text:
package net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.note.sequence;

import net.sourceforge.plantuml.ColorParam;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.LineLocation;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.StringUtils;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.Url;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.UrlBuilder;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.UrlMode;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.BlocLines;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.Command;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.CommandExecutionResult;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.CommandMultilines2;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.MultilinesStrategy;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.SingleLineCommand2;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.Trim;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.note.SingleMultiFactoryCommand;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.regex.IRegex;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.regex.RegexConcat;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.regex.RegexLeaf;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.command.regex.RegexResult;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.cucadiagram.Display;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.cucadiagram.Stereotype;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.graphic.color.ColorParser;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.graphic.color.ColorType;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.graphic.color.Colors;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.sequencediagram.Note;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.sequencediagram.NoteStyle;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.sequencediagram.Participant;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.sequencediagram.SequenceDiagram;
import net.sourceforge.plantuml.ugraphic.color.NoSuchColorException;

public final class FactorySequenceNoteOverSeveralCommand implements SingleMultiFactoryCommand<SequenceDiagram> {

	private IRegex getRegexConcatMultiLine() {
		return RegexConcat.build(FactorySequenceNoteOverSeveralCommand.class.getName() + "multi", RegexLeaf.start(), //
				new RegexLeaf("PARALLEL", "(&[%s]*)?"), //
				new RegexLeaf("VMERGE", "(/)?"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("STYLE", "(note|hnote|rnote)"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("STEREO", "(\\<{2}.*\\>{2})?"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("over"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceOneOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("P1", "([%pLN_.@]+|[%g][^%g]+[%g])"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf(","), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("P2", "([%pLN_.@]+|[%g][^%g]+[%g])"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				color().getRegex(), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("URL", "(" + UrlBuilder.getRegexp() + ")?"), RegexLeaf.end() //
		);
	}

	private IRegex getRegexConcatSingleLine() {
		return RegexConcat.build(FactorySequenceNoteOverSeveralCommand.class.getName() + "single", RegexLeaf.start(), //
				new RegexLeaf("PARALLEL", "(&[%s]*)?"), //
				new RegexLeaf("VMERGE", "(/)?"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("STYLE", "(note|hnote|rnote)"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("STEREO", "(\\<{2}.*\\>{2})?"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("over"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceOneOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("P1", "([%pLN_.@]+|[%g][^%g]+[%g])"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf(","), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("P2", "([%pLN_.@]+|[%g][^%g]+[%g])"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				color().getRegex(), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("URL", "(" + UrlBuilder.getRegexp() + ")?"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf(":"), //
				RegexLeaf.spaceZeroOrMore(), //
				new RegexLeaf("NOTE", "(.*)"), RegexLeaf.end());
	}

	private static ColorParser color() {
		return ColorParser.simpleColor(ColorType.BACK);
	}

	public Command<SequenceDiagram> createSingleLine() {
		return new SingleLineCommand2<SequenceDiagram>(getRegexConcatSingleLine()) {

			@Override
			protected CommandExecutionResult executeArg(final SequenceDiagram system, LineLocation location,
					RegexResult arg) throws NoSuchColorException {
				final BlocLines strings = BlocLines.getWithNewlines(arg.get("NOTE", 0));

				return executeInternal(system, arg, strings);
			}

		};
	}

	public Command<SequenceDiagram> createMultiLine(boolean withBracket) {
		return new CommandMultilines2<SequenceDiagram>(getRegexConcatMultiLine(),
				MultilinesStrategy.KEEP_STARTING_QUOTE, Trim.BOTH) {

			@Override
			public String getPatternEnd() {
				return "^end[%s]?(note|hnote|rnote)$";
			}

			protected CommandExecutionResult executeNow(final SequenceDiagram system, BlocLines lines)
					throws NoSuchColorException {
				final RegexResult line0 = getStartingPattern().matcher(lines.getFirst().getTrimmed().getString());
				lines = lines.subExtract(1, 1);
				lines = lines.removeEmptyColumns();
				return executeInternal(system, line0, lines);
			}

		};
	}

	private CommandExecutionResult executeInternal(SequenceDiagram diagram, final RegexResult line0, BlocLines lines)
			throws NoSuchColorException {
		final Participant p1 = diagram
				.getOrCreateParticipant(StringUtils.eventuallyRemoveStartingAndEndingDoubleQuote(line0.get("P1", 0)));
		final Participant p2 = diagram
				.getOrCreateParticipant(StringUtils.eventuallyRemoveStartingAndEndingDoubleQuote(line0.get("P2", 0)));

		if (lines.size() > 0) {
			final boolean tryMerge = line0.get("VMERGE", 0) != null;
			final boolean parallel = line0.get("PARALLEL", 0) != null;
			final Display display = diagram.manageVariable(lines.toDisplay());
			final Note note = new Note(p1, p2, display, diagram.getSkinParam().getCurrentStyleBuilder());
			Colors colors = color().getColor(line0, diagram.getSkinParam().getIHtmlColorSet());
			final String stereotypeString = line0.get("STEREO", 0);
			if (stereotypeString != null) {
				final Stereotype stereotype = Stereotype.build(stereotypeString);
				colors = colors.applyStereotypeForNote(stereotype, diagram.getSkinParam(), ColorParam.noteBackground,
						ColorParam.noteBorder);
				note.setStereotype(stereotype);
			}
			note.setColors(colors);
			// note.setSpecificColorTOBEREMOVED(ColorType.BACK,
			// diagram.getSkinParam().getIHtmlColorSet().getColorIfValid(line0.get("COLOR",
			// 0)));
			note.setNoteStyle(NoteStyle.getNoteStyle(line0.get("STYLE", 0)));
			if (line0.get("URL", 0) != null) {
				final UrlBuilder urlBuilder = new UrlBuilder(diagram.getSkinParam().getValue("topurl"), UrlMode.STRICT);
				final Url urlLink = urlBuilder.getUrl(line0.get("URL", 0));
				note.setUrl(urlLink);
			}
			if (parallel) {
				note.goParallel();
			}
			diagram.addNote(note, tryMerge);
		}
		return CommandExecutionResult.ok();
	}

}


text:
The Inauguration
The Biden Agendachevron-down
Immigration policies
Social and criminal justice
Biden Cabinet
Facts on election integrity
GovBeat
The 50 states, redrawn with equal population
Reid Wilson
BioBioFollowFollow
November 25, 2013 at 5:31 p.m. UTC
The 576,412 people who reside in Wyoming represent 0.18 percent of the total U.S. population. But Wyoming's three electoral votes represent 0.68 percent of the total number of votes available to a presidential candidate, and the state's two senators are, of course, 2 percent of the voting members of the U.S. Senate. Blame the electoral college and the Constitution, which sets the number of senators, for Wyoming's (relatively) outsized influence.
But what if we redrew the map to give every state an equal voice — by giving them an equal population? Mapmaker Neil Freeman has done just that, by drawing 50 states with just about 6,175,000 people each.
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Our colleague Dylan Matthews wrote about Freeman's map back in August, but we thought it was worth a repost. Freeman's map gives us some pretty condensed states — New York, Newark, Washington, Los Angeles and Houston get their own boundaries. Others, like Salt Lake and Shiprock, which stretches from California east to Oklahoma, are pretty huge.
But every state would get the same number of electoral votes, and every Congressional district would have about the same number of people (Freeman has another proposal: Expand the House to 450 members, which would give every state nine representatives, or 500 members, which would give everyone 10 reps).
Just as the decennial redistricting process inevitably pits incumbent congressmen against each other, redrawing state lines would inevitably throw several senators into competitive races. All six senators from Colorado, North Dakota and South Dakota would end up in Ogallala, a state that stretches from Colorado Springs to the Canadian border. Ranier would include senators from Washington and Alaska, while Oregon's two senators, both Portland residents, would have to face off with Hawaii's two senators for the right to represent Shasta.
You can bet the new Congress would have many more New York accents. The states of New York, Pocono, Adirondack and Throgs Neck would all need new senators.
Like the map? Freeman is selling copies — and Christmas is right around the corner.
GALLERY: The 10 biggest news stories of 2013

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Abortion is Legal in South Africa under the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (CTOPA) that was enacted in 1996. However, the National Department of Health has not made any visible efforts in ensuring access to folk who want to have abortion. Women die every year in South Africa as a result of unsafe abortions. There is no information given and offered on any government endorsed public platform. The SRJC has put together useful information and basics to help share South African relevant information on abortion.
Download the PDF file here:
Abortion in S.A
Abortion in South Africa, the Law
The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 1996
http://www.gov.za/sites/www.gov.za/files/Act92of1996.pdf
Our law was further amended to enable trained nurses, alongside midwives to be abortion providers and also to address illegal providers and prosecute them.
The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Amendment Act 2008
http://www.parliament.gov.za/live/commonrepository/Processed/20140414/67169_1.pdf
With many women struggling to access termination services the legal team of SRJC is often requested to send legal letters to attempt to enable access to abortion services for women in these circumstances. The letters are usually sent to facility managers, provincial managers and MECs.
The referral form that we utilize when cases are being referred to us to ensure that we have all information as soon as possible. We are therefore kindly asking for you to fill in as soon as you receive a complaint of access to enable us to take action. It is critical to ensure that as soon as a person is turned away at a facility you alert us so we can start working together and create a paper trail of women challenges to access termination services.


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Okay my friends, it's finally here – Hallstatt, Austria, the land of magic, fairytales, and salt! Its name actually means salt settlement, which is what this town has been pumping out for the past thousands of years. Tall snow-capped moutains, pristine Hallstatter See, and quaint Austrian houses complete the overall charm of Hallstatt. In case you missed our first look into Austria, you can check out our Innsbruck post and then come back over to see our favorite small town in this special country. We only got one night here, but it was a magical night indeed. With better planning we would have been able to utilize our time a little better, but sometimes traveling just happens that way huh? We recommend at least a full day here, two if you want to explore some of the activities around the area. Whether you want to explore or relax, Hallstatt is the perfect place to unwind while taking in the views and the alpine air!
Hallstatt is not the most convenient village to get to without a car, but it's definitely not impossible. If you are coming by train, the train ride in is absolutely breathtaking and worth the visit on its own. In order to get to the actual town of Hallstatt from the train station of "Hallstatt", you will have to either jump on a ferry to cross the Hallstatter See or continue on to the next train station of "Obertraun" and hop onto the bus towards Hallstatt. The ferry is pretty convenient if you're coming straight from the train and should only cost you about $2.50 per person one way. No matter how you get here, it is worth the detour!
We actually stayed in the town of Obertraun, which is technically located across the lake from Hallstatt but it was the cheapest that we found last minute when we booked it. At the Apartment House Seerose we got a killer view of the lake and really cute hosts who helped us figure out the bus route. Obertraun is a pretty cute little "town" all on its own so if you happen to find yourself here it is a nice walk around to see some real life Austria happening. The town of Hallstatt is very walkable and the streets are small so if you do stay on this side, make sure to book something with adequate parking so you can ditch the car while you explore the town by foot.
One of our favorite places to book hotels is from Booking.com and we have $20 to give you on your next trip! Use our link to get yourselves a discount anywhere around the world!
Hallstatt is a complete year round destination – rain, snow, or shine! Visiting in winter will get you access to the ski resort and Christmas time ambience but it will be COLD. Summer will be very busy and since its such a small town it might lose some of its magic with a lot of people crammed in its tiny streets. Visiting in the shoulder seasons is your best bet to miss the crowds and still have alright weather, April to May and September to October. Although it drizzled on us a bit during our day in Hallstatt, we felt like we visited in the perfect time since we basically got the place to ourselves.
Even though Hallstatt is a small place, there is a lot to find hidden within its streets and the outlying mountains. The best way to do that is to just get lost and find your own little gems around the city. Here were some of ours!
This was the smallest market square that we visited on all our trips to Europe, but it still has so much character and charm! There's a couple small restaurants and shops around the square but not too much else going on.
Can you imagine how beautiful this is at Christmas?!
This is probably the most iconic building of Hallstatt, the one you've seen in all the pictures of the town, EVER. It will be hard to miss since it is located in the center of town and pretty much visible from every vantage point. The Evangelical Church has had an interesting history that you can learn about on some bulletins around the church walls and also regularly holds cultural concert events.
A few steps above the Main Street of Hallstatt you will find the catholic church of St. Michael's, it's cemetery, and the Charnel House, a particularly intriguing attraction. We walked through the cemetery and spent the $3 entrance fee to get into the "Bone House", a collection of 600 painted skulls. This was done to commemorate deceased family members when they ran out of grave space and had to transfer the remains. The skulls have the family members names painted on with their death dates which makes its a really interesting site to check out some of the history of Hallstatt!
Up behind the Charnel House we found a staircase that led up to a trail that leads all the way to the Skywalk. We only took it part of the way up but we found a really beautiful waterfall and some breathtaking views, even in the rain!
We can't rave enough about the views of Hallstatt! From literally every angle this town is stunning and you probably won't be able to stop taking pictures of E V E R Y T H I N G, it's just too perfect.
◊ Skywalk – This is probably the most amazing view of Hallstatt and the outlying area but we just didn't have the time to make it up. It's located almost 1,200 ft. up the Salzburg, or Salt Mountain, and gives you a full 360 panorama out on a viewing platform. You can reach the Skywalk by walking up the mountain or by taking the cable car up.
◊ Salt Mine – The Salt Mine in Hallstatt is the oldest salt mine in the world, dating back to 800-400 B.C. You can also take tours of the mine from mid April to November where you can learn the history of the mine and how it used to operate.
◊ Ice Caves – In between Obertraun and Hallstatt is where you will find the Dachstein Ice Caves. You can take a 50 minute guided tour into the underground world of frozen stalactites and passageways of ice sculptures. Every August, they even hold a concert in one of the ice rooms! This would be a great activity if you have kids, but again is only open from mid April to November – and make sure to wear warm clothes no matter what the weather!
Visiting in the shoulder and off seasons are great for a number of reasons, but one not so helpful one is that many businesses close early or completely down when it's not busy. In Hallstatt we found this to be a problem since the amount of options were already limited and there was a lot of stuff closed for the season. There was also some businesses – like the grocery store! – that closed between the hours of 12-3 pm so make sure you plan accordingly! Plus, food is a lot pricier here than a lot of the other towns we have been to so make sure to plan $5-10 more for meals than what you would normally spend.
◊ Gasthaus Zur Mühle – We found this Italian restaurant on our first night when we arrived in town during the early evening. It was literally the only place we found that was open and had reasonable prices. Meals are a bit more of a laid back, social event in Europe so make sure you reserve a bit more time for food, especially dinner!
◊ Cafe Derbl – Breakfast was also hard to come by in Hallstatt, so don't plan on a traditional American breakfast of eggs and toast – unless you find a hotel that has breakfast included! Our hotel did have a breakfast but it was an extra $15 per person and we thought we could find something cheaper in town. However, in hindsight we probably would have been better off just eating at our hotel because we were really dying for a big hearty breakfast. This cafe was great for a cup of coffee but lacked what we really wanted for food. Much like what we experienced in Innsbruck, Austrians really do love their strudels and sweet pastries for breakfast so that is what we ordered. Given our limited options though, this one was adequate, had good service, and was located conveniently in the Market Square!
◊ Braugasthof Lobisser – If you need a place to drink, this place is a cozy restaurant and beer house. They have a very fresh menu but it can get very busy and they occasionally run out of food, but the view is a great one out onto the water! They also have a hotel upstairs with very reasonable rates with enough of an advanced booking and a beautiful outdoor patio in nice weather!
This is just the tiniest glimpse into Hallstatt, but hopefully it gets your motors going to head on over to this beautiful place! Let us know your favorites in the comments below!


text:
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Intelligent Energy Solutions
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Charity & Sponsorships
Investors & Shareholders
Inspired Energy plc's Board of Directors are responsible for overseeing the Group's strategies for growth and monitoring the performance of these. The Board specifically focus on business development, growing shareholder value, corporate governance and strategy. It comprises of two Executive Directors, responsible for the leadership of The Board, and four Non-Executive Directors, all of whom bring a broad and varied range of commercial experience.
Mark Dickinson
Country of Residence:UK
Mark Dickinson joins the Board as Chief Executive Officer. Mark is an energy consultancy specialist with over 20 years' experience of developing and advising companies in the sector. Mark was CEO of M&C Energy Group where he led the buy and build strategy completing four acquisitions before selling the company to Schneider Electric in 2012.
He brings significant industry knowledge coupled with experience in executing acquisitions and has a Masters in Finance from the London Business School where he was voted Accomplished Entrepreneur of the Year in 2012.
Paul Connor
Paul was appointed to the Board as Finance Director in December 2014, having joined the Company as Head of Finance in September 2013. Since joining the Board, Paul has facilitated and delivered the acquisitions of eight businesses. Paul qualified as a chartered accountant in 2009.
Mike is a co-founder and managing partner of Praetura, a business specialising in venture investment and corporate advisory. Mike sits on the board of a number of Praetura's investments including EC3 Brokers, Praetura Asset Finance, Artorius Wealth, Starcount, Sorted and Peak AI. Mike also recently joined the board as a non executive director of SysGroup plc.
Mike was previously a managing director of investment bank GCA Altium. He has 20 years' experience in mergers and acquisitions and corporate finance, advising public companies, private equity houses and entrepreneurs. He is a Chartered Accountant, having completed his training with PwC in 1999 and is both FCA and SRA approved.
Richard Logan
Richard Logan is a chartered accountant with 30 years' experience of working in industry. He is the finance director of cloud computing company iomart Group plc (AIM: IOM), a position he has held since 2006.
Prior to that, having qualified with Ernst & Young in 1984, he has held senior roles with Ben Line Group, a shipping and oil company, and Kingston SCL Limited, a provider of mobile phone billing software where he was involved in a private equity backed management buyout and subsequent trade sale.
Richard holds a BA in accountancy from Stirling University and in 2013 was Smaller Quoted FD of the Year at the FD's Excellence Awards.
Gordon Oliver
Gordon Oliver is the Group Finance Director of James Halstead plc, (AIM: JHD) a major international group of companies that manufacture commercial and contract flooring, a position he has held since 1999.
Gordon qualified with KPMG in 1982, following which he held positions at BPB Industries plc and Johnson & Firth Brown plc before joining the James Halstead Group in 1987 as Group Financial Controller.
Gordon is chair of the nominations committee and a member of the audit committee, chaired by Richard Logan.
The Board has established an audit committee compromising of Michael Fletcher, Richard Logan and Mark Dickinson, with Richard Logan as chairman.
The Board has established a nominations committee compromising of Mark Dickinson, Michael Fletcher and Richard Logan, with Richard Logan as chairman.
In addition, the Board has established a remuneration committee that comprises of Michael Fletcher, Mark Dickinson, Richard Logan with Michael Fletcher as chairman.
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© 2020 Inspired Energy PLC.


Don Walker is a musician and songwriter famous for writing many of the hits for Cold Chisel for whom he played keyboards. Since they disbanded he has continued to record and tour, both as a solo artist and with the band Tex, Don and Charlie. In 2009, he wrote a memoir called Shots about his time on the road touring Australia.
For the past 40 years, Warwick Gilbert has had a dual career as a musician and graphic artist in the bands Radio Birdman, The Hitmen, The Raouls and Nitebeat, while also working as an animator/director for Walt Disney, Hanna-Barbera and Burbank Films.
'In 1980 I had the pleasure of touring with Cold Chisel in my band The Hitmen,' says Gilbert. 'It was a memorable time and one that left an indelible impression of Don Walker.


The Trail Conference, with its mission to "connect people to nature," is an important community resource in this effort. The Trail Conference gives back to our communities far more than it requires to operate. By training hundreds of volunteers to maintain our trails, it sustains access to our public lands and allows people of all ages and abilities to enjoy the exercise, beauty, and tranquility of the natural world.
Sue, along with campaign volunteer Alice Luddington-Cantor of Mahwah, tabling to raise awareness for the campaign and the Trail Conference at Ramsey Farmers Market.
The renovated Darlington Schoolhouse will serve as a training site, hikers' information and gathering spot, and a community meeting place, as well as provide Trail Conference offices. The work that will go on there will enable residents in our densely populated area to get outdoors, hike, and appreciate the nature that surrounds us.
This entry was posted in Darlington Schoolhouse, DSH Archive, Giving, Volunteering and tagged Bergen County, Connect With Nature, Darlington Schoolhouse, Giving, Historic Preservation, Mahwah, New Jersey, Volunteer Spotlight, Volunteers. Bookmark the permalink.


The window ledge had inch-thick dust that went up in clouds if you moved. Gracie cautiously climbed onto the ledge and peered through curiously though quickly withdrew her head from the overwhelming smell. She took great gulps of the fresh sea air and poked through again but this time she was ready. She pinched her nose and breathed through her mouth. She could see a rickety old stove that smelled of fish and dried seaweed. There was a fire burning merrily with a black cloak pegged up in front of it to dry and pretty shells and barnacles hanging off the walls. There was a woven willow basket with all kinds of berries Gracie had never seen before and some, which she had been warned against since the cradle.
There was a large, unpleasant pile of fish skeletons and cuttlefish bones outside the door that Gracie wasn't even going to look at because of the stench and an ancient-looking donkey in a small barn that was probably once owned by one of the families living on the island. The garden was extremely pretty actually. It had a lovely pebble path leading up to the house with cornflowers, bluebells, seedum, irises and all kinds of different plants that danced in the wind. It seemed that the Birdman was a bit of a gardener!
Gracie turned around and saw the sparkling sea laid out before her. She could see the pool where she and Daniel had been sailing their boats and all the swans at Popplestone bay! Over the horizon she could see the tip of Tresco with tiny toy people playing on the sand. It was beautiful.


text:
\section{Introduction}

With 5G mobile systems being commercially rolling out gradually, research discussions into next-generation mobile systems, i.e., 6G, have started \cite{Latva-Aho2019}. 5G will incur 10 times energy consumption of 4G due to increased density of cells and that of antennas, though energy efficiency per bit has increased. With 6G going towards higher spectrum (such as Tera-Hertz or THz) and thus resulting in even denser networks and smaller cells, energy consumption will become a big hurdle on the way to 6G success. On the infrastructure side, a huge amount of energy will be consumed for powering numerous RF chains connected to a vast number of antennas, for extraordinary wideband signal processing, for maintaining a satisfactory coverage and for tracking mobile devices with super-narrow beams. Therefore, reducing energy consumption and jointly coordinating distributed infrastructure to achieve network-wide optimal energy efficiency constitute the first challenge in future 6G.

On the other hand, the Internet of Everything (IoE), as envisioned as a major 6G application, means that a vast number of small devices will be connected to networks. These devices are typically either battery-powered or battery-less. However, conventional RF chain enabled communication as well as handshaking based access are both battery killers. In order to extend life-cycle of IoE devices, their energy harvesting capabilities from the ambient environment have to be activated. However, the communication performance of IoE devices is largely constrained by intermittent energy supplies. Therefore, designing super-low-power IoE transceivers and enabling an on-demand and cost-effective manner of energy supply to these IoE devices constitute the second challenge in future 6G.

We envision 6G mobile systems have to be energy self-sustainable, both at the infrastructure side (such as traditional base stations) and at the device side (may it be in the form of smart phones or implanted brain computer interface devices), in order to be deployed at large and to achieve commercial success. There is a consensus that visible light (VL) communications will be an integral part of 6G in addition to the traditional medium/spectrum of radio frequency (RF) due to VL's unique properties like massive bandwidth, information security, economical, no harm to humans, etc. This paper serves to bring these two currently separate research domains, i.e., RF and VL, together to provide a full-spectrum 6G mobile system. A joint design that inherently considers both RF and visible light, shall be the methodology to be taken from the onset and in particular with energy self-sustainability borne in mind.

Rather than reinventing new technologies into the already crowded family of 6G enabling technologies, this paper aims to explore how the existing members of this family such as THz, VL, intelligence reflecting surface (IRS) and AI can be explored for the energy self-sustainability. And this exploration needs to be conducted in a systematic and holistic manner at the design stage of 6G. Fortunately, each of these 6G candidate technologies provides promising potentials to empower energy self-sustainability. This paper endeavours to shed some light on potential solutions to energy supply issues in 6G with the hope to spark more discussion and research into this critical aspect of 6G mobile systems. It is this article's belief that 6G systems need to be energy self-sustainable and this feature decides 6G's wide commercial success in the future.

For this purpose, this article firstly organizes the key 6G enabling technologies into a hierarchical system architecture for future 6G mobile systems, as presented in Section II. Without losing generosity, the presentation of the architecture is more tilted towards the angle of energy supply, which is the focus of this article. Guided by this architecture, mechanisms to potentially enable energy self-sustainability are discussed from two aspects: infrastructure side and IoE device side, respectively in Section III and IV. The infrastructure side focuses on the distributed access network layer with particular focus on three new features of 6G, namely, cell-free access networks and airborne access networks (the organization of the network) as well as smart surface (the composing materials of the network). On the IoE device side, discussions are given to high-resolution signal processing based wireless information and power transfer (WIPT), multifunctional IoE devices and human-in-the-loop based transceiver adaptation.

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
  	\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{figure/Structure.eps}
  	\caption{Technical challenges and solutions towards energy self-sustainable 6G.}\label{fig:Structure}
  	\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{0pt}
  	\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
\end{figure}

The contribution of the article lies in twofold. Firstly, it proposes a 6G mobile system architecture for the first time where the traditional base stations are decomposed into two complementing layers: central units (CUs) and distributed units (DUs). CUs are analogous to today's base stations in terms of their deployment locations but with more intelligence. DUs reside at very close proximity to end devices due to the employment of much higher frequency spectrum in 6G. DUs may be formed as a small cell-free network and using IRS. Secondly, these 6G enabling technologies are reinvestigated together with other new proposals, from the angle of energy self-sustainability by giving insightful discussions towards a commercially viable future 6G mobile systems. These investigations are centred around two complementing aspects: reducing energy consumption (i.e., energy efficiency) and opening new energy supplies. The technical challenges and solutions towards energy self-sustainable 6G are summarised in Fig. \ref{fig:Structure}.

\section{Architecture of Energy self-sustainable 6G}

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
  	\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{figure/Architecture.eps}
  	\caption{Architecture of energy self-sustainable 6G network}\label{fig:Arch}
  	\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{0pt}
  	\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
\end{figure}

In order to achieve more stringent quality of service (QoS), 6G has to move up to even higher spectral bands than mmWave, such as THz and visible light band. However, 6G may still utilise sub-6 GHz and mmWave band, which are the legacy of 5G. Therefore, 6G is foreseen as a \emph{full-spectrum} mobile communication system. Different spectrum will be exploited for various objectives and applications: $1)$ \textit{Sub-6 GHz band} is used for large coverage and seamless handover; $2)$ \textit{mmWave band} is leveraged both for wireless backhaul and fronthaul to fixed targets and for satisfying high-rate requirement of mobile targets; $3)$ \textit{THz band} is used to provide ultra-high data rate and low-latency service for applications such as pervasive XR; $4)$ \textit{VL band} with extra bandwidth can be further exploited for delivering holographic tele-presence with other support of high-resolution imaging and sensing. VL cannot penetrate blockage and it is capable of creating a secure wireless communication.

In this work, we focus on the access part of full-spectrum 6G networks. Our proposed energy self-sustainable architecture for 6G networks, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:Arch}, consists of three layers: 1) Central unit (CU), e.g., AI-empowered software RAN, 2) Distributed units (DUs), e.g. self-organised attocells and 3) zero-energy IoE device.
The AI-empowered CU determines which spectrum and which DUs are used to serve a group of IoE devices.
Based on the dynamics at the IoE devices and surrounding environments, the DUs form the exact cells to serve IoE devices.
Each layer in the architecture, from different dimensions, can contribute to the energy sustainability of future 6G networks.

The target of a CU is to provide demanded services to the IoE devices in an energy-efficient manner and/or with green energy (e.g., produced by nearby solar panel), all contributing to the network energy self-sustainability. For example, if the IoE device is within the indoor area where dense visible light or THz attocells are deployed, the IoE device can be served by these attocells which have the capability to provide both fast, ultra-reliable, and energy-efficient wireless connectivity. If the IoE device is approaching a passive DU that is equipped with intelligent surfaces, the IoE device could be guided by the AI-empowered central unit to switch to the cell of the passive DU, which could provide low- or even zero-energy wireless connectivity. If an outdoor IoE device requires high-speed wireless connections for applications such as XR, while in the surroundings a fixed-location and high-rate DU is not available, the AI-power CU can schedule a high-rate mobile DU to serve the IoE device. Drones or mobile robots can host the mobile DU. The backhaul enables WIPT to mobile DUs for achieving energy self-sustainability. Due to the complexity of decision making, new AI techniques such as deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a necessity for problem solving. To avoid overwhelming the CU, some processing and decision making will be conducted at DUs under the coordination of the CU. A right balance between the CU and DU processing is a multi-objective optimization problem that may need DRL. Software defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) will continue to be evolved and then employed to dynamically deploy new QoS (Quality of Service) algorithms or controller on the fly.

For most of the 6G DUs, we envision that a massive number of distributed antennas will be densely deployed to achieve both ultra-high reliability and wide coverage. As a result, many ground-breaking techniques could be enabled and leveraged in 6G. One of them is cell-free networking that can provide ultra-reliable and energy-efficient connectivity \cite{DenseVLC2020}. Also, cells formed by the DUs must adapt to surrounding dynamics to perform energy-efficient communication. For example, the attocells must react to dynamic blockages in the surroundings.

IoE devices play essential roles in an energy self-sustainable 6G network. First, zero-energy IoE devices, which are powered by wideband WIPT, could be primarily deployed to provide massive connections and to realize IoE. For example, a large number of backscattering nodes can be connected to IRS enabled DUs to create an Internet of Trees, as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:Arch}. Second, in our proposed architecture for future energy self-sustainable 6G networks, it is essential for IoE devices to adapt to the surrounding environment. The adaptation can be performed without the involvement of human beings, such as physically adjusting the receiving antennas to a better position to achieve higher data rates with less energy. Another possibility is the involvement of human beings. With wireless communications moving to THz and VL, the human body can easily block the surrounding wireless links. Therefore, the future 6G network could quickly become more energy-efficient if it guides human beings to position their bodies to recoup the blocked wireless communication links.

\section{Distributed Units for Smart Access}

Towards energy self-sustainability, every Joule of energy in 6G should be efficiently consumed in access networks by adopting the following methods: 1) Breaking cellular boundaries for globally scheduling DUs to deliver seamless services and to achieve network-wide energy efficiency; 2) Deploying flexible airborne access network to increase energy efficiency by further considering the vertical dimension and to realise wireless charging for battery-powered or batteryless devices from the sky; 3) Actively changing adverse wireless environment to be beneficial by implementing IRSs so as to substantially increase the efficiency of WIPT.

\subsection{Cell-Free Access}

In a cell-free massive MIMO (CFM-MIMO) system, a large number of DUs are connected to a CU via wired/wireless fronthaul. Joint coordination among these DUs results in cell-free access networks, where IoE devices are simultaneously served by cooperative BSs. Therefore, handover in a cell-free access network is different, since cellular boundaries are broken. Furthermore, joint coordination of a CU may achieve a network-wide energy efficiency \cite{Jiang2018}. However, full-cooperation among DUs may result in heavy tele-traffic load on fronthaul, since it requires the exchange of network state information, the transmission of transmit beamformers and requested information.

In higher spectral bands of 6G, such as THz and VL, signal propagation suffers from significant penetration loss, if a lot of opaque obstacles are distributed in wireless environments. By further considering the increasing path-loss in high frequency bands, super-dense DUs have to be deployed for reducing distances and for ensuring line of sight (LoS) between DUs and IoE devices. However, more energy has to be consumed for powering such large-scale access network, while increased interference imposed by super-dense DUs has to be carefully managed and controlled. Furthermore, low-cost DUs can be equipped with solar panels for harvesting energy from ambient environment. They can be connected to smart grid to enable energy trade among their peers. As a result, global energy cooperation may result in an improved network-wide energy efficiency.

As the number of DUs grows exponentially in cell-free access networks of 6G, wireless fronthaul is indispensable since the expense of deploying wired fronthaul cannot be afforded. RF signal based WIPT \cite{8421584} is an economic approach to transfer both information and energy from the CU to low-cost DUs via fronthaul in order to maintain energy self-sustainability. Due to hardware limitations, we only have limited RF chains at a THz based transmitter, which is far lower than the number of antennas compacted. Therefore, the accuracy of transmit beams cannot be guaranteed. Energy efficient hybrid transceiver consisting of both digital and analog beamformers is compromised for trying to achieve closest performance to the ideal full-digital solution \cite{8733134}. Moreover, in both THz and VL based cell-free access network, the assignment of DUs and that of antennas to IoE devices can be formulated as a network-wide energy efficiency maximisation problem, while satisfying various QoS requirements of devices, suppressing interference imposed by large-scale DUs and their associated antennas.

Handover of mobile devices in cell-free access networks with densely deployed DUs faces novel challenges. Since the number of mobile devices is much lower than that of DUs, user-centric networking is the primary principle in a cell-free access network. Different from conventional handover, where mobile devices traverse across cells, a virtual cell dynamically formed by cooperative DUs tracks the movement of a mobile device, which constitutes a mobile cell serving a specific mobile device. Therefore, the formation of a dynamic virtual cell needs to be completed in real-time in order to provide seamless service experience, which calls for low-complexity heuristic algorithms with near-optimal performance. By exploiting up-to-date location information of mobile devices, we may significantly reduce the complexity of algorithms and increase the energy efficiency for virtual cell formation as well as for DUs/antennas assignment.

Moreover, in a cell-free access network, synchronising densely deployed DUs is also essential. By exploiting the deterministic reflection of THz waves and VL, we may achieve over-the-air synchronisation among all the DUs.

\subsection{Airborne Access}

\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figure/A_RAN.eps}
	\caption{Hierarchical aerial access network}
	\label{fig:ARAN}
\end{figure}

Different sorts of aircraft constitute hierarchical airborne access networks (AANs) by carrying RF/VL transceivers on board, as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:ARAN}. Generally, based on their flying height, aircraft in AANs are classified into high-altitude platforms (HAPs) (e.g., high-altitude balloons and aircrafts) and low-altitude platforms (LAPs) (e.g., drones). AANs have to be energy self-sustainable, since we cannot provide stable power supply from the ground. Joint coordination among heterogeneous aircraft is capable of extending coverage of air-to-ground communication and of realising flexible network deployment as well as of providing efficient WIPT services.

LAPs are mainly constituted by energy-constraint devices powered by embedded batteries, as portrayed in Fig.~\ref{fig:ARAN}. Therefore, 3D trajectories and flight control should be carefully designed in order to reduce energy consumption of aircraft, while achieving efficient-efficient downlink wireless power transfer (WPT) services, downlink/uplink wireless information transfer (WIT) services and computation offloading services to battery-powered or batteryless ground devices \cite{8805125}. Moreover, the energy consumption of ground devices can be substantially reduced, since flying LAPs reduce signal propagation distances to them. In addition, laser charging is an efficient way to power LAPs so as to extend their flight time, since it may focus a high amount of energy in a narrow beam. Laser beams are normally formed by ground stations or aircraft in HAPs.

HAPs can be aloft in the air for a relatively long time, as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:ARAN}. A key advantage of HAPs is their self-adjustable positions in order to maintain efficient WIPT towards LAPs. Moreover, HAPs can harvest stable solar energy for powering their engines and transceivers, since they are floating in the stratosphere \cite{9013552}.

Careful coordination among aircraft in different layers may result in a network-wide optimal energy efficiency and it may provide significant performance gain in the vertical dimension of energy self-sustainable 6G.

\subsection{Holographic Environment}

Radiated RF/VL signals are weakened as they propagate in wireless channels, which may substantially degrade both WIPT performance. They may be absorbed, reflected and scattered by obstacles distributed in wireless environment. Signals from different propagation paths may be destructively combined, which results in substantial fading. Wireless channels become even worse in THz and VL band, since signals can be easily absorbed by large molecules and they can only be reflected \cite{Sheikh2020}. Therefore, in order to overcome more serious channel attenuation in THz and VL band, line-of-sight transmission path has to be guaranteed between a transmitter and receiver pair, while more energy has to be consumed for achieving satisfactory WIPT performance.

In all classic communication systems, only transmission or receiving strategies at transceivers can be designed for efficient WIPT, such as beamforming, adaptive modulation and coding design at transmitters as well as signal combining and iterative decoding design at receivers, which all aim for counteracting signal attenuation and fading in wireless channels. This is because characteristics of wireless channels cannot be changed as exemplified in Fig. \ref{fig:Surfaces}.

As electronic materials rapidly progress, IRSs can be exploited for actively changing characteristics of wireless channels. For example, based on signals' frequencies, phases and amplitudes, IRss can be intelligently adjusted, so that signals reflected by them can be constructively combined at receivers, as illustrated in Fig. \ref{fig:Surfaces}. As a result, we may artificially create a line-of-sight (LoS) transmission path in THz and VL band, when no actual LoS path exists between a transmitter and receiver pair. Therefore, received signal strength can be substantially increased without extra energy consumption, which results in more energy efficient WIPT.

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
  	\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figure/Surfaces.eps}
  	\caption{Basic back-end structure of IRSs and signal propagation with/without smart wireless environment.}\label{fig:Surfaces}
  	\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{0pt}
  	\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
\end{figure}

IRSs are not equipped with any active RF chains, while they are not connected to any stable energy sources. As shown in Fig. \ref{fig:Surfaces}, a 2-dimensional IRS consists of a range of passive reflectors. Signals received by a reflector are then transferred to a programmable impedance matching network (IMN). By adjusting electronic components in this IMN, we may arbitrarily adjust its reflection coefficient. Therefore, A portion of received signals penetrate and their energy is harvested and stored in super-capacitors, as illustrated in Fig. \ref{fig:Surfaces}. The other portion are reflected via a programmable analog phase-shifter. Carefully designed phase-shifters may result in a constructive combination of reflected signals at the receiver. Note that programmable analog phase shifters and IMN have to be powered by energy harvested. Therefore, it is essential to design reflection coefficients for all reflectors. Higher reflection coefficients generate more strong reflected signals but limited energy can be harvested by the surface. Given insufficient energy harvested, we are only able to adjust several phase-shifters not all. Therefore, we have to jointly select which phase-shifters to be activated and how they change the phases of reflected signals in order to maximise the signal strength at the receiver. By contrast, lower reflection coefficients result in more energy harvested by the surface. Therefore, more phase-shifters can be activated, which results in well-tuned reflected signals. However, the strengths of the reflected signals are weak, which may degrade WIPT performance.

In a nutshell, given an IRS, we need to jointly design reflection coefficients of all the reflectors, activation of phase-shifters and how they tune reflected signals. Furthermore, transmit beamforming at transmitters, intelligent reflecting at IRSs and receive combining at receivers can be jointly designed to create a holographic wireless environment in energy self-sustainable 6G \cite{Holographic}.

\section{Zero-Energy IoE Devices}

In energy self-sustainable 6G, battery-powered or batteryless IoE devices requires controllable and on-demand WPT for maintaining seamless service experience, while their energy consumption has to be kept as low as possible. Moreover, these IoE devices should also intelligently adapt their transceivers to environments for achieving more efficient information reception and energy harvesting.

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
  	\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{figure/Zero-Energy.eps}
  	\caption{Wideband signal propagation and functional modules of zero-energy devices}\label{fig:Zero-Energy}
  	\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{0pt}
  	\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
\end{figure}

\subsection{High-resolution Signal Processing based WIPT}

RF signals can be exploited for flexible, controllable and on-demand WPT in any time and anywhere. On infrastructure side, we do not need any additional hardware implementation. Unmodulated and modulated RF signals can be relied upon for WIPT. We have to fully exploit characteristics of wideband signals for WIPT in energy self-sustainable 6G.

There are full of scatters and reflectors in the propagation of RF/VL signals, which results in multi-path transmissions from a transmitter to a receiver. The number of identified paths at the receiver is determined by the following factors:
\begin{itemize}
	\item Signal power $P_t$: a higher signal power results in a higher signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and clearer channel impulsive responses at the receiver.
	\item Signal bandwidth $W$: If the signal propagation delay between two transmission paths is higher than the coherence time $1/W$, this pair of paths cannot be identified. Otherwise, the receiver is capable of identifying these two transmission paths.
	\item Geographic positions of scatters and reflectors: Given a pair of transmission paths, if their distance have a difference of $c/W$, where $c$ is the speed of light, they can be identified at the receiver, otherwise they cannot.
\end{itemize}
Therefore, if we have an extremely high bandwidth $W$, more scatters and reflectors may generate more identified transmission paths \cite{Xu2018}. We do not rely upon coarse-grained signal processing on the basis of antenna-to-antenna. Instead, wide-bandwidth transmission in 6G creates a chance of high-resolution signal processing on the basis of identified transmission paths, which provides substantial spatial multiplexing and diversity gains for WIPT, as illustrated in Fig. \ref{fig:Zero-Energy}. By fully exploiting this additional degree of freedom in signal design and the resultant performance gain, we may also substantially reduce energy consumption of transmitters.

\subsection{Multifunctional Transceiver}

IoE devices should have ability of gleaning energy from downlink RF/VL signals, while their energy consumption has to be suppressed. Therefore, as portrayed in Fig. \ref{fig:Zero-Energy}, the following functional modules have to be implemented at IoE devices: 1) an IMN, which is a circuit to guarantee the alternative current (AC) energy carried by the received RF signals can be delivered to the back-end by matching the impedance of antennas and that of back-end's circuits; 2) an energy harvester, which is a circuit for rectifying AC energy carried by RF/VL signals to direct current (DC) in order to drive electronic loads or to charge energy storage units. Key electronic elements in rectifiers are diodes; 3) an energy storage unit can be either a battery or a super capacitor. Batteries have long-term energy storage capabilities, but its charging efficiency is low. Super-capacitors can only store energy for a short-term but its charging efficiency is very high.

Corresponding to different QoS, we have the following pair of designs for batteryless IoE devices:
\begin{itemize}
	\item High-rate wireless powered communication: IoE devices adopt a harvest-store-then-transmit protocol. In order to increase energy harvesting efficiency, we should guarantee a perfect impedance matching. Only when they have sufficient energy in their storage units, their active information transmissions commence via RF/VL chains. Therefore, IoE devices can obtain high-rate information transmissions \cite{7982605}. However, powering RF/VL chains is an energy-consuming task.
	\item Low-rate backscatter communication: IoE devices deliberately mismatch the impedance of the receiving antennas and the back-end circuits. Therefore, RF/VL signals received by antennas cannot penetrate to the back-end but backscattered instead. IoE devices can flexibly modulate their own information on backscattered signals in frequency and time domains. Therefore, IoE devices do not need any RF/VL chains for information transmission, which may substantially reduce energy consumption \cite{10.1145/3300061.3345451}. Furthermore, we can fully exploit the abundant full-spectrum of 6G by intelligently changing the frequencies of backscattered signals in order to avoid congested bands. However, IoE devices also need to harvest energy for powering their signal processing modules. Therefore, backscattering coefficients need to be carefully designed for allowing some of the received RF/VL signals flowing into the back-end for energy harvesting. The IMN of IoE devices should also be programmable.
\end{itemize}
Furthermore, we may integrate the above-mentioned designs into a single IoE, as exemplified in Fig. \ref{fig:Zero-Energy}. Therefore, low-rate control signalling or sporadic information transmissions can be completed by passive backscatter communication, while high-rate data transmissions can be completed by active wireless powered communication.

\subsection{Human-in-the-loop}

Signal propagation in these bands heavily relies on LoS between transmitters and receivers. If no LoS link exists, WIPT performance would severely degrade. In both indoor and outdoor scenarios, many objects in surrounding wireless environments may block LoS links, such as walls, cabinets, moving objects and etc. Moreover, human bodies are mostly neglected as critical blockages in the design of a communication system operating in high frequency bands, especially when hand-held communication devices are taken into account.

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{figure/adaptationtoenvironment.eps}
	\caption{Human-in-the-loop adaptation to the surrounding environment (BX: blockage)}
	\label{fig:adaptationtoenvironment}
\end{figure}

In order to improve WIPT performance, it is crucial for IoE devices to possess abilities of intelligently adapting their transceivers to dynamic wireless environments. This adaptation can be achieved without/with intervention from human users. For instance, reconfigurable antennas of IoE devices can be automatically adjusted to better positions in order to gain a higher information rate and to harvest more energy. Interactions between devices and human users may also result in environmental adaptation. These interactions are known as ``human-in-the-loop''. As illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:adaptationtoenvironment}, human users may rotate their bodies to enable LoS links. In a case study of VL based communication network, observe from the right part of Fig.~\ref{fig:adaptationtoenvironment} that allowing a rotation angle of $76^{\circ}$ achieve a system throughput gain of $81\%$~\cite{NutVLC}. The involvement of human users in transceiver adaptation becomes normal in our daily life. Human users holding devices always try to rotate their bodies to gain high information rates. This is more efficient in VL band of future 6G, since VL can be easily captured by human eyes. Human users may readily aim their devices to intensive VL.

Autonomous transceiver adaptations naturally find wireless channels having lowest channel attenuation. Therefore, energy consumed by infrastructure to radiate RF/VL signals can be significantly reduced. Based on surrounding wireless environments, IoE devices may decide how to adapt themselves to reduce energy consumption in information transmission and reception as well as to increase energy harvested in downlink WPT, which is also a key step towards zero-energy devices.

\section{Conclusion}

This article provides a layered architecture of energy self-sustainable 6G in full-spectrum which consists of AI-empowered CUs, massively deployed DUs and IoE devices. In order to deal with a tremendous amount of energy consumed for satisfying unprecedented QoS requirements, key solutions are provided to cell-free access for joint coordination of DUs, airborne access for 3D networking and holographic environmental design enabled by IRSs for counteracting severe channel attenuation in THz and VL. Furthermore, we provide vital approaches to realise zero-energy IoE devices, such as high-resolution signal processing based WIPT, multifunctional transceivers without any batteries and active transceiver adaptation to dynamic environments. However, there are still numerous challenges of making energy self-sustainable 6G a practice, which calls for a joint effort from both academia and industry.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Landlord looking for Single LADY only with decent profile!
Very near wet market, hawker centre, coffeeshop, provision shops, Giant supermart, clinics, police station etc. Parkway Parade & I12 Katong is also minutes walk away.


This Ride Notes Blog is now an Archive covering entries from June 2005 to the end of 2006.
Sunday 31 December. New Years Eve Ride to the Black Horse Amberley.
We met for a late 10.30 start at Walberton. Myself, Sam, Harvey and Keith Dodman.
The skies were heavy with thick black clouds threatening rain but luckily none arrived.
We took a direct route via Madehurst to stop for elevenses at Whiteways. Then down Bury Hill and across to Houghton where Sam stopped to mend a puncture. We arrived at the Black Horse a few minutes after 12.00 at the same time as some Arun Adur members with more arriving later. Tom and Joy arrived by car to join us.
After lunch Sam, Harvey and I took a direct route back riding into a strong headwind.
My mileage for the day was 35.
Sunday 17 December. Tinsel Ride to East Ashling.
I led this ride and I was joined at the Cross by Mike, Richard, Sam, Christine and Avryl. We had a total of 13 out during the day with Alan and Liz, Dave and Jan, Harvey, Adrian and Keith Dodman joining us at the Pub.
Weather was beautiful with crisp clear blue skies all day, light winds and temperatures up to about 9C.
We headed out on Clay lane and the South Coast Cycle Route west to Stansted Garden Centre Cafe for elevenses. We met here a group out from Bognor CC, a Time Trialling Race Club I belong to who were on their morning Club Ride.
Richard went back early and the rest of us headed for lunch at East Ashling via Racton and Funtington. As we climbed the hill from Racton 2 Santa Clauses on Tricycles came down the hill, honest! Later another 3 came towards us but I couldn't get the Camera out in time. From the top of the hill we could see a big group, maybe 20, red coated cyclists heading up the valley in the Compton direction, all were on wheels not sleighs!
We headed on towards West Stoke and then down to East Ashling and the Horse and Groom for lunch. Adrian and Harvey were already there and the rest trickled in over time. Harvey was awarded the prize of a set of bike lights for the best decorated bike. For tea we all headed over to Hillier's near Bosham via West Ashling, probably less than 3 miles and well up on Wednesday ride standards. They did have lots of Apple Pie left which was the main objective.
After tea we headed back to Chichester and then home by various routes. For me 39 miles for the day.
Sunday 10 December. Christmas Lunch rides.
There were 2 rides today a short one led by Richard and an alternative long fast ride led by me and billed an Appetite Improver Ride.
We met 8.15 at the Cross with the sun just rising and a thick carpet of frost on the ground. I was joined by Sam and Phil and Mary.
Weather was bright clear and sunny in the morning starting very cold with a temperature of zero and rising to 9C later in the day. Rain came in later but not until late afternoon.
We took the opportunity of light early traffic to ride up the main road to Singleton and then along the valley via East Dean. Then down Duncton Hill and backroads up to Petworth. There were patches of thin ice on puddles in places but luckily temperatures were not quite low enough for anything slippery.
We reached Petworth at 9.50 and with Tiffins closed till 11.00 we went to the old timbered café of Saddlers Rest which opens at 9.00. 2 cyclists from Guildford were already there and 7 Worthing Excelsior rides arrived later.
We headed back on the same route with a stiff climb up Duncton Hill and then via Eartham and Oving to the Walnut Tree, Runcton for the Christmas Lunch.
22 attended the lunch and the appetite was well and truly satisfied after the 3rd course. I headed directly back home after lunch only catching the beginning of some light rain.
46 miles for the day.
Sunday 10 December. Leaving Petworth Cafe.
Bosham for elevenses where I met up with Keith and Avril.
we made our own ways home.
My mileage for the day was 49km.
Sunday 26 November. Ride from Chichester Cross to Arundel.
Today's ride was nominate Leader on the day and I was elected. 4 more joined me at the Cross, Avryl, Harvey, Adrian and Richard. The Cross itself was taped off with many Rotary Club members busy putting up the Christmas Tree and its lights.
Rain was forecast for the middle of the day but in the end none arrived and a cloudy morning gave way to a bright and sunny afternoon and very mild with temperatures up to 15C.
We rode via Westhampnett and back roads to Halnacker and then across to the Eartham road and down to Aldingbourne for elevenses. We were joined here by Alan and Liz. Despite the heavy rain overnight we decided to risk the track through Binsted woods. This has the advantage of very quiet backroads either side of the track. When we reached it the stony base prevented much mud but some parts were more puddles than track.
We continued on quiet roads through the golden colours of the woods and then through estates to Arundel. We had lunch at the Tudor Rose Cafe.
The afternoon ride took us down a very quiet Ford Road the reason for which turned out to be the crossing being closed for engineering works and all traffic being diverted. We got round this by using the underpass at the Station.
Richard and I stopped for tea at Alan and Liz's. I got back home just as the sun was setting below a red streaked sky.
For me 38 miles for the day.


CHICAGO—Brinks Gilson & Lione, one of the nation's largest intellectual property law firms, today announced that former Kraft Foods chief trademark counsel Susan H. Frohling has joined the firm in its Chicago office as counsel, bolstering its trademarks and unfair competition, international trademark, and copyright practice groups.
Frohling has extensive food and beverage industry experience, including 17 years at Northfield, Ill.-based multinational Kraft Foods. At Kraft, Frohling counseled marketers, strategy teams, and senior executives on a wide range of trademark, right of publicity, and copyright matters, including global and domestic clearance, brand strategy, brand protection, litigation strategy, licensing, and IP issues in social media. She also served as Kraft's trademark and copyright lead for large mergers and acquisitions.
"Brinks Gilson & Lione has a long-standing reputation as a firm that counts leaders in trademark law in our ranks," said Brinks president James R. Sobieraj. "We're proud that Susan Frohling is now a member of our team." Frohling joins a team of notable Brinks trademark lawyers, including Jerome Gilson, David Fleming, Jeffery Handelman, Howard Michael, Andrew Avsec, and Josh Frick.


text:
Q: HOWTO know whether an incoming request in ASP.NET MVC is triggered by an user interaction(user logged in) or by the asp.net MVC app itself I have an ASP.NET MVC app. I have implemented my custom Controller which inherits from System.Web.Mvc.Controller and overrides some methods like BeginExecute and OnActionExecuting (below their signature):
protected override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
protected override IAsyncResult BeginExecute(System.Web.Routing.RequestContext requestContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)

Then all my MVC controllers inherit from my custom controller.
I have noticed that when app is idle (no users interacting/working with it), the BeginExecute event is triggerd several times for each minute is elapsed.
So I would like to differenciate whether the incoming request through BeginExecute corresponds to either an user interaction with the application (user logged in) or to the application itself when it is idle (no user interaction exists, I mean, no user logged in). is there any way to do it?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
International Games Home
Bermuda Women End 2020 136th in FIFA Ranking
Having ended the year at number 136th in the Fifa/Coca-Cola Women's World Ranking, the perception in the senior Women's camp is that they can continue their ascension up the global standings, especially with a new "progressive and transformative" competition platform set to be introduced by CONCACAF next year.
World champions the United States will see out the year in pole position, with Germany, France, Netherlands, and Sweden completing the top five.
Speaking with the Bermuda Women's National Team coaching staff, they are excited about the future.
The trio welcomed the move by CONCACAF to launch a new senior women's national team calendar which will begin in 2021 and include major, centralized summer tournaments in 2022 and 2024.
The move by the confederation is said to be in keeping with its CONCACAF-W pillar, the philosophy that drives the development of the women's game across its subcontinental survey — North and Central America and the Caribbean.
According to CONCACAF, the new calendar prioritizes providing more official match dates for all CONCACAF Women's senior national teams, and ensures there is "elite competition to showcase the highest level of women's international football".
Through this new calendar, CONCACAF will more than double the number of official senior women's national team matches compared with the existing cycle of competitions.
- Tokyo Considering Reduced Numbers for Opening & Closing Ceremonies (1/18/2021)
- Smith & Patton Continue Competing in Florida (1/17/2021)
- Restrictions Postpone 2022 CAC Games Inspection Visits (1/16/2021)
- Crowd Decision at Tokyo 2020 to be made by March (1/13/2021)
- Bermuda Olympic Rowing Hopeful Dara Alizadeh LIVE @ 1pm (1/12/2021)
- Brazil Confirmed for Americas Olympic Rowing Qualifiers (1/11/2021)
- Tokyo Olympic Torch Tour Postponed (1/8/2021)
- Tokyo 2020 Organizers - We Will be Ready (1/7/2021)
- Birmingham 2022 Chief Executive Open to Anti-Racism Protests (1/6/2021)
- Pound - Athletes COVID-19 Vaccine Priority Most Realistic Way (1/6/2021)
- Stadium Upgrade for Santiago 2023 Pan American Games (1/4/2021)
- WADA Issues Reminder as 2021 Anti-Doping Code Begins (1/3/2021)
- Happy New Year from Islandstats.com (1/1/2021)
- CGF President Martin Looks for Optimism Heading into 2021 (12/30/2020)
- BOA/Team Bermuda Masks for Sale at Coral Coast (12/22/2020)
- WADA Strips (12/22/2020)
- Tokyo Budget for Opening and Closing Ceremonies Set to Increase (12/21/2020)
- Bermuda Women End 2020 136th in FIFA Ranking (12/20/2020)
- Dunne & Hawley Elected to BOA Board (12/18/2020)
- Simons Named to FIFA Assistant Referee List 2021 (12/17/2020)
- IFAB Approves Additional Concussion Substitutes Trials (12/16/2020)
- First Panam Sports Virtual General Assembly Underway (12/15/2020)
- Panam Sports General Assembly Set to Get Underway (12/14/2020)
- AIBA Approves New Constitution in bid to Regain IOC Recognition (12/13/2020)
- Umar Kremlev Elected AIBA President (12/12/2020)
- BOA Congratulates PanAm LTAD Programme Graduates (12/11/2020)
- CAC Games 2022 Host Not to be Decided in December (12/10/2020)
- Guidance for Sporting Bodies, Clubs, Teams, and Sporting Events (12/9/2020)
- IOC Approved 2024 Event Programme (12/8/2020)
- Bermuda's World Cup Qualifying Dates Announced (12/5/2020)
- WADA Publishes 2021 List of Prohibited List (12/4/2020)
- Caribbean Islands Cup Open Announced (12/3/2020)
- Participants face COVID-19 Testing Every 4-5 days at Tokyo 2020 (12/2/2020)
- IOC President Thomas Bach Set to e Re-Elected (12/1/2020)
- Clemons & Dalkurd Fall to Norrby IF in Sweden (11/30/2020)
- Alizadeh's Olympic Qualifiers Postponed (11/29/2020)
- James and Aliu Finish 4th in Battle of the Blades (11/27/2020)
- CGF Update Members on 2026 Commonwealth Games (11/26/2020)
- IOC Presdient Visits Olympic Village & Stadium (11/25/2020)
- IFAB Support Proposals to Hold Concussion Substitute Trials (11/24/2020)
- Inaugural Caribbean Games Postponed to 2022 (11/23/2020)
- Bermuda Granted Teqball Membership (11/22/2020)
- IPC President No Stone is being left Unturned (11/21/2020)
- Athletes Encouraged to Limit Stay at Tokyo 2020 Village (11/19/2020)
- Simons Represents Bermuda in CANOC AGM (11/19/2020)
- 2022 Central American and Caribbean Games Update (11/17/2020)
- Raynor Keynote Speaker @ World Athletics Global Conference (11/16/2020)
- Nesbeth Scores Florida State Winner in ACC Championship (11/15/2020)
- Bermuda's European Footballers Round-Up (11/14/2020)
- BOA Extend Condolences to Clevonte Lodge-Bean (11/13/2020)
- AIBA Election Committee Approves Presidential Candidate Field (11/12/2020)
- FIFA Launches first-ever Diploma in Club Management (11/3/2020)
- Bermuda's Overseas Footballers Round-Up (11/1/2020)
- IOC Praise Los Angeles 2028 Progress (10/31/2020)
- NSGA's Encouraged to Work Together or Be Suspended (10/29/2020)
- IOC Warn Olympic Sports Not to Join GEF (10/29/2020)
- Volunteer Registration Begins for Cali 2021 (10/28/2020)
- Justin Donawa Moves to Solihull Borough (10/27/2020)
- Concussion Expert Group Recommends Substitutions (10/26/2020)
- Smith Finishes 22nd in Barcelona European Cup (10/25/2020)
- Olympics Should Be About Unity (10/24/2020)
- Birmingham 2022 to Award More Medals to Women than Men (10/21/2020)
- 3-Year Countdown to Santiago 2023 Pan Am Games (10/21/2020)
- World Olympians Association General Assembly Announced (10/20/2020)
- Lewis to Compete in ASICS World Ekiden 2020 (10/19/2020)
- Clemons & Dalkurd Edge Örgryte IS in Sweden (10/18/2020)
- Lewis & Charleston Battery Fall In Conference Semi-Final (10/17/2020)
- Birmingham 2022 Publish Competition Schedule (10/16/2020)
- Chefs Meeting Goes Virtual for Tokyo Olympics (10/13/2020)
- Commissiong Resigns From Sports Minister Post (10/10/2020)
- Bermuda Footballers UK Round-Up (10/10/2020)
- BOA 2nd Vice President Stan Douglas Retires (10/9/2020)
- Panam Sports postpone 2027 Pan Am Games Bidding (10/6/2020)
- Bermuda's Overseas Footballers Round Up (10/4/2020)
- James' Partner Ciprès Retires Following Sexual Abuse Allegations (9/30/2020)


The Emergency Hospital Medical plan provides competitively priced travel medical coverage for Canadian individuals, families, and groups. Take advantage of lower rates for travel to non-US destinations and special family rates. Coverage can also be purchased for groups of up to 8 travellers. Coverage is available for up to 365 days for travellers under age 60.


text:
inspire_dls-rome [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/JuergenWeichand/inspire_dls-rome.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/JuergenWeichand/inspire_dls-rome)
================

ROME (1.5.0) Extension Module for reading/writing INSPIRE Pre-defined Atom Downloadservices

inspire_dls Extension

    <inspire_dls:spatial_dataset_identifier_code>DEBY_1d4ab890-27e7-3ebb-95ba-2d2ab8071871</inspire_dls:spatial_dataset_identifier_code>
    <inspire_dls:spatial_dataset_identifier_namespace>http://www.geodaten.bayern.de</inspire_dls:spatial_dataset_identifier_namespace>

Examples
--------

Example reading Pre-defined Atom Feeds
https://github.com/JuergenWeichand/inspire_dls-rome/blob/master/src/test/java/de/weichand/inspire/inspirerome/ParserTest.java

Example writing Pre-defined Atom Feeds
https://github.com/JuergenWeichand/inspire_dls-rome/blob/master/src/test/java/de/weichand/inspire/inspirerome/GeneratorTest.java

Further information
-------------------

INSPIRE Technical Guidance 3.1
http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/Network_Services/Technical_Guidance_Download_Services_v3.1.pdf

INSPIRE pre-defined Atom Download Service – Client for QGIS
http://www.weichand.de/2012/06/20/inspire-pre-defined-atom-download-service-client-for-qgis/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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