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Wisconsin Archives • JoshWho News
Category: "Wisconsin"
Blue State Blues: Joe Biden and the Democrats Want Retribution, not Reconciliation
Joe Biden ran on a promise to unify the nation. He missed an opportunity on Thursday. Instead of calling on Americans to come together, he went on a partisan rant against President Donald Trump and even suggested that the Capitol Police were racist. Biden said the previous day's riot on Capitol Hill was the result […]
Andrew Yang Calls for 'Barcode' to Prove Coronavirus Vaccination
Former Democrat presidential candidate Andrew Yang proposed a "barcode" program Friday for Americans to prove they have received a coronavirus vaccination. Tough to have mass gatherings like concerts or ballgames without either mass adoption of the vaccine or a means of signaling. — Andrew Yang🇺🇸 (@AndrewYang) December 18, 2020 "Is there a way for someone […]
Programming Alert: Live Coverage of Wisconsin Court Hearing on Trump Lawsuit
President Donald Trump arrives to speak at the Operation Warp Speed Vaccine Summit. in Washington, on Dec. 08, 2020. (Tasos Katopodis/Getty Images) A hearing in Milwaukee County Circuit Court for a lawsuit filed by President Donald Trump is scheduled at 10 a.m. ET (9 a.m. CT) on Friday, Dec. 11. NTD and The Epoch Times […]
Vote Irregularities in Pennsylvania, and Georgia : Data Expert
Data expert Justin Hart, who worked for Mitt Romney in 2012, says vote tabulation data in key states have anomalies—with significant swings toward Democrat presidential candidate Joe Biden. The findings would overturn 3 states, he says. He based his analysis on real-time election-day entries from the New York Times. In a tweet, Hart shows 25 […]
Group Files Emergency Petition in Wisconsin After Identifying 150,000 Potentially Fraudulent Ballots
A group on Tuesday filed an emergency petition with the Wisconsin Supreme Court, challenging the state's unofficial election results. The Thomas More Society's Amistad Project said it found tens of thousands of ballots that may be fraudulent. "We have identified over 150,000 potentially fraudulent ballots in Wisconsin, more than enough to call into question the […]
No Charges Against Police Officers in Jacob Blake Shooting in Kenosha
Kenosha County District Attorney Michael Graveley announced Tuesday afternoon that no police would face criminal charges in the August 2020 shooting of 29-year-old Jacob Blake Jr., which triggered large riots in the Wisconsin town. "No Kenosha law enforcement officer in this case will be charged with any criminal offense," Graveley said, adding that Blake would […]
Report: Mark Zuckerberg's $419 Million Non-Profit Contributions 'Improperly Influenced 2020 Presidential Election'
A report released by the Amistad Project of the Thomas More Society at a press conference on Wednesday alleged Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and his wife made $419.5 million in contributions to non-profit organizations during the 2020 election cycle–$350 million to the "Safe Elections" Project of the Center for Technology and Civic Life (CTCL) and […]
Kobach: Texas Case Challenges Election Directly at Supreme Court
On Monday, just before midnight, the State of Texas filed a lawsuit that is far more important than all of the others surrounding the presidential election of November 3rd. Texas brought a suit against four states that did something they cannot do: they violated the U.S. Constitution in their conduct of the presidential election. And this […]
Trump's Wisconsin Recount Aimed at Uncovering Illegal Voters Sees Biden Lead Maintained
Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden gained an additional 87 votes in Wisconsin's partial recount on Sunday, confirming his lead in the state count that is being contested by the Trump campaign over alleged voting irregularities. Before the partial recount began on Nov. 20, Biden was ahead statewide by about 20,000 votes. Dane and Milwaukee counties […]
15-Year-Old Arrested for Suburban Milwaukee Mall Shooting
A 15-year-old male was arrested Saturday night for the shooting that injured eight at Wauwatosa, Wisconsin's Mayfair Mall on Friday. Breitbart News reported the shooting on Friday, and police were still seeking a suspect or suspects at the time. The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reports that police arrested a 15-year-old Saturday night, charging him in connection with […]
Hospital: Employee 'Intentionally' Destroys Some 500 Doses of Coronavirus Vaccine
A Wisconsin-based hospital system revealed this week that a now-former employee at one of its medical centers "intentionally" allowed hundreds of Moderna coronavirus vaccine doses to expire, an internal investigation found. Officials from the Aurora Medical Center-Grafton, which is part of the Advocate Aurora Health hospital system, initially suspected employees had accidentally left the 57 […]
Wisconsin Election Hearing: Claims of Fraudulent Third-Party Intervention and Broken Election Laws
A committee in Wisconsin's Republican-led legislature held an election-related hearing Friday, seeking insights into allegations of irregularities in the Nov. 3 election, including whether there was fraudulent third-party intervention, obstruction to meaningful observation, and if voters listing themselves as "indefinitely confined" amounted to fraud. Ahead of the hearing, Republican Assemblyman Ron Tusler, chairman of the Assembly […]
Texas Sues Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin at Supreme Court over Election Rules
The State of Texas filed a lawsuit directly with the U.S. Supreme Court shortly before midnight on Monday challenging the election procedures in Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin on the grounds that they violate the Constitution. Texas argues that these states violated the Electors Clause of the Constitution because they made changes to voting rules and […]
Dane County, Wisconsin Completes Recount
The second county conducting a recount in Wisconsin completed the process on Saturday, the county clerk said. Dane County Clerk Scott McDonell announced Saturday night that the recount was finished. "However we still need a few hours to reconcile the numbers and complete paperwork," he said in a tweet. The Dane County Board of Canvass […]
Teen Charged in Kenosha Shootings Released on $2 Million Bond, Sheriff's Office Says
Kyle Rittenhouse, left, with backwards cap, walks along Sheridan Road in Kenosha, Wis., with another armed civilian, on Aug. 25, 2020. (Adam Rogan/The Journal Times via AP) KENOSHA, Wis.—A 17-year-old from Illinois who is charged with killing two people during a protest in Wisconsin and whose case has become a rallying cry for some conservatives […]
Wisconsin Lawmakers Join Lawsuit to Block Certification of Presidential Electors
Two Republican lawmakers in Wisconsin have joined a federal lawsuit that seeks to block the counting of Electoral College votes from several contested states when Congress meets in a joint session on Jan. 6. Wisconsin state Reps. Jeff Mursau and David Steffen signed onto a suit filed on Tuesday in U.S. District Court for the District […]
Wisconsin Supreme Court to Hear Trump Recount Appeal on Saturday
The Wisconsin Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal by the campaign of President Donald Trump over a challenge to the result of the presidential election recount in Milwaukee and Dane counties. With the Dec. 14 deadline for the Electoral College vote looming, the conservative-majority court set a hearing for noon on Saturday. The court […]
Trump Vows to Keep Fighting for Voting Integrity in 45-Minute Facebook Video
President Donald Trump vowed on Wednesday to continue fighting the results of the 2020 presidential election. "This is maybe the most important speech I've ever made," said Donald Trump, detailing his latest efforts to fight voter fraud in a 45-minute video posted on Facebook. The president spoke at length about all the allegations of fraud […]
Wisconsin Election Officials Say State Supreme Court Shouldn't Invalidate Election
Election officials in Wisconsin asked the state's Supreme Court on Friday not to invalidate the Nov. 3 election. The Wisconsin Elections Commission said plaintiffs who filed an emergency petition earlier this week made arguments that rest "on the flimsiest of legal and factual bases." "They begin with a smorgasbord of meritless legal arguments about how […]
Veteran Feels 'Cheated' Out of Vote, Says 'All We Ask for Is the Truth'
MILWAUKEE—Ray Paul, like thousands across the nation, joined a Stop the Steal rally after media reports that the election results were over and done with. "I'm here because I feel like I'm cheated out of my vote," Paul said on Nov. 13 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. On Nov. 7, grassroots protests occurred in state capitals across […]


KARACHI, SITUATED ON THE COAST of the Arabian Sea, northwest of the Indus River delta, is the economic and commercial capital of Pakistan as well as the largest city in the country. With a growing population, now reaching 14 million, the city faces an increasing demand for potable water, which its primary source, the Indus River, cannot meet.
Efforts to find a solution for the water shortage have been under way since the 1980s. In 2000 an international search began to look for a solution that would provide a new source of drinkable water to Karachi's Defence Housing Authority (DHA), one of the largest housing authorities in Asia.
As a result, in 2003 DHA Cogen Ltd (DCL) was formed as a joint venture between DHA and Sacoden Investments of Singapore. DCL has initiated and installed Pakistan's first co-generation plant to produce both electrical power and potable water. Its investors are from both the public and private sectors.
"This project is the first private plant in the country to provide power and the first to produce potable water for the public," says DCL CEO Waqas Mohsin.
The initial challenge was to find a site that would be suitable in terms of proximity to consumers over the 30-year life of the project. The site chosen is on the edge of the Arabian Sea, close to a residential area but not near sources of pollution or dense population.
For the production of potable water, DCL chose to use Alfa Laval technology because of the company's innovative solution – a desalination process that turns seawater into fresh potable water.
"The major benefit is that it requires the minimum amount of energy to convert seawater into drinkable water," says Moshin.
Since the cost for desalination is high, the desalination unit was complemented with a solution for power generation. The co-generation of power and water offers the advantages of high efficiency and revenue generation through the sale of electrical power, Mohsin explains. He says the project required great cooperation among all partners to find effective as well as environmentally friendly solutions.
THE PLANT HAS BEEN UP AND RUNNING since the beginning of April 2008. It produces 94 megawatts of electrical power and about 3 million gallons of drinkable water daily, providing water and electricity to more than 100,000 homes and businesses in Karachi.
The power plant and the desalination unit work in tandem and are operated by 50 employees, working in three shifts. The plant is based on a co-generation concept, which means that as much as possible it uses waste heat from one piece of equipment to run another piece of equipment; for example, exhaust steam from a steam turbine is used as heat source for the desalination process. The co-generation makes the plant highly efficient in terms of energy consumption, which in turn saves energy costs.
The plant also has a very large intake of seawater compared with the output of freshwater, which means the water that is returned to the sea has a salt concentration that is low enough to be safe for the marine life and the seabed in the area. The water is also of a temperature that is harmless to the local marine environment.
Development of a second phase of the DCL plant is now in the pipeline. When finished it will increase the electrical power output to about 200 megawatts daily and meet 50 percent of the projected water requirements of DHA.
Desalination is the process by which seawater is rendered into freshwater. The seawater is heated to the point of evaporation, and the resulting vapours are then condensed into freshwater. The DHA Cogen desalination plant outside Karachi in Pakistan uses an Alfa Laval Multi-effect Desalination unit for this purpose.
The unit consists of a series of titanium plate heat exchangers that transform the steam, retrieved as a by-product from the power plant, into pure distilled water. Minerals are then added to make potable water that can be distributed to the people of Karachi.
The plate technology provides very high thermal efficiency. The material used for the plates is grade 1 titanium, which is considered the ultimate material in terms of corrosion resistance in seawater.
Thanks to the Alfa Laval technology, he says, the use of power from the power plant is kept to a minimum, ensuring that most of the power can be sold as a commercial venture.


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The United States signed the 1967 U.N. refugee protocol relating to our obligation to provide sanctuary for defined refugees. NumbersUSA has always supported this country taking our fair share of the world's internationally recognized special-needs refugees.
In many years, the United States, with less than 5 percent of the world's population, has been taking in more than half of the "special-needs refugees" identified by international bodies and resettled in third-party countries.
Unfortunately, American generosity in this area has long been abused. Well-intentioned programs have been damaged by fraud and mismanagement, with U.S. government officials and the "refugees" themselves sharing the blame.
ABC News reported that several dozen suspected terrorist bombmakers -- some of whom may have targeted American troops -- were apparently allowed to move to the United States by claiming to be war refugees. FBI agents reportedly found the fingerprints of some of the purported refugees on the remnants of roadside bombs recovered in Iraq.
At a February 2014 hearing, the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security released a document produced by United States Citizenship and Immigration Services entitled "Asylum Benefit Fraud and Compliance Report". It found that just 30% of asylum cases surveyed were fraud-free -- in other words, 70% bore some indication of fraud.
At the same hearing, the Judiciary Committee released a report which showed that the Obama Administration has been releasing asylum seekers into the United States while their claims are pending -- a violation of U.S. law, which requires that they be held in custody. The report showed that in many cases, authorities lose track of these applicants. Research by the Center for Immigration Studies has shown that many of these people fail to show up for their hearings.
These problems in the U.S. refugee admissions systems have been festering for many years.
Two decades ago, the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform headed by former Rep. Barbara Jordan (D-Texas) heard testimony from refugee experts who noted that the United States takes in many people from refugee camps who still have a reasonable opportunity to return to their home countries. Refugee experts note that when the United States accepts refugees who are capable of returning home, it encourages millions more to balk at going back in the hope that if they hold out long enough, they too will be allowed to enter and remain in the United States.
Refugees, once given permission to live here, may bring or send for family members. But large numbers of refugees engage in fraud through this process. Because of the rampant nature of this fraud, the State Department in October 2008 suspended all family reunification applications (P-3 Visas) from U.S.-based refugees. The State Department reported that DNA matches were found in fewer than 20 percent of all cases tested -- suggesting that the fraud rate may be close to 80 percent.
The suggestion of an 80 percent fraud rate is deeply troubling. Refugee advocates have challenged relying solely on DNA testing to validate the relationship between refugees and their family members, claiming that kinship in these communities goes well beyond blood ties.
But if blood ties cannot be verified, how do U.S. immigration officials know that people claiming to be "family" are not simply attempting to pull off a scam?
In February congressional testimony, Temple University Law professor Jan Ting -- formerly a senior official handling refugee issues at the Justice Department and the Immigration and Naturalization Service -- emphasized that the fraud problem shows no signs of abating.
He pointed to a New Yorker article detailing how illegal immigrants educate themselves on how to construct bogus stories making them sound like victims of persecution. The article features an African asylum claimant falsely claiming to have been raped. To bolster her story, "she attends group therapy sessions for rape victims at a public hospital and receives taxpayer-funded medications for her supposed depression, which she throws away," Ting observed.
POLL: Majority of Americans Think U.S. Should Accept Fewer Refugees
Fri, Dec 18th 2015 @ 1:11 pm EST
FBI Says There IS No Way To Vet Incoming Syrian Refugees
Tue, Sep 15th 2015 @ 9:36 am EDT
Syrian Refugee Fact Sheet
Mon, Dec 14th 2015 @ 12:08 pm EST
Acting Director of Homeland Security Testifies Before Senate Judiciary Committee
Wed, Jun 12th 2019 @ 10:55 am EDT
President Trump Drops Tariff Threat as Mexico and US Strike Deal
Mon, Jun 10th 2019 @ 12:29 pm EDT
Trump Admin. Considering Changes to Asylum Procedures in Attempt to Slow Border Surge
Fri, May 31st 2019 @ 7:37 am EDT
Sen. Graham Introduces Bill to Address Border Surge
Wed, May 15th 2019 @ 2:52 pm EDT
RSC Budget Proposes to Strengthen Immigration System
Thu, May 2nd 2019 @ 9:50 am EDT
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Visa Categories of Migrants Recognized under U.S. Law
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Fact Sheet: Trump's Executive Order on Protecting America from Foreign Terrorists
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Professor Lizzie Coles-Kemp from Royal Holloway, University of London, gave an inspirational lecture on cyber security governance. The discussion focused on the issues of demarcation and limits of contemporary governance configurations. The visit is part of a larger collaboration on the effect of digitalisation on marginalised and disenfranchised groups in society.


Edit >> Create SubVI: I almost never use this function... but it could be so nice!
Imagine being able to develop code on some diagram, check functionality in line, and quickly generate a subVI. We're so close with "Create SubVI", but in 7+ years, I've never really used it.
2) If there are error clusters, wire them to the bottom terminals.
3) If there are error clusters, auto create a case structure and put the code in the No Error case. Wire the error cluster through the Error case.
4) If there are in and out references (e.g. File In, File Out), wire these to the top terminals.
5) Run Clean Up Diagram.
I agree with them all except nr. 5.
Point taken... Just trying to present the idea to NI R&D as "quick tweaks", but your comment is noteworthy.
It's just that the diagram clean-up doesn't have much of a sence of aesthetics. It's a pure efficiency beast!
Even the code I create a Sub-VI out of inthis regard is more or less organised as I want it..... It's still a good idea though. You have my kudos.
1-4 - definitely - good ideas!
Check out ClampOn CAN Monitor on the LabVIEW Tools Network.
All Kudos should be given to tst here. This post is a perfect duplicate of his idea a month ago.
Be careful to search the board before posting your ideas, and only post a new idea if it differs significantly enough to warrant more than a comment on the original post.
Let's hope NI are clever enough to sort that out.
Didn't mean to come across rudely - I will be the first to admit that this message board "powered by lithium" has a non-intuitive interface when it comes to navigating from page to page!
LabBEAN, you have been giving plenty of good ideas, and I see that you are actively participating on this entire board. I feel more harshness to the type who doesn't even search before posting.


Harley-Davidson owners can use the Screamin' Eagle Street Performance Tuner to upload and install the latest factory ECM calibrations to match specific hardware upgrades.
Harley-Davidson owners can now use the Screamin' Eagle Street Performance Tuner (P/N 41000008B, $249.95) to upload and install the latest factory ECM (electronic control module) calibrations to match specific hardware upgrades, including high-flow air cleaners, Street Performance mufflers, and Big Bore engine kits. Previously, an authorized Harley-Davidson dealer was required to complete these software uploads. The revised Street Performance Tuner also gives the owner the ability to view and clear ECM trouble codes, and to collect real-time vehicle data, which can then be displayed on a computer screen. Finally, Harley-Davidson has lowered the suggested retail price of the Street Performance Tuner to $249.95.
With the Street Performance Tuner, the Harley-Davidson owner can install factory-calibrated ECM software that will deliver the best all-around performance for a specific model and its state of tune after EPA-compliant performance modifications are made to EFI-equipped Harley-Davidson models. The kit also includes the Vehicle Communications Interface (VCI) module that records up to 15 minutes of run-time data on up to 27 variables that can be downloaded to a PC. Using the included software, the motorcycle owner or a technician can evaluate engine operating parameters such as the air/fuel ratio, O2 sensor readings, engine speed and temperature, RPM and vehicle speed, throttle position, spark advance, and many more performance characteristics of the motorcycle. The VCI will also record and display service codes for troubleshooting and diagnostics.
The Screamin' Eagle Street Performance Tuner may be installed on 2007-later Sportser and XR, Dyna, Softail and Touring models (except Trike).


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La cultura talayótica es la etapa cultural que se desarrolla en las Islas Baleares —entendiendo estas como Mallorca y Menorca en época prehistórica— durante la Edad del Bronce y la Edad del Hierro. También se han encontrado restos de esta cultura en islotes de Mallorca como el Islote des Porros o en la cueva de sa Font y en cala Lledó de la Dragonera. En las Pitiusas no estuvo nunca presente.

Antecedentes
La etapa comprendida entre el establecimiento de las primeras comunidades humanas en las Islas Baleares y la aparición de la cultura talayótica se denomina tradicionalmente periodo pretalayótico.

Actualmente, las evidencias claras más antiguas del primer poblamiento humano en las islas gimnesias (Mallorca y Menorca) se sitúa en el III milenio a. C. A partir de ciertas similitudes en los espacios funerarios, parece que la zona de procedencia más probable de los primeros colonos es el golfo de León, aunque el origen de los primeros pobladores de las Islas Baleares no es un tema cerrado. En cualquier caso, serían grupos con una economía basada en la agricultura de cereales y la ganadería de cabras, ovejas y con menor importancia, vacas y cerdos. Destaca el nulo aprovechamiento de los recursos marinos, que se prolongará hasta las últimas fases de la prehistoria de Mallorca y Menorca. Se documenta, desde el primer momento, la fabricación de cerámica y la metalurgia del cobre. Entre el 2200 y el 1900 a. C. llegan influencias de la cultura del vaso campaniforme (solo en Mallorca, no en Menorca), que en esta época se difundía por Europa, el norte de África y el Mediterráneo.

El aspecto de este primer poblamiento que se conoce mejor es el mundo funerario. Tanto en Menorca como en Mallorca se han excavado varios dólmenes, paradólmenes e hipogeos que corresponden a este período. En cuanto a los contextos domésticos de este primer momento, en Mallorca se documentan cabañas de planta circular, pero también estructuras alargadas construidas con técnica ciclópea, que enlazan con las navetas de habitación documentadas masivamente a partir del 1600 a. C. A partir de este momento, destaca la homogeneidad cultural, sobre todo en cuanto a los contextos domésticos, entre Mallorca y Menorca.

La etapa anterior al periodo talayótico se caracteriza por la presencia de pequeños núcleos de población aparentemente igualitarios, con las navetas de habitación como unidad doméstica típica y una economía agrícola y ganadera. Hacia finales del segundo milenio a. C. se detectan cambios en el patrón de asentamiento, con una mayor concentración de la población, la jerarquización del espacio interno del poblado en algunos asentamientos, el aumento de herramientas y armas de bronce y cambios en las técnicas de fabricación de cerámica. Se constata un ligero incremento de la presencia de materiales de importación, aunque las islas siguen siendo un lugar marginal dentro de las redes comerciales del momento.

Periodización
Hay que tener en cuenta que el complejo cultural conocido como talayótico comprende un arco temporal muy amplio, y no existe un acuerdo unánime entre los investigadores, en cuanto a la sistematización de sus etapas y su cronología. Por otra parte, esta cultura presenta características diferenciadas significativas entre Mallorca y Menorca como por ejemplo en su desarrollo cronológico.

Uno de los primeros autores que se ocupó de los restos materiales de esta cultura fue Juan Ramis, en 1818, en su obra Antigüedades célticas de la isla de Menorca, que es el primer libro en castellano íntegramente dedicado a la prehistoria.

Propuestas interpretativas y cronológicas

Propuesta del Museo de Menorca
Uno de los esquemas cronológicos para el periodo talayótico en Menorca ha sido propuesto por Lluís Plantalamor. Según este autor, alrededor del 1500 a. C. se produce un cambio cultural importante, debido a la llegada de gente foránea a la isla de Menorca. Se van abandonando los sistemas de vida anteriores y aparecen las primeras concentraciones de casas y aldeas, en los que se da una prioridad defensiva (con murallas y talayots), una jerarquización social, la especialización del trabajo en comunidad y la gradual complejidad en los rituales y en las creencias religiosas. Se distinguen cuatro períodos:

Talayótico I (1500-1000 a. C.)
Periodo de transición.  Perduran los sistemas de enterramiento del período anterior (con navetas de enterramiento), pero se introducen nuevos modelos constructivos, debido a una necesidad defensiva de la comunidad (talayots y murallas). Se perfecciona la manufactura de la cerámica y se introduce la metalurgia del bronce. El monumento más característico de la nueva cultura es el talayot. Puede definirse como una gran torre troncocónica (troncopiramidal también en Mallorca), construida a partir de varios anillos concéntricos de grandes piedras entre los que hay un relleno de piedras más pequeñas. A diferencia de Mallorca, los talayots menorquines, generalmente no tienen cámara interior.y

Talayótico II (1000-700 a. C.)
Se abandonan los sistemas constructivos del pretalayótico y se desarrollan las grandes concentraciones urbanas. Se reafirma la jerarquización social y la división del trabajo, fruto de un estadio cultural plenamente urbano. Es a partir de esta etapa que se construyen unos santuarios únicos en el Mediterráneo: las taulas. Son unos recintos de planta más o menos en forma de herradura, delimitados por un muro ciclópeo donde se intercalan columnas y donde en su interior se encuentra una gran columna monolítica de base rectangular coronada con un capitel plano y muy sobresaliente que da lugar a la analogía de una mesa.

Talayótico III (700-300 a. C.)
Los progresivos contactos comerciales con griegos, fenicios y cartagineses llevan a los talayóticos a reforzar sus aldeas con construcciones defensivas adicionales con bastiones y torres de defensa. Por otra parte, se introducen nuevas modalidades constructivas, las casas circulares con patio central, y aparecen objetos suntuarios de bronce y armamento de hierro.

Talayótico IV (400 / 300-123 a. C.)
El comercio con las grandes civilizaciones marineras del Mediterráneo se intensifica. Se pasa de un simple intercambio de objetos preciados (seguramente dirigidos a ensalzar a los caudillos talayóticos) a un traspaso de bienes y alimentos básicos. Roma se convierte en una potencia hegemónica, y esto irá en detrimento de Menorca, que poco a poco va quedándose arrinconada una vez el aliado cartaginés es vencido. Los pueblos interiores son destruidos y reconstruidos durante las guerras púnicas pero finalmente cayendo en decadencia. Los santuarios talayóticos (las taulas) se abandonan. En cambio, toman importancia los núcleos talayóticos situados al borde de los puertos naturales más importantes. La presencia continuada de comerciantes forasteros hace acercarse a sus embarcaderos comunidades talayóticas tardías.

Propuesta cronológica de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
Esta propuesta del Grupo de Arqueología Social del Mediterráneo dirigido por V. Llull, considera que las primeras manifestaciones talayóticas se producen hacia el 1000 a. C., momento en que aparecen los primeros talayots de forma contemporánea a los últimos naviformes pretalayóticos. Su periodización responde a las investigaciones del poblado de Son Fornés (Mallorca) y en las Cuevas d'es Càrritx y Mussol (Menorca). Apuestan por nombrar cada etapa a partir de los elementos propios que en cada momento habitaron Baleares. Dividen la etapa talayótica en tres fases: la Prototalayótica (1050-850 a. C.) donde se abandonan las navetas de habitación, se incrementa el asentamiento en núcleos más grandes, disminuyen las relaciones con Mallorca y se detectan los primeros indicios de tratamiento diferenciado en el aspecto funerario. La Talayótica (850-550 a. C.) donde se detecta la construcción de los primeros talayots y los primeros indicios de jerarquización social. Y la Postalayótica (550-123 aC.) donde aparecen las casas monumentales de forma circular (círculos), la construcción de los recintos de taula como edificio principal del poblado, grandes necrópolis de cuevas artificiales (inicio del entierro en cal) y creciente complejidad social con una importancia clave de los contactos con el mundo púnico los que integrarían las islas a los circuitos comerciales del Mediterráneo.

Propuesta cronológica de la Universidad de las Islas Baleares
Fruto de las investigaciones de V. Guerrero, M. Calvo y B. Salvá, todos ellos de la Universidad de las Islas Baleares se propone que la cultura talayótica es básicamente una sociedad de la edad del hierro de manera que su génesis se sitúa allá por el 900 aC. con la construcción de los primeros talayots y terminaría el año 123 a. C. con la conquista romana de las Islas Baleares. Uno de los elementos importantes en esta periodización es que consideran la cultura talayótica el resultado de la evolución interna de las sociedades pretalayóticas del bronce final, potenciada por la influencia del comercio púnico en el Mediterráneo occidental.

Propuesta reciente
Recientemente ha surgido una propuesta cronológica centrada en el ámbito de Menorca y basada en los resultados de las recientes investigaciones, que plantea que el desarrollo de la cultura talayótica de Menorca presenta unas características bastante diferenciadas de las de Mallorca y que el desarrollo cronológico de ambas podría no ser plenamente sincrónico. Así, el fenómeno talayótico en Menorca se iniciaría hacia el 1200 a. C. La primera etapa de esta cultura (Talayótico Inicial) se prolongaría hasta el 500 a. C. Se caracteriza por la construcción de los elementos monumentales conocidos como talayots, alrededor de los cuales aparecen nuevos poblados, que sustituyen a los anteriores poblados de navetas de habitación. La etapa comprendida entre el 500 a. C. y la romanización (siglo I a. C.) Se denomina Talayótico Final, y se caracteriza por una serie de cambios sociales, posiblemente relacionados con la creciente influencia del mundo colonial púnico.

Aspectos culturales

Período talayótico inicial o lleno

Algunos investigadores coinciden en que la sociedad talayótica presentaría una cierta estratificación social y un acceso diferenciado a los recursos, aunque hay otros arqueólogos que consideran que se habría tratado de una sociedad igualitaria, y que la jerarquización no habría aparecido hasta el período Postalayótico . En cualquier caso, parece que la población se concentra en poblados, que crecen alrededor de los talayots.

De acuerdo con las evidencias arqueológicas, las bases económicas de la sociedad talayótica eran el cultivo del cereales y la ganadería de caprinos (cabras y ovejas) combinada, en menor medida, con la cría de cerdos y vacas.

El período talayótico en Menorca

El espacio doméstico
Una vez abandonados los poblados naviformes, lo que se ha documentado en diferentes yacimientos de la isla como Cala Morell, Son Mercer de Baix, etc. es que la población se asienta en nuevos poblados de los que no conocemos cómo eran sus casas. Muy probablemente las remodelaciones y las construcciones de los posteriores hábitats encima de estas hacen difícil documentarlas.

El talayot
Se trata del elemento arquitectónico que da nombre a la etapa cultural. Son los monumentos más numerosos de la Menorca prehistórica (más de 300), pero debido a la falta de excavaciones, se puede decir que son las estructuras más desconocidas del período. Con recientes excavaciones parece que su origen debe situarse a finales del II milenio a. C. y perdurarían en uso hasta más o menos el 500 a. C. Los talayots de Menorca, al contrario que los de Mallorca, presentan una gran diversidad tipológica, se documentan talayots con estructuras adosadas como el de Cornia Nou, de planta cuadrangular, de forma elíptica, con cámara interior como el de Sant Agustí Vell, con corredor, etc.

No se conoce con certeza la función de estos edificios, que debido a su diversidad tipológica puede responder a varias funciones como la de torre de vigilancia dentro de los poblados, edificio con ciertos caracteres cultuales, elementos simbólicos destinados a la representación del poder de la clase dominante, elementos de control del territorio, etc.

En Menorca hay evidencias claras de la construcción de talayots hacia el año 1000 a. C., como por ejemplo en Cornia Nou, mientras que en Mallorca parece que las evidencias más antiguas no irían más allá del 850 a. C. En ambas islas, parece que al menos algunos de estos edificios entrarían en decadencia entre el 600 y el 500 a. C., coincidiendo con el inicio de la influencia del mundo púnico. Esta fase, llamada período Postalayótico, periodo talayótico final, o período baleárico se caracteriza por la creciente influencia de la cultura púnica. Finalizó con la conquista romana de las islas el 123 a. C.

Edificios adosados al talayot
Aunque no se han documentado hábitats de este periodo, sí que se ha excavado un conjunto de edificios adosados al talayot oeste de Cornia Nou que responderían cronológicamente a este periodo. Se trata de estructuras que rodean el talayot, de planta rectangular con ángulos muy marcados. Los muros de técnica ciclópea son de doble paramento, gruesos y altos. Por lo documentado arqueológicamente parece que se trata de edificios relacionados con el procesado de alimentos, sobre todo grano y carne y su función estaría relacionada con la redistribución de estos alimentos, lo que hace pensar a los investigadores en una incipiente jerarquización de la sociedad, donde una élite tenía el control sobre los recursos.

Recintos religiosos
Poco, por no decir nada, es lo que se conoce a día de hoy sobre los edificios de carácter cultural del periodo talayótico. Como se ha mencionado antes parece que abandonan las cuevas como lugares de ritual (Cueva d'es Mussol) y estos se trasladan dentro de los poblados. En el de Trepucó se pueden observar restos de un edificio anterior al recinto de taula, aunque no se puede concluir que fuera de carácter religioso.

Espacios funerarios

Durante el intervalo de la etapa pretalayótica a la talayótica, lo que se llama Prototalayótico, Talayótico II o la primera fase del Talayótico Inicial, se detectan cambios en los rituales funerarios de las cuevas con paramento (Cueva d'es Càrritx), de las navetas y la utilización de nuevos espacios funerarios como las cuevas naturales (como la d'es Pas) e hipogeos de planta sencilla. Entre los nuevos rituales destaca el del cabello (pintar, cortar y guardar dentro de tubos de cuerno) que se documenta en las cuevas d'es Carritx (Algendar), d'es Pas (Algendar) y d'es Morts (Mongofra).

Toda esta pluralidad de rituales y de sitios funerarios queda bastante desdibujada en la etapa de máximo esplendor de la cultura talayótica, 850-800 aC. hasta el 500 a. C. El hipogeo XXI de Cales Coves es uno de los pocos lugares, junto con la fase final de la cueva d'es Càrritx y d'es Pas, que nos ofrece información. La excavación del hipogeo, a pesar de haber sido expoliado, proporcionó restos de madera de camillas y ataúdes donde eran enterrados los muertos, varios objetos de ajuar como puntas de lanza, un pendiente de plata, etc y la presencia de vértebras de la cola de toros junto con tapones hechos a partir de fémures de buey, hecho que hace pensar con la posible importancia del toro dentro del simbolismo de la época.

El periodo talayótico en Mallorca

Espacios de hábitat
Al igual que en Menorca, el elemento más característico de la cultura talayótica mallorquina son los talayots: hay de planta circular (los más comunes) y de planta cuadrada. Tanto unos como otros presentan generalmente un espacio interior de planta circular, bastante amplio, con una columna central que sirve para sustentar la cubierta, construida a base de grandes losas de piedra dispuestas de forma radial. Un buen ejemplo de los talayots mallorquines lo encontramos en el poblado de Son Fornés. Con sus grandes espacios internos, se ha propuesto que podría tratarse de espacios comunitarios, donde se redistribuirían los alimentos entre todos los miembros de la comunidad.

Espacios funerarios
Los espacios funerarios mallorquines no presentan tanta diversidad como en Menorca. Se documentan las cuevas, pero no las navetas de enterramiento. Se documentan rituales funerarios complejos, en un contexto de inhumaciones colectivas.

Periodo Postalayótico o talayótico final
El periodo Postalayótico, periodo talayótico final, o período baleárico es la última fase cronológica ya correspondiente a la protohistoria de la cultura talayótica, que se desarrolla en Menorca y Mallorca. Su cronología ocupa buena parte de la edad del hierro, ya que desde el 600-500 a. C., momento en que parece que se empiezan a abandonar algunos talayots, hasta el 123 a. C., cuando se produce la conquista romana de las Baleares.

Una de las características más destacadas de este periodo es la creciente influencia de la cultura púnica. A partir del siglo V a. C. está documentado que los honderos baleares luchan como mercenarios para los púnicos. Gracias a esta actividad, llegarán a las islas grandes cantidades de materiales de importación, especialmente vino, que se transportaba en ánforas, pero también grandes cantidades de recipientes cerámicos, adornos de pasta de vidrio, metales y personas. Sin embargo, esta llegada de materiales de importación sólo se documenta de forma masiva, a nivel arqueológico, a partir del siglo III a. C.

A nivel social, estos materiales de importación, de gran valor y controlados por las élites locales, actuarían como bienes de prestigio que servirían para expresar el poder de las clases dominantes, en un contexto de acceso diferenciado a los recursos. En muchos casos, estos bienes de prestigio se incorporan a los ajuares funerarios. En esta etapa, a los datos proporcionados por la arqueología hay que añadir las fuentes escritas griegas y romanas. A través de ellas, se sabe que los habitantes de las islas utilizaban un ungüento hecho con aceite de lentisco (en esa época, no se había generalizado aun el aceite de oliva) y manteca de cerdo, con la que se untaban el cuerpo. Estos autores explican también que los isleños estaban desnudos, durante el verano, mientras que en invierno se cubrían con pieles, según algunos autores, o con una túnica corta, según otros. Los baleáricos disponían de mulas que exportaban, tal vez, a otras regiones, porque también aparecen citadas en las fuentes como una de las peculiaridades de las islas.

El período Postalayótico o talayótico final en Menorca

Aparte de los rasgos ya mencionados, esta fase se caracteriza en Menorca por el crecimiento de los núcleos de población y la aparición de nuevos modelos arquitectónicos. La técnica constructiva ciclópea, los rituales funerarios de carácter colectivo, y la tecnología de producción cerámica de este periodo son de tradición indígena, entroncando con la fase anterior. En Menorca, esta fase correspondería al Talayótico IV de la periodización de Lluís Plantalamor Massanet.

Espacios de hábitat
Es a partir del 600 a. C. cuando, parece, aparecen las características casas de planta circular llamadas círculos las cuales están bastante documentadas debido al trabajo de excavación de los últimos años en el poblado de Torre d'en Galmés.

Estas casas tienen un gran patio exterior cerrado donde se han documentado restos de diversas actividades que se llevaban a cabo, relacionadas con la producción y procesado de alimentos, fabricación de diversas vasijas, resguardo del ganado, etc.

Los recintos sagrados
Dentro de esta tipología de edificios destaca por encima de todo el recinto de taula. Se trata de un tipo de estructura exclusiva de Menorca, existente en algunos poblados de la isla y que parece se documenta a partir del siglo VI a. C. Consiste en un gran edificio de planta en forma de herradura con muros ciclópeos de doble paramento, con una cara exterior de grandes losas y una cara interna de piedras medianas. En el interior del recinto se localizan una serie de pilastras laterales adosados al muro perimetral y casi en el centro la taula. Esta está formada por dos grandes bloques de piedra colocados uno sobre otro formando una T (en algunos casos sobrepasa los 4 metros de altura). Su construcción a día de hoy todavía es un misterio aunque han surgido una serie de hipótesis de cómo colocaron estas dos piedras.

El carácter religioso del complejo parece ser admitido por todos los investigadores, ahora bien, hay una serie de elementos que quedan en discusión entre los expertos, como si era un edificio cubierto o descubierto y sobre todo el papel que jugaba la taula al su interior; era sencillamente un pilar que sustentaba el posible techo, se trata de un elemento simbólico, representa a una divinidad tauromórfica como afirman algunos investigadores y un largo etc.

Espacios funerarios
Los cambios arquitectónicos que se producen dentro de los poblados tienen su reflejo en el mundo funerario. A diferencia de la etapa anterior, los espacios funerarios del período Postalayótico están bastante documentados. Se trata de los grandes hipogeos monumentales, excavados en la roca, en las paredes de los barrancos o bajo tierra. Son cuevas generalmente de planta compleja, polilobular en muchos de los casos, que forman lo que se llaman capillas separadas por columnas, algunas de ellas exentas. Nos encontramos algunas veces con varios niveles del pavimento, lo que provoca que algunas capillas o partes de la cueva se encuentren más altas. No debemos olvidar que algunas de estas cuevas presentan delante lo que parece es un patio picado en la roca que hace que su entrada quede a más altura, esta tipología la podemos ver en la necrópolis de Cala Morell. La función de este patio es discutida por los investigadores, algunos piensan que se trata de un patio inundable que crearía una barrera entre el mundo de los muertos y el de los vivos, otros creen que dentro de este patio se realizarían algunos rituales relacionados con los difuntos.

El hecho de que estos espacios hayan sido ocupados a lo largo de la historia por varios usos hace que sean pocos los que han proporcionado datos para entender los rituales funerarios que se hacían a los difuntos. Aun así algunos han proporcionado algunos datos y sabemos que los individuos eran inhumados en ataúdes o simplemente depositados en el suelo de la cueva, otro tipo de enterramiento que se ha documentado es la cremación con cal. Sabemos de qué manera se enterraban pero no qué tipo de ritual se llevaba a cabo.

Las últimas excavaciones de dos cuevas de esta tipología en el Canal dels Horts podrán aportar más información sobre el mundo funerario Postalayótico.

El período Postalayótico o talayótico final en Mallorca

En Mallorca también se observa un crecimiento de los núcleos de población, aunque no se documentan crecimientos urbanos tan masivos como el del poblado menorquín de Torre d'en Galmés, por ejemplo. Por otra parte, se detecta un cambio en la tecnología de producción cerámica, que sustituye los desengrasantes minerales por desengrasantes vegetales, lo que no se observa en Menorca.

Recintos sagrados, casas y murallas en Mallorca
En esta isla no se encuentran recintos de taula, sino los llamados santuarios talayóticos y las viviendas no presentan la estandarización que se encuentra en Menorca. En cambio, son mucho más frecuentes las murallas, que rodean los poblados.

Espacios funerarios
En Mallorca también se documentan cuevas de enterramiento de planta compleja, que pueden estar agrupadas en necrópolis. Por otro lado, en esta isla es más evidente el paso de los rituales funerarios colectivos a las inhumaciones individuales, como se observa por ejemplo en la necrópolis de Son Real.

La cerámica talayótica

La cerámica prehistórica de la etapa talayótica está siempre hecha a mano, ya que no se conocía el torno. El sistema de cocción también era bastante primitivo, aunque en las etapas finales se encuentran pruebas de la utilización de hornos cerrados. En consecuencia, la cerámica propia de esta cultura presenta un aspecto muy característico: manchas de colores diferentes (marrón y gris) producto de la cocción irregular y desengrasante calcáreo, de color blanco, muy visible. Los vasijas cerámicas, muy abundantes, muestran una gran diversidad tipológica: vasos troncocónicos, ollas globulares, ollas carenadas, grandes contenedores pitoides, etc. Se observan algunas diferencias, a nivel tipológico, entre la cerámica de Mallorca y la de Menorca.

Otras producciones (industria ósea, lítica y metalúrgica)

Son frecuentes, en el registro arqueológico de época talayótica, otros tipos de objetos: punzones y espátulas de hueso, molinos de vaivén de piedra arenisca (molons), elementos de bronce y, a partir de mediados del primer milenio a. C., de hierro (herramientas, armas, adornos personales).

Candidatura de la Menorca Talayótica a patrimonio mundial
Actualmente, una selección de yacimientos prehistóricos de Menorca optan a ser declarados patrimonio de la humanidad por la UNESCO, bajo el nombre de "Menorca Talayótica". Los yacimientos seleccionados son: Necrópolis de Cala Morell, Naveta des Tudons, Es Castellás des Caparrot de Forma, Ses Roques Llises, Trepucó, Torralba den Salord, Cova des Càrritx, Taula de Torrellisar, Hipogeu de Torre del Ram, Hipogeus de Biniai Nou, Monument de na Comerma de sa Garita, Naveta de Biniac Oriental, Navetes de Rafal Rubí, Necròpolis i Es Castellet de Calescoves, Poblat de Son Mercer de Baix, Poblat talaiòtic de Binissafúller, Poblat talaiòtic de Montefí, Sa Cudia Cremada, Poblat talaiòtic de Sa Torreta, Poblat talaiòtic de Sant Agustí, Poblat talaiòtic de Torrellafuda, Poblat talaiòtic de Torretrencada, Sala hipóstila des Galliner de Madona, So na Caçana, Sepulcre de Son Olivaret, Talayot de Torelló, Talayot de Trebalúger, Poblado de Cala Morell, Torre d'en Galmés, Cornia Nou.

Véase también
 Esclavitud en Mallorca
 Toros de Costitx
 Yacimiento de s'Illot

Referencias

Culturas de la Edad del Hierro
Prehistoria de las Islas Baleares
Prehistoria de Menorca
Arqueología fenicio-púnica
Menorca

Enlaces externos

Talayotica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
GGCA Blog
Geek and Gamer Counseling Alliance
"We Ain't Ashes" - Daryl Dixon
As a lover of the comic book series The Walking Dead, it seems ironic to me that one of my favorite characters from The Walking Dead television series, is someone who was created solely for the show. Daryl Dixon can be easily seen as one of the most popular characters on the show. Consider simply that Norman Reedus, the actor who plays him, is nearing 1.5 million followers on Twitter.
The allure of Daryl is as complex as his story. We have watched him evolve since the third episode back in 2010. Lovers of the show would not be surprised to see Daryl in the next episode emerging from the woods with his signature crossbow and a bounty of dead squirrels as he did in "Tell It to the Frogs" but the man behind that rugged façade has drastically changed.
Daryl was early on seen as an outsider, a loner, or a loose cannon (though not as much as his brother) but he is now standing side by side with Rick as a leader of the group. Daryl has shown an overall level of resourcefulness coupled with his selfless and heroic gestures such as going to find Sophia supports his reliable nature to the group and to the viewer. Initially, both the group and the viewer were likely unsure of how to "read" Daryl and questioned his motivations and role in the story. This makes his transformation even more enjoyable for the viewer as it can seem so starkly different to reflect upon Daryl between Season 1 and Season 5. We love to watch characters who are imperfect and we love to see them grow. This makes them relatable but more than that, it gives us hope for our own journeys.
For the purpose of this blog post, I will focus on the recent episode "Consumed" which aired on November 16th, 2014 which was a unique look at how Daryl is transforming. In the episode and in the entire series, fire can be considered thematic. Specifically, it seems that anywhere the group goes to find safety and security such as the CDC, the farm, the prison, Terminus, the cottage Beth and Daryl stayed at, all burned. This is even more significant for Daryl's story as his mother died in a house fire when he was a young child. Daryl has never truly had a home or a safe space to call his own as it is also discussed in previous episodes that he spent most of his young adulthood as a drifter with Merle. Daryl likely felt that nowhere was safe long before the walkers came around and is actually somewhat more comfortable with the lack of security than most characters.
Throughout the episode, Daryl interacted with fire several times. He light paper on fire and threw it in a dumpster to lure walkers away. He created a funeral pyre for the walkers in the shelter. He lit a cigarette. These references speak to Daryl's progress in his hero journey. He is still walking through the fire. He is still changing and exploring who he is as a person and as a member of the group.
Specifically in this episode, he can be seen seeking to understand more about himself and how to continue to grow as evidenced by his taking the book "Treating Survivors of Childhood Abuse" from the shelter. However, he still hides the book even from Carol. Daryl is seeking to understand himself, but still struggling with the juxtaposition of who he was and who he is trying to be. This is also something most viewers can relate to on some level; we often do not show our true selves even to the ones we love for fear or rejection or for fear that acknowledging our pain somehow makes it more real.
In the episode, Daryl tells Carol, "We ain't ashes." Daryl is not someone who has not been consumed or used up by the zombie apocalypse, but rather one is walking through the fire, negotiating and shedding his past self, and will come out changed on the other side. Daryl has always been a survivor. He was able to make it through physical abuse, the death of a parent, homelessness but it took the zombie apocalypse to teach Daryl what it truly means to live. As a lover of the show, Daryl Dixon as a character, and Norman Reedus as an actor, I am eager to continue to watch and to discuss Daryl's transformative journey and how themes from geek culture such as Daryl can be used in growing in our own lives.
-Megan
Supportive materials for this post include The Walking Dead Wiki (http://walkingdead.wikia.com/wiki/The_Walking_Dead_Wiki) and the article 5 Things You Might Have Missed in The Walking Dead "Consumed" (http://moviepilot.com/posts/2014/11/17/5-things-you-might-have-missed-in-the-walking-dead-consumed-2441898?lt_source=external,manual).
This blog is authored by members and supporters of the GGCA. If the writer is not a GGCA member, they have received permission to post their article through the GGCA Executive Officers.


Sam was 12 months old when Woods won his last major, at the 2008 US Open, while Charlie was born a year later after his Torrey Pines triumph.
Molinari was also magnanimous in his praise for Woods, who took full advantage of his playing-partners mistakes and reeled off three birdies in four holes from the 13th before closing out a momentous win amid jubilant scenes on and around the 18th green.
'It doesn't change what I do, I won't change the way I prepare for majors. I really couldn't do much of anything.
Woods has won majors at Bethpage and Pebble Beach, where next month's PGA Championship and June's US Open will be played, but he's not chasing Nicklaus. "I'm so happy for him and for the game of golf this is so fantastic".
Admitting he was extremely achy from the hard-fought battle of the week, Woods said, "I definitely let it all go today, and I ramped up the speed".


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In 1567, and after many slips, the expedition commanded by Diego de Losada arrived at a beautiful valley surrounded by waters of the river Guaire, and formed by the El Avila, Parque Nacional, and parts of the coastal mountain range. Losada and his expedition of 136 men defeated fierce Indian resistance and established the settlement on July 25th.
During a public ceremony, with the words, "I take possession of these lands in the name of God, His Majesty the King and the Spanish nation," Losada founded the famous city of Caracas. The new city was named Santiago de León de Caracas: Santiago, after the patron saint of Spain; León, after the governor of the day, and Caracas, after the Indian group which inhabited the coastal mountain range.
The city was elected as the administrative seat of the Province of Venezuela in 1577. It was the ideal place to establish the colony, owing to its proximity to the sea, abundant soil and defense from pirates, provided by the Avila. Thus it was turned into the principle seat of power.
The city's distribution was established in accordance with the Laws of India for the creation of the capitals of the New World, which adhered to regulations laid down by Spanish government. The specifications varied from the design of the houses, security, and accessibility and transport of water, to the dimensions used for squares and streets. A very typical way to name streets in the Caracas of Diego de Losada was to refer to events that occurred in specific places. In fact, it is not so much the streets as the corners, which are named in this way, for example, "Peligro a Pele el Ojo" or "Pinto to Miseria," among many others.
In 1812 the city was turned into ruins by a violent earthquake which catholic priests declared to be a punishment from God for the rebellion against the Spanish Crown. In the 19th century, under the leadership of Simon Bolívar, the city became the center of the first revolt in the war for independence from Spain (1810-1821). Caracas became the capital of the Venezuelan Republic in 1829 and also one of the most prosperous Spanish colonial communities in South America .
In spite of its political achievements, Caracas continued to grow. During the mandate of Antonio Guzmán Blanco, who was obsessed with turning Caracas into a portrait of Paris, the city was made a great piece of urbanism: theaters, boulevards, monuments, churches, statues, hospitals, an aqueduct, a Observatorio Cajigal, and the Capitolio Nacional, were constructed. Years later, the start of the oil industry brought great transformations and saw the demographic concentration, social mobility and the great accomplishment of the public works. Thanks to the oil, Caracas became the dream of modernity. In the 1950s, the modernizing vocation of Dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez, and his ideological efficiency, converted Caracas into a city full of technological and aesthetic buildings, with new, modern physical environments brought about through the involvement of qualified craftsmen. All of this stemmed from the oil boom.
��� Nowadays, Caracas is a cosmopolitan city full of contrasts, customs and traditions, and with a population that has grown from 400,000, to more than four million. It has some of the continent's finest modern architecture and it is the cultural, artistic, educational, scientific and economic center of Venezuela. Here you can find theater, dance, museums, historic monuments, luxurious hotels, parks, movie theaters, the finest restaurants, and toward the north stands the magnificent Avila, watching over the city.
El Silencio (downtown): History at a glance! El Silencio proudly shows an important part of Venezuela from the 17th and 18th centuries. Distinguished by beautiful architectural treasures, this part of Caracas is well worth a visit. Places such as La Plaza Bolívar (Bolívar Square), Catedral Metropolitana de Caracas, dating from 1665, the Casa Natal El Libertador, the house where Simón Bolívar, the Liberator, was born; the 17th-century La Casa Amarilla, once a prison, but now used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; El Capitolio Nacional, seat of the legislative council; the Teatro Nacional, (National Theater), El Panteón Nacional, the resting place for prominent Venezuelans; the Basílica de Santa Teresa; El Palacio de Miraflores (the presidential palace) and the Museo Arturo Michelena, should not be forgotten.
Complejo Cultural Teresa Carreño, where the arts reach the utmost expression, through theater, dance, concerts and ballet performances among others.
The most important museums of the city include: Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas Sofía Imber , Museo de los Niños (Children's Museum), Museo de Ciencias Naturales (Natural Science Museum), Fundación Museo de Bella Artes (Fine Arts), and the Galería de Arte Nacional, the immense Botanical Garden and the Ateneo de Caracas, where you will find a cinema, theaters, an art gallery, a cafeteria and a bookstore.
When it comes to culture, art and recreation, Caracas is the place to be. Always full of life and with so much going on each day, visitors to this Carribbean capital will never have to be bored during their stay.
Owing to the city's cosmopolitan character, the Caracas art scene is fascinating and worthwhile. Every day you can find some sort of cultural activity and, particularly at the weekend, Caracas ' talented artists show off their creativity, taking advantage of the many Caraqueños who are out and about. There are always a number of cultural centers with something on. Some of the places where you can get a good idea of what Venezuelan art has to offer are Complejo Cultural Teresa Carreño; the National Art Gallery; Ateneo de Caracas, and Quinta Ateneo.
The museums of Caracas are distinguished by the beauty and magnificence, not only of their architecture, but also the art exhibited inside. Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas Sofía Imber, in Parque Cental, is one example of such excellence. Another is the Fine Arts Museum and then there is the Children's Museum, where not only children, but also parents enjoy themselves immensely. Remember, there is also the Natural Science Museum, the Audiovisual Museum, the Keyboard Museum and the Museo Bolíviariano. All together, Caracas has a total of around 50 art galleries and museums, and whichever your field of interest, you will find something to your liking.
When it comes to theaters there also is a great variety to choose from. One of the most famous theater groups is Sala Rajatablas, which stages its plays at the Ateneo de Caracas. Other theaters well worth a visit are the National Theater, the Foundación Celarg, El Teatro Municipal, the Tilingo Theater and the Teatro Palacios. At the end of April the Festival Internacional de Teatro is held. It takes place every two years and offers some theater from around the world.
The best places to enjoy classical, Latin, jazz and Venezuelan music are the Complejo Cultural Teresa Carreño, the Centro de Cultura Corp Banca and the Central University of Venezuela's Aula Magna. Every month each presents a recital from symphonic orchestras and guests from abroad.
The best nightclubs are to the east of the city. Clubs such as Tiffany's in Altamira , are perfect for those who love house and techno music. Flanagan's Pub, in the Paseo Las Mercedes, is the place to go for salsa, meringue and pop. The Fly Pub in El Rosal is great for rock and heavy metal fans and it has live shows performed by lesser known local rock bands. Primer Piso in Las Mercedes offers live salsa shows on "Latin Thursdays" and on Friday and Saturday, meringue, African rhythms and techno. However, this is not the only place where you will find salsa and meringue because it is played at most of the discos and nightclubs, such as Latino's and Pal's.
Caracas has more than 40 cinemas. The most recommended are, of course, in the east of the city. For lovers of the alternative circuit there are a good number of art cinemas, for example, at the El Ateneo and the National Art Gallery.


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After six decades on the water, Townsend ready to pass the baton
At the age of 10, Corning Townsend began a life immersed in the maritime world. Working his summers as a galley boy under Capt. Irving Johnson on the brigantine Yankee, the young Townsend, mentored by the legendary mariner, rose to third mate in three years aboard.
Today, the 73-year-old Townsend is easing off of a 60-hour workweek, passing more of the business over to his son, Christian. From his perch in Edgecomb, Maine, Townsend can look back on a distinguished career as a naval architect and the founder of CT Marine.
Following a soccer accident in his senior year of high school, Townsend dropped out and went back to sea for what he calls "the best year of my life."
After a stint in the merchant marine, Townsend enrolled in the naval architecture program at the University of Michigan, graduating with a bachelor of science degree in naval architecture and master's degrees in naval architecture and marine engineering. He also holds a U.S. Coast Guard 200-ton master's license for power and sail on both inland rivers and oceans. He has been a professional engineer for 30 years and was elected to fellow in the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers for "outstanding personal contributions to naval architecture."
In the late 1960s, Townsend was the guest scientific officer at the Netherlands Ship Model Basin (NSMB). As a project manager, testing model performance for Dravo, Jeffboat, St. Louis Ship and Nashville Bridge, the big four riverboat builders in America, Townsend met many of the people who would later become his clients at CT Marine. Upon his return to the U.S. in 1969, he worked under the wing of the late Clancy Horton, who is credited with developing the modern towboat.
Horton had gone to Germany in the 1930s to study the Kort nozzle, invented by Ludwig Kort. "The shroud placed around a towboat propeller was first introduced in Germany about 1920 to reduce erosion of the river banks," said Townsend. "But they found by accident that it increased thrust. Clancy Horton brought the patented (type 19A) nozzle to this country in 1937 as chief naval architect at Dravo and installed it on the Dravo Pioneer. I worked for Mr. Horton for eight years starting in 1968. It was at that time when we designed the type 37 nozzle for a pair of ship-docking tugs in Aruba."
The type 37 nozzle provides near equal thrust ahead and astern, which was a marked improvement for river operations. "For the next 15 years the 37 was used on river towboats as it produced better backing and flanking with much less vibration astern than the 19A," said Townsend.
The CT-designed John Paul Eckstein offered breakthroughs in propulsion, steering and vibration control when it launched in the 1990s.
In 1978, Townsend formed CT Marine. His client list grew, leading to a portfolio of engineering and design innovation that includes most of the significant riverboats of the past quarter century and articulated tug-barge (ATB) hull design.
"I've worked with Corning for 35 years, on projects when I was working at Jack Gilbert's office," said Robert Hill, owner of Ocean Tug & Barge. "He works on the barge hull shapes for ATBs but he has a great reputation designing river towboats and has a ton of knowledge when it comes to ocean barge hull shapes. He's done all of our model testing at the model basins in the Netherlands and at St. John's, Newfoundland. We have collectively run more ATB model test programs than any other design team in the business."
At Ocean Tug & Barge, Townsend was contracted to work on ATB barge hull shapes for such clients as Interstate Oil Transport and Maritrans, both acquired by OSG in 2006, while developing 192- and 210-foot barges. "And (he) played a huge part in shaping the hull on our 342,000-bbl barges that OSG built," said Hill.
"Our current barge designs are all designed based on a double-chine, CT Marine-based hull design that has been very successful both speedwise and in maneuvering. We collaborated on many ATBs in the past, including units for Mobil, Penn Maritime, Vane Bros., OSG and others and we continue to do so today."
In 1998, the firm developed the CT28 nozzle and in 2009, the CTSL. "They were designed specifically for river towboat application," said Townsend. "We have installed about 150 sets of these nozzles and only about 10 percent of our towboat designs are open wheel."
The CT28 has similar backing characteristics to the type 37 nozzle and yields an increase of 4 or 5 percent ahead efficiency. CT Marine also developed the CT EZ Flow strut, a strut that is both canted and twisted. "This has no effect on performance but minimizes the nozzle erosion, which is common with a highly loaded propeller at the 11 and 1 o'clock positions and at the 5 and 7 o'clock positions, depending upon propeller rotation," Townsend said.
The draft restrictions encountered by a towboat plying the Mississippi River make it impossible to have the optimum diameter propeller above 2,500 bhp per shaft, explained Townsend. During nine years of testing in the model basins, he became aware of the causes of cavitation. Later, working with Clancy Horton and in shipyards, he witnessed its effect.
Subsequent CT Marine-designed inland river boats, including Christopher M. Parsonage, feature sprung superstructures and accommodations, improving crew comfort.
"CT Marine has designed every high-horsepower towboat of 7,000 to 9,000 bhp for U.S. waters since 1988," he said. "There is no magic bullet to minimize cavitation at high propeller loading. Rather, it is accomplished in the design details of the hull, flanking rudders, struts, nozzle fairing, appendages and propeller characteristics."
"I've worked with Corning for over 30 years," said Bobby Barthel, vice president of new construction at Bourg Dry Dock. Barthel, formerly at Quality Shipyards for 24 years, collaborated with Townsend on all six 8,000-hp towboats for Marquette Transportation and Memco Barge Lines (now AEP).
Barthel worked with Townsend on five 6,000-hp towboats for AEP at Quality Shipyards and five more at Gulf Island Fabricators after he moved there from Quality. The pair worked together on three 6,000-hp towboats for Pine Bluff Sand and Gravel and a pair of towboats, one each at Quality and Gulf Island Marine Fabricators, for Hunter Marine.
"He has many strengths: his ability to work with people and investigate every possibility to come up with the best solutions," said Barthel. "It could be line-of-sight issues, visibility, livability, working out the nozzles, the water flow and placement of the rudders — making everything as efficient as could be. Another strength is making sure that the vessel floats right, draftwise. He doesn't miss a thing in terms of putting together the best towboat and he always does what he says he's going to do."
Among the developments that CT Marine has introduced over the years are improvements to the steering rudder that require less angle, allowing the engines to maintain rpm through a turn. "In my mind, steering and stopping are at least as important as ahead performance," said Townsend. "When we really need great steering and can't use a z-drive, we go to two steering rudders per propeller. Not only does this increase the side force by 30 percent but it also allows for shaft removal without dropping the rudders."
Commenting on the design of John Paul Eckstein for Marquette Transportation, featured in the 1997 issue of American Tugboat Review, Townsend emphasized that his focus regarding the steering and propulsion details was to maximize the steering control, the efficiency of speed and fuel consumption, and minimize noise and vibration. The goal was to maintain 900 rpm through a turn, combating the effect of the rudders blocking water flow.
Towboat watchers along the inland river system can spot the signature shape of a CT-designed pilothouse, one with full vertical windows canted against reflections. Looks aside, visibility is an important safety feature, taken a step further with the implementation of the split console that allows the pilot to walk right up to those expansive windows and look down on the push knees, face wires and the tow. Safety is the paramount benefit, but there is also an aesthetic achieved — "eye candy" on the river.
CT Marine designed the 8,000-hp line- haul towboat Patricia Gail for Memco Barge Lines, now part of AEP.
As the call for safer conditions has increased in the past few decades, so too has the need for creature comforts for crews living 50 percent or more of their lives aboard.
"There is little romance left for the crews working on the towboats plying the Mississippi. No stopping along the way, no parties, just very hard, dangerous work, often done in the snow at the end of an 1,800-foot tow," said Townsend. The result of that isolation, living and working on a floating home away from home, has consequences when it comes to retaining crewmembers.
"The naval architect must do everything possible to make each boat safe and comfortable for the crew," said Townsend. Comfortable quarters, good food, entertainment technology and communications are becoming standard on most newbuild vessels. So too is the trend toward soft-mounted machinery, floating floors above machinery areas and sound insulation throughout the vessel, all directed toward dampening the head-thumping, soul-numbing noise and vibration so common in vessels of not so long ago.
Power and performance aside, the other big news surrounding John Paul Eckstein was the installation of a sprung superstructure, an innovation that virtually eliminates the vibration and noise that 8,000 hp and highly loaded propellers can create. The technique involves mounting the entire accommodation house on up to 40 very robust springs set in a 2-foot-high separation cavity above the main deck that is enclosed with a rubber curtain. The Marquette line-haul boat was followed by Patricia Gail, Christopher M. Parsonage and Joy Anne Keller for Memco Barge Lines, and Bootsie B for Riverway Co. (both companies now owned by AEP). A dozen 6,000-hp riverboats with sprung superstructures were designed by CT Marine for the Pine Bluff Sand and Gravel and AEP fleets.
"This was first done on the rivers on a Luhr Brothers boat and soon thereafter on a vessel for Mulzer Crushed Stone," said Townsend. "Every new CT Marine towboat, 6,000 bhp and above, has accommodation isolation. When done well, the results are like sitting in your living room, even at full horsepower. This assures good crew rest, which in turn increases safety and instills pride in the boat. Inside the sprung accommodations, the ambient noise is 62 dba or less and there is virtually no vibration. The major complaint is that the pilot cannot feel when the engines have clutched into reverse."
In 2013, CT Marine took crew comfort another step further with the delivery of Ron Hunter, an 8,000-bhp towboat, built by Gulf Island Marine Fabricators, with a 300-ton accommodation house floating on 48 air bellows. "In addition, Loggers NL, the Dutch designer and manufacturer of the isolation system, fitted 14 shock absorbers to further control any unwanted motion of the house," said Townsend. "It is by far the most comfortable 8,000 on the river."
The Coast Guard's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) to 46 CFR Subchapter M continues to loom large within the U.S. maritime community. The application is expected to impact a broad range of workboats, including ocean tugs, harbor tugs longer than 26 feet and towboats plying the U.S. inland river systems. Addressing the variables with a universal set of regulations is a concern within the riverboat community.
Christian Townsend designed USS Cairo, the U.S. industry's first purpose-built z-drive fleeting boat, for Carline Cos. The vessel entered service this year.
"For example, being able to control the rudder from the rudder room on a tug in the middle of the Pacific is different than trying to steer a pushboat from the rudder room southbound through Vicksburg," said Townsend. "Hopefully the final rules will have a few more distinctions based upon service such as, but not limited to, intact and damage stability requirements for river pushboats."
The regulations and innovations applied to riverboats in the next 73 years are difficult to predict but one change is being ushered in as Corning Townsend is easing himself out. Z-drive propulsion, now practically a requirement on a new tugboat assisting ships, is becoming a serious consideration on riverboats. Last fall, Carline Cos. of Gonzales, La., completed the construction of USS Cairo, the first purpose-built z-drive fleeting tug in the U.S. Christian Townsend took the lead, designing the tug with input from Corning, signaling the transition from father to son at CT Marine.
"Christian and I have been working as a team for the last 22 years," said Corning. "He is a very capable designer with great imagination for the use of restricted space, and a profound understanding of the importance of structural continuity. Christian is extremely detail oriented whereas I enjoy broad-brush design and engineering, observing trends, life cycle economics, hydrodynamics and transportation systems as a whole. With nearly a quarter century of daily discussion, teaching and learning from each other, we have developed towboat designs from 500 to 10,000 bhp that complement our capabilities and optimize the tradeoffs that are inevitable in ship design.
"With nearly 200 towboats working in four continents, it is as easy to spot a CT Marine design as it is a Dravo or St. Louis Ship. Over the past 38 years we have not just created some of the most efficient state-the-art towboats, we have created a brand."
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Politiki Anixi (, Politischer Frühling) ist eine ehemalige griechische nationalistische Partei.

Die Partei wurde im Juni 1993 vom ehemaligen Außenminister Andonis Samaras gegründet, nachdem dieser durch seine nationalistische Haltung im Streit um den Namen Mazedoniens sein Amt in der Regierung Mitsotakis verloren und die konservative Partei Nea Dimokratia verlassen hatte.

Die Abspaltung führte das Ende der Regierung Mitsotakis und nach den Parlamentswahlen 1993 die Rückkehr der Oppositionspartei PASOK an die Macht herbei.

Der Politische Frühling erzielte folgende Wahlergebnisse:
 Bei den Parlamentswahlen 1993 4,9 % und zehn Sitze im griechischen Parlament,
 Bei den Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament 1994 8,7 % und zwei Sitze.
 Bei den griechischen Parlamentswahlen 1996 scheiterte die Partei mit 2,94 % knapp an der 3-%-Hürde  für den Einzug ins Parlament.
 Bei den Europawahlen 1999 erlangte sie mit 2,3 % ebenfalls keinen Sitz.

An den griechischen Parlamentswahlen 2000 beteiligte sich die nach diesen Misserfolgen in Auflösung begriffene Politiki Anixi nicht mehr, ihr Parteiführer Samaras unterstützte öffentlich die Nea Dimokratia und bereitete damit seiner Rückkehr in diese Partei und der Fortsetzung seiner politischen Karriere den Boden. Vor den griechischen Parlamentswahlen 2004 schloss sich Samaras wieder der Nea Dimokratia an und wurde bei der Europawahl 2004 zum MdEP gewählt. Bei den Parlamentswahlen 2007 wurde Samaras in das griechische Parlament gewählt und war von Januar 2009 bis zur Niederlage bei den Parlamentswahlen 2009 Kulturminister. Im November 2009 wurde er zum Vorsitzenden der Nea Dimokratia gewählt.

Historische Partei (Griechenland)
Historische konservative Partei
Nationalistische Partei
Griechische Geschichte (20. Jahrhundert)
Gegründet 1993


A vitamin, herb, and health store located in Fairview Heights, IL. At Jacob's Herb Shop we want to help you foster health and well being through the use of natural healing products, techniques and quality service.
We employ a staff of industry-experienced professionals who are trained to provide essential information to customers, such as product safety, product quality, scientific evidence supporting the use of herbs, the role of botanicals in modern health care, and how to access herbal information resources. In addition, our staff assists customers in building a nutritional program tailored for their specific needs.
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From 13 to 15 June 2019, you will have the opportunity to discuss with Europe's international leaders at Göttweig Abbey.
Use our salon events in advance to bring in your inputs for the Europa-Forum Wachau in June.
BREXIT: What's the next step in Europe?
Let us shape our Europe together. Our newsletter keeps you well informed.
The Europa-Forum Wachau and the Salons offer you the opportunity to participate in the future of Europe. We have a responsibility for the European idea, therefore we want to think ahead together with you!
With the Europa-Forum Wachau we have an acknowledged European discussion forum which deals with current challenges in a common Europe. It is our concern that the citizens and our youth should also be strongly involved.
The Europa-Forum Wachau was founded in 1994 on the occasion of Austria's accession to the EU. Since then, the aim has been to promote the topic of Europe and to communicate it passionately to the citizens.
Since 1995, 26 Prime Ministers and 32 Foreign Ministers, 3 Commissioners and over 10,000 guests have taken part in the Europa-Forum Wachau in addition to one President.
Jean Claude Juncker, Viktor Orbán, Manfred Weber and Frans Timmermans have already been active participants in the Europa-Forum Wachau.
The Europa-Forum Wachau will be held from 13 - 15 June 2019 in the Abbey Göttweig.
The results of the Salons Europa-Forum Wachau are incorporated into these working groups.
The new format of the Europa-Forum Wachau will include six citizen dialogues "Salon Europa-Forum Wachau" in advance.
The Salon acts as a think tank for central European topics. Guests from politics as well as experts from business, technology, culture, science and the media discuss current social challenges. The Salon also serves as a forum for involving the public in the Europa-Forum Wachau.
Participants can vote on relevant topics using online voting software for their mobile phones. The most important statements will influence the Europa-Forum Wachau and will be discussed further. The salons will be supported scientifically by the Danube University Krems.
Technologization: Curse or Blessing for Democracy?
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In our archive you will find an overview of all our topics and speakers from the past years.


Balloon decoration ideas really can give the party more fun and joy. Decorations are needed if you hold a party. There are a lot of kinds of decorations that you can choose. Then, you must agree that a party is not complete without balloons. Therefore, you should not forget to choose the balloon design for your party decorations. Moreover, you can find many ideas for balloon decorations in various colors, sizes, shapes and styles of arrangement. Balloon will make your party look alive and delightful, especially if you hold a birthday for your kids since kids must love a lot of balloons around them.
When you invite people to your party, you must welcome them very well. One of the way you can do is to make a great decorations for the entryway. Balloons decorations in attractive arrangement might be a nice focal point. You can make a gate of balloons in some color combinations or rainbow look can be good option. Moreover, two pillars of balloon decorations at the entrance in decorative designs like big flowers with different color choices can be a great décor. Besides the entryway décor, balloon decorations also can be used to decorate the room inside.
Commonly balloons come with round or oval shape in colorful look. Moreover, there are many other unique designs that you can choose to make a stunning party décor. There are various shapes you can choose for balloon decorations like love, alphabets, numbers, and many other decorative shapes. Then, if you prefer the balloons in regular shape, you choose attractive pattern design printed on it. The design can be a picture of your favorite thing. It also come with varied color choices that might be fit to the party décor. You can arrange the balloons on the wall or ceiling.
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Welsh international Luke Charteris has agreed to join English Premiership Rugby club Bath from French Top 14 Rugby club Racing 92.
The imposing second row, who stands at 6′ 9″, will join Bath ahead of the 2016/17 season from Racing 92.
Having made his international debut against South Africa in 2004, Charteris has gone on to win over 60 Welsh caps, most recently in the 2015 Rugby World Cup. Renowned for his skilful lineout work and athleticism around the field, the lock made over 140 appearances for Newport Gwent Dragons before moving to France in 2012.
"It is such an ambitious club, and that's a great atmosphere to be joining," said Charteris.


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In 2016, POP's foundation organised a China Culture Trip for the adopted families with children from China. It aims to provide an opportunity for US families with Chinese adopted children to understand the Chinese Culture. This cultural trip started on 6 July 2016 and it was made possible because of POP's Foundation and the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the Tianjin Municipal People's Government. The Chinese government had so kindly covered the hotel and restaurant expenses for the 200 families in Beijing and Tianjin on 6 July, while participating families bought return air tickets at their own expenses.
There were a total of 26 adopted children in the Bay Area who participated in this Cultural Trip. After arriving in Beijing, they met with adopting families from all over the world for a cultural exchange. This trip was also made special as it is the first time that 2 children from the "King of Peace" Children's Welfare institute in Wuqing, Tianjin adopted to the United States are returning home.
On 11th July, an event was held, and it consisted of 3 parts:
Children's talent shows aimed to forge friendship with friends from overseas.
A visit to the Welfare Home to share about the life and education programmes in the homes. The vocational training programmes available for the older children was explained in this visit too.
A reunion dinner, which involved the making of dumplings. The purpose of this was to welcome the 2 children who returned to "King of Peace" Children's Welfare institute as well as the other guests on this trip.
It was a wonderful cultural exchange and was a great opportunity for many friendships to be forged.
For questions or inquiries about future trips, pleace contact Maisie Chan at 1 (925) 292-2331 or info@popsfoundation.org
Find us on Facebook to meet others that attended the 2016 China Cultural Trip! LIKE US!
Culture Trip Photos and Videos


On a vacation to Australia, a Texas farmer meets an Aussie farmer and starts talking to him about his farm.
The Aussie takes him to see his big wheat field, but the Texan wasn't impressed.
"We have wheat fields that are twice as large as this one," he told the Aussie.
The Aussie farmer drives him around the ranch and shows off his big herd of cattle.
"Oh, our longhorns are at least twice as big as these," the Texan bragged.
The Aussie farmer is getting frustrated when the Texan notices a herd of kangaroos hopping across a field.
"What on earth are those?" he asks.
The Aussie turns to him with an astonished look. "Don't you have any grasshoppers in Texas?"


text:
Фран Велес (; род. 23 июня 1991 — Таррагона, Испания) — испанский футболист. Играет на позиции центрального защитника и правого защитника в греческом футбольном клубе «Арис» из города Салоники.

Клубная карьера
Фран Велес начал свою футбольную карьеру в местном клубе родного города Таррагона — La Floresta. Затем, зимой 2009 года, он подписал контракт с другим клубом из Таррагоны — «Химнастик», где провел последний игровой год в качестве юниора.

10 апреля 2010 года у состоялся его дебют во взрослой команде «Химнастика» в матче против «Альбасете» (1:1). В августе 2011 года перешел в клуб третьей по значимости футбольной лиги Испании Сегунды Б — «Логроньес».

2 сентября 2013 года подписал контракт с футбольным клубом «Альмерия». Сначала он попал во вторую команду клуба, с 7 июня 2014 года играл за первую команду. Провел за клуб 75 матчей.

1 июля 2017 года перешел в польский клуб «Висла» из Кракова. Свой единственный гол в Чемпионате Польши он забил «Легии» из Варшавы.

25 июля 2018 года Фран Велес подписал контракт на два года с греческим клубом «Арис» из Салоников.

Клубная статистика

Примечания

Футболисты Испании
Игроки ФК «Арис» Салоники
Игроки ФК «Химнастик» Таррагона
Игроки ФК «Альмерия B»
Игроки ФК «Альмерия»
Игроки ФК «Висла» Краков
Игроки ФК «Логроньес»