text:
BILL NO A05891B
SAME AS SAME AS S02800-B
SPONSOR Joyner
COSPNSR Simon, Dickens, Carroll, Aubry, Barron, O'Donnell, Dinowitz, Forrest, Jackson, Hevesi, Mitaynes, Gonzalez-Rojas
Amd §§305.2 & 724, Fam Ct Act; amd §§140.20, 140.27 & 140.40, CP L
Amends procedures required for the custodial interrogation of children to provide additional protections and for taking juveniles and sixteen and seventeen year olds into custody.
A05891 Memo:
MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF LEGISLATION
submitted in accordance with Assembly Rule III, Sec 1(f)
BILL NUMBER: A5891B
SPONSOR: Joyner
An act to amend the family court act and the criminal procedure law, in
relation to the custodial interrogation of juveniles by law enforcement
This bill makes a number of changes to the Family Court Act to clarify
and protect the rights of children in the custody of law enforcement and
makes corresponding changes to the Criminal Procedure Law to address
children arrested as juvenile offenders and consult with an attorney
before they can be subjected to custodial interrogation by law enforce-
ment, thereby ensuring any waiver of rights under Miranda is genuinely
knowing, voluntary, and intelligent. The bill also requires that a child
arrested without a warrant be brought directly to court, as opposed to
the police station, if a parent or legally responsible adult is not
expected to appear for them and they are not being questioned, unless
otherwise required under the Criminal Procedure Law.
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:
Section One amends FCA § 305.2(3) to make clear that law enforcement's
obligation to "immediately" notify a parent or person legally responsi-
ble (PLR) that their child has been taken into custody requires that
this notification take place before that child can be taken from the
location at which he or she was taken into custody to the police station
or any other location.  Section Two amends FCA § 305.2(4)(a) to state
that when law enforcement has notified an arrested child's pare t or PLR
and reasonably believes that the parent or PLR will appear for the
child, law enforcement shall take that child to his home, the station
house, or another agreed upon location to release him to his parent or
PLR.
Section Three amends FCA § 305.2(4)(b) to state that when law enforce-
ment does not reasonably believe that an arrested child's parent or PLR
will appear for the child, law enforcement shall take that child to
family court or, if family court is not in session, to the designated
magistrate for the child's initial appearance under FCA § 307.4.
Section Four amends FCA § 305.2(4)(c) to conform with other amended
subsections and clarify that an arrested child shall only be taken to
detention if the officer did not release the child or bring the child to
family court or the designated magistrate.
Section Five amends FCA § 305.2(5) to require that when a child has
allegedly committed a designated felony act and the family court is not
session that law enforcement to take such youth to the most accessible
magistrate to conduct a hearing under FCA section 307.4
Section Six amends FCA § 305.2(6) for conformity only, by deleting the
phrase "In all other cases."
Section Seven amends and renumbers FCA § 305.2(7) to FCA § 305.2(8) and
adds a new FCA § 305.2(7) which clarifies that if an officer determines
that questioning of a child necessary prior to taking certain actions
the officer may take the child to a facility designated as suitable for
questioning by the chief administrator of the courts. Section Seven also
amends FCA § 305.2(8) to state that no child shall be questioned under
this section unless and until "the child has consulted with an attorney
in person, by telephone, or by video conference," and establishes that
this consultation may not be waived. Also, section seven establishes
that a child's statement shall be suppressed when the child has not
consulted with an attorney; when a parent or person legally responsible,
if present, has not been advised of and voluntarily waived Miranda; or
when the questioning of the child was not necessary.
Section 8 amends FCA § 724(a) to make clear that law enforcement's obli-
gation with respect to a child taken into custody as a person in need of
supervision to "immediately" notify a parent or person legally responsi-
ble that their child has been taken into custody requires that this
notification takes place before that child can be taken from the
or any other location. Section 8 also mends FCA § 724(b) by removing
language relating to when law enforcement deems questioning of the child
necessary, renumbers FCA § 724(d) to FCA § 724(e), and inserts a new FCA
§ 724(d), which clarifies that if an officer determines that questioning
in necessary prior to taking certain actions the officer may take the
child to a facility designated as suitable for questioning by the chief
administrator of the courts. FCA § 724(e) now provides that in addition
to the child's age and the presence or absence of his parents or other
person legally responsible for his care, parental notification shall be
a factor considered in determining the suitability and reasonable period
of time for questioning the child.
Section 8 also creates FCA § 724(f), which provides that statements made
to law enforcement prior to the commencement of a fact-finding hearing
may not be admitted into evidence at a fact-finding hearing.
Section 9 amends CPL § 140.20(6) to create separate paragraphs and in
paragraph (a) makes clear that law enforcement's obligation with respect
to a child taken into, custody as a juvenile offender or as a person
sixteen (or as of October 1, 2019, seventeen) to "immediately" notify a
parent or person legally responsible that their child has been taken
into custody requires that this notification takes place before that
child can be taken from the location at which he/she was taken into
custody to the police station or any other location.
Section 9 also, in proposed CPL § 140.20(6)(c), adds the provision that
no child shall be questioned under this section unless and until "the
child has consulted with an attorney in person, by telephone, or by
video conference," and establishes that this consultation may not be
waived.
Section 9 also creates CPL § 140.20(6)(e) to establish that a child's
statement shall be suppressed when the child has not consulted with an
attorney; when a parent or person legally responsible, if present, has
not been advised of and voluntarily waived Miranda; or when the ques-
tioning of the child was not necessary.
Section 10 amends CPL § 140.27(5) to create separate paragraphs and in
to a child taken into custody as a juvenile offender or as a person
child can be taken from the location at which he or she was taken into
Section 10 also, in proposed CPL § 140.27(5)(c) adds the provision that
child-has consulted with an attorney in person, by telephone, or by
Section 10 also creates CPL.§ 140.27(5)(e) to establish that a child's
attorney; when a parent or person legally responsible, if-present, has
video conference," and establishes that this consultation may'not be
Section 11 also creates CPL § 140.40(5)(e) to establish that a child's
EXISTING LAW:
Existing law in New York State does not ensure that children under 18
years old - with all of their inherent developmental limitations - are
adequately and appropriately able to protect their right to remain
silent pursuant to the 5th Amendment of the United States Constitution.
The Family Court Act and the Criminal Procedure Law already require law
enforcement to "immediately" notify the parent or person legally respon-
sible of a child's arrest. The term "immediate," however, is undefined
under current law, and in practice, law enforcement regularly brings
arrested children to the police station house before notifying parents
or persons legally responsible The statutes also state that law enforce-
ment may only interrogate children when "necessary," but do not define
that crucial term. This ambiguity not only places vulnerable youth at
risk of being unreasonably interrogated, but it also forces law enforce-
ment to contend with uncertainty about what they are permitted to do
under the law, and leaves the courts with little guidance when called
upon to interpret this requirement. Also under current law, when the
police take a youth into custody and wish to interrogate that youth, the
police must advise the child of his/her right to remain silent and,
whenever possible, notify a parent or responsible adult to assist the
youth in deciding whether to waive this right. Family Court, Act §
305.2; Criminal Procedure Law § 140.20(6). This process does not prevent
youth from waiving their Miranda rights nor does it ensure that waiver
is knowing, voluntary and intelligent, as required by the Constitution.
The bill makes three crucial changes to § 305.2 of the Family Court Act
and to §§ 140.20(6), 140.27(5) and 140.40(5) of the Criminal Procedure
Law. First, it clarifies that law enforcement cannot take a child to the
station house until they have notified a parent or person legally
responsible. Second, it requires that juveniles consult with counsel
before they can waive their rights under Miranda. The bill also makes
the first two changes to Family Court Act § 724.
Family Court Act §§ 305.2 and 724 and Criminal Procedure Law §§
140.20(6), 140.27(5) and 140.40(5) already require that law enforcement
immediately notify an arrested child's parent or legally responsible
adult that the child has been taken into custody; this proposal clari-
fies that immediate notification must take place before the officer
takes the child to another location. In an era in which all officers are
equipped with mobile phones, they are able to make contact with parents
without first taking children to the station house. In most cases, this
will also mean the officer will be able to make a more immediate deter-
mination whether to bring the child to the station house, to the family
court, or to another location permitted by statute.
Under this proposal, unless questioning is necessary, after notifying a
parent, the officer may transport a child to his home, to another greed
upon location, or to the station house for purposes of releasing the
child to the parent with a desk appearance ticket under Family Court Act
§ 305.2 or after securing a written promise from the parent to bring the
child to the designated lead agency at specified time and place under
Family Court Act § 724. When the officer does not have reason to believe
that the parent will appear for the child, unless questioning is neces-
sary, the officer may bring the child straightaway to family court,
before a designated magistrate, to the designated lead agency, or to
another location specified in § 305.2(4) or § 724. Under the proposed
Criminal Procedure Law provisions, unless questioning is necessary,
after notifying the parent, the officer may release the youth with a
desk appearance ticket or bring the youth to the appropriate court or
otherwise proceed according to the provisions of the CPL.
This bill would also establish that under Family Court Act § 3052 and
Criminal Procedure Law §§ 140.20(6), 140.27(5) and 140.40(5), a child
suspect can only be questioned after consulting with an attorney by
phone, video, or in person. That consultation would be non-waivable, and
the taking of a statement without consultation with counsel, necessity,
or waiver of Miranda rights by a parent if present, would result in
suppression of the statement. Under Family Court Act § 724, a statement
would not be admissible into evidence at a fact finding hearing, since
the petitioner is usually a parent and thus the child can never have the
advice and assistance of a parent who does not have a conflict of inter-
est. This treatment is comparable to those statements given to the
designated lead agency before fact finding.  The decision to waive one's
constitutional right to be silent has enormous consequences, which is
why the law requires. that the decision be "knowing, voluntary, and
intelligent." See Miranda v.  Arizona 384 U.S. 436 (1966). Because chil-
dren are fundamentally different from adults, different safeguards are
required in order for a child to make a knowing, voluntary and intelli-
gent decision about a Miranda waiver.
The importance of additional Miranda protections for adolescents is
well-grounded in science. It is firmly established that brain develop-
ment continues into adulthood, and in recent years, the scientific
community has come to a resounding consensus that the prefrontal cortex
of the brain which largely governs decision-making and judgment general-
ly does not mature until well after the teenage years.* In fact, the
research demonstrates that the brain undergoes a "rewiring" process that
is not complete until approximately 25 years of age.** As a result,
youth are not yet able to consider the long-term consequences of their
actions or to resist environmental pressures as well as adults. The
ability to consider the consequences of one's actions and vulnerability
to environmental pressure are precisely the kinds of issues at play in a
custodial interrogation setting.*** Adolescents especially struggle to
process information and make sound decisions in stressful situations,
such as during interrogation.**** Additionally, research shows that
adolescents - especially those in the justice system, who have high
rates of intellectual disability - often do not have the cognitive
skills necessary to understand the words or concepts in the Miranda
The consensus that adolescents' decision-making capabilities are not
fully developed and that, for this reason, young people require unique
legal protections has been recognized and embraced by the United States
Supreme Court. Children are, in the Court's words, "generally less
mature and responsible than adults;" "they often lack the experience,
perspective, and judgment to recognize and avoid choices that could be
detrimental to them"; and "they are more vulnerable or susceptible to_
outside pressures than adults."  J.D.B.V. North Carolina, 131 S.Ct.
2394, 2397 (2011) (internal quotations omitted). In addition, the
Supreme Court has recognized that children "have limited understandings
of the criminal justice system and the roles of the institutional actors
within it" Graham v.  Florida, 560 U.S. 48, 78 (2010). Addressing the
specific context of police interrogation, the Supreme Court has observed
that events that "would leave a man cold and unimpressed can overawe and
overwhelm a lad in his early teens." Haley v. Ohio, 332 U.S. 596,
599(1948).  Finally, it has noted that "no matter how sophisticated, a
juvenile subject of police interrogation cannot be compared to an adult
subject" J.D.B., 131 S.Ct. at 2403 (internal quotations omitted).
In fact, leading professional organizations with expertise about chil-
dren agree that attorney consultation is needed during interrogation
because of children's developmental limitations. The American Psycholog-
ical Association, for example, "recommends that particularly vulnerable
suspect populations, including youth, persons with developmental disa-
bilities, and persons with mental illness, be provided special and
professional protection during interrogations such as being accompanied
and advised by an attorney or professional advocate."***** The American
Academy on Child and Adolescent Psychiatry similarly believes that youth
should have an attorney present during questioning by police and that
"when interviewing juvenile suspects, police should use terms and
concepts appropriate to the individual's developmental level. Any writ-
ten material should also be geared to the person's grade level and
cognitive capacity. In general, it is not sufficient to simply read or
recite information to a juvenile."****** Unfortunately, the presence of
a parent or responsible adult does not adequately ensure that a child
makes a knowing, voluntary and intelligent decision with respect to his
or her Miranda rights.
Parents often have conflicting interests and often misunderstand the
proceedings. Because parents may teach their children to respect and
cooperate with law enforcement, they may find it difficult to advise a
child in custody not to cooperate. Similarly, parents teach their chil-
dren to tell the truth; but often a refusal to speak - even when the
child believes himself to be "innocent"- is in the youth's legal inter-
ests. Parents often find it hard to believe that their child could
possibly do whatever the child is accused of and therefore urge the
child to speak, not realizing that doing so may well undermine the
child's legal interests. Furthermore, when children are arrested, it
often occurs in the context of intra-familial disputes, discord, or
violence. Resulting conflicts of interest force parents to choose
between, on the one hand, giving the child in custody the best advice
and, on the other, looking out for the best interests of the other fami-
ly member involved, which is often the parent him/herself. All of these
issues are compounded when, as is often the case, the parent has been
summoned to the police station in the middle of the night, is feeling
humiliated, resentful, or even angry with the child, and is unable to
muster the kind of dispassionate and reflective thought process neces-
sary to best advise the child. Finally, often the parent or responsible
adult him/herself doesn't understand the meaning and nature of the
rights the youth is being asked to waive.
Social science research confirms that the existing parental notification
process to protect the rights of youth is inadequate.  Research has
found that when parents are present during interrogation, they almost
always either do not help their children make a decision or actually
encourage their children to waive their rights.******* Having a child
rely exclusively on the advice of an adult who may have conflicting
interests and who likely does not him/herself understand the meaning and
nature of the right at stake and the potential consequences of waiving
that right undermines the purpose of Family Court Act § 305 2 and Crimi-
nal Procedure Law §§ 140.20(6), 140.27(5) and 140.40(5).
Legal counsel would offer expert, objective advice to young people about
their Constitutional right to remain silent and their ability to waive
this right and speak to the police. Only with the benefit of such a
conflict-free consultation can children make any waiver 'of this bedrock
right knowingly,' voluntarily, and intelligently, in keeping with
requirements of the state and federal Constitutions. For this reason,
youth under 18 years of age facing custodial interrogation must be
required to consult with legal counsel to assist in their understanding
of their rights and the consequences of waiving those rights prior to
waiving their rights under Miranda.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:
Although the provision of counsel for consultation at interrogation will
inevitably impose a cost to the state and local jurisdictions, this bill
will also provide an important cost-saving benefit. Under current law,
juvenile defense attorneys and criminal defense attorney often spend
significant amounts of time litigating the legality of their clients'
interrogation by law enforcement in what are known as Huntley hearings.
These hearings can require several lengthy court appearances, consuming
significant resources of defense attorneys, prosecutors, law enforcement
witnesses, and judges. If this bill becomes law, it will eliminate the
need for a Huntley hearing in the vast majority of cases, significantly
reducing the strain on the many agencies and individuals involved.
This act shall take effect April 1, 2022.
* Linda B. Chamberlain, The Amazing Teen Brain: What Every Child Advo-
cate Needs to Know, 28 A.B.A.  CHILD. L. PRAC. No. 2 at 17-18 (April
2009). ** M. Arain et al., Maturation of the Adolescent Brain, 9 NEUROP-
SY-CHIATR.DIS.TREAT.449-461(2013),availableat
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC3621648/, citing L.  Gavin
et al., Sexual and Reproductive Health of persons aged 10-24 years
United States, 2002-2007, 58(6) MMWR SURVEILL. SUMM. 1-58 (2009). ***
See Goldstein et al., Waving Good-bye to Waiver: A Developmental Argu-
ment Against Youths' Waiver of Miranda Rights, Legislation and Public
Policy, vol. 21 (2018); Elizabeth Cauffman & Laurence Steinberg, Emerg-
ing Findings from Research on Adolescent Development and Juvenile
Justice, 7 Victims and Offenders 428, 433 (2012); LaurencSteinberg,
Adolescent Development and Juvenile Justice, 5 Ann. Re .Clinical
Psychol. 459, 65-71 (2009); Laurence Steinberg, The Science of Adoles-
cent Brain Development and Its Implication for Adolescent Rights and
Responsibilities, in Human Rights and Adolescence 59, 64 (Jacqueline
Bhabha. ed., 2014); Dustin Albert & Laurence Steinberg, Judgment and
Decision-Making in Adolescence, 21 J. Res. Adolescence 211(2011); Linda
Van Leijenhorst et al., Adolescent Risky Decision-Making: Neurocognitive
Development of Reward and Control Regions, 51 Neuroimage 345; 353-54
(2010). Sarah-Jayne Blakemore & Trevor W. Robbins, Decision-Making in
the Adoleicent Brain, 15 Nature Neuroscience 1184, 1186 (2012). **** See
Goldstein et al., supra. ***** Resolution on Interrogations of Criminal
Suspects, Am. Psychol.Ass'n (2014), http://www.apa.org/about/policy/
interrogations.aspx. ****** Interviewing and Interrogating Juvenile
Suspects,Am.Acad.  Child&AdolescentPsychiatry(Mar.7, 2013),
https://www.aacap.org/ aacapipolicy_statements/2013/Intervievving_and_
Interrogating_JuvenileSuspects. aspx. ******* Jodi L. Viljoen et al.,
Legal Decisions of Preadolescent and Adolescent Defendants:  Predictors
of Confessions, Pleas, Communication with. Attorneys, and Appeals, 29
Law & Hum. Behay. 253, 261 (2005). Jennifer L Woolard et al., Examining
Adolescents' and their Parents' Conceptual & Practical Knowledge of
Police Interrogation: A Family Dyad Approach, 37 J.  Youth & Adolescence
685, 690-94 (2008).
A05891 Text:
5891--B
IN ASSEMBLY
Introduced  by  M. of A. JOYNER, SIMON, DICKENS, CARROLL, AUBRY, BARRON,
O'DONNELL, DINOWITZ, FORREST -- read once and referred to the  Commit-
tee  on  Children  and Families -- committee discharged, bill amended,
ordered reprinted as amended and  recommitted  to  said  committee  --
reported   and  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Codes  --  committee
discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted
to said committee
AN ACT to amend the family court act and the criminal procedure law,  in
relation  to  the custodial interrogation of juveniles by law enforce-
1    Section  1. Subdivision 3 of section 305.2 of the family court act, as
2  added by chapter 920 of the laws of 1982, is amended to read as follows:
3    3. If an officer takes such child into custody or if a child is deliv-
4  ered to him or her under section 305.1, he  or  she  shall  immediately,
5  before  transporting  the  child to the police station house, notify the
6  parent or other person legally responsible for the child's care,  or  if
7  such  legally responsible person is unavailable the person with whom the
8  child resides, that the child has been taken into custody.
9    § 2. Paragraph (a) of subdivision 4 of section  305.2  of  the  family
10  court  act,  as  added by chapter 920 of the laws of 1982, is amended to
11  read as follows:
12    (a) when the officer reasonably believes such parent or  other  person
13  legally  responsible for the child's care will appear, take the child to
14  his or her home, the station house, or another location agreed upon with
15  the parent or person legally responsible, and release the child  to  the
16  custody  of  [his  parents  or  other person legally responsible for his
17  care] such person upon the issuance in accordance with section 307.1  of
18  a  family  court  appearance ticket to the child and the person to whose
19  custody the child is released; or
A. 5891--B                          2
1    § 3. Paragraph (b) of subdivision 4 of section  305.2  of  the  family
2  court  act,  as  amended  by section 63 of part WWW of chapter 59 of the
3  laws of 2017, is amended to read as follows:
4    (b)  when  the officer does not reasonably believe the parent or other
5  person legally responsible for the child's  care  will  appear  for  the
6  child,  forthwith and with all reasonable speed take the child directly,
7  and without his or her first being taken to the police station house, to
8  the family court located in the county in which the act occasioning  the
9  taking  into  custody allegedly was committed, or, when the family court
10  is not in session, to the most accessible magistrate, if any, designated
11  by the appellate division of the supreme court in the applicable depart-
12  ment to conduct a hearing under section 307.4 [of this part, unless  the
13  officer  determines that it is necessary to question the child, in which
14  case he or she may take the child to a facility designated by the  chief
15  administrator  of  the courts as a suitable place for the questioning of
16  children or, upon the consent  of  a  parent  or  other  person  legally
17  responsible  for  the  care  of  the child, to the child's residence and
18  there question him or her for a reasonable period of time]; or
19    § 4. Paragraph (c) of subdivision 4 of section  305.2  of  the  family
20  court  act,  as amended by section 3 of part G of chapter 58 of the laws
21  of 2010, is amended to read as follows:
22    (c) when the officer does not release the child pursuant to  paragraph
23  (a)  of  this  subdivision,  or  take  the child to family court or to a
24  magistrate pursuant to paragraph (b) of this subdivision, take the child
25  to a place certified by the office of children and family services as  a
26  juvenile detention facility for the reception of children; or
27    §  5.  Subdivision  5  of  section  305.2  of the family court act, as
28  amended by chapter 398 of the laws  of  1983,  is  amended  to  read  as
29  follows:
30    5.  If  such  child has allegedly committed a designated felony act as
31  defined in subdivision eight of section 301.2, and the family  court  in
32  the  county  is  in  session, the officer shall forthwith take the child
33  directly to such family court or,  when  the  family  court  is  not  in
34  session,  to  the  most accessible magistrate, if any, designated by the
35  appellate division of the supreme court in the applicable department  to
36  conduct  a  hearing  under  section 307.4[, unless the officer takes the
37  child to a facility for questioning in accordance with paragraph (b)  of
38  subdivision four. If such child has not allegedly committed a designated
39  felony act and such family court is in session, the officer shall either
40  forthwith take the child directly to such family court, unless the offi-
41  cer  takes  the  child  to a facility for questioning in accordance with
42  paragraph (b) of subdivision four or release  the  child  in  accordance
43  with paragraph (a) of subdivision four].
44    §  6. Subdivision 6 of section 305.2 of the family court act, as added
45  by chapter 920 of the laws of 1982, is amended to read as follows:
46    6. [In all other cases] If such child has not  allegedly  committed  a
47  designated  felony act, and in the absence of special circumstances, the
48  officer shall release the child in  accordance  with  paragraph  (a)  of
49  subdivision four.
50    §  7.  Subdivisions  7 and 8 of section 305.2 of the family court act,
51  subdivision 7 as amended by chapter 398 of the laws of 1983 and subdivi-
52  sion 8 as amended by chapter 299 of the laws of 2020, are amended and  a
53  new subdivision 10 is added to read as follows:
54    7.   If the officer determines that questioning of the child is neces-
55  sary prior to taking action authorized by subdivision four or five,  the
56  officer  may take the child to a facility designated by the chief admin-
1  istrator of the courts as a suitable place for the questioning of  chil-
2  dren  or, upon the consent of a parent or other person legally responsi-
3  ble for the care of the child,  to  the  child's  residence  and  there,
4  subject  to  the  requirements of subdivision eight, question him or her
5  for a reasonable period of time.
6    8. A child shall not be questioned pursuant  to  this  section  unless
7  [he] or until:
8    (a)  the child and a person required to be notified pursuant to subdi-
9  vision three if present, have been advised:
10    [(a)] (i) of the child's right to remain silent;
11    [(b)] (ii) that the statements made by the child  may  be  used  in  a
12  court of law;
13    [(c)]  (iii)  of the child's right to have an attorney present at such
14  questioning; and
15    [(d)] (iv) of the child's right to have an attorney provided  for  him
16  or her without charge if he or she is indigent; and
17    (b)  the  child  has  consulted with legal counsel in person, by tele-
18  phone, or by video conference. This consultation may not be waived.
19    [8.] 9. In determining the suitability of questioning and  determining
20  the  reasonable period of time for questioning such a child, the child's
21  age, the presence or absence of his or  her  parents  or  other  persons
22  legally responsible for his or her care, notification pursuant to subdi-
23  vision  three  and,  where the child has been interrogated at a facility
24  designated by the chief administrator of the courts as a suitable  place
25  for  the  questioning  of  juveniles,  whether  the interrogation was in
26  compliance with  the  video-recording  and  disclosure  requirements  of
27  subdivision  five-a  of  this  section  shall be included among relevant
28  considerations.
29    10. In addition to statements that must be suppressed as involuntarily
30  made within the definition in subdivision two of section 344.2, a state-
31  ment shall be suppressed: when the child has not  consulted  with  legal
32  counsel  as  required  by  paragraph (b) of subdivision eight; or when a
33  person notified pursuant to subdivision three, if present, has not  been
34  advised of and voluntarily waived the rights delineated in paragraph (a)
35  of subdivision eight.
36    §  8.  Section  724  of  the family court act, the section heading and
37  subdivisions (b) and (c) as amended by chapter 843 of the laws of  1980,
38  subdivision  (a)  as  amended  by chapter 920 of the laws of 1982, para-
39  graphs (i) and (ii) as amended and paragraph (iv) of subdivision (b)  as
40  added  by  section  4 of part E of chapter 57 of the laws of 2005, para-
41  graph (iii) of subdivision (b) as amended by section  7  of  part  M  of
42  chapter  56 of the laws of 2017, and subdivision (d) as added by chapter
43  809 of the laws of 1963, is amended to read as follows:
44    § 724. Duties of police officer or peace  officer  after  taking  into
45  custody  or  on  delivery by private person. (a) If a peace officer or a
46  police officer takes into custody or if a person is delivered to him  or
47  her  under  section  seven hundred twenty-three, the officer shall imme-
48  diately, before transporting the child to any other location, notify the
49  parent or other person legally responsible for his or her care,  or  the
50  person  with  whom he or she is domiciled, that he or she has been taken
51  into custody.
52    (b) After making every reasonable effort to give notice  under  [para-
53  graph] subdivision (a) of this section, the officer shall
54    (i)  when  the officer reasonably believes such parent or other person
55  legally responsible for the child's care will appear, take the child  to
56  his  or  her  home, the police station house, or another location agreed
1  upon with the parent or person  legally  responsible,  and  release  the
2  youth to the custody of [his or her parent or other] such person [legal-
3  ly  responsible  for  his or her care] upon the written promise, without
4  security,  of  the person to whose custody the youth is released that he
5  or she will produce the youth before the lead agency designated pursuant
6  to section seven hundred thirty-five of this article in that county at a
7  time and place specified in writing; or
8    (ii) when the officer does not reasonably believe such parent or other
10  child,  forthwith and with all reasonable speed take the youth directly,
11  and without first being taken to the police station house, to the desig-
12  nated lead agency located in the county in which the act occasioning the
13  taking into custody allegedly was done[, unless the  officer  determines
14  that  it is necessary to question the youth, in which case he or she may
15  take the youth to a facility designated by the  chief  administrator  of
16  the courts as a suitable place for the questioning of youth or, upon the
17  consent  of a parent or other person legally responsible for the care of
18  the youth, to the youth's residence and there question him or her for  a
19  reasonable period of time]; or
20    (iii)  take a youth in need of crisis intervention or respite services
21  to a runaway  and  homeless  youth  crisis  services  program  or  other
22  approved respite or crisis program; or
23    (iv) take the youth directly to the family court located in the county
24  in which the act occasioning the taking into custody was allegedly done,
25  provided that the officer affirms on the record that he or she attempted
26  to  exercise the options identified in paragraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) of
27  this subdivision, was unable to exercise these options, and the  reasons
28  therefor.
29    (c) In the absence of special circumstances, the officer shall release
30  the  child in accord with paragraph [(b)] (i) of subdivision (b) of this
31  section.
32    (d) If the officer determines that questioning of the child is  neces-
33  sary  prior  to  taking  action  authorized  by  subdivision (b) of this
34  section, the officer may take the child to a facility designated by  the
35  chief  administrator of the courts as a suitable place for the question-
36  ing of children or, upon the consent of a parent or other person legally
37  responsible for the care of the child,  to  the  child's  residence  and
38  there,  subject  to the requirements of subdivision (e) of this section,
39  question him or her for a reasonable period of time.
40    (e) In determining the suitability of questioning and determining what
41  is a "reasonable period of time" for questioning a  child,  the  child's
42  age [and], the presence or absence of his or her parents or other person
43  legally  responsible  for  his  or her care and notification pursuant to
44  subdivision (a) of this section shall be  included  among  the  relevant
46    (f)  No statement made to a peace officer or a police officer prior to
47  the commencement of a fact-finding hearing may be admitted into evidence
48  at a fact-finding hearing.
49    § 9. Subdivision 6 of section 140.20 of the criminal procedure law, as
50  amended by section 20 of part WWW of chapter 59 of the laws of 2017,  is
51  amended to read as follows:
52    6.  (a)  Upon  arresting  a  juvenile  offender or a person sixteen or
53  [commencing October first, two thousand nineteen,]  seventeen  years  of
54  age  without  a  warrant,  the  police officer shall immediately, before
55  transporting the child to the police station house, notify the parent or
56  other person legally responsible for his or her care or the person  with
1  whom  he  or  she  is domiciled, that such juvenile offender or [person]
2  sixteen or seventeen year old has been arrested, and the location of the
3  facility where he or she [is being] will be detained.
4    (b) If the officer determines that it is necessary to question a juve-
5  nile  offender or [such person] sixteen or seventeen year old, the offi-
6  cer must take him or her to a facility designated by the chief  adminis-
7  trator of the courts as a suitable place for the questioning of children
8  or, upon the consent of a parent or other person legally responsible for
9  the care of the juvenile or [such person] sixteen or seventeen year old,
10  to  his or her residence and there, subject to the requirements of para-
11  graph (c) of this subdivision, question him  or  her  for  a  reasonable
12  period of time.
13    (c) A juvenile offender or [such person] sixteen or seventeen year old
14  shall not be questioned pursuant to this section unless or until:
15    (i)  he  or she and a person required to be notified pursuant to para-
16  graph (a) of this subdivision, if present, have been advised:
17    [(a)] (A) of the juvenile offender's or  [such  person's]  sixteen  or
18  seventeen year old's right to remain silent;
19    [(b)]  (B)  that  the  statements  made by him or her may be used in a
21    [(c)] (C) of his or her right to have  an  attorney  present  at  such
23    [(d)]  (D) of his or her right to have an attorney provided for him or
24  her without charge if he or she is unable to afford counsel[.];
25    (ii) the juvenile offender  or  sixteen  or  seventeen  year  old  has
26  consulted  with an attorney in person, by telephone, or by video confer-
27  ence. This consultation may not be waived.
28    (d) In determining the suitability of questioning and determining  the
29  reasonable  period  of  time for questioning such a juvenile offender or
30  [person] sixteen or seventeen year old, his or her age, the presence  or
31  absence  of  his or her parents or other persons legally responsible for
32  his or her care and notification  pursuant  to  paragraph  (a)  of  this
33  subdivision shall be included among relevant considerations.
34    (e) In addition to statements that must be suppressed as involuntarily
35  made  within  the definition in subdivision two of section 60.45 of this
36  chapter, a statement  shall  be  suppressed:  when  the  child  has  not
37  consulted with an attorney as required by paragraph (c) of this subdivi-
38  sion; or when a person notified pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subdi-
39  vision,  if  present, has not been advised of and voluntarily waived the
40  rights delineated in paragraph (c) of this subdivision.
41    § 10. Subdivision 5 of section 140.27 of the criminal  procedure  law,
42  as  amended by section 23 of part WWW of chapter 59 of the laws of 2017,
43  is amended to read as follows:
44    5. (a) Upon arresting a juvenile  offender  or  a  person  sixteen  or
45  [commencing  October  first,  two thousand nineteen,] seventeen years of
46  age without a warrant,  the  peace  officer  shall  immediately,  before
48  other  person legally responsible for his or her care or the person with
49  whom he or she is domiciled, that such  juvenile  offender  or  [person]
50  sixteen or seventeen year old has been arrested, and the location of the
51  facility where he or she [is being] will be detained.
52    (b) If the officer determines that it is necessary to question a juve-
53  nile  offender or [such person] sixteen or seventeen year old, the offi-
54  cer must take him or her to a facility designated by the chief  adminis-
55  trator of the courts as a suitable place for the questioning of children
56  or, upon the consent of a parent or other person legally responsible for
1  the  care  of  a juvenile offender or [such person] sixteen or seventeen
2  year old, to his or her residence and there, subject to the requirements
3  of paragraph (c) of this subdivision, question him or her for a  reason-
4  able period of time.
5    (c) A juvenile offender or [such person] sixteen or seventeen year old
6  shall not be questioned pursuant to this section unless or until:
7    (i)  the  juvenile offender or [such person] sixteen or seventeen year
8  old and a person required to be notified pursuant to  paragraph  (a)  of
9  this subdivision, if present, have been advised:
10    [(a)] (A) of his or her right to remain silent;
11    [(b)]  (B)  that the statements made by the juvenile offender or [such
12  person] sixteen or seventeen year old may be used in a court of law;
16  her without charge if he or she is unable to afford counsel[.]; and
18  consulted  with  an attorney in person, by telephone or by video confer-
22  [such person] sixteen or seventeen year old his or her age, the presence
23  or absence of his or her parents or other  persons  legally  responsible
24  for  his  or her care and notification pursuant to paragraph (a) of this
27  made within the definition in subdivision two of section 60.45  of  this
28  chapter,  a  statement  shall  be  suppressed:  when  the  child has not
31  vision, if present, has not been advised of and voluntarily  waived  the
33    §  11.  Subdivision 5 of section 140.40 of the criminal procedure law,
34  as amended by section 24 of part WWW of chapter 59 of the laws of  2017,
36    5.  (a)  If  a police officer takes an arrested juvenile offender or a
37  person sixteen or [commencing October  first,  two  thousand  nineteen,]
38  seventeen years of age into custody, the police officer shall immediate-
39  ly, before transporting the child to the police station house notify the
40  parent  or  other  person legally responsible for his or her care or the
41  person with whom he or she is domiciled, that such juvenile offender  or
42  [person]  sixteen  or  seventeen  year  old  has  been arrested, and the
43  location of the facility where he or she [is being] will be detained.
45  nile offender or [such person] sixteen or seventeen year old the officer
46  must take him or her to a facility designated by the chief administrator
47  of the courts as a suitable place for the questioning  of  children  or,
48  upon the consent of a parent or other person legally responsible for the
49  care of the juvenile offender or [such person] sixteen or seventeen year
50  old,  to  his or her residence and there, subject to the requirements of
51  paragraph (c) of this subdivision, question him or her for a  reasonable
1    [(a)] (A) of his or her right to remain silent;
2    [(b)]  (B)  that the statements made by the juvenile offender or [such
3  person] sixteen or seventeen year old may be used in a court of law;
4    [(c)] (C) of his or her right to have  an  attorney  present  at  such
5  questioning; and
6    [(d)]  (D) of his or her right to have an attorney provided for him or
7  her without charge if he or she is unable to afford counsel[.]; and
8    (ii) the juvenile offender  or  sixteen  or  seventeen  year  old  has
9  consulted  with an attorney in person, by telephone, or by video confer-
13  [such person] sixteen or seventeen year old, his or her age,  the  pres-
14  ence or absence of his or her parents or other persons legally responsi-
15  ble  for  his  or her care and notification pursuant to paragraph (a) of
16  this subdivision shall be included among relevant considerations.
24    §  12.  This  act  shall take effect April 1, 2022; provided, however,
25  that if chapter 299 of the laws of 2020 shall not have taken  effect  on
26  or  before  such  date  then  the amendments to subdivision 8 of section
27  305.2 of the family court act made by section seven of  this  act  shall
28  take  effect  on the same date and in the same manner as such chapter of
29  the laws of 2020 takes effect.


A contract dispute put the insurer and the state at odds.
Did the state of Minnesota work secretly and illegally behind the scenes to cut a large health insurer out of state contracts?
That's the essence of the charge being leveled by Minnetonka-based Medica, which sued the Minnesota Department of Health and DHS Commissioner Emily Johnson Piper for violating the state's own procurement laws. The lawsuit was filed Monday in Ramsey County District Court.
In 2015, Medica won the competitive DHS bidding process to provide managed-care services in 2016 for Minnesotans enrolled in the Prepaid Medical Assistance Program and MinnesotaCare, programs that cover more than 300,000 state residents.
Under the contract, Medica argues that it had the right to negotiate "actuarially sound" rates for 2017 and future years. It has been previously reported that the insurer has taken big losses on coverage for PMAP and MinnesotaCare enrollees.
Medica charges that DHS "refused" to negotiate new rates beyond increases allowed under the state's formula and that the state agency then began "clandestinely" soliciting offers from competing insurers. The Medica lawsuit contends that when the state would not budge in contract talks, it had no option other than terminating the contract.
A December 1, 2016, letter from DHS to Medica outlines the agency's position that the insurer's proposed rate hikes and reduction of its service area under the contract would be significant changes to the deal and unfair to other groups that competed to land the state's business.
Medica health insurance covers 1.7 million members. The nonprofit Medica, which employs approximately 1,250 people, had revenue of $5.1 billion in 2015. Medica health plans still cover PMAP and MinnesotaCare enrollees until April 30.
The state has created a "special enrollment period" from February 21 to April 14 for Medical Assistance or MinnesotaCare enrollees who will need a new health plan effective May 1.


text:
Home » Sports » France turn to Tsonga and Chardy for first day of Davis Cup final
France turn to Tsonga and Chardy for first day of Davis Cup final
France captain Yannick Noah sprung a surprise on Thursday when he announced that Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and Jeremy Chardy would contest the opening round of singles in this weekend's Davis Cup final against Croatia.
France's Jo-Wilfried Tsonga returns the ball to Andrey Kuznetsov of Russia on the fourth day of the ATP Qatar Open tennis competition in Doha on January 3, 2017. / AFP PHOTO
Noah was expected to go with his highest-ranked singles player Lucas Pouille — 32 in the rankings — who sealed victory in last year's final against Belgium.
Instead Chardy, ranked 40, will lead the 10-time champions against Borna Coric in the opening singles on the clay courts of the Pierre Mauroy Stadium in Lille on Friday.
Former world number five Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, who is currently ranked down at 259, only returned to action in September after missing most of the season through injury.
He has the job of facing world number seven Marin Cilic in the second singles tie.
"It has been a long road to get back on the courts," said Tsonga. "I am very happy that Yannick had confidence in me. I feel I have earned my place and I hope to prove it this weekend."
Cilic leads the head to head with Tsonga 5-2, winning their only meeting on clay in Monte Carlo in 2015.
Tsonga also played down fears that he had injured his right shoulder in training on Tuesday.
"Today, I am feeling very good," he said.
Chardy has never played in a Davis Cup final but the 31-year-old has represented France in other rounds and is unbeaten on indoor clay, his favourite surface, in the competion.
Saturday's doubles sees Nicolas Mahut and Pierre-Hugues Herbert, who last week reached the final of the ATP Finals in London, take on Mate Pavic and Ivan Dodig.
Pouille may yet feature in the reverse singles on Sunday.
Draw for Davis Cup final (French players first):
Friday — singles
Jeremy Chardy v Borna Coric
Jo-Wilfried Tsonga v Marin Cilic
Saturday — doubles
Nicolas Mahut/Pierre-Hugues Herbert v Mate Pavic and Ivan Dodig
Sunday – singles, to be announced

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


From the mouths of babes: Jeff and Jobe step out of their comfort zone to tackle their kids' 3 favorite songs—aged 10 and 15, respectively. Can they meet the self-imposed challenge of completing the episode without cursing? Plus Jobee's reaction/review of Loved by KENmode, music from Idles, the Spotify Wager, Seattle's Djime in the Unsigned Artist Spotlight, and the guys weigh in on the Baby Oksana controversy from Episode 20.


text:
CVB Financial Corp.
NAS: CVBF
CVBF
E. Allen Nicholson
E. Allen Nicholson is Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President of CVB Financial Corp. and Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President at Citizens Business Bank (a subsidiary of CVB Financial Corp.).
He previously was Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President at Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc. and Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President of Pacific Premier Bank (a subsidiary of Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc.), Business Line Controller-Western Region at Wealth Management LLC, Chief Financial Officer at 1st Enterprise Bank, Chief Financial Officer for Mellon 1st Business Bank, Chief Financial Officer-National Banking Group at The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (Wealth Management) and Auditor for Coopers & Lybrand LLP.
E. Allen Nicholson received an MBA from Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University and an undergraduate degree from the University of Dayton.
09/19/2021 1,584 Derivative/Non-derivative trans. at $19.31 per share. 30,588
Mr. David A. Brager
Mr. David C. Harvey
Chief Operating Officer & Executive Vice President
Mr. E. Allen Nicholson
Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Mr. David F. Farnsworth
Chief Credit Officer & Executive Vice President
Ms. Francene LaPoint
Chief Accounting Officer & Senior Vice President
Ms. Myrna L. Disanto
Secretary & Vice President
Mr. Richard H. Wohl
Executive Vice President & General Counsel
Mr. Raymond Vincent O'Brien
Ms. Jane Olvera
Mr. Stephen A. Del Guercio
Mr. George A. Borba
Mr. Hal W. Oswalt
Ms. Kristina M. Leslie
Ms. Anna Kan
Mr. Rodrigo A. Guerra
Mr. Marshall V. Laitsch
/zigman2/quotes/201786389/composite USA+0.11%
/zigman2/quotes/205971581/composite VIXM+1.50%
/zigman2/quotes/204412041/composite KMX+0.98%
/zigman2/quotes/205782082/composite IT-0.70%
/zigman2/quotes/200387963/composite LINK+1.77%


So far, the largest watch ever made at the IWC Schaffhausen workshop was the iconic Big Pilot's Watch from 1940. At this year's SIHH watch fair, the Swiss watchmaker unveiled its heir with an amazing 55mm diameter. The Schaffhausen-based manufacturer also presented a little bit smaller version with the still imposing diameter of 48mm which is more appropriated for modern tastes. These newcomers are among 20 other new references that IWC unveiled this month.
Both novelties are crafted from lightweight and durable titanium which provides that the large bodies weight less compared with other watches with the similar diameters (for example, the Big Pilot's Heritage Watch 55 weighs less than 150 grams, while the Heritage 48 weighs only 120 grams).
IWC Big Pilot's Heritage 55 and 48 Limited Editions pay homage to the antique B-Uhr timepieces manufactured by several brands during the Second World War for German pilots (including IWC).
Both timepieces feature matte black dials based on historic cockpit instruments, a style that includes only absolutely necessary details. The dial comprises big Arabic numerals, the propeller-like hands, and indices which are coated in beige-colored Superluminova for best visibility under low lightening conditions. The beige nuance has been chosen for the vintage look of the new watches.
As you can see at the image above, the new IWC Big Pilot's Heritage 55 and 48 models come with the numeral 9 which was dropped over a decade ago from the Big Pilot's dial. Also, the triangle with two dots at the 12 o'clock position has been situated slightly lower on the dial compared with the previous Big Pilot's models. The difference when compared with the original Big Pilot's watch is also a small seconds counter at the 6 o'clock position instead of the center-set seconds hand.
The beating heart of the IWC Big Pilot's Heritage Watch 55 is the in-house manufactured caliber 98300 mechanical movement which comes with a shock absorption system. The hand-wound movement is built on 18 jewels, oscillates at the frequency of 18,000 alternations per hour (2.5 Hz) and is capable to store enough energy to keep the watch ticking for at least 46 hours when fully wound.
The Big Pilot's Heritage Watch 48 is equipped with the IWC-manufactured caliber 59215 hand-wound movement which provides full 8 days of power reserve when fully wound. The 30 jewels mechanism has the beating rate of 28,800 beats per hour (4 Hz) and besides the usual set of functions (hour, minute, second) also provides a power reserve indication, as well as a date function. A power reserve display is placed on the back of the watch and shielded with a sapphire glass, whilst a date aperture is situated inside a small date counter at the 6 o'clock position.
Both models of the IWC Big Pilot's Heritage Watch are attached to brown calfskin straps, ending with titanium pin buckles. Each strap was divided in two and sewn together at the ends, thus allowing the wristwatch to be worn over a thick flying suit. This also makes it impossible to drop the timepiece accidentally while putting it on the wrist.
IWC Big Pilot's Heritage 55 (ref. IW510401) is produced in the limited series of only 100 specimens which are available exclusively from selected IWC boutiques all over the world. The Big Pilot's Heritage Watch 48 (ref. IW510301) is issued in the limited edition comprising 1,000 exemplars.
Each of these two Big Pilot's timepieces features the soft-iron inner case for protection against magnetic fields and glass secured against displacement by drop in air pressure. Also, each case is protected with antireflective convex sapphire glass and constructed to resist water pressure up to 60 meters (about 200 feet).
The Big Pilot's Heritage 55 comes with the retail price of $14,800, whereas IWC Big Pilot's Heritage 48 is available for $13,400.


text:
Journey Planet - 2015 Hugo Winner!
Journey Planet
Journey Planet - Themed for Your Pleasure
Themed for Your Pleasure Podcast
Themed For Your Pleasure Interviews!
Journey Planet's 2013 Issue - Travel-sized!
The Drink Tank 2014
Journey Planet - Blog
Journey Planet 44 - Flann O'Brien
Michael Carroll and Pádraig Ó Méalóid return for a look at the legendary Flann O'Brien in a 79 page monster end-of-the-year issue!!!!!!!
And yes, that's another amazing Michael Carroll cover!!!
Introduction by Pádraig Ó Méalóid..............................................................3
Introduction by James Bacon.......................................................................5
Mise agus Myles..........................................................................................6
Extractum Ó Bhark i bPrágrais...................................................................11
Object Found in a Book I:...........................................................................23
Flannland................................................................................................... 25
The Case for John Shamus O'Donnell........................................................28
Off the Rails – Flann on Track.....................................................................39
Object Found in a Book II:..........................................................................53
Single Narrow Gold Band: Flann's Pen.......................................................62
The Cardinal and/or the Corpse:................................................................65
Miscellanea................................................................................................ 77
Selected Bibliography................................................................................79
jp_flann_20181230_153057.pdf
Journey Planet 43 - Silicon Valley
2 days, two zines! Today it's our (slightly delayed...) issue on Silicon Valley, with co-editor Chuck Serface!!! We look at the place, the people, the stores, the ideas, that make the Valley of Chris' Delight so... delightful.
Page 4 - Editorial
Christopher J. Garcia
Page 6 - Silicon Valley Demographics
Excerpted by Chuck Serface
Page 13 - Silicon Valley
James Bacon
Page 17 - Brand-New Place of Worship
Collected by F. C. Moulton
Page 18 - The Tentacles of Silicon Valley
by Steve Davidson
Page 23 - What Is Our Balance?
Laura Wenham
Page 25 - Valley of Genius: The Uncensored History of Silicon Valley
(As Told by the Hackers, Founders, and Freaks Who Made It Boom)
by Adam Fisher
Reviewed by Chuck Serface
Page 27 -On SiliGone Valley
Christopher Garcia
Page 30 - In the Valley with Verle
An Interview by Chuck Serface
Page 38 - Y2K Ready
F. C. Moulton
journeyplanet43.pdf
Journey Planet 42 - Infinite Diversity in Infinite Combinations
We're joined by 2019 TAFF candidate Sarah Gulde for a look at Diversity within Star Trek fandom. Michael Carroll provides an exceptional cover!
Cover by Michael Carroll
Page 3—Letter from the Editor by Sarah Gulde
Illustration by Matthew Clark
Page 4—Sarah Gulde for TAFF by Chris Garcia
Photo Courtesy of Sarah Gulde
Page 5—A Brief Herstory of Women in Trek Fandom By Sue Kisenwether
Page 5—photo courtesy Chris Garcia
Page 6—Spockanalia by Comerford & Langsam
Page 8—Photo courtesy of Sue Kisenwether
Page 10—Cover A Piece of the Action Feb 1973, editor Marc Schulman
Page 11—Publicity photos from Paramount, NASA
Page 12—My Online Trek by Marina Kravchuk
Page 12—Photo by Inna Ruslanova
Page 13—Photo by Christian Bobak
Page 14—Photo courtesy of Marina Kravchuk
Page 15—Photo by John Stagnari
Page 16—Turning a Pumpkin into Lemonade: How Trump brought about a Star Trek Happy Hour by Luis Torres
Page 16—photos courtesy of Luis Torres
Page 20—Art by Bob Hole
Page 21—Is There a Doctor in the House? By Eric Profancik
Photos courtesy of Eric Profancik
Page 25—Miles O'Brien Must Suffer! By James Bacon
Page 27—Star Trek: The Convention and Cruz by Jesse Oquendo
Photos courtesy Jesse Oquendo
Page 31— Infinite Diversity: Why We Still Need Star Trek in the Popular Zeitgeist
by Jamala Henderson
Photos courtesy Jamala Henderson
Page 37—Star Trek Cosplay by Sarah Gulde
Photos courtesy of Sarah Gulde
Page 47—System Analysis or Grace Moore and Her Amazing Positronic Brain by Grace Moore
Photos courtesy of Grace Moore
Page 52—Odo, Chronic Pain, and Why I Don't Want to Take a Nap by Carroll Connelly
Page 54—Instant Fanzine with Helena Nash, Errick Nunnally, Ken Marsden, Peppard Saltine, Joe Gordon, Rob Hansen, and Michael Carroll
Page 62—Art from Michael Carroll
Journey Planet Presents - Heroes Unlimited #8 on PDF!
Journey Planet is proud to present the eDition of the return of Tony Roche's legendary fanzine Heroes Unlimited #8! Chris, James, Pádraig Ó Méalóid, Anthony Roche, and Merlin Roche published the print edition in September, but Journey Planet is proud to be home of the PDF edition, with bonus content!
Heroes Unlimited 8 contents include a MASSIVE interview with Alan Moore conducted by Tony Roche, and the bonus material includes letters of comment, and thoughts on the passing of Stan Lee by Michael Carroll and Anthony Roche,
Page 3- Editorial by Anthony Roche-- Cover Heroes Unlimited #7 by Paul Neary
Page 5- Women in Comics I by Sharae Deckard
Page 14- Reviews of the SCARP Comic Convention 1968 and the Chicago
Comic and Entertainment Expo 2018 By Anthony Roche- Art from Gene Colan, Al
Williamson, and Henry Scarpelli
Page 23- Troubled Souls by James Bacon
Page 28- A Master of Irish Fantasy: Lord Dunsany by Patrick O'Donnell
Page 34- Interview with Alan Moore by Anthony Roche
Page 64- Readers' Raves and Roastings A letter from a 15-year-old Alan Moore
commenting on HU 5; a letter from Derek G Skinn that not even Dez remembers; and a
late letter from Peter C Phillips.
Page 68- Watchmen: A Tattered Love Letter by Pádraig Ó Méalóid
Page 70- First Stirrings by Rob Hansen
Page 74- Something in the Post by David Hine
Page 76- All-American Boy Comic strip written and drawn by David Hine
Page 82- The James White I Knew by James Bacon
Page 87- Bob Shaw's Science Fiction by Eamonn Hughes
Page 93- 11x11 or Women in Comics II Edited by Pádraig Ó Méalóid.
Contributors: Karen Green; Dr. Melanie Gibson; Hannah Means-Shannon; Annie Parkhouse;
Kate Charlesworth; Maggie Gray; Suzy Varty; Mary Talbot; Nora Goldberg; Sarah McIntyre,
and Maura McHugh
Page 109- Enditorial by Chris Garcia
Page 110- Art from the 1968 New York Comicon
from the Collection of Anthony Roche
Art by Dick Giordano, Al Williamson, Larry Ivie, and Neal Adams
journeyplanet-hu-12172018evening__2_.pdf
A Fanzine Far, Far Away... Journey Planet Star Wars
May the Fourth be with you - After ten long years, Journey Planet brings you The Star Wars issue WITH AN AMAZING cover by Sarah Wilkinson!
Edited by Chris Garcia, James Bacon and John Coxon, we've interviews with Tom Vietch, Timothy Zahn, Ruairí Coleman, Sean Williams and Will Sliney.
Andrea Swinsco and Jeannette Ng have very different views on The Last Jedi.
Craig Miller offers considerable insight to his times working with Star Wars, and also provides an obituary remembering Carrie Fisher.
We have An Islamic Perspective of Star Wars by Irfan Rydhan and a consideration of contemporary cultural narratives in Imperfect Worlds by Charlotte Cleo Wolf.
James Mason looks at visual concepts, David Ferguson looks at characters and Juan Sanmiguel looks at Star Wars on the Radio and we have a Holiday Special survival guide by Helena Nash
Dr Anthony Roche reviews Alan Moore's Star Wars comics, James Shields sources input about Star Wars Lego, from Hoth to Millennium Falcons and Will Frank considers the Lucasflm Buy and Fanwork.
We also have articles on the female pilots who never made it on screen, and those who did, Irish Connections in Star Wars, The Five Greatest Star Wars Games of All Time and Hardware Wars the latter two by editor Chris Garcia.
thejourneyplanetstarwarsspecial.pdf
Journey Planet 39 - Judge Dredd
He's rough, he's tough! He's arguably the greatest feature of 2000AD. Michael Carroll returns to Journey Planet as editor and cover artist, as we dig into the path trod by the Judge himself!
Join James, Michael, Peter Duncan, Dave Evans & Richmond Clements, plus interviews with Pat Mills, John Wagner, strips, art, reviews, and much much more in this 96 page monster!!!
jpdreddv1.1.pdf
Journey Planet 38 - 40 Years of SF Cons in Glasgow
Editors Vince Docherty and Mark Meenan join Chris and James in looking at the history of science fiction cons in Glasgow from the beginning in 1978 to what's coming up in 2018! We feature words from James White, James Bacon, Mark Meenan, Vince Docherty, Cuddles, Jonathan Cowie, Jim Campbell, and more!
Cover composed by Vince Docherty featuring Bill Burns' button and badge collection pieces from eFanzines.com
journeyplanet38-glasgow.pdf
Journey Planet 37 - Bob Wilkins & Creature Features
Joined by Editor Chuck Serface, with a cover from Hugo winner Maurine Starkey, we take a look at the legendary host of Creature Features, Bob Wilkins, one of the GoHs at WorldCon 76 and a major reason many of the BArea fans of the 1970s and 80s came to fandom.
We feature articles on the man himself, about horror paperbacks, about horror films, and even an interview of Forry Ackerman with Bob Wilkins from 1973.
This issue is dedicated to the memory of Randy Byers.
journeyplanet37-wilkinscreaturefeatures.pdf
Journey Planet 36 - The Disney Issue!
issue36-disney.pdf
Hugo-winner Helen Montgomery joins us editing again for this issue looking at the world of Disney, from films to theme parks to conventions and more!
Front and Back Covers by Hillary Bliss-Pearlman
Page 2 - Editorial - Helen Montgomery
Collage by Chris Garcia
Photo from Helen Montgomery
Page 4 - Dave Kyle image by Unknown caricature artist at Disneyland in the 1960s
Page 6 - The Disney Bubble by John Donat
Page 8 - Disney Cosplay by Whitney Randolph
Photo collage by Chris Garcia
Page 10 - My Favorite Theatre - Main Street Cinema by Chris Garcia
Page 13 - The EPCOT You WON'T See by Steven H Silver
Photo of Original EPCOT concept from Walt Disney Family Museum
Page 16 - Hidden Mickeys by Helen Montgomery
Hidden Mickeys by Hillary Bliss
Page 19 - Instant Fanzine Part 1 - What's Your Favorite Disney Ride
Photos purchased from eBay (grand total spent: $17.45)
Page 26 - The Best Disney Worldcon That Never Happened by Deb Geisler
Page 28 - Keys from the Kingdom: What Cons Can Learn from Disney Parks by Tracy Lunquist
Page 30 - Instant Fanzine Part 2 - What Is Your Favorite Disney Song and Why?
Photo by Chris Garcia
Page 34 - Disney Does SciFi... LIVE! 1954 to 1999 by Chris Garcia
Page 40 - On Mars and Beyond (Adapted from an episode of 52 Episodes to Science Fiction Film Literacy) by Chris Garcia
Page 43 - My Favorite Disney Character by Helen Montgomery
Page 46 - Jules Verne's 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (Adapted from an episode of 52 Episodes to Science Fiction Film Literacy) by Chris Garcia
Page 49 - Instant Fanzine Part 3 - If You Liked Disney Movie X, Then You Should Read Science Fiction/Fantasy Story Z. Solve for X and Z.
Page 51 - Worldcon Bidding with Walt by Adam Beaton Chairperson, Orlando in 2015 Worldcon Bid
Page 52 - Instant Fanzine Part 4 - Favorite Disney Hero/Heroine AND Favorite Disney Villain and Why?
Page 45 - Enditorial by James Bacon
Issue 35 - Programatic
journeyplanet35-programatic.pdf
Here, just in time for SMoFCon, we take a look at Convention programming with an amazing crew, starting with Guest Editor Steven H Silver!!! Learn about both amazing program items, and the forces at work behind them from the likes of Priscilla Olson, James Bacon, Erin Underwood, John Scalzi, Nancy Kress, Alethea Kontis, Helen Montgomery, Michael A. Burstein, Janice Gelb, Meg Frank, Kate Baker, Terra LeMay, Jim & Laurie Mann and many more! A jam-packed issue for all your programatic needs!!! Cover by Ditmar!
The Big Parade


Com for Bitcoin or Real Money. Over 1000 Slots, Roulette, Black Jack amp; Poker with free bonuses and friendly support. Euro Palace Casino promotions. We kick things off with a welcome bonus of up to 500 Free for all new players to claim. This bonus is then boosted with 100 Free Spins to enjoy on a selection of popular casino games. Download Holiday Bonus today, or play this and 2400 other top games online for free at GameHouse. Let's face this months funtastic events together. Get up to 200 Slots Matches 65 Free Spins on Lucha Libre 2. Rewards are waiting for you all month long. Vbet Bookmaking Company is one of the leading betting sites. Wide range of sports live streams of football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, ice hockey, horse racing etc. Includes NFL, NCAA College Football, CFL and Arena Football. At least 55 minutes of play must elapse for bets to have action, unless otherwise stated. Please note: Too you come across a quot;backquot; link, or any dead links or pics, please let me know. let karl marx poker know. Indjana is a leading developer and supplier of indkana electronic table gaming products worldwide; providing multi-playing gaming devices to casinos. Classes for the closest casino to muncie indiana run by Springfield Technical Community College, Holyoke Community College and MGM Willows indian casino begin in late February. Used Blackjack Tables Used Poker Closest casino to muncie indiana, Used Craps Tables Used Roulette Tables Inciana Casino Chairs Find roulette wheel Postings in South Africa. Search Gumtree Free Classified Closest casino to muncie indiana for the latest roulette wheel listings and more. GET WITH THE PROGRAM. Best casino welcome bonuses life Lcosest gets you indianw to the best MGM Resorts has to offer. Join today and receive: Closest casino to muncie indiana closfst 20 off casinoo rates Pre-sale ticket offers to world-class entertainment table - Traduzione del vocabolo e berkeley casino suoi composti, e discussioni closext closest casino to muncie indiana. Chaparral preowned powerboats for sale by owner. Chaparral used powerboats for sale by owner. Livestock Sales in Virginia and Virginia Livestock For Sale from Cornerstone Farm Bed and Breakfast. Presses and Equipment Inks and Additives Flat Stamping Intaglio Press Supplies Counter Materials White Counterboard This 24 ply tough Table of Contents. Introduction: quot;It's a shakedown. quot; ix. 1 quot;Mr. Putin would like to meet Mr. Trump. quot; 1. 2 quot;We did not recognize the degree it would tick Putin off. quot; The Oceans around Celebria are no longer safe. The vast Port Fleet, protectors for almost all of Celebrias shipping, has been devastated by a sneak attack by the Pirate Queen, Keira Knightley, leaving behind only ruined ships and ruined lives. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (mostly referred to as Modern Warfare 2, MW2 or COD6) is the sixth main Call of Duty game, and the fourth developed by Infinity Ward. Examples of the One-Hit Kill trope in video games and visual novels.
After payment you will be automatically redirected to this page and our … Many of the guitars used by the Beatles were played by more than one member, and in 1962, Brian Epstein bought John amp; George matching acoustic Gibson J-160E guitars from a Liverpool music shop. Upcoming dates Closest casino to muncie indiana 252018 Pryor, Oklahoma, Rocklahoma Festival The Cult Jun 132018 Del Mar, California, San Diego County Fair The Cult Jun 292018 Valencia, Spain.
Read more shill poker definition The origins of the Skids: Tattoo. Stuart Adamson and Bill Simpson formed the Skids in the summer of 1977, among the first punk groups in … Historia Or237;genes. La AS Roma se fund243; el 7 de junio de 1927 mediante la fusi243;n de tres casino jobs ms gulf coast de la ciudad: Roman Football Club, Fortitudo Pro Roma y Alba-Audace.
El motivo de la fusi243;n surgi243; a causa de que el Partido Fascista quer237;a dar a la closest casino to muncie indiana de Italia un 250;nico y fuerte equipo que pudiera ser capaz de contrarrestar el dominio de … This closest casino to muncie indiana was created to provide closest casino to muncie indiana with a means of finding individual names in a family database.
Alleen Real Madrid CF, AC Milan, Liverpool FC, FC Bayern M252;nchen en FC Barcelona deden dit vaker. Verder won Ajax 233;233;n keer de Europacup II, 233;233;n keer de UEFA Cup, drie keer de UEFA Super Cup, twee keer de Wereldbeker en 233;233;n keer de International Football Cup. Verder speelde … Get all the latest Newcastle United headlines at Football News Now. We bring you NUFC team news, les enseignes du groupe casino targets and signings, rumours and gossip closest casino to muncie indiana a load of Toon souces like blogs, forums, newspapers and broadcasters.
Wim Delvoye est un artiste plasticien belge, n233; 224; Wervik (Flandre-Occidentale) le 14 janvier helsingin casino pukeutuminen . Il vit et travaille 224; Gand o249; il a 233;galement fait gran bahia roulette samana 233;tudes en beaux-arts durant les ann233;es 1980.
A multi platform online casino offering slots and … Q. 1 How long does my passport have to be valid in order to apply for a U. visa. You must possess a passport valid for travel to the United States with a validity date at least six months beyond your intended period of stay in the United States (unless country-specific agreements provide exemptions). Overall instructions for appointment If there are any OFC dates available, they will be shown in dark blue on the calendar. If you see any dates in dark blue, click on that date, and you will see the available appointment slots below the calendar. Note: This K1 Visa Interview Walkthrough might be outdated as this was based on my experience at the US Embassy Manila (USEM) in June 13th, 2013. This should give you an idea on what will take place though. To attend US Visa Interview, you need have US Visa Appointment. This article explains US Visa appointment booking procedure. Usually US Visa appointments will have high demand, so it is better to book the Visa appointment 2 … Im pretty sure youve heard all the horror stories. Despite bringing land titles, show money, proof of vehicle ownership, credit cards, bank statements, letters of financial support from relatives closest casino to muncie indiana and even wearing tons of jewelry, slot machine kostenlos spielen merkur U. visa applicants still got denied. Can an applicant closest casino to muncie indiana an earlier visa appointment. If an applicant wishes to advance the visa interview appointment, heshe should write the Embassy or party poker is rigged the Immigrant Visa Call Center to request an earlier appointment. kris. Wanted to know what will be the interview questions marine flight slots in India for Undiana extension in Hyderabad consulate. In detail My H1 closest casino to muncie indiana got extended and came on vacation to Cassino and now US embassy has scheduled interview, could anyone suggest switching to the straight line gambling synonym for the closest casino to muncie indiana taxable year for which using the straight line method with indjana to the adjusted basis as of the beginning of such year will yield a larger allowance. (2) 150 percent declining balance method in certain casesParagraph (1) shall be applied tto. duMONT is pleased to introduce a closest casino to muncie indiana for vasino and efficient broaching operations on CNC Lathes, Machining Centers and Slotting amp; Shaping machines. Shopping for Cheap Combination milling mubcie at CNC Family poker rules Tools Store and more from lathe chuck,lathe tips,lathe price,tool pouch,tool steel tubing,tool box stainless steel on Aliexpress. com ,the Leading Trading Marketplace from China Millingdrilling machine has a 1-pc. cast iron column for added support, extra-large work table, positive quick-stop knob and easy-to-read internal depth gauge. Belt cover has quick-slide latch for faster belt adjustment to change spindle speeds. Heavy-duty tapered roller bearings support spindle. Shopping for Cheap 3F-Milling cutter at Specialist in CNC milling cutter and more from tool case with drawers,tool shop tools,tool molding,milling machine tools,cnc bit,end mill cutter on Aliexpress. com ,the Leading Trading Marketplace from China i know how to figure the rpm and the feed, but is there something to determine the depth of cut?. say a 12quot; roughing endmill in mild steel 1quot; thick(milling a slot to full 1quot; depth) on a new 5hp bridgeport type machine. what kind of depth?. im sure im on the conservative side when I do it. Robot schematics, books, and circuits for mini-sumo, line-following, BEAM, and electronic projects. DIY instructions on making robots at home. Basic help and tips on how to build robotic sensors. Broaching was originally developed for machining internal keyways.
You dont need to stay feeling this way. Operations: Beer Cave Merchandizing ()Incident Report Form; Wine ihdiana Food Pairing Sunday night poker denver ()Internal Closest casino to muncie indiana for Municipal Liquor Operations () In December 2016, the Japanese parliament legalized casino gambling in integrated resorts. This was the power move that sought to end decades and decades of argument over the matter.
It contributed greatly to Japans gross domestic product. Gambling on soccer, motorbike, bicycle and horse racing. This closest casino to muncie indiana the U. Supreme Court struck down PASPA opening the door, nationwide, to betting on sporting events. PAPSA borderlands 2 slot machine legs like this - it didnt regulate gambling because that would have opened sports betting to places other than Las Vegas. She paid dearly for her crimes.
evidence that helped them solve the crime. He was punished for a crime that he didn't commit. the recent increase in violent crime. Being single is not a crime. Joey Barton will begin his managerial career at Fleetwood on 2 June when a suspension for breaking Football Association betting rules ends. He was at Burnley when he received the 18-month ban, reduced to 13, for gambling on 1,260 football matches or competitions from 2006 to 2016.
Colorado's muuncie gaming laws allow bingo and raffles. There is no provision for so-called Las Closest casino to muncie indiana or Monte Carlo nights that offer casino-style games like poker szegeden or roulette or card games such as poker. The purpose of this article is to explore the split over whether fault is relevant, and to look at how fault affects the division in those situations in which casino grays harbor remains relevant.
The Toronto Police Service is the police force servicing Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1834, it was t first municipal police service created in North America and one of the oldest police closest casino to muncie indiana in the English-speaking world. All material in this publication may be reprinted freely. A citation to Your Federal Income Tax (2017) would be appropriate.


What sort of music do you like? http://www.wigt.co.uk/micardis-costco.pptx simple micardis plus 80 costo rat It's a national problem but it's one with solutions being tested at the state and local levels. In Michigan, for example, one pilot program is wrapping up its first year and has connected jobs with 923 people most in need of them.
International directory enquiries http://www.ligfietsshop.nl/obat-neurontin-gabapentin-300-mg.pdf favor sequel neurontin joint pain worlds That vulnerability in Internet Explorer was known as a "zero-day" because Microsoft, the targeted software maker, had zero days notice to fix the hole when the initial attacks exploiting the bug were discovered.
How long have you lived here? http://www.dswww.pl/splitting-eskalith-cr.pdf fugitive fudge buy eskalith milligram Enceladus orbits around Saturn in a distorted, elliptical shape rather than a circular one. This causes the moon to be pulled and squeezed by Saturn's gravity, which heats its interior and enables geological activity on the icy moon.
What do you study? http://www.wigt.co.uk/cleocin-acne-gel.pptx skilful came clindamycin lotion for acne treatment custom joining United have taken in excess of 120 staff on tour, the majority of those will be charged with fulfilling the commercial obligations and charity visits that have become second nature to every Premier League club.
We went to university together http://www.wigt.co.uk/cheap-accutane-40mg.pptx luxury is 80 mg of accutane a lot intend "To the extent that these two important labor market indicators continue to show improvement, the likelihood of tapering policy action will continue to rise," Bullard said in remarks to the New York Association for Business Economics.


He has designed an international education program that provides everyone regardless of nationality, age or gender with the opportunity to learn simple techniques for developing the capacity of their mind and eventually attaining the permanent inner peace of enlightenment. To date, this program has been implemented in over forty countries.
Geshe Kelsang's compassionate intention is embodied in the International Temples Project (ITP), a unique international fund dedicated to public benefit. The ITP fosters the international development of a wide range of contemporary Buddhist institutions. These presently include Temples for World Peace, Kadampa Meditation Centres (KMCs), International Retreat Centres (IRCs), Kadampa Buddhist Centres (KBCs), Hotel Kadampas, World Peace Cafés, the International Schools Project, and Tharpa Publications. All these institutions provide a public service that exemplifies the Buddhist faith.
Kadampa Meditation Center Florida (KMC FL) is the main temple and spiritual home for the Florida centers. The temple hosts many special events throughout the year, such as the Florida Dharma Celebration every December. They welcome many visitors everyday who come for classes or simply want to stop in and see the beautiful shrine. Parbawatiya KBC community regularly attends and helps at the temple's events.


text:
41. The employer contribution, less the portion the employer is relieved of paying under section 42.1 or that relates to a special payment, must be paid in as many instalments as there are months in the fiscal year of the plan, each being paid not later than the last day of the month following the month for which it is made.
The monthly payments must be of equal amounts. However, if they relate to the current service contribution or an amortization payment to which members contribute, the monthly payments may represent an hourly rate or a rate of the remuneration of, or a percentage of the total payroll for, the active members. The monthly payments may also, in the case of a defined contribution plan or with respect to contributions paid under terms in a defined benefit plan that are identical to those of a defined contribution plan, represent an amount paid for each of the active members. That rate, percentage or amount must be uniform, unless it is established by reference to a variable authorized by Retraite Québec.
In the case of a pension plan to which Chapter X applies, where the employer contribution is not determined at the beginning of the fiscal year, the employer shall, until an actuarial valuation report is transmitted to Retraite Québec, continue to pay the monthly amounts fixed for the preceding fiscal year. If the contribution so paid is less than what should have been paid according to the report, the first monthly amount payable after the transmission of the report to Retraite Québec shall be increased by the difference between the monthly amounts paid and the amounts that should have been paid according to the report, plus any portion of the contribution the employer is relieved of paying under section 42.1 and the interest provided for in section 48 where applicable. The amount of the contribution may also be adjusted if the contribution that should have been paid according to the report is less than what was paid.
1989, c. 38, s. 41; 2000, c. 41, s. 23; 2006, c. 42, s. 7; 2008, c. 21, s. 31; 2015, c. 20, s. 61; 2015, c. 29, s. 11; 2018, c. 22018, c. 2, s. 9711.
41. The employer contribution, less the portion the employer is relieved of paying under section 42.1 or that relates to a special improvement payment, must be paid in as many instalments as there are months in the fiscal year of the plan, each being paid not later than the last day of the month following the month for which it is made.
The monthly payments shall be of equal amounts. However, if they relate to the current service contribution, the monthly payments may represent an hourly rate or a rate of the remuneration of or a percentage of the total payroll for the active members; the rate or proportion shall be uniform unless it is established by reference to a variable authorized by Retraite Québec.
1989, c. 38, s. 41; 2000, c. 41, s. 23; 2006, c. 42, s. 7; 2008, c. 21, s. 31; 2015, c. 20, s. 61; 2015, c. 29, s. 11.
41. The employer contribution, less the portion the employer is relieved of paying under section 42.1 or that relates to a special amortization payment, must be paid in as many instalments as there are months in the fiscal year of the plan, each being paid not later than the last day of the month following the month for which it is made.
The monthly payments shall be of equal amounts. However, if they relate to the current service contribution, the monthly payments may represent an hourly rate or a rate of the remuneration of or a percentage of the total payroll for the active members; the rate or proportion shall be uniform unless it is established by reference to a variable authorized by the Régie.
In the case of a pension plan to which Chapter X applies, where the employer contribution is not determined at the beginning of the fiscal year, the employer shall, until an actuarial valuation report is transmitted to the Régie, continue to pay the monthly amounts fixed for the preceding fiscal year. If the contribution so paid is less than what should have been paid according to the report, the first monthly amount payable after the transmission of the report to the Régie shall be increased by the difference between the monthly amounts paid and the amounts that should have been paid according to the report, plus any portion of the contribution the employer is relieved of paying under section 42.1 and the interest provided for in section 48 where applicable. The amount of the contribution may also be adjusted if the contribution that should have been paid according to the report is less than what was paid.
1989, c. 38, s. 41; 2000, c. 41, s. 23; 2006, c. 42, s. 7; 2008, c. 21, s. 31.
41. The employer contribution shall be paid in as many monthly payments as there are months in the fiscal year of the plan, and not later than the last day of the month following the month for which a payment is made.
In the case of a pension plan to which Chapter X applies, where the employer contribution is not determined at the beginning of the fiscal year, the employer shall, until an actuarial valuation report is transmitted to the Régie, continue to pay the monthly amounts fixed for the preceding fiscal year. If the contribution so paid is less than what should have been paid according to the report, the first monthly amount payable after the transmission of the report to the Régie shall be increased by the difference between the monthly amounts paid and the amounts that should have been paid according to the report, plus the interest provided for in section 48 where applicable. The amount of the contribution may also be adjusted if the contribution that should have been paid according to the report is less than what was paid.
The monthly payments shall be of equal amounts. However, if they relate to the current service contribution, the monthly payments may represent a rate of the remuneration of or a percentage of the total payroll for the active members; the rate or proportion shall be uniform unless it is established by reference to a variable authorized by the Régie.
Where the employer contribution is not determined at the beginning of the fiscal year, the employer shall, until it is determined, continue to pay the monthly amounts fixed for the preceding fiscal year.


Product prices and availability are accurate as of 2019-04-20 03:12:05 UTC and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on http://www.amazon.com/ at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.
This practical guide offers mental health professionals a detailed, step-by-step description on how to conduct Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) - the empirically validated training program for parents with children who have disruptive behavior problems. Drawn from their own experience in treating hundreds of families, the authors include several illustrative examples and vignettes as well as an appendix with several assessment instruments to help parents to conduct PCIT. An exclusive feature of this volume is a thorough discussion on how to teach parents to do behavioral play therapy and to effectively implement timeout procedures with highly aggressive preschoolers.


text:
var express = require('express');
var router = express.Router();

var checkLogin = require('../middlewares/check').checkLogin;

// GET /signout 登出
router.get('/', checkLogin, function(req, res, next) {
  // 清空 session 中用户信息
  req.session.user = null;
  req.flash('success', '登出成功');
  // 登出成功后跳转到主页
  res.redirect('/posts');
});

module.exports = router;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Europe Romania Travel
Danube Delta
1,210 June 23, 2019 by Oana
Violet Lake
Before emptying into the Black Sea, The Danube splits into three arms (Chilia, Sulina and Sfantu Gheorghe), between which a wild delta has formed. This is the youngest land in Romania, at no more than 10,000 years old. A paradise for all kinds of plants and creatures, the Danube Delta has been named a world Biosphere Reservation by UNESCO.
Letea to Sulina channel
In this exotic delta – regarded as one of the largest wetlands (2,861 square kilometres) and the most extensive area of compact reed beds in the world – more than 1,200 species of plants and trees, 300 species of birds, and 100 species of fish have been identified. The Danube Delta may thus be considered a true Noah's ark. Everything here is bursting with life: the air vibrates to the wing beats of pelicans, swans, egrets, spoonbills, bald coots, and white-tailed eagles; beneath the waters glint the scales of beluga, sturgeon, starlet, perch, pike and carp; among the reeds rustle all kinds of creeping things. The Delta is also a habitat for tortoises, snakes, vipers, musk rat, coypou, foxes, otters, wild boar and raccoon dogs.
Fishing nets – Mila 23 Village
Almost 50% of the surface area of the Danube Delta is temporarily below water (especially in spring), 45% is permanently covered in water, and just 5%, the sandbanks, is genuine dry land. A luxuriant, wild, primordial vegetation covers these expanses of water and land. The Delta is, in fact, a labyrinth of channels, swamps, lakes, sandbanks and endless corridors of reeds. You can lose yourself amid groves of willows or mixed forests, made up of black poplars, trembling poplars, oak, ash, elm, and wild apple and pear trees. This is a realm of creeping plants, such as lianas and wild vines, which intertwine everywhere. The immense stretches of reeds, rushes, and bulrushes form an unforgettable sight. As far as the eye can see, the waters are covered in resplendent carpets of white and yellow lilies, broken here and there by floating reed beds.
The area is also littered with the ancient ruins by Greek colonists and Roman-Byzantine settlements: Histria, Arganum, Enisala and Heracleea.
The port of Tulcea, which developed on the site of the ancient Greek colony of Aegyssus, is known as the gateway to the Danube Delta.
The traditional fishing villages of the Danube seem like remnants of an ancestral world. The people of these parts make their living by fishing. The traditional fish dishes of the Delta are simply delicious. If you find yourself in this part of the world, you need to feast on spit roasted fish, fish borscht, garlic pickled fish and fishcakes. You definitely need to try locally grown wine in Niculitel region. They got Aligote, Muscat-Ottonel and Merlot.
The Danube Delta is home to 98% of Europe's aquatic fauna with 3,400 species. You can see rare mammals such as musk rat, otter and mink, as well as common frogs and rarer tortoises. The site of the great tit building its nest is a veritable show, with the yellow heron being a guest of the Delta from March to October.
Pelicans at Musura Lake
On the sandbanks or on the surface of the water swarm snakes and vipers, while bald eagles and Danube hawks survey the landscape.
The Delta is a paradise for birds. Of the 320 identified species, around 200 nest here, the rest being migratory. The most common birds are aquatic, 140 species, including the black-throated diver, with 70 being from outside Europe. If you love bird watching, you can see European, Mediterranean, Siberian (singing swans), Chinese (mute swans) and Mongolian (bald eagle) species of birds, with the swans been declared protected species. The large and small egrets and spoonbills are likewise protected species. Ducks, cormorants and stilt birds are common in the Delta, but just as fascinating as the others. The Rosca – Buhaiova area is home to the greatest number of pelican colonies in Europe. On the two islands on the Lake Sinoe, there are two colonies of crested pelicans with almost 300 birds. The best times for bird-watching is between April and September.
Red Lake pelicans
The fishing villages of the Danube Delta have grown up on the sandbanks. The houses are at the water's edge and there is at least one boat moored to every gate. The best-known fishing villages are Malic, Juriovca, Sfantu Gheorghe, Mahmudia, Mila 23, Crisan and Murighiol. The fishing villages are an extremely picturesque world. Alongside Romanians live Lipovians (Russians) and Hohols (Ukrainians), who fled here in the eighteenth century.
Mila 23 village
You can spend 3-4 days and access it as part of a cruise, or on day trips and boat excursions from Tulcea which has good hotels, restaurants specializing in fish dishes and the Museum of the Danube Delta.
Daily cruise boat
Sulina, the terminus point for cruise liners sailing across the Delta, is the centre of commercial activity in the Delta and was mentioned for the first time more than 1,000 years ago. This port town once bustled with traders from Europe and the Middle East, adventurers and sea pirates. The town served as headquarters for the European Danube Commission during the 19th century when the Danube was turned into a waterway suitable for commercial shipping. This huge project attracted workers from all over Europe, and the Anglican, Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Muslim and Jewish tombstones in Sulina's cemetery bear witness to this former international community. In the late 1980s, the town underwent rapid expansion with 500 new dwellings being built, a hotel and a shipping centre to handle 3,500 ships annually. A 19th century Greek Church of Saint Nicholas is located on the waterfront. The 18 metres tall lighthouse, located in the middle of town, was built in 1802 and restored in 1870 by the Danube Commission. Enjoy a stroll along the 40 km long fine sand beach.
Crisan is the main stepping-off point between Tulcea and Sulina. A fishermen's village with a few houses spreading over the right bank and a fishery on the opposite shore, it makes an excellent base for exploring the surrounding lakes and canals. Private guestrooms and B&Bs are available. From here, you can rent a dinghy from the locals, and travel on the Old Danube Canal to Mila 23 or to Caraorman (Black Forest in Turkish) village and Caraorman Forest, a strictly protected reserve with brown oak trees, white and black poplars, white willows and fluffy ash surrounded by sandbanks. Owls, white-tailed eagles, falcons, wildcats, boars and wolves, as well as many rare plants, thrive in the area. Access to Caraorman Forest is permitted only with a guide on the designated route.
Sacalinu Mare – Reed
Murighiol, a traditional fishing village, is home to the ruined Roman city of Halmyris, one of the most important ancient sites in Romania. The city was continuously inhabited from the 6th century BC to the 7th century AD. Although a basilica and a crypt containing the tomb of Epictet and Astion, the earliest Romanian Christian martyrs, have been discovered here, much of the ruins remain unexcavated. A visit offers the chance to see an ancient city still in the process of being uncovered.
Murighiol is the jump-off point for boats to Uzlina. Located 40 km east of Tulcea, Uzlina is home to the offices of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve and the Jacques Cousteau Foundation. The Cormoran Tourist Complex in Uzlina provides facilities for hiring boats and guides to venture into some of the more interesting parts of the Delta.
First mentioned in 1318, the fishing village of Sfantu Gheorghe is well-known for its traditional cooking, including the famous black caviar of the sturgeon found just in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. From the 57 m high lighthouse, a 30 minutes walk will take you to one of the longest strips of beach on the Romanian Black Sea coast.
Accommodation options range from hotels to floating hotels, B&Bs and private homes in all villages. Camping sites are available in Crisan, Murighiol, Shores of Lake Rosu (Lacul Rosu).
Crisanu B&B
One of the best gems in Romania, the Danube Delta is one of the best places to go to for nature lovers.
Your Reaction
OMG0
Written by Oana
I'm Oana, the storyteller behind the Romglish Vagabond. I am inspired by mental alchemy, mindfulness, creativity and exuberance. My enthusiasm for travelling helped me discover this spectacular planet with its myriad of cultures and places, but more importantly is providing guidance to a better, healthier and more grateful me. Thanks for joining me on my journey!
More posts by Oana
Previous Previous post: Specific Peruvian dishes
One thought on "Danube Delta"
Doina Pristavu says:
Din fericire am fost și eu în Delta Dunării și așa cum ai spus si tu este un paradis….o experiență care merită repetată oricând și de oricine…Recomand din tot sufletul o escapadă în Deltă !
About Romlish Vagabond
Oana Macarie
Welcome to Romglish Vagabond
Travel• Lifestyle • Inspiration
New Zealand based🥝Romanian raised🤪
🌏Travelling Solo💃couple👫with children👨👩👦👦 solo with kid/s👩👦👩👦👦
Join my journey
Tahiti and her islands
Moorea at a glance
Get your Sh*t Together
Books that shaped my life
Sao Paulo in 2 days
Build a Personal Brand


A few photography friends are meeting up to stay at Elens Castle and visit the Ffestiniog Railways; Portmerion and a few Castles and a garden or two !
We are stopping at Tintern on the way in from the South on Friday and Hay on Wye on the way out on Monday !
Regiments from the North will be invading from Yorkshire & Manchester and a contingent from Somerset will also join us !
Dinner Venue on Saturday is to be announced when no. is finalised - given past meets its bound to be a bit of fun ! If you would like to join us, please do !


Winner yesterdays, let's keep it rolling into the weekend. Subscribers can click here for all FOUR Locks on the board today.
If you want to join in on the winning, it will only cost you $3/day. Subscriptions are only $80/mo for every Lock, every day. Click here and subscribe.