Happy Felix day. I'm a bit nervous on this happy occasion, as I'd very much like to see the M's offense shake off some rust and score a bunch of runs, and I don't want a few series losses to give the Angels a chance to catch up right after the M's put some distance between themselves and the Halos. I'll say that any opportunity the M's give me to feel nervous as opposed to numb and resigned is a gift.
Domingo German looked amazing against the M's last night, and Jeff Sullivan's got a timely piece on the details of the run German's on right now. He looks like he could develop into a very good starter, given his velocity, a solid change-up and a good breaking ball. That repertoire and the Yankees' light-on-fastballs usage has been remarkably effective against just about everyone the past few years, but what sets them apart is that they seem able to essentially clone pitchers who can do this.
Take tonight's starter, Jonathan Loaisiga. He, too, throws a fastball in the mid/high 90s, has a firm change with a bit more armside run and moderate drop, and then a hard, slurvy curve. Loaisiga's mechanics mean that his FB has slightly less run than German's, but everything else looks very similar – the change gets 5″ more run, and the curve's break is just about identical, too. Loaisiga's velocity is a touch higher than German's, which isn't a great sign. Where do the Yankees get all of these guys? Minor trades and minor free agent signings, as I discussed yesterday. The key, though, seems to be that the Yankees are able to essentially clone their biggest player development success: Luis Severino.
Severino throws harder than just about everyone, so he's got a touch better FB than German/Loaisiga, but the parallels are kind of spooky. Loaisiga's heater averaged 96.4 MPH in his one start, and had 9.38″ of vertical rise, with about 3″ of armside run. Severino's has averaged 98.3 MPH (!) this year, with 9.39″ of rise and 4″ of armside run. They both throw a change at 88 MPH, with essentially the same vertical movement; Loaisiga's gets a touch more run, though that could be a small sample thing. Severino's breaker is a slider, so it's firmer and has more horizontal movement than Loaisiga's slurve, but still – these are very similar pitchers.
That's the key to creating a sustainable, dominant team: replicating player development successes. The M's turned James Paxton from frustrating, oft-injured, command-plagued enigma into the team's ace. Imagine if they could do that with other lanky over-the-top-throwing starters they had in the minors? I'd take another 3-4 Paxtons, even if none of them were quite as good as the original.
2nd round pick Josh Stowers homered in his pro debut last night for Everett, who beat Hillsboro. Arkansas sewed up a playoff spot in the Texas League with a win over NW Arkansas, and Tacoma swept the I-Cubs at Cheney. Everett's in Vancouver tonight, while Tacoma's off. Modesto and Clinton had All Star Games in their leagues last night, so they get another night off for their mid-season break.
I have to watch these Yankees Mariners games on the YES network where I live and its even more terrible than any of you could possibly imagine.
I feel sorry for having to deal with Yes.
Felix looks ok. Judge got lucky on one pitch. Come on bullpen!
Gosh, seemed like the plate umpire was squeezing the Mariner's pitchers all night. Lots of pitches right on the black and seems none were called strikes. Here's a link to an article about how MLB umpires get evaluated; seems like tonight's ump should get some really bad feedback after a game like that. Maybe a little home team / Yankee courtesy?
Hard to believe the M's can't get a better utility player than Andrew Romine.
We are basically a NL line up anytime he plays. And it's not like he is in a slump, he has been terrible his entire career. Huge track record of sucking for years.
Why did they get rid of Motter again?


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text:
Q: Android databinding cannot find the setter for attribute I'm trying to use android databinding library with Kotlin and want provide custom attribute for RecyclerView. For this I've created a file with this code:
@BindingAdapter("config")
fun configRecyclerView(recyclerView: RecyclerView, config: RecyclerViewConfig) {
    config.apply(recyclerView)
}

Where RecyclerViewConfig is:
class RecyclerViewConfig private constructor(
    val adapter: RecyclerView.Adapter<RecyclerView.ViewHolder>,
    val layoutManager: RecyclerView.LayoutManager,
    val isNestedScrollingEnabled: Boolean,
    val hasFixedSize: Boolean
) {

    fun apply(recyclerView: RecyclerView) {
        recyclerView.layoutManager = layoutManager
        recyclerView.isNestedScrollingEnabled = isNestedScrollingEnabled
        recyclerView.setHasFixedSize(hasFixedSize)
        recyclerView.adapter = adapter
    }

    class Builder {

        private lateinit var adapter: RecyclerView.Adapter<RecyclerView.ViewHolder>
        private lateinit var layoutManager: RecyclerView.LayoutManager
        private var isNestedScrollingEnabled = true
        private var hasFixedSize = true

        fun adapter(adapter: RecyclerView.Adapter<RecyclerView.ViewHolder>): Builder {
            this.adapter = adapter
            return this
        }

        fun layoutManager(layoutManager: RecyclerView.LayoutManager): Builder {
            this.layoutManager = layoutManager
            return this
        }

        fun nestedScrollingEnabled(isNestedScrollingEnabled: Boolean): Builder {
            this.isNestedScrollingEnabled = isNestedScrollingEnabled
            return this
        }

        fun hasFixedSize(hasFixedSize: Boolean): Builder {
            this.hasFixedSize = hasFixedSize
            return this
        }

        fun build() = RecyclerViewConfig(adapter, layoutManager, isNestedScrollingEnabled, hasFixedSize)
    }

}

Also I have my ownViewModel with RecyclerViewConfig inside:
class AdvertPageViewModel(val context: Context) : RecyclerViewModel {

    private val adapter: RealtyAdvertAdapter
    private val listener: OnPageContentsClickListener
    private val config: RecyclerViewConfig

    init {
        listener = createListener()
        config = createConfig()
        adapter = RealtyAdvertAdapter(createAdvert().toPageItems(), listener)
    }

    override fun getConfig() = config

    private fun createConfig() =
            RecyclerViewConfig.Builder()
                    .adapter(adapter)
                    .layoutManager(LinearLayoutManager(context))
                    .build()

    private fun createListener() = object: OnPageContentsClickListener {

        override fun onCallButtonClick(phone: String) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onCallButtonClick")
        }

        override fun onWriteButtonClick(phone: String) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onWriteButtonClick")
        }

    }
}

I create it like this:
override fun onViewCreated(view: View?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
    viewModel = AdvertPageViewModel(context)
    if (view != null) {
        val binding = FragmentAdvertPageBinding.bind(view)
        binding.viewModel = viewModel
    }
}

And there's layout for Fragment:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">

    <data>
        <variable
            name="viewModel"
      type="ru.am.realty.ui.fragments.advertpage.AdvertPageViewModel"/>
    </data>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
            android:id="@+id/rv_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            app:config="@{viewModel.getConfig()}"/>

    </LinearLayout>
</layout>

The problem is that when I try to build application, there's an error occured:
Error:(20, 27) Cannot find the setter for attribute 'app:config' with
parameter type ru.am.realty.ui.base.viewmodel.RecyclerViewConfig on
android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.

So, I was looking for any solutions, but without success. And I have no idea, what's wrong with my code
UPDATE: there's gradle file
apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-kapt'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 26
    defaultConfig {
        minSdkVersion 17
        targetSdkVersion 26
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        debug {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }

    dataBinding {
        enabled = true
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation"org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jre7:$kotlin_version"
    implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0'
    implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:26.1.0'

    // Rx
    implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxkotlin:2.2.0'
    implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.2'

    //di
    implementation 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.15'
    kapt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.15'

    kapt 'com.android.databinding:compiler:3.0.1'

    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.1'
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Check analysis status
GhanaPost GPS: GA-107-2878
info@foodresearchgh.org
Food Research Institute
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Product Dev't & Upscaling
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Primary Food Processing
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Hiring of Conference Facilities
Facility set-up
Lecturing
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Root and Tuber Products Program
Meat, Fish, Poultry and Dairy Products Program
Cereal, Grain and Legume Products Program
Fruit and Vegetable Products Program
Our Contribution to National Development
The major achievements of the CSIR-Food Research Institute over the years are recognized in terms of their significant contribution to the Trade and Industry, Agriculture, Health and Education Sectors of the national economy:
Food Production Development
Appropriate technologies have been developed and transferred for the production of several new convenience foods which are either adequate alternatives to imported materials or have export potential.
These include Root and Tuber-based convenience foods such as fortified gari, improved kokonte flour, agbelima flour and fufu powders (yam, cocoyam and plantain), as well as cereal/legume-based convenience foods such as Dehydrated Fermented Maize Meal, High protein Infant Weaning Foods, Composite Flours and High Quality Legume Flours. The local production, utilization and export of some of these products constitute a large saving on foreign exchange for the country.
Development of technologies used as solutions for Industrial Problems
The Institute has employed the expertise of its staff to solve technical problems In various industries, which would otherwise have been crippled, by these problems. As a result the operations of these companies have been sustained; jobs maintained and social harmony ensued. Some examples are as follows:
To reduce the nation's import of wheat flour matrons, bakers and caterers in different regions (Central, Western and Greater Accra regions) of the country have been trained in the use of alternative flours such as high quality cassava flour, yam flour, cocoyam flour, potato flour and cowpea flour.
The quality, stability and acceptability of snail meat through newer processing methods have been studied and technology transferred to snail meat processors.
There have been the improvement of processes that enhance the control of safety, sensory and nutritional quality of kenkey, these processes have been transferred to kenkey producers.
A strong pungent aroma is characteristic of dawadawa, through added processes, this pungent aroma has been reduced and technologies transferred to producers in the Northern region.
Over 10,000 tons of fresh cassava have been moved through the cassava value chain for the production of high quality cassava grits, high quality cassava flour, kokonte and gari to various end-users.
There have been activities involved in the increase in micronutrients of foods fed to school children using underutilized fish species.
There have been the construction of an Agribusiness Incubation Centre for the production of glucose syrup and ethanol for pharmaceutical and confectionary utilization.
Analytical and Technical Service Support to Industry
The Institute renders technical and analytical services to several local food industries on regular basis. Regular and consistent provision of good quality analytical service and advice to industry has helped several industries to monitor the quality of their products and guarantee a product of consistent quality to consumers. So far over 90 industries, enterprises etc benefit from the regular analytical services of the Institute. Institute expertise and facilities are also used by budding enterprises in product development, equipment identification and selection. The Institute has also supported large companies such as UNILEVER in pilot scale development and production of new foods over the past ten years.
Design and Construction of Food Processing Equipment
The Institute has designed and constructed high performance hot air dryers, flour sifters, cassava graters, hammer mills, and other food processing equipment that have helped various local food processing industries to establish their businesses while saving on imported alternatives to these equipment.
Training in Microbiological Safety and Quality Control
The Institute has trained several quality control officers and technical staff of various industries in the microbiological safety and quality control of foods. This has led to improvement in the quality of manufactured food products and has automatically impacted on the health and productivity of the population.
Training of local Entrepreneurs
A number of potential local entrepreneurs have been trained in technologies developed by the institute. These technologies include, fish smoking, fruit and vegetable processing, salt Iodation, mushroom production, cassava processing, soy milk and soy flour production etc. Most of the trainees have set up businesses based on the technologies and are producing to meet the needs of both the local and export markets. The result is that jobs have been created, foreign exchange is earned and the livelihoods of people improved. Notable among some of these entrepreneurs are: Elsa Foods, Gracem Enterprise, Darkruby Enterprise, and Ebenut.
Development of Marketable Technologies
The Institute has assisted various enterprises with appropriate technologies to produce shelf-stable agbelima flour on commercial scale. The enterprises include Elsa Foods, Praise Export Services and Neat Foods.
Development and Application of HACCP Systems for Food Quality Assurance: Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point systems have been developed for traditional small- and medium-scale enterprises to enhance competitiveness in international trade.
Development and transfer of improved rice post-production and marketing technologies to enhance rural livelihoods in Northern Ghana: Improved rice post-production and marketing systems have been developed and transferred to enhance rural livelihoods in northern Ghana. This project is helping to reduce rice imports through the development of the Rice Industry for improved quality product. Promotional strategies to introduce suitable technologies and practical solutions for the improvement of locally parboiled rice have been developed, with a view to increasing the income of all stakeholders in the production chain and improving product quality and safety, making the local rice more competitive.
Mushroom Cultivation: The Institute has been involved with training and extension activities for the general public, entrepreneurs and individuals on mushroom cultivation and spawn production. Technologies such as production of mushrooms from rice by-products and the use of elephant grass and thatch for the production of edible and medicinal mushrooms. Not less than 300 participants have been trained within the past five years. Most of the trainees have established small-scale mushroom farming units with spawn provided by the Institute. On-site training programmes have also been conducted for participants in the Volta, Ashanti, Eastern and Central Regions of Ghana within the period. The Institute also assisted the Christian Rural Aid Network (CRAN) to set up a compost bag unitat Woete in the Volta region.
There have been the development and promotion of technologies for production of High Quality Cassava Flour and glucose Syrup from Cassava: Technologies have been developed and transferred to facilitate a sustainable uptake of cassava as an industrial commodity. Significant among these are the technology for the production of high quality cassava flour (HQCF) and the adapted and fine-tuned technology for the production of glucose syrup from the HQCF for use in the manufacture of biscuits, confectionery, soft drinks and other food products. The Amasa Agro Processing Company and Rodmends Company Ltd are now producing the HQCF for use by Western Veneer and Lumber Company Ltd. in Takoradi and Oti Saw Mills in Sunyani in place of imported wheat flour for plywood manufacture. Afrimart is producing the glucose syrup for Long Life Confectionery for manufacture of biscuits and sweets. Hitherto, no industry in Ghana produced glucose syrup and, before this innovation, over 500 metric tons of glucose syrup was imported annually into the country for use in various industries.
The Institute has over the years played a significant role in developing appropriate technologies for storage and preservation as well as adding value to various food commodities to reduce post-harvest losses. Also significant is the Institute's unique efforts at embarking on projects aimed at addressing livelihood constraints of farm families through promotion of small-scale processing activities to improve their incomes for enhanced household food and nutrition security. Some of the achievements in this area are stated below.
Development and promotion of improved storage cribs: The Institute developed and promoted improved storage cribs for maize through field demonstrations in various districts, to help reduce post¬harvest losses. Simple hand shellers were also introduced to farmers.
Contribution to Development of Improved Crop Varieties: The Institute contributed to agricultural development through screening and selection of improved varieties of cereals, legumes, and root and tubers for anti-nutritional factors and suitability for processing and local dish preparation. This is in support of the varietal development activities of the agricultural based Institutes of the CSIR.
Development, Promotion and Transfer of Bambara Processinq Technologies to Enhance Rural Livelihoods in Northern Ghana: The Food Research Institute has developed and promoted bambara processing and utilization technologies for improved food security and livelihood of poor households in the Gushiegu-Karaga, Tolon-Kumbugu, Savelugu-Nanton districts, and the Tamale municipality in northern Ghana. The technology has been transferred to two entrepreneurs as well as 219 women engaged in micro-scale bambara processing in the four districts. Over 370 women have been exposed to household application of the technology through field demonstrations.
Formulation of Recipes: Recipes and Recipe Manuals have been developed for diversified uses of sweet potatoes,cassava,soybean, cowpea and maize. The Institute has trained community bakers in Agona Nkwanta, Ahanta West District of the Western Region on the use of cassava, sweet potato and cowpea flours. There has also been training of kitchen staff of senior high schools, Ghana Prisons Service and commercial bakers in composite bread making using high quality cassava flour. These has enhanced the utilization of the various commodities for increased agricultural production and food security.
Establishment of cassava processing plants in Rural Communities: The Institute has sourced funds through collaborative projects to set up cassava processing plants for various cassava producing communities in the country. This is greatly enhancing the scale of cassava processing and reducing post-harvest losses. Four cassava-processnq units have been established for beneficiary communities in Mantsi (Greater Accra), Doblo-Gonno (Greater Accra), Brofoyeduro (Central Region), and Beposo Nkran (Western Region). With the strengthening of the technological capacities of the four cassava producing communities in processing, production levels have increased and income generation enhanced. Effective Management systems have been established and this has led to sustainability of the operations. Again, several Cassava Flour Pilot Plants have been established in various districts. Two of such Pilot Plants are fully operational throughout the year at Amanase near Suhum and Adidwan near Asante Mampong. In addition the Institute has been able to construct a total of 52 improved gari production stoves for various beneficiary groups in the Greater Accra, Eastern, Brong-Ahafo and Northern Regions of the country.
The health sector has benefitted from the activities of the Institute through our community nutrition interventions, food safety awareness creation, development and promotion of technologies for weaning foods as well as addressing food related health hazards through research. Some of the achievements in this area are as follows:
Food Safety:
Food safety awareness has been created through screening of raw and processed foods for mycotoxins, heavy metal contamination, agrochemical residues, pathogens etc., and advice given on preventive measures.
Safety of Street Foods:
The extent of hazards from heavy metals and microbiological contamination in street foods in Accra has been evaluated and the sources of some of the heavy metal and microbiological contaminations identified. Economically viable and socially acceptable control measures for reducing the hazards to acceptable levels have been determined and verified. Consultative document on street foods has been completed and disseminated to lawmakers/ regulatory bodies, enforcement agencies, NGOs and other appropriate ministries.
Improved Nutritional Status of Rural Communities:
The nutritional and health status of some farming communities have been improved through development and extension of household legume processing and utilization technologies. There has also been a fortification programme with premix of cereal flour and micronutrients in 12 rural communities in the Upper East, Upper West and Northern regions of Ghana.
Biological Degradation of Aflatoxins:
In collaboration with other scientists from Germany and Nigeria, the Institute has been able to isolate and identify an organism that is able to break down aflatoxin.
Generate scientific information for teaching at tertiary level:
High level staff members who are part-time lecturers of the Universities
External Examiners for graduate students
Supervise and offer facilities for post-graduate training
Internship for 2nd and 3rd –Year Students from the Universities
Practical Training for tertiary students on attachment annually
Run training programmes for teachers in specific areas
Activities of the Institute
In order to achieve the mission, vision and goal of the Institute, its programmes are centred on market oriented Research & Development activities for the solution of postharvest problems in Ghana and also to generate income. The main objectives of its activities are:
To develop and provide technical information, training and consultancy services to the private sector and other stakeholders in the food agro-processing industry.
To transfer appropriate technology packages for agro-processing and storage of raw agricultural produce to facilitate curtailment of post-harvest losses and promote value addition for local and export markets.
To strengthen the Institute's capability and linkages with the agro-processing industry through human resource and infrastructural development, restructuring and re-organisation for effective commercialization of operations.
To accomplish its objectives, the activities of the Institute are classified under the following programmes to cover the national food commodity security and sovereignty:
Root and Tuber products
Cereal grains and Legume products
Meat fish and dairy products
Fruit vegetable and spice products
Technology business incubation
Areas of Commercialization include:
Consultancy, Training and throughput Technology Transfer
Technical and Analytical Services
Sale of Research By-Products
Equipment design and fabrication
Hiring of Food Processing Facilities
Food Research Institute is located Adjacent to Ghana Standards Authority, Near Gulf House, Tetteh Quarshie Interchange, Accra, Ghana. We are open to the general public from Monday to Friday 7:30am - 5:00pm, excluding holidays. If you need any additional information or have a question, please contact us on 0302-519091/+233-243302980 or email us at info@foodresearchgh.org or director@foodresearchgh.org.
Corporate CSIR
MPhil Food Science and Technology
GRATITUDE Project
CSIR College of Science and Technology
© 2019 Food Research Institute.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


oxd-csharp uses a configuration file to specify information needed to configure the OpenID Connect client. If OpenID dynamic client registration is used, the config file needs to be writable by the app, because oxd will save the client id and client secret to this file.
oxd-csharp can communicate with the oxd server via sockets or HTTPS.
Below are minimal configuration examples for sockets and HTTPS transport. The oxd_config.json file contains a full list of configuration parameters and sample values.
"error_description":"Resource is not protected. Please protect your resource first with uma_rs_protect command."
"error_description":"Ticket is not valid (outdated or not present on Authorization Server)."
Please report technical issues and suspected bugs on our Support Page.


The House Intelligence Committee on Friday released a declassified and controversial memo that accuses the FBI and the Department of Justice of abusing their surveillance authority in targeting a former aide to President Donald Trump's campaign.
Drawing on a frequent Republican talking point, the memo also raises questions about the explosive dossier laying out ties between Trump's campaign and Russia.
"A lot of people should be ashamed of themselves," Trump said after he signed off on the memo's release.
The House Intelligence Committee on Friday released a highly controversial memo spearheaded by its chairman, Rep. Devin Nunes, after President Donald Trump authorized its declassification.
The memo claims, among other things, that several top officials at the Justice Department and the FBI acted improperly when they signed off on so-called FISA applications seeking extended surveillance of Carter Page, a former Trump campaign adviser.
Trump said after announcing its declassification that "a lot of people should be ashamed of themselves," while top Democrats and current and former intelligence committee officials both blasted its release and portrayed it as much ado about nothing.
"That's it?" tweeted James Comey, the former FBI director.
Though Trump and his allies have repeatedly accused the FBI and the DOJ of relying on insufficient evidence to monitor and investigate campaign associates, the excerpt appears to indicate the opposite.
The FBI obtained the first FISA warrant targeting Page in October 2016. Five officials subsequently signed off on applications to continue surveilling Page after they all separately found probable cause to do so.
The dossier, compiled by the former MI6 officer Christopher Steele, was originally funded by a group of Republicans who opposed Trump during the Republican primaries. After Trump became the party's nominee, Hillary Clinton's campaign and the Democratic National Committee hired the Perkins Coie law firm, which in turn retained the opposition-research firm Fusion GPS to fund the dossier's production.
But the memo appears to suggest that it wasn't the dossier but an interaction involving George Papadopoulos, another former Trump campaign adviser, that triggered the Russia investigation and the FISA warrant targeting Page.
The "Papadopoulos information" most likely refers to an interaction in May 2016 during which Papadopoulos is said to have boasted to a top Australian diplomat about Russia's "kompromat" on Clinton while he was drinking at a swanky London bar.
In July 2016, the anti-secrecy group WikiLeaks posted a trove of hacked emails from the DNC. Australian officials informed their American counterparts of Papadopoulos' conversation with the diplomat, Alexander Downer, The New York Times reported last year.
The FBI began scrutinizing the Trump campaign's ties to Russia that same month.
The memo raises more questions about Steele's dossier, saying it "formed an essential part" of the FISA application for Page.
"Steele was a longtime FBI source who was paid over $160,000 by the DNC and Clinton campaign, via the law firm Perkins Coie and research firm Fusion GPS, to obtain derogatory information on Donald Trump's ties to Russia," it says.
Legal experts and former intelligence officials, however, have argued that who funded the dossier doesn't matter as much as the veracity of its claims. Much of it remains uncorroborated, but both the FBI and the Senate Intelligence Committee are using the document as a "roadmap" while they investigate Russia's election interference.
The memo also says the FBI ended its relationship with Steele after it learned he had made an "unauthorized disclosure" to members of the media about that relationship. But The Atlantic on Friday described two people familiar with Steele's actions as saying he never misled the FBI about his interactions with the media.
Nunes has drawn sharp criticism from Rep. Adam Schiff, his Democratic counterpart on the House Intelligence Committee, who said in a statement Friday that though Nunes' memo sought to show that the FBI and the DOJ improperly sought a FISA warrant targeting Page, Nunes had not seen the underlying intelligence on which it was based.
Sen. Mark Warner, the ranking member on the Senate Intelligence Committee, echoed Schiff's criticisms in a separate statement.
He said the committee's Democrats submitted their memo to the DOJ and the FBI – a move its Republicans did not make. He added that Democrats would release their document only after the White House approved it and it went through a significant redaction process to protect intelligence sources and methods.
Schiff also accused Nunes of mischaracterizing part of testimony before the committee in December from Andrew McCabe, who stepped down as the deputy director of the FBI earlier this week.
The memo says McCabe said the FISA warrant would not have been sought without information from the dossier. Schiff said that part was "cherry-picked" and taken out of context, arguing that McCabe meant that the raw intelligence Steele had obtained regarding Page was part of the FISA application and that it would not have been complete without it.
"Only very select components of what Steele reported about Page were included in the [FISA] application," Schiff said.
The memo says Bill Priestap, who heads the FBI's counterintelligence division, noted that corroboration of the dossier was in its "infancy" at the time of the first FISA application seeking to surveil Page.
But previous reports have suggested that the dossier was not the primary driver of the decision to file the application and that the warrant included information beyond what was in it. The Wall Street Journal reported on Thursday that Page had been a source of concern for US counterintelligence officials since 2013, more than three years before he joined the Trump campaign.
In a statement to Business Insider on Friday, Page said he approved of the memo's release.
"The brave and assiduous oversight by Congressional leaders in discovering this unprecedented abuse of process represents a giant, historic leap in the repair of America's democracy," he said.
She said Trump decided to declassify the memo after consulting his national security team and members of law enforcement and the intelligence community.
The New York Times reported last weekend that Republicans were likely to use the memo to contend that Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein acted improperly in approving an application to extend surveillance of Page that was partly based on dubious research funded by Democratic organizations.
Rosenstein oversees the special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation into Russia's interference in the 2016 US election and whether members of Trump's campaign colluded with Moscow to tilt the election in his favor. Mueller is also examining whether Trump sought to obstruct justice when he fired James Comey as FBI director in May.
If Trump were to fire Rosenstein, Rachel Brand, the associate attorney general, would assume oversight of the Russia investigation.
The memo and its release have sparked a firestorm on Capitol Hill and within the intelligence community.
Republicans said they wanted to release the document to promote transparency and hold law enforcement accountable, but Democrats have characterized it as a thinly veiled attempt to distract the public and discredit the agencies investigating the president and his associates.
Top officials in intelligence and law enforcement had cautioned against the memo's release.
FBI Director Christopher Wray and Rosenstein met on Monday with the White House chief of staff, John Kelly, to argue against releasing the memo, saying the document contained several inaccuracies and that releasing it could expose sources and methods, The Washington Post reported earlier Friday.
When Kelly didn't budge, Wray again called him on Monday night but was unsuccessful, The Post said, citing administration officials.
The next day, at least five FBI officials traveled to the White House to speak with Kelly about the memo, the report said. Dan Coats, the director of national intelligence, had also cautioned the chief of staff against releasing the document.
The Justice Department, meanwhile, had said it would be "extraordinarily reckless" for the House Intelligence Committee to approve the memo's release without giving the department enough time to review it and advise lawmakers about national-security implications.
"As expressed during our initial review, we have grave concerns about material omissions of fact that fundamentally impact the memo's accuracy," the statement said.
CBS News reported on Thursday that Wray – who has mostly expressed reservations about the memo behind closed doors – was prepared to publicly issue a rebuttal.


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Suggested Citation:"Summary." Institute of Medicine. 2015. Strategies to Improve Cardiac Arrest Survival: A Time to Act. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21723.
Each year, cardiac arrest strikes more than half a million people and contributes to avoidable death and disability across the United States; it affects seemingly healthy individuals of all ages, races, and genders, often without warning. Defined as a severe malfunction or cessation of the electrical and mechanical activity of the heart, cardiac arrest results in almost instantaneous loss of consciousness and collapse. Following a cardiac arrest, each minute without treatment decreases the likelihood of survival with good neurologic and functional outcomes. Thus, the consequences of delayed action can have profound and, in many cases, avoidable ramifications for individuals, families, and communities.
Conservative estimates identify cardiac arrest as the third leading cause of death in the United States, following cancer and heart disease (see Taniguchi et al., 2012). In 2013, approximately 395,000 people suffered a cardiac arrest in community settings (Daya et al., 2015).1 In hospital settings, annual cardiac arrests incidence is approximately 200,000 (Merchant et al., 2011).2 Of these, approximately 12,500 children experience cardiac arrest each year (Atkins et al., 2009; Morrison et al., 2013).
1The 2013 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence statistic (395,000) includes patient of all ages and cardiac arrests events with both cardiac and non-cardiac (e.g., trauma, drowning, poisoning, and other related causes) etiologies. This figure is an approximation based on analysis of data from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium-Epistry, the limitations of which are described in Chapter 2. The calculation of incidence is available in the committee's commissioned paper (Daya et al., 2015).
2The reported statistics for in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) are based a 2011 analysis, using the most recent available data (years 2003 through 2007) from the Get with the Guidelines-Resuscitation Registry (Chan, 2015). The study used three separate approaches to calculate the estimated ranges of annual in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) events in the United States.
Overall, cardiac arrest survival rates remain low (Daya et al., 2015; Go et al., 2013), and the cost of care and the number of productive years lost because of cardiac arrest death and disability are large relative to other conditions, such as individual cancers (Stecker et al., 2014).
Cardiac arrest survival rates vary widely between communities and hospitals (Carr et al., 2009; Chatalas and Plorde, 2014; Merchant et al., 2014; Nichol et al., 2008) and are a reflection of complex system, environmental, and social challenges. Although some communities and hospitals have improved cardiac arrest outcomes (Blom et al., 2014; Chan et al., 2014; Wong et al., 2014), pronounced variations in outcomes persist, disproportionally affecting individuals who already have greater risks for poor health status. Notable disparities may be affected by individual demographics (e.g., race, age, gender, health status), location of arrest, initial cardiac arrest rhythm, rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use, and characteristics of emergency medical services (EMS) and health care systems (e.g., response time, treatment availability, training, and care quality).
Effective treatments for specific types of cardiac arrest are widely available and could reduce deaths and disability if they were more efficiently implemented. Decreasing the time between cardiac arrest onset and the first chest compressions is critical. High-performing communities provide examples of public health infrastructures and organized system responses that facilitate timely treatments and effective transitions of care (see Chatalas and Plorde, 2014). Within systems of care, continuous quality improvement initiatives based on existing guidelines have led to more proactive and responsive care models that fit local needs and resources, contributing to higher quality care and better outcomes. Bystander-administered CPR is associated with increased survival rates and better neurologic outcomes following cardiac arrest (Bobrow et al., 2010; Kitamura et al., 2012; McNally et al., 2011; Sasson et al., 2010). Public education campaigns encourage discussions about the importance of being prepared to respond to a cardiac arrest, and advances in basic, clinical, and translational research could lead to new discoveries in cardiac arrest etiology and pathophysiology, facilitating innovative technologies, new research models, and the widespread adoption of new therapies.
local resources and personnel must provide appropriate, high-quality care to save the life of a community member. But local decisions should be informed by data, analysis, and shared experience, evolving in response to emerging research and innovative therapies to improve cardiac arrest outcomes. To facilitate informed decision making and collaboration within the resuscitation field, specific barriers must be overcome.
From a social perspective, the resuscitation field has a public identity crisis, which has stymied attempts to communicate the public health threat of cardiac arrest for more than 30 years. The public often equates cardiac arrest with a heart attack, but cardiac arrests outside of hospitals (unlike heart attacks) rarely have early warning signs and require immediate intervention to avoid death and disability. Bystanders can provide basic life support treatments, by activating the EMS system, administering CPR, and applying defibrillation with an AED. Some European countries mandate first aid training, resulting in as many as 95 percent (Norway) and 80 percent (Germany) of the public trained in CPR and AED use (IFRC, 2009). However, less than 3 percent of the U.S. population receives CPR training annually (Anderson et al., 2014), rendering many bystanders unprepared to respond to cardiac arrest.
Within the resuscitation field, cardiac arrest is often characterized by location of the event (i.e., out-of-hospital cardiac arrest [OHCA] versus in-hospital cardiac arrest [IHCA]), which may be a natural reflection of the traditionally separate roles of EMS and hospital systems. However, this characterization tends to fragment the research community, limit advocacy coordination, and complicate efforts to best utilize finite resources. For example, the study and delivery of care for OHCA and IHCA are often viewed as independent and sometimes competing areas rather than complementary activities within the same system of response. Although the general risk factors and contexts for each type of cardiac arrest may differ, health outcomes depend on coordination across the systems and the alignment of quality improvement activities. Similarly, tensions related to prioritization and funding exist between the need to effectively implement interventions associated with improved outcomes and the need for basic, clinical, and translational research to generate new treatments and care paradigms.
United States. For example, stroke kills approximately 130,000 people each year (CDC, 2015). However, in 2014 stroke research received seven times more support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) than cardiac arrest research, which included studies related to cardiac arrest, sudden cardiac death, or resuscitation sciences (Lathrop, 2014; NIH, 2015). This lack of data and resources creates challenges for promoting general public and professional awareness about cardiac arrest and the need for immediate response and treatment. It also stifles the potential of resuscitation research to advance the field and improve patient outcomes.
In 2013, the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, the American Red Cross, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NIH, and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to conduct a consensus study on the factors affecting resuscitation research and outcomes in the United States. The IOM committee was charged with evaluating the public health dimensions of cardiac arrest treatment, with a focus on the following five areas: CPR and the use of AEDs, EMS and hospital systems of resuscitation care, national cardiac arrest statistics, resuscitation research, and future therapies and strategies for improving health outcomes from cardiac arrest within the next decade. The committee's charge did not include examining the role or impact of prevention. Additionally, because of the quality and availability of evidence about cardiac arrest, the committee focused its analysis on treatments up through hospital discharge and outcomes through 90-days post discharge.
3This statistic is an approximation based on annual case counts of OHCA and IHCA.
workshops, the committee examined the available scientific literature and commissioned analyses of recent data on OHCA and IHCA.
Since 1991, the chain of survival (see Figure S-1) has been the dominant operational model in the resuscitation field. The model focuses on early activation of basic and advanced life support responses for individuals with cardiac arrest, beginning in the prehospital phase and following through to post-arrest care. The likelihood of a positive outcome decreases if any link is delayed or improperly implemented. This model has been influential in strengthening the delivery of care within discrete systems, leading to increased survival rates for some pioneering communities. Strategies and interventions aimed at enhancing the recognition of cardiac arrest and increasing the timeliness and quality of care have been applied to further reinforce the chain. Although the chain of survival is useful to guide operational decisions within individual systems, a different framework is needed to identify overarching goals for the broader resuscitation field.
Promoting advances in cardiac arrest health outcomes will require coordination, cooperation, and consultation across many disciplines and actors. Fluid and formal transitions between sites of care help identify and target factors influencing patient care. To facilitate productive discussion between federal, state, local, and community representatives, a comprehensive systems-level framework is needed to guide the development of cohesive short- and long-term strategies that are necessary to reduce the public burden of cardiac arrest. Figure S-2 illustrates a systems-level framework that can be used to identify relationships between actors and organize actions between actors that affect cardiac arrest treatment and outcomes. One goal—to increase the likelihood of survival with good neurologic and functional outcomes for any person who suffers a cardiac arrest (i.e., improved patient outcomes)—provides the roof. Together, the foundation and pillars are part of an integral, comprehensive, system-level response that is necessary to revitalize the resuscitation field and improve population health and patient outcomes from cardiac arrest in the short and long term.
FIGURE S-1 Cardiac arrest chain of survival.
NOTE: ACLS = advanced cardiac life support; CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation..
SOURCE: Resuscitation Academy, n.d., p. 14.
4Dispatcher-assisted CPR (also referred to as dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR, just-in-time instruction, and telecommunicator CPR) is a term that includes the identification of cardiac arrest and the provision of CPR instructions to a 911 caller prior to the arrival of EMS providers at the scene of a cardiac arrest (see Chapter 4). Because dispatchers and 911 call takers may not be the same person, especially in large 911 centers, "telecommunicator" is used as an umbrella term to refer to any individual who works in a 911 center and has responsibility for receiving calls and/or sending help. However, to remain consistent with recent Utstein core measures and with terminology generally used in emergency medicine and by the public, this report uses the term "dispatcher-assisted CPR" to mean CPR instruction provided over a phone to a rescuer by a trained individual.
FIGURE S-2 A unifying framework for improving patient outcomes from cardiac arrest.
NOTES: This figure is based on an illustration from the Institute of Medicine's Crisis Standards of Care series, which proposed a framework for catastrophic disaster response to assist in crisis standards of care planning (IOM, 2013, p. 18). Although the purpose and specific elements are different, the committee found the general approach useful to frame the principles, actions, and actors relevant to an overarching system of response to cardiac arrest.
researchers generate hypotheses and new insights about the mechanisms and pathophysiology of cardiac arrest identifying novel pathways for rapid delivery of innovative treatments and treatment models. Finally, professional, training, and advocacy organizations can provide opportunities to educate and train various actors across the system, promoting valuable interdisciplinary dialogue, better informed policies, and a culture of action through increased accountability. Improved patient outcomes are more likely when these actors collaborate and coordinate their activities to strengthen the field and kindle progress.
The foundation comprises six steps, each representing fundamental key actions, including (1) comprehensive surveillance and reporting, (2) community engagement, (3) new treatments and treatment paradigms, (4) training and education, (5) local translation of research into practice, and (6) continuous quality improvement. Leadership, along with transparency and accountability, serve as the cornerstones that establish the position and direction of the entire structure.
The urgent nature of cardiac arrest and the risks of mortality and disability without immediate response imply a societal obligation of bystanders to be prepared and willing to deliver basic life support before the arrival of professional emergency responders. Communities can foster a culture of action by promoting awareness of cardiac arrest symptoms, early activation of emergency medical systems, easy access to CPR and AED training, and active engagement in response to cardiac arrest. Communities can also cultivate community engagement through public advocacy, local awareness events and campaigns, and leadership opportunities that create a platform for dialogue within the community.
for cardiac arrest do not fully account for the complex pathophysiology of cardiac arrests. For example, although an effective treatment for some cardiac arrest rhythms (e.g., pulseless ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation), defibrillation is not effective for all cardiac arrest rhythms (e.g., those with pulseless electrical activity and asystole) nor does it address the effects of global ischemia. Treatment strategies for cardiac arrest need to evolve further based on new information generated from basic and clinical research.
Successful resuscitation following cardiac arrest requires a series of synchronized, exacting responses, often involving complex transitions between different actors, including bystanders, trained first responders, EMS personnel, and health care providers. Given the need for reliable competency and consistent care quality to improve health outcomes across sites of care, all actors must be educated about the burden of cardiac arrest and trained (and retrained) to provide rapid and effective treatment for cardiac arrest.
Efficient translation of resuscitation science and research into care delivery practices is essential to optimize patient outcomes from cardiac arrest. National guidelines should be viewed as baseline standards from which regional and local practice and care delivery protocols may evolve based on emerging evidence (e.g., continuous monitoring of local data, published literature), local challenges (e.g., disparities in outcomes, low bystander response rates), state regulation and governance structure of EMS and health care systems, and available resources (e.g., trained EMS or health care personnel, funding).
care systems) should serve as models for the field of resuscitation, which includes a broader range of individuals responding to cardiac arrest.
Cardiac arrest outcomes are affected by leadership across a wide range of settings, including federal agencies, state and local government (including health departments), EMS systems, health care organizations, and community clinics and advocates. Communities that have demonstrated higher cardiac arrest survival rates and favorable neurologic outcomes typically have strong civic and health care system leaders, who establish accountability for these outcomes to their communities through increased public awareness efforts, widespread training in CPR and AED use, and sustained investment in outcome measurement, data reporting, and self-assessment. With appropriate leadership, effective treatments and strategies can be implemented in other communities to save thousands of more lives across the country each year.
Enhanced accountability and transparency can increase operational effectiveness and efficiency by building trust among stakeholders, engaging individuals and organizations in continuous quality activities, and fostering innovation. Currently, the resuscitation field lacks appropriate transparency and accountability for cardiac arrest incidence and outcomes. As more comprehensive data become available, new opportunities will emerge to increase public awareness, enhance training across different sectors, and modify local system treatment protocols and service delivery models related to cardiac arrest. These opportunities will require explicit responsibility to collect and disseminate data to the public in order to establish accountability for system performance through various social and policy mechanisms.
related to data harmonization, standardized metrics and measures, common data infrastructures, and varying degrees of oversight across databases contribute to a lack of interoperability and hinder evidence-based decision making related to research support and intervention adoption and evaluation. As a result, significant gaps in knowledge persist related to the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of cardiac arrest. With critical funding for some of the larger cardiac arrest registries ending (see Chapter 2),5 it becomes increasingly important to coordinate existing surveillance activities and broaden the scope of surveillance nationally. A lead organization is necessary to promote data collection, establish sustainability and continuity, and streamline data dissemination that will drive the collective public health efforts to save lives.
5Personal communication, J. Brown, NIH, May 22, 2015.
Establishing standard definitions and data elements across local, state, national, and international stakeholders would enhance data harmonization and interoperability. These enhancements would allow for more reliable and accurate data aggregation, enable benchmarking and continuous quality improvement initiatives, and reduce unnecessary confusion in an already complex field of study.
Although evidence indicates that bystander CPR and AED use can significantly improve survival and outcomes from cardiac arrest, rates of bystander training in CPR and AED use remain less than 3 percent annually in the United States (Anderson et al., 2014). The public's current inability to recognize cardiac arrest, initiate CPR, and apply AEDs presents a call for action. An informed, coordinated, and effective campaign to promote public education and training opportunities and reduce barriers to the provision of bystander CPR and defibrillation would provide immense value to the overall health of the nation.
promising strategies that could be more widely adopted in order to reduce the public health burden of cardiac arrest. Standardized training and performance evaluation measures for care processes and protocols would promote a more rapid and uniform adoption and assessment of cardiac-arrest quality of care on a national scale.
Resuscitation science should be a major force in advancing patient outcomes. New research findings and emerging discoveries related to pharmaceuticals, devices, and biosensors provide compelling promise for boosting survival and positive outcomes and for reshaping approaches to the cardiac arrest treatments and care delivery models. However, federal agency support for resuscitation research is less than diseases and conditions with similar incidence. Large knowledge gaps about the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and even the effectiveness of current therapies for cardiac arrest persist. Future research must include a focus on basic, clinical, and translational science that leads to newer therapies. These, in turn, require clinical studies to develop sound evidence for, and the wide adoption of, best practices and interventions, as well as the evaluation of existing and new therapy effectiveness.
The National Institutes of Health should lead a collaborative effort with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to prioritize health services research related to the identification, evaluation, and adoption of best practices; the use of innovative technologies (e.g., mobile and social media strategies to increase bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation or automated external defibrillator use); and the development of new implementation strategies for cardiac arrest treatments.
Numerous organizations and institutions have supported valuable activities to advance the science and implementation of resuscitation. These efforts have led to critical progress within the field over the years. These efforts, however, have not established a united advocacy presence to heighten the visibility of cardiac arrest as a treatable public health threat that warrants the attention and support of policy makers and the public. To develop shared strategies, identify and support new leaders and advocates, and maximize the impact of limited resources within a field, formal and sustained collaboration is essential.
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Leipziger Messe has offered artists a temporary exhibition platform since 2011, and thus is able to connect art, architecture and the trade fair business at a high aesthetic standard. At the same time, the company establishes a bridge from industry to the world of art with visiting exhibitions in the atrium of the trade fair building.
For the second time, Norbert Becke was exhibiting his works in the atrium of the Messehaus. The spectacular photographs document people and their lives from the most diverse regions of the world. Partly in black and white, partly with bright colours, the pictures catch the eye of the viewer.
The exhibition "ONLY HUMAN" could be viewed in the atrium of the Messehaus from 30 August to 16 November 2018.