text:
Q: NameError: global name 'w' is not defined when opening file in python script? When I run my code (below), it comes up with the error NameError: global name 'w' is not defined when it comes to opening the file.
I do not know why it is doing that because 'w' is how it writes the file, it is not a variable?
import random
import math

def var():
    strength = 10
    skill = 10
    dice4 = 0
    dice12 = 0
    dice_score = 0

    character_name = str(input("Please enter your characters name: "))
    skill_func(strength, skill, dice4, dice12, character_name, dice_score)

def skill_func(strength, skill, dice4, dice12, character_name, dice_score):

    print(character_name + "'s attributes are being generated! ... ")

    dice4, dice12 = random.randrange(1,4), random.randrange(1,12)

    dice_score = dice12/dice4
    dice_score = math.floor(dice_score)
    skill = skill + dice_score

    strength_func(strength, skill, dice4, dice12, character_name, dice_score)

def strength_func(strength, skill, dice4, dice12, character_name, dice_score):
    dice4, dice12 = random.randrange(1,4), random.randrange(1,12)

    dice_score = dice12/dice4
    dice_score = math.floor(dice_score)
    strength = strength + dice_score
    file(strength, skill, dice4, dice12, character_name)

def file(strength, skill, dice4, dice12, character_name):
    file = open("N:\Controlled Assessment - James Barham\Task Two\attributes.txt", w)
    file.writelines(character_name + " - Strength = " + str(strength) + ", Skill = " + str(skill))

var()

A: This:
file = open("N:\Controlled Assessment - James Barham\Task Two\attributes.txt", w)

Should be this:
file = open("N:\Controlled Assessment - James Barham\Task Two\attributes.txt", "w")


text:
West London Citizens
Winter Night Shelter
Worship with us online
Junior Choir
Community Gospel Choir
St Barnabas Organ
Thursday Pop-In
Pitshanger Pictures
Community Organising at St Barnabas
Jazz on the Lane Nights
Children's Church (ages 5–9)
Noisy Mass (ages 0–4)
Curious About Christianity?
Director of Music
St Barnabas Ealing
This event has already taken place.
Film Show - "It's a Wonderful Life" (U) 130 mins
Sunday, 18 November 2018 12:30 - 16:00
St Barnabas Church, Pitshanger Lane, Ealing, W5 1QG
George Bailey has spent his entire life giving of himself to the people of Bedford Falls. He has always longed to travel but never had the opportunity in order to prevent rich skinflint Mr. Potter from taking over the entire town. All that prevents him from doing so is George's modest building and loan company, which was founded by his generous father. But on Christmas Eve, George's Uncle Billy loses the business's $8,000 while intending to deposit it in the bank. Potter finds the misplaced money and hides it from Billy. When the bank examiner discovers the shortage later that night, George realizes that he will be held responsible and sent to jail and the company will collapse, finally allowing Potter to take over the town. Thinking of his wife, their young children, and others he loves will be better off with him dead, he contemplates suicide. But the prayers of his loved ones result in a gentle angel named Clarence coming to earth to help George, with the promise of earning his wings. He shows George what things would have been like if he had never been born.
Family & Children's Minister
Expense Form
Pitshanger Lane | Ealing | London | W5 1QG
parish.office@barnabites.org
Follow St Barnabas Ealing on:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Reston, VA, March 20, 2017 — Diio, part of FlightGlobal, has announced the hiring of Will Livsey as its new Head of Customer Support, Product Development.
Livsey worked for American Airlines from 2008 to 2014, in roles ranging from operations at McGhee Tyson Airport in Knoxville, Pittsburgh International Airport and O'Hare International Airport in Chicago, but most recently as a Senior Analyst, Network Development, in which he was responsible for new domestic route identification and forecasting.
Livsey has spent the past two years at the Memphis-Shelby County Airport Authority as Senior Manager of Air Service Research and Development where he assisted in recruiting 20 new air services, including ultra low-cost carrier Allegiant Air, regional carrier GLO, and Air Canada service to Toronto, the airport's first daily international service since 2012.
Livsey holds a Bachelor of Arts and Science in Language and World Business from the University of Tennessee, and a Masters of Business Administration in Aviation from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
Diio (Data In, Intelligence Out), part of FlightGlobal, is a world leader in aviation intelligence data, tools and technology. Designed by aviation professionals for aviation professionals, Diio's tools are used by more than 400 airlines, airports, manufacturers, policy makers, travel professionals and destination marketers worldwide, including 23 of the world's top 25 airline groups. Diio's mission is to build industry-leading decision support tools, providing users with the means to access, manage and mine huge datasets with confidence, precision and remarkable speed. Diio products set the performance standard for capability and flexibility, earning the trust of aviation professionals who demand analytic precision and processing power.
FlightGlobal, incorporating FlightStats and Diio, helps aviation and travel related businesses drive growth, assess risk, improve efficiency and customer experience. Our unique combination of databases, technology and expertize power online tools, feeds, APIs, industry insight and expert advice. Our solutions reduce passenger delays and improve traveler experiences, validate and inform long term planning, minimise exposure and risk using reliable information and provide the most complete view of the industry. We help organizations connect by providing routes to market through our insight channels and face to face events. A strategic partner of IATA, the association of world airlines, we are recognized as the Aircraft Appraiser of the Year, an Aviation 100 Award. FlightGlobal is part of Reed Business Information.
Reed Business Information provides information, analytics and data to business professionals worldwide. Our strong global products and services hold market-leading positions across a wide range of industry sectors including banking, petrochemicals and aviation where we help customers make key strategic decisions every day. RBI is part of RELX Group, a world-leading provider of information and analytics for professional customers across industries.


text:
Woman exits store, finds her car ablaze
Sep 14, 2013 at 3:15 AM Sep 14, 2013 at 7:27 AM
ROCHESTER — Firefighters extinguished a car fire in front of Kohl's on Friday evening.
Fire Lt. Ken Chick said the fire was reported at around 8:11 p.m. Friday. He said the engine compartment of the Hyundai Elantra was engulfed in flames when firefighters arrived on scene.
The owner of the vehicle was inside of Kohl's shopping when the fire broke out. When she came out of the store, the found members of the Fire Department extinguishing the flames, said Chick.
Chick said that while there was one car next to the Hyundai Elantra, the fire is not believed to have spread to any other vehicles.
No injuries were reported in the incident.
Firefighters cleared the scene at around 9:20 p.m., after the vehicle was towed from the scene.
Chick said that judging by the age and condition of the vehicle, the Hyundai Elantra was likely destroyed as a result of the blaze.


text:
Amish Man Went to Neighbor's House Looking for Ride but Took Car When He Noticed Keys in Ignition—Then Crashed It
By Brendan Cole On 6/13/19 at 4:25 AM EDT
U.S. Amish Pennsylvania Car crash
Followers of Jacob Byler's faith tend to shun the trappings of technology and their usual mode of transport is a horse-drawn buggy.
But the 21-year-old Amish man wanted to travel a bit faster when he turned up at his neighbor's house to ask for a ride into town, Pennlive reported.
Spotting that the keys had been left in the vehicle, he decided to take matters into his own hands.
He started the ignition and took the dark gray Nissan Rogue on an eventful drive, first losing control of the car and hitting an embankment near a police officer's house.
An Amish man drives his horse drawn wagon in Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania in this illustrative image. An Amish man stole a car and crashed it when he saw the keys in the ignition. Getty Images/Mark Wilson
Undeterred, he carried on driving, stopping at a gas station to fill it up and then continuing on to a bar.
Officers on patrol suspected something was up when they saw the vehicle in the car park with scratches and dents, a dislodged hood and airbags deployed.
It prompted the officers to enter the bar to investigate further. The bartender told them that an Amish man there may have been the driver.
According to the police complaint, Byler admitted to the officers "he couldn't lie and that he took the car." He was then read his Miranda rights, Explore Clarion reported.
The Amish do not tend to drive and have issues with ownership of vehicles, which they consider threatening to the community because they can take members of faith far from home. However, Amish do accept rides, and often hire non-Amish to drive them places, according to AmishAmerica.com.
Byler was arraigned on charges of theft by unlawful taking, receiving stolen property, and unauthorized use of a motor vehicle and is free on $40,000.00 unsecured bail.
In a tragic case earlier this month, three children died in southern Michigan when the Amish-horse drawn carriage they were riding in was hit by a driver believed to be drunk.
Lillian Graber, 6, and her brothers, Moses, 4, and Jacob, 2, were killed in the crash that also seriously injured the mother, the Associated Press reported.
The driver 21-year-old Tyler Frye, has been charged with drunken driving causing death and serious injury.
Last June, Clarissa Smith, 83, rear-ended an Amish buggy only months after she was involved in a fatal collision with another member of the conservative religious sect.
Smith, 83, told ABC News she had trouble seeing the horse and buggy when she ran into it in Licking, Missouri. No one was injured.
Woman, 83, Rear-Ends Amish Horse-Drawn Buggy Twice
Fire Kills Child and Injures 10 Ohio Amish


You are good at your business & we are at ours. HR is a specialized function & its best left to those who understand the nuances of employee behaviour.
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We help an organization to gain cost and time efficiencies and provides cutting edge over their human resource strategies and improves services to their employees.


Work-based learning and assessment at your place of work with some college based study. Learners must be in a paid work placement to commence an apprenticeship programme. The work-based route involves practising and demonstrating a range of practical and theory skills and includes completing a Work-Based Diploma at Level 2 or 3 plus Functional Skills at an appropriate level.
Learners would usually enter at the Intermediate Apprenticeship (Level 2) stage before progressing to the Advanced Apprenticeship (Level 3). Those employed in the industry and have increased level of responsibility may also be considered for the Advanced Apprenticeship.
The opportunity exists to take one or more nationally recognised legislative test (such as Safe Use of Pesticides or Chainsaw Operation) - charges may apply to the student or employer.
Further study: A Level 3 course such as an Advanced Apprenticeship.
Careers: A range of opportunities in conservation and related industries and with appropriate experience you could become a warden or ranger.


text:
Photo Credit: AiF
Sustainable transportation strategies can address both climate protection and sustainable development – CSU state group and AiF experts met in Berlin
AiF experts met members of the CSU state group to exchange views on environmental protection and transportation policy // Climate protection is to support and stimulate the business activity in Germany // Goal of nationwide R&D funding support for small and medium-sized enterprises achieved
The CSU state group invited on 12 February 2020 members of the AiF R&D Network for Small and Medium-Sized Businesses to Berlin for an exchange on environmental protection and transport policy. The round-table meeting was chaired by Karl Holmeier, Member of the Bundestag, Chairman of the Working Group for Economy and Energy, Transport and Digital Infrastructure, Education and Research, Tourism of the CSU state group and Professor Sebastian Bauer, President of the Aif. It was attended by other members of the state group and representatives of the industrial research associations affiliated to the AiF, including DECHEMA (Society for Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology eV), FAT (Research Association for Automotive Technology eV powered by VDA) and FVV.
Voices from the expert meeting
In order to support the development and implementation of the right technologies for the future, the task for politicians is to set up clever and well-defined regulations. Therefore, the exchange between the CSU state group and the AiF expert network is of particular importance:
"We want climate protection to become a stimulus package. First and foremost, through more innovation and incentives rather than imposing restrictions. Economy and ecology need an integrated approach for the 21st century. The capabilities as well as the innovative strength of our companies and research institutions generate efficient economic cycles, enable effective energy saving and lead to new drive technologies", explained MdB Karl Holmeier according to the press release issued by AiF on 12/02/2020.
Professor Kurt Wagemann, Executive Director of DECHEMA, drew attention to the many contradictions in the comparative assessment of battery and fuel cell-powered vehicles and conventional IC engine-driven vehicles burning synthetic fuels: "Up to now, only parts of the upstream value chains for the provision of energy sources and storage systems have been considered with regard to climate protection. For a complete and serious assessment, the associated infrastructures must also be included".
Dietmar Goericke, Managing Director of FVV, made it clear that the results of the FVV CO2 life cycle analysis for different powertrain systems demonstrate the need for a technology-open and level-headed policy: "Early commitment to one of the different powertrain technologies is associated with too much uncertainty regarding real CO2 avoidance for politicians and society to risk making the wrong decisions. The results of the meta study conducted by Frontier Economics for the FVV will be presented at the FVV 2020 Spring Conference in Würzburg on 26 March.
Professor Claudia Langowsky, Managing Director of FAT, concluded by pointing out that the issue of 'sustainability in supply chains' is not only an environmental and social problem, but also a serious economic and legal one: "Apart of politics, clients, investors and end customers can demand commitments and/or guarantees for sustainable supply chains from companies. If the companies are unable to provide these guarantees, there is a risk of restricted access to procurement and sales markets, legal problems and customer boycotts. Therefore, companies need support in the implementation of the requirements into operational practice".
As already reported, the German Bundestag is approving 180 million euros for the IGF (Industrial Collective Research) with the current federal budget as well as additional grants from the Energy and Climate Fund for projects already underway in the AiF Research Alliance on the Transformation of the Energy System. Professor Sebastian Bauer expressed his sincere thanks to the members of the Bundestag for this growth of funds. Many German SMEs provided ecologically outstanding products and processes on an international scale - also in the fields of transportation and energy. Thanks to pre-competitive applied research, they are able to compete on the world market or are even leading.
Nationwide support of Industrial Collective Research (IGF)
The AiF and Industry are jointly promoting more support for pre-competitive research and development within the framework of Industrial Collective Research programme. This includes talks with the parliamentary groups of the German Bundestag in Berlin as well as the presentation of successful IGF projects in the constituencies of individual members of parliament.
Fortunately, this work is bearing fruit. In another press release of 12 February 2020, the AiF was able to announce that as of 31 December 2019, the IGF research landscape no longer has any white spots: In every city and region in Germany, representatives of industry and science work together to solve application-oriented problems in research and development. At the end of 2019, there were a total of more than 23,000 corporate participations in ongoing IGF projects.
Caption (from left to right):
Professor Kurt Wagemann, Florian Oßner, MdB, Dr Rolf Bulander, Prof Sebastian Bauer, Prof Claudia Langowsky, Karl Holmeier, MdB, Dietmar Goericke
About AiF
The Federation of Industrial Research Associations "Otto von Guericke" eV is the research network for the German Mittelstand. It promotes research, transfer and innovation. As the umbrella association of 100 non-profit research associations with more than 50,000 member companies and 1,200 participating research institutions, it makes an important contribution to sustainably strengthening the competitiveness of Germany's industry. The AiF, as a non-profit association, organises the Industrial Collective Research (IGF) programme of the German Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) and, via AiF Projekt GmbH and AiF F∙T∙K GmbH, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, manages other public funding programmes. Since its foundation in 1954, the AiF has channelled around 12.5 billion euros in public funding into new developments and innovations and initiated more than 230,000 research projects.
The FVV has been a full member of the AiF since 1956.
Sustainable transportation strategies can address both climate protection and sustainable development (Press release | AiF | in German language only)
Nationwide support of Industrial Collective Research (IGF) (Press release | AiF | in German language only)
AiF Annual Magazine ZOOM 2019/2020 published 28.08.2020
IGF will receive 180 million euros in 2020 16.12.2019
AiF and Industry join forces to promote more funding for research and development by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy 08.10.2019
Promoting climate-neutral and technology-neutral policy options 27.02.2019


text:
Q: Memory management when using CFStrings from de AddressBook I am reading records from the AddressBook using the Apple provided API.
I am still getting my head around memory management and so CFStrings are confusing me at the moment.
This is how I am getting the properties:
//Get Basic properties
NSString* firstName = (NSString *)ABRecordCopyValue(person, kABPersonFirstNameProperty);
NSString* lastName = (NSString *)ABRecordCopyValue(person, kABPersonLastNameProperty);
NSNumber* record = [NSNumber numberWithInt:ABRecordGetRecordID(person)];

//Build Full Name
NSString* fullName=[self fullNameWith:firstName and:lastName];

//Get Phone number and Label
ABMultiValueRef phone = ABRecordCopyValue(person, property);
    //Turn identifier into index
CFIndex index = ABMultiValueGetIndexForIdentifier(phone, identifier);
    //Get the value and the label using the index
NSString *value =(NSString *)ABMultiValueCopyValueAtIndex(phone, index);
CFStringRef label = ABMultiValueCopyLabelAtIndex(phone, index);
    //Get the localized value of hte label
NSString * localizedLabel = (NSString *)ABAddressBookCopyLocalizedLabel(label);

After that I use the values, the only thing is that I dont know if I should release them or not.
I would appreciate an answer that also helped me understand memory management better or that points me to the right direction.
Thank you!

A: The rule of thumb for Core Foundation is that any functions that include Copy or Create in their name will return an object that you are responsible for releasing. Apple's Memory Management Guide for Core Foundation explains this in a bit more detail.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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the highly-prized, powdered green tea from Japan—part of the new American culture.
Alissa's own personal journey to matcha represents the ingenuity that fuels Matcha Source. White balances SoCal vibrancy spiked with the drive and passion of New York. After studying Fine Art and Critical Studies at the University of California-Santa Cruz, the Los Angeles native jumped into a master's degree in Interactive Telecommunications at the prestigious Tisch School of Arts at New York University, right on the cusp of the Internet explosion of the late nineties. After school, White would embark on a high-energy, ten year career in media.
Eventually, the hectic pace left Alissa looking for something else. In 2004, a chance encounter with matcha would become her vehicle for change. When the vivid green powder burst from a small container of matcha opened by friend, Alissa had found her way to the precious tea. Added to the visual attraction was the beauty of the traditional matcha implements—such as the bowl and the whisk—that transform the verdant powder into a rich liquid. And that was even before the first sip.
But Alissa's fascination wasn't simply aesthetic or culinary. The healthful qualities of matcha made a personal connection with White, who learned how the green elixir could have helped her diabetic father. Gradually, she came upon the same discovery made in Japan over a thousand years before: green tea in its most refined form—matcha—had the potential to heal and restore health.
In 2006, Alissa founded Matcha Source and would spend the next few years to find the best way to bring her personal vision of matcha to the public. After a period of research and travel, she brought Matcha Source to an online community that was ready for a new kind of matcha source.
Expect best quality teas and excellent customer service from Matcha Source LLC. Contact us for information, to place an order, or to share your matcha stories and recipes. We look forward to hearing from you!


text:
Kylie Minogue Praises 'Shining Star' Dua Lipa in Time 'Next 100 Most Influential People' Essay
Kylie Minogue had super high praise for her "Real Groove" collaborator Dua Lipa in an essay for Time magazine's "Next 100 Most Influential People" issue.
"Dua Lipa is a shining star, blazing a dazzling trail through the pop cosmos," wrote Minogue about Lipa, who sports a gauzy, off-the-shoulder, floor-length pink dress on the cover. "Just under four years ago, she released the first of her two albums. Today, she is dancing hand in hand with the zeitgeist, having carved with laser-like precision her place in the cultural landscape."
Last month, the dynamic duo shot to No. 15 on Billboard's Hot Dance/Electronic Songs chart (dated Jan. 16) with "Real Groove," which began as a Minogue-only song on the Australian pop icon's November Disco album. The surprise remix hit came less than two months after Minogue joined Lipa for a duet on the song at DL's "Studio 2054" virtual concert on Thanksgiving weekend, which also featured Elton John, Miley Cyrus and FKA Twigs.
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Minogue recalled zooming into Dua's orbit for the November gig, describing the production as "spectacular and inclusive, somehow both future and retro," with the "Don't Start Now" singer's "instantly recognizable voice stamped all over clever songwriting." Used to being the center of attention, Minogue said she enjoyed hanging out on the periphery and watching the younger star, whose famously tireless work either shone through.
"'You have to work hard to make a bit of luck,'" Minogue said Dua Lipa's father told her when she was younger. "It seems she listened. Her achievements are all the more remarkable given that she is 25 years of age."
This year's full list includes several other singers/rappers, including Lil Baby, Phoebe Bridgers, Chloe x Halle, Davido, Doja Cat, Luke Combs and Anitta, as well as actors John David Washington, Ana de Armas, Florence Pugh, Hunter Schafer and LaKeith Stanfield and more than two dozen other innovators, leaders and advocates.
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text:
High prevalence rates for multiple psychiatric conditions among inmates at French Guiana's correctional facility: diagnostic and demographic factors associated with violent offending and previous incarceration
Mathieu Nacher1,
Gulen Ayhan1,
Romain Arnal2,
Célia Basurko1,
Florence Huber3,
Agathe Pastre4,
Louis Jehel5,
Bruno Falissard6 &
Vincent About4
French Guiana has the highest incarceration rate among French territories, it is higher than that of Brazil, Colombia or Venezuela. It is well known that mental health problems are over-represented in correctional facilities. Our objectives were to describe the prevalence of various psychiatric conditions and to study factors associated with violence and repeated offenses among arriving detainees at the sole correctional facility of French Guiana.
The study was cross-sectional. All consenting new adult prisoners incarcerated between 18/09/2013 and 31/12/2014 at the penitentiary centre of French Guiana were included. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to screen for psychiatric diagnoses. In addition sociodemographic data was collected.
Overall 647 men and 60 women were included.
The participation rate was 90%.Overall 72% of patients had at least one psychiatric diagnosis (Fig. 2). Twenty percent had three or more diagnoses. Violent index offences were not more frequent among those with a psychiatric diagnosis (crude odds ratio 1.3 (95%CI = 0.9–2), P = 0.11.
Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for sex and age, psychosis, suicidality and post-traumatic stress disorder were independently associated with violent offences. Generalized anxiety disorder was less likely to be associated with incarceration for violent offences.
Having a history of a previous incarceration was significantly associated with a psychiatric condition in general (any diagnosis) OR = 3 (95%CI = 2–4.3), P < 0.0001.
Calculations of the population attributable risks showed that in the sample 31.4% of repeat incarcerations were attributable to antisocial personality disorder, 28.3% to substance addiction, 17.3% to alcohol addiction, 8.7% to depression and 7% to psychosis.
The very high prevalence of psychiatric disorders observed in our sample, and the relative lack of psychiatric facilities, suggest that part of the problem of very high incarceration rate may be explained by transinstitutionalization. Improving psychiatric care in prison and coordination with psychiatric care in the community after release is likely to be important.
French Guiana is a French overseas territory located between Brazil and Suriname, and thus a part of the European Union. It has the highest GDP per capita on the Latin American continent and therefore attracts numerous immigrants in search of a better life (https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=DEP-973). However, unemployment is high and much of the population lives in precarious social conditions. The soil is rich in gold and attracts large numbers of illegal gold miners [1]. French Guiana is also a hub for cocaine trafficking towards France and Europe. Drugs are relatively cheap and there are high rates of substance use, impacting on HIV rates [2]. A quarter of families are single parent families, and one in five families includes four children or more, demographic conditions that further increase social vulnerability (https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=DEP-973).
The natural population growth in French Guiana is 2.45% per year, the second highest in Latin America on a par with Guatemala [3]. This very rapid growth compounds social problems and challenges the French social system, which struggles to keep up in terms of education, health infrastructure, and appropriate housing. These difficult social conditions and the illegal "opportunities to make money" may fuel the high crime rate and lead French Guiana to have the highest incarceration rate (328 per 100,000) among French territories, a rate that is higher than that of Brazil (319 per 100,000), Colombia (231 per 100,000) or Venezuela (173 per 100,000) [4].
As for other government services, the judiciary and penitentiary systems struggle to keep up. The only correctional facility in French Guiana is thus saturated and its overpopulation and poor living conditions have been repeatedly described [5, 6].
It is well known that mental health problems are over-represented in correctional facilities [7, 8]. Psychiatric illnesses often increase the risk of suicide, the risk of death after release from incarceration, and the risk of new offences and reincarceration. Until recently, there had never been any study of the mental health issues of detainees in this particular territory at the crossroad between France and Latin America. A first study showed focused on the risk of suicide and its predictors among arriving detainees [9]. The objective of the present study was to describe the relation between various psychiatric conditions and violence or repeated offenses among arriving detainees at the sole correctional facility of French Guiana.
The study was cross-sectional. All consenting new adult prisoners incarcerated between 18/09/2013 and 31/12/2014 at the penitentiary centre of French Guiana at Cayenne were included.
This is slightly different from the study on suicide risk factors [9] because the questionnaire and case record form used was modified after a test phase; we only used data collected with the finalized version of the data collection tool.
Inmates with an assigned legal guardian were excluded in order not to compromise the incarceration procedures for our study because the presence of the legal guardian would have been logistically very difficult given the restricted access to the mental health ward [9].
After incarceration, all new arrivals are seen for physical examination by a doctor of the "Unité de consultation et de soins ambulatoires (UCSA)", the ambulatory care unit of the prison and then by a psychiatrist or psychiatric nurse in the "Unité fonctionnelle de psychiatrie intra-carcérale (UFPI)" (the psychiatric ward). Patients had a 15 day window after arrival in which they could be included.
In addition to this normal procedure upon admission for the purpose of our study we added the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The MINI is a short diagnostic structured interview (DSI) developed in France and the United States to explore 17 disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-V diagnostic criteria. The validity and reliability of the MINI has been confirmed in several studies [10, 11]. The MINI is structured to allow administration by non-specialized interviewers for the research of current disorders. It is currently one of the most used psychiatric diagnostic tools [12]. For each mental illness, one or two screening questions rule out the diagnosis when answered negatively. The MINI is thus adapted for epidemiological studies requiring a short but robust tool. The estimated time for the interview is 15 min. The MINI has been translated and validated in 46 languages, including the main languages found in French Guiana: French, English, Portuguese, Dutch and Spanish.
All psychiatrists and nurses performing the MINI were trained in order to correctly use the questionnaire. Socio-demographic questions were added (age, birthplace, residence, languages, presence of a translator, family status, children, siblings, position among siblings, professional situation), history of detention (reason for detention, previous imprisonment) and psychiatric history. A training period preceded our study in order to test the feasibility of the MINI and to familiarize staff with the protocol and to verify that the staff was proficient with the tool before starting the study. Since there were 2 phases with some changes in the ancillary questionnaire, we only analyzed the data collected with the final questionnaire in order to obtain a homogenous data set.
Incarcerated adults accepting to participate were only included.
Minors, persons with a legal guardian, or persons refusing to participate were not included.
Descriptive analysis of qualitative and quantitative variables was followed by bivariate analysis in order to identify significant variables for incarceration for violent index offences. Variables were included in a multivariate model for logistic regression in order to identify independent diagnoses at increased risk for incarceration for violent index offences. The modelling strategy was purely exploratory and the variables were retained in the model except obsessive compulsive disorder, anorexia and bulimia which were too rare to be included in a multivariate model (respectively, 15, 5 and 3 persons). Collinearity was tested using the Collin package (STATA, College Station, Texas) and verifying that variance inflation factors were < 4. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used to test the model.
A similar procedure was used for bivariate and multivariate analysis of variables associated with repeated incarcerations.
Principal component analysis was performed and a loading plot of the different diagnoses was performed.
Stata13 (College Station, Texas, USA) was used.
Ethical and regulatory aspects
The study was approved by the Ethical committee of Bordeaux (Comité de Protection des Personnes, CPP) (reference number DC 2012/115). The study was also approved by the Ethical committee of INSERM CEEI in 2013 (IRB00003888). Inmates gave informed consent (oral and written) to participate in the study.
Between September 18th2013 and December 31st 2014, 785 new prisoners were registered. The survey participation rate was 90% (707/785) [9]. Overall 647 men and 60 women were included. The mean age was 30 years (SD = 10.7 years) for men and 27.7 years (SD 10 years) for women. Figure 1 shows the over-representation of younger age groups.
Age of incarcerated persons included in the study at the sole correctional facility of French Guiana
Birth place and spoken language
Overall 47.8% of persons were born in French Guiana, 3% in other French territories, 15.1% were born in neighboring Suriname, 14.3% were born in Guyana, 10.6% in Brazil, 3.1% in Haiti, and the rest were born elsewhere or missing. 57.3% spoke French, 14% spoke English, 9.1% spoke Portuguese, 7.4% spoke Nengue Tongo, and 7% spoke Haitian Creole.
Regarding their marital status 48.4% were single, and 41.02% lived in a couple, 6.3% were married and 1% were divorced or widowed. Sixty percent (368/613 respondents) of inmates had parents who were separated (13.3% of non response).
Among respondents (92%) to the work status question, 22.4% of men and 48% of women were unemployed; 46% of men and 26% of women declared having odd jobs; and 24.6% of men and 10% of women had a work contract.
Nearly 2% (11/564 respondents) declared having experienced prior sexual trauma with 18.2% not responding to the question. A third of respondents declared the death of a close family member (233/691 respondents).
Incarceration motives
Incarceration resulted from violent offences in 28% of cases (assault 7.9%, homicide without intent 2.2%, intentional homicide 3.5%, rape 4.5%, violence 9.8%) and drugs in 34.4% of cases.
Psychiatric diagnoses
Overall 72% of patients had at least one psychiatric diagnosis (Fig. 2). Twenty percent had three or more diagnoses. Violent offences were not more frequent among those with a psychiatric diagnosis (crude odds ratio 1.3 (95%CI = 0.9–2), P = 0.11, Median 1 in both groups, p = 0.49).
Number of psychiatric diagnoses among inmates incarcerated in the sole correctional facility of French Guiana
Overall 36 of 51 (70.6%) persons with psychosis also had substance addictions. Conversely, 36 of 235 persons with substance addictions (15.3%) were also psychotic. Among the study population, 307 took cannabis (43%), 58 took crack cocaine (8.2%) and 15 cocaine (2.1%).
The individual prevalence for individual diagnoses is shown in Fig. 3.
Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of different psychiatric conditions in Prisoners in French Guiana using the MINI 5.0 screening tool at the time of incarceration
Overall, 2% reported past sexual trauma (95%CI = 1–3.5%) and 5.9% (95%CI = 4.2–8%) reported a family history of psychiatric problems.
Figure 4 shows a loading plot after the principal component analysis of the different diagnoses obtained by the MINI. A cluster of depressive signs is found on the lower right part, the bottom center is mostly linked to a cluster of neurotic manifestations; the top center cluster pertains to addictions, which lie close to antisocial disorder.
Principal component analysis of the different psychiatric diagnoses among inmates incarcerated in the sole correctional facility of French Guiana
Incarceration for violence
Table 1 shows the proportion of patients for listed MINI- diagnoses who had been charged with violent and non-violent crimes. Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for sex and age, psychosis, suicidality, and post-traumatic stress disorder were independently associated with violent offences for incarceration. Generalized anxiety disorder was less likely to be associated with incarceration following a violent index offence.
Table 1 Variables associated with violent and non violent crimes, bivariate and multivariate analysis
Repeat offenders
Overall, 48.6% of inmates had already been previously incarcerated. Having a history of a previous incarceration was significantly associated with a psychiatric condition in general (any diagnosis) OR = 3 (95%CI = 2–4.3), P < 0.0001. Table 2 shows the detail by psychiatric diagnosis. Calculations of the population attributable risks showed that in the sample 31.4% of repeat incarcerations were attributable to antisocial personality disorder, 28.3% to substance addiction, 17.3% to alcohol addiction, 8.7% to depression and 7% to psychosis.
Table 2 Variables associated with previous incarcerations, bivariate and multivariate analysis
The present study emphasizes the high prevalence of mental illness among detainees in French Guiana [9]. Overall, 512/707 inmates (72%) presented at least 1 psychiatric disorder. The most common diagnoses were antisocial personality disorder (34.6%), substance addiction (33.2%), generalized anxiety disorder (25.7%), alcohol addiction (17.5%), post traumatic stress disorder (15.1%), and major depression (14.3%) (Fig. 3).
Prevalence of psychosis was greater in our sample (7.6%) than in large meta-analyses (3.7–4%) [8, 13]. Prevalence of depression was also higher. This may reflect the use of the MINI, rather than the use of other diagnostic instruments in other studies in the literature. Although antisocial personality disorder was the most frequent diagnosis, its prevalence was less frequent than in the largest meta-analysis of cross-sectional prevalence rates of mental illness among prisoners internationally [13]. It has been observed that in low to middle income countries the prevalence of psychosis and major depression is higher than in high income countries. French Guiana, despite being a French territory thus has a profile that is closer to low and middle income countries [8]. In low and middle income countries, lower budgets for psychiatric care of psychoses may lead to a shift from mental health care towards incarceration. Another hypothesis pertains to different social and cultural norms regarding mental illness, and possible poor legal representations of mentally ill patients in the justice system [8].
When comparing our results with the study in French prisons, which used the MINI and examination by a psychiatrist, there were some differences between mainland France and the French territory of French Guiana. A striking difference was the weight of addictions in French Guiana (33.2% for drugs and 17.5% for alcohol) relative to mainland France (8.9 and 8.7%, respectively). This level of addictions was comparable to what is observed in neighboring Brazil [14, 15]. PTSD and generalized anxiety seemed more frequent in French Guiana than in mainland France (15.1 and 25.7%, versus 6.6 and 15.4%) whereas depression was less frequent in French Guiana than in mainland France (14.3 versus 22.9%). Some of these differences may be due to methodological differences, but others may be due to the "Latin American socio economic and cultural context" in French Guiana. Thus what applies in mainland France may not apply in French Guiana, and French-trained mental health professionals require some adaptation of their epidemiological assumptions.
After adjusting for age, males, antisocial personality disorder, substance and alcohol addictions, depression and psychoses were significantly associated with repeat offenses as described elsewhere [16, 17]. We did not find any association with bipolar disorder. It may be that our sample size was insufficient to detect any effect because the crude odds ratio, but not the adjusted one, was significantly associated with repeat incarceration. The calculation of population-attributable fractions is arguable in this cross-sectional design. It was meant to estimate, what proportion of repeat offenses could be attributed to the psychiatric conditions, and thus what could theoretically be gained if they were controlled. We believe it emphasizes the importance of enhancing psychiatric and social care in prison.
The variables significantly associated with incarceration for violent crimes were male sex, psychosis, suicide risk. Generalized anxiety disorder on the contrary was associated with a lower probability of incarceration for a violent crime. The direction of causality is not clear with regard to suicide risk: perhaps remorse explained the association, but hetero-aggressive behavior in persons with suicidal thought is also a possible explanation. We have previously described predictive factors for suicide risk for this population [9].
Substance addiction has been reported to be associated with violence [18]. However, here we did not find any significant association perhaps because violence between drug users may be less frequently reported to the police and less frequently prosecuted. Prison is likely to represent an opportunity to initiate addiction treatment and medical services that should aim for a smooth transition with the services outside of prison [19, 20].
The transinstitutionalization hypothesis posits that mentally ill persons without proper care will be over-represented in the criminal justice system. This hypothesis is debated. Some authors argue that this is reductionist and that psychiatric desinstitutionalization does not necessarily lead to a direct increase in the number of prisoners with mental health issues, and that increasing psychiatric facilities will not necessarily reduce numbers of detainees with mental health issues [7, 21,22,23,24,25].
French Guiana has a structural lag in health care personnel, notably in terms of specialized physicians. In terms of the density of psychiatrists French Guiana is six times lower than in mainland France [26]. The number of beds per capita is much lower than in mainland France and even than other French overseas territories [27]. In terms of psychiatric care, the number of beds per 100,000 persons in French Guiana is lower than in other territories (90 in France, in Martinique, 70 in Guadeloupe, and 40 in French Guiana). When we compare the incarceration rate and the psychiatric facilities, the contrast between French territories is even more salient: in France there are 1.12 inmates per psychiatric bed, in Guadeloupe 3, in Martinique 3.3 and in French Guiana 8.2.
It is noteworthy that in early 2017, following a wave of violent crime, French Guiana erupted in mass protests over notably security issues and deficient health infrastructures [28]. When looking at the very high prevalence of psychiatric disorders observed in our sample, and when looking at the relative lack of psychiatric facilities, it is tempting to hypothesize that part of the problem can be explained by transinstitutionalization and the Penrose hypothesis [21, 29]. At least, we hope these data will help fuel strategic debates in French Guiana.
There are several limitations to our study: The cross sectional design and the use of declarative data in a context of incarceration may have led to biased estimates. The MINI scale is a validated screening tool but it may not always be sufficiently sensitive notably for certain borderline personality disorders which are associated with incarceration. Finally the inclusion of study participants directly after incarceration– a stressful period- may have impacted responses to the questions.
Mentally ill detainees should benefit from effective screening, case identification and psychiatric care on arrival [9], ongoing care during the period of incarceration and pre-release arrangements for ongoing care in the community following release from custody. The goals of the correctional facilities and the psychiatric system are different but they may not always be antagonistic. Improved recognition and care of persons with mental illness in prison settings may improve outcomes for affected individuals and for public security [30].
CEEI:
Comité d'Evaluation Ethique de L'INSERM
CNIL:
Commission Nationale Informatique et Libertés
GDP:
INSERM:
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
UCSA:
Unité Carcérale de Soins Ambulatoires
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Data may be made availability upon request to Pr Nacher Cayenne Hospital, and with additional permission from the Commission Nationale Informatique et Libertés (CNIL) 3 Place de Fontenoy, 75007 Paris, France.
Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
Mathieu Nacher, Gulen Ayhan & Célia Basurko
Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
Romain Arnal
Hôpital de Jour Adultes, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
Florence Huber
Unité de Consultations Ambulatoires Carcérales, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
Agathe Pastre & Vincent About
CESP- INSERM U1178 Equipe IPSOM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, BP632, 97261, Cedex fort de France, France
Louis Jehel
CESP/INSERM U1018 (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations), 75679, Paris cedex 14, France
Bruno Falissard
Mathieu Nacher
Gulen Ayhan
Célia Basurko
Agathe Pastre
Vincent About
RA, CB, MN designed the protocol; RA, GA, VA, AP collected data; MN analyzed the data and wrote first draft of the manuscript; VA, RA, GA, CB, BF, LJ, FH, AP critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Mathieu Nacher.
All persons included gave informed consent for publication of aggregated results.
Nacher, M., Ayhan, G., Arnal, R. et al. High prevalence rates for multiple psychiatric conditions among inmates at French Guiana's correctional facility: diagnostic and demographic factors associated with violent offending and previous incarceration. BMC Psychiatry 18, 159 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1742-7
Previous Incarceration
Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)
Violent Index Offense


There's a lot of confusion, fear and mis-information around what exactly is The New Age or the New Age Movement.
I don't claim to have the last word on it - but here's a few helpful hints which might clear up a few misconceptions.
Firstly the term 'New Age' is derived from 'New Earth' right out of the Bible - in Revelation of John where he sees a New Heaven and a New Earth.
And secondly from the following passage describing the ending of one (astrological) 'Age' and the beginning of the next.
This is clearly an astrological reference to Aquarius, the "Water-bearer" - the symbol for which is a man carrying a pitcher of water. Astrology and this symbol for Aquarius pre-dates the era in which Jesus supposedly lived by many hundreds of years.
Astrology is frowned upon by many Christians because it may seem to them to be about predicting the future - but it isn't. Although it can be. It is an ancient science based on observations of the movement of the stars and the corresponding changes and moods in people on the earth. Events and propensity of types of events which happened when the stars were in certain positions. It must have taken many hundreds if not thousands of years of study to establish the connections and develop it in the various forms of Astrology we have today.
Countless kings and world leader have historically and in the modern era, consulted astrologers for advice.
Here follows a few more bible references to some major changes and a new earth following them.
Quantum physics has now proven that the mind of the observer effects the outcome of experiments at the quantum level. Is it a wave or a particle? It depends on what you are measuring! If you and measuring particles - it's a particle. If you are measuring waves - it's a wave!
Outcomes of experiments at the quantum level are said to be unpredictable and have 'probability' outcomes.
Hence - the future can NOT be predicted, but only a 'probable future' guessed at.
There is a school of thought (to which I subscribe) that there ALL possible futures are existing at the same time. In one future Rob Hitchings (me) goes on to be a world best selling writer. In another he develops his music skills and becomes a renowned improvisationalist.
In another scenario the world ends when a meteorite hits it. In another some ET's are there breaking up and potential meteors before they can hit the earth.
You want to be happy right? So choose to create the more pleasant future. How do you do that? You have awareness of what is going on world-wide, but you FOCUS on a positive PRESENT and future and live and work as if THAT is the future that WILL INEVITABLY UNFOLD. But the important key is THE PRESENT and your FEELINGS - EMOTIONS.
The future is only more days of the "The Present" when you get to it, so find out how to live in bliss NOW you will be all set to finding it there in the future when you get there.
It is said "What you give attention to grows." 'Attention' is 'energy'. If you are someone who always looks on the bright side of life, you will always find things to be bright about. The opposite is also true.
So why do we have the 'Horrible' side of the present?
Well, we the collective of humanity has been focussing on the negative for centuries and so the negative has continued to expand and to grow. It HAS resulted in much suffering, and still does, but through adversity people are challenged and shaken up and they have opportunity to draw forth from within themselves depths of caring and compassion, creativity and cooperation that otherwise would not have happened. So the darker side of life does play a huge role in our growth as human beings.
The beautiful Water Lilly germinates and grows from the sludge at the bottom of the murky pond. When it reaches the light, it opens and reveals its inner beauty and sweet aroma! Transformation. Demonstrating the Lilly's unwavering confidence in its purpose and direction.
The greater the disruption - the greater the shift in human consciousness.
At our highest level within - we want this great shift - we are tired of the old world of corruption and self-serving macro-industrial commercial system. We are tired of being slaves to money and prisoners in our own homes and jobs.
This coming Huge Disruption will give us what we truly want.
However, how many people actually make it through the shift remains to be seen. Revelation 14:3 above and re-quoted here suggests a specific number. Not very many considering that we have 6.7 billion people on the planet right now!
It's unlikely that more than a few thousand will ever read this website - so here's hoping my words and pointers have been useful to a few!
There is actually no New Age movement per se. There are numerous small groups of awakening individuals, some of whom attach them selves to certain Gurus or methods of expanding awareness. An expanded awareness naturally is more encompassing, accepting, compassionate and loving. Surely qualities that most Christians aspire to?
The major difference I see between Christians and New Earth people is that Christians will do good, because mentally they believe 'it's the right thing to do' and that helping others is good, and that being 'selfish' or uncaring is 'bad', whereas New Earth or New Age people tend to help others because it brings them joy in the moment - it is their bliss to do so. And if it's not their bliss - they don't do it. In other words they are a little more congruent in doing what feels right intuitively as opposed to following someone else's interpretation of ancient obscure and often contradictory scriptures. And New Age people, while believing in a coming age (on Earth) of enlightenment (some call the Golden Age) they tend to focus on living in the present moment.
For Christians it seems that 'Forgiveness' is about judging that someone did something that they shouldn't have and then letting them off, where as New Age people tend to try to not judge and see every possible 'transgression' or 'challenge' as a potential lesson to be learned from. And so forgiveness becomes: "Thanks, for-giving me the lesson!" Smile.
Judge not, that ye be not judged. For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye?
And of course, many Christians believe that souls can and 'should' be saved, and that giving your life to Jesus is all that is required to win you a place in Heaven 'After' you die. So suffer now, to win later. And so you get the mentality that 'suffering of the martyr type, is good'.
And so, New Age people will do lots of workshops, meditations or processes to reach within and sort out these negative programs and clear their minds and hearts so that they can be congruent and express light into their worlds.
Finally of course the major difference I see is that Christians believe that their sins were and are automatically forgiven them by Jesus's death on the cross. What amazes me about this particular and peculiar belief is that Jesus is not quoted anywhere as having taught this doctrine!


text:
Real Estate album
Real Estate are following their fine singles with a self-titled album through Woodsist on November 17. A popular reference point for commentators has been Pavement, which I can sort of hear in their oblique melodies, although the demented jangle and rough-house riff of Green River is far more likely to be inspired by The Clean and, if that song's title wasn't clue enough, Creedence Clearwater Revival.
The intense spell Real Estate cast on their slower songs is straight out of the Galaxie 500 aesthetic, augmented by neat country licks or sun dazed psychedelia. Beach Comber exemplifies that effect suggesting no less a classic than Opal's Empty Box Blues, which is great company to be keeping.
With that Beach Comber download and both sides of each single included on the album, only five of the album's tracks are new. Hmmm.
1. Beach Comber
2. Pool Swimmers
3. Suburban Dogs
4. Black Lake
5. Atlantic City
6. Fake Blues
7. Green River
8. Suburban Beverage
9. Lets Rock The Beach
10. Snow Days
Posted by Fire Escape at 11:01 am 3 comments:
Until Saturday's reunion gig in Rochester, Kent, I last saw The Claim 19 years ago in the upstairs room of The Glassblower pub in Soho. They had the snap of The Who, the poignancy of The Kinks and the passion of The Jasmine Minks. I say that's where they were coming from in hindsight, of course; to my contemporary teenage ears they were simply one of the most exciting modern pop bands.
I remember saying that night that Losers Corner was my favourite single of 1990; I also said then that The La's album was my favourite of the year. That album sounds dated now whereas Losers Corner's bitter beat rant about the recession stands up particularly well in 2009.
When The Claim called time in 1992, a new generation of English bands led by Blur were also taking the snarling guitars and waspish melodies of 60s mod as their influence. These new bands looked back in fondness rather than in anger as The Claim had, and found that in commercial terms nostalgia always trumps the new.
It would be overly romantic to harbour the notion that had The Claim's 1988 album Boomy Tella – one of the great lost albums of any decade – been released five years later it would have hitched a ride on Britpop's coattails. After all, no one ever got rich overestimating the intelligence of the record-buying public.
Black Path, a Claim retrospective, is released next week. Their songs stand testament to a band free from any intent other than to elevate pop to exalted levels. It won't make anyone rich, of course – after that Glassblower gig some bloke collected money in a pint glass to pay the bands – but it will make newcomers to The Claim richer.
Dave Read and Dave Arnold of The Claim play a special acoustic set at the Hangover Lounge on Sunday October 11. Entrance is free.
Cheap Free Loan Investments records and Florian single for FREE – Save £300
In a particularly acute case of Ebay Mentalism, someone's trying to pass off Pretentious Girl by Free Loan Investments for £300 (THREE HUNDRED POUNDS) calling it their "mega rare first single". Their first single is in fact Puppy Love on wiaiwya and is still available. As is their album, Have You Been To Mexico.
That ebay vendor is also touting Florian's No One Goes For The Most Clever Girl In Class for the same amount BUT YOU CAN GET ONE FREE WITH ANY WIAIWYA ORDER (singles £3, eps £5, albums £10). While stocks last, obviously (I think John's got about 6 copies – email wiaiwya with your order and ask about postage).
Amida's ep If The Way Loves Two Suns shows a band with a rare knack for a sweet tune delivered ragged round the edges like those (very) old Television Personalities pop-punk nuggets.
These Are Golden Times suggests they've either got a few Creedence Clearwater Revival records in their collection or, perhaps more likely, they favour the sharply dramatic and delicately observed Go-Betweens songs of Robert Forster.
Their spirit of adventure sees them saddle up the horses for the countrified gem of You've Changed, Baby Girl, although this adventurism rather curiously leads them to explore the arrhythmic angularity of oddballs Jackdaw With Crowbar on the sub-minute quirky thrash of Beauty Fades. Still, this very enjoyable ep on Weepop makes this Manchester band one to watch.
Edwyn Collins autumn tour
Edwyn Collins has announced details of a tour around the far-flung corners of the Scottish Highlands & Islands this autumn.
Originally planned for 2005, the tour had to be cancelled following his serious illness in February of that year.
The tour, supported by Tune Up, a Scottish Arts Council Initiative, will see Edwyn joined by Glaswegian band the 1990s. The tour calls in at Helmsdale, a homecoming of sorts for Collins who spent many weeks in this magical place during his recovery.
The Low Miffs, featuring Malcolm Ross, formerly of Josef K, Aztec Camera and Orange Juice, will also appear in Glasgow.
London & Manchester shows have also been announced. Support on both these nights will come from Colorama, fronted by Edwyn's bandmate and collaborator Carwyn Ellis.
The full list of dates are as follows:
14th Kirkwall(Orkney)Fusion
15th Thurso Skinandies
16th Helmsdale Community Centre
18th Aberdeen Lemon Tree
19th Inverness Ironworks
21st Portree (Skye) Aros
22nd Fort William Fired Art
23rd Stornoway (Lewis) An Lanntair
25th Glasgow ABC
27th Manchester Deaf Institute
7th London Bloomsbury Ballroom
Tickets are priced at £15 (£20 in London) and available via www.seetickets.com, www.ticketweb.co.uk & www.ticketline.co.uk
Edwyn is currently writing and recording a new solo album which is due for release in 2010.
Withered Hand - Good News
Dan Willson sings like a man who's only ever received party invitations for wakes and funerals.
The Good News of this album is a play on the Good News Bible and as such follows last year's Religious Songs ep, the title track of which declared: "You're singing religious songs and getting the words wrong".
Religious guilt and repression are recurring themes in Good News. The children's hymn Jesus Wants Me For A Sunbeam is referenced in Cornflake, a drily witty song about sexual frustration ("I'd do anything to get my dick insider her/But that's not what she wants to hear me say") that alludes to the breakfast cereal magnate and lifelong anti-masturbation campaigner John Harvey Kellogg.
Lyrically, Withered Hand's biggest influence is the Silver Jews (death, despair, Jesus and black humour) – it's probably no coincidence that Smith & Jones Forever by the Silver Jews also uses a hymnal motif; musically, take the Silver Jews' maudlin alt rock and swap the cowpoke country element for the subtly rich modern Scottish folk of Alasdair Roberts and James Yorkston, and you've got Good News, the best British album this year.
Posted by Fire Escape at 12:58 pm No comments:
Lost Soul: Sunday
Ain't Go No Problems is Chicago soul straight out of the top drawer. A big local hit for Sunday - or Sunday Williams, to give her full name - in 1969, she followed it a year later with That's What You Want. Now you know all that I know.
Mayer Hawthorne "A Strange Arrangement"
Mayer Hawthorne's debut single last year, Just Ain't Gonna Work Out, marked him as a songwriter with an intuitive gift for the sounds of 60s Motown; I Wish It Would Rain, from his second single, suggested that he has a less assured feel for 70s-style soul ballads.
Hawthorne's album, A Strange Arrangement, confirms this pattern with a collection of sweetly suggestive mid-tempo soul and slightly syrupy ballads. Opening with a prelude, followed by the title track ballad and I Wish It Would Rain, indicates that Hawthorne is aiming at the suite concept of 1970s group soul albums.
More particularly, on these numbers Hawthorne's going for the 'quiet storm' soul pioneered by Smokey Robinson on his 1975 album; in fact, as the wonderful Make Her Mine shows by tipping its hat to The Tracks Of My Tears, Smokey is his dominant influence.
By contrast, the spirit of Curtis Mayfield is invoked on The Ills so well it sounds like a lost backing track; lyrically, though, tackling the social fallout of Hurricane Katrina with a rhyming dictionary is naïve at best. Candyfloss lyrics are fine on the superb Motorcity drama of One Track Mind or the oldies radio gold of Let Me Know, but the message has to fit the medium.
A Strange Arrangement is by turns inspiring and dispiriting; it contains some of the year's best new music and, in comparison, some disappointing ballads. Given the quality of this debut album's high points, Hawthorne could make a jaw-dropping set next time; perhaps if he steps out of Smokey's shadow and avoids the ballads, he'll ensure his own spot in the Hall of Fame.


text:
Q: Passing as Props vs Extracting Cache Apollo Client Nextjs I posted this in the apollo-client repo, but thought I would ask stackoverflow as well
Hello! I'm new to apollo (and graphql as a whole) and am having some questions about SSR / SSG. I conceptually know what SSR/SSG is and how it works, but not so much with apollo-client.
I've tried searching and scouring the web for which way to do this correctly and have seen both versions with little explanation of why, so my goal with this post to have a place to point and go "This is why you do one over the other".
What are the upsides / downsides between doing
This is a mix of TypeScript and psuedo-code please don't critique syntax kthx
// apolloClient.ts
const client = new ApolloClient({
  link: new HttpLink({ uri: '/graphql' }),
  cache: new InMemoryCache(),
});

// component.tsx
import client from '../apolloClient';

const Component: FunctionalComponent = ({ data }) => {
   ...
}

export const getServerSideProps: GetServerSideProps = async () => {
  const { data } = client.query(...);

  return {
    props: { data }
  }
}

// app.tsx
import client from './client';

const MyApp: NextComponentType<AppContext, AppInitialProps, AppProps> = ({ Component, pageProps }) => (
  <ApolloProvider client={client}>
    <Component {...pageProps} />
  </ApolloProvider>
);

VS
// apolloClient.ts
const createClient = () => new ApolloClient({
  link: new HttpLink({ uri: '/graphql' }),
  cache: new InMemoryCache(),
  ssrMode: typeof window === 'undefined',
});

let client: ApolloClient<NormalizedCacheObject>;
const initalizeApollo = (initalState?: NormalizedCacheObject) => {
  const apolloClient = client ?? createClient();

  if (initalState) {
    apolloClient.cache.restore({
      ...apolloClient.cache.extract(),
      ...initalState,
    });
  }

  if (typeof window === 'undefined') return apolloClient;

  client ??= apolloClient;

  return client;
}

const useApollo = (initalState?: NormalizedCacheObject) => useMemo(() => initalizeApollo(initalState), [initalState]);

// component.tsx
import { useQuery } from 'apollo-client';
import useApollo from '../apolloClient';

const Component = () => {
   const { data } = useQuery(...);
}

export const getServerSideProps: GetServerSideProps = async () => {
  const client = useApollo();

  await client.query(...);

  return {
    props: { initalApolloState: client.cache.extract() }
  }
}

// app.tsx
const MyApp: NextComponentType<AppContext, AppInitialProps, AppProps> = ({ Component, pageProps }) => {
  const client = useApollo(pageProps.initalApolloState);

  return (
    <ApolloProvider client={client}>
      <Component {...pageProps} />
    </ApolloProvider>
  )
};

This is my own "I don't understand" portion of this discussion
To me it seems doing it the second way (with SSR?) you're having to run queries twice and write a lot of extra code to get the same effect? What are the performance / safety / any benefits at all to either method.
Thanks!

A: Your first approach is more in line with what Next is trying to do. It wants to pull data at build time for pages via getStaticProps (SSG) or getServerSideProps (SSR). The idea is that it will generate pages on the server statically whenever it can.
Apollo Client doesn't need to be referenced in the getStaticProps/getServerSideProps call. I think you could get away with using Context and not even need Apollo Client the way your code is written.
Where I use Apollo in Next apps is when I need to pull data into components. Next doesn't really have an answer for that but it's what Apollo does really well. A good use case is a menu that appears on every page. You don't want to trigger a site-wide static regeneration if you change on menu item. Apollo will keep all the pages fresh and won't trigger Next to render again.
Outline of what I have been doing in this answer.


A new patient centered model is being applied to spine disorders. Rather than focusing merely on pathology and symptoms the emphasis is on recovery and reactivation. The 1st section of the book will lay out the added value to patients of a reactivation approach.
The overwhelming evidence in support of this new direction will be reviewed along with the reasons why a traditional biomedical way of thinking is far from ideal for a mutifactorial problem such as spine pain. This section will conclude with a discussion of why, when, and how to integrate the basic steps of this broad new biopsychosocial model into everyday clinical practice.
The 2nd section of this book will explore the background, goals, Yellow Flags and behavioural modification of the patient centered approach.


This hotel has a good location and stands amidst a number of Doha's major attractions, markets and malls. The décor is elegant. Hotel facilities include restaurants, a spa, a fitness centre, tennis courts, a sauna, an outdoor swimming pool and Jacuzzi, a children's playground, wireless internet, room service, babysitting services and laundry services. In room facilities include satellite TV and wireless internet.


text:
BEST PRACTICES ON DISPLAY: Aramark and TEAM Online Training
As a founding member of TEAM Coalition, Aramark has embraced the mission of the organization by certifying more than 310,000 employees in TEAM's effective alcohol management training program. Aramark also manages the Responsible Fan programs in the facilities where it operates. In addition, Aramark honors thousands of complimentary soft drink coupons each year as part...
RHIR
TEAM Coalition News
MLB, Budweiser and TEAM Coalition Reward Responsible Fan at the 2019 World Series Game 1
For one very lucky and responsible Houston Astros fan, Game 1 of the 2019 World Series® will forever be treasured as an incredible baseball memory. Laura Lawhon, from Houston, TX, cheered loudly for her beloved Astros from inside Minute Maid Park on Tuesday, October 22, 2019. Mrs. Lawhon and her guest received tickets to the game…
Responsibility Has Its Rewards at the 2019 Coors Light NHL® Stadium Series
The NHL® teamed with Coors Light (the official beer of the NHL) and TEAM Coalition to promote responsible drinking at the 2019 Coors Light NHL Stadium SeriesTM at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, PA on February 23, 2019. While the Flyers and Penguins battled it out on the outdoor ice, 613 NHL® fans scored a responsibility hat trick off the ice,...
Responsible Fans Recognized at Super Bowl LIII
TEAM Coalition proudly joined forces with the National Football League in support of the national Responsibility Has Its Rewards (RHIR) campaign all season long and specifically at the 2019 Pro Bowl in Orlando, Florida on Sunday January 27, 2019 and Super Bowl LIII in Atlanta, GA on Sunday February 3, 2019. Throughout the 2018 NFL…
Responsibility Has Its Rewards at the 2019 Honda NHL® All-Star Game
(L to R): Cole Flint, TEAM Coalition; Carl Mittleman, President of Aramark Sports and Entertainment; David Hackett, District Sales Manager for MillerCoors; Jan Paul Matthews, Pittsburgh Penguins Designated Driver For the Season and winner of the Responsibility Has Its Rewards sweepstakes; Margaret Altman, guest of Mr. Matthews; Jackie Bartolomeo, NHL Social Impact, Growth & Legislative...
Fans Refreshed Responsibly at 2019 Bridgestone NHL Winter Classic
The NHL, Coors Light and TEAM Coalition promoted responsible drinking at the events surrounding the 2019 Bridgestone NHL Winter ClassicTM at Millennium Park in Chicago, IL and at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, IN. CLICK HERE TO SEE ALL OF THE FAN PHOTOS ON FACEBOOK! For the three days leading up the 2019 Bridgestone NHL Winter ClassicTM on January 1,...
Major League Baseball, Budweiser and TEAM Coalition Reward Responsible Fans at the 2018 World Series Game 1
Boston, MA (10/24/2018) – For one very lucky and responsible Boston Red Sox fan, last night's World Series® game will forever be treasured as an incredible baseball memory. Shane Glennon, from New Bedford, MA, cheered loudly for his beloved Red Sox from Fenway Park. Mr. Glennon and his guest received tickets to the game as…
Designated Driver Recognized at Game 3 of The NBA Finals Presented by YouTube TV
Cleveland, OH – Cleveland Cavaliers fan James McCants was particularly excited for Game 3 of the NBA Finals 2018 presented by YouTube TV last night. Mr. McCants was named "Designated Driver for the Season" for the Cavs and attended Game 3 as a grand prize winner of the "Responsibility Has Its Rewards" sweepstakes. Veronica Thomas…
Responsibility Challenge
Kansas City Chiefs Celebrate Win, 2017 Bud Light Good Sport Designated Driver Challenge
The Kansas City Chiefs were recognized on May 11, 2018 for winning the 2017 Bud Light Good Sport Designated Driver Challenge against the rest of the AFC West - Denver Broncos, LA Chargers and Oakland Raiders. Representatives from the Chiefs, Aramark and TEAM Coalition gathered for the celebration. The Bud Light Good Sport Designated Driver Challenge...
Houston Astros Recognized as Winners of Budweiser Good Sport Designated Driver Challenge 2017
The Houston Astros were recognized on February 7, 2018 for winning the 2017 Budweiser Good Sport Designated Driver Challenge against the Texas Rangers. Representatives from the Astros, Aramark, Silver Eagle Distributors and TEAM Coalition gathered for the celebration. The Budweiser Good Sport Designated Driver Challenge tracked the number of fans who pledged to be designated drivers at all...
BEST PRACTICES ON DISPLAY: Lyft and GHSA Partner for Responsibility Over the Holidays 01/19/2021
Master Trainer Spotlight – Billy Langenstein 01/19/2021
Master Trainer Spotlight – Julie Taylor 12/15/2020


Dr Damian Fogarty is a Consultant Kidney Physician in the Regional Nephrology and Transplant Unit, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust. He was formerly a Senior Lecturer and principal investigator with Queen's University Belfast and from 2010-14 was Chairman of the UK Renal Registry, an internationally recognised national audit body with many innovations and plaudits for its work. His clinical and research projects have resulted in over 100 published papers including a number of meta-analyses, 2 book chapters and numerous presentations. He has a particular interest in using routine data for quality improvement, better engagement with patient groups and the use of social media in all these areas.


text:
Richard Farrant (c. 1525 – 30 November 1580) was an English composer, musical dramatist, theater founder, and Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal. The first acknowledgment of him is in a list of the Gentlemen of the Chapel Royal in 1552. The year of his birth cannot be accurately determined. During his life he was able to establish himself as a successful composer, develop the English drama considerably, found the first Blackfriars Theatre, and be the first to write verse-anthems. He married Anne Bower, daughter of Richard Bower who was Master of the Chapel Royal choristers at the time. With Anne he conceived ten children, one of whom was also named Richard.

Work with Royalty

As a member of the Gentleman of the Chapel Royal, Farrant was active in ceremonies surrounding the royal family. He began his work with the Chapel Royal around 1550 under the reign of Edward VI. Fortunately, for Farrant, this is a time that saw huge developments in Latin Church Music. Composers like William Byrd and Christopher Tye were busy expanding and elaborating on the Church Music of the day.  In Farrant's twelve years with the Chapel Royal, he was able to participate in funerals for Edward VI and Mary I, and coronations for Mary I and Elizabeth I. After his work there, he took up a post as lay vicar and organist at St. George's Chapel at Windsor.

Postings

For Farrant, the post at Windsor became a permanent one that he retained for the rest of his life. Along with this, he also acquired the position of Master of the Chapel Royal choristers in November 1569.  Having the choirs of both of these institutions at his disposal gave him an outlet to showcase all of his compositions and plays. In fact, every winter he was able to produce a play for the Queen herself. These positions also allowed him to move back to London in 1576 and begin a public theater of sorts where he rehearsed some of his choir music openly. It was soon after, in 1580, that he died, having left his house to his wife.

Important contributions

Unlike many composers of his day that stuck to only music composition, Farrant also wrote many plays. One of his most important contributions to drama in England is of course the creation of the first Blackfriars Theatre. This eventually became one of the most important places in London for drama to develop during the Renaissance. Farrant is also one of the earliest and most well known composers that began to mix the two mediums of music and drama. It was this uncommon mixture that allowed him to begin to develop the composition style of 'verse.' This becomes prominent in a lot of his pieces including the anthems When as we sat in Babylon, Call to remembrance and Hide not thou thy face.

Works
Because of the time gap, many of Farrant's works are only known because of careful documentation or brief mention from other documents.

Compositions

Ah, alas, You Salt Sea Gods (included in the Dow Partbooks)
Call to Remembrance
Hide Not Thou Thy Face
Lord, for Thy Tender Mercy's Sake
Magnificat & Nunc Dimittis
O Jove, from Stately Throne
O Sacrum Convivium
Single Chant in F Major
Felix Namque
Voluntarye

Dramatic works

Ajax and Ulysses
Quintus Fabius
The History of Mutius Scevola
Xerxes
The History of Loyaltie and Bewtie
The History of Alucius
Orestes
Panthea and Abradatas

References

External links

1525 births
1580 deaths
Renaissance composers
English classical composers
English classical organists
British male organists
Gentlemen of the Chapel Royal
16th-century English composers
16th-century English musicians
English male classical composers
Masters of the Children of the Chapel Royal
Male classical organists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Federalism guards against tyranny because it divides the power equally among both the Central and State government. It ensures that neither government will have greater control over the other! Last, it provides double security for the people because both governments will have control over one another and itself.
The federalism guards tyranny b allowing everyone to have an equal amount of power that way no one in the goverment will have more power than another.
Deavihan S., Jerrel T., Paul S. Shanelle S.
Federalism guards against tyranny because this system gives both the states and the central government both fair power in their designated areas. The central government will control things regarding to the entire nation and the states will control things in their particular states (areas). This way, both forms of government are somewhat equal and do niot get in each others ways. In conclusion, this is a divison of equal power between the states and the central government so nobody becomes too powerful or too weak.
The goverment is made up of two main categories: State & Central.
States have more power over local issues. It splits so that they can check each other. As well as the state goverment is more aware of the culture and needs of the people in their area. This federalism gurads against tyranny.
Federalism shares powers with the states and tyranny doesn't. Tyranny wouldn't given equal power to the states because if we only had a Central Government we would have an unfair government. Tyranny is the unfair use of power by one, few, or many. It provides equal power to both the central and state government. Federalism allows them to check up on each other to make sure no one has more power than the other.
If one group was to have more power than others it would be abusing their power. For example,if someone was to be apart of both the legislative branch and the judical branch, that would be considered tyranny because they would be able to make laws and declare whether they are constitutional or not.
The seperation of powers guard against tyranny by not allowing anyone to have too much power.
The seperation of powers between the three branches guards against tryanny because if all three branches are seperated and distinct, no branch can overlap or affect each other. It also focuses specifically on the primary job of each branch.
Jerrel T., Deavihan S., Shanelle S., Paul S.
The seperation of powers guards against tyranny by giving each government branch equal power and a certain job. This way, each branch focuses on their own priorities but no branch is powerful than the other. They (the branches) can stay out of each others' ways but still be able to speak out when needed.
That even in a democracy, you can have a tyranny. The three braches have a primary job. The Legistlative makes the laws. The Executive carries out the laws. The Judicial interprets the laws and decides if a law was broken. Seperation of powers is needed to guard against tyranny.
The power is given to the States, the word is fedralism,they check each other to see how much power they have, both have a local government, and they check each to see how much power they have.
Federalism guards against tyranny because they all need equal power. If we had a central government we wouldnt have a fair government.No nation would have more power than another.Federalism shares power and tryanny doesnt.
The separation of powers guard against tyranny because in the source the writer James Madison states in his quote that all branches must be separated equally and fairly in thier own primary job regarding the united states as tyranny is the opposite of separate branches sharing equal power.Tyranny is cruel and unfair treatment by people with power.
The powers are separated equal branches where they can check each other. An example of there shared powers are when the Legislative branch confirms the president's nominations, the Judicial branch can declare presidential acts unconstitutional, and the Executive branch can veto a law made by the legislative branch.
DOC.B The seperation of the powers guard against tranmy because one person or group shouldnt have alot of control because then the other branches wouldn't have the same amount of power. Another thing that can happen is that tje other branches may not have power at all if one branch take over.
The separation of powers guard against tyranny by seperating the three powers (legislative, executive, and judicial) equally which keep one person or one group from doing what ever they want. Like in James Madison's quote which states that each of the three departments should have their own seperate power instead of sharing the power or else it would become a tyranny. As long as each branch does its' primary job, they would be on step from tyranny.
The government is made of Central and state government this what makes the madison compound. Federalism is another word for ism.The compound government have local government to give power to the local community. Federalism guard agains tyranny is by making laws and enforcing laws share in equal and fair power and fair groups.
The small state - large state compromise guards against tyranny. The house of representatives was based on the population of the states, the bigger states would be happy because they had a larger population. The senate was equal with two representatives in each the large and small states, making the smaller states happy because of the small population they had.
Katelin Martinez & Luis Rivera!
They made sure tyranny didn't happen because they made sure the power was spread evenly among the 3 branches. They kept their own and other branches doing their job and kept their power limited so they don't have to much. This way, tyranny wouldn't happen.
Paul S. Deavihan S. Jerrel T. Shanelle S.
The framers of the constitution guard against tyranny by giving each government branch some power to have constitutional (reasonable) control over one another. This way no branch can become too powerful because they can all check up on each other if something is amiss. But they don't have too much power over each other that tyranny may occur and one branch may take over the rest. For example, if the legislative creates a law that does not follow the laws of the constitution or is unreasonable, the Supreme Court can declare those laws as unconstitutional.
The framers of the constitution gaurd against tyranny by giving the 3 branches an equal control over each other. For example the exucutive branch can veto a congressional legislation. The legislative branch can confirm the presidents nominations, and the judicial branch or the court can declare presidential acts uncostitutional.
The president can veto Congressional legislation. The branches should complete and have checks and balances. The president nominates judges to supreme court. the supreme court can declare laws on unconstitutional.
Doc.D Small -large state comprimise guarded agianst tryanny by having 2 senators for each state. If the amount of senators were based off poplation then some states like Virgina would have more of a say on votes over states like Rhode island or Delaware. This would lead to tryanny.
The U.S constitution guard is against tyranny because each branch checks over each other so that one branch dosen't over power another and lead to be the unjust of tyranny.
By seperating them no constitution and no no control over each other also they can check each other if there doing ok not to control to check.
inside this document we had learned that all three branches are evry important to the government but like the legislative branch can impeach the president and remove him or her from the office.
The small state- Large state compromise guards against tyranny by protecting the smaller states. Although the larger states have more representatives, the smaller states can gain more representatives if the population of their state increases. This makes it a fair compromise between the larger and smaller states.
Shanelle S.Paul S. Deavihan S. Jerrel T.
Doc.D- Smaller states would be happier because their senators would be able to focus better since there is less people to please.


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