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Religion versus ethics in Berlin
By Madeline Chambers
Berlin's referendum on religion lessons in schools poses fundamental questions about how to foster inter-faith tolerance and the relationship between church and state in Germany, as Reuters reported.
The Pro Reli campaign wants to change the capital's law to allow pupils to choose between faith-based religion lessons and an ethics course. Berlin, with its long secular tradition, is one of the only German states not to have compulsory religion lessons but a wider ethics course instead.
The main argument is whether children who spend hours at school learning about their own faith have a stronger moral foundation and end up being more tolerant of other religions than children who have a broader education in ethics.
The Pro Ethik campaign says it is wrong to split people up according to their faith at school as it can breed divisions. They say ethics classes should instil children with a strong set of values and a good understanding of other religions. Some people also warn that religion lessons in Berlin's schools would result in a predominantly Christian agenda.
However, one professor of religion, Harmut Zinser, argues that by learning about several beliefs, pupils can get confused as they are not presented with a single, coherent set of norms.
"It puts ethics on the market and in that respect it achieves the opposite of what it sets out to achieve," he said.
Then there is the cultural argument. Christianity is part of German history, literature and culture. Students who have no knowledge of the bible will find it hard to understand their heritage — take Goethe's Faust, for one.
In addition, some Muslim groups in Berlin who have long called for Islam lessons, back the Pro Reli campaign. They say mainstream lessons for Muslims at school could help fight radicalisation which can result from unregulated Koran lessons in mosques.
In western Germany, the relationship between church and state was consolidated after World War Two to try to strengthen values in a people shaken by the horrors of war and Holocaust. It was then that most states introduced compulsory faith-based religion lessons. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, most former communist eastern German states also have religion courses.
Is that model, more than 60 years old, still suitable? Which model do you think works best to boost tolerance?
Evolution book takes aim at "Intelligent Design"
Holding back the "religion card" in India's election campaign
berlin begs the question "from whence do these 'ethics' derive?" – obviously, from some religious souurce, which may be objected to by muslims, jews, and serious christians (vs those who attend state churches). the issue is not tolerance of other religions, but tolerance of people who hold different religions to yours; failure to distinguish this is to doom any tolerance project to failure
Posted by jd | Report as abusive
In Christian countries, there is tolorance to non Christians. But non Christian countries have no tolerance to Christians. It's now time for Christian countries like Germany to assert its rights and preach the Gospel of Christ to all its people Christians and non Christians alike. The gospel of Christ which is love must be learned by everyone. That is a universal teaching which must be proclaimed.
Posted by daniel rosaupan | Report as abusive
I don't think public schools should teach either an ethics class or a religion class (unless it be a world religions class). Like JD says above, most ethical systems are tied tightly to religious tenets, and it is very difficult to parse out moral teachings from religious teachings. As a Christian, my morality stems from my religious beliefs, which were taught to me by my parents and by religion classes from my church. What I am wondering is what has happened that parents and religious authorities have abdicated their responsibilities to their children with regard to moral and ethical instruction? Far too much is put on teachers and schools today–they are struggling with teaching students writing and math. If anything, what I would like to see is arts, music, and physical education returning to the curriculum. Here in the U.S. these aspects of schooling have been deeply cut. There are few parents who can afford arts and music education outside of the classroom, where the responsibility for religious education can and should be paid for by religious organizations.
Posted by Denise | Report as abusive
Ethics and religious education should be solely the responsibility of parents and religous authorities, unless the parents want to enroll their children in church schools. Public schools have enough on their plate. I'd much rather see schools adding more arts, music, and physical education to their curriculum. Is there any evidence that ethics courses have created a more ethical or moral culture than not? I live in a highly Catholic part of Louisiana (one of the only places in the U.S. where they are actually building church schools), and I can't see any evidence that all of the church going and moral education has done anything to increase religious tolerance or honesty (mostly it has bred ignorance about other religions, superstition, and stereotyping).
Christian education is the only medicine to the moral breakdown and greediness in our society. Instead of teaching or should I say, indoctrinating the Children to accept same sex marriage, abortion, condoms and the like,it would be for the best interest of Germany to teach the young generation about the teachings of Christ. There is an increase of religious intolerance since people in the world doesn't know the commandments of God particularly in loving thy enemies. People especially in the west are now becoming perverts and trying to impose their views by considering as a civil right same sex marriage, abortion and other host of wicked things and those who disagree with them are therefore bigots! They seem to forget that since time immemorial, it has been a universal dogma of all creeds in the world (except satanism of course) that same sex marriage is a perversion and abortion is a crime. Anti Christians are the ones who are spreading unfounded hostile and deceptive remarks against Christianity, one example of which are the four false accusation against Pope Benedict XVI on his Regensburgh remarks, La Sapienza Remarks, the lifting of the excoomunication of SSPX and condom remarks in Africa where if the critics were only knowledgeable on the Christian teachings, these could have been avoided. Worse, they are trying to reinvent the society by legislating policies which are contrary to public morals and is highly offensive to the majority of the people in the guise of civil rights. What they failed to consider is that civil rights must not be a pretext to do evil and wickedness.
Now, I just wanna ask those who oppose Christian education in public schools, what social teachings of Christ which is unacceptable to all people of different creeds? Do you know of Christ's teachings which is detrimental to the society and therefore not good to be incorporated in the curriculum of public schools? Just asking.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Essay Question: Write a summary of COT 4210 (Theory of Computation) for a current Computer Science II student. Summarize the main points of the course and explain which ideas from the course are most relevant to their computer science education as a whole.
The intention for this essay, or any similar essay is to make students reflect on their own education and to help them build an educational philosophy.
This type of essay can be given in any junior/senior level Computer Science class.
The idea is to come up with a question relevant to the structure of the class that forces students to contextualize the purpose of the class, and figure out the significance of what they are learning.
This specific essay was given to a "Theory of Computation" course.
Arup Guha, "Course Summary and Advice," Incorporating Communication Outcomes into the Computer Science Curriculum, accessed April 19, 2019, http://cs-comm.lib.muohio.edu/items/show/124.


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The CW Ordered A Pilot For A Batwoman Solo Series
March 17, 2019 January 5, 2019 by Devin Randall
TV is extending its relationship with a badass lesbian superhero.
According to Deadline, the CW has ordered the creation of a pilot for a Batwoman tv series. Ruby Rose will be returning for the role, and David Nutter, of Game of Thrones, The Flash, and Arrow, will direct. The series will also be created by Greg Berlanti's Berlanti Productions and Warner Bros. Television.
The Batwoman character has been a comic book fan favorite for several years now, but interest increased when it was announced she'd leap from the page to the small screen.
Out actress Ruby Rose was later attached to the role, which gained major news coverage. Some were delighted by the actress's similar background to the character, some were concerned by the former Orange is the New Black star's early acting work, and some were concerned because the actress didn't seem gay enough for the role.
indicative of my excitement that she's here and kicking ass @rubyrose
A post shared by Melissa Benoist (@melissabenoist) on Oct 26, 2018 at 4:24pm PDT
All of that drama, however, didn't get in the way of the Batwoman as she made her debut tv appearance. The character appeared in an Arrow-verse crossover for the CW tv channel. Many also noted a brief flirtation between Batwoman and Supergirl (whose sister is also gay).
Again, the pilot for this new series has only just been greenlit, but the CW hopes to prepare the show for the next tv season. In the meantime, the latest Arrow-verse crossover will re-air on the CW this coming Monday.
h/t: Deadline
Tags #Batwoman, #GayTV, #LesbianCharacter, #RubyRose, #Superheroes
Ex-Batwoman Ruby Rose Congratulates Successor "On Taking Over The Bat Cape" Via Instagram
Ruby Rose's Departure After One Season As Batwoman Will Be Explained In Season 2
Why is Ruby Rose Leaving 'Batwoman'?
Batwoman Star Ruby Rose Left Twitter Citing Abusive Fans


ASSETUS SA (13/2018) Annual Report Assetus S.A. unit and consolidated for 2017.
MEDAPP SA (13/2018) Signing a letter of intent with Intec Medical Sp. z o.o.
KOSZALINSKA PRZEDSIĘBIORSTWO PRZEMYSŁU DRZEWNEGO SA (18/2018) Insurance of the Company's assets.
MADKOM SA (21/2018). Content of resolutions adopted by NWZA Madkom SA on July 30, 2018.
MADKOM SA (14/2018) List of shareholders holding at least 5% of votes at the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders of the Company on July 30, 2018.
UHY ECA SA (28/2018) Selection of a company from the UHY ECA group for the review and audit of financial statements Wittchen S.A.
FERRUM SA (44/2018) Explanatory note on the notification of a change in the total number of votes in FERRUM S.A.


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Des ombres dans la pierre (titre original : ) est un roman de science-fiction de l'auteur allemand Andreas Eschbach paru en 2007 et traduit en langue française en 2015.

Ce roman est le quatrième volume de la série Projet Mars, destinée à la jeunesse.

Édition française
 Des ombres dans la pierre,  Éditions L'Atalante, coll. La Dentelle du cygne, 2015, trad. Pascale Hervieux, 296 p.

Liens externes

Articles connexes
 Science-fiction
 Littérature allemande de science-fiction

Roman de science-fiction d'Andreas Eschbach
Roman allemand paru en 2007
Roman se déroulant sur Mars
2007 en science-fiction

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


can any one explain the procedure to create x user as root user in red hat linux.
What do you mean create an X user? You can log into X as root at any time (although this is highly, highly, HIGHLY not recommended) using the same credentials you use to log into a terminal.
in vi sudoers which is present in /etc folder.but i failed to execute the commands like useradd,userdel...etc.
Replace username with the account you want to log into.
i want to create a user as root user in linux .so that i can create accounts in linux using sun identity manager by using this user rather than logging in as root.
where username is the user you want to create. If you want this user to have the exact same level of access as root, then you're out of luck. The only user that has full access to the system at all times is root. As far as I know, you can't create another user like this. All other users must run a command with sudo in order to gain temporary full access to the system.
I'm sorry if this isn't what you're looking for. I'm trying to understand what it is you want as best I can.


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← Ten on Tuesday, the prideful edition.
Vancouver Fog #7 for library sale.
Double-thick socks #3 for me.
Sari silk scarf for silent auction.
I did part of this traveling scarf.
Started as a cowl but works as headband; brioche in my brain.
Camnesia struck. This is the only photo I have of the hat.
I started the second afghan, hoping to have both 3/4 done by Christmas.
Camnesia again; at the end there were a pair of mittens, a hat, and a scarf.
Fingerless gloves for Kay to match her hat.
Double-thick socks (I've lost count).
Fingerless gloves for library sale.
5 Responses to The year in review.
You had a great year of knitting!
You made loads of lovely knitting and warmth happen in 2015! Wishing you all the best (in knitting and everything else) in 2016!
Not only a lot of knitting, that's a load of spinning, too! Here's to a fabulous 2016!
Such a busy year you had! And look at all the pretties you have to show for it!


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text:
Crono's Cat
Crono's Cat is a minor character in Abobo's Big Adventure.
Unlike most characters in the game, Crono's Cat doesn't originate on the NES, instead it originates from the SNES game Chrono Trigger, who is Crono's pet cat.
Crono's Cat only appears in the opening of the game after Aboboy gets kidnaped by Little Mac's minions, the cat walks down the street until Abobo falls on top of the cat sending it in the air and it falls down on the ground, which kills the feline.
This cat is one of the three characters in Abobo's Big Adventure that has a sprite taken from a game from the Super Entertainment System and not the NES, with the others being Gigafly and Kirby, with the latter's sprite is taken from his mugshot.


The 2018 Russian presidential election was held on 18 March 2018. Incumbent Vladimir Putin won reelection for his second consecutive (fourth overall) term in office with 77% of the vote. Vladimir Zhirinovsky from the Liberal Democratic Party was the perennial candidate, having unsuccessfully run in five previous presidential elections. Other candidates included Pavel Grudinin (Communist Party), Sergey Baburin (Russian All-People's Union), Ksenia Sobchak (Civic Initiative), Maxim Suraykin (Communists of Russia), Boris Titov (Party of Growth) and Grigory Yavlinsky (Yabloko). Anti-corruption activist Alexei Navalny announced his intent to run in December 2016 but was barred from doing so due to a prior criminal conviction, which may have been politically motivated, for corruption. Consequently, Navalny called for a boycott of the election. He had previously organized several public rallies against corruption among members of Putin's government.
The incumbent Vladimir Putin was eligible to run. He declared his intent to do so on 6 December 2017, being widely expected to win. This came following several months of speculation throughout the second half of 2017 as, although he was widely expected to run for another term, Putin made evasive comments including that he had still not decided whether he would like to "step down" from the post of president, that he would "think about running", and that he "hadn't yet decided whether to run for another term". Different sources predicted that he would run as an independent to capitalize more support from the population, and although he could also have been nominated by the United Russia party as in 2012, Putin chose to run as an independent.
The President of Russia is directly elected for a term of six years, since being extended from four years in 2008 during Dmitry Medvedev's administration. According to Article 81 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, a candidate for president must be at least 35 years old, hold no dual nationality, have permanently resided in Russia for the past 10 years, and cannot serve more than two terms consecutively. Parties with representation in the State Duma are able to nominate a candidate to run for the office while candidates from officially registered parties that are not in parliament have to collect at least 100,000 signatures. Independent candidates have to collect at least 300,000 signatures with no more than 7,500 from each federal subject of Russia and also from action groups made up of at least 500 people. The nomination process took place during Russia's winter holiday period, and 31 January 2018 was the last day for submitting signatures in support of contested access candidates.
On 3 March 2017, senators Andrey Klishas and Anatoly Shirokov submitted to the State Duma draft amendments to the electoral legislation. One of the amendments involves the transfer of elections from the second to the third Sunday in March, i.e. from 11 to 18 March 2018. According to article 5, paragraph 7 of Russian Federal law No. 19-FZ, "If the Sunday on which presidential elections are to be held coincides with the day preceding a public holiday, or this Sunday falls on week including a public holiday or this Sunday in is declared to be a working day, elections are appointed on the following Sunday". The second week of March includes International Women's Day (8 March), which is an official holiday in Russia. The bill passed through the State Duma and Federation Council without delay in May 2017 and was signed into law by Vladimir Putin on 1 June 2017. On 15 December, the upper house of the Federal Assembly, the Federation Council, officially confirmed that 18 March 2018 will be the date of the election, officially beginning the process of campaigning and registration for candidates. This date is significant in the country as it is the fourth anniversary of Russian annexation of Crimea.
A total of 97,000 polling stations were open across the country from 08:00 until 20:00 local time.
Political parties represented in the State Duma or the legislative bodies of not less than one-third of the federal subjects could nominate a candidate without collecting signatures. The following parties could nominate candidates without collecting signatures: Civic Platform, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, A Just Russia, Rodina and United Russia.
On 1 July 2017, Chairman of Rodina Aleksey Zhuravlyov announced that his party would only support incumbent president Vladimir Putin in the election. On 11 December, the leader of Civic Platform Rifat Shaykhutdinov also said that his party would support Putin. On 24 December, the leader of A Just Russia Sergey Mironov stated that his party would not put forward a candidate. Senior party member Mikhail Yemelyanov confirmed that A Just Russia would support Putin's candidacy.
Individuals belonging to a party without any seats in the State Duma had to collect 105,000 signatures to become candidates, while those running as independents had to collect 315,000 and also to form a group of activists made up of at least 500 people. Multiple political commentators, including former presidential hopeful Irina Khakamada, talked about the difficulty of gathering signatures without the support of a political party, a hurdle which cast doubt on many of the claims of the large number of people who said that they would run for president as independents. However, according to CEC Chairwoman Ella Pamfilova, the conditions for contested-access candidates were easier than ever because such potential candidates no longer had to collect 1,000,000 signatures. Pamfilova incorrectly predicted that there could be even more candidates in this election than there were in 2000, when 11 candidates contested the presidency (the largest number of candidates in the history of presidential elections in Russia).
In July 2017, Party of Growth announced that it would hold primaries to nominate a presidential candidate. Four candidates participated in the primaries: Oksana Dmitriyeva, Dmitry Potapenko, Dmitry Marinichev and Alexander Huruji. Voting was conducted via the internet from August to November 2017.
On 10 August 2017, the party's press secretary told the media that the results of the primaries will be taken into account at the party congress which will be held to decide the candidate for Party of Growth. However, the winner of the primaries would not guarantee themselves the right to run on behalf of the party.
On 26 November, it was announced that the party would nominate Boris Titov, who was not involved in the primaries. According to a person from the party leadership, none of the proposed candidates were able to obtain sufficient support.
On 2 November 2017, the Left Front headed by Sergei Udaltsov started online primaries for the nomination of a single left-wing candidate. Primaries were held in two rounds, the first round took place from 2 to 23 November, and the second round – from 24 to 30 November.
The first round included 77 candidates, among whom were representatives of various left-wing political parties and organizations, including Pavel Grudinin, Yury Boldyrev, Gennady Zyuganov, Sergey Mironov (who later supported Vladimir Putin), Sergey Glazyev, Zakhar Prilepin, Viktor Anpilov, Valery Zorkin, Zhores Alferov, Sergey Baburin (who later was nominated as a candidate from the party Russian All-People's Union), Natalia Lisitsyna (who was later nominated as a candidate from the Russian United Labour Front), Maxim Suraykin (who was nominated as a candidate from the Communists of Russia) and others.
Boldyrev and Grudinin made it through to the second round, which was won by Grudinin, who garnered 4,086 votes (58.4%).
At the end of December 2017, Grudinin was officially nominated as the candidate from the Communist Party.
The bloc Third Force held primaries among candidates from ten non-parliamentary parties to nominate presidential candidates. According to the organizers, the primaries would determine four presidential candidates representing different views.
The official presentation of the candidates was held on 30 October 2017. The candidates included: Andrei Bogdanov, Andrey Getmanov, Olga Onishchenko, Stanislav Polishchuk, Sirazhdin Ramazanov, Ildar Rezyapov, Vyacheslav Smirnov, Irina Volynets and Alexey Zolotukhin.
However, the block failed to identify a clear winner, then all candidates, except for Olga Onishchenko has declared that they would participate in the elections. Later, however, all of the candidates refused to participate.
These candidates were officially registered by the CEC. Candidates are listed in the order they appear on the ballot paper (alphabetical order in Russian).
Sergey Baburin was nominated at the party congress on 22 December 2017. On 24 December, Baburin filed registration documents with the CEC, but the documents were rejected 25 December because the CEC identified violations in the information provided regarding 18 of his party's 48 representatives. On 29 December, Baburin resubmitted the documents and they were approved by the CEC.
Russian All-People's Union started to collect signatures in support of Baburin on 9 January 2018. Signatures were collected in 56 federal subjects. On 30 January 2018, Sergey Baburin handed over the signatures to the CEC. When testing revealed only 3.28% of invalid signatures, Sergey Baburin was admitted to the election.
At the end of November 2017, Pavel Grudinin won the primaries of Left Front, a coalition of left-wing parties with no representation in the State Duma. Some branch of the Communist Party voted to support the candidacy of Grudinin and did not deny his nomination from the Communist Party. Despite the fact that in early November the First Secretary of the Communist party, Gennady Zyuganov, said that his nomination is supported by all left-wing organizations, which the media felt was the official statement from Zyuganov to participate in the election, Zyuganov later denied this, saying that the official decision will be made at the party Congress in December. On 21 December, it was reported that Zyuganov proposed to nominate Grudinin.
Initially, the Communist Party and the National Patriotic Forces of Russia (NPFR) planned to nominate a single candidate: Grudinin, supported by the Communists, or Yury Boldyrev, supported by the NPFR. Boldyrev also participated in the primaries of the Left Front, where he lost in the second round to Grudinin. According to Deputy Alexander Yushchenko, Gennady Zyuganov was still among the candidates for the nomination. He named the other candidates as Yury Afonin, Sergey Levchenko, and Leonid Kalashnikov. On 22 December, Zyuganov, Levchenko, and Kalashnikov withdrew their bids, and Zyuganov rejected the candidacies of Afonin and Boldyrev, leaving Grudinin as the sole candidate. Grudinin was officially selected as the presidential candidate from the Communist Party at its congress on 23 December.
Russian opposition figure and anti-corruption blogger Alexei Navalny started his presidential campaign on 13 December 2016. In early 2017, he traveled to different cities across Russia to open campaign offices and meet with his supporters, despite his involvement in legal cases that might have barred him from running. As noted in an article by Newsweek and by the former Russian presidential administration adviser Gleb Pavlovsky, the American-style campaign by Navalny was unprecedented in modern Russia as most candidates do not start campaigning until a few months before the election. The primary focus of Navalny's campaign was combating corruption within the current government under Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. On 2 March, Navalny published a documentary on YouTube titled He Is Not Dimon To You, detailing the corrupt dealings of Prime Minister Medvedev. He then called for mass rallies to be held on 26 March to bring attention to this after the government did not respond to the documentary, which at least 26,6 million people attended across Russia. 26 March rally was the largest protest held in Russia since the protests in 2011. Navalny called for another protest to be held on Russia Day, which is 12 June.
On his website, Navalny listed the main principles of his presidential program: combating government corruption, improving infrastructure and living standards in Russia, decentralizing power from Moscow, developing the economy instead of remaining in isolation from the West, and reforming the judicial system. His more specific economic proposals included instituting a minimum wage, lowering prices of apartments and reducing bureaucracy of home construction, making healthcare and education free, lowering taxes for many citizens, taxing the gains from privatization, decentralization of financial management and increase in local governance, increasing transparency in state-owned firms, implementing work visas for Central Asian migrants coming into the country for work, and increasing economic cooperation with western European states.
In April 2017, it was reported that Navalny's campaign staff had collected more than 300,000 pledged signatures from people across 40 regions of Russia electronically. More than 75,000 people signed up to volunteer for his campaign and nearly $700,000 has been donated. However, his eligibility was put into question by his five-year suspended sentence for embezzlement of timber from the company Kirovles, when Navalny was working as an aide to Governor Nikita Belykh of the Kirov Oblast. The Russian Supreme Court overturned his sentence in November 2016 after the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) determined that Navalny's rights were violated, and sent the case back to a district court in the city of Kirov for review. In February 2017, the district court upheld Navalny's suspended sentence. The Constitution of Russia does not allow convicted criminals to run for office. Navalny promised to appeal the result to the ECHR, and said he would continue campaigning, while in early May the deputy head of the Russian Central Election Commission (CEC) commented that he would not be allowed to run unless the sentence is overturned. In August, the head of the CEC, Ella Pamfilova, reinforced this sentiment, saying that it would "take a miracle" for Navalny to be granted permission to run. She cited two scenarios in which Navalny could run: if his conviction was overturned, or if the federal election law was rapidly changed to allow those with criminal convictions to run. Pamfilova added that the probability of either scenario was "extremely low". Pamfilova later commented that Navalny could legally run for president by "some time in 2028", i.e., ten years after his sentence expires. The Memorial Human Rights Center recognized Navalny as a political prisoner.
Members of the Navalny campaign were harassed and detained by the police, including his chief of staff Leonid Volkov, who was sentenced to thirty days in jail in early December for organizing an unauthorized rally (requests for rallies in city centers are often denied in Russia) in Nizhny Novgorod.
Navalny published his election manifesto on 13 December 2017, two days prior to the official start of campaigning.
He officially submitted his documents for registration as a candidate on 24 December 2017, and was rejected by the CEC the following day due to his conviction. Later that same day, 25 December, Navalny called on his supporters to boycott the election in response. Mass street protests were planned for 28 January 2018.
Vladimir Putin announced his run on 6 December 2017, during his speech at the GAZ automobile plant. A Just Russia, Civic Platform, The Greens, Great Fatherland Party, Labor Party, Party of Pensioners, Patriots of Russia, Rodina, and United Russia have endorsed his presidential bid.
Rumors about the nomination of Ksenia Sobchak in the 2018 election appeared a month before she officially announced that she would run for president.
Sobchak officially announced that she would run for president on 19 October 2017, in a YouTube video. In the video, Sobchak said she is the candidate "against all", because since the 2004 election, the "against all" option (or "none of the above" as it is more commonly known in English-speaking countries) has been excluded from the ballot, and Sobchak wants to give people the opportunity to again vote "against all". At the same time, Sobchak said she will withdraw her candidacy if Alexey Navalny is registered as a candidate by the Central Election Commission.
Originally Sobchak put herself forward as an independent candidate. In this case she would have had to collect at least 300,000 signatures in order to be admitted to the election. Soon after, however, Sobchak's campaign team said that would be nominated by a political party, namely the People's Freedom Party or Civic Initiative.
On 15 November 2017, it was announced that Sobchak will be nominated by CivicInitiative at its congress in December.
On 23 December 2017, at Civic Initiative's congress Sobchak was officially nominated for president. On the same day, she joined the party. Sobchak's team began gathering signatures in support of her candidacy on 27 December, soon after her registration documents were approved by the CEC.
In December 2017, it became known that the party Communists of Russia nominated Maxim Suraykin as presidential candidate.
On 28 May 2017, the Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communists of Russia took the decision on nomination of Maxim Suraykin as presidential candidate.
In November 2017, Maxim Suraykin was one of the candidates proposed by the Left Front as a single candidate from the left opposition. The results of the voting on the website of the Left Front Suraikin won 59 votes.
On 24 December Maxim Suraykin were officially nominated at the Communists Russia National Convention. On the same day he also submitted to the Central Election Commission.
Initially the Party of Growth conducted primaries which were attended by four candidates: Oksana Dmitriyeva, Dmitry Potapenko, Dmitry Marinichev and Alexander Khurudzhi. Boris Titov did not participate in the primaries. However, at the meeting of the federal council of the party it was decided to nominate Titov. According to a person from the party leadership, none of the proposed candidates were able to obtain sufficient support.
According to Titov, the main task of participation in election is to promote the party's Growth Strategy economic program, which was prepared by the Stolypin Club and presented to President Vladimir Putin in May 2017. During the campaign Titov and his team intend to travel around the country to promote the program.
Titov was officially nominated by his party on 21 December. He submitted to the CEC the documents required for registration the next day. Titov's documents were approved by the CEC on 25 December, which meant that he could begin collecting signatures. A party spokesman commented that the collection signatures in support of Titov will begin in early January 2018.
Economist Grigory Yavlinsky announced his presidential bid in February 2016 as the candidate for the liberal party Yabloko, though suggestions that he would run were first voiced in 2013 after he was barred from taking part in the 2012 election. His policies mainly focus on improving the economic situation through governance reforms and stopping involvement in conflicts. He was nominated by the party leader, Emilia Slabunova, who stressed the need to unite all "democratic forces" behind one candidate and noted his political experience, and also received an endorsement from opposition politician Vladimir Ryzhkov. Yavlinsky had previously run in the 1996 and 2000 presidential elections, getting 7.4% of the vote in the former. He spoke at a party forum announcing the start of the campaign in February 2017. Among the other proposals he made were to give out several acres of free land to families so they can build home there and develop it, which he said would house 15 million families, and to turn the Russian Armed Forces into a fully professional military by abolishing conscription.
In March 2017, Yavlinsky stated that he will be visiting several major cities in fifteen different regions across the country to raise support. He used Alexei Navalny's recent tour of different cities as an example, refusing to use the traditional model of campaigning a few months before the election. Since he is unable to visit more locations, Slabunova, the leader of Yabloko, and Nikolai Rybakov, his chief of staff, will go to other cities to campaign as well.
On 1 November 2017, Yabloko launched the official website of Yavlinsky's campaign.
Vladimir Zhirinovsky announced his participation in the presidential elections on 28 October 2016 as the candidate for the Liberal Democratic Party. In the event of his election, Zhirinovsky promised to amend the Constitution of Russia and to radically change the policies of the country. In particular, Zhirinovsky promised to abolish the federal structure of Russia and to return to the Governorates, rename the post of "President of Russia" to the "Supreme Ruler of Russia" and to restore Russia's borders to the borders of the USSR as of 1985.
In March 2017, Zhirinovsky promised to declare a general amnesty if elected president.
On 14 February 2018, the CEC set the schedule for the distribution of airtime for presidential candidates. Debates took place on five federal TV channels: Russia 1, Russia 24, Channel One, TV Center and PTR, as well as on three radio stations: Radio Rossii, Radio Mayak and Vesti FM. As in previous election campaigns, incumbent President Vladimir Putin refused to participate in the debates.
Debates occurred from 26 February to 15 March. Vladimir Zhirinovsky was the only candidate to attend the first debate, with the other three candidates sending representatives. The second debate, which didn't actually involve any candidate-to-candidate discussion, was attended by six candidates and Boris Titov's representative.
Opinion polls published in the months preceding the election consistently showed Putin with an overwhelming lead over his competitors.
The final results of the elections were approved by the CEC on 23 March 2018.
China was the first world power to react to the election results, saying in a congratulatory message to Putin that it vowed to push ties with Russia to a "higher level." Other countries which sent their congratulations included: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Egypt, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Moldova, North Korea, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United States, Uzbekistan and Venezuela.
Western reaction to the election result was predominantly muted as the election came at a time of heightened tensions between the West and Russia due to the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal, the ongoing U.S. investigation of the alleged Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections and a series of other issues. The European Union said that violations and shortcomings in the election flouted international standards while the White House deputy press secretary Hogan Gidley initially said that there was no congratulatory phone call scheduled between U.S. president Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin. Donald Trump later congratulated Putin in a phone call while the president of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker later congratulated Putin; their actions in turn drew criticism. France and Germany acknowledged Putin's victory but both countries avoided explicitly using the word "congratulate", instead "wishing success" to Putin for his new six-year term in office.
Voting irregularities were reported by independent election monitoring group Golos. Edward Snowden criticized what he claimed was ballot stuffing and Russian opposition entities Alexei Navalny and Open Russia criticized what they alleged to be voting fraud. Ella Pamfilova, the head of the Central Electoral Commission, said that there were no serious violations and those involved in the violations would be caught; she later said that Putin's level of support showed that society had united in the face of pressure from abroad. According to one monitor group who observed voters in a number of voting stations which showed "suspicious" results in previous elections, the actual turnout at these stations was 21-34% while official results from these stations showed 76-86% (in one station 8765 physical voters were counted, official results showed 13'235 votes). The group concluded that in these elections the government and local administration officers chose to simply falsify the voting protocols rather than use easy-to-spot ballot stuffing or carousel voting. Election statistician Sergey Shpilkin said that while this election was slightly "cleaner" that the preceding ones, there were around 10 million votes added in favor of Putin illegally.
Prominent Russian dissident Garry Kasparov said that the elections were a "charade."
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) said that the election "took place in an overly controlled legal and political environment marked by continued pressure on critical voices, while the Central Election Commission (CEC) administered the election efficiently and openly."
The head observer of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation described the election as "transparent, credible, democratic" while Maxim Grigoriev, deputy head of the monitoring group of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation called it "unprecedentedly clean".
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^ "International Election Observation Mission: Russian Federation – Presidential Election, 18 March 2018". Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Archived from the original on 21 March 2018.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Russian presidential election, 2018.


text:
Список флагов муниципальных образований города Севастополя Российской Федерации.

На 1 января 2015 года в городе федерального значения Севастополе насчитывалось 10 внутригородских муниципальных образований.

Примечания

Севастополь


text:
Eitzte ist ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Selsingen im niedersächsischen Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme).
Das Dorf liegt westlich der B 71 und südlich vom Kernbereich von Selsingen an der Oste, einem Nebenfluss der Elbe. Zu Eitzte gehört der Wohnplatz Eitzmühlen.

Geschichte
Am 1. März 1974 wurde Eitzte als Teil der Gemeinde Lavenstedt in die Gemeinde Selsingen eingegliedert.

Weblinks
 Selsingen auf der Website der Samtgemeinde Selsingen
 Geschichte der Wassermühle bei Eitzte

Einzelnachweise

Selsingen
Ort im Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme)
Ort an der Oste


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