So what do I mean by captivating downloads? In it's basic form, in exchange for someones email address, you offer to send the subscriber some useful content. Here are some options that make opting in feel worth while to your potential customers. There are five different approaches that you can follow to create captivated customers.
Instead of giving your prospects just one useful resource, why not point them to a whole collection of good stuff? Create a simple PDF of your favourite tools for accomplishing a specific goal relevant to your products or services, then use it as a lead magnet.
Want someone to subscribe to your newsletter? Thats easy, offering them instant reward by including a giveaway such as an e-book or another free bonus when they sign up.
About to unveil something big and hope you'll have an audience waiting? Try offering a free first look to people who join your launch-notifications list— maybe a video overview, a course or even a membership page.
Coffee shop samples, in which coffee goers are given a taste of something (like a slice from a muffin or the classic brownie) to inspire them to buy the whole product. In the digital world, this can include: first chapter of an e-book; mini consultation; or free limited-functionality app could serve as your first taste test.
Attending an industry conference or big event that your audience might be interested in, but can't attend themselves. Take detailed notes and create a document sharing what you've learned. Then, build a simple landing page to make it available for download and post a link in any industry groups or forums you're a part of.
Once you've found a couple of good ideas to start with, you'll want to build them into your overall marketing strategy so they keep generating leads for you over time. If you need help with your content marketing, please contact us, we would more than happy to help you generate more potential customers.
Are you having similar success with your content? Or are you subscribed to a blog you would like share below in the comments?


I recently interviewed Leah, shown in Figure 1, about her vision of where the combination of experience design and business strategy is headed in the coming years, which will be the topic of her upcoming keynote presentation at UX STRAT USA, as well as her recent research and work at Forrester. She'll also be conducting a workshop on "How to Speak Strategy" at UX STRAT, which will take place on September 14–16, 2016.
Paul: Tell me about your upcoming keynote presentation at UX STRAT USA this year.
Organizations are desperate for internal leaders who have a strong vision for how to overhaul the experiences they offer to their customers. … Experience design professionals are uniquely qualified to help them with these challenges….
Leah: My presentation is titled "The State of Experience Design 2016." In my talk, I'll examine how the set of related disciplines that collectively make up experience design are coming together—and in what ways they remain distinct.
This talk is inspired by what I have seen since I took a slight professional left turn several years ago, leaving the field of experience design to work as an industry analyst looking at the evolving role of design in business. In the intervening years, I've been conducting research across the fields of user experience, design thinking, service design, and customer experience. What I've seen through that research is that practitioners and specialists often treat these disciplines as distinct and specialized, but organizations don't usually see them that way.
On the contrary, companies are currently pulling methods and techniques from across all of these disciplines—without splitting too many hairs about what makes them different—to try to tackle complex, ambitious imperatives that touch every part of their business. Organizations are desperate for internal leaders who have a strong vision for how to overhaul the experiences they offer to their customers. My research shows that experience design professionals are uniquely qualified to help them with these challenges, but we still talk about our work using such specialized, sectarian language that it makes it hard for others to recognize this.
In my talk at UX STRAT, I'll share some recent trends in the way organizations are approaching their experience design efforts and offer my thoughts on how experience design professionals of all stripes can step up to the bigger opportunities that are in front of them.
Paul: You're also conducting a workshop at this year's UX STRAT USA. What's it about?
What does a persuasive deck look like for a design leader who needs to gain the alignment of his or her peers in other disciplines? … What makes a good persuasion deck for design strategy?
Leah: I'm so excited about this workshop. It's called "How to Speak Strategy." The idea for this workshop started in an unlikely place. People often ask me, "How do I make the case for experience design?" For a long time, my advice was basically to construct a chain of evidence on the value of design. But, eventually, I began to think that, if you're trying to construct an argument for why design is important, you've probably already lost. Here's why: most impassioned arguments for design frame it as an effective problem-solving tool, giving all the supporting reasons we know and love—for example, because it helps you understand customer needs better, helps you save money, and helps you drive earnings. But who really cares about the problem-solving tool if they aren't deeply convinced of the problem?
In my experience, though, many design leaders are unfamiliar with the language and frameworks of strategy. So the intent of this workshop is to help with that. The particular structure for the workshop is inspired by the fact that so much corporate dialogue happens through a very particular and strange artifact: the presentation deck. This question anchors the workshop: what does a persuasive deck look like for a design leader who needs to gain the alignment of his or her peers in other disciplines? Or, more simply, what makes a good persuasion deck for design strategy? Over the course of the day, we'll dig into the elements of effective strategic communication, look at examples of what works and what doesn't, and work on real-life persuasion decks that attendees can base on their current work.
Paul: You've been focusing on business strategy and experience design for a few years now. Where do you think this combined field of interest that is UX strategy, which is the primary focus of UX STRAT events, is headed? In your opinion, where are we now and what's next?
One of the strongest voices for the relationship between strategy and design right now is coming from management consultancies. Old guard firms like McKinsey and BCG are setting up new labs and studios to enable a more agile, human-centered, test-and-learn approach to business strategy.
Leah: There's a lot of talk of about how these fields are interconnected—and some promising signals like MBA programs that are adding design-thinking curricula. But there are still precious few organizations that really commingle experience design with business strategy. In most organizations, experience design is still downstream.
What will really force these two disciplines into the same conversation more broadly is agility. Probably one of the strongest voices for the relationship between strategy and design right now is coming from management consultancies. Old guard firms like McKinsey and BCG are setting up new labs and studios to enable a more agile, human-centered, test-and-learn approach to business strategy.
Eventually, the assemblage of management consultants that advise senior leaders will amass in a resounding chorus, and the message will start to sink into corporate Strategy departments more broadly. But until then, companies will continue to look at firms that differentiate through experience design and wonder how they did it, trying to keep up by copying features and functions, while utterly skipping over the insight-focused research and strategy that lie at the core of experience design.
Paul: You've been conducting research on this topic for a while now. Can you tell us about your research? How can readers help?
I employ a blend of research methods—from qualitative interviews to quantitative studies and secondary-source research—to understand trends, best practices, and notable case studies across the fields that collectively make up the broader category of experience design….
Leah: Research is such a fancy term for what I've been doing. Other descriptions for what I do: keeping tabs on things, managing a fat Evernote account, mining for examples of goodness. But if you want to get specific about it, I employ a blend of research methods—from qualitative interviews to quantitative studies and secondary-source research—to understand trends, best practices, and notable case studies across the fields that collectively make up the broader category of experience design—User Experience, Customer Experience (CX), service design, and design thinking.
I did much of my past research while at Forrester, and it's available in reports on Forrester.com. A few of these Forrester reports are available online as a free courtesy from TandemSeven—for example, "How to Modernize User Experience" and "User Experience Capabilities Assessment." In my post-Forrester life, I continue to conduct research in this vein. In some cases, I do this research on behalf of clients; when I do my own research, I'll make it freely available online.
My most recent research project has focused on trends in User Experience. This is the discipline I cut my teeth on, so I remain very interested in how organizations conceive of User Experience, how they staff and budget for it, how they create operational conditions that enable—or thwart—it, and the benefits they see from it. I recently fielded a survey on the "The State of User Experience 2016" to gather data to answer many of those questions. Look for my analysis of that research—which I'll publish on Medium and my Web site—in the coming month.
If anyone is in an organization that's doing great experience design work and would like to share, I'm always looking for new people to connect with and learn from.
Paul: You previously spent some time as a Forrester analyst. What did you experience there? What are some takeaways from your time there?
The field of User Experience tends to be too weak on measurement, and the field of Customer Experience tends to be too weak on design.
No one group or discipline owns the notion of experience design—and when it does become a turf war, that's a red flag.
Insightful, rigorous qualitative research becomes that much more powerful when it is combined with quantitative data. I learned to love quantitative data.
Corporate design-thinking programs are multiplying like bunny rabbits. They must be handled carefully because they can become either a great marketing tool for investing more in a company's experience design capabilities or an excuse for not investing in a serious experience design program. It depends.
There's still a lot of confusion in North America about service design.
People are generous with their stories and often willing to divulge what they've learned to further the advancement of the experience design field.
Always write—and speak—to convey a message that's crafted for the smartest person in the room.
Be vigilant about avoiding using circular logic in arguments. Tautologies—whether verbal or written—are the hallmark of weak arguments.
Write in the active voice—though I still slip up sometimes.
While it's been important to examine our field from an outside perspective, and it's critical to understand the range of associated disciplines that are working together—and sometimes churning—inside organizations in pursuit of better experience design, ultimately, experience design people are my people. For me, personally, the further I work from these people, the less meaningful my work feels.
If you can't tell already, all of the many things I learned while at Forrester—and the ways in which I personally processed them—have directly informed both my talk and my workshop for UX STRAT.
Paul: More recently, you've struck out on your own to do consulting. What kinds of clients or projects are you most interested in?
I work with organizations to assess the maturity of their experience design operations, support their strategy and planning efforts, and provide training and coaching for their teams to improve specific skills that are fundamental to experience design.
Leah: You know how Simon Sinek says you have to start with why?
Well, I realized that the fundamental why at the heart of my career has really always been confidence. From writing The User Experience Team of One through my most recent work, I've essentially been exploring how to bring confidence and authority and a sense of leadership to the work of experience design. The focus of the User Experience Team of One was very much on the confidence of the individual practitioner. More recently, I've become interested in the confidence of design leaders—and even whole organizations—in their pursuit of experience design. That latter category is what my consulting is focusing on.
I work with organizations to assess the maturity of their experience design operations, support their strategy and planning efforts, and provide training and coaching for their teams to improve specific skills that are fundamental to experience design. A big part of my approach is employing the analyst's mindset and methods—applying industry-wide research and examining outside data and case studies—to help design-focused leaders make informed decisions and institute proven best practices for experience design.
If you're curious, there's more information on my Web site, Leah Buley Co.
I hope UXmatters readers can join us at UX STRAT in Providence, Rhode Island, in September. I think it's going to be a great program.
Paul: What closing thoughts would you like to leave us with?
Leah: I hope UXmatters readers can join us at UX STRAT in Providence, Rhode Island, in September. I think it's going to be a great program.
Paul: Thanks, Leah. I'm very much looking forward to hearing you speak at UX STRAT, and I also want to invite UXmatters readers to join us in Providence from September 14–16. It's a wonderful town, and the Biltmore Hotel is the perfect venue for this event. To take advantage of early bird pricing, register by July 31, 2016.


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Dr. Vittum will receive the Green Section Award on Feb. 7, 2015, at the USGA's Annual Meeting in New York. (USGA/Damian Strohmeyer)
The United States Golf Association today announced Dr. Patricia J. Vittum, of Amherst, Mass., as the recipient of the 2015 USGA Green Section Award. Presented annually since 1961, the USGA Green Section Award recognizes an individual's distinguished service to the game of golf through his or her work with turfgrass.
Vittum, a professor at the University of Massachusetts' Stockbridge School of Agriculture, has conducted significant research on the biology and management of turfgrass insects and the effectiveness of biological-control methods. A recognized industry leader, she is a widely sought-after resource for practical information about turfgrass pests.
"Dr. Vittum has the unique ability to be a hands-on researcher who can effectively communicate her work with practical advice for the field practitioner," said Dr. Kimberly Erusha, managing director of the USGA Green Section. "Her contributions to the study of turfgrass insects have helped to establish industry standards and best management practices. We are proud to recognize her accomplishments and celebrate her legacy."
A native of western New York, Dr. Vittum earned her undergraduate degree in chemistry from The College of Wooster (Ohio). She earned her master's and doctorate degrees at Cornell University, where she worked with Dr. Haruo Tashiro, an international expert in the biology of turf insects. Vittum also served on the USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Committee from 2002 to 2008.
Vittum joined the faculty of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1980, becoming a professor in 2000. She currently teaches classes on the use of pesticides in the environment and turf management programs. She was recognized with the Excellence in Teaching Award by the Entomological Society of America, Eastern Branch in 2004.
"Pat is an exemplary faculty member and a true leader," said Mary Owen, turf specialist and turf program coordinator at the University of Massachusetts Extension. "She has dedicated her career to advance the professionalism and competence of golf course superintendents and staff, with protection of the environment as a high priority."
Vittum's research has been published in several well-respected industry journals and publications. She is the principal author of the second edition of "Turfgrass Insects of the United States and Canada," which is widely regarded as the leading publication on turf entomology. She also co-authored the "Handbook of Integrated Pest Management for Golf Courses."
"When Dr. Erusha called to tell me about this honor, I was overwhelmed," said Dr. Vittum. "The list of previous honorees includes so many giants of the turf management world, including people from academia, USGA Green Section directors, and top-shelf golf course superintendents. I am honored and humbled to be joining their ranks as a recipient of the distinguished service award. This is the highest award to which I could aspire, and it is an incredible affirmation of the studies I have conducted as a turf entomologist and the years I have spent as an educator."
Vittum will receive the Green Section Award on Feb. 7, 2015, at the USGA's Annual Meeting and Service Awards in New York City.
The Service Awards dinner consolidates the presentation of many of the USGA's most significant honors into a single, inspiring event, highlighting the people and organizations whose selfless dedication and notable accomplishments have made an important contribution to the USGA and its mission to serve the game. In addition to the Green Section Award, the Joe Dey Award, Ike Grainger Award and Herbert Warren Wind Book Award will be presented at the dinner. The USGA's highest honor, the Bob Jones Award, will be presented in a public ceremony during the week of the 2015 U.S. Open Championship at Chambers Bay in University Place, Wash.
Through the work of its Green Section, which was established in 1920, the USGA has emerged as one of the world's foremost authorities on research, development and promotion of environmentally friendly practices and a more sustainable game. With a professional staff dedicated to these efforts, the USGA is among the leading agencies in the U.S. devoted to golf course turf, its playing condition and its management.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Alexander R. François (1820 - May 21, 1869) was a state legislator who served in the Louisiana State Senate during the Reconstruction era from 1868 until his murder in 1869.

Biography
François was born in 1820 in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana.
He worked as a planter, butcher and merchant and worked for the New Orleans Tribune.

He was elected to serve in the Louisiana State Senate in 1868 as a Radical, and he served until his death in 1869.

He was murdered by two white men who remained unpunished for the crime.
He was beaten for a long time with clubs in his own store in St. Marin and left to die.
He was taken to New Orleans where he sued the sheriff of St. Martin and his brothers and a nephew for assault and battery.
He died of lockjaw in immense pain on May 21, 1869.

He funeral was attended by Governor Henry C. Warmoth as well as many other office holders including members of the senate and house.
He had a catholic service performed at the Augustine Church in New Orleans by Father Joubert and was buried in the St. Louis cemetery.

He was one of two senators from the 1868-1870 legislative session to die in 1869, the other being John Randall.

François had a son Alexander R. François Jr. born 1842/3 who was a justice of the peace in Saint Martin Parish until he fled following his fathers murder.

See also
 African-American officeholders during and following the Reconstruction era

References

1820 births
1869 deaths
People from St. Martin Parish, Louisiana
African-American politicians during the Reconstruction Era
Louisiana state senators
Murdered African-American people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
For The Record: Quick News On Britney Spears, Mariah Carey, Fall Out Boy, Ghostface, Switchfoot, Moby & More
No 'Cruci-fixins' for Britney; Mariah enjoys eating in bed; Switchfoot plan tour.
MTV News Staff mtvnews 02/06/2006
Despite reports that Britney Spears' upcoming episode of "Will & Grace" has been canceled after protests from the American Family Association, an organization that, according to its Web site, "exists to motivate and equip citizens to change the culture to reflect Biblical truth," the show will still go on — just not as previously detailed. The description of Spears' character as a conservative Christian who wants to do a segment on cooking called "Cruci-fixins" on Jack's talk show was premature, NBC said Monday (February 6). "Some erroneous information was mistakenly included in a press release," the network clarified, stressing that the April 13 episode has yet to be written. ...
Mariah Carey says that the reason you'll hardly ever see her eating in public is that she likes to do that in bed instead. The singer tells Marie Claire (she's the mag's March cover) that she's not trying to be a "skinny twig," but she's "bad with the weight thing." "I go up and down really quickly, because I am a muscular person. People don't know that I have [well-defined biceps] and these could easily become weird bodybuilder arms," she said. People also don't know that she wears a bib when eating. "I am just like, 'Whatever, nobody is looking at me for once!' That's why I don't really like to eat in public. When people say, 'Mariah never eats in public,' I'm like, 'You're right.' " ... Sheryl Crow's engagement to seven-time Tour de France winner Lance Armstrong is off. The couple, who'd been dating for more than two years, announced their engagement last fall. "After much thought and consideration, we have made a very tough decision to split up," a statement from the couple reads. "We both have a deep love and respect for each other, and we ask that everyone respect our privacy during this difficult time." ...
Fall Out Boy are returning to "One Tree Hill" this month for sweeps. In an episode called "Just Watch the Fireworks," the band plays a breast-cancer benefit concert at Tric at the request of Peyton (played by former "TRL" VJ Hilarie Burton). The episode airs February 15 at 8 p.m. on the WB. ... A collaboration between Ghostface and Doom and two tracks from Xzibit's group Strong Arm Steady are among the highlights on a new compilation from Brooklyn, New York, indie hip-hop label Nature Sounds, due April 4. Titled Natural Selection, the album also features Raekwon, Chamillionaire, Ras Kass, Pete Rock and Masta Killa. ...
Switchfoot will return to the road for a late-winter club run starting on February 15 in Bakersfield, California. Only seven dates have been confirmed so far, and more are expected to be announced in the coming weeks. The band has planned stops in New Orleans; Orlando, Florida; Las Vegas; Austin, Texas; Tucson, Arizona; and Baltimore. ... New Jersey rockers Thursday are going with A City by the Light Divided as the title of their forthcoming album, which is scheduled for a May 2 release. The record's first single, "Counting 5-4-3-2-1," should hit rock radio airwaves next month. ...
The Yeah Yeah Yeahs are giving fans a little treat to nibble on while they wait for the band's new album, Show Your Bones, due March 28. In addition to unveiling the colorful red, yellow and purple-tinged album art for the follow-up to 2003's Fever to Tell, the New York trio have posted a stream of their new single, "Gold Lion," on their Web site, a day before the track is set to hit the iTunes music store. Two remixes of the single, produced by rapper Diplo and their own guitarist Nick Zinner, are slated for release on February 21 on iTunes ... Moby told a crowd gathered at PETA's fashion-week bash in New York on Friday that he feels like he's a "dilettante," because while he does what he can for animal rights, the activist group does "all the heavy lifting." Moby was one of several feted for their work for the cause, in his case, for promoting vegan recipes during the holidays. Pam Anderson, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Alan Cumming, Le Tigre and Nick Zinner were among those congratulating Moby, as well as Nellie McKay and Al Sharpton, who were also honored for their help in PETA's campaigns. ...
Al Lewis, the man who'll forever be known as "Grandpa Munster," died Friday night at the age of 82, according to New York radio station WBAI-FM, where Lewis hosted a weekly radio show. Lewis, who worked as a circus performer before doing time as a vaudevillian actor, got his start in television during the 1960s, first as Officer Leo Schnauzer on "Car 54, Where Are You?" Between 1964 and 1966, he played Grandpa — the hot-tempered father-in-law to Fred Gwynne's Herman Munster — on "The Munsters." In 1998, Lewis staged a failed bid for the New York governorship — he was the Green Party's candidate, and lost to incumbent George Pataki. ... British prog-rockers Th' Faith Healers will reunite in March for five shows, the first time the influential band will have performed together in 10 years. The brief tour kicks off in Austin, Texas, on March 17. ...
Paris Hilton's lost some of her property because of a payment dispute for her storage bill at a Los Angeles warehouse, and now an agent is offering to sell her locker's contents to the media — including 18 diaries, videotapes, computers, furniture, clothing, sex toys and photographs. David Hans Schmidt is offering the goods in an auction with the bidding beginning in the millions, even though he claims to have bought the contents at a public auction in December for $2,775. Hilton insists through her rep that the property still belongs to her, and that she's been victimized. They're threatening legal action against anyone in possession of the items. ...
Nick Lachey will release a song called "What's Left of Me" as the first single from his forthcoming, as-yet-untitled solo album. The song will be released online next week. ...
Simon Cowell has created a new "American Idol"-like reality show in search of a Las Vegas act. Cowell will executive produce but not serve as a judge on the show, set to debut on NBC in the summer. ... Madonna, who attended Jean Paul Gaultier's Paris fashion show last week, is having him design the costumes for her next tour, according to Women's Wear Daily. ...
Courtney Love appeared in a Los Angeles court Friday to present a progress report in her drug case, which noted that she had completed the house-arrest portion of her rehab sentence. The singer addressed the court, telling the judge she was grateful for the court's patience and that she feels like she's made a full recovery. Love's next progress report is scheduled for May 5, but she won't be required to appear. ...
Time to bust out the mini-grill. Houston rapper Paul Wall and wife Crystal are expecting a little champ of their own, according to his publicist. The couple, who married in October, will welcome their first child — a boy they will name William — in May. ... Maroon 5 guitarist James Valentine made a surprise onstage appearance Thursday at the kickoff of Rilo Kiley singer Jenny Lewis' solo tour at the Vista Theater in Los Angeles. Lewis' acoustic set also featured backup singers the Watson Twins and singer/songwriter Johnathan Rice, and included most of the tracks from her just-released Rabbit Fur Coat, including a stripped-down version of the title track. ...
Before Guns N' Roses, Axl Rose moved through a number of Los Angeles rock bands, including the early '80s group Rapidfire — with whom Rose recorded for the first time. GN'R fans have long wondered what became of those early recordings, which were put to tape in 1983 for a five-track demo. According to Rapidfire's Web site, those songs — "Ready to Rumble," "All Night Long," "The Prowler," "On the Run" and "Closure" — are now being mixed, "in preparation for their release." There's no definitive street date yet for the recordings, but the packaging will purportedly feature pre-tattoo photos of Axl. ... The late Tupac Shakur will be immortalized by Madame Tussauds in Las Vegas. Tupac's wax personification — shirtless and complete with bandana and tattoos — will be unveiled on April 5. ...
'NSYNC's Lance Bass is excited that his movie "Lovewrecked" — which he co-produced and has a cameo in — got picked up by the Weinstein Company. He wrote on his MySpace page, "Looks like it will be out this summer!" "Lovewrecked" stars Amanda Bynes and was directed by Randal Kleiser ("The Blue Lagoon," "Grease"). "This movie is his next 'Blue Lagoon,' " Bass wrote, "so lots of skin. Don't worry, it's PG-ish, moms!" ...


Yerba Santa is a Venusian herb, associated with divine goddesses, such as Hathor, Isis, Ishtar, and Astarte. You can burn it to enhance your physical beauty, and is the perfect smudge for use in glamour magick, or magick to empower the self. I like to burn it while I am getting ready fo go out- as a bonus, it also doubles as an herb of protection and warding off sickness!
A must have in any witch's arsenal.


As Mr Anderson wrote in his letter last week, we have a very busy term ahead.
To help keep you organised, we have updated the school calendar on this website with all of the dates (and more!) included in the letter.
The calendar is available by clicking on Parents, then selecting the Calendar page.


text:
Q: navigateUp() and popBackStack() not working. Instead, they reload the current fragment I am trying to navigate up the backstack. On calling the method view?.findNavController().navigateUp() and logging the destination using view?.findNavController().getCurrentDestination(), I see the function popping the current destination and then reloading it again. I don't understand why this could be happening yet I am doing the same in other fragments and it's working.

A: The issue came up because I was using LiveData to trigger the navigation. To avoid the issue, I have had to update the MutableLiveData before navigating so that it does not request to navigate back when I navigateUp from the destination.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Thread: 2019 SS SE (Ultra White) - X2 Shock Settings ... HELP!
Hi - brand new member here ... first post!
I'm picking up a 2019 SS SE (Ultra White) with the Fox X2 shocks and looking for some 'settings' advise. I live in Appleton, WI so will mainly be riding trails - also any 'layman's' explanation of what all the settings do would be a HUGE help ... Thanks in advance!
You are going to get a lot of different answers.
Dune riding. Slow rock climbing. Fast fire roads.
Weight - some carry spare tires, etc. Some are running bigger and heavier tires.
I wrote my current settings down with stock tires and 2 people.
And I will bring those home with me next weekend.
Setting your sag and cross-over distance is step one.
The car should sag about 25-30% of the travel fully loaded.
But I would drive the car a bit, get the springs settled and suspension worn in.
I run slower and wanted more compliant than stock. I have backed everyting off a bunch and disconnected sway bars. It is more flexible, has more body roll but is very compliant on trails. If you flat track around and drift corners you might not like the sway bars disconnected.
It is certainly worth some experimenting.
Basically settings for low or high shaft speeds. Lot of variables so there really is no 1 size fits all. The comfort setting was a good starting point for my '19 in alabama trails. I pulled most of my HSC out and a little looser on LSC. Still feels like it could use a little more LSR front and rear. Set a baseline, run the same trail, and try to make 1 change at a time and rerun. Document all your changes as it is real easy to forget or get backwards on adjustments as there are so many.
Last edited by dgarris; 03-18-2019 at 03:28 PM.
Hub67 and Relhok like this.
Your right, it's for the 17 and 18 SE and won't work for you. The 19's softened up the spring rates so only take advise from someone with another 19 or you'll be all screwed up.
I have a 19 SS SE. Here's what I am running, I have only had one serious trip and I tuned the whole trip and I am running dunes so it will be different. I would suggest you start tuning asap and you will figure out what works for your terrain.
Start off soft, set your preload where you want it for your ride height, set as low as possible ride height, Write down your existing settings and start tuning, making notes on each adjustment. Good luck!
2019 YXZ SS SE, 2007 Redline Revolt with Yamaha Nitro Motor, KTM300XC, Specialized Kenevo, those are my toys.
You are correct - I thought they changed the spring rates (softer) on the 2019. I've reached out to Fox for some suggestions as well. Can't wait to do some tuning!
Video: 2017 SS SE (X2) in "aggressive" settings - any thoughts/recommendations?


text:
// Type definitions for bootstrap-menu 1.0
// Project: https://github.com/dgoguerra/bootstrap-menu
// Definitions by: Alexandre Paré <https://github.com/superheri>
// Definitions: https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped
// TypeScript Version: 2.3

/// <reference types="jquery" />

declare namespace BootstrapMenu {
    interface BootstrapMenuOptions {
        /**
         * Container of the context menu, where it will be created and where event listeners will be installed.
         */
        container?: string | undefined;

        /**
         * What the source of the context menu should be when opened. Valid values are *mouse* and *element*. Defaults to *mouse*.
         */
        menuSource?: BootstrapMenuSource | undefined;

        /**
         * How to calculate the position of the context menu based on its source. Valid values are *aboveLeft*, *aboveRight*, *belowLeft*, and *belowRight*. Defaults to *belowLeft*.
         */
        menuPosition?: BootstrapMenuPosition | undefined;

        /**
         * The event to listen to open the menu. Valid values are *click*, *right-click*, *hover*. Defaults to *right-click*.
         */
        menuEvent?: BootstrapMenuEvent | undefined;

        /**
         * Obtain specific data about the currently opened element, to pass it to the rest of user-defined functions of an action.
         */
        fetchElementData?: ((jqueryElement: JQuery) => BootstrapMenuRowElement) | undefined;

        /**
         * Array or object containing the list of actions to be rendered in the context menu.
         */
        actions: { [key: string]: BootstrapMenuActions } | ReadonlyArray<BootstrapMenuActions>;

        /**
         * Array to group actions to render them next to each other, with a separator between each group.
         */
        actionsGroups?: ReadonlyArray<ReadonlyArray<string>> | undefined;

        /**
         * Message to show when there are no actions to show in a menu
         * (isShown() returned false on all actions)
         */
        noActionsMessage?: string | undefined;

        /**
         * In some weird cases, another plugin may be installing 'click' listeners
         * in the anchors used for each action of the context menu, and stopping
         * the event bubbling before it reachs this plugin's listener.
         *
         * For those cases, _actionSelectEvent can be used to change the event we
         * listen to, for example to 'mousedown'.
         *
         * Unless the context menu is not working due to this and a workaround is
         * needed, this option can be safely ignored.
         */
        _actionSelectEvent?: string | undefined;
    }

    /**
     * Every function attribute is called before rendering the menu each time it is opened.
     * If `fetchElementData` was defined, these functions will receive as first argument its returned value for the currently selected element.
     */
    interface BootstrapMenuActions {
        /**
         * The name of the action.
         */
        name: string;

        /**
         * Handler to run when an action is clicked.
         */
        onClick: (rowElement: BootstrapMenuRowElement) => void;

        /**
         * Optional, Font Awesome class of the icon to show for the action.
         */
        iconClass?: string | undefined;

        /**
         * Optional, classes to add to the action.
         */
        classNames?: string | object | (() => string | object) | undefined;

        /**
         * Optional, decides if the action should be shown or hidden in the context menu.
         */
        isShown?: ((rowElement: BootstrapMenuRowElement) => boolean) | undefined;

        /**
         * Optional, decides if the action should appear enabled or disabled in the context menu.
         */
        isEnabled?: ((rowElement: BootstrapMenuRowElement) => boolean) | undefined;
    }

    type BootstrapMenuSource = "mouse" | "element";

    type BootstrapMenuPosition = "aboveLeft" | "aboveRight" | "belowLeft" | "belowRight";

    type BootstrapMenuEvent = "click" | "right-click" | "hover";

    type BootstrapMenuRowElement = any;
}

declare class BootstrapMenu {
    /**
     * @param selector Css selector of the element to attach the Menu to
     * @param options Options to configure the menu
     */
    constructor(selector: string, options: BootstrapMenu.BootstrapMenuOptions);

    /**
     * Close the menu and remove every event listeners
     */
    destroy: () => void;

    /**
     * Close the context menu
     */
    close: () => void;
}

export = BootstrapMenu;


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}

Within the currently accepted paradigm for structure formation,
galaxies form through a complex series of mergers and accretion events
in a beaded filamentary network of dark matter halos and subhalos.
The cooling and condensation of gas within these dark matter hosts
leads to the visible signatures by which we recognize galaxies
\cite{1977MNRAS.179..541R,1977ApJ...211..638S,1978MNRAS.183..341W,1980MNRAS.193..189F,1984Natur.311..517B}.
While this broad picture has received impressive support in recent
years, many of the detailed processes remain poorly understood.  In
particular the manner in which feedback alters the rate at which gas
cools and the coupling between the angular momentum of the gas and the
dark matter -- both of which effect the sizes and shapes of disks --
are outstanding problems in galaxy formation.  We still cannot form
realistic looking disk galaxies from an {\it ab initio\/} simulation
in a cosmological context.

This lack is important not just for our understanding of galaxy
formation, but also because it impacts upon one of the most important
probes of structure formation and cosmology: weak gravitational
lensing (see \cite{2006glsw.book..269S} and references therein).  A
key assumption of most weak lensing analyses is that galaxies are
randomly oriented. If the shapes of the observable parts of galaxies
depend on their large-scale environment then this assumption is
violated with potentially serious consequences for inferences derived
from weak lensing methods.  The sensitivity of weak lensing to
violations of the random-orientation hypothesis is stronger if one
attempts to use lensing tomography \cite{1999ApJ...522L..21H}, as
essentially all proposed surveys wish to do.

There is agreement within the theoretical community that the {\it shapes\/}
of dark matter halos do exhibit alignment correlations, driven by the
environment in which they form.  This alignment is thought to be the
theoretical analog of the alignment correlation seen for massive elliptical
galaxies by
\cite{2002MNRAS.333..501B,Lee:2001vz,2004MNRAS.347..895H,2006MNRAS.370.1008M,2008arXiv0811.1995F}
and the models found in \cite{Heymans:2006nu} are in good agreement
with these latter measurements. These alignments seem to persist to very large
scales ($\sim$ 50 Mpc) which may indicate that the commonly adopted
approximation of Gaussian tidal fields with negligible non-linear effects
might not be fully justified \cite{2002astro.ph..5512H,2008ApJ...681..798L}.

Both the observational case for, and the theoretical models of, the
alignment of disks or angular momentum directions is less settled.
Standard assumptions are that galactic disks lie perpendicular to the
angular momentum direction of the baryons, or the inner halo, or the
entire halo.
Some hydrodynamic simulations show that that there is a strong, but not
perfect, correlation between the angular momentum vector of gas and that
of the dark matter halos hosting the galaxy \citep{2002ApJ...576...21V}.
Other simulations indicate that while the disk is very well aligned with
the halo orientation in the inner regions of the dark mater halos
(at distances less than 10\% of the virial radius), the angular momenta
between the inner and outer regions are essentially uncorrelated
\cite{2005ApJ...627..647B}.
In any case, it is reasonable to assume that the degree of alignment of
galaxies with large-scale structure is smaller than that between dark matter
halo angular momenta and the structure.  One way of searching for such a
signature is to look at the orientation of angular momentum vectors on the
outskirts of cosmic voids.
The gravitational evolution of matter fluctuations in the cosmological
context tends to make under-densities (voids) rounder, while evolving
over-densities (halos) into more elongated structures
\cite{2004MNRAS.350..517S}.
This larger degree of symmetry in the voids makes more amenable to analysis.
The theoretical situation here is also complex, though $N$-body simulations,
in general, find a very small or negligible correlation between the angular
momentum of the inner parts of dark matter halos in thick shells around voids
and the direction to the center of the void.  In particular, the
authors of references \cite{Heymans:2006nu} and \cite{Patiri:2005ys}
found no alignment.  The authors of reference \cite{Brunino:2006ym}
found an alignment only in very thin shells around the void for halos
with quiescent merging histories, not for the thicker shells used in
most observational work.
They also claim very strong numerical requirements for the method to converge.
On the other hand, the authors of \cite{Cuesta:2007it} found an alignment if
they considered the outer parts of the halo in their calculation of the
angular momentum (but not the inner regions alone), even with thick shells
and less stringent numerical requirements than \cite{Brunino:2006ym}.
Reference \cite{Hahn:2007ui} does not study the same problem, but
those authors found that halos in sheets tend to have angular momenta
parallel to the sheets, though the overall level of alignment is low.
In \cite{Paz:2008na} the authors find a range of behaviours ranging
from angular momentum pointing in the direction perpendicular to the
structure, to no-alignment, and then to a regime where the angular
momentum is contained by the plane defined by the surrounding
structure, depending on the halo mass.

Given this theoretical background, the observational situation is intriguiging.
Recently \cite{2006ApJ...640L.111T} presented a measurement from the 2dFGRS and
SDSS that spiral galaxies located on the shells of the largest cosmic voids
have rotation axes that lie preferentially in the void surface.
The strength of this alignment was much higher than all measurements of angular
momentum correlations of dark matter halos in $N$-body simulations, which as
we argued above are expected to be an upper limit to the correlations of
galaxies.
In this paper we try to update this analysis with the most recent SDSS data.

\section{Theory}

The most commonly invoked theory for the origin of galaxy spins is known
at the Tidal Torque Theory (TTT)
\citep{1969ApJ...155..393P,Dorosspin,1984ApJ...286...38W,1988MNRAS.232..339H,1996MNRAS.282..436C},
which essentially states that the dark matter spins up as a result of
coupling of the local quadrupole moment of matter distribution to the
shear field, giving
\begin{equation}
  L_i(t) = a^2(t) \dot{D} \epsilon_{ijk} T_{jl}I_{lk},
\end{equation}
where $a$ is the scale factor of the Universe, $D$ is the growth
factor and $\epsilon_{ijk}$ is the Levi-Civita symbol. The local
inertia tensor $I_{ij}$ of the protohalo (the mass that will later
form the dark matter halo) in Lagrangian space is given by
\begin{equation}
  I_{ij} = \bar{\rho_o} \int_V q_i q_j {\rm d}^3 q,
\end{equation}
where $q_i$ are the Lagrangian coordinates around the centre of mass
of the halo and $\rho_o$ is the mean density.  The local shear tensor
$T_{ij}$ is defined by
\begin{equation}
  T_{ij} = \partial_i \partial_j \phi (\vec{q}),
\end{equation}
where $\phi$ is the gravitational potential.

Lee and Pen \cite{2000ApJ...532L...5L} have proposed the following simple
ansatz for the relation between the galaxy spin vector $\vec{L}$ and the
shear tensor $\vec{T}$
\begin{equation}
\left\langle \hat{L}_i \hat{L}_j \right\rangle =
  \frac{1+c}{3}- c \widehat{T}_{ik}\widehat{T}_{kj},
\label{eq:lee}
\end{equation}
where $\hat{\vec{L}}=\vec{L}/|\vec{L}|$ and $\widehat{T}$ is
defined by
\begin{equation}
  \widehat{T}_{ij} = \frac{\tilde{T}_{ij}}{\tilde{T}_{kl}\tilde{T}_{kl}},
\label{eq:rescale}
\end{equation}
with $\tilde{T}_{ij} = T_{ij}-{\rm Tr}(\vec{T}) \delta_{ij}/3$.  The
parameter $c$ which can take values between 0 and 1 describes the
effect of non-linearities. The value of $c=3/5$ corresponds to
$\vec{T}$ and $\vec{I}$ being fully uncorrelated. This ansatz is
derived from ``marginalising'' over all possible moments of inertia in
the limit that the tidal field and moment of inertia are completely
uncorrelated. The parameter $c$ was then introduced to account for the
randomizing effects of small-scale physics.

We can now build a simple toy model for the behaviour of angular
momenta in the vicinity of voids within the context of TTT and ansatz
of Equation \eqref{eq:lee}. Assuming a sharp boundary, the potential
just outside the void is
$\phi \propto +1/r$ in comoving coordinates. Taking derivatives,
evaluating the resulting $T_{ij}$ at $(0,0,1)$ and rescaling according
to the Equation \ref{eq:rescale}, one obtains
\begin{equation}
  \widehat{T}={\rm  diag}(\,-1/\sqrt{6},\ -1/\sqrt{6},\ +2/\sqrt{6}\,).
\end{equation}
This result now holds for any $\widehat{T}$ in the frame of its
eigenvectors, with $\hat{z}$ pointing in the radial direction. Using
Equation \eqref{eq:lee} we then find
\begin{equation}
 \left\langle L_i L_j\right\rangle =  C_{ij} =  {\rm diag}
  \left(\,\frac{2+c}{6},\ \frac{2+c}{6},\ \frac{1-c}{3}\,\right).
\end{equation}
Following the literature, we next assume that the probability
distribution function for $\hat{L}$ can be described as a Gaussian,
with zero mean and second moments $\left\langle L_i L_j\right\rangle$:
\begin{equation}
P (\hat{L}) = \frac{1}{\left(2\pi\right)^{3/2} \det {\rm C}}
\exp\left[-\frac{\hat{L} {\rm C}^{-1} \hat{L}}{2}\right].
\end{equation}

Writing $\hat{L}$ in spherical coordinates and integrating over radial
and azimuthal coordinates, one can obtain the probability distribution
function for $P(\theta)$, where $\theta$ is the remaining zenith
coordinate, namely the angle between the axis of $\hat{\vec{L}}$ and
radial direction from the centre of void:
\begin{equation}
P(\theta) =  \sin \theta\ \frac{2 (1-c) \sqrt{2+c}}{\left( 2 + 3 c \cos^2
    \theta - 2c \right)^{3/2}}.
\label{eq:1}
\end{equation}
In this equation, $P(\theta)$ is normalised so that the probability
integrates to one over the interval $\theta=0\ldots\pi/2$.  For $c=0$,
$P(\theta)=\sin \theta$, which is a purely geometrical factor. A
result applicable to a more general settings can be found in
\cite{2004ApJ...614L...1L}.

The purpose of this paper is to test whether there is any evidence
that $P(\theta)$ deviates from the simple sine form in the vicinity
of voids and if so, what values can the associated parameter $c$
take. We stress again that the voids boundaries are not sharp (as seen in
the Figure \ref{fig:voidplot2}), but fitting the Equation \eqref{eq:1}
to the data should nevertheless give some idea about the size of the
parameter $c$.

\section{Data and method} \label{sec:data-method}

Our method is essentially the same as that of
\cite{2006ApJ...640L.111T} and is composed of three steps.  First we
identify the voids in the SDSS data.  Second, we locate spiral
galaxies in the vicinity of these voids. Third, we investigate if the
distribution of spin axes of nearly face-on or edge-on galaxies is
inconsistent with random distribution. These steps are discussed in
more details in the following subsections. Throughout we use
concordant cosmology with $\Omega_\Lambda=0.75$, $\Omega_m=0.25$ and
the reduced Hubble's constant $h=H_0/100 {\rm km/s/Mpc}=0.7$.  Our
data come from the 6th data release of the SDSS
\cite{2000AJ....120.1579Y,2008ApJS..175..297A} and we use the Value
Added Galaxy Catalog (VAGC) \cite{2005AJ....129.2562B} to obtain the
volume-limited samples that are used to find voids. We limit ourselves
to the northern galactic cap.

\begin{figure}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ploth21.eps}\\
\vspace*{0.4cm}
  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ploth22.eps}

  \caption{This figure shows the distribution of voids sizes for
    $m_L=-21$ (top) and $m_L=-22$ (bottom). Note that the minimum
    void size is an input parameter for the void finder and equals
    to 10 and 14 Mpc/$h$ respectively.}
  \label{fig:voidplot1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{voidsc21.eps}
  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{voidsc22.eps}

  \caption{This figure shows how the mean number density of galaxies
    change as a function of distance from the void centre scaled by
    the void radius for the $m_L=-21$ (top) and $m_L=-22$ (bottom)
    samples.  Error-bars are derived from Monte Carlo simulations in
    which void centres are randomly positioned within the volume limited
    catalogue and are approximate and heavily correlated.}
  \label{fig:voidplot2}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Void Finder}

The void finder is conceptually based on the HB void finder of
\cite{Patiri:2005ys}. We start by creating a volume limited catalogue
of galaxies.  We create two volume limited catalogues, depending on
the limiting absolute extinction-corrected $r$-band Petrosian magnitude,
which we choose to be either $m_L=-22$ or $m_L=-21$.  We use only
parts of the survey where the survey completeness described by the
SDSS parameter \texttt{FGOTMAIN} is above 0.82 and randomly remove
galaxies to make the sample uniformly complete at this level.  In
addition we also use the VAGC's random catalogues to create random
catalogues with the same selection function as the main catalogues,
but with about ten times as many points. We then find voids using the
following algorithm.

\begin{enumerate}
\item Pick a random point in the survey volume. Locate four closest
  neighbours in the real catalogue. Determine the sphere that is
  defined by these four points.

\item Find if any other real galaxies are inside the sphere. If so,
  diminish the radius accordingly.

\item If the sphere's radius is less than $10$ Mpc$/h$ for the
  $m_L=-21$ or $14$ Mpc$/h$ for the $m_L=-22$, discard it and go
  back to 1.

\item Count the number of random points inside the sphere and if this
  number is more than two sigma below the number expected given the
  number density of random points, discard it and go back to
  1. Moreover, if the first moment of radial vectors of random points
  inside the void is inconsistent with random, discard them and go
  back to 1.  This step essentially ensures that the void is fully
  within the survey.

\item Compare the void candidate to the existing voids. If it touches
  any of the existing voids, then discard the smaller of the two.
  Check if the new void touches any other voids and discard those as
  well.  This ensures that two close small voids are merged into a
  bigger one if possible.
\end{enumerate}

This process is repeated for all random points. Its result is a
catalogue of non-overlapping spherical voids that contain no galaxies
that are brighter than $m_L$ (though less bright galaxies can be in the
voids).  Although not strictly ensured by the algorithm, we find that the
order in which random points are taken does not matter - the number of
void solutions that are affected by this is less than 0.5\%.
Some basic properties about the voids the we find are tabulated in the
Table \ref{tab1}.

\begin{table*}
  \begin{tabular}{c|ccc|ccc}
& & $m_L=-21$ & & & $m_L=-22$ & \\% $m_L=-21$ random \\
\hline
Number of voids & & 438 & & & 447 &   \\%861 \\
Minimum void radius & & 10 Mpc$/h$ & & & 14 Mpc/$h$ &  \\%10 Mpc/$h$ \\
Maximum void radius & & 17.8 Mpc$/h$ & & & 21.4 Mpc/$h$     &  \\%18.3 Mpc/$h$   \\
redshift range  & &  0.169 -- 0.183 & &  & 0.111 -- 0.123 &  \\%0.111-- 0.123 \\
\hline
& face-on & edge-on & both & face-on & edge-on & both \\%both\\
\hline
Number of galaxies & 255 & 323 & 578 & 151 & 107 & 258 \\%1364 \\
Na\"{i}ve $\chi^2$ & 25.0 & 16.4 & 17.6 & 21.8 & 20.0 & 22.5 \\% 25.3\\
MC derived $\chi^2$ & 23.9 & 14.1 & 16.8 & 20.0 & 18.5 & 21.8 \\% 22.6\\
\hline
Constraints on $c$ & &  $c<0.11(0.13)$  & & & $c<0.16(0.19)$ &\\
  \end{tabular}
  \caption{This table shows the basic properties of voids that we find
    in our data and the resulting $\chi^2$ values for null
    model. The null model has no degrees of freedom and there are 20
    datapoints. The 95\% limits correspond to $\chi^2$ of 9.6 -- 34.2.
    The bottom section shows 95\% (99.7\%) limits on the $c$ parameter.
    See text for discussion.
  }
  \label{tab1}
\end{table*}

To aid systematic checks we also form an ensemble of random void
catalogues. In this catalogue we take the real number of voids and
their radii and distribute them non-overlappingly, but otherwise
randomly within the survey volume.

Throughout we ignore the distinction between real space and redshift
space. Since our voids are relatively large and separated from
high-density peaks, this should be a relatively safe approximation.

We plot basic properties of our voids in Figures \ref{fig:voidplot1}
and \ref{fig:voidplot2}. These are here to illustrate the properties
of our voids in broad brushes and to show the dependence of voids on
the void-finding algorithm properties. The main thrust of this paper
is to analyze the properties of galaxy spins in the vicinity of voids;
we will return to properties of voids in a forthcoming publication.

\begin{figure*}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{R21.eps}
  \caption{This figure shows the measured probability distribution for
    the angle $\theta$ in the $m_L=-21$ sample. Panels show results
    corresponding to face-on only (top), edge-on only (middle) and
    combined (bottom) spiral galaxies. The dashed black line
    corresponds to the theoretical expectation $p(\theta)=sin \theta$,
    while the solid red-line corresponds to the Monte Carlo
    results. The jaggedness in the red line is real and not a
    numerical artifact. Points are measurements with Monte Carlo
    derived errorbars. Dotted green lines are theoretical predictions
    for the models with $c=0.1,0.3,0.5$.}

  \label{fig21}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{R22.eps}
  \caption{Same as Figure \ref{fig21} but for a catalogue of voids
    derived from $m_l=-22$ volume limited sample.}
  \label{fig22}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Galaxies in the vicinity of voids}

We next locate spiral galaxies that reside in the vicinity of
voids. We now again work with the full SDSS catalogue and select
spiral galaxies by a colour cut $g-r<0.6$, where $g$ and $r$ are model
magnitudes from the SDSS pipeline. Spiral galaxy is considered to be
at the edge of a void if its distance to the void centre is between
$r_{\rm void}$ and $r_{\rm void}+r_{\rm taper}$, where $r_{\rm
  taper}=4{\rm Mpc}/h$ is the taper length. We limit ourselves to
either face-on or edge-on galaxies. To determine the inclination of
the galaxy, we use the adaptive moments $e_+$ and $e_\times$ from the
SDSS photometric data reduction and calculate the axis ratio $q$ using
\cite{Ryden:2003vd}:
\begin{equation}
  q = \left(\frac{1-e}{1+e} \right)^{1/2},
\end{equation}
where $e=\sqrt{e_\times^2+e_+^2}$. Galaxies whose $q>0.96$ are deemed
to be face on and those with $q<0.27$ are edge one. These criteria are
somewhat more relaxed than those of \cite{2006ApJ...640L.111T}, but
visual inspection of a random sub-sample ensured that we are indeed
selecting face-on and edge-on spiral galaxies. For face-on galaxies,
we assumed that the angular momentum axis is aligned with the radial
direction toward the galaxy. Similarly, for the edge-on galaxies it was
assumed to lie in the plane perpendicular to the radial direction and
along the galaxies apparent minor axis. The latter was again inferred
from the SDSS photometric reduction using the isophotal angle in the
$r$-band and again visually confirmed to be measuring the correct
quantity.

For the sample of galaxies and voids we then measure the probability
distribution function for $\theta$, the angle between galaxy spin and
the radial vector from the centre of the void toward the galaxy. Since
the axis of the galaxy's spin vector is a spin-2 quantity, the angle
is constrained to lie between 0$^{\circ}$ and 90$^{\circ}$. We
therefore measure the probability distribution function for this angle
in 20 bins of uniform size in this range. The distribution of $\theta$
should follow $\sin \theta$ is our sampling of galaxies around voids
would be random and if there were no edge effects associated with
voids. However, in practice, while the voids were required to lie
within the survey, the voids fattened by the taper radius might lie
outside survey. Moreover, the cosmic web makes the sampling of
positions non-uniform. In order to correct for these effects, we
Monte-Carlo (MC) our errorbars as follows. For all galaxies that lie
in the vicinity of void, including those that are neither face-on or
edge-on, we randomly permute their spin vector properties and
calculate the resulting $p(\theta)$ for an ensemble of
permutations. The question we are therefore asking is: given the
number of face-on, edge-on and remaining galaxies in the vicinity of
voids, what is the probability that this distribution is not random?
Using Monte-Carlo simulations we calculate the number of galaxies
expected in each $\theta$ bin and the correlations between adjacent
bins. Moreover, under assumption of Gaussianity, this allows us to
calculate the exact $\chi^2$ by inverting the correlation
matrix\footnote{Note that since the total number of galaxies is fixed,
  the full covariance matrix is singular. We solve this by removing
  one data point, which does not affect the $\chi^2$ value.}.

\section{Results} \label{sec:results}

Our main results are plotted in  Figures \ref{fig21} and \ref{fig22}.
These figures show the expected signal in red solid line. This was derived
using Monte Carlo simulations explained in the previous section. The
jaggedness in the line is real and corresponds to the concrete
distribution of cosmic web around the particular voids that we find.
The plotted errorbars are also derived from the Monte Carlo Simulation.

It is clear already from the picture, that there is no strong evidence
for departure from expected signal. We quantify this in Table
\ref{tab1}.  In this table we quote two different $\chi^2$ values. The
na\"{i}ve $\chi^2$ are calculated assuming that the number of galaxies
in each bin is Poisson distributed and that bins are independent. The
Monte-carlo derived $\chi^2$s use the mean values for null theory
derived from the Monte Carlo simulations and evaluate $\chi^2$ taking
in account the full covariance properties from MC samples.  Since
there are twenty data-points at which we estimate $p(\theta)$, we note
that there are no detections at greater than $2$ sigma.

We note that the correctly calculated $\chi^2$ is in fact surprisingly
close to the na\"ively calculated one. In fact, this is due to the
large number of voids that can be found using the DR6 dataset. If we
artificially limit the number of voids, the difference can be much
larger. For example, taking the first 50 voids of the $m_L=-22$
sample, the $\chi^2$ for face-on galaxies drops from $45.3$ using
na\"{i}ve $\chi^2$ to $17.9$ using MC $\chi^2$ with
twenty degrees of freedom. This corresponds to a drop from over 3
sigma detection to less than 1 sigma. It is therefore crucial for the
spinologist's peace of mind that $\chi^2$s are calculated robustly.

Next we calculate limits on the parameter $c$, which are also shown in
the Table \ref{tab1}. Two magnitude bins give very strong, but also
very similar constraints on $c$.

\subsection{Systematics}

It is possible that there is some crucial aspect of the analysis which
is adversely affecting our results. We therefore compare the
stability of our results with respect to the following tweaks to our
data reduction and find no significant change in our results:
\begin{enumerate}

\item \emph{Including galaxies inside the void.}

\item \emph{Considering just galaxies inside the void.}

\item \emph{Changing the major to minor axes ratios required for
    face-on and edge-on criteria.} In particular, we tested using the
  same $q$ ratios as \cite{2006ApJ...640L.111T}, namely $q>0.978$ for
  face-on and $q<0.208$ for edge-on.

\item \emph{Removing the color cut}. This significantly increases our
  catalogue of galaxies, which becomes heavily contaminated by
  ellipticals.
\end{enumerate}

\section{Discussion \& Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusions}

In this paper we have reconsidered the alignment of galaxy spin axes
in the vicinity of voids. We find no statistical departure from random
for the orientation of galaxy spin axis in the vicinity of
voids. Expressed in terms of the $c$ parameter, we find very stringent
limit on $c<0.11\ (0.13)$ at 95\% (99.7\%) confidence limits. These
limits assume a toy model with perfectly spherical voids and sharp
edges. These are only approximately true in reality, but the numbers
that we report should give an idea about the size of allowed values of
$c$.  Our limits are consistent with most $N$-body simulations, but there
is some tension with the largest signal found by \cite{Cuesta:2007it}, which
is $c\sim0.15$.

Our results are also inconsistent with previous results of
\cite{2006ApJ...640L.111T}, who find $c=0.7^{+0.1}_{-0.2}$.  The reasons
for this discrepancy are not immediately clear, but we note that the
catalogue that we use is considerably larger and has a much better
filling factor that dramatically increases the number of voids. It
possible that the results of \cite{2006ApJ...640L.111T} were simply a
statistical fluctuation.

When compared to the $N$-body simulations, the tidal torque theory seems to
give qualitatively, but not quantitatively correct results
\citep*{Porciani:2001db,Porciani:2001er}. The ansatz of Equation \eqref{eq:lee}
is perhaps less universally applicable.  It was found to work reasonably well
in early data \cite{2000ApJ...543L.107P}; however, there was recently a
tentative detection of correlation of spin vectors that should vanish in this
theory \cite{2008arXiv0809.0717S}.
In this paper we find $c$ is consistent with zero.
Moreover, there does not seem to be good evidence for decoupling of scales
between the tidal field and the local moment of inertia; a simplistic
$k$-counting gives the same scale dependence.
Finally, it is not clear whether the parameter $c$ should have one universal
value or be an environment or scale-dependent variable.

On the basis of our revisiting the alignment of galaxy spins in the vicinity
of voids we are again able to reconcile results from $N$-body simulations with
observations.
This is especially important in the light of the forth-coming weak lensing
surveys; a nagging discrepancy between simulations and observations might lower
our trust in corrections and systematic errors due to intrinsic alignment that
are derived from $N$-body simulations.
While more work must be done, the outlook is currently quite positive.

\vspace*{2cm}

\section*{Acknowledgements}

AS acknowledges funding from Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics.

\bibliographystyle{arxiv}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
S C Stein
1Publication
Cortical injury without ischemia produced by topical monoamines.
Stein1,
Cracco2
SUMMARY Responses to monoamines perfused over the cortical surface through modified pial windows were monitored in 106 cats. Norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) were diluted in mock CSF to concentrations of 50 and 500 ng/ml respectively, levels at or near the maximum concentrations to which the cortical surface might be exposed in subarachnoid hemorrhage or damage to nearby neurons. Each cat had simultaneous one-hour perfusions of monoamine solution over one hemisphere and a control solution over the other hemisphere thus serving as its own control.The perfusion solutions were observed to be restricted to the area of the pial window, and minimal histological damage was seen with the perfusion technique. The 5-HT perfusions were associated with an almost 20% narrowing of small pial arteries and arterioles but no significant effect on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cortical water content or cortical function as monitored by EEG and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP). In contrast, NE caused cortical edema and changes in the EEG and SEP's without significant vascular effect. These results suggest a non-ischemic toxicity of NE released by subarachnoid hemorrhage or cerebral damage.Stroke, Vol 13, No 1,1982 THERE has been considerable interest in recent years in the roles of two monoamines, norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), in normal and pathological cerebral events. Both are present in the brain at concentrations adequate for physiological function and are widely considered to act as neurotransmitters. 15 Fluorescent histochemical techniques have demonstrated NE and 5-HT in axon terminals of the cerebral cortex, to which they project from brainstem neurons. 610Some investigators have assigned a physiological role in cerebral blood flow (CBF) control to NE 11,12 and 5-HT, 13 and this concept has been supported by observed effects of both agents on pial vessel diameter. 1417 It has been suggested that these monoamines, released by subarachnoid hemorrhage, are responsible for arterial spasm, diminished CBF, and impaired neurological function. 1820 Disturbances in concentration and metabolism of these monoamines in the cerebral cortex and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been found not only in subarachnoid hemorrhage 21 " 23 but also in cerebral anoxia 2427 and in head trauma.28 " 31 It has been suggested that the release or redistribution of cortical NE and 5-HT are involved in the enlargement of ischemic and traumatic lesions.22,32 " S4Attempts to study the effects of exogenous monoamines on the brain have been hampered by cerebral inaccessibility. Given parenterally, NE and 5-HT cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poorly or not at all. 35" 41 The value of monoamine injections and infusions into the ventricles and subarachnoid cisterns is limited by their rapid clearance with CSF flow 4244 and by the inability to control their distribution or to identify their sites of action. 48 51 may be complicated by blood pressure changes or the presence of other subst...


text:
Health experts excited by the potential of 'transformational' technology
Sir Puka on the panel at the APEC Discussion Series.
Technology has potential to transform primary health care in Papua New Guinea according to local and international experts at a public discussion held during APEC Health Security Week.
The fourth event in the APEC Discussion Series at the Precinct included a keynote speech by Dr Shin Young-soo, World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Director, and a panel discussion that featured Hon. Sir Puka Temu CMG KBE MP, Minister for Health and HIV/AIDS, and Dr Vivian Lin, former World Health Organization (WHO) Director for Health Sector Development.
The event coincided with APEC Health Security Week and was the fourth iteration in the series, which has offered unprecedented public access to local and visiting experts on APEC topics – including economic integration agriculture and health.
The conversation was centred on primary health care and the panellists were quick to highlight the relevance of the 2018 APEC theme – 'Harnessing Inclusive Opportunities, Embracing the Digital Future' – to health in Papua New Guinea.
Sir Puka said Papua New Guinea has the potential to make a technological leapfrog and cover the country with health care services.
"Harnessing technology is so critical for us," he said, "in Rwanda they use drones to deliver vaccines at a 300 mile radius – that's transformational, as long as on-site there's a health worker that can disperse the vaccine. Tele-health or tele-medicine can be used when an obstetric nurse is having a difficult delivery. The obstetrician is ready in a regional hospital to guide that nurse on how to deliver safely."
Sir Puka Temu also said the health of people across the country depends on both investment in health services and supporting infrastructure.
"mHeath is not an expenditure item – it is an investment item. We invest in the health of the nation," he said.
"The bulk of positive health outcomes don't come from direct health interventions – they come from non-health interventions," he continued.
In his keynote address, Dr Shin said primary health care is crucially important for health security for all people, but that building these health services is neither easy nor quick.
"It takes time to build and maintain the right physical infrastructure, to train the workforces, and ensure good planning and links to other parts of the health system," he said.
"Right now there is an outbreak of polio in PNG and this is a perfect example of the need to keep investing in primary health care to ensure that every man, woman and child gets essential services – such as immunisations.
Dr Vivian Lin and Sr Celine Yakasere provide perspectives on the importance of primary health care.
According to the WHO, the rise of mobile of technologies, applications and cellular networks has the potential to improve and permanently alter the way health services are delivered, and Dr Vivian Lin believes innovation can support health workers to communicate successfully with communities.
"Health – apps on the phone – can, in real-time, let you know how many people are waiting at all the emergency departments and what the waiting time is. That helps people actually make choices about where they may go," Dr Lin said.
Dr Lin also said that community partnerships are vital for formal health care systems to function well.
"One of the really important things about primary health care is that it's not just about individuals seeking care – it's about engaging with communities," she said.
"When people build trust then we can see a much stronger response from the community to a range of health issues."
The APEC Discussion Series is hosted by the PNG APEC Secretariat and the Pacific Leadership and Governance Precinct. The APEC Series continues on 5 September with an event themed: 'Women in Leadership'.


This table tells you what you want to know but doesn't burden you with any extraneous data. The query is somewhat tedious to write, however. To avoid ambiguity, you can qualify the column names with the names of the tables they came from. Typing those table names repeatedly provides good exercise for the fingers but has no other merit.
In this example, E is the alias for EMPLOYEE, and C is the alias for COMPENSATION. The alias is local to the statement it's in. After you declare an alias (in the FROM clause), you must use it throughout the statement. You can't use both the alias and the long form of the table name in the same statement.
In this example, the alias for T1 is T2, and the alias for T2 is T1. Admittedly, this isn't a smart selection of aliases, but it isn't forbidden by the rules. If you mix aliases with long-form table names, you can't tell which table is which.
This statement performs an equi-join on three tables, pulling data from corresponding rows of each one to produce a result table that shows the salespeople's names, the amount of sales they are responsible for, and their compensation. The sales manager can quickly see whether compensation is in line with production.
Storing a salesperson's year-to-date sales in a separate YTD_SALES table ensures better computer performance and data reliability than keeping that data in the EMPLOYEE table. The data in the EMPLOYEE table is relatively static. A person's name, address, and telephone number don't change very often. In contrast, the year-to-date sales change frequently (you hope).
Because the YTD_SALES table has fewer columns than the EMPLOYEE table, you may be able to update it more quickly. If, in the course of updating sales totals, you don't touch the EMPLOYEE table, you decrease the risk of accidentally modifying employee information that should stay the same.