:%s\n\n")
             % exceptionSignature % message % methodName % line % stack_trace).str();

    gdata.sender->send(the_message);
}

void JNICALL ExceptionCatchCallback(jvmtiEnv *jvmti,
                                    JNIEnv *jni,
                                    jthread thread,
                                    jmethodID method,
                                    jlocation location,
                                    jobject exception) {

    string methodName = get_method_name(*jvmti, method);

    unique_ptr<Object> object = Object::from(*jvmti, *jni, exception);
    string exceptionSignature = object->getType().getSignature();

    std::function<string(jobject)> string_transformer = [jni](jobject result) mutable {
        return (result == nullptr) ? "" : jeff::to_string(*jni, static_cast<jstring>(result));
    };
    string message = call_method(*jni, exception, "getMessage", "()Ljava/lang/String;", string_transformer);
    string line = get_location(*jvmti, method, location);

    std::string the_message =
            (boost::format("Cought exception: %s, message: '%s'\n\tin method: %s [%s]\n")
             % exceptionSignature % message % methodName % line).str();

    gdata.sender->send(the_message);
}

void JNICALL ThreadStartCallback(jvmtiEnv *jvmti,
                                 JNIEnv *env,
                                 jthread thread) {
    enter_critical_section(jvmti);
    {
        /* It's possible we get here right after VmDeath event, be careful */
        if (!gdata.vm_is_dead) {
            string threadName = get_thread_name(*jvmti, *env, thread);
            std::cout << boost::format("ThreadStart: %s\n") % threadName;
        }
    }
    exit_critical_section(jvmti);
}

void JNICALL ThreadEndCallback(jvmtiEnv *jvmti,
                               JNIEnv *jni,
                               jthread thread) {
    enter_critical_section(jvmti);
    {
        /* It's possible we get here right after VmDeath event, be careful */
        if (!gdata.vm_is_dead) {
            string threadName = get_thread_name(*jvmti, *jni, thread);
            std::cout << boost::format("ThreadEnd: %s\n") % threadName;
        }
    }
    exit_critical_section(jvmti);
}

void JNICALL ResourceExhaustedCallback(jvmtiEnv *jvmti,
                                       JNIEnv *jni,
                                       jint flags,
                                       const void *reserved,
                                       const char *description) {
    enter_critical_section(jvmti);
    {
        /* It's possible we get here right after VmDeath event, be careful */
        if (!gdata.vm_is_dead) {
            std::string message;
            switch (flags) {
                case JVMTI_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_OOM_ERROR: {
                    message = (boost::format("VM died: Out Of Memory Error, %s\n") % description).str();
                    break;
                }
                case JVMTI_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_JAVA_HEAP: {
                    message = (boost::format("VM died: Exhausted Java Heap, %s\n") % description).str();
                    break;
                }
                case JVMTI_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_THREADS: {
                    message = (boost::format("VM died: Exhausted threads, %s\n") % description).str();
                    break;
                }
                default: {
                    message = (boost::format("VM died: Unknown, %s\n") % description).str();
                    break;
                }
            }
            gdata.sender->send(message);
        }
    }
    exit_critical_section(jvmti);
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Generic JVMTI utility functions */

/* Enter a critical section by doing a JVMTI Raw Monitor Enter */
void enter_critical_section(jvmtiEnv *jvmti) {
    jvmtiError error = jvmti->RawMonitorEnter(gdata.lock);
    check_jvmti_error(*jvmti, error, "Cannot enter with raw monitor");
}

/* Exit a critical section by doing a JVMTI Raw Monitor Exit */
void exit_critical_section(jvmtiEnv *jvmti) {
    jvmtiError error = jvmti->RawMonitorExit(gdata.lock);
    check_jvmti_error(*jvmti, error, "Cannot exit with raw monitor");
}


Minnesota Mussels At Mac: Why Research Mussels?
When you look at a river, the first thing you think of is probably not the small invertebrates living within it. But there is a lot more going on under the surface than you might expect.
Freshwater mussels are just one component of a diverse and complex ecosystem. Together, these parts allow us to enjoy the many benefits of a healthy river, from canoeing and fishing to taking in a great view. In ecology, perks that people get from an ecosystem are called ecosystem services, and you might be surprised by the variety of ways mussels are in your life.
Historically, mussels have been an important material used in making buttons thanks to the pearly insides of their shells. While buttons today aren't made of mussel shells, mussels are still used in the pearl industry. Shells of freshwater mussels are also important beyond their use as pearl-making machines, and are even important culturally. Their many colors, shapes, and sizes are key to their ornamental role. Who can resist picking up shells from the side of a riverbank!
And of course, mussels directly influence the river systems they live in! Their filter feeding improves water clarity, signaling when a water system may be contaminated. This makes them a great indicator species for environmental conditions as well as enhancing the beauty and cleanliness of our rivers.They physically modify the habitat by burrowing down into the substrate and taking up that space, which can also move sediment around. Mussels also can anchor nutrients by excreting organic matter in the form of waste into the substrate, preventing everything being swept away downstream.
A site on the Snake River where we collected mussels this week.
Clearly, there is more to mussels than the average Minnesotan might assume. And because upwards of 70% of our native mussel species are threatened or endangered, it's important to understand where mussels live and what they do. Keep reading our blog as we investigate these questions and continue Mission: Mussel.


text:
Q: can i make my scraping (pandas read html) script faster? i have a very simple script, it just scrapes some tables off the internet and inserts it into a db. however: tickerlist contains about 8000 rows. and the script takes about 2 hours to complete (80ms per ticker). is there anyway to speed it up?
this is my code:
import pandas as pd
import weslib as wl
from datetime import datetime
wl.joblog('AQstats', '', '','Starting AQ scrape stats')
con = wl.condb()

tickerlist = wl.tickerlist(['NASDAQ','NYSE'])
#tickerlist = ['AAPL', 'MSFT', 'T','INTC']

scrapedate = datetime.now()

for n, stock in enumerate(tickerlist):
    wl.joblog('AQstats', stock, '','Starting: ' + str(n+1) + '/' + str(len(tickerlist)) + ' ' + str(stock))
    try:
        url = 'https://www.alphaquery.com/stock/' + str(stock) + '/all-data-variables/'
        df = pd.read_html(url)[0]
        df['numvalue'] = wl.convertnumbers(df[1])
        df['scrapedate'] = scrapedate
        df['symbol'] = stock
        df.columns=['Label','orgvalue', 'numvalue','scrapedate','symbol']
        df.reset_index(inplace=True)
    except (Exception) as error:
        wl.joblog('AQstats', stock, '','error: scraping \n' + str(error) )
        continue

    try:
        wl.insert_values(con,df,'AQstats',stock,'AQstats')
    except (Exception) as error:
        wl.joblog('AQstats', stock, '','error: scraping \n' + str(error) )
        continue

con.close()
wl.joblog('AQstats', '', '','Ending AQ scrape stats')

and these are the two relevant functions from my own lib.
import psycopg2 as db
import psycopg2.extras as extras
def insert_values(conn, df, table, ticker, call):
    """ Using psycopg2.extras.execute_values() to insert the dataframe """
    df.replace('None',0,inplace=True)
    # Create a list of tupples from the dataframe values
    tuples = [tuple(x) for x in df.to_numpy()]
    # Comma-separated dataframe columns
    cols = ','.join(list(df.columns))
    # SQL quert to execute
    query  = "INSERT INTO %s(%s) VALUES %%s on conflict do nothing" % (table, cols)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    try:
        extras.execute_values(cursor, query, tuples)
        conn.commit()
    except (Exception, db.DatabaseError) as error:
        joblog(call, ticker, table, "db error: %s" % error)
        print("DB Error: %s" % error)
        conn.rollback()
        cursor.close()
        return 1
        joblog(call, ticker, table,"insert values done for: %s %s", call, ticker)
    cursor.close()

def joblog(job, ticker, table, note):
    print('JOBLOG', job, ticker, table, note)
    conn = condb()
    query = "insert into log (logdate, logtable, logjob, logticker, note) values ( current_timestamp, %s, %s, %s, %s ) on conflict do nothing"
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    try:
        cursor.execute(query, (table, job, ticker, note))
    except (Exception, db.DatabaseError) as error:
        print(query)
        dblog(job, ticker, 'log' ,"DB Error: %s" % error)
        conn.rollback()
        cursor.close()
        return 1
    conn.commit()
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Laura Hendrix Ezell
Winner of the 2015
Moon City Short Fiction Award
In her debut collection of stories, Laura Hendrix Ezell assembles a harmonious chorus of resilient female voices—many speaking from the margins of their own lives, all contemplating their complicated relationships with the men who influence their trajectories. Set against rural backdrops whose emptiness and isolation hint at constrictive forces rather than wide open spaces, Ezell's stories capture their characters not only at their most vulnerable and desperate, but also at essential moments of self-discovery, of purposeful recognition of the extenuating circumstances that have shaped their respective fates.
Throughout A Record of Our Debts, Ezell weaves together diverse, distinctive tales with remarkably fluid yet muscular prose that belies the desolate imagery contained within. These are striking, memorable odes to overcoming, though not always in ways that leave the characters whole. These are people who somehow manage to find themselves in the aftermath of loss, who uncover their own modest strengths while surrounded by so much weakness. This is a long, winding road of adolescents forced into prostitution by their own fathers, healers still haunted by the men they could not save, and widows who convert abandoned churches into makeshift diners in the hopes of luring back their husbands' spirits. In short, this is a powerful exploration of the human spirit at both its best and its worst.
Ezell's figures extend well off the page, lingering in one's memory long after the final line. For that, readers owe Ezell a debt of gratitude.


Gas burner with Pipe fitting for cooking. Comes with the optional manifold for easy installation.
- The burner has on/off switch for safety.
- The length of the fitting pipe attached to the burner is 10" and 12".


While I find myself nervous and somewhat apprehensive, even more than that I am incredibly excited! I have been living and teaching English in Japan for about 11 years now. In that time, I have met people from all walks of life. I have taught English to students of all ages and in various environments. I have grown and improved both as a teacher and as a person.
I look forward to embarking on this new path I find myself on and I welcome all the challenges it will bring. I welcome anyone and everyone to visit this daily blog in order to assist you in your English study! As well, I welcome the chance to learn and grow together, whether that growth may be in language study or any other area of our lives.
I hope you continue to read this English blog everyday!


Jack Lee Fong Insurance Agency, Inc. provides insurance to Consulting Firms in San Francisco, Oakland, Daly City, South San Francisco, Burlingame, Redwood City, and surrounding areas.
Your business is an investment of the utmost importance. You need to protect what matters most to you. From core coverage to coverage that is specific to your business' needs, Jack Lee Fong Insurance Agency, Inc. provides industry-specific insurance options aimed at consulting firms.
Contact a representative at Jack Lee Fong Insurance Agency, Inc. to build an insurance package that suits your business.


AAMC: Association of American Medical Colleges : Tomorrow's Doctors. Tomorrow's Cures.
code blog: tales of a nurse: How do you suppose being coded feels?
Medical Graphics Software – Download SmartDraw FREE – Easily create medical diagrams, charts and presentations!
American Hospital Directory – information about hospitals from public and private data sources including MedPAR, OPPS, hospital cost reports, and other CMS files.


text:
Comic Cons 2019
Be a part of something
October 24, 2011Written by admin
Ever wanted your name in a book under special thanks, or a unique cover limited to 20, maybe an original piece of art from the book. Well you have that chance now.
Alex de Campi and Jimmy Broxton are raising funds for their graphic novel. You can pledge different amounts and receive certain incentives for doing this. Pledges range from $1 all the way to to $10,000.
Alex de Campi has written creator-owned graphic novels for IDW, Tokyopop, and Humanoïdes (in France), plus stories for Dark Horse and an issue of Batman that DC has yet to publish. Her music videos for acts as diverse as Amanda Palmer, Black Francis, Los Campesinos!, Art Brut and the Puppini Sisters have been shown everywhere from SXSW to onedotzero.
Jimmy Broxton is an artist who has drawn or inked on countless well known titles, including (but not limited to) Knight and Squire, Batman, Catwoman, Lucifer, Spider-man, The Unwritten, Daredevil, and Detective Comics.
Here are a few select ones
PLEDGE $30 OR MORE
Limited Reward of 500
Beautiful hardback limited edition of ASHES, out of a one-time-only numbered print run of 1,000. This may be the ONLY time the book is ever printed, and it is ONLY available to Kickstarter participants. Once it's gone, it's gone! If there is a trade edition it will ship at least 6 months after this one. Plus you receive the serialised digital edition too! (And a hug.) We ship these books free, to anywhere.
PLEDGE $120 OR MORE
Limited Reward of 50
A signed and dedicated colour galley proof from the book. Each proof is a unique page; there are no doubles. Plus the limited hardback edition, signed and dedicated to the reader by both Alex and Jimmy, and the digital, serialised version and the hug.
Estimated Delivery: Dec 2012
Share with others...
Simon "Biz" Bisley
Melksham Comic-Con
Comic Conventions on Twitter
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ukcomiccons @Showmasters Hi, we're working on an update to our site, including an update to the events calendar. If you have th… https://t.co/qpPfICXS5O
Fly Comics
Down the Tubes
I cosplay
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text:
Freedom Centers Science and Public Policy The Crumbling Climate-Change Consensus ...
The Crumbling Climate-Change Consensus
Extremists' rhetoric heats up as their case falls apart.
By John Fund • National Review
The United Nations Climate Summit will begin in New York this Tuesday, but environmental activists didn't wait. All day Sunday, they filled the streets of Manhattan for a march that featured Al Gore, New York City mayor Bill de Blasio, and various Hollywood actors.
But they certainly didn't act like a movement that was winning. There was a tone of fatalism in the comments of many with whom I spoke; they despair that the kind of radical change they advocate probably won't result from the normal democratic process. It's no surprise then that the rhetoric of climate-change activists has become increasingly hysterical. Naomi Klein, author of a new book on the "crisis," This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate, said, "I have seen the future, and it looks like New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina." In her new book she demands that North America and Europe pay reparations to poorer countries to compensate for the climate change they cause. She calls her plan a "Marshall Plan for the Earth" and acknowledges that it would cost "hundreds of billions if not trillions of dollars." But she has an easy solution on how to pay for it: "Need more money? Print some!" What's a little hyperinflation compared to "saving the planet"?
Nor is Klein alone in her hysteria. Actor Leonardo DiCaprio is releasing a new film in which he warns that the world is threatened by a "carbon monster" that is treated like a kind of Godzilla that must be killed off by ending the use of carbon-based fuels.
One reason the rhetoric has become so overheated is that the climate-change activists increasingly lack a scientific basis for their most exaggerated claims. As physicist Gordon Fulks of the Cascade Policy Institute puts it: "CO2 is said to be responsible for global warming that is not occurring, for accelerated sea-level rise that is not occurring, for net glacial and sea-ice melt that is not occurring . . . and for increasing extreme weather that is not occurring." He points out that there has been no net new global-warming increase since 1997 even though the human contribution to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen by 25 percent since then. This throws into doubt all the climate models that have been predicting massive climate dislocation.
Other scientists caution that climate models must be regarded with great care and skepticism. Steven Koonin, the undersecretary for science in the Energy Department during President Obama's first term, wrote a pathbreaking piece in Saturday's Wall Street Journal in which he concluded:
We often hear that there is a "scientific consensus" about climate change. But as far as the computer models go, there isn't a useful consensus at the level of detail relevant to assessing human influence. . . . The models roughly describe the shrinking extent of Arctic sea ice observed over the past two decades, but they fail to describe the comparable growth of Antarctic sea ice, which is now at a record high. . . . Any serious discussion of the changing climate must begin by acknowledging not only the scientific certainties, but also the uncertainties, especially in projecting the future. Recognizing those limits, rather than ignoring them, will lead to a more sober and ultimately more productive discussion of climate change and climate policies. To do otherwise is a great disservice to climate science itself.
Even scientists who accept the conventional scientific treatment of the subject by the U.N. International Panel on Climate Change increasingly question just how much it would help to curb emissions or to radically redistribute wealth, as activists like Klein urge us to do. Bjørn Lomborg, director of the Copenhagen Consensus Center, told me that all of the carbon-reduction targets advocated by the U.N. or the European Union would result in imperceptible differences in temperature, at enormous cost. "We would be far better off and richer if we did simple things like painting roofs in hot climates white and investing in new technologies that could help us adapt to any change that is coming," he says. Even the U.N.'s own climate panel admits that so far, climate change hasn't included any increase in the frequency or intensity of so-called extreme weather.
At the Heartland Institute's Ninth International Conference on Climate Change last July, I ran into scientist after scientist who felt that the debate was finally going against the climate extremists. Several noted that the conference's organizers were on the offense and gaining real ground. Roy Spencer, a former senior scientist for climate studies at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, described the shift in opinion on his blog:
For many years we had been hearing from the "scientific consensus" side that natural climate change is nowhere near as strong as human-caused warming . . . yet the lack of surface warming in 17 years has forced those same scientists to now invoke natural climate change to supposedly cancel out the expected human-caused warming!
C'mon guys. You can't have it both ways! They fail to see that a climate system capable of cancelling out warming with natural cooling is also capable of causing natural warming in the first place. . . . To me, it feels like a climate skepticism tipping point has been reached.
Maybe that's why the climate-change extremists are basing fewer of their appeals on fact and more on hysteria. You scream the loudest when the opposition is about to tip over on you and pin you down.
Posted in Science and Public Policy |
Tags: Anti-Science, Climate Change, environmental alarmists, Global Warming, Government Corruption, Junk Science, Liberal Hypocrisy


Enjoy a meal or a barista-made coffee and cake on the deck overlooking the lake.
Whether you are seeking a lunchtime retreat from the office during a busy working week or simply getting out of the house for a weekend breakfast, there are very few places that offer the relaxing atmosphere of The Savour the Flavour Cafe at Gladstone Botanic Gardens.
With comfortable seating you can enjoy a break while the kids enjoy the ducks and turtles that surround the lake daily.
Plenty of carparks are available within the Gardens precinct and the Cafe is easily accessible via the low-rise stairs or wheelchair ramp. Separate Gents, Ladies and Disabled toilet facilities are conveniently located on-site.


Are you in charge of your Cloud?
Result: You don't get what you have paid for!
Like most users do you under or over provision your cloud servers?
Does your cloud apps suffer due to slow performance?
Do you pay too much for cloud services?
Did you know that there can be 30%+ performance difference for same type of cloud servers?
It could take weeks to benchmark each cloud server configuration to make the best choice for your applications! Once you deploy application, they may under perform due to poor hardware, scheduling errors, and noisy neighbors. Other monitoring solutions don't find reasons for hot spots, or give you solutions.
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Copyright © 2014-2017 Meghafind Inc.


text:
Week of Jan. 20 Basic Cable Ratings: Fox News Has Most-Watched Week Since Oct. 2018
NEXT:Monday, Jan. 27 Scoreboard: The Five, Hannity Each Delivered 4.4 Million Total Viewers
PREVIOUS:News Corp Launches Knewz, a Curated News Aggregation Service Meant to Compete With Google News
By A.J. Katz on Jan. 29, 2020 - 10:26 AM
Fox News topped the basic cable landscape in total viewers this past week, averaging the largest audience in the 6 a.m.-6 a.m. daypart and in the prime time daypart.
Not only did Fox average more viewers last week than any other cable network, but it delivered its largest average weekly audience since the week of Oct. 2018, with 1.9 million and earned 339,000 in the 25-54 demo in total day.
In prime time, FNC garnered 3.4 million viewers, its most-watched week in that daypart since October 2018, and 545,000 in the 25-54 demo.
Hannity ranked No. 1 on cable news in the key measurements – Total Viewers and Adults 25-54 – while Fox News @ Night with Shannon Bream won the 11 p.m. hour in those same categories, earning her 9th consecutive win in the demo and the program scored its 2nd highest-rated week in Total Viewers ever.
Airings of Hannity, Tucker Carlson Tonight, The Ingraham Angle, The Five, Cauvto Live, Justice with Judge Jeanine, and Watters' World made up 22 of the top 25 cable telecasts in total viewers.
In fact, Watters' World and The Greg Gutfeld Show each had their strongest Saturdays ever.
Co-anchored by Special Report's Bret Baier, The Story's Martha MacCallum (Tuesday-Friday) and Cavuto on Saturday, FNC has averaged 2.38 million total TV viewers and 418,000 in the A25-54 demo from the opening day of the Senate impeachment trial (Tuesday, Jan. 21) – the 5th day of the trial (Saturday. Jan. 25).
CNN averaged 1.23 million total TV viewers and 314,000 A25-54 viewers from Tuesday–Saturday, while MSNBC averaged 1,713,000 and 265,000 demo viewers.
Speaking of MSNBC and CNN – They were among the 5-most-watched basic cable networks in prime time, and finished No. 2 and No. 3, respectively, in Total Day, thanks to each network's wall-to-wall coverage of the impeachment.
When looking at cable news performance on a year-over-year basis, MSNBC, the 2nd-most-watched basic cable network of the week in prime time and in total day, was +3% in total day viewers, but -3% in total prime time viewers, -4% in the prime time demo and -3% in the total day demo.
CNN, while very high up on the basic cable food chain, was down in a number of audience categories vs. the comparable week last year: -15% in total prime time viewers, -2% in total day viewers, -17% in the prime time demo, and -6% in the total day demo.
Lastly, Fox News was +41% in total prime time viewers, +34% in total day viewers, +32% in the prime time demo and +32% in the total day demo vs. the same week in 2019.
Cable News Ratings (A25-54)
• FNC – Prime Time (545,000) and Total Day (339,000)
• MSNBC – Prime Time (352,000) and Total Day (207,000)
• CNN – Prime Time (318,000) and Total Day (233,000)
Basic Cable Top 5 – Prime Time (Total Viewers)
1. Fox News (3,412,000)
2. MSNBC (2,000,000)
3. TLC (1,176,000)
4. HGTV (1,173,000)
5. CNN (1,166,000)
Basic Cable Top 5 – Total Day (Total Viewers)
3. CNN (868,000)
4. HGTV (719,000)
5. Investigation Discovery (644,000)
Basic Cable Ranker: Week of Jan. 20 (Total Viewers)


This post was originally published on this siteLaughing gas is a common option to help patients relax before and during brief medical procedures. Both holistic and conventional authorities widely consider it a safe approach to sedation, particularly for children and laboring women. What is Laughing Gas? The scientific name for laughing gas is nitrous oxide. … Read moreLaughing Gas for Sedation. Yes or No?


EXPECTED COMPLETION JUNE 2015.Stunning Lock & Leave community of Vistas at Lakeway.Master and studydown. Must see! 12' Ceilings. Enjoy the relaxing low/no maintenance living w/all ground&landscaping&domesticwater provided by the HOA.Wood flooring in all common areas. Game room w/wet bar, granite counters in allbathrooms & kitchen, double oven.


text:
Q: Marketing Cloud API CORS problem I would highly appreciate if anyone could help me in handling CORS policy for Salesforce Marketing Cloud API requests…
The situation is following: I need to make direct API calls to Marketing Cloud REST endpoints from a web browser, and I don't want to use any backend server as a proxy for those requests. Obviously, this is currently  not possible because of the CORS policy.
So my question is - what can I do to receive the needed 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header from Marketing Cloud servers? Is there any kind of Whitelist in Marketing Cloud where I can just add my domain so that I can receive this header (I've found some in Setup -> Security -> Domain Whitelist but it seems to be something different)?
I was looking for a solution for a while but I didn't manage to find anything helpful (including this forum).

A: Not sure if it fits your case or violates performance/security constraints (I'm no developer) but one approach that comes to mind is the following:

*

*Create a Marketing Cloud cloud page.

*Push your request data to the
cloud page

*Read and transform the POST data on the cloud page

*Use SSJS API functions to interact with the Marketing Cloud REST API.

Considerations:

*

*Standard API integration is certainly preferable > last resort approach

*Every cloud page call costs you a super message > potentially expensive

*A cloud page is public > security issues

If the developers here think this is stupid or not possible in general, please advise so. I will gladly delete the answer then. ;)


text:
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             <tt>{{tx.signer | fmtPubToAddress:networkId | fmtAddress}}</tt>

                 <tt>{{parent.otherTrans.signer | fmtPubToAddress:networkId | fmtAddress}}</tt>

                {{tx.mosaics.length}}

                            {{((tx.amount+tx.fee) | fmtNemValue)[0]}}.{{((tx.amount+tx.fee) | fmtNemValue)[1]}}

                            {{((tx.amount) | fmtNemValue)[0]}}.{{((tx.amount) | fmtNemValue)[1]}}

                         XEM

                            {{((tx.amount+tx.fee+parent.fee) | fmtNemValue)[0]}}.{{((tx.amount+tx.fee+parent.fee) | fmtNemValue)[1]}}

                            {{((tx.amount) | fmtNemValue)[0]}}.{{((tx.amount) | fmtNemValue)[1]}}

                         XEM

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            {{ 'LINE_TX_DETAILS_MESS_ENC' | translate }}

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            {{tx.timeStamp | fmtNemDate}}

                    {{ 'TRANSFER_TRANSACTION_NAME' | translate }}
                    {{ 'TRANSFER_TRANSACTION_MULTISIG_NAME' | translate }}

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                        {{ 'LINE_TX_DETAILS_FROM_MULTISIG' | translate }}

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                <button class="btn btn-default" style="color: white; border-radius: 0px; border-color:#444;" type="button" ng-click="decode(tx)">{{ 'LINE_TX_DETAILS_DEC_MESS' | translate }}</button>


Welcome to the Early Childhood Center, home of the Extra Caring Cubs!
Located in the Near West Chicago suburb of Elmwood Park, Ill., the ECC educates preschool and kindergarten students as part of Elmwood Park Community Unit School District 401.
We are the District's only school devoted to pre-K and K education.
In preschool (ages 3 or 4), children play with other children and learn to listen to the teacher. Children usually attend a few hours a day for five days per week.
If children are 5 years old on or before Sept. 1, they can go to kindergarten. Children do not have to go to kindergarten, but most do. They attend class Monday through Friday. Most classes are half a day, and one is full day.


A 51-year-old passenger was stabbed to death in front of his teenage son. Police believe the passenger and his attacker both boarded the train around 1 pm at London Road station in Guildford.
"It would have been a horrific and hugely traumatic event for the teenager to have witnessed," said Transport Police Paul Langley.
Police believe the suspect they are searching for exited the train at Clandon station. They don't believe the victim and suspect knew each other.
Detectives described the suspect as being a black man in his 20's – 30's, slim built with a beard, about six feet tall and dressed in all black.
No motive is yet known, attacks of this type are usually Islamic terror-related.
After U.K. banned private gun ownership, knife attacks have seen a steady rise. To combat these attacks, the Government has instituted knife restrictions, knife buybacks and drop off boxes.


text:
Pradosia argentea är en tvåhjärtbladig växtart som först beskrevs av Carl Sigismund Kunth, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Terence Dale Pennington. Pradosia argentea ingår i släktet Pradosia och familjen Sapotaceae. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som utdöd. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Ljungordningen
argentea

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Llangeitho è un villaggio con status di community del Galles centro-occidentale, facente parte della contea del Ceredigion (contea tradizionale: Cardiganshire) e situato lungo il corso del fiume Aeron. L'intera community conta una popolazione di circa 700 abitanti.

Il villaggio è storicamente ricordato per i suoi legami con il cosiddetto metodismo gallese.

Geografia fisica
Llangeitho si trova a sud-est del villaggio di Bethania, tra i villaggi di Bwlch-llan e Tregaron (rispettivamente ad est del primo e ad ovest del secondo).

Origini del nome
Il toponimo Llangeitho significa letteralmente "chiesa (llan) di San Ceitho".

Storia
Nella seconda metà del XVIII secolo, a Llangeitho operava il metodista Daniel Rowland (1713-1790): originario di Nantcwnlle, nelle sue prediche, tenute nella cappella del paese, parlava di peccati, morte e inferno.

Monumenti e luoghi d'interesse
Principale edificio di Llangeitho è la chiesa dedicata a San Ceitho: di origine medievale o post-medievale, fu ricostruita nel 1760, nel 1764 e  nel 1814 o 1821.

Nei pressi della chiesa, si trova la cosiddetta "sorgente di San Ceitho", da cui, secondo la credenza popolare, sgorgherebbe acqua calda in inverno e acqua fredda d'estate.

Società

Evoluzione demografica
Nel 2018, la popolazione stimata della community di Llangeitho era pari a 727 abitanti, di cui 372 erano donne e 355 erano uomini.

La popolazione al di sotto dei 18 anni era stimata 97 unità (di cui 49 erano i bambini al di sotto dei 10 anni), mentre la popolazione dai 60 anni in su era stimata in 312 unità (di cui 55 erano le persone dagli 80 anni in su).

La community ha conosciuto un decremento demografico rispetto al 2011, quando la popolazione censita era pari a 819 unità e al 2001, quando la popolazione censita era pari a 874 unità.

Note

Altri progetti

Comunità del Ceredigion