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Penman No. 231: A Sortie to Siem Reap
HAVING MADE a pact to see as much of the world together for as long as our knees could carry us, Beng and I headed out to Siem Reap in northwestern Cambodia just before Christmas. It was another booking we'd typically made months in advance (we'd booked our November trip to Guangzhou in February) to avail ourselves of budget fares, and a four-day sortie in mid-December sounded just about right, taking the weather and the crowds (or the lack of them) into account. A few years ago, we'd taken separate December trips to Beijing and Shanghai and had shivered in the snow, but were rewarded with spectacularly desolate views of and from the Great Wall.
At an age when people start talking about bucket lists, we just had to see Angkor Wat and its outlying complex of temples, but as it turned out, Siem Reap was much more than just a location or a jump-off point for Angkor Wat. It had ample charms of its own, and while it would be criminal to go there without visiting the temples, it offered much room for more solitary pursuits. We were there for four full days, spending two days on the road and two just lazing around about town, and it felt just right at our seniors' pace.
It takes just under three hours to fly to Siem Reap from Manila; our flight landed close to 10 pm, and we were met by a tuktuk sent by our boutique hotel as a free service, a welcome touch. There's a long row of big hotels along the national highway but we chose a small one closer to the center of town, about a 20-minute ride away. I exchanged a couple of hundred dollars at the airport, but it turned out to be almost totally unnecessary—in Siem Reap, the US dollar is king, with dollar prices posted or quoted on everything from SIM cards and T-shirts to mango shakes and massages. (Do bring lots of small bills—I've never seen so many 2-dollar bills moving around, not even in the US, although curiously signs say that Cambodian banks won't accept them.) Speaking of SIM cards, a $5 Cellcard SIM gets you 1.5 gigs of data, good for one week.
Aside from dollar bills, the other constant in Siem Reap is the tuktuk, larger and more spacious than its Thai counterpart, with two facing seats in the back and the motorcycle all by itself out front. Ours was driven by an unfailingly pleasant and efficient fellow called Thou (whose name kept me looking for a loaf of bread and a jug of wine); the only drawback to this design is that the driver sits too far ahead of you for any conversation beyond the yelled "Stop!" at points of interest, so I sadly never got to really chat with Thou, even if his English was surprisingly good.
Indeed I was frankly astonished by the facility with which nearly every Cambodian I met—whether driver, waitress, masseuse, or vendor—spoke English. Of course Siem Reap is the country's tourist capital, and English is now taught in Cambodian schools, but we didn't see that kind of proficiency in Thailand or Vietnam. Quaint vestiges of French remain—a police outpost still called itself a "gendarmery" (with a Y). I remember last using my pidgin French some years ago with an old silk seller in Hanoi who didn't speak English, but I never had that problem in Siem Reap. Our foot-massage suki said that she had learned English just by listening to her guests, while our guide at the war museum said that he had been taught the language by an NGO.
As you can guess, foot massages (widely available for $5 each) were on our daily schedule, mandatory especially after the 10K treks you'll be making, but Siem Reap is silk-scarf, cotton-shirt, and silver-bangle heaven as well for the casual shopper. Great food—with dishes familiar to the Pinoy palate—can be found all over, and you can easily enjoy a meal for two, including drinks, for $10. Wherever we were, even in the humblest market stall (our kind of fine dining), the rice was consistently good, neither stony nor mushy but with that bounce to the bite that we Visayans call makid-ol. You could even have your massage or your meal with a free daily ladyboys show. If you abhor cheap stuff (I can't say we do) and want the very best items at corresponding prices, the Artisans Angkor workshop and showroom is in a class all by itself; mid-range, there's the "Made in Cambodia" market, which also features a free show of traditional Cambodian dance in the early evening.
Any list of Siem Reap's attractions will begin with the 12th-century Angkor Wat, and if I don't say much about it here it's only because you truly have to be there to appreciate its majesty, along with the smaller but no less wondrous Bayon and Ta Phrom temples. This complex is but a 30-minute drive away from downtown, but what a difference a half-hour makes—seemingly into the jungle, but actually into the heart of civilization itself.
We had been warned by the guidebooks about the insufferable heat in Siem Reap, especially on the temple tours, but it was cloudy and drizzly—even cool and nippy—for most of the time we were there. Riding our tuktuk around the countryside was thoroughly instructive. Depending on your perspective, it was either reassuring or disconcerting to see so many orphanages and pharmacies along the road. Cambodian People's Party signs were ubiquitous as well, and a visit to the War Museum proved indispensable in contextualizing the easy comforts of today's Cambodia.
Our museum guide Prem was born in nearby Battambang, close to the Thai border, and remembered witnessing battles with the Khmer Rouge as a boy; his parents survived the genocide by feeding on insects. (Angkor Wat is replete with reliefs of battle scenes, a reminder of how often and how strangely beauty and gore come together.) Democracy, Prem said, was a work in progress in his country, and I could only agree and advert to our own situation, although the horrors of the Pol Pot period—with 3 million, half the Cambodian population, killed in just four years—made us, with our mere thousands of largely faceless losses over a few months, appear absurdly civilized by comparison.
We motored to the edge of Tonle Sap—the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia and another major tourist attraction—but decided against taking the $20, two-hour cruise, having read on half a dozen websites about how commercialized the package had become. I'm sure we would have enjoyed it anyway, as writers and artists should find something noteworthy in the most trodden of paths, but it felt enough to contemplate the vastness of the lake from where we stood onshore. A pretty sight on the way to the lake was the carpet of flowering lotuses being farmed by the villagers.
Just like its pinkish earth, which it seems any seed you throw into will explode in greenery, Siem Reap is a testament to the insistence of life itself, to the indomitability of the human spirit against all manner of despotism and despair. We flew home much refreshed, from our brows to our toes.
Posted in Art & Culture, Fun, history, Society, Travel	| Tagged Angkor Wat, Asia, Cambodia, Siem Reap, tourism, travel	| Leave a reply
Penman No. 230: Two Voices from Singapore
DURING THE Singapore Writers Festival last month, I had the opportunity to chat with two prominent poets from that city-state, Aaron Lee and Eric Tinsay Valles, and I'm sharing the highlights of our conversations to give my readers some idea of what Singaporean poets are writing about. Interestingly, both poets, now just in their 40s, were born outside of Singapore, but now feel very much embedded in that ethnic and cultural melting pot.
Malaysian-born Aaron Lee works as a corporate lawyer in the area of regulatory governance and ethics. "I was born in Malaysia to immigrant Chinese," Aaron told me. "My father worked for Singapore Airlines so he commuted daily from Johor Baru. It was typical of people at the time to send their children to Singaporean schools if they could afford it. I commuted daily for many years with my passport in my pocket, between the ages of about seven to fifteen. My brother and sister did the same. In our mid-teens we moved to Singapore. After five years my parents moved back but the children stayed behind.
"I feel myself to be 100% Singaporean, but I do have a lot of affection for Malaysia, especially its natural environment, carried over from my childhood. The city can be a soul-crushing place, and this came out in my second collection, where the metropolis looms over you. In my third collection, I rediscover the renewing force of nature. This was also helped by frequent visits to Hawaii, where my wife studies Hawaiian culture. In my 20s, I met senior writers like Prof. Edwin Thumboo who were dealing with the postcolonial condition. I was a law student in college but I had a couple of English literature modules in which Prof. Thumboo lectured. Discovering this whole shared past of English-language literature between Singapore and Malaysia past gave me an intellectual and emotional hinterland, raising my consciousness of Malayan-ness, which is lost on the present generation.
"I began to take my creative writing seriously in my mid-teens, and I was fortunate to have high-school classmates like Alvin Pang who were just as serious about it. I found a community of people who were interested in literature and this was very important to my formation as a writer. After high school I even applied to several universities overseas to study literature and one of them accepted me but it didn't come with a scholarship, so I decided to take up law instead here in Singapore, which was much cheaper.
"I'm not really conversant in Bahasa except for the kind of colloquial Bahasa you hear in markets. I've done some reading in Chinese but can't write in Chinese. Our bilingual policy has deep flaws that prevent many Singaporeans from acquiring first-language facility with either English or their mother tongue. Many Singaporeans my age will speak English better than their mother tongue.
"My generation came into its own in the 1990s, and there are about a dozen of us poets who have been categorized as third-generation poets in English. Ours was the first generation of non-academic poets. We were lay people, so to speak, professionals engaged in business, journalism, and law. Our poetry is more down to earth. The earlier generations were more concerned with nation-building. We tend to be more personal.
"I'm essentially a lyric poet and I love the way words sound when they're well put together. I'm concerned with the inner music of words in sentences and lines. As a student, I looked up to poets like Seamus Heaney and Philip Larkin. I'm also concerned with common humanity. My first collection was very personal, poetry about being a poet, but my later collections cast their eye on a wider world, even to current affairs in society and on the international stage. I observe that when people come together in the city, they become anonymized, dehumanized, and alienated from one another. I try to resist that by looking for what we have in common as people, for empathy, compassion, and love. My work might be political in a roundabout way, but at the end of it I always move back from the grand narrative to the person. My Christianity is a big part of my identity, my values, my world view. I see myself as a work of art being fashioned by my Maker. I don't just want to be a poet, but the poem, a work in progress, a song coming out of the mouth of God."
Philippine-born Eric Tinsay Valles teaches at the National University of Singapore High School of Math and Science. In 2013, he won a Goh Sin Tub Competition prize, which offers the biggest cash reward for creative writing in the region. Eric was working on his PhD in literature in NUS in 2000, and decided to stay on.
"I was a journalist in Taiwan for six years, and a teacher in Manila before that," recalled Eric. "It was through Prof. Thumboo that I began to be published in Singapore, through an anthology that focused on the merlion, the very symbol of Singapore. It's like a rite of passage for Singaporean poets to write about the merlion. Prof. Thumboo has mentored many of those young poets, and he has always been for inclusiveness and for the development of literary traditions in all the languages used here. That's why the Singapore Writers Festival and the National Poetry Festivals are probably unique in that we have sessions in four languages. Young poets email him, and he responds to them.
"I just feel very fortunate to have met him in NUS. I invited him to speak before some students, and he invited me to attend some poetry sessions, and that was the beginning of a long association and friendship.
"I'm a permanent resident here, but am still a Filipino citizen. I'm the director of the National Poetry Festival here in Singapore and I'm now finishing my PhD in Creative Writing at Nanyang Technological University, working on trauma poetry and on a novella in verse set during the Japanese occupation.
"As a former journalist I got exposed to many human experiences, and some of that has been reflected in my work in terms of empathy for the downtrodden and the marginalized, and faith. My faith is part of my being Pinoy. My second collection is titled After the Fall, and that could allude to the biblical fall and also to the trauma we experience in everyday life. For Singaporean poets, trauma is more domestic, more felt in estrangement from other people such as family. Contentment and complacency lead to boredom, the desire for more wealth brings more tensions, and young Singaporeans grapple with modernity. Much of Singaporean literature deals with this conflict between modernity and tradition.
"I started writing poetry in primary school in Manila. There have been many influences on my work—Elizabeth Bishop, Thom Gunn, Neruda, Lorca, Heaney—but I've become very familiar with Singaporean poetry, especially since it's a very small community.
"There's about a dozen Pinoy writers working here in Singapore. We even have a couple of Pinoy domestic helpers who participated in the National Poetry Festival, and they read their poems in Filipino. I look forward to my visits home, where I sometimes hold writing workshops."
[Eric Valles photo courtesy of the SWF.]
Posted in Art & Culture, books, Education, Friends, Travel, Writing	| Tagged literature, poetry, Singapore, SWF, Thumboo, writing	| Leave a reply
Penman No. 229: Our Waking Dream—Why We Need Language and Literature
(This is the full version of a Powerpoint presentation I summarized for my Penman column, and I'm reproducing it here to share the visuals as well, culled from various sources on the Internet; if any of these images are copyrighted, I will be glad to take them down on request, thanks!)
THANK YOU all for this kind invitation to share some of my thoughts with you today on "The Crucial Role of Language and Literature in the New GE Program."
I could stand here for the next 20 minutes and deliver the standard academic lecture on why we need to put literature on the GE curriculum. But it would be the kind of lecture you would have heard dozens of times before, filled with the kind of platitudes you could recite in your sleep.
To give you an idea of what this talk could have sounded like, let me quote from what one of my alma maters, the University of Wisconsin, says about the need for literary study:
"Because literary study involves the four processes of reading, thinking, discussing, and writing, its practical pedagogical value lies in its tendency to stimulate these activities and thereby improve the student's ability to perform them. Careful reading increases one's vocabulary and general verbal sensitivity and sophistication. In the classroom, the teacher can lead the student to think critically about what has been read. Classroom discussions sharpen reading and thinking skills and increase the student's ability to express thoughts orally. The teacher can then use these processes to stimulate in students the desire to organize and record thoughts in writing. Thus the study of literature can be seen as practical intellectual discipline. It directly involves the student in the analysis of difficult literary texts, and in doing so it develops verbal skills which are transferable to other contexts. In other words, a person trained in the study of literature will be better equipped than most to read, comprehend, and analyze other kinds of texts (newspapers, reports, briefs, etc.). This is why, for example, English majors make such highly qualified candidates for law school." (http://www.uwstout.edu/english/lit_study.cfm)
I'm sure this all makes perfect sense—indeed, that's this whole session in a nutshell. Just to belabor the point, of course we need literature, because our students can't live by math or physics alone. Besides, teachers of literature need jobs.
But humor me for a minute and allow me to move away from the ridiculously obvious and the brain-deadeningly pedantic reasons, and return to the roots of why literature is important in the first place—in or out of the classroom, in or out of the GE program.
This will be a very short talk, and if you miss anything, don't worry—at the end of my presentation, I'll give a copy to the organizers to share with you. So you don't even need to take notes; just listen. I won't be quoting from Shakespeare, or citing any eminent scholars with hyphenated European names. Begging your indulgence, I will simply construct the argument as I would teach it in my own class, on the topic of "Why are we studying literature?"
To begin with, we're often told that like the other arts, "Literature is what makes us human." But what exactly does that mean? How does literature humanize us?
Literature relies on language, and other animals possess and command a form of language, too. Whales, monkeys, elephants, and birds communicate, presumably for the most basic things—food, sex, danger. We might even call their most basic utterances words and phrases of a kind, performing a clear and practical function. They form sequences of meaning, like saying, "There is food down there" or "I want to make a little baby with you."
This is language, but it's not literature as we know literature. Why not? Because literature requires imagination—dreaming of things beyond the immediate and the practical—and furthermore, a medium of transmission and preservation of the products of that imagination. We're told that animals can dream, but they can't record and communicate these dreams like we do.
Literature is our waking dream, a dream we describe and share through words. These dreams—these stories we make up in our minds—can teach, can delight, can disturb, can enrage, can exalt. They can remember and can therefore preserve our memories—our thoughts and feelings—as individuals and as a race.
As far as I know, no other species—nothing and no one else—can do this. Literature makes us human, because it allows us to tell stories that make sense of our lives, even stories that never happened, except in our imaginations, which also makes belief in things like Paradise possible.
Without literature, we cannot acknowledge and even talk about our inner selves, our inner lives. That's something math or physics can't do—at least not in the way of a poet or a novelist. The appreciation of beauty belongs to this realm of the imaginary, the recognition of pleasing and meaningful patterns in the seemingly abstract.
The magic of literature lies in how it deals with reality and reason through fantasy and the imagination, and approaches the truth through make-believe, or what we might call the artistic lie. Literature can make use of use of things that don't exist or things that never happened to talk about things that do—because reality is often too painful to confront directly. As one of my own teachers put it, art (or literature) is "the mirror of Perseus."
That's because—if you recall the story of the Gorgons—Perseus could kill Medusa, whose fatal gaze would have turned him to stone, only by using his shield as a mirror. Literature is that shield. By deflecting our gaze and seeming to look at other people, we are able to see the truth about ourselves, in all its harshness and unpleasantness.
At this point, I'm going to backtrack a bit so I can go deeper into another basic argument why we need literature in any curriculum. The point is no longer just to say that literature makes us human; rather, literature makes us better humans, by teaching us discernment and critical judgment.
Literature is a history of the words that have made sense of our lives. Like the Bible or the Iliad or the Noli and Fili, it shows us at our best and worst, so we can choose how we want to live—whether as individuals or as citizens or as a society.
To do that—to help us use both our reason and imagination—literature uses language, and language uses words.
Through carefully crafted stories, poems, and essays, literature shows young readers that words are supremely important in becoming a better person. This is especially true at a time when words like "friend" have been devalued by Facebook,
and "hero" by those to whom history, and honor and honesty, especially in public service, no longer mean anything.
Every entry and every post our students make on Facebook and on Twitter is a test of how well they have learned their language and literature. I'm not talking about their grammar. I'm talking about their sensibility—the way they think and express themselves, the way they deal with other people, especially people holding an adversarial opinion. How careful are they with their ideas, with their choice of words?
And it isn't so much they as we who are being tested. How well have we taught them? How deeply have we drawn on the wealth of human experience in literature to impress upon them that life is full of difficult choices and decisions, of hard struggles to be fought and won? To a generation of millennials weaned on instant gratification and on tweeting before thinking, the complexity of life can be a profound discovery.
This is the first and the most important lesson of all literature:
Words have meaning.
And because they have meaning, words have power, and words have consequences.
Words can hurt.
Words can kill.
But words can also heal.
Words can save.
Words make law.
Words make war.
Words make money.
Words make peace.
Words make nations.
Words are the songs we sing to our loved and lost ones.
Words are the prayers we lift up to the skies.
Words are the deepest secrets we confess.
Words are what we tell our children the first thing in the morning and the last thing at night.
Words are all that some of us—especially those whom we call writers—will leave behind.
Speaking of writers, seven hundred years ago, a Persian poet named Hafez wrote a short but wonderful poem:
The Sun never says
To the Earth
"You owe me."
With a love like that.
It lights up
The whole
This, my friends, is what we teachers—whether of literature or science—do with our students, with every class and every lesson we teach. We light up the sky of their minds with love—the love of ideas, of engagement with the world.
And that is why we need language and literature—not just in our GE programs, but in our lives.
Thank you all for your attention.
Posted in Art & Culture, history, Pinoys, Society, Writing	| Tagged education, language, literature, words	| 3 Replies
Penman No. 228: A Writers' Gathering in Guangzhou
Posted on December 6, 2016 by penmanila
Penman for Monday, December 5, 2016
BARELY HAD Beng and I returned from VIVA Excon in Iloilo when we found ourselves jetting off again, this time to Guangzhou, China, to attend this year's gathering of the Asia Pacific Writers and Translators (APWT), which has become one of the highlights of the literary year in the region. APWT has indeed grown into the Asia-Pacific's premier literary network, drawing its strength from the fact that it comprises and is led by practicing writers and translators rather than by academics, critics or publishers, although many members perform those functions as well.
For the past several years, APWT has held its annual meetings in various cities around the region—I've been privileged to attend recent ones in Hong Kong, Bangkok, and Perth, among others—and last year Manila was honored to host the event, led by the University of the Philippines with the assistance of De La Salle University and the University of Sto. Tomas, with support from the National Commission for Culture and the Arts.
Accompanying me in the Philippine delegation were Cristina Pantoja-Hidalgo and Ralph Semino Galan of the University of Sto. Tomas; Jun Cruz Reyes, Charlson Ong, Jeena Marquez, Randy Bustamante, and Mabek Kawsek from the University of the Philippines; and Hope Sabanpan-Yu from the University of San Carlos. (I happily paid Beng's conference fee so she could attend all the sessions, given her personal interest in translation.) It was also good to see old Manila hands like the Singapore-based Robin Hemley, the Hong Kong-based Kawika Guillermo, and New Yorkers Tim Tomlinson and his wife Deedle Rodriguez-Tomlinson, who'll be visiting Manila again soon.
This year, our conference host was Sun Yat Sen University in Guangzhou, under the stewardship of the very gracious and capable Dr. Dai Fan, a professor of linguistics and the director of the Center for Creative Writing at the School of Foreign Languages at SYSU. Her university is one of the very few places in China where creative writing courses are taught in English, so it was a perfect venue for APWT, not to mention Guangzhou's attractions and congeniality, about which I'll say more in a minute.
Revolving around the theme of "Ideas & Realities: Creative Writing in Asia Today," this year's sessions took on such practical concerns as teaching creative writing in English as a second language and networking from Asia to the rest of the world. At the same time, there was always more room for collaboration within the region. As the Australian author Nicholas Jose observed in his keynote, "Writing is a conversation that often begins with the writer's own community, including editors, publishers, reviewers, critics and other writers. For Asian and Pacific writers, this can be complicated, with borders of language and culture to be crossed, and barriers to the way work becomes available. We need to expand the conversational community. We are our own best advocates and provocateurs. We can create our own audience."
The keynotes were especially provocative and informative. Flying in from London, Qaisra Sharaz shared her writing life as a woman with multiple identities living in the West in the age of ISIS and battling Islamphobia. A crowd favorite was the US-born Australian Linda Jaivin's talk on her becoming "The Accidental Translator," a remarkable life complete with an amazing chance encounter on a Hong Kong subway train that would eventually lead her to subtitle modern Chinese classics such as Farewell My Concubine and Hero.
I was glad to moderate a session on "Creative Writing in the Academy," where panelists from Australia, the US, China, and the Philippines thankfully no longer had to deal with the age-old (and frankly stupid and annoying) question of "Can creative writing be taught?", but rather discussed the material and moral support (or the lack thereof) that writing programs received in various universities. In this context, it deserves to be noted—especially given how we Filipinos often tend to put ourselves down—that the Philippines clearly leads the region in the field, with full-blown academic programs, writing centers, and writers' workshops that go back more than half a century.
Aside from the keynotes and the sessions, the APWT meeting also featured special workshops led by experts in the field, such as Robin Hemley who guided both novices and experienced writers on an exploration of "Travel Writing in the 21st Century." Robin challenged his workshoppers thus: "How do you write about place in a way that makes the place new? How do you write about a place that's been written about many times before, Venice, for instance, or Paris? In the 21st century, who is the travel writer's audience and what are the ethical responsibilities of the travel writer? After all, writing about the most unspoiled beach in the world will surely spoil it. Travel literature is not necessarily for the leisure class but for those who wish to have a better perspective on their own sense of the world and place."
Revisiting Guangzhou was something of a sentimental journey for me, as it was here, almost 30 years ago, that I went with a posse of then-young writers that included Krip Yuson, Ricky de Ungria, Eric Gamalinda, and Timmy Lim. It was our first trip to China, and we had already visited Beijing and Shanghai before stopping by Guangzhou on our way to Hong Kong and Macau. We had stayed in what was the new White Swan Hotel along the Pearl River, and last week I took Beng there on a stroll down the length of picturesque Shamian Island (actually a sandbar on the river, with colonial buildings favored by wedding photographers).
We were told that first time that "You go to Beijing for sightseeing, to Shanghai for shopping, and to Guangzhou for eating," and that still seemed to be true—the best meal we had all week, aside from the closing Yunnan dinner, was an 11-yuan breakfast of dimsum, xiao long bao, and ma chang in a hole-in-the-wall—but it wasn't as if Guangzhou was lacking in sites worth visiting—starting with the stately, tree-lined campus of Sun Yat Sen University itself.
On our last day in the city, with our flight not leaving until 10 pm, Beng and I took off for Yuexiu Park, a public park sprawling over seven hills and three small lakes. Within this neighborhood, we explored the subterranean chambers of the mausoleum of the jade-shrouded Nanyue King, then climbed the five storeys of the centuries-old Zhenhai Tower for a marvelous view of the landscape. From that vantage point, one could think only of great literature and great art, capturing for posterity the inexorable passage of time.
Next year, APWT will move to Bali; I can hear the gamelan tinkling.
Posted in Art & Culture, Education, Friends, Fun, Travel, Writing	| Tagged APWT, China, conference, Guangzhou, literature, writers	| Leave a reply


Leeds Castle is one of the most beautiful and enchanting wedding venues in the country, a fairytale dream come true, set next to the River Len, in the heart of the Garden of England. With a history going many centuries back, and many romantic, dramatic stories caught between its walls, the venue can be yours exclusively for the big day. The magnificent castle, its sumptuous interiors, and the 500 acres of surrounding gardens and parkland are the perfect setting for the wedding of your dreams.


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Baidu, China's Autonomous Vehicle Underdog
Staff Writer	by Staff Writer 18 June 2018 15 March
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Elon Musk's Tesla is always at the top of people's minds when talking about self-driving cars. But in China, Baidu is steadily emerging as Asia's leader in the development of autonomous vehicles. As early as 2020, experts estimate Baidu to surpass international Artificial Intelligence giants like Tesla and Google.
The Android of the Auto Industry
Baidu created the Apollo project, an open-source platform designed for autonomous driving technology. Apollo is hailed as the Android of the auto industry as it allows third parties to develop apps. This generates more interest among developers and consumers. Similarly, Baidu wants Apollo to establish a democratic operating system that manufacturers and developers can freely build upon.
Baidu is the brains behind its autonomous vehicles. It entrusts its partner original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to work on hardware, marketing, branding, and customer management. Vehicles are then assembled without Baidu having to increase its research and development spending.
Collaborative Data Mining
Baidu is currently working with about 100 global partners—automotive parts suppliers, OEMs, chip manufacturers, and other tech companies. This extensive network empowers Baidu to fill in gaps in driver data from road testing and simulations. While Baidu is a frontrunner in high-definition mapping and AI, it tarries behind competitors Tesla and Waymo in driver data.
Within the Apollo platform, Baidu launched Apollo Scape, a vast open-source data set that bested its contemporaries Kitti and CityScapes. It breaks down video images pixel by pixel for granular processing. When annotated and synthesized, these images help self-driving cars discern its surroundings—from traffic lights, road signs, distances, and even weather. These autonomous cars effectively recognize complex road conditions and drive safely and accordingly.
Chinese Advantage
The Chinese government aims to be a global leader in AI by 2020. It eased regulations to accelerate AI and autonomous vehicle commercialization and to allocate more and longer roads for large-scale public-road testing. The Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology has also cited Baidu as the leader in autonomous driving.
Domestic Competition Rising
Major tech players are cropping up in China and entering the self-driving industry. Didi Chuxing, China's ride-sharing service, acquired Uber China in August 2016 and has also expanded to Mexico, Japan, Brazil, and Taiwan. Consequently, it has its own source for data with over 20 million vehicles on the road. It can also further monetize its self-driving cars through for ride-sharing, rather than directly selling to consumers.
Baidu, the Automotive AI Underdog
Alibaba, Tencent and their tech Baidu
Didi Chuxing has also built a laboratory in Mountain View, California, where it tests self-driving cars on an undisclosed capacity. It is also working with a startup to develop an all-automated taxi service. Baidu, on the other hand, has never tested in US roads.
Other Chinese leaders noted by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Alibaba and Tencent, have only recently entered the industry. In March 2017 Alibaba started working with different AI experts for its lab. Tencent also announced its self-driving tech project in November 2017, and recently obtained permission for testing in Shenzen.
Ultimately, the success of any of these companies relies on harnessing diverse driver data and creating high quality software. If Baidu is able to mobilize all of its verticals, it will easily edge out all its competitors across China.
Baidu's Bold Continued Expansion
The Company is allotting substantial capital to fund startups to work under the umbrella of the Apollo partnership alliance. The company launched the Apollo Fund in September 2017, which dedicated $1.5B for 100 autonomous driving projects well into 2020. It financed software developer Smarter Eye for $15M to focus on advanced driver assistance systems as one of its many investments.
The company has also noted a significant shift in its focus and expenses. Baidu's budget for selling, general, and administrative expenses are being divested to research and development. As they ramp up on R&D, there will be a year-on-year decrease in its SG&A expenses.
Baidu is partnering with domestic and international companies for a number of initiatives. It focuses on vehicle testing with various autonomy levels, self-driving vehicles for disabled and challenged seniors, and autonomous tourist buses, among others.
The realm of autonomous driving continually expands as more partnerships and collaborations develop, and the applications of autonomy are outlined for commercial consumption. With a strong support from the Chinese government and its network of collaborators, Baidu is advancing as an Asian trailblazer that is set to make its mark in the global autonomous transportation landscape.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Our culture underpins everything we do, ensuring all our people are commercially astute, delivery focused, empowered, entrepreneurial and committed to building long-term working partnerships.
Our values are at the very core of our organisation, centred around our working relationships with both internal and external stakeholders.
Our values are rooted in the belief that developing relationships is critical to the success of our organisation.
As we believe that development is about more than just technical ability, we focus on four key areas when developing our leaders across the business. This is underpinned by driving accountability, empowering everyone within the organisation to take responsibility for their own, and their team's, development.
Accountability drives individual thinking and innovative solutions and as a result, we create great leaders that embody Global Energy Group's values.
As a truly entrepreneurial business, Global Energy Group takes pride in intuitively reacting to the needs of our clients and the industries in which we operate.
Developing leaders at all levels, who embrace accountability for the future of our organisation, we encourage everyone to understand our business, our markets and to spot opportunities to explore new and innovative solutions for us and our clients.
Our leaders know our business, are customer-focused and implicitly understand the industry's need for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
We encourage our people to increase their commercial awareness and empower them to explore innovative structures and partnerships which deliver benefit to our customers whilst also unlocking potential in their own area of the business and for the wider organisation.
At Global Energy Group we are driven by delivery in all areas of the organisation. At an operational level we strive for continuous improvement by fostering a culture of accountability across the business and continuously developing our people.


We love caned pieces. Why? We know they'll look killer with zebra. These beautifully sweet armchairs are no exception. Plus the rounded back and down-filled zebra cushion make for an incredibly comfortable seat. Be sure to lift up the cushion and take a peek at the zebra detailing on the seat. Craftsmanship is art.


Hello and Happy "Almost Friday"! At the end of 2008 I did a posting on my favorite low calorie foods, as well as my favorite low calorie recipes, but I didn't get a chance to post about my favorite healthy snacks! Given the length of my current low calorie snack list (which lists all the snacks I've blogged about give or take a few), I thought it would be worth a quick post featuring some my current favorite snacks categorized by what store you can find them in since I know different people have access to different grocery stores (Trader Joe's, Whole Foods, and regular/typical supermarkets).
Low Calorie "Cheez-It" Crackers: The fabulous people at Ian's created delicious little 100 calorie pouches of *organic* and *all natural* cheddar crackers that look and taste just like cheez-its! Technically they are marketed to kids, but I think they are also marketed to those (like me) who have a kid inside of us that wants to eat crackers like these. Plus a picture of cartoon animal on the front of a box never stopped me from eating something. :) A pouch of these crackers is 100 calories, 4.5 grams of fat, 2 grams of fiber, and 2 grams of protein (so 2 weight watchers points).
Figamajigs Bite Sized Candies: Figamajigs not only makes yummy chocolate fig bars (which I blogged about previously), but they also make a pretty low calorie fig candy that is a great, all-natural, healthier substitute for candies like M&Ms. These figamajig candies come in a few flavors, some candy coated, some not, including: dark chocolate, dark chocolate with candy coating, mint flavor, and mint flavor with candy coating. My favorite by far is the mint flavored candy coated (which is pictured)!
Fage Yogurt: Do you love thick, creamy, yogurt? If the answer is yes, you have to try Fage! It is one of the thickest, creamiest, healthy desserts / low calorie snacks that exists (that I have found). Fage yogurt comes in different varieties. My favorite (for dieting) is the 0%, which provides a whopping 5.3 ounces of creamy delight for merely 80 calories (2 WW points). Fage also comes in a 2% variety (make sure you purchase the one with the calories you desire), which you can buy packaged with small sides of fruit, for a point more.
Lesser Evil Flavored Popcorn: For most people dieting or trying to eat healthy, popcorn is a great snack, but usually not flavored popcorn. In fact, as a kid, I used to love eating candied popcorn, but as an adult trying to eat healthy and watch my weight, I didn't think I would ever be able to eat anything like it again. That was, until I spotted "Lesser Evil" (meaning it does not have "evil" ingredients like high fructose corn syrup, artificial stuff, or hydrogenated oils) popcorn in the chips and popcorn aisle at Whole Foods. Lesser Evil was right on target for me, with only 120 calories & 2 WW points for all four flavors (per 30 gram serving). Yay!
Attune Probiotic Bars: Attune chocolate bars taste a lot like regular candy bars, in fact they are a close substitute to a Nestle's crunch bar. Unfortunately for us, each bar is more petite than a Nestle's crunch, but the Attune bars are still an impressive, filling size, especially considering how yummy they are. The Attune chocolate bars come in 4 delicious all-natural, gluten-free flavors: Chocolate Crisp, Dark Chocolate (my personal favorite, which is also vegan by the way), Mint Chocolate, and Blueberry Vanilla (made with delicious White Chocolate).
Fiberful Bars: I was thrilled when I came across these super-delicious fiber-enriched fruit bars at Trader Joe's, which, with 60 calories and 6 grams of fiber, cost 0 WW points to eat! These fruit leathers are quite big in size (20g), and they come in a wide variety of tasty flavors such as apricot, mixed berry (my personal favorite), boysenberry, and strawberry. Sometimes I'll eat one of these fruity treats before I go out to a restaurant to curb my hunger, which makes me less tempted to order something really bad for my diet when dining out.
Trader Joes Chocolate Wedges: A few years ago, I discovered these amazing chocolate wedges called "The Chocolate Traveler" at my local Trader Joe's (with amazing nutritional info). These one-serving sized chocolate wedges are a gift to those of us who love chocolate, but strive to eat it in moderation. Each wedge is a bit over 30 calories (1 WW point), and is big enough to satisfy your chocolate or sweet craving. I have a deal with myself where I only eat one a day.
Wasabi Peas: Wasabi Peas are commonly found in bars and at parties, but what you might not know about them is that they actually make a pretty smart, low calorie snack. What I personally love about them is how incredibly spicy and wasabi-y they are (I love Japanese food!). They also have tons of crunch which, as you know, is something I look for. Another great thing about wasabi peas is that they are very difficult to overeat because of their extremely strong wasabi flavor. Not only can you only eat one or two at a time, but they are also *not* the kind of snack where you will accidentally eat the whole bag (the spiciness would make most people sick).
Dried Fruit: In general, dried fruit is a great choice when it comes to snacking. It is tasty (very sweet if you like sweet things) and it also contains healthy fiber and nutrients. Eating dried fruit is much smarter than reaching for something starchy like a bagel, or some of the other items you might find in an average vending machine. Sensible foods makes wonderful pouches of dried fruit that make a great filling & healthy snack, without costing you tons of calories.
Hummus and Pita: I eat hummus and pita for lunch all the time on the weekend. My favorite thing to do is to toast the pita so that it gets crunchy. Then I open it up and spread the hummus inside of the pocket. It keeps lunch from being messy, and it warms the hummus which I think is so wonderful! Sometimes I sneak some low fat cheese in there too, to make it more like a sandwich. Hummus and pita also makes a great late afternoon snack!
Apples: So, why are apples so good for us? Well, there are many reasons! Apples are a great source of fiber in the form of pectin, as well as a great source of antioxidants. The fiber helps cleanse our bowels and encourages good colon heath. Apples are also believed to help lower your bad cholesterol, reduce the risk of cancer, slow down our aging (my favorite benefit!) by lessening the effects of stress, diabetes, and heart disease, and help prevent hair loss. You can also put the apples in a microwave to create a warm cinnamon apple treat.
Low Calorie Pistachio Nuts: These yummy little pistachios make for an awesome afternoon snack. They are healthy (full of fiber and antioxidants), filling (they contain both fiber and protein), fun to eat, and tasty! Pistachios are one of my favorite nuts to snack on. Shelling each one takes time so it takes a bit of time to eat a handful of them (which I actually like since it keeps me from eating too many)!
Low Calorie Turkey Pepperoni: Since pepperoni derives its flavor from the spices and not the mystery meat it's made of, the turkey version tastes exactly the same as any other pepperoni. As you can see from the picture, however, it has 70% less fat than regular pepperoni. That adds up to 50% fewer calories per serving. Sometimes I eat a few turkey pepperoni when I come after a long day at work since they are so high in protein!
Edamame: I love eating edamame (it is high in protein, as well as vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium and iron), although I usually avoid ordering it at a Japanese restaurant because it is so expensive. The price is really pretty ridiculous considering how easy it is to buy and make edamame on your own at home! Also, when you make edamame at home, you can control the salt content, which is a huge added benefit to anyone watching their salt intake.
Thanks for taking the time to share this extensive list. Some of them I already enjoy. Others I just can't wait to sink my teeth into!!
1.White organic popcorn cooked on the stove wo oil, but slightly burned...and lots of half popped kernels. Strangely delish.
2.Carrot sticks, cherry tomatoes and a babybel..feels so peckish and tasty.
3.Powdered pb on a wasa crisp.
4.Half a section of a pommelo fruit.
great list! as of right now my favorite low cal snack is sliced, raw zucchini with edamame hummus from Trader Joes.
We have a lot of the same favorites! I also love Laughing Cow Cheese wedges and cubes on anything and everything!
great summary of 2008 favorites!!!
I'm with you on the Fage, Wasabi Peas, Apples, Edamame. I had the BEST Edamame dish in FL earlier this week.
Fage is a gift from the gods.
Kashi GoLean cereal--who says it's just for breakfast? It's chock-full of potassium, protein, and fiber too! Sprinkled on yogurt, splashed with milk...gaaaah.
Trader Joe's Very Chocolate Merengues--no nutritional value at all, but you can eat 12 or 13 of 'em for around 120 calories. And they are good!
Trader Joe's Organic Light String Cheese--60 calories a pop and quite tasty.
Angels sing when these prophecized lovers meet.
Many of my favorites are right here on your list. I snack on the non-fat Greek yogurt every day and I *love* the turkey pepperoni. Have you tried crisping it in the microwave? It makes a great chip to dip in hummus. Yummy! I'm a big fan of edamame too.
Great low calorie snacks! I love TJ's!!!!
Nice list. The chocolate wedges look great! And I love apples, edamame, and hummus with pita.
Cereal is my favorite snack, but I often overdo it!
But your list is awesome! Love it!
Have a baked potato with salsa or chili! Great Low calorie Dinner. And steam vegies are also good. I Like to make big stir fry's and skip the rice.


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A mix of clouds and sun with gusty winds. High 29F. Winds WNW at 25 to 35 mph. Winds could occasionally gust over 50 mph..
A few passing clouds. Low 14F. W winds at 15 to 25 mph, decreasing to 5 to 10 mph.
FILE - Boston Red Sox starting pitcher Jon Lester acknowledges the crowd as he leaves the game during the eighth inning of Game 1 of baseball's World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2013, in Boston. Lester, a durable left-hander who won three World Series titles during 16 years in the majors, has announced his retirement. Lester, who turned 38 on Friday, Jan. 7, 2022, finishes with a 200-117 record and a 3.66 ERA in 452 career games, including 451 starts. He also has been a reliable postseason performer, compiling a 2.51 ERA in 26 appearances. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip, File)
David J. Phillip
Former Cubs, Red Sox pitcher Jon Lester announces retirement
CHICAGO (AP) — Jon Lester, a durable left-hander who won three World Series titles during 16 years in the majors, has announced his retirement.
Lester, who turned 38 on Friday, finishes with a 200-117 record and a 3.66 ERA in 452 career games, including 451 starts. He also has been a reliable postseason performer, compiling a 2.51 ERA in 26 appearances.
The 6-foot-4 Lester helped Boston win the championship in 2007 and 2013, and led the Chicago Cubs to the title in 2016. The championship for the Cubs was the franchise's first since 1908.
"It's kind of run its course," Lester told ESPN. "It's getting harder for me physically. The little things that come up throughout the year turned into bigger things that hinder your performance.
"I'd like to think I'm a halfway decent self-evaluator. I don't want someone else telling me I can't do this anymore. I want to be able to hand my jersey over and say, 'Thank you, it's been fun.' That's probably the biggest deciding factor."
Lester was selected by Boston in the second round of the 2002 amateur draft. The five-time All-Star broke into the majors with the Red Sox in 2006, going 7-2 with a 4.76 ERA in 15 starts.
Lester's first big league season was cut short when he was diagnosed with a rare form of lymphoma. He underwent chemotherapy and returned to the majors in July 2007, helping the Red Sox to the AL East title by going 4-0 with a 4.57 ERA in 12 games down the stretch.
Lester then delivered in the postseason, pitching 5 2/3 scoreless innings in Boston's clinching 4-3 victory over Colorado in Game 4 of the World Series.
Lester signed a $155 million, six-year contract with Chicago after the 2014 season. He shared NLCS MVP honors with Javier Báez on the way to the Cubs' historic championship in 2016.
Lester got his 200th career win when he pitched six effective innings for St. Louis in a 5-2 victory at Milwaukee on Sept. 20.
More AP MLB: https://apnews.com/hub/mlb and https://twitter.com/AP_Sports
Artist Battles Growing Mental Health Crisis with New Hit Single
Vaccine requirement takes hold in Boston's bars, restaurants
Fire destroys motel, buildings in Massachusetts beach town
Patriots, Jones end season with a dud in loss to Bills
Bill would allow adoption of younger sibling, uncle or aunt
NHL pioneer O'Ree says having Bruins retire jersey an honor


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Posted inHousing
Push For Zoning Reform, Affordable Housing Meets Opposition
by Kristina Vakhman March 15, 2021, 2:00 pm April 8, 2021, 10:09 am
House Majority Leader Jason Rojas (CTNewsJunkie file photo)
The fight for more affordable housing in Connecticut's wealthier neighborhoods has been a long one for advocates, and legislators are now looking to tackle the issue through a slew of bills to change local zoning laws.
"We are a segregated state," House Majority Leader Jason Rojas said last week."This is about giving people choice and the opportunity to make decisions for themselves about how to improve outcomes for their families, their children and their lives."
During a public hearing Monday, proponents of reform supported Senate Bill 1024 and House Bill 6611, which they say will promote the creation of affordable housing in towns that lack it and therefore diversify the racial make-up of those municipalities. A whopping 340 people signed up to testify on the bills.
Click above to vote on SB 1024: AN ACT CONCERNING ZONING AUTHORITY, CERTAIN DESIGN GUIDELINES, QUALIFICATIONS OF CERTAIN LAND USE OFFICIALS AND CERTAIN SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
Senate Bill 1024 would institute sweeping zoning reform by requiring towns with more than 7,500 residents to build an adequate number of affordable multifamily housing units, as well as housing near transit stations and in commercial corridors.
Click above to vote on HB 6611: AN ACT CONCERNING A NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND OTHER POLICIES REGARDING AFFORDABLE HOUSING AND DEVELOPMENT
House Bill 6611 aims to aid and require municipalities to plan and zone to have enough affordable housing. The legislation is based on the concept of "fair share housing," a methodology that determines the need for affordable housing for each town individually.
"It's eliminating some barriers in a thoughtful way," Sen. Derek Slap, D-West Hartford, said of Senate Bill 1024. "We know from the history where these zoning regulations in many cases came from. It will inherently create more diverse communities."
The data shows that Connecticut is one of the most geographically segregated states in the country. The institutional barriers date back to the Depression Era, when Black and Hispanic communities were packed into urban centers through redlining and barred from buying homes in white neighborhoods.
Sen. Derek Slap
These areas were then graded as "undesirable" zones by the federal government and denied critical funding for education, infrastructure and more.
The systemic segregation has persisted to this day and has led to towns like Glastonbury, Farmington and Avon being over 80% white, according to 2019 census data. Neighborhoods that are primarily white historically tend to have the best schools, less crime and more job prospects because of decades of better accessibility to resources and funding.
Lower-income families want to live in these areas, according to Eric Santini, who is the president and chairman of the Home Builders & Remodelers Association.
"The demand is real. We have long waiting lists," he said.
Advocates say the bills will generate billions of dollars in income for Connecticut residents and taxes for state and local governments, and encourage sustainability and generational wealth. They point to New Jersey, which has produced thousands of units after the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled in 2017 that communities must build affordable housing for low-income and poor families.
But even with the promising precedent, the opposition remains strong. Critics argue that legislation like Senate Bill 1024 and House Bill 6611 are an attack on municipalities' local control of their planning and zoning laws.
Elizabeth Gara, executive director of the Connecticut Council of Small Towns, said they support the goal of affordable housing but they legislation will have unintended consequences.
"Small towns are very concerned about legislation that would override local zoning laws and mandate that towns permit affordable housing as-of-right," Gara said.
Gara said small towns worry about the demand on resources.
"A one-size-fits-all state mandated approach to affordable housing is simply not workable," Gara said. "Housing and other development is severely limited in areas where there are no public sewers or water supplies. In addition, fast track as-of-right approvals don't provide towns with the opportunity to fully consider how developments may impact traffic safety, parking issues, wastewater capacity, and other public health and safety issues."
Sen. Tony Hwang, R-Fairfield, said that Senate Bill 1024 would effectively eliminate towns' voices in their zoning, referencing a section in the bill that says noncompliant regulation by municipalities will be invalid
"I read that as a state telling our local municipalities that if you don't follow it, your local regulations are null and void," Hwang said.
Opponents also say that only local planning and zoning committees can determine how more multifamily housing would affect them with factors like school and emergency service capacity.
"There is no opportunity for public input on whether or not the schools have capacity and whether or not emergency services have capacity for the increased size," said Rep. Tami Zawistowski, R-East Granby.
Hartford Mayor Luke Bronin
Still, proponents counter that the benefits will be long-term. Hartford Mayor Luke Bronin said the town has seen a burst in residential diversity and vibrancy since passing zoning laws similar to what is proposed in Senate Bill 1024.
"Our state suffers from housing diversity and we have an opportunity as a state to make progress to address that deficiency," Bronin said.
CORRECTION: The original version of this article reported the wrong title for Eric Santini, who is the president and chairman of the Home Builders & Remodelers Association.
Tagged: 2021hb-6611, 2021sb-1024, 600p, affordable housing, COST, Derek Slap, Elizabeth Gara, Kristina Vakham, local zoning, Luke Bronin, planning and development committee, Tony Hwang


Frigid temperatures, pressurized air, and lots of water; all the things needed to produce snow when the weather is not cooperating. By forcing water and pressurized air through a "snow gun," or "snow cannon", ski slopes locally and around the world can be covered by man-made snow. Snowmaking is mainly used at ski resorts to supplement natural snow. This allows them to improve snow coverage on certain trails and to extend their season from late autumn to early spring.
The production of snow requires freezing temperatures. Wet bulb temperature (the lowest temperature that can be achieved by evaporative cooling of a water-wetted or even ice-covered, ventilated surface) is used as the standard since it takes air temperature and relative humidity into account. Some limitations do apply. Snowmaking is a relatively expensive process in its energy use, also water is in great demand and is usually pulled from run-off ponds. In drought years, it is not unusual to run out of water before the real snow arrives.
Art Hunt, Dave Richey, and Wayne Pierce invented the snow cannon in 1950. Wayne Pierce was a ski manufacturer in the 1940s, along with his two partners, Art Hunt and Dave Richey. All three formed the Tey Manufacturing Company of Milford, Connecticut in 1947 and sold a new ski design—an aluminum metal ski with a hollow interior and three layers of metal bonded together. Two years later, the company was hit hard by a winter without snow, which caused an obvious slump in ski sales.
With such a major problem at hand, Wayne Pierce came up with a solution. On March 14, 1950, he arrived at work and exclaimed, "I know how to make snow!". He had the idea to blow water droplets through freezing air, causing the water to turn into snowflakes. Using a paint spray compressor, a nozzle and some garden hose, Pierce, and his partners invented the machine that made snow.
In 1952, Mohawk Mountain Ski Area in Connecticut became the first in the world to use man-made snow by implementing Tey Manufacturing's invention. The company didn't make snow for long, however. The three partners sold Tey Manufacturing and the snowmaking machine's patent rights to the Emhart Corporation in 1956.
Since 1952, research and development of snowmaking technology have provided great strides in the industry. These are the machines in use today.
Internal mixing guns. Water and air are mixed together in a chamber and forced through jets into the air, descending as snow. These guns are typically low to the ground, on a stand and require a lot of air to compensate for the short time the water is airborne. Some newer versions are taller and use much less air because of the increased time to the ground. The amount of water flow determines the type of snow that is to be made and is controlled by an adjustable water valve.
External mixing guns spray water from a nozzle as a stream while other nozzles shoot air through the water stream to break it up into water particles. Internal nucleators help create a nucleus for the water droplets to bond to as they freeze. External mixing guns typically rely on a longer hang time to freeze the snow. This allows for much less air use. High water pressure is a necessity to operate this machinery correctly, so the water supply is opened completely, though in some the flow can be regulated by valves on the gun.
Fan Guns are different from all other snowmaking guns because they require a power supply to engage a fan as well as an onboard air compressor. Compressed air and water are forced out of the gun's drum through an array of nozzles (there are several different arrangements). Fan guns have anywhere from 12 to 360 water nozzles on a ring on the front of the gun's drum. The fan blows air through the drum to create a mist, which then crystalizes from its long hang time, due to the force of the fan.
Snow Lances can be up to 12 meters long and are vertically inclined aluminum tubes. At the head of each lance is placed a water and/or air nucleator. Air is blown into the atomized water at the outlet from the water nozzle. The compressed air expands and cools, creating ice nuclei on which crystallization of the atomized water takes place. Due to height and the slow rate of descent, there is enough time to complete crystallization. This process uses less energy than a fan gun but has a smaller range and lower snow quality.
Snowmaking has achieved greater efficiency with increasing complexity. Traditionally, snowmaking quality depended upon the skill of the equipment operator. Today, computer control helps optimize that skill with greater precision, such that a snow gun only operates when snowmaking conditions are optimal.
Editor's Note: At this writing, we are still looking for Mother Nature's great holiday snow dump, and are total believers that we will be enjoying it by the time this article is in print!
When it comes to measuring snow and precipitation, Donner Summit offers the gold standard in California. The measuring year begins on October 1 and ends September 30, with statistics going back into the 19th century. Thankfully, someone decided early, that it might be important to keep track!
Located at Donner Pass in the Sierra Nevada, the Central Sierra Snow Laboratory (CSSL) is a research field station of the University of California, Berkeley specializing in snow physics, snow hydrology, meteorology, climatology, and instrument design. Built in 1946 by the (then) U.S. Weather Bureau and Army Corps of Engineers, it is administered by UC Berkeley's California Biodiversity Center.
CSSL has a close to complete and consistent record of precipitation, snowfall, snow depth, and air temperature for the periods of 1946-1952 and 1957 to the present. The Lab also has long-term data sets on wind speed and direction, solar radiation, snow temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture. In addition, precipitation and air temperature records from other locations on Donner Summit are available.
Our thanks to staff member Randall Osterhuber, for sending along the updated chart for our readers. It becomes a tradition creating excitement for the new snow, upcoming holidays and another wondrous ski season in the Sierra.
If you think the earth is shaking below you — you may be right. In the Lake Tahoe-Truckee region the Sierra Nevada mountain range is moving northwest with the North American Tectonic Plate, about one half-inch per year. This movement is paired with its transform plate boundary: the Pacific Tectonic Plate, moving southeast about 2-3 inches per year. Most of us know that when the plates grind together, the fault lines in certain areas begin to crack and fissure farther. But it does not occur all at once.
A local series of earthquakes caused by the earth's crust movement is known as an earthquake swarm. Recently, earthquake swarms have become commonplace for the Sierra Nevada. In August 2008, Mogul, a suburb west of Reno, was hit with weeks of small-magnitude quakes, which surrounded a 5.0 temblor and caused around $1,000,000 of damage. In July 2014, a swarm in the northwest region of Nevada, near the Oregon/California border, again lasted weeks with a total of around 800 quakes. The two largest measured 4.7 magnitude. This swarm fortunately occurred in a low population area and didn't cause sizable damage.
The Truckee area is in a very active fault zone. On June 27 – 29 of this year, Truckee experienced an earthquake swarm which surrounded a 4.0 magnitude quake. Most of these temblors occurred on the intersection of the Polaris Fault and the Dog Valley Fault. (See diagram.) Twenty-eight small quakes were recorded on just June 27, while the largest hit at 2:09 a.m. that day.
A possible cause of the swarms in our area may be more than just tectonic plates moving. Some researchers believe it may also be due to the epic amount of water added to the ground water table in the Sierra Nevada, after last winter. "Hydrological changes do not need to be sudden or large to change the water pressure in a fault zone. As aquifers are depleted for irrigation, the water table slowly drops, which may also trigger earthquakes. It is thus unsurprising that extreme rainfall events might also encourage earthquakes," stated Gillian Foulger, Professor of Geophysics, Jon Gluyas, and Miles Wilson, Ph.D. student in the Department of Earth Sciences; all of Durham University in England. In essence, the added ground water works as a lubricant for earth movement. Researchers have also seen increased fault movement with snowmelt in late spring and into summer in countries other than the United States.
A second possibility for earthquake swarms is also related to water. Earthquake trigger studies have been done measuring the depression of soil caused by water content during winter months; called seasonal water loading. In a typical winter, the soil may condense to about one centimeter. The trouble begins when the soil starts to dry out and expand: rebounds that cause stress on the faults leading to upticks in small magnitude earthquakes regionally. "It's not like we're seeing an earthquake season, but the timing of this water unloading is when we're (historically) getting more earthquakes," said Chris Johnson, a graduate student at the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory.
It seems we also don't know how many factors are at play when an earthquake occurs, but the research continues.
What Is The Amgen Tour De California?
Two stages in The Tahoe Area. (below are the stage maps).
Below are Pictures of the riders descending Kingsbury Grade in the last leg of Stage 2.
1. A low-pressure system, warmer air, is pushed down towards the earth's surface, while a high-pressure system, cooler air, moves over and traps the warmer air; this is most common after a storm.
2. The air near the ground rapidly loses its heat on a clear night. In this situation, the ground becomes cooled quickly while the air above it retains the heat the ground was holding during the day.
3. Topography can also play a role in creating a temperature inversion. Cold air can flow from mountain peaks down into valleys. This cold air then pushes under the warmer air rising from the valley, creating the inversion. Inversions can also form in areas with significant snow cover because the snow at ground level is cold and its white color reflects almost all heat coming in. This means the air above the snow is often warmer because it holds the reflected energy.
In and around the Tahoe Basin, this can happen usually after storms and is evident in local valleys on a small and large scale. You can see examples of this when you drive on Highway 267 from Truckee to Northstar in the early morning. There is usually fog low to the ground in the surrounding Martis Valley. On a larger scale, Reno, Nevada in the Truckee Meadows is constantly experiencing inversion layers over the city. This occurs in the weeks after a winter storm or when cold air from the Sierra crest settles in and pushes the warm air up, causing the inversion. This can mean clouds and no direct sunlight from days to weeks!
Directly: the buildup of moisture due to the inversion layer can cause early morning fog on your way to work or that pesky frost you must scrape off your windshield of the car before even beginning your commute.
Indirectly: An atmospheric stabilization can lead to a concentrate of pollutants like car exhaust and wood fireplace smoke. Long periods of an inversion layer can cause thick smog to form in the Lake Tahoe Basin and Truckee Meadows. Trapped smog can cause winter allergies and make existing asthma symptoms worse. Studies have shown that increases in particle pollution in the air, like those from fossil fuels, lead to more hospitalizations for children who have asthma.
What's a Kid (AdultsToo…) To Do?
Go skiing, sledding, hiking, snowshoeing or any other outdoor activity at higher elevations. Get above the clouds to breath in the fresh air. Your lungs will love you for it.
What if I told you that you have been lied to for years? Well its true. Bears aren't hibernators they enter torpor instead. Torpor is the short-term reduction of body temperature (for bears, up to 100 days). Torpor is controlled by ambient temperature and food availability or, in a bear's case, energy stores. Torpor allows a bear to regain consciousness in a matter of seconds and be ready for action (running, attacking, eating, etc). For animals in hibernation, on the other hand, it may take hours to days, to gain back the energy they had before they began their long sleep.
How do Bears Survive During Torpor?
Bears prepare their dens well before they need them and rarely use the same den two years in a row. Once they settle down for the cold months, their bodily functions change greatly. The flow of blood becomes concentrated to the heart, lungs and brain. The bear is then further protected from the cold by their fur and up to four-inches of fat under the skin. The digestive system shuts down while asleep as no water or food is entering and waste is not exiting. The bear still needs sustenance every day consisting of water, protein and 4,000 calories. The animal's energy stores provide this through its own metabolic system. Fat is broken down into calories and water, and muscle is broken down into protein and Nitrogen Urea. Nitrogen Urea is normally highly toxic in an animal's system but a bear's metabolic system recycles this through the liver and kidneys to produce amino acids. Those attach themselves to muscle tissue and are broken down into protein yet again.
What can Wake a Bear from Torpor?
A bear's torpor is a lethargic state in which it can awaken from in just seconds. Loud noises such as trees falling, avalanche blasting caps or even a garbage truck can wake a bear from torpor. Here in Tahoe and Truckee we have bears that do not to enter torpor at all and roam our neighborhoods looking for food all winter long. Our civilization in their habitat has changed the way they expect food and thus changed their torpor and breeding patterns.
I have recently seen a few bears in a couple of neighborhoods in South Lake Tahoe and Stateline. At this time of year, they are desperately looking for a den and food. Remember to always put your trash in a secure location: bear box, your garage, or indoors. Remember also to double check that you have secured your doors and windows. As for wilderness areas, just be cautious. For those of you who go out and cut your own Christmas tree with a permit, be loud and aware in your surroundings to avoid surprising a bear. If you see a bear in a populated area this season don't approach it; it is probably hungry and defensive. You can always call #911 in an emergency or the Tahoe Bear League 24/7, at (530) 525-7297. Also, visit their website to learn more about their amazing organization, http://www.savebears.org/.


Born to please men, Sempia believes her fate is sealed. She never dreamed her childhood sweetheart would resurface in her hour of need. Now a seasoned warrior, Eterin is nothing like the boy she remembers—he's all man and wants to possess her at all costs. But much has changed in the years they've been apart. Eterin has a new man in his life—one who wants to share them both. Sempia finds herself at the mercy of two incredibly hot intergalactic outlaws who are dangerously close to stealing her heart.
A pinch of fantasy, a dash of paranormal and a lot of spice!


« Running in the U.S.
Japan Day is an event held at the Bechtel International Center at Stanford University on Saturday, May 8 by Stanford Japanese Association (SJA) and Stanford University Nikkei (SUN). Since I was interested in what was going on in the event but had little time to enjoy it on that day, I just dropped by after lunch, and walked around to look at some demonstrations.
There were several corners for presenting Japanese culture. Out of them, the tea ceremony seemed to be the most popular. Two Japanese women wearing traditional garment, kimonos, demonstrated how to make and have Japanese tea in a formal way. In addition, some Japanese people tried to teach how to write Japanese calligraphy, shodo, and how to do Japanese paper folding, origami. Just being there for about ten minutes, I was struck by a sense of nostalgia.
Two Japanese women demonstrating how to make and have Japanese tea.
Some ornaments for the Boy's Festival in Japan.
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(This is the conclusion of an article on the Potter foundry).
When D.M. Potter resumed operating the Elora foundry under his own name (around 1884), the business was no longer a major Elora industry. The buildings were set up for manufacturing, but Potter made only a halfhearted attempt to sell new implements. The payroll was down to a handful of men, and the majority of the income came from repair work.
Potter himself was back on the shop floor. He was a skilled machinist, and over the previous two decades had secured several patents for his innovations.
At its peak, the business had required a wide range of skilled labour: moulders, foundrymen, mechanics, machinists, blacksmiths, painters and woodworkers (because wood was still a major component of many farm implements).
As the foundry scaled down its operations, these skilled men drifted away from Elora to seek more reliable employment elsewhere.
To supplement the income of the business, Potter bought a secondhand machine to turn out cedar shingles. For a while, he operated a lumberyard and sawmill at the foundry, putting the woodworking equipment to good use.
By now, his son Alex, trained as a machinist, was involved in the business, but the problems were not over. In 1885, a fire destroyed most of the oldest buildings (those closest to the river). Three months later, Potter was bankrupt for the second time.
Potter was not to be counted out. The foundry was back in business in the late 1880s. Then, in 1890, he harnessed himself to something new: electricity. The Potter and Cone Electrical Manufacturing Co. was set up to install electric-lighting systems in mills and factories. There was already a secondhand market for electrical equipment at this early date, and the mysterious Mr. Cone acquired this equipment, cleaned and repaired it in the old foundry, and assembled it into systems that would work sufficiently well to illuminate a string of light bulbs.
This business lasted until Mr. Cone disappeared permanently in 1892, leaving a pile of unpaid bills. One of the creditors was John Connon, the future Elora historian, who had worked as an electrician and installer for the firm. D.M. Potter was bankrupt again.
While Potter was sorting out his finances, he began a part-time business as a beekeeper. His wife, Betsy, became the nominal head of the firm. A chopping mill was installed in the foundry, and grain was chopped into feed for farmers at four cents per bag.
The foundry and machine shop continued in operation through all this, though by now much of the work was actually being done by sons Alex and David. A cider press was designed and manufactured, and the firm offered to repair virtually anything mechanical.
Prospects actually looked good in 1896; some renovations were made to the facilities and a new water turbine was installed. Unfortunately, Potter had overextended himself again, and the operation closed down in 1898.
Potter was now 73 years old, but he showed no inclination to retire. He made one last effort to revive the foundry in 1901 - turning out a few plows, and making repairs - for a few months. This was the last gasp of the Elora foundry. Potter's younger brother John, meanwhile, had pursued an equally interesting career, though fewer details are known. He was a traveling agent for the Elora Agricultural Machine Co., and operated a sawmill in Elora on at least three separate occasions.
For a while, he ran a lumbering operation in Luther Township when that area was first cleared. At other times, he was a produce agent in Elora, and for several years he resided in Brooklyn, New York, presumably trying to outfox the Yankees. When all else failed, he acted as manager of the foundry; he was, after all, trained as a foundryman.
After the foundry failed for the last time, the Potter brothers finally gave up on Elora. D.M. Potter sold the foundry buildings to John C. Mundell, and the brothers headed for Saskatchewan to seek fresh business opportunities. Both were in their mid-70s.
John Potter died in Weyburn, Saskatchewan in 1912; D.M. Potter returned to Elora and died here in 1909. Some Elora oldtimers may recall D.M.'s son, Captain John Potter.
The Potters were easily Elora's most persistent entrepreneurs. Both were intelligent, resourceful men.
Their fate would eventually be shared by other Elora industries and much of small-town industry everywhere: they lacked the technological and financial resources to compete in a market that was becoming dominated by large firms and more complex products.
A development during the 1920s was significant to the Potter Foundry building: the popularity of the Kiddie Kar.
In 1916 John C. Mundell, who had purchased the Potter property in 1911 and was using the buildings for storage, secured the Canadian rights to manufacture the Kiddie Kar, a small wooden tricycle for young children.
The old Potter Foundry building was fitted up for this production and the name has stuck to the building ever since. The Kiddie Kar was so popular that production was increased in 1926.
Mundell purchased the woodworking equipment of the former Raymond Sewing Machine Co. in Guelph for use in the Kiddie Kar factory. Power was provided by a separate boiler room and engine. Thomas Q. Biggar, former proprietor of the Commercial Hotel, was for a time a salesman for the Kiddie Kar.
The old Kiddie Kar factory, originally built to assemble agricultural implements in the 1870s, is a crumbling ruin.
It is all that is left of what was once Elora's largest industry.
*This column was originally published in the Elora Sentinel on Feb. 19, 1991 (additional material was added from columns published in the Sentinel on Jan. 29 and Nov. 19, 1991).


text:
Topics/Previous Posts
Wolters Kluwer Legal Education
Philip G. Schrag
We asked Philip G. Schrag, Director, Center for Applied Legal Studies and Delaney Family Professor of Public Interest Law at Georgetown University Law Center, what has inspired and motivated him throughout his career. This author spotlight gives a glimpse into his passions and what brought him to where he is today.
What or who motivated you to study law?
[PGS] I strive for a world that is always moving toward peace, tolerance, and greater equality. In college I realized that law is the arena in which people are constantly pushing for or against these goals, whether through legislation, administrative action (or inaction) or judicial decisions.
Did you have a favorite professor in law school? If so, who was the person and what made them stand out?
[PGS] Charles Black was my most inspiring law school teacher. He asked deep questions, and in his spare time he volunteered to work on cases for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, the legal staff of which I joined when I graduated from law school. A few years later, I had the great pleasure of working with him as a colleague in an unsuccessful effort to persuade Congress to authorize federal courts to hear consumer class actions in which the amount of the claim, when aggregated, met the jurisdictional limit for diversity cases.
What law school course did you enjoy the most?
[PGS] There were two: Constitutional law, taught by Charles Black, and Legal Journalism, taught by Fred Rodell. I never taught or wrote about constitutional law, but the legal journalism course has probably influenced everything I write, even for law reviews.
What are your primary areas of writing and teaching? What fascinates you about these areas of law?
[PGS] I have written about many topics, but the unifying framework is public interest law. Aside from the casebook Ethical Problems in the Practice of Law, most of my writing during the last decade has been about asylum law and particularly asylum adjudication. I've written or co-authored four books on asylum and am currently working on a book on the legal efforts to challenge the federal government's detention of immigrant children.
Do (or did) you have a mentor, or someone that has inspired or encouraged you in your writing or teaching?
[PGS] The first person to encourage my writing was my 8th grade teacher, Mrs. Costello. Prodded by her, I entered Junior Scholastic's national short story writing contest. I won first prize, so my very first publication was "The Rock," published in Junior Scholastic in 1957.
What motivated you to write a casebook?
[PGS] My amazing wife Lisa. She was an experienced ethics teacher and well-established author in the field of legal ethics. When Wolters Kluwer offered her a casebook contract, she decided that she wanted me as a co-author. I turned her down repeatedly, but she was so persuasive that eventually I studied the field, taught the course, and joined her on the book.
What has been the most influential or pivotal moment in your career?
[PGS] In 2001, I published a law review article advocating the creation of what eventually became the federal Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program. For the next six years, I worked with the ABA, the Association of American Law Schools, Senator Edward Kennedy, and Representative John Sarbanes, to help persuade Congress to create this program, which was finally enacted into law in 2007. Since then it has benefited thousands of nurses, social workers, teachers, public defenders, legal aid lawyers, prosecutors and others who have made careers working for governments or non-profit organizations. That's probably the single most important event in my almost 50 years of teaching and writing.
What changes in legal education excite you?
[PGS] The most important change in legal education in my lifetime was the creation of clinical education, which I regard as the most meaningful and mind-expanding aspect of legal education after the first year of law school. Half of my work every year is clinical education, and it has been for as long as I have been teaching.
What advice do you have for today's law students?
[PGS] Take a clinic.
Read Judge Patrick J. Shiltz's famous article, "On Being a Happy, Healthy, and Ethical Member of an Unhappy, Unhealthy, and Unethical Profession," 52 Vand. L. Rev. 871 (1999), or at least the two excerpts from it that appear in Ethical Problems in the Practice of Law.
Have a good life, but don't forget about justice.
How do you hope to be remembered by your students or law school?
[PGS] As a law teacher who was also a public interest lawyer.
What are your interests outside of law?
[PGS] I travel to total eclipses of the sun, play racquetball as often as possible, and snorkel on the planet's rapidly disappearing coral reefs. Everyone should see the amazing creatures that inhabit the waters of New Guinea before it's too late.
Philip G. Schrag is the Director, Center for Applied Legal Studies and Delaney Family Professor of Public Interest Law at Georgetown University Law Center. He and his co-author, Lisa G. Lerman, are the authors of the following Wolters Kluwer titles:
Ethical Problems in the Practice of Law, Concise Fourth Edition (2018)
Ethical Problems in the Practice of Law, Fourth Edition (2016)
Ethical Problems in the Practice of Law: Model Rules, State Variations, and Practice Questions, 2017 and 2018 Edition
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Xavier Henri Aymon Perrin, Count of Montépin (10 March 1823 in Apremont, Haute-Saône – 30 April 1902 in Paris) was a popular French novelist.

The author of serialised novels (feuilletons) and popular plays, he is best known for the 19th-Century best-seller,  La Porteuse de pain (The Bread Peddler), which was first published in Le Petit Journal, from 1884 to 1889, and underwent many adaptations for theatre, film and television.

Le Médecin des pauvres (Physician to the Poor), appeared in 1861 and was the subject of a plagiarism suit by author Louis-Étienne Jousserandot. Although the evidence was strongly in favour of Jousserandot, neither party prevailed and both parties were ordered to pay the court costs.

Les Filles de plâtre (The Daughters of the Plasterer), appearing in 1855, was condemned as obscene and Perrin was tried and sentenced to three months in prison and a fine of 500 Francs.

Selected works

 Les Chevaliers du lansquenet (The Knights of the Lansquenet, 1847) (with the Marquis Théodore de Foudras (1800–1872))
 Les Amours d'un fou (The Love-Affairs of a Fool, 1849)
 Les Confessions d'un bohême (The Confessions of a Bohemian, 1849)
 Les Filles du saltimbanque (1849)
 Brelan de dames (Three of a Kind, 1850)
 La Baladine (1851)
 Le Loup noir (The Black Wolf, 1851)
 Geneviève Galliot (1852)
 Les Viveurs de Paris (The Pleasure-Seekers of Paris, 1852)
 L'Épée du commandeur (The Sword of the Commander, 1852)
 L'Auberge du Soleil d'or (The Inn of the Golden Sun, 1853)
 Un gentilhomme de grand chemin (A Nobleman of the High Road, 1853)
 Les Valets de cœur (The Knaves of Hearts, 1853)
 Mademoiselle Lucifer (1853)
 Les Filles de plâtre (The Daughters of the Plasterer, 1855)
 La Perle du Palais-royal (The Pearl of the Royal Palace, 1855)
 Le Château des fantômes (The Haunted Château, 1855)
 Les Filles de plâtre. Les trois débuts (1856)
 La Syrène (The Siren, 1856)
 Les Deux Bretons (The Two Bretons, 1857)
 Le Masque rouge (The Red Mask, 1858)
 L'Officier de fortune (1858)
 Les Pécheresses – Pivoine et Mignonne (The Fishwives – Pivoine and Mignonne, 1858)
 Les Viveurs de province (The Pleasure-Seekers of the Province, 1859)
 La Comtesse Marie (The Countess Marie, 1859)
 Le Château de Piriac (1859)
 La Maison rose (The Pink House, 1859)
 Les Chevaliers du poignard (1860)
 La Fille du maître d'école (1860)
 Les Marionnettes du diable (1860)
 Un Mystère de famille (The Family Mystery, 1860)
 Le Compère Leroux (1860)
 Une Fleur aux enchères (1860)
 Le Médecin des pauvres (Physician to the Poor, 1861)
 Le Parc aux biches (1862)
 Les Compagnons de la torche (1862)
 Les Métamorphoses du crime (1863)
 L'Amour d'une pécheresse (1864)
 L'Héritage d'un millionnaire (1864)
 Le Drame de Maisons-Lafitte (1864)
 Les Pirates de la Seine (1864)
 Les Amours de Vénus (1864)
 Bob le pendu (1864)
 Les Mystères du Palais-royal (1865)
 La Fille du meurtrier (1866)
 Le Moulin rouge (1866)
 La Sirène (1866)
 La Maison maudite (1867)
 La Femme de Paillasse. La Voyante (1873)
 L'Amant d'Alice (1873)
 La Comtesse de Nancey (1873)
 Le Mari de Marguerite (1873)
 Les Confessions de Tullia (1873)
 La Voyante (1873)
 Le Bigame (1874)
 Le Pendu (1874)
 Les Enfers de Paris (1874)
 La Maîtresse du mari (1876)
 Les Tragédies de Paris (1876)
 La Sorcière rouge (1876)
 L'Agent de police (1877)
 La Traite des blanches (1877)
 La Bâtarde (1877)
 Deux Amies de Saint-Denis (1878)
 La Femme de Paillasse (1878)
 Le Médecin des folles (1879)
 La Dame de pique (1879)
 Le Médecin des folles (1879)
 Le Fiacre Nº 13 (1880)
 Les Filles de bronze (1880)
 Le Dernier des Courtenay (1880)
 La Fille de Marguerite (1881)
 Son Altesse l'Amour (1881)
 Mam'zelle Mélie (1881)
 Madame de Trèves (1882)
 Les Pantins de madame le Diable (1882)
 Le Dernier Duc d'Hallali (1883)
 La Porteuse de pain (The Bread Peddler, 1884–1887)
 Deux Amours : Hermine (1885)
 Deux Amours : Odille (1885)
 Le Testament rouge (1888)
 Le Marchand de diamants (1889)
 Marâtre : la fille du fou (1889)
 Le Marchand de diamants (1889)
 Le Mariage de Lascars (1889)
 Les Drames de l'épée (1890)
 La Dame aux émeraudes (The Lady in Emeralds, 1891)
 Les Conquêtes de Narcisse Mistral (1894)
 La Demoiselle de compagnie (1900)
 Chanteuse des rues (The Street Singer, 1900)
 Le Marquis d'Espinchal (?)

Filmography
, directed by Romolo Bacchini (1911, based on the novel La Porteuse de pain)
The Bread Peddler, directed by Georges Denola (1912, short film, based on the novel La Porteuse de pain)
Sa Majesté l'argent, directed by  (1914, short film, based on the novel Sa Majesté l'argent)
Paolina, directed by Vitale De Stefano (1915, based on the play Pauline)
Les Filles du saltimbanque, directed by Georges Tréville (1915, based on the novel Les Filles du saltimbanque)
The Bread Peddler, directed by Giovanni Enrico Vidali (1916, based on the novel La Porteuse de pain)
La Joueuse d'orgue, directed by Georges Denola (1916, based on the novel La Joueuse d'orgue)
, directed by Alberto Capozzi and Gero Zambuto (1917, based on the novel Le Fiacre Nº 13)
Le Secret de la comtesse, directed by Georges Denola (1917, based on the novel Le Secret de la comtesse)
, directed by Mario Roncoroni (1919, based on the novel Le Médecin des folles)
Il Ventriloquo, directed by Guido Brignone (1920, based on the novel Le Ventriloque)
Die Maske des Todes, directed by James Bauer (Germany, 1920)
Tre milioni di dote, directed by Camillo De Riso (1920, based on the novel Trois millions de dot)
, directed by Achille Consalvi (1921)
The Bread Peddler, directed by René Le Somptier (1923, based on the novel La Porteuse de pain)
La Mendiante de Sainte-Sulpice, directed by Charles Burguet (1924, based on the novel La Mendiante de Sainte-Sulpice)
, directed by Charles Burguet (1925, based on the novel La Joueuse d'orgue)
Cab No. 13, directed by Michael Curtiz (Germany, 1926, based on the novel Le Fiacre Nº 13)
The Bread Peddler, directed by  (1934, based on the novel La Porteuse de pain)
, directed by Gaston Roudès (1936, based on the novel La Joueuse d'orgue)
El médico de las locas, directed by  (Mexico, 1944, based on the novel Le Médecin des folles)
Cab Number 13, directed by Mario Mattoli and Raoul André (1948, based on the novel Le Fiacre Nº 13)
The Bread Peddler, directed by Maurice Cloche (1950, based on the novel La Porteuse de pain)
بائعة الخبذ، فيلم بإخراج حسن الامام، وبطولة امينة رزق، وشادية وماجدة وشكري سرحان
وسليمان نجيب، زكي رستم،وعمر الحريري، وحسين رياض

La vendeuse de pain, film égyptien adapté en 1953, dirigé par Hassan El-Imam, avec Amina Rizk, Shadia, Omar El-Hariri, Hussein Riad, Magda, Shoukry Sarhan et Zaki Rostom.

The bread peddler, 1953 film, directed by Hassan El-Imam, starring Amina Rezk, Shadia, Omar el Hariry, Hussein Riad, Magda, Shoukry Sarhan, and Zaki Rostom.
The Bread Peddler, directed by Maurice Cloche (1963, based on the novel La Porteuse de pain)
The Bread Seller Woman, directed by Zafer Davutoğlu (Turkey, 1965, based on the novel La Porteuse de pain)
, directed by  (Turkey, 1972, based on the novel La Porteuse de pain)

References

External links

La Porteuse de pain at In Libro Veritas
La Porteuse de pain free Kindle edition at Amazon.com

People from Haute-Saône
1823 births
1902 deaths
French male novelists
19th-century French novelists
19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
19th-century French male writers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia