Poor Wii it will perish under the new console as nitendo always has. Lol the best part about it is the gamers who do buy it will get in shape ya fat people buy the wii and get in shape ya. Maybe the Wii would reign over the other console if their commercial were like those weight loss pill commercials. " this product will ...." Of course why would fat lazy people buy a game system that make u get up and move?
But since i am almost 20 years old (dust, dust) these systems belong to my daughter and to my son. Don't really have time between being a parent, being a member of SICK, playing Diablo 2 and house chores.
Secondly, hold on here Thasador. You're 20 and have 2 kids? Holy buckets! (I love that expression ) I'll never get used to these american habits.
isnt a kilo 2.2 lbs?? or is that miles and kms??
Yeah well if people refrain from posting new information, we just have to carry out the discussion in the direction it is heading, otherwise we might be considered rude.
Congrats darkjay, you now showed us the other problem about america: Your refusal to look outside of your borders.
1st, Swedish fish are not from swedien. Besides that, they taste horrible. Worst candy I ever had (almost).
Well, roughly. It's the same with feet. One feet is ~30.5 cm, but you just say it's 1/3 of a meter. It's way more simple.
No problem. Everybody I've met here so far thinks that Swedish Fish comes from Sweden.
The alps were a bit of a blunder though.
I went in on gamefaqs.com and saw a poll they had there. It was about which console people thought would win, and Wii had a tremendous lead. Now of course I understand that may not be the opinion of the rest of the world, but maybe it is hinting at what is to come.
dude i wanna play the new zelda!!!
I have been thinking about getting a Wii, it seems pretty fun and its cheap compared to the other consoles, and as for the subtopic in this thread, i live in america and i am not fat, but most people in the country are, its quite funny.
I am certain that I will get a PS3, but if some very nice titles come out for Wii, or if the controller is employed in truly amazing ways, then perhaps.


WRite2Help.org / Michael Patterson – If you enter one of their contests, you better read the fine print! Prize for second place is listed at $250…but winner only received $25!
Damon Gibson / South Texas Enthusiast Magazine / Texas Enthusiast / Texas Coastal Enthusiast Magazine – TxEnthusiast.com Enthusiast Guest Book – Still owes writer $500!


text:
Pritchardia lopesi är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Carrera och Nelson Papavero 1965. Pritchardia lopesi ingår i släktet Pritchardia och familjen rovflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Rovflugor
lopesi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Pet Pause Uses
CDs & MP3s
About Susan Raimond
Sue Raimond, considered a pioneer of harp enrichment/therapy for pets and people, is among the world experts in the field of cyto-cymatics and vibroacoustics pertaining to the harp. She was educated at the University of Maryland (Wiesbaden, Germany extension), and later at California State University, Long Beach. Sue is an adjunct lecturer specializing in pain management at UC San Diego at Thornton and Hillcrest hospitals and for the International Harp Therapy Faculty in Richmond, VA. Tufts University veterinary school hosted Sue as a speaker for its International Animal Expo as well as UC Davis for the 1st International Veterinary Symposium on Hospice Care for Animals. Most recent lectures have been for the 3rd International Healing Sound Conference in Santa Fe, NM—with 15 countries in attendance and University of San Diego. Additionally, the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare (SCAW) in Baltimore, M.D. had Sue address their annual convention. Educators nation wide recognize and recommend her CDs for pets with separation anxiety, thunder phobia and various behavior modification needs
Sue's most recent zoo work includes establishing a harp enrichment program for the San Diego Wild Animal Park (African and Asian elephants); San Diego Zoo (primates); and the Franklin Park Zoo in Boston, MA (gorillas, zebras and giraffes). Veterinarians, ranchers and animal shelters in Dallas, TX also use harp enrichment at their facilities to calm residents, eliminate negative behaviors (i.e. cribbing), and facilitate easier birthing. Rescue facilities such as "Lions, Tigers and Bears" have also invited Sue to work with their tigers and larger breed cats as prescribed enrichment.
Publications featuring Sue's work include: Hallmark magazine; Country Living magazine; New York Post; MSNBC.com; YahooNews.com; Tufts' University Your Dog and Catnip magazine; Joshua Leed's Through a Dog's Ears and the Power of Sound; The Goldsteins' Wellness & Longevity book; Julia Szabo's The Underdog; Grace magazine; International Harp Therapy Journal; Alpine Sun newspaper; San Diego Union Tribune newspaper; Arden Moore's The Cat Behavior Answer Book; and Love of Animals magazine. Dish Network's new program: Natural Companions; Disney's Animal Planet: Petsburg, USA and You Lie Like A Dog along with ABC Radio Australia to round out some of the media adventures. The field trials of harp enrichment for 20 undomesticated Alaskan wolves continues to provide education and enlightenment to viewers on Animal Planet.
The U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases (USAM-RIID) consulted with Sue regarding use of harp as enrichment for animals and published, with Sue Raimond as co-author. The results of the study on African Green monkeys appeared in the Journal of Medical Primatology, April 2007.
Balancing her schedule, Sue continues in her 25th year as a Firefighter/EMT; and continues her work as author, filmmaker and composer with over 14 CDs, books and films to her credit. Recently, Sue accepted the position of consultant for the National Standard Board for Therapeutic Musicians and a position on the Advisory Board for Sound and Music Alliance in 2010/2011.
Harp Enrichment Therapy (HET) and Acoustical Nourishment (AN) as Rehabilitative Therapy.
A 501(c)(3) company
This therapy provides measurable overall improved levels of physical, mental and emotional wellness for people (and animals). There is opportunity for full recovery from illness and/or disability, lessening the chance of relapse and need for further medical treatment—which In some cases may be funded by Medicare or Medicaid.
Neither Medicare or Medi-Cal reimburse for psychotherapy, treatment support or other costly needs of a person impaired by medical treatments including which may include: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy, or in-hospital physical therapy for lymphedema—a common side effect of surgery.
There is currently no funding for rehabilitation, only medical treatment. Harp Enrichment and Acoustic Nourishment Therapy, as we offer it, is for after medical treatment and at the discretion of the patient who feels impaired by the medical treatment received. Failure to rehabilitate can cause continued dependence for medical treatment, which may extend government expense. Hence the need to rely on public charity support.
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text:
CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
The P-POSSUM scoring systems for predicting the mortality of neurosurgical patients undergoing craniotomy: Further validation of usefulness and application across healthcare systems
SJ Mercer1, Arpan Guha2, VJ Ramesh2
1 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Mersey Deanery, Liverpool, United Kingdom
2 Department of Neurointensive Care and Anaesthesia, Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Arpan Guha
Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool
Background and Aims: Continuous audit of clinical practice is an essential part of making improvements in medicine and enhancing patient care. Validated tools are needed to gather evidence for comparisons. Recently, Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and Portsmouth-POSSUM (P-POSSUM) scores were evaluated in Indian patients undergoing elective craniotomy and it was concluded that P-POSSUM was highly accurate in predicting overall mortality. We wished to study whether this system could be used in a different country and health care system [United Kingdom, UK]. We have evaluated these scores in patients undergoing elective and emergency craniotomies in a tertiary centre in the UK. Methods: Data was collected from all neurosurgical patients who underwent craniotomy overone year. Preoperative variables were collected prior to induction of anaesthesia, and operative variables were also collected. Chi-square test was used for expected and actual mortality differences. Survivor and non-survivor demographics were compared by one-way ANOVA for continuous and Chi-square for categorical variables. Results: One hundred and forty-five patients were studied. Mean [SD] physiologic score of the patients was 18.83 [5.07], and mean [SD] operative score was 18.09 [3.75]. P-POSSUM was a better predictor for elective patients and for those undergoing immediate life-saving surgery. Conclusion: This study confirms and validates the findings of previous work that P-POSSUM is an accurate and reliable tool for estimating in-hospital mortality. It also confirms its usefulness in comparison of results across healthcare systems internationally. Larger scale evaluations may be needed to examine its usefulness in emergency procedures.
Keywords: Craniotomy, mortality, neuroanaesthesia, outcome, P-POSSUM, prediction, scoring systems
Mercer S J, Guha A, Ramesh V J. The P-POSSUM scoring systems for predicting the mortality of neurosurgical patients undergoing craniotomy: Further validation of usefulness and application across healthcare systems. Indian J Anaesth 2013;57:587-91
Mercer S J, Guha A, Ramesh V J. The P-POSSUM scoring systems for predicting the mortality of neurosurgical patients undergoing craniotomy: Further validation of usefulness and application across healthcare systems. Indian J Anaesth [serial online] 2013 [cited 2021 Jan 20];57:587-91. Available from: https://www.ijaweb.org/text.asp?2013/57/6/587/123332
The continuous monitoring and audit of clinical practice is an essential part of making improvements in medical science and enhancing patient care. This is true also in the management of neurosurgical cases, but no validated comparative tool was available until 2008, when the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) and Portsmouth-POSSUM (P-POSSUM) scoring systems were evaluated in Indian patients undergoing elective craniotomy [1] and concluded that the P-POSSUM score was highly accurate in predicting overall mortality.
Copeland et al. [2] initially designed the POSSUM scoring system to evaluate morbidity and mortality in general surgical patients. It has also been modified as P-POSSUM to improve the score's accuracy. [3] The scores have since been extensively evaluated in many surgical disciplines. [4],[5]
Although the POSSUM and P-POSSUM scores are based on objective physiological and operative criteria, these vary across populations and healthcare systems and cannot be immediately assumed to be valid across the countries. Variations in mortality scores have been demonstrated before during such comparative studies in differing geographical regions. [6] In fact, a fourfold difference in mortality in major surgical procedures was observed in UK and US patient population. [7]
We, therefore, evaluated the scores in patients undergoing elective and emergency craniotomies in a tertiary neurosurgical referral centre in the United Kingdom to investigate how both systems performed in a different population and to explore the possibility of whether or not the P-POSSUM and POSSUM scoring system needed any further modification to allow its application in such patients.
Following approval from the local research ethical committee, data were collected from all neurosurgical patients undergoing craniotomy over a period of one year.
The POSSUM and P-POSSUM scores are calculated using the following equations, which are a combination of weighted variables of physiological and operative data obtained for individual patients: [2],[3]
Predicted POSSUM mortality
ln [R/(1−R) = −7.04 + 0. 13 × physiological score + 0.16 x operative score;
where R is the predicted mortality score.
Predicted P-POSSUM mortality
ln [R/(1−R)] = −9.37 + 0.19 × physiological score + 0.15 x operative score;
We compared the observed in-hospital mortality with the predicted mortality obtained by a POSSUM calculator. [8] The online calculator records each of the 18 factors, which are weighted to a value of 1, 2, 4 or 8 depending on measured variables.
Preoperative physiological variables prior to induction of anaesthesia were collected from the clinical notes and investigations, and operative variables [Table 1] were collected after the surgery. The category 'major plus' was given to all craniotomies performed in our institution and 'peritoneal soiling', for obvious reasons, was scored as zero. Both the surgery and anaesthesia were performed either by consultants or by specialist registrars under supervision of consultants.
Table 1: Parameters used in POSSUM scoring system
We obtained in-hospital mortality data from hospital mortality records. Patients were discharged from hospital at the discretion of the treating surgeon, as is usual practice in our institution.
Using the calculated POSSUM and P-POSSUM values, the observed to expected ratios were calculated where a value of 1 would represent the best prediction. Differences between expected and actual observed mortality were assessed by a Chi-square test.
Demographic values between survivors and non-survivors were compared by one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and Chi-square for categorical variables. Microsoft Excel worksheet statistics and SPSS 10.0 for Windows were used for analysing the data.
A total of 145 patients undergoing elective and emergency craniotomies had their clinical data analysed. The demographic details of these patients are given in [Table 2].
Table 2: Descriptive characters of the patients
The mean [SD] calculated physiologic score of the patients was 18.83 [5.07] and their mean [SD] operative score was 18.09 [3.75].
On comparing predicted and observed mortality with P-POSSUM and POSSUM, we noted that there was a statistically significant difference in the physiological score (P = 0.005), the operative score (P = 0.005) in patients with observed in hospital mortality and survivors [Table 3] and [Table 4].
Table 3: Comparison of P‑POSSUM‑predicted mortality with the observed mortality
Table 4: Comparison of POSSUM‑predicted mortality with the observed mortality
Fifteen patients (10.3%) died; this was identical to the P-POSSUM prediction. The difference between expected and observed frequencies over different predicted mortality range was not significant with P-POSSUM score (P = 0.122). We noted that the prediction of mortality by P-POSSUM was very accurate with an observed/predicted mortality ratio of 1.0 [Table 5].
Table 5: Comparison of P‑POSSUM data for urgency of surgery
The prediction of mortality with POSSUM score was poor in contrast to the favourable results achieved with P-POSSUM. The expected mortality according to POSSUM model was 28 patients (19.3%), which contrasts with the observed mortality of 15 patients. The goodness-of-fit Chi-square test just showed statistically significant difference between expected and observed frequencies based on POSSUM score (P = 0.047). The overall prediction of mortality by POSSUM was only 0.54.
We also compared the three categories of elective, emergency, immediate (within 24 hours of stabilization) surgeries using the P-POSSUM scoring system [Table 5]. This suggests that P-POSSUM was a better predictor for elective patients and for those undergoing immediate life-saving surgery although the difference was not significant [P = 0.06].
Auditing of practice and comparison of mortality data is essential to ensure that patients are well informed of risks and to improve quality of care in hospitals. Several surgical outcome scores have been devised to help with this issue, such as the Surgical Apgar Score, [9] APACHE II, [10] but the POSSUM [2] [Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity] and P-POSSUM [Portsmouth-POSSUM] [3] scores remain the most studied and most validated across specialities and patient populations.
The POSSUM and P-POSSUM scores have been validated across many surgical procedures, but not until recently in craniotomies, which is an integral and important part of neurosurgical practice. The first validated and published tool [1] was reported from an Indian neurosurgical population in 2008. when it was shown that that both the POSSUM and the P-POSSUM scores can be used to predict mortality accurately, with P-POSSUM being the stronger score.
This study set out to validate the scores in another patient population [India] to see whether the P-POSSUM score could be used across different health care systems and patient populations, when compared to the UK. This would add weight to the tool and allow it to be used across geographical and healthcare boundaries. This is important as a general comment about predictive scores or models is one of universal applicability. However, that needed testing under clinical conditions, which is what this study has done.
We, therefore, adhered to the method of the original study [1] and collected all data just prior to surgery as that is more likely to affect outcomes than data collected at admission. We also selected in-hospital mortality as the end point as in the original study, as this reflects clinical practice individualised to the surgical and anaesthetics teams.
Overall, 15 patients (10.3%) in the study died; this was identical to the P-POSSUM prediction of mortality. The difference between expected and observed frequencies over different predicted mortality range was not significant with P-POSSUM score (P = 0.122). In common with work in other surgical specialities, P-POSSUM was accurate at predicting overall risk rather than risk across the subgroups. This is identical to what has been shown before. [1],[4] We would, therefore, recommend its use in this context.
The prediction of mortality with POSSUM score was poor in contrast to the favourable results achieved with P-POSSUM. The expected mortality according to POSSUM model was 28 patients (19.3%), which contrasts with the observed mortality of 15 patients. Prediction of mortality by POSSUM was only 0.54.
We also compared the three categories of elective, immediate (within 24 hours of stabilization) or emergency surgery using the P-POSSUM scoring system [Table 5]. This suggests that P-POSSUM was a better predictor for elective patients and for those undergoing immediate life-saving surgery although the difference was not significant [P = 0.06.]. We feel that this was due to the smaller number of patients in these categories and this deserves further work.
There may be some shortcomings to this study. Our patients were discharged home at the discretion of the surgical team, a process that lacks standardisation. We accepted that this was a more real reflection of surgical practice than to adopt other end points, such as 28-day mortality. Additionally, a comparison of elective, stabilized and emergency patients did not reveal a significant difference, although this may be due to the small number of emergency procedures (n = 14) in our centre over the year. The original work that validated P-POSSUM for craniotomies study did not include emergency patients and as there was a small number only in our study population this time, it is not possible to draw any firm conclusions at this time.
A variation of the POSSUM score for neurosurgical patients has been produced recently. [11] However, this is not specific for craniotomies, and includes minor 'neurosurgical' procedures such as carpal tunnel decompression. More importantly, it has not been validated outside of the Australian population and system, whereas this study supports a familiar and a most popular and recognised system to demonstrate that it can be used across countries.
Therefore, it will be simpler to adopt the P-POSSUM score into neurosurgical practice as it stands, rather than trying to improvise that and again looking at the validity of the new scoring system.
We conclude that P-POSSUM, but not POSSUM, is a useful scoring system that can be used comparing mortality data for neurosurgical patients undergoing craniotomy in different populations and healthcare systems (India and the UK). Although P-POSSUM seems to be a useful predictor in the emergency situation also, we would recommend further large scale work for its validation.
We would like to thank Joanne Roberts and John Paul Mercer for help with the statistical analysis of our data.
We are also thankful to trainees who helped in data collection, in particular Dr S. Lakhani, Dr. R. Paul, Dr. Pranee and Dr. A. Singh.
1. Ramesh VJ, Rao GS, Guha A, Thennarasu K. Evaluation of POSSUM and P-POSSUM scoring systems for predicting the mortality in elective neurosurgical patients. Br J Neurosurg 2008;22:275-8.
2. Copeland GP, Jones D, Walters M. POSSUM: A scoring system for surgical audit. Br J Surg 1991;78:355-60.
3. Prytherch DR, Whiteley MS, Higgins B, Weaver PC, Prout WG, Powell SJ. POSSUM and Portsmouth POSSUM for predicting mortality. Physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity. Br J Surg 1998;85:1217-20.
4. Zhong J, Zhao L, Zhou W, Li L, Shi X. Significance of the POSSUM scoring system in predicting morbidity and mortality in elderly patients after pancreatoduodenectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 2013;60:1211-6.
5. Richards CH, Leitch FE, Horgan PG, McMillan DC. A systematic review of POSSUM and its related models as predictors of post-operative mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2010;14:1511-20.
6. Parihar V, Sharma D, Kohli R, Sharma, DB. Risk adjustment for audit of low risk general surgical patients by Jabalpur-POSSUM score. Ind J Surg 2005;67:38-42.
7. Bennett-Guerrero E, Hyam JA, Shaefi S, Prytherch DR, Sutton GL, Weaver PC, et al. Comparison of P-POSSUM risk-adjusted mortality rates after surgery between patients in the USA and the UK. Br J Surg 2003;90:1593-8.
8. Available from: http://www.vasgbi.com/riskscores.php . [Last accessed on 2013 Jul 1].
9. Regenbogen SE, Ehrenfeld JM, Lipsitz SR, Greenberg CC, Hutter MM, Gawande AA. Utility of the surgical Apgar score: Validation in 4119 patients. Arch Surg 2009;144:30-6.
10. Tsai CL, Chu H, Peng GS, Ma HI, Cheng CA, Hueng DY. Preoperative APACHE II and GCS scores as predictors of outcomes in patients with malignant MCA infarction after decompressive hemicraniectomy. Neurol India 2012;60:608-12.
11. Chen W, Fong JW, Lind CR, Knuckey NW. P-POSSUM scoring system for mortality prediction in general neurosurgery. J Clin Neurosci 2010;17:567-70.
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5]
Mercer S J
Guha A
Ramesh V J
Craniotomy
P-POSSUM
© Indian Journal of Anaesthesia | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Online since 5th March, 2010


Unpacking the impact of Restorative Justice in the RISE experiments: Facilitators, offenders, and conference non-delivery.
Source: (2009) Publicly accessible Penn Dissertations. Paper 73.
Publicly accessible Penn Dissertations. Paper 73.


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Companies>Digital Realty
Digital Realty Acquires Amsterdam Site
Data center developer Digital Realty Trust (DLR) has purchased a 5.3 acre site in a suburb of Amsterdam, where it plans to build an 11.5 megawatt data center, the company said today.
Rich Miller | Jul 23, 2013
Data center developer Digital Realty Trust has purchased a 5.3 acre site in a suburb of Amsterdam, where it plans to build an 11.5 megawatt data center, the company said today. The 15,900 square meter development at De President, Hoofddorp, Haarlemmermeer will feature six data halls, each capable of supporting 1.92 megawatts of IT load, with dedicated infrastructure services and cooling options tailored to meet customers' needs.
Construction is expected to begin in the fourth quarter of 2013, with the first two data halls to be delivered in mid-2014. Each data hall will be designed using Digital Realty's POD 3.0 architecture, a modular approach to building mechanical and electrical systems. The site will also offer access to multiple Tier 1 and Tier 2 International Carriers, and will connect via Amsterdam's main fibre ring to Digital Realty's other European data centers as well as its U.S. locations.
"Amsterdam is ideally located at the heart of the demand we are seeing for today's networked data centre requirements across Europe," said Bernard Geoghegan, Managing Director, Europe, Middle East and Africa of Digital Realty. "Feedback from enterprises indicates that a 'well-connected' data centre is critical to their businesses. Transporting large volumes of data at high speeds is key to enabling IT initiatives, such as cloud computing. Our state-of-the-art De President facility will provide an ecosystem unrivalled in terms of connectivity to support companies of all sizes in Amsterdam."
Digital Realty Trust has 122 properties comprising approximately 22.7 million square feet of space in 32 markets throughout North America, Europe, Asia and Australia.
Data Center Giant Digital Realty Moving HQ from California to Texas
Digital Realty's Interxion Acquires Greek Data Center Firm Lamda Helix
Digital Realty's Business in Europe and Asia Outpaces North America
Digital Realty's Interxion Enters Southeast Europe Data Center Market


text:
Royalty.nu > World Royalty > European Royalty > Spain > Books About Spanish Royalty Help & FAQs
Royalty in Spain
Spain's King Juan Carlos ascended the throne in 1975. His wife, Queen Sofia, was born a Greek princess. Married in 1962, they had two daughters, Infanta Elena and Infanta Cristina, and a son, Felipe.
Prince Felipe married former television journalist Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano in 2004. Their first child, a girl named Leonor, was born in October 2005. Their second child, Sofía, was born in April 2007.
In 2014, King Juan Carlos decided to abdicate. His son was proclaimed King Felipe VI on June 19, 2014. The heir to the throne is Felipe's eldest child, Leonor, Princess of Asturias. After the abdication, King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia retained the titles king and queen. In 2020, amid scandals and investigations, Juan Carlos went into exile.
King Juan Carlos of Spain
Photo © 2007 by Aleph. License
Books About Spanish Royalty
Unless otherwise noted, these books are for sale at Amazon.com. Your purchase through these links will result in a commission for the owner of the Royalty.nu site.
Categories: Juan Carlos, History, Visigoths, Medieval, Aragon, Castile, Alfonso X, Al-Andalus, Inquisition, Isabella I, Joanna the Mad, Charles I, Philip II, 17th & 18th Centuries, Philip III, Philip IV, 19th & 20th Centuries, Bourbons, Habsburgs, Palaces & Art, Royalty & Theater, the Americas, Portugal
King Juan Carlos & Family
Juan Carlos: Steering Spain From Dictatorship to Democracy by Paul Preston. A 2004 biography of Spain's King Juan Carlos, who matured from a playful prince into the king who defended Spain's democracy.
The King: A Life of Juan Carlos of Spain by Jose Luis De Vilallonga. A 1994 biography of the calm man who starved off the 1981 military coup and went on to become the architect of the modern Spanish state.
Ladies of Spain by Andrew Morton. A look at the lives of Queen Sofía, wife of King Juan Carlos; their daughters, Elena and Cristina; and Letizia, wife of Juan Carlos's son, Felipe. This book is in Spanish.
La Soledad de la Reina - Sofia: Una Vida by Pilar Eyre. Biography of the queen of Spain, "a woman cold outside but passionate inside, with a difficult childhood and an adulthood full of deception and suffering." This book is in Spanish.
Adiós, Princesa by David Rocasolano. A tell-all book about Princess (now Queen) Letizia written by her cousin. This book is in Spanish.
Spanish History
Kingdoms of Faith: A New History of Islamic Spain by Brian A. Catlos. How Muslims, Christians, and Jews built a sophisticated civilization between the 7th century and the 17th century even as they waged relentless war against each other and themselves.
Rivers of Gold by Hugh Thomas. The rise of the Spanish empire, from Columbus to Magellan. Followed by two sequels, The Golden Empire and World Without End.
Empire: How Spain Became a World Power, 1492-1763 by Henry Kamen. Recreates the dazzling world of imperial Spain, from the capture of Moorish Granada to its expansion into Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean, and the opening up of the frontiers in Texas and California.
Imperial Spain 1469-1716 by John H. Elliot. Study of the sudden rise of a barren and isolated country to be the greatest power on earth, and its equally sudden decline.
A Concise History of Spain by William D. Phillips Jr. and Carla Rahn Phillips. A survey of Spain's complex history from prehistoric times to the modern era, with illustrations and maps.
The Story of Spain by Mark Williams. A brief, readable account of the country's rich history.
Polycentric Monarchies edited by Pedro Cardim, Tamar Herzog), José Javier Ruiz Ibáñez and Gaetano Sabatini. How early modern Spain and Portugal achieved and maintaind a global hegemony.
Books About the History of Portugal
Books About the Habsburgs
Visigothic Kings of Hispania
Visigothic Spain 409-711 by Roger Collins. Between the end of Roman rule in the early fifth century and the Arab conquest in the eighth, Spain was ruled by the Visigoths. This book looks at how the Visigothic kingdom was governed, the Arab conquest, and the rise of Spain as an intellectual force. I found it very interesting.
King Sisebut and the Culture of Visigothic Spain by John Martyn. Explores the intersection of the political and the religious in medieval times. Includes translations of selected letters of Sisebut, Sisebut's poetry, lives of saints Desiderius and Masona, and more.
The King and the Whore: King Roderick and La Cava by Elizabeth Drayson. King Roderic was an 8th century Visigoth king of Hispania. This book explores the legends about his relationship with a woman called La Cava.
A Chronicle of the Kings of the Visigoths: From Alraric to the Moorith Conquest (395-737 A.D.) by Malcolm Drew Donalson. Sorry, so far I can't find a description of this book.
Medieval Rulers
Caliphs and Kings: Spain, 796-1031 by Roger Collins. Investigates a time in Spanish history when Christians, Jews and Muslims lived in apparent harmony. Includes a broad treatment of the tenure of the Umayyad dynasty in Spain.
Queenship and Political Power in Medieval and Early Modern Spain edited by Theresa Earenfight. The essays in this collection demonstrate the range and depth of current research on Iberian queenship, and re-examine long-held assumptions about women and power in pre-modern Spain.
Transforming the State by Marta Vanlandingham. King, court, and political culture in the realms of Aragon, 1213-1387.
The Mediterranean World of Alfonso II and Peter II of Aragon by Ernest E. Jenkins. How Alfonso II (1162-1196) and his son Peter II (1196-1213) of Aragon forged a tighter Mediterranean regional network.
Power, Piety, and Patronage in Late Medieval Queenship: Maria de Luna by Nuria Silleras-Fernandez. Biography of María de Luna, wife of King Martin I of Aragon.
Elionor of Sicily, 1325-1375: A Mediterranean Queen of Two Worlds by Donald J. Kagay. Third wife of the King Peter IV of Aragon, Elionor was extremely active as a queen, feudal lord, and energetic builder of royal sites.
A Kingdom of Stargazers: Astrology and Authority in the Late Medieval Crown of Aragon by Michael A. Ryan. About 14th century kings and their astrologers.
The Chronicle of San Juan de la Pena translated by Lynn H. Nelson. A 14th century official history of the Crown of Aragon. Extensive notes explain critical passages and point out historical inaccuracies.
Kingship and Propaganda: Royal Eloquence and the Crown of Aragon C.1200-1450 by Suzanne F. Cawsey. Looks at letters of the kings and queens of Aragon and their advisers.
The King's Other Body: Maria of Castile and the Crown of Aragon by Theresa Earenfight. Queen María of Castile, wife of Alfonso V of Aragon, governed Catalunya in the mid-15th century with powers equivalent to the king's. This book is both a biography and an analysis of her political partnership with her husband.
Anti-Jewish Riots in the Crown of Aragon and the Royal Response, 1391-1392 by Benjamin R. Gampel. Explores why the royal family's authority failed to protect the Jews during devastating riots in Castile and Aragon.
Castile and Leon
The Queen's Hand: Power and Authority in the Reign of Berenguela of Castile by Janna Bianchini. Berenguela of Castile (1180-1246) inherited the Castilian throne, elevated her son, Fernando III, to kingship and ruled alongside him.
Berenguela the Great and Her Times (1180-1246) by Salvador H Martínez, translated by Odile Cisneros. Biography of Queen Berengaria of Castile, who dominated public life for over 40 years.
María de Molina, Queen and Regent: Life and Rule in Castile-León, 1259-1321 by Paulette Pepin. Biography of the wife of King Sancho IV, who protected the throne of her son Fernando IV and her grandson Alfonso XI.
Knights on the Frontier: The Moorish Guard of the Kings of Castile (1410-1467) by Ana Echevarria. The kings of Castile maintained a personal cavalry guard in the 15th century.
King Alfonso VIII of Castile: Government, Family, and War edited by Miguel Gómez, Kyle C. Lincoln, and Damian Smith. During his 57-year reign, Alfonso VIII was at the epicenter of dramatic events.
Alfonso X, King of Castile and Leon
The Wise King: A Christian Prince, Muslim Spain, and the Birth of the Renaissance by Simon R. Doubleday. A biography of Alfonso X, the 13th-century philosopher-king sith an affinity for Islamic culture.
Alfonso X, the Justinian of His Age: Law and Justice in Thirteenth-Century Castile by Joseph F. O'Callaghan. This legal and historical biography highlights the struggles the king faced in creating an all-embracing body of law.
Alfonso X, the Learned by H. Salvador Martinez. Biography of 13th century king of Castile, León and Galicia.
The Triumph of an Accursed Lineage: Kingship in Castile From Alfonso X to Alfonso XI (1252-1350) by Fernando Arias Guillén. How Alfonso XI ended the internal turmoil which plagued Castile.
Alfonso X, the Cortes, and Government in Medieval Spain by Joseph F. O'Callaghan. A collection of essays covering the Cortes and royal taxation, the economic and financial policies of Alfonso the Learned, kings and lords in conflict, and more.
Alfonso X & Literature
Alfonso X and the Cantigas De Santa Maria: A Poetic Biography by Joseph F. O'Callaghan. In the "Cantigas de Santa Maria," a collection of more than 400 poems in praise of the Virgin Mary, Alfonso X tells us about his family, his war against the Muslims, the treachery of the nobility, and more.
Songs of Holy Mary of Alfonso X, the Wise: A Translation of the Cantigas De Santa Maria by Alfonso X, translated by Kathleen Kulp-Hill.
Alfonso X: El Sabio: Cantigas De Loor by Alfonso X, edited by Martin G. Cunningham. An edition for performers and scholars of the "Cantigas de Loor," a sub-corpus of the "Cantigas of Santa Maria." Includes a chapter on the pronunciation of medieval Galician.
Supernatural in Early Spain Studied in the Works of the Court of Alfonso X, El Sabio by Frank Callcott. Analyzes references made in the works of Alfonso X to the supernatural.
Alfonso X of Castile-León: Royal Patronage, Self-Promotion and Manuscripts in Thirteenth-Century Spain by Kristin Kennedy. Argues that Alfonso preferred to restrict the literary works he commissioned to a courtly audience.
Chronicle of Alfonso X by Fernan Sanchez De Valladolid, translated by Shelby Thacker and Jose Escobar. Alfonso X, the Wise (1221-1284), king of Castille and Leon from 1252, is noted as a patron of science and the arts. This is a translation of the "Chronica de Alfonso X," commisioned by Alfonso XI in the 14th century to memorialize his grandfather.
Al-Andalus and Granada
Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus by Hugh Kennedy. The first study in English of the political history of Muslim Spain and Portugal based on Arab sources. It covers the region from 711 to the fall of Granada in 1492.
The Ornament of the World by Maria Rosa Menocal. How Muslims, Jews and Christians created a culture of tolerance in Medieval Spain.
Granada: A Pomegranate in the Hand of God by Steven Nightingale. During the Middle Ages, Moslems, Jews, and Christians, lived together in Granada.
Court of Lions: A Novel by Jane Johnson. This romantic saga tells the dual stories of a modern woman and the last Moorish sultan of Granada.
The Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition by Cecil Roth. History of the Spanish Inquisition, which from its establishment in 1478 until its abolishment in 1834 relentlessly sought to destroy everyone who was not a Roman Catholic Christian.
Inquisition: The Reign of Fear by Toby Green. Who were the Inquisition's targets? How and where did it operate? Why was it founded, and why did it last for so long? This book focuses on the stories of people from all walks of life who were affected by the Inquisition.
God's Jury: The Inquisition and the Making of the Modern World by Cullen Murphy. Established by the Catholic Church in 1231, the Inquisition continued for almost 700 years. It pioneered surveillance, censorship, and "scientific" interrogation.
Ferdinand and Isabella
Isabella: The Warrior Queen by Kirstin Downey. This biography tells the story of the fervent Queen Isabella of Castile, the faith that propelled her, and the land of ancient conflicts she brought under her command.
Isabel the Queen: Life and Times by Peggy K. Liss. Biography of Spain's powerful Queen Isabella I.
Isabella of Castile: The First Renaissance Queen by Nancy Rubin. This biography traces Isabella's development from an orphaned and neglected princess into Spain's most powerful monarch.
Isabella of Castile: Europe's First Great Queen by Giles Tremlett. The life of the controversial Spanish queen who led her country out of the Middle Ages.
Queen Isabel I of Castile: Power, Patronage, Persona edited by Barbara F. Weissberger. Essays examine how the Queen influenced music, literature, architecture, painting, and her own image.
The Castles and the Crown: Spain 1451-1555 by Townsend Miller. This illustrated history focuses on the royal family, particularly Queen Isabella and her daughter Joanna the Mad.
The Last Crusade in the West: Castile and the Conquest of Granada by Joseph F. O'Callaghan. The Muslim rulers of Granada acknowledged Castilian suzerainty, but in the late 15th century Fernando and Isabel launched a decade-long effort to subjugate the emirate for religious reasons.
Legitimizing the Queen: Propaganda and Ideology in the Reign of Isabel I of Castile by Cristina Guardiola-Griffiths. Examines literary works dedicated to Isabel that justified her sovereign claim to the throne.
The World of Columbus edited by James R. McGovern. Includes an essay on Spain during the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella.
Queen Isabella and the Unification of Spain by Nancy Whitelaw. Nonfiction for children ages 9 to 12.
Isabella in Fiction
The Queen's Vow by C. W. Gortner. Novel about the early years of Spain's warrior queen Isabella I, who united the country, started the Inquisition, and sent Columbus to discover a New World.
Queen's Cross by Lawrence Schoonover. Novel about Isabella of Castile, her husband Ferdinand of Aragon, and their reconquest of Spain.
The Inquisitor's Wife by Jeanne Kalogridis. A young woman's loyalty to her Jewish family is tested as never before when she becomes the favorite of Spain's ruthless Queen Isabella.
Crown of Aloes by Norah Lofts. Queen Isabella tells her own story in this novel by a popular 20th century writer.
Columbus and the Crowns by William H. Prescott is about Chistopher Columbus's dealings with Isabella and her husband, King Ferdinand.
Isabel Saves the Prince: Based on a True Story of Isabel I of Spain by Joan Holub, illustrated by Nonna Aleshina. Fiction for children ages 4 to 8.
Isabel I: Jewel of Castilla, Spain, 1466 by Carolyn Meyer is a novel for children from the "Royal Diaries" series for ages 9 and up.
Queen Joanna the Mad
Juana the Mad: Sovereignty and Dynasty in Renaissance Europe by Bethany Aram. The daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, Joanna went insane after the death of her beloved husband, Philip the Handsome. For more than 45 years she was confined in the castle of Tordesillas, where she died in 1555. Her eldest son was Holy Roman emperor Charles V.
Sister Queens: The Noble, Tragic Lives of Katherine of Aragon and Juana, Queen of Castile by Julia Fox. Dual biography of two daughters of Spain's King Fedinand and Queen Isabella. Juana unexpectedly became Spain's sovereign, but her authority was usurped by her husband and son. Katherine became the first wife of England's King Henry VIII and a key figure in a drama that altered the religious landscape.
Juana I: Legitimacy and Conflict in Sixteenth-Century Castile by Gillian B. Fleming. Examines the deep and lengthy crisis of legitimacy triggered by the death of Prince Juan of Castile and Aragon in 1497 and the ascent of Juana I to the throne in 1504.
The Last Queen: A Novel by C. W. Gortner. Challenges the myths about Queen Juana of Castile (Joanna the Mad), revealing a brave, determined woman.
That Other Juana by Linda Carlino. A story of obsessive love, uncontrolled passion, and cruel betrayal, set in 16th century Spain.
Reign of Madness by Lynn Cullen. Novel about the reign Spain's Queen Juana of Castile, also known as Juana the Mad.
The Scroll of Seduction by Gioconda Belli. Novel about a 16-year-old girl and an art historian who relive the story of Spanish queen Joanna the Mad and her legendary love for her husband, Philip the Handsome.
The Prisoner of Tordesillas by Lawrence L. Schoonover. A novel about Joanna the Mad.
The Secret Music at Tordesillas by Marjorie Sandor. It is 1555, and Juana I of Castile has died. Her musician refuses to leave the now-empty palace. But is it really empty?
Books About Joanna's Sister Katherine of Aragon
Charles I (Emperor Charles V)
The Golden Empire: Spain, Charles V and the Creation of America by Hugh Thomas. King Charles V exceeded his predecessors in his ambitions for conquest. At first he tried to maintain the humanity of his new subjects in the Americas, but in the end he was interested only in profit.
Charles V and the Castilian Assembly of the Clergy: Negotiations for the Ecclesiastical Subsidy by Sean T. Perrone. Illuminates the limits of royal control over the church in 16th century Castile.
The Empire of the Cities: Emperor Charles V, the Comunero Revolt, and the Transformation of the Spanish System by Aurelio Espinosa. Provides insight into the monarchical government, royal institutions and management procedures under Emperor Charles V.
More Books About Charles V
King Philip II
Philip of Spain by Henry Arthur Francis Kamen. Biography drawing on unpublished correspondence and other archival sources.
Philip of Spain, King of England: The Forgotten Sovereign by Harry Kelsey. The life of Spain's King Philip II. According to this book, during his marriage to Mary Tudor, Philip was an active king of England.
Imprudent King: A New Life of Philip II by Geoffrey Parker. A biography of Spain's King Felipe II, husband of England's Queen Mary I, based on documents that have changed significantly what we know about him.
Philip II by Patrick Williams. Looks at Philip's government and the pressures of his tortured private life, exploring the paradox of a prudent young ruler who became extraordinarily aggressive in old age, reshaping the world through his successes and failures.
World Without End: Spain, Philip II, and the First Global Empire by Hugh Thomas. Chronicles the lives, loves, conflicts, and conquests of the men and women who carved up the Americas for the glory of Spain.
The Courtier and the King: Ruy Gómez de Silva, Philip II, and the Court of Spain by James M. Boyden. Thanks to his oily affability, Ruy Gómez de Silva rose from obscurity to become the favorite and chief minister of the enigmatic Philip II.
Philip II of Spain and the Architecture of Empire by Laura Fernández-González. Philip II of Spain was a major patron of the arts, known for his magnificent palace and mausoleum.
A King Travels: Festive Traditions in Late Medieval and Early Modern Spain by Teofilo F. Ruiz. The scripting and performance of festivals in Spain between 1327 and 1620.
Philip and Mary I
Mary and Philip: The Marriage of Tudor England and Habsburg Spain by Alexander Samson. Argues for Mary as a great Catholic queen while fleshing out Philip's important contributions in England.
More Books About Mary I
For a Queen's Love: The Stories of the Royal Wives of Philip II by Jean Plaidy. The story of Philip II of Spain: fanatic, murderer, husband, father, and lover. First published in 1954 as "The Spanish Bridegroom."
The Creation of Eve by Lynn Cullen. Novel based on the story of artist Sofonisba Anguissola at the court of King Felipe II.
Monarchy and Liberalism in Spain: The Building of the Nation-State, 1780-1931 edited by David San Narciso, Margarita Barral Martínez, and Carolina Armenteros. Essays discuss the eve of the French Revolution, the unstable reign of Isabel II, the republican monarchy of Amadeo I, and Alfonso XIII's expulsion from Spain.
17th and 18th Centuries
The Resilience of the Spanish Monarchy 1665-1700 by Christopher Storrs. A new appraisal of the reasons for the survival of Spain and its empire under the last Spanish Habsburg, Carlos II.
The Prince and the Infanta: The Cultural Politics of the Spanish Match by Glyn Redworth. About one of the most bizarre episodes in British history -- the struggle of a 17th century Prince of Wales to win a Spanish princess as his bride.
Voices of Conscience by Nicole Reinhardt. Royal confessors and political counsel in 17th century Spain and France.
Politics and Piety at the Royal Sites of the Spanish Monarchy in the Seventeenth Century edited by Jose Eloy Hortal Munoz. Institutions under royal control included residences, convent-palaces, and monasteries.
King Philip III
Raised to Rule: Educating Royalty at the Court of the Spanish Habsburgs, 1601-1634 by Martha K. Hoffman. Draws on palace rulebooks, chronicles, household accounts, correspondence, and other documents of the time.
The Empress, the Queen, and the Nun by Magdalena S. Sanchez is about three powerful women in the court of Philip III of Spain -- Empress Maria, Margaret of Austria, and Margaret of the Cross.
England and Spain in the Early Modern Era by Óscar Alfredo Ruiz Fernández. Royal love, diplomacy, trade and naval relations, under Philip III and Philip IV, 1604-25.
The Great Favourite: The Duke of Lerma and the Court and Government of Philip III of Spain, 1598-1621 by Patrick Williams. Biography of Francisco Gómez de Sandoval, Duke of Lerma (1553-1625).
King Philip IV
Philip IV and the Government of Spain, 1621-1665 by R. A. Stradling. The political history of Philip's reign and the role of the king.
Royal Favouritism and the Governing Elite of the Spanish Monarchy, 1640-1665 by Alistair Malcolm. A study of the later years of the reign of Philip IV from the perspective of his favourite (valido), don Luis Mendez de Haro, and other ministers.
A Palace for a King: The Buen Retiro and the Court of Philip IV by Jonathan Brown and Sir John Elliott. The Buen Retiro, a royal pleasure palace, was built for Philip IV of Spain in the 1630s. This is a total history of its construction, decoration, and use.
Paintings for the Planet King: Philip IV and the Buen Retiro Palace edited by Andres Ubeda De Los Cobos. Philip IV of Spain (r. 1621-65) was known as the Planet King. This book is a guide the 800 paintings by master artists that once hung in his Buen Retiro Palace. Illustrated.
Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman: Mariana of Austria and the Government of Spain by Silvia Z. Mitchell. When Philip IV of Spain died in 1665, his heir, Carlos II, was three years old. This book is an account of his mother's ten-year regency and her subsequent role as queen mother.
Philip V
Philip V of Spain: The King Who Reigned Twice by Henry Arthur Francis Kamen. Sympathetic biography of the 18th century Spanish king who suffered from depression (and sometimes thought he was a frog). The title refers to the fact that Philip abdicated in favor of his son but later returned to the throne.
Patrons, Partisans, and Palace Intrigues: The Court Society of Colonial Mexico 1702-1710 by Christoph Rosenmüller. Appointed viceroy of New Spain by King Philip V, the Duke of Alburquerque thwarted Spanish reform efforts and persecuted local craftsmen and merchants. In the end, a clique at the royal court in Madrid sought revenge.
Modernizing the Nation by Javier Moreno Luzón. A short history of Spain during the reign of Alfonso XIII, 1902-1931.
Ena: Spain's English Queen by Gerald Noel. Biography of Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, nicknamed Ena. A granddaughter of Queen Victoria, she married Spain's King Alfonso XIII.
Royal Vendetta: The Crown of Spain 1829-1965 by Theo Aronson. The story of the fight for the throne of Spain between the Bourbon and Carlist pretenders.
Raising Heirs to the Throne in Nineteenth-Century Spain: The Education of the Constitutional Monarch by Richard Meyer Forsting. About Isabel II (1830-1904), Alfonso XII (1857-1885) and Alfonso XIII (1886-1941) during their time as monarchs-in-waiting.
The Reign in Spain: Fall & Rise of the Spanish Monarchy by W. Kristjan Arnold. How the monarchy fell in the 1930s, how royalists schemed to get the throne back, and how that goal was achieved.
Royalty and Theater
Majesty and Humanity: Kings and Their Doubles in the Political Drama of the Spanish Golden Age by Alban K. Forcione. In an age of regal spectacles, Spanish theater showed a surprising preoccupation with the disrobing of the king, reflecting a struggle to reconcile the monarch and the man.
Gendering the Crown in the Spanish Baroque Comedia by Maria Cristina Quintero. Playwrights such as Pedro Calderon de la Barca and Francisco Bances Cadamo repeatedly staged fantasies of feminine rule.
Monarchy, Political Culture and Drama in Seventeenth-Century Madrid: Theater of Negotiation by Jodi Campbell. Analyzes portrayals of kingship during the age of absolutism. Spanish popular theater is shown to favor the idea of reciprocal obligations between subjects and monarch.
Spanish Palaces and Art
Spanish Splendor: Great Palaces, Castles, and Country Homes by Juan José Junquera y Matos and Enrique Ruspoli y Morenés, photographs by Roberto Schezen. Visits more than 30 historically significant properties, from Aragon, Galicia, and the Basque regions in the north to the central cities of Madrid and Toledo, from the fabled Andalusian cities of Seville and Granada in the south to the Catalan capital, Barcelona.
Gardens, Landscape, and Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain by D. Fairchild Ruggles. A history of the gardens and palatine architecture of Islamic Spain.
The Alhambra: From Darkness to Light photos by Adrian Tyler. Photographs of the palace built by Moorish rulers in Spain during the Middle Ages.
Gardens of the Alhambra by Maria del Mar Villafranca-Jiménez. A comprehensive book illustrated with photos, plans, and previously unpublished archive material.
The Royal Chapel in the Time of the Habsburgs: Music and Court Ceremony in Early Modern Europe edited by Tess Knighton, Juan José Carreras, Bernardo Garcéa García. The royal chapel established by Philip II in Madrid was a central institution of royal power until well into the 18th century. Using it as a focus, the essays in this illustrated volume examine the development of the main court chapels of Europe.
The Escoriál: Art and Power in the Renaissance by Henry Kamen. Looks at King Philip II's motives for building the Escorial, a Spanish royal palace, and the meaning of its design.
Resplendence of the Spanish Monarchy by Antonio Dominguez Ortiz, Concha Herrero Carretero, and Jose A. Godoy. Renaissance tapestries and armor from Spain's royal sites.
Framing Majismo: Art and Royal Identity in Eighteenth-Century Spain by Tara Zanardi. How the popularity of traditional Spanish customs and garment helped the Bourbons fashion themselves as the legitimate rulers of Spain. Illustrated.
The Art of Power: Royal Armour and Portraits From Imperial Spain published by TF Editores. Catalogue for a Washington National Gallery of Art exhibition of armor and paintings from the collection of the Royal Palace in Madrid.
Portuguese Royalty
The Habsburgs
Royalty in the Americas
World Royal History
Worldwide Royal News
Official Page of the House of S.M. King
National Heritage (official site)
Fundación Reina Sofía (official site)
The Prince of Asturias Foundation (official site)
Wikipedia - Spanish Monarchs
Wikipedia - Infanta Eulalia of Spain
Sites in Spanish:
La Moncloa
Monarquía Confidencial
Wedding of Prince Felipe & Princess Letizia (in Spanish)
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Nick, the engineer, has been busy in the empty hole down the back of Waiouru. After several days of listing to cheerful (but tuneless) whistling and singing, progress has been made. The Hurricane heater is now fully plumbed and is also connected to the dedicated secondary diesel tank.
Nick is particularly proud of his copper piping fitted to the "swirl pot" (the largish copper cylinder in the upper middle right of the above photo). It's the first Hurricane he has fitted and the first time he has come across a swirl pot for a heater. Apparently the Webasto and Eberspacher heaters don't have one! The swirl pot is fitted into the hot water return pipe. The returning water is forced to swirl around in the pot separating any water and air. The water passes horizontally through the pot back into the heater, whilst the air goes out the top of the pot through the copper pipe into the header tank which is located above the heater in the port locker. Nick has ensured all the plumbing and fuel pipes between the boat and heater have a rubber hose connection in them to reduce possible heater vibration migrating into Waiouru. All the heater now requires is an electrical connection.
He has done a very tidy job installing the diesel fuel lines to the heater.
The send and return lines have been protected by enclosing them in ½" braided plastic hose and secured to a horizontal steel rod using cable ties. There is a fuel filter behind the deck drain hose (left arrow).
I hadn't realised the boat muffler was known as a hospital silencer because it gets wrapped in a blanket!
Nick was fitting the thermal blanket in the workshop this afternoon when I called out to him whilst I had my finger on the camera shutter.
All the silencer now requires are three bands of 32 gauge wire to retain the blanket in place and it can then be fitted.
Apparently the plan is to fit the engine later this coming week.
I thought that these silencers were called "hospital" ones because when hospitals had back up generators to back up the electricity supply they had to have special extra quiet silencers so that the patients did not get disturbed by any noise if the generator had to be run ?
Mmmm swirl pot - wish I had one of those!
You're right Alf. It was a very "tongue in cheek" comment from me!
David, Another thing that was too hard for Benny Boy to fit?


If you've been around databases for any length of time, you may already know that SQL stands for Structured Query Language. You may also know that SQL is usually pronounced "sequel", not "squell" or "ess que ell" (or worse). But you may not know how this decidedly non-phonetic pronunciation became the de facto standard.
As usual, laywers are to blame.
When the query language that became known as SQL was first developed by IBM in the 1970's, the language was known as SEQUEL, short for Structured English QUEry Language. However, to IBM's chagrin, SEQUEL was already a trademark of a English aircraft manufacturer. So to avoid legal difficulties, the "English" was dropped from the acronym, and SEQUEL became SQL. But since everyone at IBM was already used to calling the language "sequel", the pronunciation persevered even after the name change.
Which is why if you're talking to a database guru and refer to "ess que ell", he will look at you like you are an absolute idiot.


Annie's Project offered in Scottsbluff in Sept.
Nebraska Extension is excited to offer Annie's Project in Scottsbluff, beginning in September. Annie's Project empowers farm and ranch women to be better business partners through networks and by managing and organizing critical information.
The six-week course is designed especially for farm and ranch women to help them develop their management and decision-making skills for their operations. Sessions include brief presentations, hands-on learning projects and discussions focused on the participants' questions.
Annie's Project gives farm and ranch women the opportunity to learn from agricultural professionals and network with other women in similar situations.
Annie's Project meets from 5:30-8:30 p.m. on Sept. 10, Sept. 17, Sept. 24, Oct. 1, Oct. 8, and Oct. 15. Topics include understanding market terminology, interpreting financial statements, and sifting through estate planning tools.
The cost is $75 per person. Participants will receive handouts, and an Annie's Project portfolio and a light dinner at each meeting. Course size is limited. Pre-registration is due by Aug. 31, 2015. Annie's Project is being funded by a grant from the USDA Risk Management Agency.
For more information and to register, call Jessica Groskopf at 308-632-1247, jgroskopf2@unl.edu.


We'll Be Laughing All the Way to the Bank, Right?
Because not everyone is buying rosy economic predictions.
Gregory Daco is chief U.S. economist at Oxford Economics.
Business investment and exports will be stronger engines of growth, but consumer spending trends are increasingly reflecting a maturing economy. Meanwhile, elevated stock market valuations pose a significant risk.
So, politically speaking, Trump will deliver on his fiscal stimulus promises, but his administration will also fall short on promises for growth. As a result, we may see a more pronounced lean toward protectionist policies throughout 2018, which would hurt trade and economic activity in the long run. On the Federal Reserve front, a more hawkish Federal Open Market Committee will deliver three rate hikes, despite core inflation remaining below the 2 percent objective, and further tightening could create an adverse surprise for markets.
The economy will continue to rotate away from consumer spending as the sole engine of growth, with business investment and exports becoming greater drivers. Strong global demand, along with increased policy and demand certainty, will allow business investment and exports, which jointly represent about a third of the economy, to contribute over 1 percentage point to real GDP growth for the first time in four years. Household outlays, which represent about 70 percent of the economy, should add close to 2 percentage points so that it won't take much to reach the symbolic 3 percent growth mark.
Yet there is an important downside risk from the recent "savings dip." Since early 2016, real consumer outlays have continually outpaced real income gains, leading to a significant decline in the personal savings rate — reaching a decade low of only 3 percent in September. The 3 percentage point drop from 6 percent at the start of 2016 can be explained by a combination of factors including still-modest wage growth, moderating credit growth and rising stock prices. And, while it is nearly impossible to distinguish the dominating factor, it appears that the massive 35 percent gain in stock prices since the start of 2016 has been an important driver leading to a $10 trillion increase in household net worth.
Why worry? Well, if income growth remains sluggish and total spending is increasingly supported by high-income earners and elevated stock market valuations, then a stock market correction could lead to a significant negative effect on consumer outlays, business activity and, in turn, the overall economy. Indeed, a negative wealth effect would mean reduced spending by high-income households, while a negative confidence effect would limit spending across all middle- and low-income families.
On the policy front, the administration has managed to deliver on its pro-growth initiatives, with passage of a $1.5 trillion fiscal stimulus package. Lower individual income tax rates across the seven tax brackets, a doubling of standard deductions and an increase in the child tax credit should lift disposable income growth in 2018 and support firmer consumer outlays. But note that tax reductions will be quite regressive, with about 50 percent of the household tax cuts going to the top 5 percent of income earners and 20 percent going to the top 1 percent of income earners in the first year. Since only a third of the tax cuts would go to the bottom four quintiles of income earners, the average fiscal multiplier on income tax cuts would be only 0.30 — in other words, for every tax cut dollar, the boost to the economy will be just 30 cents.
On the corporate side, the tax package assumes a reduction in the statutory tax rate from 35 to 21 percent, a repeal of the corporate alternative minimum tax and a five-year increase in expensing allowances for capital equipment (i.e., 100 percent bonus depreciation). These measures should lift business investment growth to its fastest pace in over four years, up to the 6 to 8 percent range.
A lot is changing at the Federal Reserve. Chair Janet Yellen will be replaced by Jerome Powell. Randal Quarles (nominated by Trump) and Lael Brainard (an Obama nominee) could be joined by Marvin Goodfriend, who was recently nominated by Trump, but this would still leave three empty seats on the Board of Governors. Further, the changing of the guard among voting regional Fed presidents will tilt the FOMC toward a moderately more hawkish stance with two hawks, two moderates and one dove in 2018.
With the economy currently close to potential and limited supply-side benefits to the tax cut package, expansionary fiscal policy will lead to modest inflationary pressures. Given the Fed has effectively lowered the inflation bar for future rate hikes, even a modest rise in inflation from 2017 is likely to lead to further rate hikes. And, since the Fed managed to raise rates three times in 2017 without any major market disruption, it is very likely that we will see at least another three rate increases in 2018. With markets only pricing in two rate hikes next year, however, three or more hikes could potentially prove disruptive for stock prices — another risk for the U.S. economy.
In short, while the $1.5 trillion Tax Cuts and Jobs Act will push the U.S. economy toward 3 percent growth in 2018, we should not discount the risks emanating from a potential stock price correction, a more hawkish Fed or more protectionist trade policies.


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Target/Movies, Music & Books/Books/All Book Genres/Nature
Mushrooms of the Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada - (Timber Press Field Guide) by Timothy J Baroni (Paperback)
Suggested Age: 22 Years and Up
Series Title: Timber Press Field Guide
Genre: Nature
Sub-Genre: Plants
Publisher: Timber Press (OR)
Book theme: Mushrooms
Author: Timothy J Baroni
Street Date: July 12, 2017
Origin: Made in the USA or Imported
An indispensable guide to finding and identifying the mushrooms of the Northeast.
A must-have for mushroom hunters in the northeast
The Northeast is one of the best places to find mushrooms; they are both abundant and spectacularly diverse. Mushrooms of the Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada is a compact, beautifully illustrated guide packed with descriptions and photographs of more than 500 of the region's most conspicuous, distinctive, and ecologically important mushrooms.
Covers Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Ontario, and most of Quebec
More than 550 superb color photographs
Helpful keys for identification
Clear, color-coded layout
An essential reference for mushroom enthusiasts, hikers, and naturalists
Review Quotes
"Excellent descriptions, taxonomic synonyms, [and] habitat descriptions." --Choice
"The book is beautiful. I know it's practical, and it's got a lot of information, but just to flip through it and look at the diversity of the mushrooms--I find it really interesting." --The Weekend Gardener
"Comprehensively definitive and thoroughly user friendly." --Midwest Book Review
"Offers the best combination of sufficiently comprehensive descriptions and large, close at hand photos." --The Mycophile
"Most new publications on mushrooms [were] of little help until Baroni published his Mushrooms of the Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada in 2017. . . . made mushroom study as interesting for me as when I first saw Lincoff's book back in 1981." --Orillia Packet and Times
"Concise and informative field guide that surely will become a standard reference for mushroom hunters in the Northeast!" --The New Jersey Mycological Association
"This volume is a clear and impressive standout which can be recommended without reservation. . . . It deserves to become a standard reference and will doubtless soon be seen as a faithful companion volume on forays throughout its target area." --Long Island Mycological Club
"A wise and user-friendly book. . . truly wonderful." --Coventry Courier
Estimated ship dimensions: 1.3 inches length x 6.1 inches width x 8.3 inches height
We regret that this item cannot be shipped to PO Boxes.
This item cannot be shipped to the following locations: United States Minor Outlying Islands, American Samoa (see also separate entry under AS), Puerto Rico (see also separate entry under PR), Northern Mariana Islands, Virgin Islands, U.S., APO/FPO, Guam (see also separate entry under GU)
This item must be returned within 90 days of the date it was purchased in store, shipped, delivered by a Shipt shopper, or made ready for pickup.
The Complete Mushroom Hunter, Revised - by Gary Lincoff (Paperback)
Trees of the Eastern and Central United States and Canada - by William M Harlow (Paperback)
Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms of New England and Eastern Canada - by David L Spahr (Paperback)
Carnivorous Plants of the United States and Canada - 2nd Edition by Donald E Schnell (Paperback)
Sketches of Canada and the United States - (Travel in America) by William MacKenzie (Paperback)
Paleontology and Geology of the Martinsburg, Shawangunk, Onondaga, and Hornerstown Formations (Northeastern United States) with Some Field Guides
Common Native Bees of the Eastern United States - (Adventure Quick Guides) by Heather Holm (Spiral Bound)


text:
John Greenhalgh, Ph.D.
Consulting Medical Physicist
Dr. Greenhalgh earned his A.B. degree in physics from Princeton University in 1976, where as a senior he worked at the Princeton Cyclotron in experimental nuclear physics under the direction of Stuart J. Freedman. He completed his Ph.D. at Stanford University in 1981, where he studied under Mel Schwartz (a 1988 Nobel laureate in physics), specializing in experimental elementary particle physics. In 1981, Dr. Greenhalgh returned to Princeton as a post-doctoral research associate and later became a Lecturer in the Department of Physics. In 1985, he joined FONAR Corp. as a Research Scientist – Engineer and since 1987 has served as FONAR's Director of MRI Applications Research. In that capacity, Dr. Greenhalgh has had broad responsibilities in pulse sequence programming and software development, field service, and clinical applications. He is now very happy to bring his many years of imaging expertise to bear as a consulting physicist for West Physics.
Dr. Greenhalgh is originally from New City, New York.
Doctor of Philosophy in Physics – Stanford University
Bachelor of Arts in Physics – Princeton University
W. Geoffrey West, Ph.D., DABR, CHP
President & Chief Medical Physicist
Zubair H. Abbasi, M.S., DABR
Vice President of Technical Operations & Senior Medical Physicist
Catherine M. Anderko, M.S., DABR, CHP
Vice President of Radiation Safety & Health Physics
Vinobalan "Vino" Durairaj, Ph.D., DABR
Chicago Field Office Director & Senior Medical Physicist
Jiali Wang, Ph.D., DABR
Senior Medical Physicist


text:
Arzak in San Sebastian, Spain - 3 Michelin stars
This year marks the 25th anniversary of Arzak in San Sebastian, Spain, as a three Michelin star restaurant. When Chef/patron Juan Mari Arzak was awarded the third star in 1989, he was the second Spanish chef to receive this honour. Arzak was originally established as a tavern by Juan Mari's grandparents in 1897. Juan Mari has been in charge of the kitchen since 1967 and he was one of the founding fathers of the Nueva Cosina Vasca (New Basque Cuisine) movement that started in Spain in the late 70s, a cuisine that found international acclaim in the 1990s.
Working alongside her father and joined head chef since 1996 is Elena Arzak, the fourth generation in the Arzak family business. Father and daughter have become an illustrious duo and Elena is certainly a renowned chef in her own right. Arzak has held a top 10 position in the World's 50 Best restaurant lists since 2006, having occupied the number 8 spot since 2011. In 2012 Elena Arzak picked up the San Pellegrino's Best Female Chef Award. Apart from the San Sebastian flagship there's also a London Arzak restaurant called 'Ametsa with Arzak Instruction', located at the Halkin Hotel.
Arzak is open for lunch and dinner Tuesday till Saturday. The restaurants offers an a la carte menu and a 7-course tasting menu for €189. For some reason, the menu stipulated explicitly that the tasting menu cannot be mixed with dishes from the a la carte menu. I had lunch with my husband at Arzak on Tuesday 1 April 2014 and we both ordered the tasting menu.
To start there were five appetisers. Scorpio fish wrapped in crisp Kataifi pastry - Mango, lightly marinated with tonic and a mango parcel with a deliciously intense, smoky chorizo filling - Juicy and beefy mushrooms filled with citrus cream and pine nuts - a bottle with an apricot and dried beef "cork", filled with a concentrated bean and apple soup and a bean foam - crunchy sweet carrots topped with sliced, pickled Guindilla peppers and an anchovy cream. Five delicious appetisers with attractive flavours.
First course of the tasting menu was a combination of foie gras and apple. Three foie gras bonbons, coated with a mixture of chopped almonds and pistachios, and covered with thin slices of beetroot-injected apple, accompanied by a potato cracker, dots of leek sauce and thin, saffron-like threads of chilli. The flavour marriage of foie gras and apple worked wonderfully in this dish. The foie gras had a lovely buttery texture, the nut mixture provided a nice contrast, the apple delivering a fresh touch. Loved the subtle heat from the chilli threads, but the leek sauce didn't really add much to the dish and the beetroot was lost on me.
Shortly after the second course arrived: Volcanic oysters with smoked vegetables. Two gigantic oysters (cooked a la plancha), artichokes, edible flowers, red currants, sea grapes and carrots, served in a bowl made from black volcanic rock salt. Lovely rich, mildly smoky oysters, that had a nice meaty texture and their sweetness was intensified by the artichokes.
This was followed by a dish described on the menu as Ovo-lacto. On the plate was a crispy egg with a perfectly runny yolk, a liquid blue cheese sphere, some 'sacha incha' (also known as Inca peanut) crumble, a wedge of local cheese soaked in port, a wonderfully brittle milk crisp and tomato, parsley and green tea powder. Not the most attractive dish to look at, but flavourwise it delivered, the powders playing a surprisingly crucial part.
Fourth course was (as described on the menu): "Monkfish with sea buckthorn and crispy lobster roe". Succulent monkfish, superbly cooked a la plancha, served with a creamy 'salsa verde', some soft and sweet roasted garlic and covered with a puffed rice and seaweed 'cloche'. The cloche wasn't just there for show. When combined with the monkfish and salsa verde, it delivered a marvellous fusion of Spanish and Asian flavours and a great textural contrast. Unfortunately I wasn't able to identify the sea buckthorn and crispy lobster roe on the plate. There was a sauce with a bright orange colour similar to sea buckthorn, but to me that tasted like a (rather lovely) red pepper sauce.
Last course before dessert was tender and flavoursome pigeon, served with a pigeon jus, a concentrated grape sauce/puree, pumpkin seed puree, and two sticky sunflower seed and caramel 'towers'. A confit pigeon leg with apple and almonds was served on the side. A magnificent and quite intoxicating combination of flavours. Lovely rich, buttery flavours from the pumpkin seed puree and the sunflower seeds delivered great crunch. Last but not least the grape sauce; it had a great depth of flavour and a lovely hint of cacao.
Dessert was excellent. A large chocolate truffle with a filling of creamy chocolate, candy floss and crunchy bread crumbs. With the truffle came a lovely chocolate and orange liqueur sauce and a even better chocolate and carob sauce, the latter having gorgeous earthy-sweet, almost mushroom-like flavours.
Last and seventh course was a "Açai Granita". An elegant and refreshing granita (although I'm not sure what it was actually made of), served with small pieces of frozen Açai berry juice and a deliciously creamy and mildy bitter almond ice cream.
Chocolates to go with our coffees.
Arzak is a legendary restaurant. Next to Mugaritz, Arzak is the only top ten restaurant from the 2006 World's 50 best list to still be in the top ten. In Spain, its credentials are second to none. It enjoys an enviable international reputation that is perhaps only matched by El Celler de Can Roca in Girona and, indeed, Mugaritz. Accordingly, my expectations were high when I came here. But the gastronomically dazzling experience that I was hoping for, did not materialise. The kitchen at Arzak produces interesting and creative dishes that display a lot of technique but not everything works.
Both the monkfish and the pigeon were fantastic, but some of the other dishes missed the mark. Surprisingly, the English version of the menu was a slightly fanciful cryptogram. Service was friendly, but also came across as rather indifferent. The pace was high; the entire meal was pushed through in about 2 hours. Frankly, I wasn't excited by the overall experience at Arzak. The food was outstanding, but certainly not extraordinary. My lunch at Arzak was a rather anonymous affair, but then so was I - and I wanted to be. The rave stories however, all seem to come from people dining at the 'kitchen table'. Could it be that at Arzak, all guests are equal but some more equal than others? I have no intention of finding out.


text:
The Specials, one of the most electrifying, influential and important bands of all time, will be releasing a special limited edition double vinyl set of their number 1 album "Encore" on July 19th. The translucent red 2xLP format includes "Best of The Specials, Live" and "Encore", the band's first new music for 37 years. "Encore" entered the UK album chart at no. 1 and was received with widespread critical acclaim and an acknowledgement from fans and critics alike, that The Specials' music is every bit as vital and relevant today as it was 40 years ago.
https://schoolkidsrecords.com 602577625886
Label: ISLAND
Encore [Deluxe Red 2LP]
Artist: The Specials
1. Black Skin Blue Eyed Boys
2. B.L.M
3. Vote For Me
4. The Lunatics
6. Blam Blam Fever
7. 10 Commandments
8. Embarrassed By You
9. The Life And Times (Of A Man Called Depression)
10. We Sell Hope
1. Gangsters (Live At Le Bataclan)
2. A Message To You, Rudy (Live At Le Bataclan)
3. Nite Klub (Live At The Troxy)
4. Friday Night, Saturday Morning (Live At Le Bataclan)
5. Stereotype (Live At Le Bataclan)
6. Redemption Song (Live At The Troxy)
7. Monkey Man (Live At Le Bataclan)
8. Too Much Too Young (Live At The Troxy)
9. Enjoy Yourself (It's Later Than You Think) (Live At Le Bataclan)
10. Ghost Town (Live At Le Bataclan)
11. All The Time In The World (Live At The Troxy)


text:
package com.topie.api.humantask;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import com.topie.api.form.FormDTO;

import com.topie.core.page.Page;

public interface HumanTaskConnector {
    /**
     * 创建任务.
     */
    HumanTaskDTO createHumanTask();

    /**
     * 删除任务.
     */
    void removeHumanTask(String humanTaskId);

    void removeHumanTaskByTaskId(String taskId);

    void removeHumanTaskByProcessInstanceId(String processInstanceId);

    /**
     * 更新任务.
     */
    HumanTaskDTO saveHumanTask(HumanTaskDTO humanTaskDto);

    HumanTaskDTO saveHumanTask(HumanTaskDTO humanTaskDto,
            boolean triggerListener);

    /**
     * 保存任务,同时处理参与者.
     */
    HumanTaskDTO saveHumanTaskAndProcess(HumanTaskDTO humanTaskDto);

    /**
     * 完成任务.
     */
    void completeTask(String humanTaskId, String userId, String comment,
            Map<String, Object> taskParameters);

    /**
     * 领取任务.
     */
    void claimTask(String humanTaskId, String userId);

    /**
     * 释放任务。
     */
    void releaseTask(String humanTaskId, String comment);

    /**
     * 转发任务.
     */
    void transfer(String humanTaskId, String userId, String comment);

    /**
     * 取消转办.
     */
    void cancel(String humanTaskId, String userId, String comment);

    /**
     * 回退,指定节点,重新分配.
     */
    void rollbackActivity(String humanTaskId, String activityId, String comment);

    /**
     * 回退,指定节点,上个执行人.
     */
    void rollbackActivityLast(String humanTaskId, String activityId,
            String comment);

    /**
     * 回退,指定节点,指定执行人.
     */
    void rollbackActivityAssignee(String humanTaskId, String activityId,
            String userId, String comment);

    /**
     * 回退,上个节点,重新分配.
     */
    void rollbackPrevious(String humanTaskId, String comment);

    /**
     * 回退,上个节点,上个执行人.
     */
    void rollbackPreviousLast(String humanTaskId, String comment);

    /**
     * 回退,上个节点,指定执行人.
     */
    void rollbackPreviousAssignee(String humanTaskId, String userId,
            String comment);

    /**
     * 回退,开始事件,流程发起人.
     */
    void rollbackStart(String humanTaskId, String comment);

    /**
     * 回退,流程发起人.
     */
    void rollbackInitiator(String humanTaskId, String comment);

    /**
     * 撤销.
     */
    void withdraw(String humanTaskId, String comment);

    /**
     * 协办.
     */
    void delegateTask(String humanTaskId, String userId, String comment);

    /**
     * 协办,链状.
     */
    void delegateTaskCreate(String humanTaskId, String userId, String comment);

    /**
     * 沟通.
     */
    void communicate(String humanTaskId, String userId, String comment);

    /**
     * 反馈.
     */
    void callback(String humanTaskId, String userId, String comment);

    /**
     * 跳过.
     */
    void skip(String humanTaskId, String userId, String comment);

    void saveParticipant(ParticipantDTO participantDto);

    HumanTaskDTO findHumanTaskByTaskId(String taskId);

    List<HumanTaskDTO> findHumanTasksByProcessInstanceId(
            String processInstanceId);

    HumanTaskDTO findHumanTask(String humanTaskId);

    List<HumanTaskDTO> findSubTasks(String parentTaskId);

    FormDTO findTaskForm(String humanTaskId);

    List<HumanTaskDefinition> findHumanTaskDefinitions(
            String processDefinitionId);

    void configTaskDefinitions(String businessKey,
            List<String> taskDefinitionKeys, List<String> taskAssigness);

    Page findPersonalTasks(String userId, int pageNo, int pageSize);

    Page findFinishedTasks(String userId, int pageNo, int pageSize);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Click the "Add package" button to add additional packages, and select PSS.
The Public Services Section provides communication, education, and professional growth and development among individuals who provide reference information, literature searches, interlibrary loan, circulation, and instructional services in health sciences libraries.
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WebRTC standards provide a means for ensuring complete call security. When making calls over the public internet it is important to ensure that the call is secure or else someone other than the intended peer could easily eavesdrop on the call. It is even possible to alter the call if it is not properly secured. In order to provide complete call secrecy it is necessary to encrypt both the signaling and media channels.
WebRTC provides security in the signaling channel using the WebSockets protocol over a Transport Layer Security (TLS) secured connection. This protocol begins by creating a secure TLS connection to a Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server and beginning the WebSocket handshake. During the TLS establishment the client will ask the server for its certificate which the client will then verify against a trusted Certificate Authority (CA). The CA's pubic certificate will be able to verify if the server's certificate was indeed signed by the CA's private key. The CA's signing of the server's certificate indicates that the CA trusts the identity of the server and therefore the client can also trust them. This is referred to as the chain of trust. After the certificate verification takes place the client can be confident that the server is not an imposter trying to intercept the call and can continue with the establishment of a secure connection.
Security in the media layer is done using the Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) which encrypts the media before sending it to the peer. WebRTC defines Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) as a key establishment method for SRTP. DTLS has a similar handshake to that of TLS where peers send certificates to each other. As part of the DTLS-SRTP handshake the endpoints will send a cryptographic fingerprint of their certificates over the signaling layer that has already been secured. These fingerprints can be used along with the peer's certificate to verify that the peer in the signaling layer is the same as the peer in the media layer. This ensures that there are no devices in the media layer attempting a man in the middle attack to eavesdrop on the media of the call. The combination of these security technologies ensures that the WebRTC call remains secure throughout every layer.


text:
11.00 Us, Here and Now (But Not Only Us, Not Only Here and Not Only Now): Or, Scaling Affiliations of Co-Production
Co-Production in Heritage: Towards New Imaginaries. Part II. Co-Production, Conservation and Memory; Co-Production and the Professional Imaginary
9:00, Tuesday 7 Jun 2016 (30 minutes)
Concordia, John Molson School of Business Building (MB) - MB S1.401
Co-production has a very specific political genealogy. Gaining ground in the mid-2000s the term "co-production" was used to explore how the state and its agencies might develop different kinds of relationships with its publics, often with a focus on how a public service—health, social care or welfare—might no longer be generic but personalized, distributing both agency, rights, and responsibility.
As such, co-production represents a moment when the left-of-centre was seeking to retain the logics and achievements of a redistributive state and public sector professionalism without its vertical political and epistemic logics of management of people "as population." Or to put it at the same point in the other direction, the left-of-centre was seeking to learn from the relational politics of horizontal and social networks while also seeking to retain the idea of transparency and accountabilities beyond the interpersonal.
Museums and heritage offer particular challenges for co-production because in addition to ideas of public transparency and accountability, the logic of heritage creates affiliations which exceed the here and now, "for everyone, for ever." These scaled up ambitions have certainly been noted as key conceptual barriers to serious and sustained participatory practice in the sector (Heritage Decisions 2015), yet the real political challenge articulated so effectively by the co-production moment is how to calibrate the different achievements of publicness and the relational.
This paper will draw out the specific political conceptualizations offered by the "co-production" moment in health and social care through returning to key policy publications and debates that unfolded (via Compass and Renewal) and use the both-and thinking to illuminate possibilities for museum and heritage practice at the intersection of publicness and participation; vertical and horizontal structuring; institution and network.
I will do this through recognizing the mirroring of this political debate in the production of knowledge by playing with epistemic scaling and moving between descriptive accounts of moments from my work, seeking to do participative heritage. and the perspectival shift to critical abstractions. Through this, I am interested in the political practice of building meaningful, reciprocal collaborative relationships which take very seriously the forms of knowing that can be shared only through the interpersonal and of openly drawing in the ways of knowing generated by forms of abstraction and aggregation. In this I seek to enliven and give form to Bruno Latour's evocation of critical proximity or, I might suggest, proximity critically.
What a return to the co-production moment in 2000s might offer is facing up to the political tensions inevitably generated by an institution that seeks to be for everyone and preserve for posterity, attempting participatory work with specific people. The tensions cannot be resolved but can be calibrated more or less productively. This happens, I will argue, through being together and through a commitment to the people who you are within the here and now, meanwhile knowing, feeling, and openly discussing that there is not only "us," or only here, and/or only now.
Helen Graham


text:
Home News Carl Sims
Carl Sims
Staff Written March 26, 2020 Obituaries
Carl Sims, 90 of Rutledge, died March 11, 2020. He was born on May 21, 1929 in Maysville, GA to Henry and Julie Hooper Sims. He served in the U.S. Army during the Korean and Vietnam wars and later retired from the Army. He was married to the late Eunice Stewart Sims.
Mr. Sims was a devoted Christian and husband. He was a committed soldier and proud veteran. He enjoyed fishing and cooking and singing. Many people were the beneficiaries of Mr. Sims kindness.
Carl Sims, Sr is survived by his children, Connie Rudd, Carl Sims, Jr., Larry Stewart, Judy Pepper and Cindy Butler.
Grandchildren are Allen Rudd, Darrell Crawford, Danny Crawford, Amber Walker, Cassidy Sims, Riley Sims, Amber Pepper, Christie Pepper, Nicki, Natalie, Bianca, Brandon and Nathan. He also leaves three great grandchildren.
The family received friends on Sunday, March 15 from 2-3 p.m. The funeral service was held at 3 p.m. in the chapel of A.E. Carter Funeral Home.


London – A giant balloon depicting President Donald Trump as a screaming orange baby flew over London Friday as tens of thousands marched through the streets to protest the American leader's visit to the U.K.
The diaper-clad infant, with a quiff of hair and a mobile phone for tweeting, was the centerpiece of demonstrations protesting Trump's policies on issues ranging from immigration and race relations to women and climate change.
Anger over Trump's visit has already had consequences. Just a week after Trump's inauguration, Prime Minister Theresa May invited the president for a state visit, the type of event that normally includes glittering horse-drawn carriages and a state dinner hosted by the monarch. That morphed into this two-day "working visit" with much less pomp and circumstance amid concern about security and crowds in central London.
Protest organizers say they plan to stage demonstrations in some 50 cities around the U.K.
"We hope that wherever Donald Trump goes, he hears and sees the strength of a British opinion that rejects not just him as a person and however distasteful he is as a person, but the policies and politics that he represents," said Asad Rehman, organizer of UK Protests Against Trump's Visit.
Carrying placards reading "Dump Trump," and "Can't comb over sexism," joyous crowds blew whistles before starting from Portland Place heading toward Oxford Circus.
Not everyone was protesting against Trump, however.
Augustine Chukwuma Obodo, who wore a "Make America Great Again! hat and a Trump for president in 2020 shirt, said he wanted make clear that not everyone found the protest amusing. He said he wanted to add his voice to those who are more quiet, but believe Trump is doing a good job on issues such as pushing NATO members to pay more.
"America is not a cashpoint," he said.
A march in support of Trump will start at the U.S. Embassy on the south bank of the River Thames and end near the prime minister's residence at Downing Street on Saturday.
Trump, in an interview with Britain's Sun newspaper, criticized London Mayor Sadiq Khan, saying he had not been "hospitable" to the U.S. government. Khan refused to block the Trump baby balloon.
"I guess when they put out blimps to make me feel unwelcome, no reason for me to go to London," Trump said in an interview published Friday.
Khan, who has often been a target of Trump's ire, backed the protests but said those who want to cause trouble are not welcome.
After his meetings in and around London, Trump will fly north for a round of golf at his Turnberry resort in Scotland.
That won't help him escape protesters who have scheduled demonstrations outside the golf course, as well as George Square in Glasgow and near the U.S. consulate in Edinburgh.
April 23, 2019, 4:12 p.m.
April 23, 2019, 5:46 p.m.
April 23, 2019, 6:26 p.m.
April 23, 2019, 2:47 p.m.
April 23, 2019, 4:58 p.m.


"Wild Market" is any site that has absolute zero protection against click and payment fraud: forums, instant messengers or social networks. Most popular places to cheat buyers are skype and facebook groups. Some scams do it fulltime and earn $5000+ a month, so they take own business seriously and cheat professionally. This article is based on real story of a scam we recently catched.
Let's say scam John Smith decided to start stealing money from buyers by selling fake traffic, what would he do?
John creates 10-15 accounts with different names on Facebook, Skype and few forum accounts. John uses American names only, most of them are women, because generally women get more trust. John finds avatars for all fake accounts. Avatar will never be professional photo. Pretty girl, but not too hot.
Using graphics editor, John also creates fake screenshots from stats and autoresponders.
John cross-posts happy testimonials from all his accounts, claiming crazy results and excellent experience. John sends few emails from one account to another with happy comments, thanking for great traffic and begging for more clicks. He creates screenshots and adds these testimonials to other fake screenshots.
John creates free autoresponder account and creates a video of him entering the member area. Then he opens Firebug plugin, edits number of subscribers with fake big number and records another video with modified subscribers count. Using any video editor, John combines two videos. Video with fake subscriber number overlays original one. This creates effect that John logged into his autoresponder to show large number of subscribers.
John starts posting his solo ad promos in adswap and solo mailing groups, claiming he has just started with fresh list, but already has few happy clients. He posts his "screenshot" with proof, adds a video of autoresponder. He already has fake comments on his page from other accounts. Buyers believe this and buy solos.
Now John has to send fake traffic to buyer's website, but it has too look real. It is very easy to do.
John buys a bot app to make thousands clicks. This app has a proxy list built in. It switches proxies and makes fake clicks. For each click it uses new proxy and then uses random computer info (OS, browser, screen, etc) This way traffic looks real: all "visitors" come from different countries, they all have different computer configurations.
After all clicks have been "delivered", John has to create visibility that some of his visitors actually signed up on victim's website. John visits the site and looks at signup form. Most likely it's name/email combination. App has a list with names and last names, John inputs values into app and it creates accounts on victim's site, randomly rotating names and emails.
John's buyer is happy: according to his statistics, he got tons of clicks and about 40% of them have registered on his site. Buyer sends a testimonial for John. This is the first real testimonial for John for his fake traffic. He immediately adds it to his page and gets even more sales.
If buyer's product is cheap, John can even make a purchase or two. If customer paid $40-50, pair sales for $7 won't be a problem for John, his profit will go down $14, but the buyer will be very happy, because he thinks John's traffic is of high quality. His list buys.
But John is greedy scam, he will ask a refund in 20-25 days. He will say that "product is not for me" or "I didn't use it, sorry" and will get a refund. His buyer will not remember that both "customers" were from John, because he already bought few other solos from other people. He doesn't track what customer belongs to what seller.
Things could become even worse if John participates in black hat credit card fraud forums and used stolen credit cards to make sales. After owners of these cards will see unauthorized charges, they will initiate chargebacks and site owner will have to pay chargeback fees on top of refund. After that PayPal can even decide that buyer's site is high risk and close his account altogether. PayPal does that on regular basis, just Google paypal horror stories.
Some buyers suspect fraud, but most likely they won't post anything on public. They will ask questions and John will do his best to convince them the traffic was very good. If he won't be able to convince buyer, he will easily give a refund. John spent nothing, but time. It is easy to give a refund and buyer won't keep pushing.