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/Friday Videos /
Execution methods – From boiling to pressing
Following on from last week's Claire Chats video talk on hanging, drawing and quartering, this week I'm looking at other methods of execution used in England, and also Scotland, during the Tudor period. Brutal times!
I mention how the Scottish beheading machine, the Maiden, still survives today and you can see a photo of it at https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/the-maiden/.
Notes, Sources and Further Reading
A forum discussion on death by boiling - http://www.kenthistoryforum.co.uk/index.php?topic=15975.0
Stacy, William R. (1986) Richard Roose and the Use of Parliamentary Attainder in the Reign of Henry VIII, The Historical Journal, 29, I, p1-15
Kesselring, K.J. (September 2001) A Draft of the 1531 'Acte for Poysoning', The English Historical Review Vol. 116, No. 468, pp. 894–899.
'The Chronicle of the Grey Friars: Henry VIII', in Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London Camden Society Old Series: Volume 53, ed. J G Nichols (London, 1852), pp. 29-53. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/camden-record-soc/vol53/pp29-53
'Henry VIII: May 1535, 1-10', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 8, January-July 1535, ed. James Gairdner (London, 1885), pp. 242-262. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol8/pp242-262, also documents 895 and 566 in the same volume - for details on the suffering of the Carthusian martyrs.
Morris, John (1872) The troubles of our Catholic forefathers related by themselves, Burnes and Oates, London. This includes John Mush's account of Margaret Clitherow's execution, as well as a biography of her. Read online at https://archive.org/details/troublesourcath00morrgoog, p. 331 onwards.
The Origins of Judicial Hanging - http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/origins.html
Tudor Justice: The Horrors of Execution - https://tudorstuff.wordpress.com/2009/03/30/tudor-justice-the-horrors-of-execution/
Timeline of capital punishment in Britain - http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/timeline.html
Knox, John (1899) The history of the reformation of religion within the realm of Scotland, Adam and Charles Black, London, p. 5-6. Read online at https://archive.org/details/historyofreforma00knoxuoft
The Maiden, National Museum of Scotland - https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/the-maiden/
The Maiden, Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maiden_(beheading)
ed. Pitcairn, Robert (1833) Ancient criminal trials in Scotland, Compiled from the original records and mss.; with historical illustrations, &c., Volume II, Part Second, Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh, p. 448-450. Read online at https://archive.org/details/ancientcrim42pt202pitcuoft
Moore, James (2016) The Tudor Murder Files, Pen and Sword.
Posted in : Friday Videos
Tags : execution methods , Tudor executions
URL for this post : https://www.tudorsociety.com/execution-methods-from-boiling-to-pressing/
There are 4 comments Go To Comment
R / April 23, 2018 at 7:49 am
In Halifax in Yorkshire something similar to the Maiden pre dated and existed and the method of execution could be adapted for certain crimes. One famous method was for cattle theft, the blade was dropped when four oxen were driven away from the machine and raised the other way.
In Italy you could be executed by being strapped inside a wheel and spun around with the spokes sticking into you until you died.
On Death Machines they showed a variation on hanging, drawing and quartering were your guts were attached to a hook and a crank used to draw them out, like a long string of sausages. You could live up to two hours if they didn't then kill you by beheading or cutting out your heart.
The Romans had a quirky method of execution, in addition to crucifixion and throwing you to the lions, were they are said to have cut you in two end to end with a saw. However, after failing demonstrations, it is now believed this was a myth and such a method of execution was impossible.
Even when the short drop was introduced in the later Victorian age, if the executioner didn't weigh the prisoners properly he miscalculated and the poor person chocked instead of dying quickly. The executioner in Walton, Liverpool would turn up drunk and often got it wrong. He was eventually dismissed, but not before he had botched several hangings. As you say, Claire, you could hang for numerous offences, and this reached a zenith under the George's, with 200 hanging offences. Any theft worth 40 shillings automatically saw a person hang and any theft of or from property over five shillings could see you hang. Jack the Lad escaped death three times by escaping from the condemned cell and getting out of jail, but he got betrayed by a partner in crime and aged 23 was eventually hung for burglary. His partner, who had been freed after dobbing him in, was arrested again a few weeks later for another crime and hung. The character of the Artful Dodger in Oliver Twist was based on him.
Burning at the stake was also the death sentence for women who committed treason and for women who killed their husbands. However, in Russia, women who killed their husbands were buried alive.
< / Post Author April 23, 2018 at 12:48 pm
I'll have to look into that Halifax machine, thank you. It's awful the things that the human mind can think up! Thank you for sharing those.
R / April 24, 2018 at 12:05 am
You're welcome. What scares me is how complacent we can become when talking about such horrible, painful things that our ancestors inflicted on each other. Maybe when watching or reading our brain knows it is not real, as in happening now, live, but if we saw an execution, I am certain we would be horrified. They went to watch these things as if it was nothing. Some people must have had sympathy, but most people sound like a baying mob.
C / November 28, 2018 at 5:46 pm
Just wondering if by Hanging in Chains, the weight of the chains on one's body would put enough force to break the condemn's neck thus making death quick. This was very well researched Claire. enjoying your talks.
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Electrical accidents are more common than what is normally perceived. While a huge majority of electrical accidents are minor to mild in its severity yet there are several cases every year in California including that can get extremely serious and also fatal at times.
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The denturist program at George Brown College, in Ontario, Canada, is a full-time program and accepts international students. At the time of publication, the program costs 16,870 Canadian dollars ($14,097). You will have additional costs for books, laboratory clothing and protective equipment. Coursework includes removable prosthodontics, gerontology, oral pathology and managing a denturist practice. In addition, their International Denturist Education Center is a distance-education program for people with a dental technology background, denture clinic or dental laboratory who cannot complete a full-time program.
ShellyG. "Denturist Colleges." Synonym, https://classroom.synonym.com/denturist-colleges-7952752.html. Accessed 21 April 2019.


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'Rome' Movie in the Works?
Rome Movie in the Works?
Bruno Heller wants to create theatrical closure to his critically beloved and prematurely canceled HBO drama Rome, according to The Hollywood Reporter.
"There is talk of doing a movie version," he said. "It's moving along. It's not there until it is there. I would love to round that show off."
The lavish period drama ran for two seasons on HBO, which co-produced the series with the BBC. With the final season of The Sopranos as its lead-in, the first season was solidly rated, but high production costs presented the network with a tough call on the pickup. HBO opted for a second season to help get more value from its initial investment but not a third, effectively canceling the show in summer 2006 before the second season debuted the following January. The Rome sets were destroyed, and the actors were released from their contracts, making the decision all but irreversible.
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One seeming drawback to revisiting the show after its wrap was the demise of a key lead character, Lucius (Kevin McKidd). Yet Heller reveals that the character's off-camera fate was far from fatal.
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No production date has been set.


For almost 40 years, Washington Academy has been helping students succeed in school and in life. Our school believes in President Obama's educational philosophy that students need to be college and career ready. But don't take our word for it. The Star-Ledger (NJ Advanced Media) wrote an article about one of our former students and the impact he has had not just in the professional world, but in building a solid family for himself.
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New Jersey's public and charter school system happens to be ranked in the Top 3 States in the U.S., which means the quality isn't the issue, but the ONE SIZE FITS ALL model does not meet the needs of many special needs students.
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But the proof is in the Numbers!
Most Parents/Families and School Districts hope that students can transition back to LRE (public/charter) schools within 5 years. But transition success is individual and what works for one student, may not work for another.
In 2015, Washington Academy decided to meet that invididual challenge with an innovative Transition Planning Program for students enrolled in Other Out-Of-District Schools. With Parental Consent, School Districts sent IEPs to see if students qualified for this new program. Nine students were accepted and nearly 35% of those students transitioned back to Public/Charter schools within 12-18 months.


Marie-Laure has pursued a long-term interest in epigenetic research through graduate and post-doctoral research at Imperial College London. She became involved in strategically fashioning and launching the European Epigenome Network of Excellence, in partnership with Thomas Jenuwein and the governing board. Since then she contributed to shaping other successful EU funded projects in RNA research and the development of post-genomic technologies. Her latest endeavour has been as editor of the Epigenetics textbook published by CSHL Press.


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Home > Latest News and Research > News and Comment > Manifesto for Democracy: Modernising Local Government
Hefyd ar gael yn: Cymraeg
Manifesto for Democracy: Modernising Local Government
Jessica Blair, ERS Cymru Director
Campaigns:
ERS Cymru
Local government in Wales is all too often 'pale, male and stale' – uncontested seats are widespread and incumbent councillors are often favoured by the current First Past The Post system. We need electoral reform if we want local governments that reflect the diversity of the areas they serve and make sure everyone's vote counts. That's why we're calling for major local government reform here in Wales.
The last elections in 2017 continued a pattern of a lack of representation in terms of both diversity and voter choice.
Just 28% of councillors elected in 2017 were women. Throughout 2017 and 2018 two local authorities had all-male cabinets.
Under a one-person-takes-all system, people found their votes weren't being effectively represented. In Cardiff, Labour received 53% of seats with just 36% of the vote. In Conwy, the Conservatives took just 27% of seats despite securing 37% of the vote, while Plaid Cymru took 17% of seats with just 8% of the vote.
This all adds together to create a situation where there is a stark disconnect between voters and the councillors that represent them. Either because they are largely male, older and have often held seats for a number of years, or because people feel their votes haven't counted and their voices haven't been heard. At the last local elections turnout fell to just 42%.
Local authorities across Wales provide some of the basic services that enable a community to thrive. From ensuring transport to school, to delivering social services for elderly people, local government is at the very heart of how our lives are run. That's why it must be responsive to voters' views in a more direct way'
Fair results shouldn't be optional
In terms of how to reform local elections in Wales, initial steps have been made in the Local Government and Elections (Wales) Bill, which proposes a model of 'permissive PR' where individual councils can choose to move to using STV as the voting system for their elections.
We have major concerns that this will not be enough to address the democratic deficit within Welsh local government. It is likely that very few councils will opt to reform themselves, as their members quite clearly benefit from the unfair status quo of winner-takes-all results.
What we need to see is a full move to STV similar to what happened in Scotland, where STV has been used in local elections since 2007. Successive local elections there under a new system have shown an increased level of proportionality, far higher voter choice and voters getting quickly used to the system.
In terms of diversity, it's time for progress. Councils are not currently representative of the diversity seen in their constituencies. We have long called for the introduction of quotas in local government. Given the difficulty in regulating independent candidates, this must start initially within the party structure with parties putting forward a much higher number of female candidates.
One of the major barriers to addressing a lack of diversity in local government in Wales is the paucity of accurate data around the demographics of candidates and those elected. We have long been calling on the UK Government to enact Section 106 of the Equality Act, but in the absence of that parties should commit to collecting and publishing their own data. The next Local Government Minister should commit to ensuring all Electoral Registration Officers collect this data as part of the registration process for candidates.
Mechanisms to support candidates from other groups less likely to be represented should also be introduced. The current Welsh Government has been working on introducing an Access to Elected Office Fund. We are keen to see this implemented and done so in a way that ensures it goes beyond the model used in England. This fund could provide access to elected office for people with a range of disabilities, people from BAME and LGBT communities, and those for whom financial barriers would normally stop them standing.
Manifesto ask 2: Further reform of local government to include the full rollout of STV for local elections in all authorities. Parties should also commit to decisive measures to promote diversity, such as gender quotas, collecting and publishing diversity data, and a far-reaching Access to Elected Office Fund to include support for people from a much wider set of backgrounds than current provisions. Quotas, in particular, are essential to ensure we do not continue to see low numbers of women elected in Local councils.
Image: Yerpo, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Manifesto for Democracy


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Utah Open Gun Carry Laws Explained – 2021
The right of citizens to own and carry guns and firearms has become an intensely debated topic in recent years. With gun violence an ever-growing problem, many states have imposed stricter gun control regulations. However, other states, including Utah, remain steadfast in their beliefs that citizens should have more freedom to own and carry guns for their own protection. Utah's open gun carry laws are very relaxed compared to some other jurisdictions, but there are serious consequences for violations of gun licensing and permit laws.
Generally, adults in Utah can freely carry guns on their person. Gun owners at least 21 years of age do not necessarily need a permit to openly carry a gun. Adults aged 18 to 20 may need to request a permit but may also freely carry their guns. Utah also places fewer restrictions on the types of guns that can be carried. While other states restrict open carry laws to handguns or similar firearms, Utah has no such restriction. Even though Utah's gun laws are a bit more permissive, there are still gun control regulations that must be adhered to. Every year, citizens of Utah have their gun rights restricted or revoked because they violated the law.
If you are a gun owner in Utah or wish to become a gun owner, our legal team can help you. Our Salt Lake City gun attorneys can review the relevant laws and information with you to help you get a license to carry a gun. We can also help you if you believe you were wrongfully charged with violating Utah's gun laws. Schedule a free legal consultation with Overson Law, PLLC today. Call (801) 758-2287 to get started.
Do I Need a License or Permit to Carry a Gun in Utah?
According to Utah Code § 76-10-500, unless state law provides otherwise, no citizen of Utah is prohibited from owning or possessing any firearm that is lawfully obtained or under their control. Additionally, no citizen is required to obtain a license or permit to buy or own a gun. While this law appears to freely permit anyone and everyone to carry a gun unchecked, the state does impose certain regulations and restrictions on gun ownership.
Generally, a person who is at least 21 can apply for a permit to carry a concealed firearm. Permits are granted as a rule unless there is proof that the applicant meets specific criteria, making them eligible for restriction. People as young as 18 may apply for a provisional permit to carry a concealed firearm, although they might be subject to a few additional restrictions. Provisional permits expire when the permit holder turns 21, and a full permit may be issued.
While permits and provisional permits are often issued with little difficulty, some applicants may find themselves denied if they meet certain criteria. The law establishes certain conditions or circumstances that make a person restricted from owning, purchasing, or carrying a gun. As long as you do not meet any of these criteria, you are unlikely to have any trouble obtaining a lawful permit. For more information about obtaining a permit to openly carry a gun, call our Utah gun license attorneys.
Gun Licensing Requirements in Utah
Essentially, there are almost no gun license or permit requirements in Utah. As long as a permit holder is at least 21 years old or 18 years old for provisional permits, there are largely no restrictions. As mentioned previously, in Utah, no citizen or lawfully admitted alien would be prohibited from owning, buying, or keeping a gun or firearm. The law specifically mentions that purchasing, possessing, transporting, or keeping a firearm does not need a permit to be lawful.
Keep in mind that being granted a license to carry a gun in Utah does not mean you can carry a gun everywhere you go. Certain places, like schools or government buildings, may be restricted zones that do not permit any firearms on the premises. While you may lawfully carry a firearm, you cannot carry your firearm into certain restricted places.
While there are no restrictions for being issued a permit to carry a gun, there may be restrictions on certain classes or categories of people. For example, people with certain criminal convictions or a history of violence may be denied a permit. As long as these conditions do not exist, obtaining a permit typically comes with no roadblocks. Contact our Utah gun license attorneys for help and guidance.
People Restricted from Carrying a Gun or Firearm in Utah
Most people will be free from restrictions when applying for a license to carry a gun or firearm. However, people who are designated as "restricted" may be denied. People may be either a Category I restricted person or a Category II restricted person. While both categories are equally prohibited from obtaining a firearm permit, the consequences may be harsher for Category I restricted persons as their restrictions tend to be more serious.
There are numerous reasons a person might become restricted and prevented from obtaining a license to carry a gun. However, most restrictions apply to people with various criminal histories and backgrounds. Law-abiding citizens with no criminal records are unlikely to be Category I or II restricted persons. Call our Utah gun permit lawyers for more information.
Category I Restricted Persons
A Category I restricted person is an applicant for a gun permit who:
Was convicted of a violent felony, including arson, certain forms of assault, stalking, child abuse, certain domestic violence offenses, criminal homicide, kidnapping, certain sex offenses, robbery, and more,
is currently on probation or parole for any felony,
is on parole from secure care for juveniles,
was adjudicated within the past 10 years as a juvenile for an offense that, if committed by an adult, would be a violent felony,
is an alien who is not legally present in the United States, or
is on probation for illegal possession of a Schedule I or II controlled substance.
Category II Restricted Persons
Category II restricted persons are also prohibited from obtaining a permit to carry a gun. However, Category II tends to include lesser offenses and more minor reasons for restrictions. A Category II restricted person may be an applicant who:
has ever been convicted of any felony not included in the list for Category I,
was adjudicated within the last 7 years as a juvenile for an offense that would a felony is committed by an adult,
is found to be a user of unlawful controlled substances,
possess a dangerous weapon while also knowingly and intentionally possessing a Schedule I or II controlled substance,
was found not guilty by reason of insanity for a felony,
was found mentally incompetent to stand trial for a felony,
was adjudicated as mentally defective or has been committed to a mental institution,
was dishonorably discharged from military service,
has renounced their United States citizenship,
is bound by a protective order or child protective order for offenses related to child abuse or domestic violence, or
was convicted of assault or aggravated assault against a former or current spouse, parent, cohabitant, or someone with whom they share children.
Can Non-Residents Carry Guns in Utah?
States, in compliance with numerous federal laws, may legislate gun control regulations as they see fit. This means that different states may impose different restrictions on who may and may not be issued a permit to openly carry a gun. Non-residents of Utah who live in the state may not necessarily be issued a gun permit by Utah. However, certain states recognize permit reciprocity with Utah, so some non-residents may lawfully carry a gun in Utah.
According to Utah Code § 53-5-704(4)(a), a non-resident of Utah must meet all the qualifications previously mentioned. In addition, non-residents who live in states that share reciprocity with Utah regarding gun permits must show that they do indeed hold a concealed weapon permit from their home state. They must also submit a copy of the permit to the State of Utah when applying for a Utah gun permit.
A non-resident who submits false information to obtain a Utah gun permit will be denied a concealed weapon permit for 10 years. Such false information could include fake records showing a clean criminal history when in reality, the applicant has a felony record.
The rules for non-residents may be suspended for non-resident military service members who must report for duty in Utah. Similarly, the rules for non-resident applicants will not apply to a non-resident service member's spouse. If you are not a Utah citizen but reside in Utah, call our Utah gun permit attorneys for help applying for a permit.
Losing Your Utah Open Gun Carry License
The state may determine that a particular applicant should be granted a permit to carry a concealed weapon, but that permit could be revoked at a later time. A person who has a lawful permit to carry a concealed weapon may have that permit suspended or revoked for certain legal violations.
Under the Utah Code § 53-5-704(2)(a), a permit could be revoked or suspended for criminal convictions, changes in a person's mental health, or becoming a Category I or II restricted person. To have your permit revoked or suspended, you must be convicted of a felony or a crime of violence. However, not all convictions must be felonies. Convictions that involve alcohol or drugs may also cause your permit to be revoked or suspended. Not only that, but if the state adjudicates you as mentally incompetent, your permit will be revoked.
The state does not necessarily need a criminal conviction to justify a suspension or revocation of someone's permit to carry a gun. The state may also revoke a permit if the permit holder demonstrates patterns of violent behavior or participates in violent incidents. A criminal conviction is not required.
If you believe your permit to carry a concealed weapon was wrongfully revoked or suspended, contact our Utah gun permit attorneys for help.
Penalties for Open Carry Law Violations in Utah
Obtaining a permit to carry a weapon might be relatively easy for someone with a clean criminal history and no other legal hang-ups. However, guns are not permitted to be carried everywhere. Certain places, like school zones, prohibit firearms even if you have a lawful permit.
According to the Utah Code § 76-10-504, it is against the law to carry a concealed weapon on your person that is readily accessible and not securely enclosed or encased in any place other than your home, property, or vehicle. If the gun is unloaded, you may be guilty of a Class B misdemeanor. If the gun is loaded, you may be guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.
Different weapons carried in unlawful ways can be met with different penalties. If you carry a concealed, short-barreled shotgun or rifle that is unlawfully possessed, you can be charged with a second-degree felony. A person who uses a concealed firearm in the commission of a violent felony may also be charged with a second-degree felony.
In Utah, A Class B misdemeanor may be penalized with a jail term of no longer than 6 months and a fine of up to $1,000. If you are guilty of a Class A misdemeanor involving a loaded weapon, you can be punished with a jail term of not more than 364 days and a fine of no more than $2,500. For a second-degree felony conviction, you could spend at least 1 year and up to 15 years in prison and be made to pay up to $10,000 in fines.
If you believe you have been wrongfully charged with a crime involving your lawfully possessed firearm, call our Utah gun permit lawyers for help as soon as possible.
Contact Our Utah Gun License Attorneys
If you would like to apply for a permit to carry a gun in Utah, or if you were charged with criminal offenses related to the unlawful possession of a firearm, our legal team can help. Contact our Utah gun permit lawyers at Overson Law, PLLC for a free legal consultation. Call (801) 758-2287 to get started today.
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The information on this site is for general information purposes exclusively. Information on this site shouldn't be taken as legal advice for individual cases or situations. It does not create, and receiving or viewing will not constitute, attorney-client relationships. Past results are not indicative or intended to demonstrate an expectation of future results. ©2021 All Rights Reserved.
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The Executive Council meeting will be held December 5-8, in the Pinnacle Boardroom, Penthouse Level, of the Crowne Plaza Hotel, 101 Lyon Street, Ottawa. The meeting will start at 9:00 a.m.
The National Union Management Consultation meeting will be held on Thursday, December 8th at 1:30 p.m. in the same room.
The Hospitality Suite will be in rooms 2501-2503 and will be available from Sunday, December 4th.
Please send your reports, agenda items and supporting documentation to Pierrette preferably by e-mail at labriep@ute-sei.org or by fax to the National Office by no later than Monday, November 21, 2005.


MADISON — When a Tulane University satellite campus opens Tuesday in Madison, Miss., only three of the classes that were set for a June start will begin.
Branch director Sherry Chance tells the Madison County Herald that a "bureaucratic glitch" canceled seven summer courses.
Richard Marksbury, dean of Tulane's School of Continuing Studies, says the U.S. Department of Education has not yet certified the campus as an institution eligible for federal student loans.
He says there was miscommunication between Tulane and the U.S. Department of Education. He says it was not Tulane's fault.
Marksbury says the three classes beginning on Tuesday will cover both summer semesters, and their students don't need financial aid to pay the three-hour course fee of $846.


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february,2020
SOLD OUT - Lecture: The Lost Art of Wentworth Woodhouse The Georgian Group 6 Fitzroy Square, Fitzrovia
tue18feb6:30 pmSOLD OUT - Lecture: The Lost Art of Wentworth WoodhouseLecture by Peter Brown6:30 pm The Georgian Group, 6 Fitzroy Square, FitzroviaBook now
£15 In the second of Peter Brown's two-part lecture series on Wentworth Woodhouse, he re-imagines what the mansion would have looked like in its heyday. When the Fitzwilliam family moved out of
In the second of Peter Brown's two-part lecture series on Wentworth Woodhouse, he re-imagines what the mansion would have looked like in its heyday. When the Fitzwilliam family moved out of the house in the 1940s, a series of sales saw much of the contents distributed around the globe. Some 200 paintings and engravings, by the likes of Van Dyck, Reynolds, Stubbs and Lely, plus masterpieces by Guercino, Guido and Andrea del Sarto, were dispersed, together with 400 pieces of furniture, including works by Wright & Elwick, and some important silver, designed by Paul Crespin, Robert Adam and James 'Athenian' Stuart. But perhaps the most significant collection to be lost was an assembly of sculpture, collected in the main by the 2nd Marquis during the period 1750-82. Amongst the 130 recorded pieces were important antique works of art from Herculaneum and Tivoli, together with superb 18th-century copies after the antique by the best Italian and British sculptors.
Peter Brown, former Director of Fairfax House and York Civic Trust, has spent the last few years researching the history of the country houses of Yorkshire and, in particular, Wentworth Woodhouse. He is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and Research Associate at the University of York.
Doors open 6.15pm, talk starts 6.30pm (inc. wine). All welcome
Please read our Terms and Conditions before booking
6 Fitzroy Square, Fitzrovia
Get tickets for this event


License Agreement - SunGard Trust Systems Inc. and Pinnacle Management & Trust Co.
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Scram: This is a really fun game for two players that is played in two parts.
The Object: To score a higher score than your opponent after you've each had a turn as "scorer" and "stopper".
The Scoring: Each player throws one dart at bullseye, closest to the bullseye chooses to be the "stopper" or the "scorer". The "stopper" always goes first.
Players names are written in order across the top of the board with the numbers 1 through 20 and bullseyes written down the center of the board dividing the board into two columns.
The Play: The "stopper" plays first and throws three darts into different numbers. Each number that is hit is "stopped". Stopped numbers are shown by placing an X next to the numbers. Any part of the number may be hit to stop it.
After the stopper throws, the scorer now tries to score as high a score has possible with three darts. Any numbers that have been stopped, do not count towards a score. Any other numbers that have not been stopped count in the usual way. The thin inner "triples" ring counts as three times the number hit and the thin outer "doubles" ring counts as twice the number hit. Bullseyes count as 25 points and the double-bullseye counts as 50.
The scorer's score is kept as a running total and written on the scorer's side of the board. Once all the numbers and the bullseyes have been stopped, the round is over. The roles now reverse and the original stopper tries to score points while the original scorer stops numbers.
Whoever has the higher total at the end of two rounds wins the game.
Strategy: Use your opponents strenghts and weaknesses against him/her. For example, I can't hit 18's to save my life but I can't be stopped on 16's and 19's. So, if you were playing me and new this, you should try to stop 19's and 16's first and let me flounder on the 18's all I want. Obviously it is important to try to stop the higher numbers first, though.


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February 2022 Promotions & Entertainment
New Members Play Up To $200 On Us!
New Seminole Wild Card members can play up to $200 on us! It's as easy as 1-2-3:
Sign up for a Seminole Wild Card at the Player's Club.
Insert your new card into your favorite slot machine and begin playing.
Receive your actual slot loss back from your first day on your next visits in two equal Free Play offers, up to $200 in Free Play total.
Brookstone Bluetooth Speaker Giveaway
Friday, Feb. 4, from noon to 8 p.m.
Players who earn 120 tier points on the day of promotion will be eligible to receive a Brookstone Bluetooth speaker. This gift must be picked up between noon and 8 p.m. in the Hollywood Hall. One gift per person, while supplies last. See Player's Club for details.
Down Alternative Comforter Giveaway
Thursday, Feb. 10, from noon to 8 p.m.
Players who earn 120 tier points on the day of promotion will be eligible to receive a down alternative comforter. This gift must be picked up between noon and 8 p.m. in the Hollywood Hall. One gift per person, while supplies last. See Player's Club for details.
$30,000 Valentine's Giveaway
Monday, Feb. 14, from 6 to 10 p.m.
Three winners will be selected every 30 minutes for their chance to win up to $5,000 in Free Play.
Capitan Morgan or Bacardi Rum Giveaway
Wednesday, Feb. 16, from noon to 8 p.m.
Players who earn 120 tier points on the day of promotion will be eligible to receive a bottle of Captain Morgan or Bacardi rum. This gift must be picked up between noon and 8 p.m. in the Hollywood Hall. One gift per person, while supplies last. See Player's Club for details.
Hand Mixer Giveaway
Friday, Feb. 18, from noon to 8 p.m.
Players who earn 120 tier points on the day of promotion will be eligible to receive a hand mixer. This gift must be picked up between noon and 8 p.m. in the Hollywood Hall. One gift per person, while supplies last. See Player's Club for details.
Mystery Gift Giveaway
Players who earn 120 tier points on the day of promotion will be eligible to receive a mystery gift. This gift must be picked up between noon and 8 p.m. in the Hollywood Hall. One gift per person, while supplies last. See Player's Club for details.
$10,000 Bonus Times Tournament
Saturday, Feb. 26, from 8 p.m. to midnight
Players who earn 80 Tier Points on the day of promotion can play for a chance to win up to $1,000 Free Play.
Inverted Umbrella Giveaway
Sunday, Feb. 27, from noon to 8 p.m.
Players who earn 120 tier points on the day of promotion will be eligible to receive an inverted umbrella. This gift must be picked up between noon and 8 p.m. in the Hollywood Hall. One gift per person, while supplies last. See Player's Club for details.
Music and Entertainment
Performances are at the Stage Bar
La Linea
Peter Betan
8 to 11 p.m.
Streetlight
Manny Diquez
David Morin
11:55 p.m. to 3 a.m.
Whitestone Band
Khemistry
FM Band
Tim Bluntson
Tony Cruz
Laura V
Jacin Paul
Atticca
Playstreet
April Raquel
Chris Alvy
High Tolerance
12 to 3 p.m.
Bolero Falaz
11:55 p.m. to 3:30 a.m.
Vintage Band
Nikki Kidd
Play Street
Ricardo Sounds Groove
Florenza
Create Your Own Pasta Meal
Thursdays from 6 to 11 p.m.
Create your own pasta bowl at Slice every Thursday from 6 to 11 p.m. Pair your favorite pasta with your choice of sauce with an accompaniment of focaccia bread for only $13.
Slice: Savor freshly made pizza, homemade meatballs and much more!
Open Sunday through Thursday 11 a.m. to 1:30 a.m. and Friday and Saturday 11 a.m. to 3:30 a.m. and located within EATstreet.
Mojoe: Enjoy a cup of aromatic coffee, a variety of pastries or a sandwich made fresh to your liking.
Open 24 hours and located within EATstreet.
Soygood: Indulge in authentic Asian food including potstickers, beef pho, pad thai and lo mein.
Open Monday through Sunday 11 a.m. to 1:30 a.m. and located within EATstreet.
Flying Cow: Enjoy a juicy burger cooked fresh to order with all the toppings you like or six large chicken wings sauced and tossed in your choice of 5 delicious flavors from El Diablo hot to a milder Honey Garlic. But we don't stop there! Enjoy other items like the Wicked Chicken Sandwich, Philly Cheese Steak, Chicken Tender Salad and much more! Upgrade your meal with a Classic Fry and Soda for $3.50.
Open Monday through Thursday 11 a.m. to 1:30 a.m., Friday and Saturday 11 a.m. to 4:30 a.m., and Sunday 11 a.m. to 3:30 a.m.
Side Bar: Grab an ice-cold beer or your favorite drink as you take in the action on the casino floor.
Stage Bar: Enjoy live music, light bites and a cocktail menu highlighting local favorites and premium spirits. The ultimate stop to watch all your favorite teams, Stage Bar boasts eight high-definition televisions.
Open Sunday – Thursday 10:30 a.m. to midnight, and Friday & Saturday 10:30 a.m. to 2 a.m.
Seminole Classic Casino Gift Cards
Share the Seminole Classic Casino experience with friends and family. Seminole Gaming Gift Cards can be used at any Seminole property and are good for dining, hotel accommodations, entertainment and spa treatments. Seminole Gaming Gift Cards cannot be used to purchase slot play or casino chips. For more information visit www.DoClassic.com, call 954-316-2829 or visit participating locations.
About Seminole Classic Casino
Seminole Classic Casino pioneered Indian gaming when it opened as the country's first large stakes bingo hall in 1979, eventually expanding with gaming machines and poker. The recently renovated landmark casino is now home to over 1,000 state-of-the-art, newest-title slot machines and other local favorites such as Diamond Lottos, Fort Knox, Pirate's Loot. The gaming leader also offers 24/7 live table game action with games including Blackjack, Baccarat, Spanish 21, Three Card Poker and many more. Seminole Classic Casino also features the Hollywood Hall entertainment pavilion and the Stage Bar, a full-service bar that features live entertainment weekly. Patrons can enjoy the EATstreet dining area with food options such as Soygood, Slice and Mojoe as well as a burger and wing joint named Flying Cow. Seminole Classic Casino is located at 4150 North State Road 7, Hollywood FL 33021, just south of Interstate 595 and next to the Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino. For more information, please call 1-866-2CASINO or 954-961-3220 or visit www.DoClassic.com or www.facebook.com/SeminoleClassicCasino. Follow us on Instagram at @semclassiccasino.


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Q: centering a div inside of a div with background-size: cover property I want to center an image on top of my background image.
#home is the background image that stretches to the size of the browser
 #hometitle is the image i want on top
I would like to center #hometitle on top of my #home background so no matter the size of the browser, it'll be spaced into the center of the background image.
I have tried margin: 0 auto; and then margin-top: 250px; right after, but that just creates a white gap above the entire background image of 250px;
Position: absolute; and top/left don't really help because the position will be static and not be center as you resize the browser.
#home {
height: 1000px;
margin: 0 auto;
-webkit-background-size: cover;
-moz-background-size: cover;
background-size: cover;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center center;
background-image: url("images/bigheader.png");
}

#hometitle {
background-image:url(images/title.png);
height: 260px;
width: 435px;
}

HTML:

A: #hometitle {
    background-image:url(images/title.png);
    height: 260px;
    width: 435px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    margin-top: -130px;
    margin-left: -217px;
}

This should do since we postion the home title image absolutely at the center of the browser rendering space.
If you are having some issues with the position of image add
body {position: relative;}

This is one of the easiest and best techniques to position an element at the center that i use often

A: You can't use margin-top to move the
 down relative to the
 because of margin collapsing, but you could add top padding on the
 instead.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home Mexico Climate
Mexico Climate
Image credit: Sweet Lana | Shutterstock
The Tropic of Cancer divides the Mexico climate into temperate and tropical zones. North of it, cooler temperatures prevail during the winter months. To the south, temperatures generally are constant, but vary, depending upon elevation. Areas south of the Tropic of Cancer with low elevations, which include the southern coastal plains and the Yucatan Peninsula, have an annual median temperature between 75 F and 82 F. Temperatures remain high throughout the year with less than a 10 F difference in median temperature between winter and summer.
As elevation rises toward the central plateau, yearly average temperatures range from about 61 F to 68 F. If you are living at this altitude, expect relatively constant temperatures throughout the year. North of the Tropic of Cancer, though, temperature swings are much larger.
Most of the country experiences a rainy season from June to mid-October and significantly less rain during the remainder of the year. February and July generally are the driest and wettest months, respectively.
Hurricanes affect regions of both coasts from June through November. West coast hurricanes are often less violent than those affecting Mexico's eastern coastline. Earthquakes are also very common. The country's Pacific coast is part of the earthquake-prone "Ring of Fire" that frequently generates very large earthquakes. Volcanic eruptions also occur in the central-southern part of Mexico.


Sadio Mane has demonstrated over the past two years that he's an elite big-game player, yet the Senegal striker's consistent performances for Liverpool in the highest-profile fixtures somehow continue to go under the radar despite the accolades and praise that come his way.
The Reds' UEFA Champions League quarterfinal first-leg tie against FC Porto at Anfield on Tuesday represents another opportunity for the forward, who turns 27 on Wednesday, to thrive in another high-profile fixture.
While Mohamed Salah was being lauded for his remarkable goal scoring, Mane's form underpinned Liverpool's run to the Champions League final, and he ended the European campaign with 10 in 11 games.
His goal in the final against Real Madrid meant he became one of only four African players – after Rabah Madjer, Samuel Eto'o and Didier Drogba — to score in the biggest club fixture in the football calendar; while that goal against Real provided only a brief glimmer of hope before calamities at the other end of the pitch, Mane has consistently provided defining moments for Liverpool.
Sixty-nine percent of his Champions League goals to date — nine of his 13 strikes — have come in the knockout stages of the competition, the most recent in the Merseysiders' 3-1 victory over Bayern Munich in the Round of 16. On that occasion, Mane scored twice, with his first — an impudent dink over Manuel Neuer to give Liverpool the advantage — prompting high praise from ex-Liverpool frontman Michael Owen.
"It's a goal of the highest quality, and even [the turn], the awareness of what's around and then a little coolness after all that to dink it over the line, it's a finish of the highest quality," Owen said on BT Sport.
As testament to Olic's propensity to decide the high-profile fixtures, the former Croatia international, who scored seven of his 10 UCL goals in knockout matches, was handed the somewhat inelegant moniker 'The king of the biggest games' by his former national-team coach, Slaven Bilic.
The relative ease with which he has adapted to the rarefied environment — the high-pressure bouts and the tougher opposition — of the Champions League has also gone under the radar. To date, Mane's 13 goals in 19 games is a return bettered by only five players in their first 20 appearances in the UCL's history.
That's elite company, with three of the five boasting winner's medals, yet Mane is rarely referenced as a player who flourishes under the brightest lights and who boasts the nerve and composure to settle the most high-profile clashes.
"I think Sadio Mane can be Liverpool's most important player," ESPN pundit Shaka Hislop says. "I thought he showed that last year in the Champions League final once Mo Salah came off.
As Liverpool's challenge for the English Premier League title also reaches the sharp end of the campaign, Mane appears to be thriving amid the added pressure and scrutiny. He's found a new gear since mid-January, scoring nine in 11 in the league.
Former Liverpool and Senegal midfielder Salif Diao believes that Salah's form last season has prompted Mane to take things to another level and refine various elements of his game.
"If you look at last season when the Ballon d'Or list came out, Salah was right up there, but Sadio wasn't, and that was purely because of the goals," Diao told Goal.
"Salah was more clinical in front of goal, and that was why he got all the awards and the praise at the end of the year.
It hasn't always been this way, and Mane's come a long way since missing the decisive penalty for Senegal as they were eliminated from the quarter-finals of the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations in Gabon.
Mane could not find a way past Cameroon goalkeeper Fabrice Ondoa and his stifling defence, and he missed Senegal's best chance three minutes from fulltime.
All eight takers had scored before Mane took Senegal's fifth penalty. His effort was saved, and Vincent Aboubakar's subsequent conversion sent eventual champions Cameroon through.
"He needed more confidence when he came in," Jurgen Klopp said in November.
"The start was really good, but I think he was a bit surprised by himself.
Sadio Mane: Africa's Next Big-Name Great?
Mane, undoubtedly, has come a long way since his misstep against Cameroon, but he's yet to produce a title-winning performance to compare with some of Africa's other big-game players.
Eto'o, for example, scored goals in two Champions League finals — only the second player to do so — and was outstanding as he won a third title with Internazionale in 2010.
Drogba, too, made his mark in major trophy triumphs in a way that Mane hasn't yet managed.
As well as his star performance in the 2012 UCL final, when he scored an 88th-minute equaliser and then slotted the decisive penalty in the shootout to win Chelsea their first European crown, he also scored in four FA Cup finals — the only player in history to do so — winning every one.
Mane, soon to turn 27, needs to be adding titles to his resume in order to stand alongside Africa's true big-game greats. But he should have plenty of high-profile ties in the coming months — from FC Porto at Anfield to the Africa Cup of Nations in Egypt — to claim a little more recognition and a place among his continent's genuinely decisive players.


A string of "triple H" days (hazy, hot and humid) ended yesterday as daily high temperatures dropped from the 90s into the 80s.
Part of the weather change that brought relief, however, was a thunderstorm that ripped through southern Lehigh and Northampton counties between 3 and 4 a.m. yesterday, then passed through northern Bucks County before crossing into Hunterdon County in New Jersey.
The storm caused flooding and was blamed for an east Allentown fire and a power outage mostly in the Bethlehem area.
Street and urban flooding was caused by nearly a half-inch of rain that fell in a 10-minute period - from 3:42 until 3:52 a.m., said Bill Dovico, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service at Allentown-Bethlehem -Easton Airport.
Lightning was blamed for a two-alarm fire at the PEI-Genesis warehouse at 425 Hanover Ave. in east Allentown at about 4 a.m. The company is a wholesale distributor of electrical supplies.
The storm activated at least 11 burglary alarms, mostly in east Allentown, keeping city police busy.
The city's fire personnel also responded to wires arcing into trees in the 2200 block of Lehigh Street and the 500 block of Barner Street.
However, the 2,180 Lehigh Valley customers without power for up to five hours yesterday morning were mostly in the Bethlehem area, a Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. spokesman said.
Although the storm followed the South Mountain area, according to Dovico, few problems were reported by police in western Lehigh County.
Salisbury Township police said there was one report of wires arcing near the 600 block of E. Federal Street, due to heavy rains pulling down tree branches onto wires.


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Home › Jonathan Kozol Quotes & Sayings
Jonathan Kozol Quotes & Sayings
Enjoy the top 100 famous quotes, sayings and quotations by Jonathan Kozol.
The willingness to relegate a person in my father's situation to a lower and less vigilant degree of medical attention was an accurate reflection of the values of a social system which, as I had learned in my own work in education, measures human life, more frequently than not, in rather hard-nosed and explicit terms of future payoff to the national well-being. — Jonathan Kozol
Many of those who argue for vouchers say that they simply want to use competition to improve public education. I don't think it works that way, and I've been watching this for a longtime. — Jonathan Kozol
I tell young teachers who are determined to dissent from some of the Draconian aspects of the current orthodoxy that the best form of protection is to be incredibly good at what you do and keep good discipline in class. — Jonathan Kozol
Unlike these powerful grown-ups, children have no ideologies to reinforce, no superstructure of political opinion to promote, no civic equanimity or image to defend, no personal reputation to secure. — Jonathan Kozol
You need massive recruitment to tell the poorest of the poor what is possible. — Jonathan Kozol
Instead of seeing these children for the blessings that they are, we are measuring them only by the standard of whether they will be future deficits or assets for our nation's competitive needs. — Jonathan Kozol
Wonderful teachers should never let themselves be drill sergeants for the state. — Jonathan Kozol
Public school was never in business to produce Thoreau. It is in business to produce a man like Richard Nixon and, even more, a population like the one which could elect him. — Jonathan Kozol
I think a lot of people don't have any idea of how deeply segregated our schools have become all over again. Most textbooks are not honest in what they teach our high school students. — Jonathan Kozol
Political struggle is the most important thing any of us can do as a citizen in a democracy; and that means the old joining the young to fight for elemental kinds of justice. — Jonathan Kozol
I feel, in the end, as if everything I've done has been a failure. — Jonathan Kozol
The primary victims of Katrina, those who were given the least help by the government, those rescued last or not at all, were overwhelmingly people of color largely hidden from the mainstream of society. — Jonathan Kozol
Pick battles big enough to matter, small enough to win. — Jonathan Kozol
Let's concede that we have decided to let our children grow up in two separate nations, and lead two separate kinds of lives. If, on the other hand, we have the courage to rise to this challenge to name what's happening within our inner-city schools, then we also need the courage to be activist and go out and fight like hell to change it. — Jonathan Kozol
Businessmen are not in business to lose customers, and schools do not exist to free their clients from the agencies of mass persuasion. School and media possess a productive monopoly upon the imagination of a child. — Jonathan Kozol
I have been criticized throughout the course of my career for placing too much faith in the reliability of children's narratives; but I have almost always found that children are a great deal more reliable in telling us what actually goes on in public school than many of the adult experts who develop policies that shape their destinies. — Jonathan Kozol
What I tell these young people is, the world is not as dangerous as the older generation would like you to believe. Anyone I know who has ever taken a risk and lost a job has ended up getting a better one two years later. — Jonathan Kozol
Consider what it is like to go into a new classroom and to see before you suddenly, and in a way you cannot avoid recognizing, the dreadful consequences of a year's wastage of so many lives. — Jonathan Kozol
Children sometimes understand things that most grown-ups do not see. — Jonathan Kozol
Charity isn't a good substitute for justice. — Jonathan Kozol
This, then, is the dread that seems to lie beneath the fear of equalizing. Equity is seen as dispossession. Local autonomy is seen as liberty
even if the poverty of those in nearby cities robs them o fall meaningful autonomy by narrowing their choices to the meanest and the shabbiest of options. In this way, defendants in these cases seem to polarize two of the principles that lie close to the origins of this republic. Liberty and equity are seen as antibodies to each other. — Jonathan Kozol
No Child Left Behind widens the gap between the races more than any piece of educational legislation I've seen in 40 years. It denies inner-city kids the critical-thinking skills to interrogate reality. — Jonathan Kozol
Children long for this - a voice, a way of being heard - but many sense that there is no one in the world to hear their words, so they are drawn to ways of malice. If they cannot sing, they scream. They are vessels of the spirit but the spirit sometimes is entombed; it can't get out, and so they smash it! — Jonathan Kozol
During the decades after Brown v. Board of Education there was terrific progress. Tens of thousands of public schools were integrated racially. During that time the gap between black and white achievement narrowed. — Jonathan Kozol
Placing the burden on the individual to break down doors in finding better education for a child is attractive to conservatives because it reaffirms their faith in individual ambition and autonomy. But to ask an individual to break down doors that we have chained and bolted in advance of his arrival is unfair. — Jonathan Kozol
Like grain in a time of famine, the immense resources which the nation does in fact possess go not to the child in the greatest need but to the children of the highest bidder-the child of parents who, more frequently than not, have also enjoyed the same abundance when they were schoolchildren. — Jonathan Kozol
As damaging as the obsessive emphasis on testing often proves to be for kids in general, I believe that the effects are still more harmful in those schools in which the resources available to help the children learn the skills that will be measured by these tests are fewest, the scores they get are predictably the lowest, and the strategies resorted to by principals in order to escape the odium attaching to a disappointing set of numbers tend to be the most severe. — Jonathan Kozol
I can say it, but it doesn't seem convincing to most people. I can call it an 'injustice,' but that doesn't always sink in either. You have to understand the nature of the culture in New York. Words that are equal to the pain of the poor are pretty easily discredited. A quarter of the truth, stated with lots of indirection, is regarded as more seemly.
Even when people do accept the idea of 'injustice,' there are ways to live with it without it causing you to change a great deal in your life. A mildly embarrassed toleration of injustice is an elemental part of cultural sophistication here. the stile is, 'Oh yes. We know all that. So tell us something new.' There's a kind of cultivated weariness in this. Talking about injustice, I am told, is 'tiresome' unless you do it in a way that sounds amusing. — Jonathan Kozol
There has been so much recent talk of progress in the areas of curriculum innovation and textbook revision that few people outside the field of teaching understand how bad most of our elementary school materials still are. — Jonathan Kozol
Two years ago, George Bush felt prompted to address this issue. More spending on public education, said the president, isn't "the best answer." Mr. Bush went on to caution parents of poor children who see money "as a cure" for education problems. "A society that worships money ... ," said the president, "is a society in peril." The president himself attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts - a school that spends $11,000 yearly on each pupil, not including costs of room and board. If money is a wise investment for the education of a future president at Andover, it is no less so for the child of poor people in Detroit. But the climate of the times does not encourage this belief, and the president's words will surely reinforce that climate. — Jonathan Kozol
'Savage Inequalities' was about school finance, and 'Amazing Grace' primarily dealt with medical and social injustices in New York. But with 'Ordinary Resurrections,' I had no predetermined agenda. When I met with the children, I was not in pursuit of any line of thinking. In our conversations, I let them lead me where they wanted to go. — Jonathan Kozol
We should invest in kids like these," we're told, "because it will be more expensive not to." Why do our natural compassion and religious inclinations need to find a surrogate in dollar savings to be voiced or acted on? Why not give these kids the best we have because we are a wealthy nation and they are children and deserve to have some fun while they are still less than four feet high? — Jonathan Kozol
The fact that a crime might have been committed with impunity in the past may make it seem more familiar and less gruesome, but surely does not give it any greater legitimacy. — Jonathan Kozol
Good teachers don't approach a child of this age with overzealousness or with destructive conscientiousness. They're not drill-masters in the military or floor managers in a production system. They are specialists in opening small packages. They give the string a tug but do it carefully. They don't yet know what's in the box. They don't know if it's breakable. — Jonathan Kozol
Racial segregation has come back to public education with a vengeance. — Jonathan Kozol
The rich ... should beg the poor to forgive us for the bread we bring them. Healthy people sometimes feel they need to beg forgiveness too, although there is no reason why. Maybe we simply ask forgiveness for not being born where these poor women have been born, knowing that if we lived here too, our fate might well have been the same. — Jonathan Kozol
Children are not simply commodities to be herded into line and trained for the jobs that white people who live in segregated neighborhoods have available. — Jonathan Kozol
[Of] particular importance is the relationship between education and the political process. — Jonathan Kozol
But what is now encompassed by the one word ("school") are two very different kinds of institutions that, in function, finance and intention, serve entirely different roles. Both are needed for our nation's governance. But children in one set of schools are educated to be governors; children in the other set of schools are trained for being governed. The former are given the imaginative range to mobilize ideas for economic growth; the latter are provided with the discipline to do the narrow tasks the first group will prescribe. — Jonathan Kozol
A four-year-old says, "My mommy lives in heaven. Her eyelashes go down instead of up because she is ... in heaven, but I miss her." She feels consoled that her mother "is with God," who, she says, "has pink whiskers, red hair, and two feet. ... I did not want her to die until I died. I think I am going to die too in a little while. — Jonathan Kozol
East St. Louis-which the local press refers to as "an inner city without an outer city"-has some of the sickest children in America. Of 66 cities in Illinois, East St. Louis ranks first in fetal death, first in premature birth, and third in infant health. — Jonathan Kozol
Congress has an opportunity to take advantage of the opening created by Justice Kennedy later this year when it reauthorizes the federal No Child Left Behind Act. — Jonathan Kozol
On Mondays and Fridays in early May, nearly 18,000 children-the equivalent of all the elementary students in suburban Glencoe, Wilmette, Glenview, Kenilworth, Winnetka, Deerfield, Highland Park and Evanston-are assigned to classes with no teacher. — Jonathan Kozol
In the book, I write about children in first grade who were taught to read by reading want ads. They learned to write by writing job applications. Imagine what would happen if anyone tried to do that to children in a predominantly white suburban school. — Jonathan Kozol
The 'niche' effect of charter schools guarantees a swift and vicious deepening of class and racial separation. — Jonathan Kozol
I do not know very much about painting, but I know enough to know that the Art Teacher did not know much about it either and that, furthermore, she did not know or care anything at all about the way in which you can destroy a human being. Stephen, in many ways already dying, died a second and third and fourth and final death before her anger. — Jonathan Kozol
I'd love to go back and teach primary school. I used to teach fourth grade and fifth grade. I'd love to spend several years teaching kindergarten or maybe third grade. — Jonathan Kozol
The contrasts between what is spent today to educate a child in the poorest New York City neighborhoods, where teacher salaries are often even lower than the city averages, and spending levels in the wealthiest suburban areas are daunting challenges to any hope New Yorkers might retain that even semblances of fairness still prevail. — Jonathan Kozol
I believe we need a national amendment which will guarantee every child in America the promise of not just an equal education but a high-quality equal education. — Jonathan Kozol
I wrote the first book, and I thought people would say: 'Separate and unequal schools in the City of Boston? I didn't know that. Let's go out and fix it.' — Jonathan Kozol
The first ten, twelve or fifteen years of life are excavated of inherent moral worth in order to accommodate a regimen of basic training for the adult years that many of the poorest children may not even live to know. — Jonathan Kozol
I hope to be remembered for writing books about social justice that also have enough aesthetic value to endure as works of literature. — Jonathan Kozol
So long as these kinds of inequalities persist, all of us who are given expensive educations have to live with the knowledge that our victories are contaminated because the game has been rigged to our advantage. — Jonathan Kozol
The trouble is not that schools don't work; they do. They're excellent machines for achieving historically accepted purposes. In suburban schools are children of the rich, who grow up to privilege and anesthetic oblivion to pain - and who then use the servants produced by ghetto schools. — Jonathan Kozol
Research experts want to know what can be done about the values of poor segregated children; and this is a question that needs asking. But they do not ask what can be done about the values of the people who have segregated these communities. There is no academic study of the pathological detachment of the very rich ... — Jonathan Kozol
I have an enormous sense of having failed in life. — Jonathan Kozol
Our nation's oldest sin and deepest crime is the isolation of minority children - black children, in particular - in schools that are not only segregated but shamefully unequal. — Jonathan Kozol
People who know but do not act do evil too. I don't know if I would call them evil but they're certainly not thinking about heaven. — Jonathan Kozol
The last thing the theatre owners wanted was for people who spent $200 to see 'Les Miserables' to come out again and see the real miserable children of America, right there on the sidewalk. — Jonathan Kozol
People rarely speak of children; you hear of 'cohort groups' and 'standard variations,' but you don't hear much of boys who miss their cats or 6-year-olds who have to struggle with potato balls. — Jonathan Kozol
An awful lot of people come to college with this strange idea that there's no longer segregation in America's schools, that our schools are basically equal; neither of these things is true. — Jonathan Kozol
By far the most important factor in the success or failure of any school, far more important than tests or standards or business-model methods of accountability, is simply attracting the best-educated, most exciting young people into urban schools and keeping them there. — Jonathan Kozol
When I was young, I was religious. — Jonathan Kozol
Many suburban legislators representing affluent school districts use terms such as "sinkhole" when opposing funding for Chicago's children. "We can't keep throwing money," said Governor Thompson in 1988, "into a black hole." The Chicago Tribune notes that, when this phrase is used, people hasten to explain that it is not intended as a slur against the race of many of Chicago's children. "But race," says the Tribune, "never is far from the surface ... — Jonathan Kozol
A great deal has been written in recent years about the purported lack of motivation in the children of the Negro ghettos. Little in my experience supports this, yet the phrase has been repeated endlessly, and the blame in almost all cases is placed somewhere outside the classroom. — Jonathan Kozol
Equity, after all, does not mean simply equal funding. Equal funding for unequal needs is not equality. — Jonathan Kozol
There is a belief advanced today, and in some cases by conservative black authors, that poor children and particularly black children should not be allowed to hear too much about these matters. If they learn how much less they are getting than rich children, we are told, this knowledge may induce them to regard themselves as "victims," and such "victim-thinking," it is argued, may then undermine their capacity to profit from whatever opportunities may actually exist. But this is a matter of psychology-or strategy-and not reality. The matter, in any case, is academic since most adolescents in the poorest neighborhoods learn very soon that they are getting less than children in the wealthier school districts. They see suburban schools on television and they see them when they travel for athletic competitions. It is a waste of time to worry whether we should tell them something they could tell to us. About injustice, most poor children in American cannot be fooled. — Jonathan Kozol
I urge you to be teachers so that you can join with children as the co-collaborators in a plot to build a little place of ecstasy and poetry and gentle joy — Jonathan Kozol
The future teachers I try to recruit are those show have refused to let themselves be neutered in this way, either in their private lives or in the lives that they intend to lead in school. When they begin to teach, they come into their classrooms with a sense of affirmation of the goodness and the fullness of existence, with a sense of satisfaction in discovering the unexpected in their students, and with a longing to surprise the world, their kids, even themselves, with their capacity to leave each place they've been ... a better and more joyful place than it was when they entered it. — Jonathan Kozol
That is the great luxury of long-existing and accepted segregation in New York and almost every other major city of our nation nowadays. Nothing needs to be imposed on anyone. The evil is already set in stone. We just move in. — Jonathan Kozol
The New Jersey constitution, says the court in its decision, requires that all students be provided with an opportunity to compete fairly for a place in our society. ... Pole vaulters using bamboo poles even with the greatest effort cannot compete with pole vaulters using aluminum poles. — Jonathan Kozol
When they pray, what do they say to God? — Jonathan Kozol
I always want to tell these young idealists that the world is not as dangerous as many in the older generation want them to believe ... The [people] for whom I feel the greatest sadness are the ones who choke on their beliefs, who never act on their ideals, who never know the state of struggle in a decent cause, and never know the thrill of even partial victories. — Jonathan Kozol
I beg people not to accept the seasonal ritual of well-timed charity on Christmas Eve. It's blasphemy. — Jonathan Kozol
I believe that the wilderness is where God is found. — Jonathan Kozol
According to our textbook rhetoric, Americans abhor the notion of a social order in which economic privilege and political power are determined by hereditary class. Officially, we have a more enlightened goal in sight: namely, a society in which a family's wealth has no relation to the probability of future educational attainment and the wealth and station it affords. By this standard, education offered to poor children should be at least as good as that which is provided to the children of the upper-middle class. — Jonathan Kozol
Governor Romney has said nothing about preschool. I think that giving the poorest kids in America wonderful preschool, and three years of it, starting when they are two-and-a-half, is absolutely crucial. — Jonathan Kozol
A culture in which guilt is automatically assumed to be neurotic and unhealthy has devised a remarkably clever way of protecting its self-interest. — Jonathan Kozol
The White House, in advancing the agenda for a [school] "choice" plan, rests its faith on market mechanisms. What reason have the black and very poor to lend their credence to a market system that has proved so obdurate and so resistant to their pleas at every turn? — Jonathan Kozol
Unless we have the wealth to pay for private education, we are compelled by law to go to public school - and to the public school in our district. Thus the state, by requiring attendance but refusing to require equity, effectively requires inequality. Compulsory inequity, perpetuated by state law, too frequently condemns our children to unequal lives. — Jonathan Kozol
What may be learned from the rebuttals made by the defendants in New Jersey and from the protests that were sparked by the decision of the court? Much of the resistance, it appears, derives from a conservative anxiety that equity equates to "leveling." The fear that comes across in many of the letters and the editorials in the New Jersey press is that democratizing opportunity will undermine diversity and even elegance in our society and that the best schools will be dragged down to a sullen norm, a mediocre middle ground of uniformity. References to Eastern European socialism keep appearing in these letters. — Jonathan Kozol
In many of the high schools in the South Bronx, more children will end up in prison than will go to college. — Jonathan Kozol
It is a commonplace by now to say that the urban school systems of America contain a higher percentage of Negro children each year. — Jonathan Kozol
I do get scared about the physical danger from drug dealers. But it's not in the same league as the danger I feel eating an $80 lunch with my privileged friends to discuss hunger and poverty. That's when my soul feels imperiled. — Jonathan Kozol
Apartheid does not happen spontaneously, like bad weather conditions. — Jonathan Kozol
No Child Left Behind's fourth-grade gains aren't learning gains, they're testing gains. That's why they don't last. The law is a distraction from things that really count. — Jonathan Kozol
Evil exists," he says, not flinching at the word. "I believe that what the rich have done to the poor people in this city is something that a preacher would call evil. Somebody has power. Pretending that they don't so they don't need to use it to help people-that is my idea of evil. — Jonathan Kozol
Young children give us glimpses of some things that are eternal. — Jonathan Kozol
My goal is to connect the young teachers to the old, to reignite their sense of struggle. — Jonathan Kozol
Well, teachers have been profoundly demoralized in recent years and are often treated with contempt by politicians. There's a great deal of reckless rhetoric in Washington about the mediocrity of the teaching profession - and I don't find that to be true at all. — Jonathan Kozol
The inequalities are greater now than in '92. Some states have equalized per-pupil spending but they set the 'equal level' very low, so that wealthy districts simply raise extra money privately. — Jonathan Kozol
In schools with a history of chaos, the teacher who can keep the classroom calm becomes virtually indispensable. — Jonathan Kozol
If we allow public funds to be used to support our relatively benign, morally grounded schools, we will have to allow those public funds to be used for any type of private school. — Jonathan Kozol
Nationally, overwhelmingly non-white schools receive $1,000 less per pupil than overwhelmingly white schools. — Jonathan Kozol
Separate and unequal didn't work 100 years ago. It will not work today. — Jonathan Kozol
We continue, however, to write about important people, prize-winning people, blacks of grandeur, women of great fire, fame or wit. We do not write about ordinary people. — Jonathan Kozol
Sometimes," he [Congressmen John Lewis] said, "you have to ask for something that you know you may not get. And still you have to ask for it. It's still worth fighting for and, even if you don't believe that you will see it in your lifetime, you have got to hold it up so that the generation that comes next will take it from your hands and, in their own time, see it as a goal worth fighting for again. — Jonathan Kozol
If there are amazing graces on this earth, I believe that they are these good children sent to us by God and not yet soiled by the knowledge that their nation does not love them. — Jonathan Kozol
You have to remember ... that for this little boy whom you have met, his life is just as important to him, as your life is to you. No matter how insufficient or how shabby it may seem to some, it is the only one he has. — Jonathan Kozol
I write books to change the world. Perhaps I can only change one little piece of that world. But if I can empower teachers and good citizens to give these children, who are the poorest of the poor, the same opportunity we give our own kids, then I'll feel my life has been worth it. — Jonathan Kozol
Being with men can be exciting and pleasurable, yes. But take my word for it, they are not as wonderful as they think they are." - Cyane"
Author: M.M. Kin
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