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Racism - Is there a Solution ?
The list of remarks which signify racism in our world, is endless. But to many people in the West, racism no longer exists. Many believe that our 'free'(?) world has eradicated this problem. The rights of homosexuals and animals are given higher priority, and people believe that the real oppression in the world lies here! Such delusion clouds the reality which we live in. Whilst animal rights activists and homosexuals march so vigorously for freedom, they seem to forget that people the world-over are continually being oppressed, simply due to the colour of their skin or the label of their race. How sad it is that the Western world conveniently chooses to ignore the devastating consequences of this problem.
According to the Oxford dictionary, racism is the: "belief in superiority of particular race; antagonism towards other races" [2]. From such a simple definition arises so much oppression and hatred. The belief that one particular race is superior to another, has led to injustice and tyranny against fellow humans. Racism is a disease which has taken on epidemic proportions and has even become accepted in many societies, past and present. But one may well ask, where did such behaviour originate from?
The origins of racism can be found in the annals of history. However, people are often biased and very subjective in their findings. For example, a Jew may claim that racism started with the expulsion of the Jews from Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 CE [3]. An Afro-centric[4] person on the other hand, may claim that racism originated from the European colonisation of Africa and the engagement with the slave trade. Each race can thus claim to reveal the origins of this problem according to their own historical sufferings.
Islam however, is not like this. Because Islam was not revealed for a specific set of people or for a specific period of time, it is able to answer this question in a truly objective manner. This is one of the reasons why Islam has been so successful against racism. The origins of racism, as explained by Islam, go back to the beginning of mankind's creation. Before the creation of man, Allah the Most High, had already created the Angels and the Jinn. Amongst the Angels at that time was a Jinn by the name of Iblis. Iblis had resided amongst the Angels and was very obedient to Allah. However, this was to change, as Allah then created man. This new creation of Allah was created from clay and named Adam. He was first in the line of humanity, and as a result occupies a very special place in history. From him and his wife Hawwa (Eve), the generations of humanity have descended. After his creation, Allah ordered the Angels and those with them to prostrate to Adam. The Qur'an informs us of this important event, from which we may all learn a valuable lesson:
"And (remember) when We said to the Angels: 'Prostrate yourselves to Adam', and they all prostrated except Iblis. He refused and was proud and was one of the disbelievers" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:34)
"(Allah) said: 'What prevented you (Iblis) that you did not prostrate?' Iblis said; 'I am better then him, you created me from fire and you created him from clay'" (Surah Al-A'raf 7:12)
In Islam, the other name for Iblis is 'Shaytan'[5] or the Devil. Thus, the root of racism is attributed to the Devil. Iblis's insistence on being better than Adam, aroused his arrogance and pride. And what was the reason for this insistence? Nothing more then the fact that Iblis was of fire and Adam was of clay. It was at this stage in the history of the world, that the ugly head of racism first reared itself.
Iblis, the Devil, was consequently the world's first racist! This Islamic explanation helps us to understand the reality of racism. Pride and arrogance leads to people thinking that they are better than others, simply because of their physical makeup. This pride and arrogance is truly a Devilish trait which humans have learnt from Iblis, the accursed Devil. Iblis's refusal to prostrate before Adam led to his expulsion from the company of the Angels, and he vowed to Allah that:
".. I shall indeed adorn the path of error for them (humanity) on the earth and I shall mislead them all, except Your chosen slaves among them" (Surah Al-Hijr 15:39-40)
True to his word, the astray Devil has indeed adorned the path of error for most of mankind throughout the ages. One of these adornments has of course been the Devilish behaviour of Racism.
Ever since Iblis's refusal to bow down to Adam, the world has seen an increase in racism. Not only were people affected by this trend, but so were religions, creeds and ideologies. Before long Religions and creeds were justifying the superiority of some over others. An example of this is the religions of Judaism and Hinduism. By their very teachings, both of these ancient religions are racist. With Judaism, a person cannot become a Jew unless be/she is born from a Jewish mother. This then means that all non-Jews cannot enter Paradise, simply because they were not born into this faith! With Hinduism, not only does it degrade the Creator by representing him as a monkey, rat, cow, elephant and even the male private organ (!), but it has also created one of the worlds most ancient forms of racism - the caste system. According to Hinduism, the higher castes originate from the upper body-parts of God, such as the chest and head, whereas the lower castes come from the lower bodyparts of God such as the legs and feet! This theory of degrading the Creator then justifies the oppression which happens to the lower castes. Such is this oppression, that if a higher caste person walks through the shadow of a lower caste person, he deems himself to have become impure and consequently has to bathe himself!
Other religions such as Christianity, have often been used to justify racist ventures. During the age of exploration the European powers used Christianity to justify their own imperial ambitions. The infamous Spanish Conquistadors used Christianity as a pretext to wipe out the Inca and Aztec civilisations of Central and South America during the15 th and16 th centuries. Nations such as the Dutch and the British used Christianity to justify their horrendous treatment of native Africans. The notorious Trans-Atlantic slave trade saw one of the worst forms of racism ever implemented. This form of racism saw entire cultures wiped out and replaced with the culture of their racist aggressors. This is why even today, many of the surnames which people from the Caribbean have, are in fact the names of their ancestral European slave masters.
It is not only religion which has been gripped by this disease, but also science. By the19 th century the Western world had rejected religion and was looking towards science to provide the answers for our existence. The dominant theory at the time was Charles Darwin's theory of Evolution. However, unknown to many, Darwin's expeditions were only-funded by the British government so that a scientific base could be used for racist and imperial ambitions. The theory espoused that man evolved from apes. It then claimed that some people had not fully evolved from their primate forms, and were thus inferior to others. These inferior people were said to be the non-Europeans, and especially the Africans. Thus, on a mission to civilise these 'savages', the Europeans used Darwin's theory to oppress and destroy many parts of the world.
The 20th century has also seen attempts to justify racism and its theories. During the30 's and40 's the German Nazi regime of Adolph Hitler used the credentials of the Aryan[6] people, to legitimise his ruthless actions. The Apartheid regime of South Africa also used racism and racial segregation to maintain its existence. This has continued until today with many groups advocating clear White supremacy over the rest of mankind. The Ku Klux Klan, the British National Party and the Aryan Nation are examples of such groups.
The faces of racism are many. It should not be thought that racism is only conducted by the Europeans or Whites. Racial superiority over Whites has also been advocated by Black people during this century. After centuries of oppression, the Black community in the Western world expressed its sentiments in an explosive way. The decade of the60 's saw many civil rights movements emerge. Along with these came all the radical movements who popularised slogans such as 'Black Power'. Before long there were many movements who openly advocated racism against White people. What made things even worse, was that some of the most vocal movements attached themselves to the religion of Islam - a religion which (as will be seen) destroys racism from its very root. Amongst these groups were the Nation of Islam and the Ansarullah[7]. They openly advocated that the White people were devils and Black people were gods. Their open (but false) attachment to Islam helped to visualise Islam as being racist - something which could not be further from the truth.
So what is the solution for this world-wide epidemic? As Muslims we know that to defeat racism means to defeat Iblis, the Devil. Because humans are weak, it would be imperative that we adopt some, divine method in tackling this Devilish disease. This method is none other then ISLAM, the untainted and pure religion which came to benefit humanity through its teachings.
Just as Islam explains the origins of racism, it also tells us how to combat it. This is firmly expressed in the Qur'an, when Allah explains the reason for our variety as different races and peoples:
"O' mankind, We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes so that you may know one another. Indeed the most honourable of you in the sight of Allah is the one with the most piety" (Surah Al-Hujjarat49 :13)
It is clear from this verse as to how humanity should act towards one another. We have been created like one huge beautiful garden with many different types of flowers in it. Each flower is clearly distinguished from the other, yet they all belong to the same garden. This unity of the nations can only be achieved when people recognise that it is Islam which will bring the different peoples of the world under one banner. And it is within this banner that people can achieve true piety and thus excel themselves in the sight of Allah.
The teachings of Islam cut racism from its very root. By looking at the sayings and actions of the last Messenger, Muhammed (saws), we can see how racism was truly obliterated with the advent of Islam. The Prophet (saws) said: "Indeed there is no excellence for an Arab over a non-Arab, nor a non-Arab over an Arab, nor a White person over a Black one, nor a Black person over a White one, except through piety" [8].A statement like this tells us that this man, Muhammed, was truly a recipient of Divine inspiration. His words were not empty like the words of so many leaders today. Rather, he was always the first to lead by example, and this is why we find that during his lifetime so many different types of people accepted Islam. From amongst the Prophet's companions we find that he had an Ethiopian companion by the name of Bilal. Bilal had been a slave before he accepted Islam, and as a result his standing in Arabian society was worse then the animals. However, upon Bilal's conversion to Islam, the force to combat the disease of Iblis, became known to all. Bilal was given a status like no Black slave had been given before. He was given the immense honour of being the first person to call the Adhaan (call to prayer) in Islam's glorious history. More importantly however, he was accepted as an equal and a brother by the Prophet and his companions.
Through its teachings and practical implementation by the Prophet and his companions, Islam has spread to every corner of the known world. You will not see a more assorted group of people than the Muslims. From China to Spain, Siberia to Australia - never has there been such a wide body of people all united under one banner - the banner of Islam.
The Prophet (saws) said: "Whosoever fights under the banner of the blind, becoming angry for nationalism or calling to nationalism or assisting nationalism and then dies, he dies the death of the pre-Islamic days"[9]. This statement of the Prophet makes it clear that the consequences of involving ourselves in nationalism (which is a form of racism), is dying upon disbelief. And whosoever dies upon disbelief will undoubtedly taste the Fire of Hell. Through such statements, Islam totally isolates all forms of racism which can occur amongst humanity. It is indeed sad, that people cannot observe such beautiful advice, for if they did then maybe all the bloodshed caused by nationalism, ethnic cleansing etc. can be avoided.
The rites and injunctions of Islam also help to overcome racism. An example of this is the prayer of the Muslims. When Muslims pray in congregation, they are commanded by Islam to join together their ankles and shoulders to those next to them. Whether a man is a king, a leader, a stave, a judge or even a beggar, this command is incumbent upon every Muslim. Thus Blacks, Whites, Arabs, Indians, Malays and all other races: are truly united by worshipping their Creator. This unity is not only confined to the prayer, but to the whole of ones life, to the extent that Muslims try to fall under the saying of their beloved Prophet who said: "The example of the believers in their mutual love and mercy is like the example of a body; if one part of the body feels pain, then all the body suffers in sleeplessness and fever "[10]. It is evident that a Muslim follows this example set by the Prophet, when he/she feels distress at the situation of the Muslims around the world, be they from Africa, Palestine, Kashmir, Bosnia etc. Unity amongst such a wide range of people, can only be created by Islam.
Another rite which has helped so many to eradicate racism from their lives, is the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca), which is obligatory upon every Muslim at least once in a lifetime. The Hajj brings together the peoples of the world, all at one time of the year, in one place. Anyone who has witnessed this annual rite of Islam, will truly testify that there is nothing quite like it. The breathtaking view of millions of people gathered together, all for the purpose of worshipping Allah, is unforgettable. It was this rite of lslam which changed the life of the famous Black nationalist-turned-Muslim, Malcolm X [11]. Describing his experiences he said: "Never have I witnessed such sincere hospitality and overwhelming spirit of true brotherhood as is practised by people of all colours here in this ancient Holy land.... There were tens of thousands of pilgrims from all over the world. They were of all colours, from Blue-eyed blondes to Black-skinned Africans. But we were all participating in the same ritual, displaying a spirit of unity and brotherhood that my experiences in America had led me to believe never could exist between the White and non-White. America needs to understand Islam, because this is the one religion that erases from its society the race problem"[12].
The words of Malcolm X can be added to; it is not only America which needs to understand Islam, but rather the whole world. Islam has brought so much to the lives of so many, that it is inconceivable that racism could be defeated without it. From the moment the Prophet preached his message of unity under the worship of Allah, did the light of hope shine forth in this World of darkness. Honour has been given to all those who have entered Islam. Throughout the ages, those who normally would have been downtrodden were rescued and dignified by Islam. Today, this is still continuing. People who were clearly racist (like Malcolm X) have been humbled and overwhelmed by the truth of Islam. British National Party members, Ku Klux Klan members, members of the Nation of Islam and many others from racist organisations, have all become united under the banner of Islam. It is now up to the people of the world to choose; do they want to stay in the darkness of racism or do they want to be illuminated by the light of Islam?
Either way, Islam will still be, the ONLY solution for racism.
1Sand-Nigger: A racist term for Arabs.
2The little Oxford Dictionary -7 th Ed -1994
3In 70 CE Jerusalem was under the Roman empire. Following revolts by the Jews, the Romans expelled them and destroyed their temple. After this the Jews became widely dispersed and were oppressed greatly by the Christians. During the Middle Ages the Jews were granted sanctuary by the Muslim Empire from this oppression. This debt was paid back when the Jews came into Palestine and stole the land of the Muslims! It is indeed ironic that the same people who were once racially persecuted, have now turned racist persecutors.
4Afro-centric: One who identifies immensely with Africa as being a place of origin for the human race.
5In English he is known as 'Satan', 'Lucifer' or 'Beeizebub'
6 Aryan: Anyone who speaks an Indo-European language; However in Hitler's case it had more to do with physical characteristics, such as having Blond hair and Blue eyes.
7The founder of this freakish and unstable cult is Dwight York, who was born in 1935 in New York, USA. In 1967 he officially formed this overtly racist group. Like so many other cult leaders, York has claimed divinity and abused his power. His corruption has even landed him in jail (for tax evasion!), and his sexual promiscuity has caused rumours that he has AIDS. The group has undergone much change since its inception in the late60 's. Since then it has changed a number of times and now goes by the name of the 'Holy Tabernacle Ministry'. It has also dropped its affiliation with Islam.
8Authentic - Reported by Ahmed
9Reported by Muslim - Eng Trans. Vol. 3p.1029-30, No.4555
10Reported by Muslim - Eng Trans. Vol.4, p.1368, No.6258
11 Malcolm X was born as Malcolm Little in 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. After spending time in jail he joined the Nation of Islam and changed his surname to indicate his detachment from White superiority. Malcolm's powerful oratory skills brought international recognition for the Nation of Islam. However, upon discovering that Elijah Muhammed had impregnated 2 of his secretaries, Malcolm's faith in this man who claimed to be a messenger of God, was shaken. In 1964 Malcolm made the Hajj which was to show him true Islam. He changed his name to Malik al-Shabbaz, and formally renounced the Nation of Islam. This renunciation led to his assassination in1965 .
12Taken from his biography by Alex Haley.
Source: Invitation to Islam, Issue4 , January1998 - online at www.thetruereligion.org


'General Hospital' Spoilers: Will Ryan Reconsider Killing Griffin After Ava's Revelation?
Ryan is ready to kill Griffin but on the Monday, Feb. 11 episode of "General Hospital," Ava will confront "Kevin" over a secret he has been hiding from her.
In the promo video of the ABC soap opera, Ava (Maura West) tells "Kevin" (Jon Lindstrom) she knows what he has been up to. "General Hospital" spoilers reveal Ava arrives in the nick of time.
In the previous episode, Ryan saw Griffin (Matt Cohen) hugging Ava and became jealous over the encounter. Even though Franco (Roger Howarth) has been arrested for the recent murders in town, Ryan planned on making Griffin's death look like an accident.
Ryan approached Griffin to tell him about the brick some doctors planned on purchasing for the memory courtyard in Kiki's (Hayley Erin) honor. He suggested the two head to the roof to get a better view of the courtyard.
When they got to the roof, Griffin looked over the edge as Ryan closed the door and pulled out a syringe. However, Ava was also searching for "Kevin" and "GH" spoilers suggest she will find him on the roof.
Ava is aware "Kevin" has been hiding something from her, but will she figure out he is the real serial killer? Or will she suggest "Kevin" was simply hiding Franco's mental state to protect her?
Will Ryan Be Arrested For Murder On 'General Hospital'?
Will Franco Go Jail On 'General Hospital'?


Have you noticed that nowadays, most entry-level jobs require, or at least prefer, a bachelor's degree? And many times, job requisitions will state that the employer prefers a master's degree, even for middle management roles. It's a societal expectation that has grown and become unmanageable.
Is your bachelor's degree worth it? This infographic explores the topic, looking at rising tuition costs and stagnant salaries.
But is going to school to obtain a bachelor's degree–or any degree–a good idea? The bachelor's degree, a minimum requirement for many jobs, has become a commodity. 50 years ago, the degree meant something: hard work, perseverance, dedication. A bachelor's degree today doesn't, in most cases, actually prepare someone for entry into the workforce.
The US economy has been in a severe slump since 2008, and many organizations have been forced to slash headcount. Employers are pressured to do more with less. On top of this, increases in productivity have reduced the number of available jobs. For every opening, there are multiple applicants, many of whom are highly qualified, even overqualified. Employers, naturally, want to get more bang for their buck; they're going to choose the candidate with the highest level of experience and qualifications. The supply of applicants with bachelor's degrees far outstrips the current demand; you can't rely on earning a bachelor's degree to land you a job. To be competitive and stand out in the talent pool, you need to have at least a master's degree.
This phenomenon has also been called academic inflation, credential inflation, and educational devaluation. In a guest article on Mises Institute founder, author Gary North references the issue, calling it the "Ph.D. Glut." There's a surplus of graduates in the workforce, and it's simple supply and demand at work in the marketplace.
Does it actually matter whether you have a college degree? Does a degree help you land a job? Often, HR personnel and recruiters don't even ask about your education. As you gain professional experience, your formal college education will usually become even less important. In some cases, certain degrees may even hurt your chances to get a job if you're trying to get a job.
When I'm hiring a candidate, I want to hire someone I know can produce. I want to know that they've got the chops. Many times, college graduates come into the workforce completely green. I would rather hire someone with four years' relevant experience in the field than someone with a four-year degree. For example, when I hire a new designer, I am more concerned with his ability to design than whether he has a degree in design. His portfolio speaks much louder than his diploma. The diploma doesn't hurt, but if he can't design, he does me no good as an employer.
There is no doubt that there's a shortage of jobs in the corporate environment, but there isn't a shortage of work. The question is how to leverage your experience and skills to make yourself valuable in the marketplace, whether you are an employee or are working independently and selling your services to an organization. That's what this blog is about: figuring out an unconventional way to earn income so that you can become less dependent on your paycheck from an employer.
Where does a college degree fit in? A college degree can be tremendously valuable, and in some fields, formal advanced education is a requirement. But if you're thinking about spending a pile of money–and going into major debt–to obtain a bachelor's degree, you need to ask yourself what you're going to put into it, what you're getting out of it, and evaluate your return on investment.
Please share with us your thoughts on education inflation. What has your experience with obtaining–or not obtaining–a bachelor's degree been?
An entrepreneur and investor for over a decade, Jon is a recovering paycheckaholic who enjoys the risk and rewards of owning his own business. Having formerly been involved in several marketing and design startups, he is currently "between businesses" working full time running marketing for a $6 billion privately held energy company. He lives in Dallas, Texas with his wife and five children.
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GPO Employee with Brain Cancer to Run 7 Marathons in 7 Days on 7 Continents
By Ashley Roberts
For someone like me, the thought of running a single marathon is overwhelming. At 26.2 miles, it's no easy task. But BethAnn Telford, special events coordinator at the U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), is preparing to run seven marathons in seven consecutive days on seven continents. It's called the World Marathon Challenge and only 26 people have completed the challenge to date — five of them were women.
World Marathon Challenge schedule. Images courtesy of the GPO.
Although she is leaving for Chile on Jan. 14, 2017, to begin preparing for the challenge, the true start to the race will be Jan. 23 in Antarctica which will end on Jan. 29 in Australia. With 59 hours spent in the air traveling 38,000km, running 183 miles in total in temperatures ranging from -20 degrees to more than 100 degrees, the 15 participants in the 2017 challenge will be traveling from Antarctica to Punta Arenas, Chile; Miami, Florida; Madrid, Spain; Marrakech, Morocco; Dubai, United Arab Emirates; and finally to Sydney, Australia, during the span of seven days.
Although this would be a feat for any human, Telford isn't your average woman. She is the first, and only, person to compete in this race with live cancer. Twelve years ago, Telford was diagnosed with Glioblastoma Astrocytoma, the deadliest form of brain tumor. Although the life expectancy for this diagnosis is a mere five months, Telford has fought for 12 years and continues to fight every day. She has become an advocate for brain cancer awareness and has used her endurance training and athleticism as a platform for spreading understanding and recognition of the need for a cure.
Eighteen years ago when she moved to the Washington, D.C., area, she began running as a way to be active and completed her first marathon — the Marine Corps Marathon — a year after she began running. However, when she was diagnosed with cancer 12 years ago, she was told by doctors that she would never run to that magnitude again. After surgery and learning to walk and speak again in the hospital, her doctors took her to the pediatric wing of the hospital and she was struck when the doctor told her most of the children would never go home again.
"I knew I had to do something," Telford says.
Shoes designed by pediatric cancer patients.
And so she did. After five months, she ran her first 5k and just a year after her diagnosis ran the Marine Corps Marathon again. With cancer advocacy as her platform, Telford began to think about how she could get kids involved in her endurance athleticism. She asked the children in the pediatric wing to decorate her shoes so they would be with her during every race. She has since competed in Iron Man competitions and the world championship, six Boston Marathons and has crossed the Grand Canyon in a nine-hour trek.
For this epic event, New Balance and the foundation that Telford fights for, Accelerate Brain Cancer Cure, have sponsored Telford's 14 pairs of sneakers needed for the event. Children submitted drawings on a template and with the help of a local artist who painted 14 of the children's drawings onto the shoes, Telford will be running for, and with, the children she is fighting for.
Although Antarctica will have its challenges — she is hypothermic, not including other concerns that her cancer brings when encountering any extreme conditions — she says the most challenging segment for her will be Australia.
Everyone thinks that will be the finish line, but it's not for me. The finish line is when the papers read that there has been a cure for cancer ... I need to find a cure. I need to advocate more.
What makes Telford most nervous about the race?
"The packing!" she laughs. "I'm the world's worst packer."
GPO Puts Forth Its Support
Telford explains that her colleagues at the GPO have been, understandably, very supportive and excited for her to make this journey.
"BethAnn is a true inspiration to us all," said GPO Director Davita Vance-Cooks in a press release. "Her enthusiasm for life is contagious and she never fails to amaze all of us by successfully competing in one competition after another. I and GPO will be rooting for her as she embarks on this incredible race around the globe. Best of luck BethAnn!"
BethAnn Telford crossing a finish line.
Having been with the GPO for 15 years, first as an assistant to the Public Printer and then as a special events coordinator, Telford explains that she became interested in printing because it was an outlet for disseminating information. She likes to explore the production floor and be with the operators printing and finishing the documents and books created by the GPO. She loves to organize the events for the GPO and being able to see the smiles on everyone's faces.
She also loves to spend time with her family and watch history programs on Netflix. Her main passion, though, is advocacy.
Because, as Telford puts it, "Cancer doesn't discriminate." So until the time comes when it is eradicated, Telford will continue to use her platform to raise awareness and fight for the cure, one step at a time.
E Ashley Roberts Author's page
Ashley Roberts is the Managing Editor of the Printing & Packaging Group.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Powder Coating Small Jig Heads ?
I would not build or buy a fluid bed unless I were making a lot of jigs. You can get by with some bottles of powder paint, and a heat source. If you have an old toaster oven you can bake on the finish.
I heated with a propane torch and bottle of paint without baking for several years. The paint isn't as permanent but if you are not selling then it won't matter.
I'll echo what Jig man said. No need for a fluid bed. Buy your (2 oz) jars of powder paint, get a heat source, and a small toaster oven (optional).
Most importantly is to make sure the powder paint is fluffy when dipping a hot jig. So stirring or shaking powder often is a key to get thin coats on jigs. Toaster oven hardens the paint to keep it lasting longer.
Guys,i had a list of heat time (seconds in flame). For the life of me i cant find it now. Would you be kind enough to share again?
1/16, 1/8, 3/16, 1/4 oz sizes. Thank you !
Sorry I don't use a flame any more. I use a heat gun. With it times vary according to air temp and how long it has been on.
Seems to depend on the particular paint as well. Black, brown, and GP I cannot screw up but pearl white is a PITA to deal with.
White and chartreuse are the worst.
I have the powder paint jars , a heat gun (Harbor Freight) and a toaster oven . If I shake the powder paint jars real good to get the powder paint fluffy then I should be good to go with a quick dip & swirl . Heat time for the size jigs I use a few inches away from the heat gun I have will start at 15 to 20 sec. *I suppose the key advantage of the fluid bed is it keeps your powder paint constantly fluffy - with the 2 oz. jars I may have to stop and shake the closed lid jar every few jigs or so .
P.S. Harbor Freight has 16 oz. tubs of : Black , White and Red powder paints for $6 each .
Chris if you only heat the heads enough to get a dull coat on them instead of a shiny one you will get a good bake without any runs.
If you are not already doing it, hold your jig heads by the hook eye and you will eliminate paint in the eye that will need to be cleaned out.
I have my oven set on 350°. Bass size jigs get painted for 20 minutes. Smaller heads only for about 10-12 because I have had some melt with my $2 garage sale toaster oven but it has been going for 20 years and has painted 10s of 1000s of jig heads.
Try doing a base coat of color that works well for you, and then putting the white or other difficult color on top of it.
I paint a lot of jig heads. I do what most have suggested, I just use a heat gun and "swish" them through the paint inside the jar. I bake them in a toaster oven for at least 20 minutes at 350-375. The only time I ever have paint run on a jig is when I've applied way too much to it. I don't think excess time in the oven matters as far as running paint, because I've accidentally left my oven on for hours and the jigs were just fine.
As with anything, practice before trying the "real thing". Try doing it with some super cheap jigs before you try with the more expensive styles for bass.
One thing that I believe is crucial to having a durable paint job is to clear coat the jigs, especially large ones(1/8 oz or more). I use the Pro Tec 'clear' in a fluid bed; after the jigs have their coat of paint, I bake them, and then put on a coat of the clear Pro Tec, and bake again. It works well for me. Most of them come out looking great, and the lead will dent before the paint comes off.
One of the last times I painted them white, when baking them they turned brown like they burnt. Any ideas why that happened?


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The Debuger Hits View on Runtime ..But cant hit Get Method
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      <assemblies>

        <add assembly="Microsoft.VisualBasic, Version=10.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B03F5F7F11D50A3A"/>
        <add assembly="System.Design, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B03F5F7F11D50A3A"/>
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        <add assembly="System.Web.Abstractions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
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        <add assembly="System.Web.Routing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add assembly="System.Web.Mvc, Version=3.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add assembly="System.Web.WebPages, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />

        <add assembly="System.Web.Abstractions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add assembly="System.Web.Helpers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add assembly="System.Web.Routing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add assembly="System.Web.Mvc, Version=3.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <add assembly="System.Web.WebPages, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />

      </assemblies>
    </compilation>

  </system.web>

  <system.webServer>
    <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />
    <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true" />
    <modules>
      <remove name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" />
      <add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="" />
    </modules>
  </system.webServer>

  <runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.5.2.14234" newVersion="1.5.2.14234" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
  </runtime>

  <repositoryMappingsConfiguration>
    <repositoryMappings>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ISiteRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Sites.SiteRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IProductRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Products.ProductRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ISupplierRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Suppliers.SupplierRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IUserRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Users.UserRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IConfigRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Configs.ConfigRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IUserConfigRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.UserConfigs.UserConfigRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ICustomerRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Customers.CustomerRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IDRightRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.DRights.DRightRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IURightRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.URights.URightRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ITestLocationRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.TestLocations.TestLocationRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ICountryRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Countries.CountryRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IActivityRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Activitys.ActivityRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IAutoSmsRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.AutoSmss.AutoSmsRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IPriorityErrorRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.PriorityErrors.PriorityErrorRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IClaimRateRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.ClaimRates.ClaimRateRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IProductClaimRateRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.ProductClaimRates.ProductClaimRateRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ISymptomClaimRateRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.SymptomClaimRates.SymptomClaimRateRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IMtbfTrendRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.MtbfTrends.MtbfTrendRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ILOCRRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.LOCRs.LOCRRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ISurveyRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Surveys.SurveyRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ISurveyQuestionRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.SurveyQuestions.SurveyQuestionRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ISurveyQuestionOptionRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.SurveyQuestionOptions.SurveyQuestionOptionRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ISurveyAnswerRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.SurveyAnswers.SurveyAnswerRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ISurveyResponseRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.SurveyResponses.SurveyResponseRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ITestActivityRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.TestActivitys.TestActivityRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IScoreProfileRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.ScoreProfiles.ScoreProfileRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="ISwReadinessRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.SoftwareReadiness.SwReadinessRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IIndiaPriorityErrorRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.IndiaPriorityErrors.IndiaPriorityErrorRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IAolRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Aols.AolRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IFMIRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.FMIs.FMIRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IIndiaOCRTrendRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.IndiaOCRTrends.IndiaOCRTrendRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IConsumerInteractionRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.ConsumerInteractions.ConsumerInteractionRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IConsumerInteractionProductSpecificRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.ConsumerInteractionProductSpecifics.ConsumerInteractionProductSpecificRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IMainPageRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.MainPages.MainPageRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IMainPageConsumerInteractionProSpRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.MainConsumerInteractionProSps.MainPageConsumerInteractionProSpRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IMainPageConsumerInteractionRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.MainPageConsumerInteractions.MainPageConsumerInteractionRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IOCRepairRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.OCRepairs.OCRepairRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IOCRSymptomRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.OCRSymptoms.OCRSymptomRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IOCRCategoryDetailsRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.OCRCategoryDetail.OCRCategoryDetailsRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IOCRComponentSymptomRepositoty" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.OCRComponent.OCRComponentSymptomRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IEABRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.EABs.EABRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="URLRootRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.URLRoots.URLRootRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="URLDetailRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.URLDetails.URLDetailRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IQuestionnaireRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Questionnaires.QuestionnaireRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IQuestionnairePageRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.QuestionnairePages.QuestionnairePageRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IQuestionnaireContainerRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.QuestionnaireContainers.QuestionnaireContainerRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IQuestionnaireQuestionRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.QuestionnaireQuestions.QuestionnaireQuestionRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IQuestionnaireQuestionElementRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.QuestionnaireQuestionElements.QuestionnaireQuestionElementRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
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      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IActivitySWRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.ActivitySWs.ActivitySWRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IUFZillaErrorStatusRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Ufzerrorstat.UFZillaErrorStatusRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
      <repositoryMapping interfaceShortTypeName="IOCRDecibelRepository" repositoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.OCRDecibelDetail.OCRDecibelDetailRepository, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
    </repositoryMappings>
  </repositoryMappingsConfiguration>
  <entityMappingsConfiguration>
    <entityMappings>
      <entityMapping entityShortTypeName="Site" entityFactoryFullTypeName="Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories.Sites.SiteFactory, Dashboard.Infrastructure.Repositories, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"/>
     ...SO ON
  </entityMappingsConfiguration>
  <system.web.extensions>

  </system.web.extensions>
  <system.web>

    <httpRuntime maxRequestLength="2097151" executionTimeout="360" requestValidationMode="2.0" />
    <httpHandlers>
      <add path="*.upload" verb="*" type="JQueryFileUpload.FileUploadHandler"/>

      <add verb="POST"
             path="HighchartsExport.axd"
             type="System.ServiceModel.Activation.HttpHandler, System.ServiceModel.Activation, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>

      <add verb="POST" path="HighchartsExport.axd" type="System.ServiceModel.Activation.HttpHandler, System.ServiceModel.Activation, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>

    </httpHandlers>

    <authentication mode="Windows"/>

    <customErrors mode="Off"/>

    <pages controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion="3.5" clientIDMode="AutoID">
      <namespaces>
        <add namespace="System.Web.Helpers" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.Routing" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.WebPages"/>
        <add namespace="System.Web.Helpers" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.Routing" />
        <add namespace="System.Web.WebPages" />

      </namespaces>
    </pages>
  </system.web>

  <runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
  </runtime>

</configuration>

I saw similar posts ..It was suggsted to change setting of IIS ..and add
<add path="*.upload" verb="*" type="JQueryFileUpload.FileUploadHandler"/>

I did this ..But it is not working..
Please Suggest

A: It's an issue with your permissions for IIS. By default in IIS 7, websites run as the local system's network account (NetworkService), not as IIS_User. Just add your local user to the app pool.
Procedures
Important   You must be a member of the Administrators group on the local computer to perform the following procedure or procedures. As a security best practice, log on to your computer by using an account that is not in the Administrators group, and then use the runas command to run IIS Manager as an administrator. At a command prompt,
type
runas /user:Administrative_AccountName "mmc %systemroot%\system32\inetsrv\iis.msc".
To change the account under which an application pool runs using IIS Manager
1.In IIS Manager, expand the local computer, expand Application Pools, right-click the application pool, and then click Properties.
2.Click the Identity tab, and click either Predefined or Configurable. Predefined refers to standard service names, such as Network Service (the default), LocalSystem, or Local Service. Configurable refers to registered user names.
•   If you click Predefined, click a predefined account in the list box.
•   If you click Configurable, in the User name and Password boxes, type the user name and password of the account under which you want the worker process to operate. Then, add the account to the IIS_WPG group.
3.Click OK.
Additional links
https://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/WindowsServer2003/Library/IIS/f05a7c2b-36b0-4b6e-ac7c-662700081f25.mspx?mfr=true
https://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/WindowsServer2003/Library/IIS/12a3d96c-65ea-4210-96ad-86a801f6a88c.mspx?mfr=true

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Next:MALI: Europe Steps Up And Stays
Warplanes: India Arranges A Truce Over Who Flies What
June 10, 2017: In May 2017 the Indian government finally approved the purchase of 39 American AH-64E Apache helicopter gunships. These will equip three army strike squadrons and comes after a prolonged battle with the Indian Air Force over who would control AH-64s. This was important for the army because the AH-64 is the most popular and combat proven helicopter gunship available. It is already used by Israel and several Arab nations. India has ordered 72 AH-64s with some of them going to the air force. This is all about politics. Air force leaders insist they should control everything that flies. But experience in combat has shown that some types of aircraft, especially those that spend most of their time supporting army operations should be controlled by the army.
The AH-64 was also opposed by politicians who wanted Indian firms to design and build a helicopter gunship. But commanders involved in combat operations all agreed that they needed the best available and they needed it as quickly as possible. That led to the AH-64, which entered service as the AH-64A in 1986. Numerous planned upgrades to the "B" and "C" standard were planned during the 1990s but stalled because of budget reductions after the Cold War ended in 1991. These upgrades were incorporated in the 1997 AH-64D Block I. The AH-64D Longbow (because of the radar mast, making it possible to see ground targets and flying obstacles in all weather) models began appearing in 2002. Mass production of the latest version (the E model) and conversion D models to E began in late 2013. The U.S. Army began receiving AH-64Es in 2012.
AH-64Es have more powerful and fuel efficient engines, as well as much improved electronics. AH-64Es also have Internet- like capabilities enabling these gunships to quickly exchange images, video, and so on with other aircraft and ground troops. Each AH-64E can also control several UAVs and launch missiles at targets spotted by these UAVs. The AH-64E radar has longer range and onboard computers are much more powerful than earlier ones. The electronics are easier to upgrade and maintain. The combination of improved fire control and Internet capabilities greatly increases the combat effectiveness of the AH-64. The 10 ton AH-64E carries a pilot and a weapons officer, as well as up to 16 Hellfire missiles (plus the 30mm automatic cannon). Sorties average three hours. The AH-64 can operate at night and has a top speed of 260 kilometers an hour.
India initially planned to get the AH-64D because back in 2015, when after three years of deliberation by the procurement bureaucrats and politicians, India approved the purchase of 22 AH-64s for the Indian Air Force. One side effect of this prolonged struggle was an agreement that the army needed helicopter gunships and two years were allocated to determine if the army should get its AH-64s. At this point India, like most foreign AH-64 users, wanted the latest model. The Indian Air Force paid $55 million per AH-64 (a price that included the helicopter plus training, spare parts, and tech support). The new army order will pay the same price.
Such delays are not unusual for India where decades of corrupt foreign arms purchases have been exposed in the last decade and the made those still involved in those decisions extremely cautious. It usually takes external events to move decisions forward. In the case of the American helicopters the primary motivators were Russian sales to Pakistan and a feud between the Indian Army and Air Force. The Russian aspect has to do with the growing hostility of India to Russian weapons. For half a century Russia has been the major supplier of imported weapons. But since the 1990s, as India freed up the economy (from fifty years of crippling state controls). Then there was weapons imports and India had finally reached the limit of tolerance for poor quality and support that characterized Russian weapons. India began to buy weapons from the West in the 1990s. Although more expensive the Western stuff was more effective, reliable and often cheaper to operate than Russian systems. Now Russia has made the situation worse by selling helicopters to Pakistan, the arch enemy of India. India seems content to let the Pakistanis have the Russian dreck while India proceeds to upgrade with Western equipment. Since 2001 India has bought over $15 billion worth of American weapons and military equipment. The U.S. is the largest source of foreign military equipment but Israel and several European defense companies are also major suppliers. The Russian arms salesmen are not amused.
Another factor in helicopter procurement is an ongoing feud between the Indian Army and Air Force about who controls AH-64s. The air force has long operated the helicopter gunships, arguing that these helicopters are crucial for certain air combat missions like attacking air defense radars and other helicopters. The army generals were furious over that misrepresentation and demanded that the government set the air force straight. The army was particularly anxious to get the 22 Indian AH-64s (the air force was claiming) as soon as possible, as these are generally recognized as the best gunships currently in service anywhere. Now those helicopters are on the way and apparently the army will have them.
Back in late 2012 the Indian Army thought it had won a major victory over the Indian Air Force when the government agreed to transfer most attack helicopters from the air force to the army. That was supposed to mean the army gets control of over 270 armed helicopters (22 AH-64s, 179 light combat models, and 76 armed Indian made transports). The air force would continue to operate a dozen or so elderly Mi-25 and Mi-35 helicopter gunships, until they retire by the end of the decade. These are export versions of the Russian Mi-24. Even then it was clear that Russia was not the preferred helicopter supplier anymore. But the air force would not give up and prolonged the debate.
The army had long complained that air force control of the armed helicopters, which were designed to support army operations, were sometimes difficult to get from the air force in a timely manner. Another aspect of this deal was a new agreement by the air force to station some transport helicopters at army bases in Kashmir, so that there will not be a delay when transport is needed for an emergency.
This sort of problem between the army and air force is not unique to India and is actually quite common. It all started back in the 1920s, a decade after aircraft became a major military asset. For example, at the start of World War I (1914-18), the British Royal Navy had more aircraft than the Royal Flying Corps (which belonged to the army). But at the end of World War I, it was decided to put all aircraft under the control of the new Royal Air Force (the former Royal Flying Corps). The navy was not happy with this and just before World War II broke out, the admirals got back control of their aircraft, at least the ones that operated from ships (especially aircraft carriers).
The British army expanded its Army Air Corps during World War II, to gain control over artillery spotter aircraft, gliders (for parachute divisions), and a few other transports for supporting commando operations. After World War II the Army Air Corps mainly controlled the growing fleet of transport and attack helicopters. The Indian Air Force has always refused to allow the Indian Army to do the same thing after modern India was created in 1947. The Indian armed forces was long led by men who started out as members of the British Indian Army and continued to note, and often copy, British practices.
Thus the Indian Air force, like its British counterpart tended to keep trying to control everything that flew. British Royal Air Force generals still demand control of everything that flies, believing that this is more efficient. The army and navy, not to mention the experience of many other nations, says otherwise. At the very least the army needs to control its helicopters and some small transports. In Russia the army always controlled ground attack aircraft, as well as some fighters. In the United States the Marine Corps controlled its own fighters, light bombers, and helicopters. It made a difference, especially to the marines on the ground, that the marine aircraft were being flown by marines.
Another problem with a unified air force is that it becomes, quite naturally, air force centric. This is understandable and the air force proceeds to develop strategies, and tactics that emphasize looking at military matters from an air force viewpoint. Before World War II this led to the doctrine of strategic bombardment. This was supposed to be a decisive weapon but it wasn't. When nuclear weapons came along the air force believed that it finally had a way to make strategic bombardment decisive. But it didn't, as ballistic missiles (another form of artillery) became the key delivery system for nukes. Nuclear weapons were so destructive that they became more of a threat than a weapon that you could use. In fact the very existence of nukes resulted in them not being used again since the first two atomic bombs were dropped on Japan in 1945. The fact of the matter is that wars are still ultimately won by the ground forces. As the army likes to point out, the ultimate air superiority weapon is your infantry occupying the enemy air bases. Everyone else (the navy and air force) is there to support the infantry in actually winning the war.
INFORMATION WARFARE: THAAD The Hack Attack Magnet
MALI: Europe Steps Up And Stays