text:
Angela Paton (1930–2016)
Paton was described as a "natural comic" and one of the "legends of the local stage" of San Francisco. She is a veteran of the American Conservatory Theater (A.C.T.), and also one of A.C.T.'s leading... read full biography
Known for Groundhog Day (1993), American Wedding (2003), Flatliners (1990), Lolita (1997)
Jan 11, 1930 (died May 26, 2016)
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Rick Ducommun


text:
Java PaaS Provider Jelastic Updates Platform
Java-based Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) provider Jelastic has released a new version of its cloud hosting platform. Version 1.9.1, available now, comes with fairly long list of upgrades that includes, among others, the ability to regulated the sequence of balance charging, improvements to the config manager, PostgreSQL 9.2.4 support, the ability to schedule backups for end user databases, and the ability to generate direct URL for solution deployment.
If there's a spotlight new feature in this release it's the new CRON Scheduler, which is designed to allow users to schedule jobs to run periodically at certain times and dates. The scheduler can also be used to run programs at specified times, and to back up databases or specific tables directly from the configuration files."
But a close second is probably the PostgreSQL support, which provides synchronous and cascading replication; unlogged tables, per-column; and collations, among other capabilities. This version also generates notifications about running out of resources (Mem, Disk, CPU).
Jelastic is a Java- and PHP-based cloud hosting platform designed to run any Java application in the cloud without code or language changes, and without the need to write for specific APIs. It supports any JVM-based app, including apps developed with Java 6, Java 7, JRuby, Scala and Groovy.
Earlier this month, the company announced the creation of a plug-in for the NetBeans integrated development environment (IDE), which allows users of the Jelastic platform to access their development, test, and production deployments from within the Java IDE. That plugin is included in this release.
The company also provides plug-ins for Maven, Ant, Hudson, and Jenkins. The company recently added Apache TomEE to the list of application servers supported by the platform. That list also includes Tomcat (6 and 7), GlassFish and Jetty. Jelastic also supports three SQL databases: MariaDB, MySQL and PostgreSQL; and supports the non-SQL databases MongoDB and CouchDB.
Palo Alto, Calif.-based Jelastic was founded in 2010 by Hivetext, a Zhytomyr, Ukraine-based startup focused on Java application development in the cloud. Ruslan Synytsky, founder and CEO of Jelastic, has said that his company's flagship platform is the first Java PaaS to provide "full application compatibility and developer control," and "the only choice for Java developers" who want to avoid lock-in.
More information about the latest version of the Jelastic platform is available on the company's product information page.
John K. Waters is the editor in chief of a number of Converge360.com sites, with a focus on high-end development, AI and future tech. He's been writing about cutting-edge technologies and culture of Silicon Valley for more than two decades, and he's written more than a dozen books. He also co-scripted the documentary film Silicon Valley: A 100 Year Renaissance, which aired on PBS. He can be reached at [email protected].

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Social Media will be Controlled From January 2020
If you also use social media then be careful now. Those promoting hate speech etc. on social media will be banned from early next year. In fact, the Ministry of Electronics and Information (MEI) has filed an affidavit in the Supreme Court (SC) to curb social media sites. The government has said in the affidavit filed in the Supreme Court that strict rules will be framed in this case, so that the social media platform can be regulated even better.
Image Credit: Econsultancy
In the affidavit filed by MEI, the government has said that it will be considered whether social media service provider should be held responsible for the content posted on platforms like Facebook, Twitter etc. However, in the affidavit, the government has also said that they will try to cover all the sides of the case. The government will make a notification to regulate social media on 15 January 2020 and notify the social media provider.
According to the media report, the Ministry has also said in its affidavit that technology has contributed to the economic development of the country on one side. On the other hand, there has been a significant increase in hate speech, fake news, public order and anti-national activities on social media platforms.
A bench of SC judges had said that social media companies are not able to detect the origin of any fake message. In such a situation, the government will have to focus on this.The hearing may be held in the last week of January 2020. The petitions related to linking social media account with Aadhaar were already pending in Madras, Madhya Pradesh and Bombay High Court.
Several PILs (Public Interest Litigation) have been filed so far to regulate social media. One petitioner said in his petition that the Supreme Court should direct the government to make ID cards mandatory for social media accounts. By making Eye Proof mandatory, the credibility of people on social media accounts will be revealed.


FFAR1 encodes a protein known as Free fatty acid receptor 1, a class A G-protein coupled receptor that is a member of the GP40 family of receptors that are clustered together on chromosome 19. Free Fatty Acid receptors are a group of Gq/11 proteincoupled receptors currently classified into FFA1, FFA2, FFA3 and FFA4 subtypes. These receptors are concentrated in pancreatic islet cells, immune cells and in the brain and are important in immunity and metabolism. FFA1 is a receptor for medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. It is highly expressed in the cells of the pancreas and to a lesser extent in the brain. This membrane protein binds free fatty acids, acting as a nutrient sensor for regulating energy homeostasis. The receptor is available in the following formats: stable over-expression cell line, membrane preparation, or purified receptor in HEK293 or CHO. Various tagged versions are available.


It was five weeks from Challenge Roth to Ironman 70.3 Philippines. I had about 5 days rest, then started one session per day through 2nd week. The 3rd week training was good and consistent (##km), 4th week built a little more, 5th week I did nothing.
I have realised, slowly, over the last few years I perform best on a very extreme taper of virtually no running in the week before a race, and very little riding (2-3hrs), and 3-5km of swimming. So after 3 consistent weeks of training I was feeling ready for a rest, and following that I would be feeling ready for a race.
My 4th week training was my usual routine with 4 added (now to be routine) easy 8 –10km runs, but on Saturday when I usually just do a run session, I went and trained with Chris MacCormack in Cronulla for the day. We headed out for a bike session (50km warm up, 40km TT effort, 10k easy, 30km TT effort), and I was struggling big time to push 300 watts. It felt like threshold training to stay with Chris, and I was glad when the first effort was over. I had a powerbar caffienated gel and was sure it would give me a big boost and I'd be able to at least do the same effort again for 30k. Not to be! I bonked at 16k and could barely pedal. I had a rest, a drink, and only just made it back the 10k without falling off my bike. I was very wobbly. I was right after some food, then we went for 10k jog, then 4k swim, and drove home. It was a busy day. So I didn't ride as per usual Sunday, and did the run session I missed Saturday, then did my long run Monday. That was the end of my "training" before the race.
Thursday. Swim 2.5k. Run 3k on treadmill easy.
Friday. Ride 1 1/2 hrs. Swim 15mins.
So as you can see I do VERY little before a major race, and if anyone has been struggling to convert the hours spent in training to a strong race, I suggest you try doing less in the week before your next race. This won't be best for everyone, but worth a try for some.
It hadn't been that many weeks of training since Challenge Roth and I hadn't had a rest week yet, so I didn't know how far I had progressed, and how I would feel on race day – had I done enough to be competitive? or not?
I did know I would feel good on race day, and would be able to push hard enough to make it through the bike with the leaders, and was hoping to be able to stay within reach on the run, and make a good race of it for myself, and spectators, but I didn't have too many thoughts of running away with the win. After the race Jaimie said to me "I knew you would have a good race. You had been training well, was relaxed before you went, and sounded happy in the Philippines." It's no secret I race best when I am happy.
Race day – Wake up, step outside, it's beautiful and warm, just like every other day. On the start line I looked across at Terenzo who was wearing a long-john aquasphere speedsuit over his race suit for the swim. We had all laughed a few days earlier when this issue was brought up. I didn't take my speedsuit because I believed they were no longer legal. It turns out that rule starts next week (sept 1st). I did have an Adidas suit with no rubber on it, but in such warm water I would have been too hot for the slight improvement in slipstream dynamics gained. I figured it wouldn't matter that much, and would just have to swim a bit harder to try and stay ahead of Terenzo, if i could.
I sprinted from the gun, and was in front of everyone near me, with Terenzo and Leon Griffin leading everyone a few meters to my right. I edged in front and they joined onto my feet. Alaska Milk had put up $300 bonus after 1.3km, when we run between two lakes. I was motivated to get this, and also to get as much lead over whoever I could in the swim. Leon dropped off our feet, and I opened up a gap over Terenzo as we exited the water and changed lakes. I held this small lead till 4km into the bike. We had a good lead and agreed to swap turns every 10mins.
I could tell I was feeling stronger than Terenzo, the pace was faster when I was on the front, and I went there a little more often. Despite this, Leon caught up to us at 35km. Again another time bonus at 45km motivated me to push the pace and lead into it. I got a small gap over Terenzo and Leon and was more confident I had stronger legs than them on the bike today. They caught back up when I eased off for 30seconds when there was confusion as to which side of the road we should be on, and we swapped turns for 20km, until I decided to try and get a lead or at least push them out of their comfort zone a bit and not let them rest for the run. I built a good gap, over 30seconds on Terenzo and a minute on Leon, only to lose that lead when sent the wrong way into transition. I wasted time deciding what to do and gave much of my lead back. I tried to relax and started the run with Terenzo on my shoulder.
In the first km I again sensed I was feeling a little better than Terenzo. I felt like I was out for an easy jog, and just half a step in front of him, so at 3km's I picked it up a little bit and quickly built a lead of about 15 seconds a km. I got another bonus at 10.5km into the run, and felt so good I just kept running fast and loving it. I finished with a 7minute lead and still felt fresh at the finish line. The heat hadn't worried me, nor had the fact I'd swum, ridden, and run faster than everyone else.
It's funny how it takes someone else to ask you the right questions before you fully recognise some important self realisations. That afternoon while I was waiting my turn at the cable wakeboarding lake, a journalist asked what I was thinking as I crossed the line.
I was thinking how good it felt to have swum hard, ridden hard, and run fast and still feel fresh when I crossed the line. I felt so happy I had finally put together the right training plan, taper plan, and executed a solid race in Hawaii like conditions was an enormous confidence boost for my Hawaii race, and also for myself as a triathlete. I was proud to have had the perfect race for my sponsors Team Abu Dhabi, and for my fiancé Jaimie. The main though I had was about the confidence in my preperation and my race plan for Hawaii, and the positive thoughts I will now carry with me for the next 7 weeks to Kona.
Thank you once again to my sponsors –Triathlon Team Abu Dhabi – and all the sponsors of our team – Abu Dhabi, Storck, Suunto, Adidas, Oakley, Aquasphere, Powerbar, Xentis, Shimano, Continental, SRM, and Paul Lange & Co Bike shop.
Congrats with your win. Amazing accomplishment. Enjoy!
Always good to read about the different approaches that people have in their training.
Great race report and trainings leading up to it. Congrats on a great win! See you in Kona!
I'm a big fan. I'm a 40 year old Filipino and I have lived in Sydney for 22 years. I recently started doing enticer triathlons and I heard about CAMSUR Phils and I hope I could go back to the Phils one day and do the h-ironman in CAMSUR. Congratulations also on your win at PMacq last May.


PORT MONMOUTH is located in MONMOUTH county, New Jersey at latitude 40.434607 and longitude -74.101446 with an elevation of 9 feet. The population of PORT MONMOUTH is 3,742 as of the year 2000. The most common zip code of PORT MONMOUTH is 07758.


text:
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a fastidious, slow-growing, Gram-negative rod of the genus Capnocytophaga.  It is a commensal bacterium in the normal gingival flora of canine and feline species, but can cause illness in humans.  Transmission may occur through bites, licks, or even close proximity with animals.  C. canimorsus generally has low virulence in healthy individuals, but has been observed to cause severe, even grave, illness in persons with pre-existing conditions.  The pathogenesis of C. canimorsus is still largely unknown, but increased clinical diagnoses have fostered an interest in the bacillus.  Treatment with antibiotics is effective in most cases, but the most important yet basic diagnostic tool available to clinicians remains the knowledge of recent exposure to canines or felines.

History
Capnocytophaga canimorsus was first observed in 1976 by Bobo and Newton.  The pair isolated a previously unknown Gram-negative bacterium from a patient presenting with meningitis in addition to sepsis.  The patient had been previously exposed to two canine bites on two consecutive days from two different dogs.  Noting the coincidence between the timing of the bites with the onset of symptoms, Butler et al. analyzed 17 similar cases of patients presenting with either sepsis or meningitis from 1961 to 1975.  The cases had been sent to the CDC for examination due to the presence of an unknown Gram-negative bacillus isolated from infected individuals.  Butler notified the CDC of the high incidence of dog bites in connection with the infections.  The CDC could not identify the organism, so they applied the name CDC group DF-2.  DF-2 stands for dysgonic fermenter, meaning that the bacterium is a slow-growing, fermentative bacillus.  In 1989, while analyzing the properties of the unknown bacterium, Weaver et al. noted many similarities to bacteria of the genus Capnocytophaga.  Later that same year, Brenner et al. proposed the name Capnocytophaga canimorsus after examining the morphology, G+C% content, and motility of the species.

Etymology
The name Capnocytophaga is derived from the Greek word kapnos, meaning "smoke", and given here because of its dependence on carbon dioxide for growth. It was added to distinguish this genus from the Cytophaga genus, originating from the Greek words of kytos (meaning "cell"), and phagein (meaning "eat"). The species name of canimorsus comes from the Latin words canis and morsus, meaning "dog" and "bite" respectively.

Epidemiology
In the United States, 50% of Americans will be bitten by dogs during the course of their lifetimes; 1 million Americans are bitten by dogs annually.  Cases of human infection following exposure to C. canimorsus have been observed worldwide.  Cases have been reported in the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia and S. Africa.  Symptoms may appear within 2–3 days after exposure, or up to 4 weeks later.  Middle-aged and elderly persons are at greater risk for contraction of disease; more than 60% of sufferers are 50 years of age or older.  In addition, individuals who spend a greater portion of their time with canines and felines are also at higher risk.  This includes veterinarians, breeders, pet owners, and keepers.  Having certain pre-existing medical conditions exacerbates the risk.  Chance of infection by any bacterial species after dog bites varies between 3 and 20%; for cats, it may be as high as 50%.

Morphology, culture, and isolation
C. canimorsus is a fastidious, Gram-negative, fermentative, nonspore-forming rod.  Bacilli are usually 1-3 μm in length.  After growth on agar plates, longer rods tend to have a curved shape.  The bacteria do not have flagella, but move with a gliding motion, although this can be difficult to see.  C. canimorsus requires the right medium for growth.  The bacterium cultures well on blood agar plates (heart infusion agar with 5% sheep or rabbit blood) and chocolate agar plates.  Colonies may not be visible for up to 48 hours due to slow growth.  At 18 hours, colonies are usually less than 0.5 mm in diameter, and are spotty and convex.  At 24 hours, colonies may be up to 1 mm in diameter.  After 48 hours, colonies are narrow, flat, and smooth, with spreading edges.  At this time, colonies may appear to be purple, pink, or yellow, but once they are scraped from the agar plate, they are always yellow in appearance.

Genome
The genome of  C. canimorsus strain Cc5 consists of a single circular chromosome of 2,571,406 bp with a G+C content of 36.11%, and it encodes 2,405 open reading frames.

In animals
Members of the genus Capnocytophaga are found in the oral cavities of humans and animals.  Most of these species are not found in humans.  C. canimorsus is a commensal bacterium found in dogs and cats; it is not a member of the normal microbiota of humans.  About 26% of dogs carry these commensal bacteria in their mouths.  C. canimorsus rarely causes disease symptoms in animals.  One case of C. canimorsus isolated from a dog bite wound on a small dog's head has been reported; the bacteria were localized to the wound and the dog did not present with bacteremia.  A few cases of infection have been reported in rabbits after being bitten by dogs.  Clinical manifestations of C. canimorsus in rabbits causes a range of symptoms, including disseminated intravascular coagulation, cellular necrosis (tissue death), low blood pressure, gangrene, and kidney failure.

High-risk categories

In addition to those at higher risk of developing complications from C. canimorsus due to greater contact with felines and canines, certain pre-existing conditions place individuals in a critically high-risk category.  Among these are those who have undergone a splenectomy, alcoholics, and individuals with immunosuppression due to the use of steroids such as glucocorticoids.  Individuals with β-thalassemia and smokers are also listed as high-risk.  These individuals, like asplenics and alcoholics, have increased levels of alimentary iron in their bloodstream.  C. canimorsus requires large amounts of iron to grow, so these conditions are optimal for the bacillus.

Asplenia
Of the cases presented in literature, 33% occurred in asplenic individuals, who have decreased IgM and IgG production.  They also have delayed macrophage assembly and produce less tuftsin.  Tuftsin is responsible for the stimulation of phagocytosis, so its decrease in the presence of bacterial infection poses a problem.  A functional spleen is important for the removal of pathogens.  Because this particular pathogen seems to flourish in asplenic patients,  both IgM antibodies and tuftsin may be critical in the process of marking this bacterium for destruction by phagocytosis.  Asplenics  often have double the amount of healthy iron in their bloodstreams, and are 60 times more at risk of developing fatal clinical manifestations of the bacterium.  Individuals with asplenia often experience symptom onset within a day of exposure.  The infection rapidly progresses toward multiple organ system failures and finally death.  The mortality rate in individuals with asplenia is much higher than any other at risk-category for C. canimorsus infections.

Alcoholism
People who struggle with alcohol addiction represent around 24% of individuals presenting with C. canimorsus infections.  Alcoholism has been shown to result in decreased superoxide production in neutrophils, as well as declines in neutrophil elastase activity.  This results in an increase in predisposition to bacteremia (bacteria in the blood).  As a result, people suffering from alcoholism are more likely to suffer from the more dangerous aspects of C. canimorsus invasions.  Finally, alcoholics are associated with increased blood iron content.

Immunosuppression
Immunosuppressants are often used to treat autoimmune diseases, such as lupus.  When  individuals undergo treatment with immunosuppressants such as glucocorticoids, their bodies' defenses are lowered.  As a result, exposure to C. canimorsus is more infectious in these individuals than in healthy individuals. Immunosuppressed patients make up about 5% of individuals presenting with C. canimorsus symptoms.

Symptom onset and clinical manifestations
Symptoms appear within 1–8 days after exposure to C. canimorsus but usually present around day 2.  Symptoms range from mild, flu-like symptoms to full-blown fulminant sepsis.  Individuals often complain of any combination of: fever, vomiting, diarrhea, malaise, abdominal pain, myalgia, confusion, dyspnea, headaches, and skin rashes such as exanthema.  More severe cases of endocarditis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and meningitis have been reported.  Prior treatment with methylprednisolone has been shown to prolong bacteremia in these infections, which enables the progression of endocarditis.

Differential diagnosis
Diagnosing infections with C. canimorsus can be difficult.  Common practice for culturing isolates is to keep agar plates for one week; sometimes, cultures of C. canimorsus are not visible at that point due to slow growth or inappropriate media.  C. canimorsus requires very specific culture media and conditions; enriched media are necessary.  C. canimorsus displays enhanced growth in high concentrations of carbon dioxide, so culturing the bacteria in candle extinction jars or carbon dioxide incubators is necessary.  To diagnose this bacillus, certain reactions may be tested.  The bacterium should test positive for catalase and oxidase, arginine dihydrolase, maltose, and lactose.  It should test negative for nitrate reduction, urease, and H2S production.  C. canimorsus can be distinguished from other Gram-negative bacteria by testing negative for inulin and sucrose.  Due to the relatively slow growth of this bacterium, diagnosis often relies upon the clinician having knowledge that the patient was previously in contact with a canine or feline.  Once aware of this, clinicians can request that agar plates be kept longer than one week to ensure proper isolation of the bacterium.  Sometimes, even these methods fail.  Cases have been noted where cultures repeatedly came up negative for C. canimorsus, only to determine its presence with 16S rRNA gene sequencing.  PCR assays of species-specific genes may also be beneficial.  For individuals presenting with meningitis, C. canimorsus can be diagnosed with a cerebrospinal fluid Gram stain.  These methods are more costly, but are the best way to ensure species-level identification.  Isolates are usually obtained from blood cultures (88% of the time) and less frequently from bite wounds.  In incidents where the patient is in full septic shock, whole blood smears may be effective.

Treatment
Immediate cleansing of wounds caused by canines and felines can be successful in keeping C. canimorsus infections at bay.  Irrigation of wounds with saline is recommended and individuals are encouraged to seek medical help for the administration of antibiotics.  Antibiotics are recommended if wounds are deep or individuals postpone seeking medical attention. Antibiotics that contain beta-lactamase inhibitors (i.e., oral Augmentin or parenteral Unasyn) cover C. canimorsus, as well as other organisms common in bites.

Penicillin G is the drug of choice, although some isolates have been found to show resistance.  C. canimorsus is susceptible to ampicillin, third-generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol.  It has shown resistance to gentamicin.  Treatment is recommended for a minimum of three weeks.  Hospitalization is required in more severe infections.  For cases of sepsis, high doses of penicillin are required. Third-generation cephalosporins are often given prior to diagnosis because they cover a broad range of Gram-negative bacteria.  After diagnosis, provided the strain is not beta-lactamase-producing, medication should be switched to penicillin G. Presumably, penicillin G could be given with a beta-lactamase inhibitor combination, such as Unasyn, for patients with a beta-lactamase-producing strain.

Mortality of meningitis-related infections is much lower than mortality associated with sepsis.  Because C. canimorsus induces fulminant sepsis, earlier diagnosis is associated with greater survival.

Evasion of immune system
C. canimorsus has been observed to multiply in the presence of mouse J774.1 macrophages.  Macrophages recognize and kill pathogens by engulfing them.  They also secrete cytokines necessary to begin the immune pathway cascade.  C. canimorsus bacteria are not internalized by macrophages; in fact, macrophage monolayers break down in their presence, suggestive of a cytotoxin.  In the presence of C. canimorsus, cytokine activity is greatly downregulated, because the macrophages fail to produce TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1α, interferon-γ, and nitric oxide.  In addition, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 ) normally recognizes pathogens and begins a signalling cascade to induce production of proinflammatory cytokines via the NF-κB pathway.  In cells infected with C. canimorsus, TLR4 did not activate the signalling pathway, so did not elicit an inflammatory response by the immune system.  Because this species does not elicit a strong inflammatory response, the bacteria have ample time for replication before detection by the host immune system.  Electron micrographs of J774.1 monolayers infected with C. canimorsus have shown cells of the bacteria within the macrophage's vacuoles, surrounded by bacterial septa.  This suggests that C. canimorsus replicates intracellularly in macrophages.  C. canimorsus cells also show resistance to killing by complement and killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNMs).  C. canimorsus, when in the presence of PMNs, feeds on them by deglycosylating host glycans.  In fact, in the presence of PMNs, C. canimorsus experiences robust growth.  C. canimorsus has the ability to evade these necessary immune functions, and, therefore, must be taken seriously.  Greater knowledge about the pathogenesis of this bacterium is required to prevent and treat the diseases associated with it.

References

External links

Flavobacteria
Bacterial diseases
Zoonoses
Bacteria described in 1989
Cat diseases

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Have an easier pregnancy, labour and birth!
Birth has been compared to climbing a mountain or completing a marathon. Being physically fit is an advantage. Exercise generally improves pregnancy, birth and newborn outcomes for people with normal pregnancies. There may be a protective factor for gestational diabetes, congenital anomalies, miscarriage, placental problems, intrauterine growth restriction, high blood pressure or fetal death. Evidence suggests that abnormal heart rates, cord entanglement, and the presence of meconium are significantly reduced. While there is no increase in premies, there may be fewer postdate gestations.
Have an easier & healthier pregnancy, labour and birth!


Mr. Raymond E. Cabillot is Director of the Company. He has served on the board of directors of Oxbridge Re Holdings Limited, a specialty property and casualty reinsurer, since 2013, and Pro-Dex, Inc., a manufacturer of surgical, dental, and scientific instruments, since 2013. Mr. Cabillot also served as Chairman of the Board of O.I. Corporation, a manufacturer of chemical analysis and monitoring products, from 2007 through 2010. Mr. Cabillot earned his BA with a double major in economics and chemistry from St. Olaf College and an MBA from the University of Minnesota. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst. Mr. Cabillot was elected to the Board for his strong analytical skills and over 25 years' experience as a financial analyst and investment manager. His prior service as a public company director and chairman also brings valuable corporate governance experience to the Board.


text:
Q: The use of "real" in the following cases
Possible Duplicate:
Real quick question

If you listen real close...
Can you swing by real quick...

Sentences like the above two are what I often hear in daily life. If I didn't hear them in the real world, I would probably be more ready to say "If you listen really close..." and "Can you swing by really quick...".
Is real being used as an adjective in this scenario? If so, is the usage of adj.+ adj. a common practice in English language?

A: It is an adverb, because it is modifying the intensity of the verbal phrase, not the noun. In this case, it is no different than "very," most commonly used as an adverb.

A: Real here is used as an adverb here meaning very. This usage is mostly informal and American.

A: As intensifiers (words that make an adjective stronger), the adjective form of a word (without the ly) is used very often instead of the adverb form in English. As some of the other answers and comments have remarked, these words are indeed adverbs because they modify adjectives.
For example:

bloody stupid (U.K.),
wicked cold (Boston),
dead certain.

If you said bloodily stupid in England, wickedly cold in Boston, or deadly certain pretty much anywhere, it would sound real funny. People say real hot but don't often say real true, because real is an intensifier in the first but not the second. (See Google Ngram).

A: There is a comprehensive article looking at various aspects (including historical preferences and shifts) of adverbs-that-resemble-adjectives here; it cites other good sources. The question of which of these so-called flat adverbs are licensed by some style guides is also partially addressed. I'd just add here that sometimes, flat adverbs have a different sense from their related -ly forms:

We went to Rome, and then flew directly on to Rio. (ie as quickly as possible).
  We flew direct to Rio. (ie without landing mid-journey).

The use of the -ly-less form is best usually regarded as informal though, in my opinion.
Addressing your second question, I'd reiterate that I think it's about time degree modifiers:

He drove a real(/ly) fast car.
  He's plumb loco.
  He drove real(/ly) fast.

and other 'secondary modifiers':

It was chillingly realistic.
  Time passed excruciatingly slowly.

were recognised as having very different functions from words modifying verbs.

A: The correct full form of these phrases is to add '-ly' to both words, making them form one adverbial section:

*

*"If you listen real close..." → "If you listen really closely..."

*"Can you swing by real quick..." → "Can you swing by really quickly..."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Loretta Lynn's
Loretta Lynn's Ranch
800 TN-13
Hurricane Mills, TN
450 Class Results
Consolation Race
Combined Qualifying
Group B Qualifying
Group A Qualifying
Highlights: 2020 Best of Pro Motocross season Recap
Relive some of the top moments from the 2020 Lucas Oil Pro Motocross Championship
30+2: Loretta Lynn's 2 National Gallery
A gallery of some of the best shots from the Motosport.com Loretta Lynn's II National on August 22, courtesy of Align Media.
FMF Privateer Power Award: Loretta Lynn's National
The FMF Privateer Power Award celebrates the efforts of a privateer who defied the odds at each round of the 2020 season.
Deltran Battery Tender RC Hard Charger Award: Loretta Lynn's
The Deltran Battery Tender RC Hard Charger Award recognizes the one rider at each round of the championship who overtakes the highest number of his fellow rider in either 450 Class moto.
Recap: 2020 Loretta Lynn's National Amateur Day
A recap of the Loretta Lynn's Amateur Motocross, held in conjunction with the season-opening Circle K Loretta Lynn's National.
MotoSport.com Holeshot Replays: Loretta Lynn's National
MotoSport.com Holeshot replays from the Circle K Loretta Lynn's National, Round 1 of the 2020 Lucas Oil Pro Motocross Championship.
GoPro On-Board: Loretta Lynn's National
GoPro on-board footage from the Circle K Loretta Lynn's National, Round 1 of the 2020 Lucas Oil Pro Motocross Championship.
Highlights: 2020 Circle K Loretta Lynn's National
Video highlights of the Circle K Loretta Lynn's National, Round 1 of the 2020 Lucas Oil Pro Motocross Championship.
Circle K Loretta Lynn's National Results
Results of the Circle K Loretta Lynn's National, Round 1 of the 2020 Lucas Oil Pro Motocross Championship.
A gallery of some of the best shots from the season opening Circle K Loretta Lynn's National on August 15, courtesy of Align Media.
Sexton and Ferrandis Set the Pace in Loretta Lynn's Qualifying
The first qualifying session of 2020 has wrapped up at Loretta Lynn's, with Chase Sexton and Dylan Ferrandis topping the time sheets.
Washougal National Canceled, Round 2 Moves to Loretta Lynn's Ranch
MX Sports Pro Racing has announced the cancelation of the Washougal National. Round 2 will now take place at Loretta Lynn's Ranch on August 22.
More from last year at Loretta Lynn's 2


text:
Tough Times? Some Professions Are Still Booming
Thread starter Eli Weiss
It looks like the world oldest profession it surviving these though times....
Not that I'm suggesting this as a side job for anybody
Prostitution has not suffered drop-off despite economic meltdown
It's still a good time to be morally bankrupt.
The plunging Dow Jones and panicky investors are hardly a problem for the world's oldest profession, where business is still brisk.
"The market is down, business is down, but we feel it less," said Dylan, 24, a promotional model-turned-Manhattan prostitute. "We're still busy."
Maybe we should learn their survival techniques....
http://www.nydailynews.com/money/2008/10/11/2008-10-11_prostitution_has_not_suffered_dropoff_de.html
rcsone
....all you hafta do is lie and lay yourself around......or is it lay and lie yourself around.......and you would be free from comp checks until after the fact.........rs
Michigan CG
Eli Weiss said:
Farming?....
AJL118
The oldest profession has survived since time began (I assume because I haven't lived that long). But, if you're into that for survival, don't you still have bargain for your fee? Sound familiar? -)
Crunch Hardtack
Why not? The honest, ethical appraiser has been taking it up the *** for the last several years, we might as well get paid for it................anyone got Barney Frank or Larry Craig's phone numbers?
Licensed Appraiser
At least it's a honest profession. you know exactly what your going to get for your money.
Mark K
Timothy Evans said:
Farming will always pay better than prostitution.
Prostitutes don't get the huge gov't subsidies and tax breaks that farmers get. But they both pay about the same in protection money. Prostitutes to their lawyers and pimps and farmers to their local and national politicians.


text:
StubHub Partners With Lolli to Offer Bitcoin Rewards on Ticket Purchases
By Dominic Massimino
StubHub has partnered with bitcoin rewards app Lolli to give bitcoin back to Lolli users who buy tickets on StubHub, spanning sporting events, concerts, and more.
Users can get up to 6% of their StubHub purchase paid back to them in bitcoin through Lolli, which also has partnerships with other retailers such as Microsoft, Sephora, Kroger, and Best Buy. Serena Williams is an investor in Lolli, which recently raised a $10 million Series A funding round led by Acrew Capital.
"We are committed to continually innovating to enhance the fan experience and are excited to partner with Lolli to bring this new and first-of-its-kind in the industry opportunity to our customers," Dave Huff, head of partnerships at StubHub, said in a statement.
MLB's Oakland Athletics, the NHL's San Jose Sharks, and the NBA's Dallas Mavericks are among the professional sports teams that accept cryptocurrency from fans buying tickets.
PREVIOUS Watford Gets Doge, A's Get Outta Dodge NEXT Tyreek Hill, CJ McCollum, Mikey Williams Partner With Activity Tracker LaceClips
https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Daily/Issues/2021/08/27/Technology/stubhub-partners-with-lolli-to-offer-bitcoin-rewards-on-ticket-purchases.aspx


Need battery in a hurry? This wireless charger will have your Smartphone refuelled in no time. Simply connect the wireless charger to a power source and place your phone on top of it, simple.
Good, solid, well-built product. Works like a dream! Simple and easy to use straight out of the box.


text:
Wanted rogue police officer dies in road accident in Machakos
By Cyrus Ombati | January 19th 2020 at 14:33:54 GMT +0300
A 23-year-old police officer who was wanted for investigation into claims of robbery with violence in Murang'a and Kiambu counties died in an accident along Kangundo-Kakuyuni Road, Machakos.
Constable Wilson Ndunda Kiilu died on Saturday when a motorcycle he was riding on as a pillion collided with a lorry.
Police said the rider also died after he and Kiilu sustained serious head injuries.
Kiilu had been missing from his place of work in Murang'a South since last year December, following a robbery with violence incident that was reported in the area.
A suspect was arrested after the robbery and mentioned the officer. Local commanders sent a note and circulated it among their command saying they were looking for the officer for grilling.
1 Police boss puts rogue officers on notice over crime
2 Eight injured in Machakos road accident
3 Eight minutes of horror in hands of rogue officers
This followed a robbery in the area where a man was robbed of cash and valuables before his attackers escaped. The car the attackers were using was later recovered and one suspect arrested.
Kiilu was also linked to other robberies that were reported in Thika, Kiambu County.
It was until Saturday that it was established he was in Kangundo, when his identity cards were recovered from his clothes.
Authorities handling the matter said they are investigating to establish if he was involved in other similar robbery incidents in the area.
The bodies of the two were taken to the local mortuary.
Cases of police being involved in crime are on the rise with authorities making efforts to address them. President Kenyatta on Friday ordered that officers who are involved in crimes should not be transferred elsewhere but instead be sacked.
There are dozens of cases pending in various places in which police are accused of being involved in crime.
Last year in October, police headquarters ordered that among others, all off duty officers be required to surrender their weapons at the armory in their respective stations before clocking out.
Crime branch officers will also be expected to be in uniform when attending court sessions to give evidence.
This followed a meeting that focused on increasing the visibility of officers in uniform who are on their daily beat and patrols.
Firearms will only be issued depending on the nature of the duty assigned to officers who will have to be briefed and debriefed after every assignment.
There is also planned zoning of Nairobi under an officer of the rank of police commissioner to complement the efforts of the regional commander as part of efforts to address the menace.
How Police brutality might have led to rise in COVID-19 cases in Mombasa
Pregnant woman bleeds to death in the wake of Kenya Police brutality
Ajali yawaua watu 14 Matuu, Machakos
Rogue police officer Machakos road accident
How homeschooling works in Kenya
Eight minutes of horror in hands of rogue officers
Rogue Police Officers


Thought I'd end up with Shane. But he wasn't a match.
Wrote some notes about Anthony. Now I read them and laugh.
Even almost got married. And for Phoenix so thankful.
Wish I Could say thank u to Kendall.
Cuz he was an angel.
And one taught me Pain.
So look what I've got. Look what you taught me, and for that I say.


text:
Birdcrime Report
Birdcrime Report: RSPB calls on governments to help end the illegal persecution of birds of prey
Martin Fowlie @RSPBNews
The UK's birds of prey continue to be at risk according the latest Birdcrime report which has revealed a minimum of 68 confirmed incidents of detected illegal bird of prey persecution in 2017.
Birdcrime 2017 – the only report summarising offences against birds of prey (also known as raptors) in the UK – revealed 48 shooting, 9 poisoning, 3 trapping, 4 nest destruction and 4 other incidents of illegal persecution against raptors. However, evidence suggests these figures are just the tip of the iceberg with many illegal killings going undetected or unreported.
And it's not only detection that is a problem. There were just four raptor persecution-related prosecutions in 2017 and only a single conviction.
Among the victims found were both rare species such as hen and marsh harriers, peregrine falcons, and short-eared owls as well as more common species such as red kites and buzzards, putting the ongoing recovery of some of these species at risk.
The report also revealed that more than three quarters (55) of the confirmed incidents took place in England. However, incidents weren't confined to England, with the report highlighting confirmed case in Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland.
Martin Harper, RSPB Conservation Director, said: "Birds of prey are part of our heritage and inspire us. We should all be able to enjoy seeing these magnificent birds, however illegal activity continues to put species at risk. There are laws in place to protect these birds but they are clearly not being respected or adequately enforced. We need governments across the UK to do more to tackle illegal killing to protect our raptors for us and for future generations to enjoy. "
Previous research has shown that illegal killing of birds of prey is associated with land managed for intensive driven grouse shooting, leaving vast areas of our uplands without typical breeding raptors. A Natural England study revealed 'compelling evidence' that persecution of hen harriers – associated with driven grouse moors - was the main factor limiting their recovery in England.
Governments need to do far more to create a climate of accountability, particularly on shooting estates. Whilst there has been some steady progress in Scotland, elsewhere far more needs to be done. The RSPB is calling on the UK Governments to introduce a system of licensing for driven grouse shooting, to ensure land is managed legally and sustainably. This would also help tackle the wider problems of intensive management of 'big bag' driven grouse shooting, like the draining of and burning on fragile peat bogs. A fair set of rules in the form of a licensing system could help ensure shoots are operating legally and sustainably and introduce the option of restricting or removing a licence in response to the most serious offences, for example where staff on an estate have been convicted of illegally killing birds of prey.
Bob Elliot, RSPB Head of Investigations, said: "The persecution of birds of prey is a widespread problem in the UK, and is affecting some of our most loved and vulnerable species, like owls and eagles. Every week the RSPB's Investigations team get reports of yet another raptor being shot, trapped or poisoned. But for every report we receive, scientific studies suggest there are many more that go undetected and unreported. As such, these figures only scratch the surface of the true extent of raptor persecution in the UK."
The RSPB has also launched the Raptor Persecution Map Hub. This comprises two interactive maps – one which can be filtered by year and incident type, and the other that provides an overview 'heat map' of confirmed incidents across the UK for the period 2012-2017 – enabling people to see where this illegal activity is occurring.
For the full copy of Birdcrime 2017 report summarising the extent of illegal persecution offences against birds of prey in the UK, visit www.rspb.org.uk/birdcrime
Tagged with: Country: UK Topic: Birds and wildlife Topic: Birds of prey


text:
Participation in adapted dynamic cycling (ADC) - experiences of children and young people with cerebral palsy: a work in progress
Pickering, Dawn, Visser, Karen Susan, Horrocks, Lyn and Todd, Gabriela 2012. Participation in adapted dynamic cycling (ADC) - experiences of children and young people with cerebral palsy: a work in progress. Presented at: Association of Paediatric Chartered Physiotherapists Annual Conference, Guoman Hotel, London, UK, 9-10 November 2012.
Background: Children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP) may have difficulty participating in leisure activities (Fauconnier et al, 2009; Mihaylovet et al, 2004). Cycling is one activity that can be adapted to increase participation. Objective: A research study has been carried out to measure the effects of participation in six sessions of Adapted Dynamic Cycling (ADC) at a voluntary organisation cycle hire facility Methodology: Mixed method design – muscle strength measures of the quadriceps and hamstrings, and muscle length of the hamstrings were taken before and after six ADC sessions. Interviews were carried out and diaries kept about cycling experiences. Measurement data is being analysed with SPSS18 and the qualitative data by a thematic approach. Results: Seventeen children and young people volunteered to be part of the study, seven boys and ten girls aged between 2 and 17 years. Their abilities ranged from Levels I-IV on the Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (Palisano et al, 1997). Fourteen complete sets of muscle strength and length data were collected, as well as twenty-six interviews and eight diaries. Preliminary findings have shown a statistically significant increase in quadriceps strength (right p=0.018; left p=0.021). Hamstring length is currently being analysed using Silicon coach. The interviews and diaries revealed the benefits of social participation increasing the participant's sense of well-being. The affordability of hiring an adapted bike provided wider opportunity for participation. Conclusions / Implication for practice: The children and young people's experiences were enjoyable and increased their participation. Policy makers should consider if ADC could be available for hire in their area to support the physiotherapy rehabilitation (Fowler et al, 2007).
R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics > RJ101 Child Health. Child health services
R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Nancie Finnie Charitable Turst


Producers making the switch to organic crops not only fetch premium prices, according to a recent study; they also build healthy soil and sequester carbon. The study, published in Crop Management in April, summarizes results from the Long-Term Agroecological Research (LTAR) Experiment at Iowa State University. The study showed changes in soil quality: organic plots had up to 40 percent more biologically active soil organic matter. Organic soils also had lower acidity and higher amounts of carbon, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, and calcium.
A new Community and Local Food Resources website is available to assist in rural community food system development. This website is a partnership between Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, but most resources are applicable for any rural community. This website provides resources to support communities just beginning to build their community food systems as well as those whose local food systems are already strong. Topics addressed include local food policy, affordability, marketing, production, food safety, and organizational structure.
USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is accepting applications from landowners interested in the nationwide Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) and Grassland Reserve Program (GRP). A new round of funding authorizes $255 million to enroll up to 100,000 additional acres into WRP and $47 million to enroll up to 200,000 additional acres into GRP. Anyone interested in these voluntary programs should contact their state or local NRCS office. Sign-up dates and deadlines vary by state.
The American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control held its 10th Anniversary Conference in May. Conference proceedings are now available online. Speakers discussed the development of anthelmintic resistance, treatment alternatives, genetics of parasite resistance, and pasture management.
In Michigan, Fair Food Network's Double Up Food Bucks (DUFB) offers a monetary incentive to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients to spend their food assistance benefits at farmers markets. When a recipient spends SNAP funds at a participating market, DUFB matches the purchase with up to $20 per market visit. A new report on the program reveals dramatic increases in healthy food purchases at participating local farmers markets by low-income citizens in Michigan and Ohio.
In New York, Citizens' Committee for Children (CCC) has released a report titled From Farm to Table: The Use of Federally-Funded Food Programs at New York City Farmers' Markets. CCC surveyed regional farmers who sell produce in local farmers markets on how program usage contributed to their sales and about the strengths and barriers they experienced with WIC, SNAP, and the Farmers Market Nutrition Program. The report offers recommendations to increase the use of these programs in New York City's farmers markets.
Guidance on conducting research on the economic impact of local and regional food commerce is outlined in a brief released by the Michigan State University Center for Regional Food Systems and the Union of Concerned Scientists' Food & Environment Program. Economic Analysis of Local and Regional Food Systems: Taking Stock and Looking Ahead considers necessary elements of a robust economic impact analysis of local food and identifies questions those commissioning a study will want to ask.
The Office of Refugee Resettlement within the Administration for Children and Families of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services invites competitive grant applications for projects under the Refugee Agricultural Partnership Program (RAPP). Grant applications should propose strategies that incorporate agriculture and food systems to improve the lives of refugee families. Total program funding is $1 million, with estimated grant awards of up to $85,000.
Applications are due by July 2, 2013.
USDA's Rural Cooperative Development Grants of up to $200,000 are awarded to Rural Cooperative Development Centers, which in turn provide technical assistance to individuals and entities. Nonprofit corporations or institutions of higher education can apply for matching funds to establish and operate centers for rural cooperative development.
Application deadline is July 15, 2013.
Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources is accepting applications from farmers for the Farm Viability Enhancement Program. This is a business-planning and technical-assistance program that provides management advice and grants from $25,000 to $100,000 to implement farm growth and sustainability strategies.
The deadline for submitting applications is June 18, 2013.
This class from North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension is directed at small producers of natural/organic eggs, extension agents, and purchasers of locally grown products. The class will include both lecture material and hands-on laboratories on proper methods of grading and evaluating the internal and external quality of shell eggs. It will include a review of egg law that applies to small producers.
Join the Seed Savers Exchange community at the 33rd Annual Conference and Campout. This event brings together experts and amateurs to share seed-saving knowledge and stories. Workshops, a seed swap, and social events are planned.
In this Farminar, PA-WAgN Specialty Mentor Judi Radel will describe the transition process adopted at her farm and describe her fencing, watering, and movement systems. She will review the benefits of mob grazing and discuss the possibilities for increased production.
What can you tell me about pruning greenhouse tomatoes?


"MGM is committed to celebrating diversity and the beauty of other cultures. We're excited to bring 'KABUKI LION' to Las Vegas so that audiences from around the world can experience the tradition that Japan has kept alive for centuries," said Bill Hornbuckle, president of MGM Resorts International.
Originating in the early 17th century, Kabuki combines three Japanese words, "ka" - signifying song, "bu" - dance and "ki" - skill. The art form is known for its stunning presentation, dynamic fight scenes, masterful choreography and the unique "onnagata" - male actors who impersonate women in Kabuki theatre.
"KABUKI LION Shi-Shi-O: The Adventures of the Mythical Lion" will perform in Las Vegas during Japan's Golden Week, which commemorates several national holidays including Shōwa Day, Constitution Memorial Day, Greenery Day, and Children's Day. Due to the holidays, Golden Week is one of the busiest times of the year for Japanese nationals to travel.
To celebrate Golden Week, dynamically designed hologram samurai shows will return to The Fountains of Bellagio from April 29-May 7. The water shows can be seen daily at 8 p.m., 9 p.m., 10 p.m., and 11 p.m.
The coming-of-age tale tells the story of Shi-Shi-O, a devout Buddhist who sends his children on a mission to defeat a mythical creature and retrieve a sacred sword that has been stolen from Monju, the deity of spiritual wisdom. To do so, the brothers must descend from a stone bridge and into the netherworld, where they face trials and tribulations that also serve as rites of passage.
In August 2015, Shochiku, the world's premier Kabuki producer and global ambassador, debuted another epic performance also starring Ichikawa Somegoro. The limited-run production consisted of a series of shows staged at The Fountains of Bellagio, integrating the ancient art form with water choreography, projections and music to create a visually stunning spectacle.
The variety of ventures produced by the company, including "KABUKI LION Shi-Shi-O: The Adventures of the Mythical Lion," all aim to raise worldwide awareness for the art by orchestrating elaborate, high-tech performances unlike anything Las Vegas and traditional Kabuki have ever seen.
"KABUKI LION Shi-Shi-O: The Adventures of the Mythical Lion" brings together Panasonic and the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation to create a high-tech, full-feature production inside the David Copperfield Theater.
"KABUKI LION Shi-Shi-O: The Adventures of the Mythical Lion" will perform Tuesday, May 3 through Friday, May 6 at 8 p.m., and Saturday, May 7 at 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. To purchase tickets, visit mgmgrand.com or call 1-877-880-0880.


text:
On suicide watch? — Julianne Schultz
Crossing the line — Ashley Hay
Lost and found in translation — Kim Mahood
Boodjar ngan djoorla — Claire G Coleman
A fragile civilisation — Stephen Muecke
The planet is alive — Tom Griffiths
We all took a stand — David Ritter
Life and death on Dyarubbin — Grace Karskens
Rebuilding reefs, restoring memory — Anna Clark
Valuing country — Jane Gleeson-White
The costs of consumption — James Bradley
Climate change, science and country — Brendan Mackey
Transforming landscapes — Charles Massy
Encounters with amnesia — Inga Simpson
The suburbs, the '60s — Kate Veitch
Every path tells — Cassandra Pybus
It's scary but nobody cares — Ashley Kalagian Blunt
How to draw a tree — Sophie Cunningham
A change in the political weather? — Paul Daley
The butterfly effect — Jo Chandler
Eating turtle — Suzy Freeman-Greene
Ghost species and shadow places — Cameron Muir
Remaking nature — Andrew Stafford
Tamby East — Jenny Sinclair
River cities — Sophie Overett
The storm — Amanda Niehaus
Bobby Moses — Tony Birch
Geebung, near Braidwood — Alison Thompson
The secret to trout — Young Dawkins
Shape-shift — Olga Pavlinova Olenich
Autobiography — John Kinsella
The encroaching silence — Eddie Game, The Nature Conservancy
Moments in Vanuatu — Kerrie Foxwell-Norton, Monique Pueblos, Kriti Gupta, Kate Styles, Cathy Ross and Emilie Ledwidge
Things we want to know but forget to ask — MECO: The Material Ecologies Research Network
Outlier — Michael Adams
Pulling down fences — Susan Forde
could be — Moya Costello
One true note? — Gregory Day
Responding to climate change — Griffith Climate Change Response Program
Pulling down fences
An oral history with Lyall Munro Jr
by Susan Forde
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are advised that this article contains the names of people who have died.
In 2012, researchers Susan Forde, Kerrie Foxwell, and Elizabeth Burrows embarked on a research project to collect and present the 'voices' of the movement for land rights and equality in Queensland. It was motivated by an urgent need to record the contribution of many activists and political voices little known to the broader Australian community who have had a significant impact on the shape of Indigenous politics and affairs over the past century. The project was scoped in consultation with the people interviewed, and aimed to engage with and listen to both the Indigenous researchers who worked on the project and the interviewees themselves to guide the project's content and boundaries.
For much of our recent history, Aboriginal voices have been interpreted and twisted to meet particular news and political agendas. Given this understanding, a key aim of this project has been to present the voices of the movement 'unfiltered'. The following interview with long-time activist Lyall Munro Jr has been lightly edited in the interests of moulding the story and bringing reading clarity to Lyall's memories and thoughts; but on the whole, the text presented below is raw in its insights and recollections.
Lyall Munro Jr is a Kamilaroi man who was born in Moree, in northern New South Wales, in 1951. He has taken a leading and radical role in the Aboriginal land rights movement, participating in major actions such as the 1972 Aboriginal Tent Embassy, 1982 Commonwealth Games protests, 1988 bicentennial protests, anti-Bjelke-Petersen actions in Queensland, and the dismantling of the gates of the Parliament Houses in both Sydney and Brisbane following failed land rights negotiations. He was involved in the establishment of the Aboriginal Legal Service, Aboriginal Medical Service and the Aboriginal housing co-operatives in the 1970s, and was a key spokesperson when nineteen-year-old Aboriginal man Ronald McIntosh was shot and killed by white locals in Moree in 1982.
The son of an activist, Munro Jr traces his 'goolie' – the fire in his belly – to his childhood on the New Moree Mission and his unfaltering awareness of the racial undertones that infiltrate a town such as Moree. It was indeed the only local government area in Australia that had enshrined racial segregation in its local by-laws, and along with other western New South Wales towns formed the core of Australia's 'geography of confrontation'[i] on race issues. For this reason, Moree became the target of the late Charles Perkins's Freedom Ride, in which Perkins and his supporters forced their way into Moree's segregated public pool to swim with six young Aboriginal boys from the Moree Mission. Lyall Munro Jr was thirteen at the time, and his older brother, Dan, was one of the young boys who swam with Perkins.
In this interview, Munro Jr – affectionately called 'Lyally Mo' by those who know him – shares his memories of the struggle for rights from the 1960s through to now, alongside his early recollections of life on Moree Mission and his prickling need to be free.
(Lyall Munro Jr, photograph by Keara Forde)
I WAS BORN across the road here, at the hospital behind me, in 1951. It was a time of intense segregated racism in the town. I think we were one of the only towns where it was legislated, the apartheid system. I was born in the section of the Moree District Hospital called the McMaster Ward, which was restricted for Aboriginal people – most of us from my era and most of us who were born in the late '40s were also born there. Most of those of us born in the '50s and '60s were also born there in the segregated section.
I was born into a family of twelve children, we basically lived on…the New Mission Moree. We went to the mission school, which was called Moree Aboriginal School. It went through a name change because there was a great lot of confusion about who we were at the time. We were unfortunately [initially] identified as Wiradjuri people, then some people of the mission, including my Dad, decided that out of respect for the biggest nation in this part of the country [the school should change its name]…because we are not Wiradjuri people, we are Kamilaroi. Some of us have married into Wiradjuri people. We are proud of that because the two nations played major roles in the struggle and the role we've played in the struggle.
On the mission, we had our own swimming pool down there which we helped to build, us kids, at the time. The men dug it out with the help of the Apex Club, because of the apartheid legislation here. We were more at home there in our own swimming pool, we took great pride and joy in cleaning it every Tuesday and Thursday with our brooms. There was no filtration system then, and our beautiful water would fill it. We had our own water system down there, had our own bore, almost pure mineral water. That serviced our whole system including our drinking water, and filling our pool up twice a week.
An anecdote, and it's a rather personal one. When I was a young fella, I had a problem dealing with the fence, in particular. The fence I think was a three-string wired fence. And that restricted us to that little area [the mission grounds]… Even though it was a fence maybe not even three-foot high, it was only three strands of wire. But you just didn't go beyond that.
I used to wait until my parents were asleep and I'd sneak out, and I'd sneak up to the mission through the oval and to the ramp or the main gate. And I knew a lot of the dogs, so it was pretty easy to control them, to stop them from barking. Because the manager was always alert and always watching with an evil eye. And I used to sneak through the oval, even though I was frightened, and I'd sit on the gate, and I'd sit there and think, What is out there? Even though at the time we were allowed to come into town for authorised visits like sport with the East Moree Primary, but on most occasions, most of the schools here came to the mission. And I always thought, what else is there? These kinds of children's thoughts about 'what's out there?' And then I'd find myself sort of getting down the other side of the gate very slowly, and just standing there for about twenty seconds, and then jumping back on the gate in fear of the unknown, and what the unknown had to offer, and what it was going to do to me immediately, because of the emphasis on the restriction of this simple fence.
I'd done that a couple of times before I'd started to be aware of what that fence represented, subjugation and beyond, that thing called freedom… The essence of the word itself started coming home to people of our generation.
Moree has got a reputation, people refer to it as the Little Rock of Australia, in reference to the [deep] south in America, because of the similar racist practices… We couldn't go into most shops, it was only the Middle Eastern people here that catered for the needs of Aboriginal people, and that was actually the Christian Lebanese immigrants. Families like the Lahoods and the Haddads and families like that, who stood strong with Aboriginal people. The Lahoods in particular would bring their truck down to the mission with all the necessary foods and goods and stuff. And they had an ongoing saga with the manager, being allowed to come in, then not allowed, depending on the whim of whatever manager was there.
We had two managers there, the manager and the assistant manager. And the high school headmaster was also resident on the mission. So their kids also grew up with us on the mission too. But there was still that segregation. We literally couldn't try clothes on [in the town]. If we did buy clothes, we bought them and our parents obviously would have to apply the needle and amend them to suit us [because we couldn't try them on in the shop]. That was serious stuff.
I don't think the realisation started until after 1967 to exactly how real it was, and how terrifying it was. Because of our close proximity to the border we were aware of what was going on the other side of the border, particularly with the Joh Bjelke-Petersen regime, that also had an influence here.
I FIRST WENT to Sydney with my cousin, Sammy Munro… Sammy and I, I think we were sixteen or seventeen, and we went down to stay with relatives in Bondi Junction in 1968, and subsequently met up with all the future brethren through the old Foundation for Aboriginal Affairs group down in George Street, which was one of the only places available to us that was controlled by Aboriginal people like Charles Perkins, and Charlie's group at the time, who were instrumental in the struggle at the time. So that's where we started meeting people. I then went up and down the central coast for my sport and work – up to Umina, then to Newcastle, to Wagga up and down the coast visiting relatives, and working for electrical contractors in Bondi and then Newcastle…and went back to Moree in 1969 and ended up in Wee Waa cotton chipping in 1972. When cotton started opening up in the Namoi Valley in the 1960s and early '70s we worked cotton chipping, ten hours a day for a dollar an hour in heatwave conditions and repeated spraying every day by the planes with insecticide and pesticides. We became aware then of the real politics in Wee Waa when families like the Flicks there in Collarenebri, Michael Anderson, the Murray family from Brewarrina and that area around Collarenebri and Wee Waa. We got together and formed the Wee Waa Aboriginal Cotton Chippers Caucus, and proceeded to take 1,500 Aboriginal cotton chippers out on strike for the new award, which we were successful in and [that's] the award they work to now.
We had a series of meetings there in the back of the Royal Hotel, getting this body together. So that was my first foray into politics in reality. It was one of the first times I ever addressed an audience, a political audience, it was pretty scary but it went okay. I got a bit brave then and took control of an 18-gallon keg that was kind of languishing around there in the backyard of the hotel, and that ended up in the Moree and Walgett camp and as a result of that it was my first association with police, and I found myself in Wee Waa police cells. Wee Waa police station was new then, and it was referred to as the Opera House.
Paul Coe and Sol Bellear from the new Aboriginal Legal Service arrived, brother Billy Craigie came from the [tent] embassy earlier on, Michael Anderson came from the embassy and stayed in Wee Waa, and was involved in the Cotton Chippers Caucus and the strike, and he was very influential actually. And as a result of the strike we had to go and raise money to feed everyone, so I was elected to come to Sydney along with Michael Anderson to do a series of talks before the Trades and Labour Council and other groups in drumming up support for the strike and also to drum up money to feed the strikers. We were successful in that. I addressed the Trades and Labour Council there in '72, at the Trades Hall there in Sydney.
That went okay, we were successful in the strike, and we got the new awards through, and then became involved with the Aboriginal Legal Service of course. The rest they say is history. It became a new part of my life. A demanding part of my life, and it was a time of an awareness that I suppose 'got our goolie up' as they say, the resistance went from there.
AS A RESULT of the foundation of those organisations, in particular, I went to places I'd never dreamed of going to outside of this town, outside of this state, outside of this country. I feel privileged in the history of the struggle and the role that I've been allowed to play. Very privileged to be associated with, I would say, some of the bravest Aboriginal people that I've ever had the privilege to come in touch with, in all aspects of life. And I take great, great pride in that. Out of that leadership came very important Aboriginal leaders, the likes of the Coes and the Foleys, the Craigies, Mayers, and the Bellear brothers, and in Queensland people like Selly J (Selwyn Johnson) and the Johnson family, Santa Unmeapo and Sugar Ray Robinson.
Moments that stick out [in my mind]: the dismantling of the Parliament House fence in New South Wales and the dismantling of the Parliament House fence in Brisbane [for example]. The 1982 Commonwealth Games protests, and the National Aboriginal Government on Capital Hill in Canberra. That's pretty high up there, if they can be afforded as achievements in the struggle, they rank very highly on my priority list.
[And] I'm proud of the stand that we took collectively, over at Fingal… We took two twenty-seater buses over there when Ocean Blue, a multinational company, was going to redevelop Fingal as a marina after Fingal had been raped by the Japanese with the sand mining. We stood our ground there against the development, and the desecration of the cemetery site there. That was with the elders there with people like Noeleen Lever, Nan Fay and Sister Perseppa and then the Cherbourg mob led by Selly J (Selwyn Johnson) and the Johnson family and the Brisbane Natives [football team], and the Moree mob.
They set up the embassy called 'The Mingle in Fingal' and we were successful in denying Ocean Blue the development application to completely destroy Fingal and create another marina there to cater for white opulence. That was a real success story, part of my more direct involvement in the struggle.
I'm always reminded of my role with the founding of NAILSS, the National Aboriginal and Islander Legal Service Secretariat. I was the inaugural co-ordinator there, as a result of that myself and [Paul] Coe and Sugar Ray Robinson we ended up in being the delegates to the human rights commission in Geneva in '83 and '84. Ended up starting a special course there, and an international indigenous [peoples] program in Strasbourg, that at times included lectures at the International Human Rights University there in '84.
[Being in Europe I was] lonely, I thought of home every day and at times I cried with the loneliness. When I got back here in '84 I just decided there and then that I'll never leave this country ever again. For whatever reason. Never again will I leave this country. You just can't get on a bus and go home in Europe.
I don't know whether I could sit here and say if I had that time over again I'd do the same things. When you grow up with people in this time like I have, you tend to think you're pretty special sometimes, you tend to think you're bulletproof, for example. You tend to think you can't be hurt. You tend to think at times that you can protect everyone around you. Which is what we had to do while marching in the frontline. We also had to make sure that everyone was safe; that was a bit of a worry.
But there were stronger men and women than me in the struggle. We complemented one another like I've never seen and never witnessed in my life. The fact that we can come from all different areas of this country at a given time in history and be on the same wavelength. Some of the situations we've found ourselves in were pretty freaky, pretty unreal. Very, very dangerous at times.
But in our struggle the step was always taken forwards, there was no thought of taking a backwards step. And I think we proved that at Musgrave [Park, in Brisbane] and I think we proved that at the '82 Commonwealth Games, I think we proved that at all the embassies and all the marches, and I think in Queensland and New South Wales, in particular, we proved that in '88 when we defied the old conservative gathering and dared to disagree and march down to Lady Macquarie's Chair, which we thought was more effective. We had direct access to the boats coming in, and direct access to the activities that were affecting us, and the embassy there was very successful.
I am reminded of one of the incidents there with brother Billy Craigie [one of the original four men who set up the Aboriginal Tent Embassy on the lawns of Parliament House in Canberra, 1972]. By then, [the Bicentenary Group had] just finished their first copy of their bicentennial history book and they asked one of us for the privilege to launch it. So brother Billy Craigie, he went and launched it…straight into the fucking sea. The six delegates there with monkey suits, they hit the water before the book. Like they were saving the cross of Jesus or something. It was the first copy…it came off the press, so brother Bill launched for them – straight into the fucking water.
Those memories are still with me, the spirit of those people are still very much a part of my life. I feel my body is made up of all of these dear brothers and sisters that I miss dearly, they have not only influenced me but played a major role in some of the [actions] that we have been successful in. It's been a tremendous journey, it's been a tremendous ride.
[GOING INTO BRISBANE and south-east Queensland under the Bjelke-Petersen government was] fuckin' scary. The border was scary. Boggabilla was even scary, Moree was scary. And the reality of all this fucking heartache was that sixty or eighty miles above us [over the border], was the State of Queensland. Moree people ventured into Queensland and actually bought Cherbourg people here to live.
They were aware of the notorious Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Act whilst working in the ringbarking camp up there. For example, when they were all getting paid, the Moree men saw the brothers from Cherbourg were putting their pay in an envelope and sending it home to the [mission] manager. The Moree mob started asking questions: 'What the fuck are yous doing? No. Not anymore. No way. That money's going into your wallet and your family and if you like you can come to Moree to make sure that occurs.'
And it was very scary, for fuck's sake at the time, but it didn't take long to realise the strength of the struggle in Queensland, and I think that other than Redfern, it was the only area I've seen on par with what we were witnessing and with what'd we'd seen here in Moree.
So we were aware of the Bjelke Joh[ii] regime. We are aware of that history because we are so close to Queensland. And we're Murris. We're the only the Murris outside of Queensland. So we have a close association not only with the people, but with their history. Because a lot of our people, my grandparents, my grandfather was born in St George, my grandmother was born in Goondiwindi, and I have other relatives up there in southern Queensland, that are hooked up through the storylines and the dreaming areas and the songlines. It was a pleasure serving the struggle in Queensland.
I'D HAVE TO say pulling the fences down at the two Parliament Houses [in Sydney and Brisbane was a moment I'll never forget]. I think that was my greatest thrill. It was the greatest feeling. To see how easy those fucking fences that stood that long came down. The mob were basically Redfern and Brisbane people. It wasn't preconceived. It just happened. To say we were aware of what was to happen was a bit exaggerated. It just seemed the time to do something like that. It was never heard of, no-one's done it before.
[And] the ringbarking of the famous Captain Cook tree, even though no one was arrested, but that created a bit of a shemozzle at the time. There was a famous historical tree [a Cook Island Pine, planted near the Cook Obelisk near Botany Bay to mark Cook's 'landing place']; all the radical field officers of the Aboriginal Legal Service decided it was time it was ringbarked, and they went out there and spent about eight hours ringbarking this tree. They [the government] tried to save it, there was a great backlash from the media… They flew doctors in from all over the world to save this tree. Six months later and their efforts in vain, they were selling historical Captain Cook matches. So what was left over of the tree they made matches out of and called them historical Captain Cook matches.
Things like that [I remember them], even though they were dangerous. The Moree bombing was pretty freaky. That was part of the struggle here. The profound effect on my life forever will be the shooting of Cheeky[iii].
But the real joy of them all, was pulling down the bastions of white man society, that represented the invasion, the representation of all that white Australia stood for, was simply all fucking weighed up in those two wrought iron fences [the Parliament House fences].
We revelled in the struggle of the '70s, if we disagreed with an institution, we walked into their headquarters and simply took over the building and occupied it until we were moved. That's simply what we did. That applied to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission in Queensland and the New South Wales Department of Aboriginal Affairs. The struggle was about going forward when fences needed to be pulled down, or some over-zealous police needed to be dealt with.
The majority of protests were set up in a very short space of time. There was no area between A and B. It was straight from A to B. There was no C, there was no plan B or anything. If we had an opinion, we had a view, we discussed it, three or four hours later… All embassies were established the same way: on a whim. Musgrave and all that was established the same way, on a whim. That whim just turned out to be the right whim. And I'm proud to be a part of that struggle. The brothers and sisters I walked with, we knew our backs were covered. We knew our women and elders were safe.
I get confused when people say Billy Craigie is the Malcolm X of Australia. Well, who's to say that Malcolm X is not the Billy Craigie of America? Who's to say that Nelson Mandela is not the Paul Coe of South Africa? Our kids are entitled to their heroes. And their real heroes are the people that I'm talking about, and those who played a role before us. Learn about the heroes. Learn about the decisions that their heroes made, and the time they had to make these decisions in.
Our biggest achievement, sister, was to combine that conservatism of our relatives, of our parents, into the front line. That's why we had Lyall Munro Snr, Steve Mam, Mick Miller, and all those people walking in the front line. My brother up there, Murrandoo, and his father, brother Philip Yanner. I served with their fathers, we all did as young people on the same struggle and that's how we're familiar with their families. We tell our kids all the time, me and Jenny[iv], you can go to any part of this country and be welcome, simply because you're part of the struggling families that make up the resistance that became very strong on the east coast.
When they destroyed that resistance, they destroyed the rights of black people in this country. And until that resistance is united on the east coast, this situation is going to prevail.
[MY ADVICE TO any black scribes currently working], I refer them to the history of John Newfong. That's all I'll say. You can forget any other black scribes in this country until they become aware of John Newfong, and what he is, and what he represented. And how John Newfong acquired his skills from [being] the paper boy, all the way through the ranks of Fairfax media. To become the first editor of the very first black media entity [in Australia], Identity…
Keep in mind he came out of the closet in the '60s, which was pretty fucking brave. Strutted his stuff in the front line of the struggle like you've never seen. And cuddled and kissed the brothers long before it was trendy. It took courage to do that, back in those days. Be that as it may, I think Koori Mail's got a lot to learn, there's not enough proactive journalism coming from the Koori Mail. It's been around for a long time, they tend to copy other media. Which is unfortunate. Indigenous Times had a better approach, more radical, but keep in mind both were started by the same man. Owen Carriage.
I really have no respect for the influence of the black media in the struggle other than to reiterate, if you're going to be a black journo, you first have to be aware of John Newfong. He was fucking brilliant. He wrote for prime ministers. And he wrote for some very conservative prime ministers. He created Identity, which was in the front of the media's stuff with the embassies and the radical media[v]. But he had the respect with the white media. He was very straightforward with them. I've actually seen him grab a few by the fucking throat on occasion.
I'll pay my dues to a black journo who comes to me and says, 'I started my career, I was influenced by a man named Newfong, I am influenced by what he's done. I've been influenced by his political nous.' You will never be a black scribe, and you will never be effective unless you know about John Newfong. He saw the writing on the wall, he saw Labor going from the extreme to the middle to the right and to the extreme. John Newfong had a vision and these visions are still being played out.
There's a person there in Queensland, who was in the front of everything: Selly J[vi]. Selly J wasn't interested in reaching the heights of everyone else. Selly J had his achievements, he had his personal problems and that. But they never detracted from his commitment. [He gave a sense that] we're not moving, we're not going to stand down. No matter how conservative this country gets, this fucking black duck is not standing down. Neither is this black duck's fucking descendants. No Munros are going to stand down.
There's over three or four thousand of us. I'm pretty sure no Coes [the Coe family, Munro's in-laws] are ever going to stand down. So we've got the struggle in the future covered. My mum's got so many grandchildren, Jenny's [Munro, Lyall's wife, nee Coe] mum's got half of those on our side. There's still Craigies around, there's still Foleys around, there's still Johnsons around. In actual fact, we don't need a community to go to a demonstration anymore, we can fit all those sons and daughters and grandsons on the bus. We've already got our struggle, we've already got our numbers.
Moree, New South Wales
[i] Clark, J (2008). Aborigines and Activism: Race, Aborigines and the Coming of the Sixties to Australia. Perth, WA, Australia: UWA Press.
[ii] A number of Aboriginal people interviewed refer to former Queensland premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen as 'Bjelke Joh'.
[iii] In Moree in November 1982, a young man, Ronald McIntosh ('Cheeky'), was shot and killed by two white Moree residents in Endeavour Lane following a brawl between Aboriginal and white community members at the Ned Kelly Bar at the Imperial Hotel. Two other members of the Aboriginal community were also shot. The two men were eventually convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to fourteen years' jail (The Canberra Times, 'Court told of Moree shootings', Friday January 21, 1983, p3; The Canberra Times, '14 year jail sentences for Moree shooting', November 23, 1983, p10). The convicted men had admitted to firing at least eighteen shots from the back of a utility at the group of Aboriginal people gathered in Endeavour Lane. The Canberra Times reported that Lyall Munro Jr drove the injured to Moree hospital. A doctor told the court that Ronald McIntosh had died immediately in Endeavour Lane following a single shot that had pierced his heart and lungs.
[iv] Lyall's wife is Jenny Munro [nee Coe], another important figure in the land rights movement since the late 1960s and also interviewed for this project. She is currently a key figure in the campaign to stop residential developments at Redfern's The Block
[v] H.C. 'Nugget' Coombs was instrumental in the establishment of Identity, launched in July 1971. The first editor was non-Indigenous journalist Barrie Ovenden; Newfong took over as editor in mid-1972 and Identity gained significant reach as the voice of the land rights movement. After a period away from the magazine, Newfong became editor again in 1979.
[vi] Selwyn Johnson, now deceased, and part of a large family that also includes brothers Norman Johnson, Duncan Johnson (deceased) and Hedley Johnson. Norm and Duncan were activists; Hedley was also an activist but primarily a musician and an original band member of the well-known Brisbane group Mop and the Dropouts who penned the song 'Brisbane Blacks' which became an anthem for the 1982 Commonwealth Games protests. Their father, Bowman Johnson, established the Born Free club at West End for Aboriginal people around South Brisbane who had nowhere to live
Note: Some sections of this story were amended for clarity Monday, 25 March 2019 at the request of the interviewee.