text:
Bothriogenys ist eine ausgestorbene Säugetiergattung aus dem Eozän und Oligozän von Afrika und Asien. Sie ernährte sich ausschließlich herbivor.

Merkmale
Bothriogenys war kleiner als verwandte Arten wie Anthracotherium. Die Schnauze war stark verlängert, dadurch ergaben sich Diastemata zwischen den Zähnen der prämolaren Reihen. Von anderen Gattungen lässt sich Bothriogenys vor allem anhand der Zähne unterscheiden. Die Schneidezähne waren nicht vergrößert, wuchsen aber wie bei den heutigen Nilpferden das ganze Leben lang nach. Die Eckzähne blieben klein, es gab auch keinen wesentlichen Geschlechtsdimorphismus wie bei anderen Arten der Anthracotheriidae, bei denen die Eckzähne der Männchen zu Hauern heranwuchsen. Die oberen Backenzähne endeten in fünf Höckern.

Lebensweise
Es wird angenommen, dass Bothriogenys semiaquatisch wie die heutigen Flusspferde lebte. Die Fossilien von Bothriogenys wurden stets in Ablagerungen in Flussbetten gefunden. An denselben Fundstellen wurde auch das Moeritherium, ein Rüsseltier aus dem Eozän bis zum Oligozän, gefunden. Diesem wird eine ähnliche Lebensweise als semiaquatisch lebender Pflanzenfresser zugeschrieben.

Untersuchungen der Verhältnisse zwischen den stabilen Sauerstoffisotopen O18 und O16 im Zahnschmelz liefern Hinweise, ob es sich um ein primär terrestrisch oder semiaquatisch lebendes Tier handelte. Das Verhältnis der stabilen Kohlenstoffisotope C13 und C12 ermöglicht es, die Zusammensetzung der pflanzlichen Nahrung zu rekonstruieren, da dieses Verhältnis bei C4-Pflanzen höher ist als bei C3-Pflanzen. Das niedrige O18/O16-Verhältnis im Zahnschmelz spricht nach vergleichenden Untersuchungen an fossilen und rezenten Tieren dafür, dass Bothriogenys vorwiegend wasserbewohnend war. Das niedrige C13/C12-Verhältnis deutet derweil darauf hin, dass Bothriogenys möglicherweise mehr Wasserpflanzen fraß als die meisten anderen pflanzenfressenden Säugetiere. Diese Erkenntnisse widersprechen vielen Thesen, die den frühen Vertretern der Familie Anthracotheriidae eine den heutigen Schweinen ähnliche Lebensweise zuschrieben. Anders als die heutigen Flusspferde, die den Hauptanteil ihrer Nahrung in der Nacht an Land konsumieren, könnte Bothriogenys den größten Teil seines Lebens im Wasser zugebracht und dort auch Nahrung gefunden haben.

Forschungsgeschichte
Fossilien verschiedener Säugetiere wurden Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts von Richard Markgraf in der Gebel-Qatrani-Formation im Fayyum im nördlichen Ägypten für die Naturaliensammlung in Stuttgart gesammelt. Das reiche Material enthielt auch Knochen dreier Primatenarten, verschiedener Nagetiere und Insektenfresser sowie von fossilen Fledermäusen. Es befanden sich auch Schädelknochen von drei verschieden großen Arten darunter, die den Anthracotheriidae der Gattung Ancodon zugeordnet worden waren. Zu den Schädelknochen passten auch zahlreiche vorhandene Fußknochen. Der Konservator der geologischen, paläontologischen und mineralogischen Abteilung der Naturaliensammlung, Eberhard Fraas, übergab diese Fossilien dem aus Aschersleben stammenden Paläontologen Martin Schmidt zur Beschreibung. Diese ägyptischen Anthracotheriidae stellte Schmidt 1913 aber nicht zu Ancodon, sondern zur Gattung Brachyodus, die 1895 von Depéret aufgestellt worden war. Schmidt errichtete für die neuen Arten Brachyodus fraasi und Brachyodus rugulosus eine eigene Untergattung, die er Bothriogenys nannte. Diese Untergattung wurde später zur Gattung erhoben und auch die dritte von Schmidt 1913 beschriebene Art, ursprünglich Brachyodus andrewsi genannt, wurde als Bothriogenys andrewsi in diese neue Gattung gestellt.

Systematik
Bothriogenys war ein Paarhufer und steht in einer Klade (Ruminantiomorpha) mit den heutigen Wiederkäuern. Es sind derzeit fünf Arten bekannt, die vom späten Eozän bis zum späten Oligozän lebten. Die Typusart Bothriogenys fraasi starb im unteren Oligozän aus. Sie lebte wie die meisten anderen Arten im heutigen Ägypten bis Äthiopien und ist durch Funde aus dem Fayyum bekannt. Bothriogenys orientalis wurde in Thailand entdeckt, wahrscheinlich sind Funde aus Südchina ebenfalls der Gattung Bothriogenys zuzuordnen. Man nimmt an, dass die nordafrikanischen Arten von den asiatischen abstammen. Das setzt eine Landverbindung zwischen dem asiatischen und dem afrikanischen Kontinent mindestens im späten Eozän voraus. Später wurde diese Landbrücke unterbrochen und bildete sich im Miozän neu.

 Bothriogenys fraasi Schmidt, 1913
 Bothriogenys andrewsi Schmidt, 1913
 Bothriogenys rugulosus Schmidt, 1913
 Bothriogenys gorringei (Andrews & Bradnell, 1902)
 Bothriogenys orientalis Ducrocq, 1997 (Thailand)

Afromeryx africanus, früher Bothriogenys africanus (Andrews, 1899) genannt, wurde bereits im 19. Jahrhundert beschrieben und stammt ebenfalls aus Ägypten. Es wurde jedoch in Schichten des unteren Miozäns gefunden und ist damit jünger als alle anderen Arten von Bothriogenys. 1991 wurde Bothriogenys africanus von Pickford in die Gattung Afromeryx gestellt.

Qatraniodon parvus (Andrews, 1906), von dem bisher nur ein Teil des Unterkiefers aus dem Oligozän in Ägypten gefunden wurde, war lange Zeit als Bothriogenys parvus bekannt, wurde aber 1997 von Ducrocq wegen seiner schlankeren Backenzähne in eine eigene Gattung gestellt. Die Gattung ist nach dem Fundort am Dschebel Qatrani in Ägypten benannt.

Funde aus dem Lokichar-Becken südwestlich des Turkana-Becken in Ostafrika wurden anfänglich mit Bothriogenys in Verbindung gebracht. Die Forscher fanden zahlreiche Ober- und Unterkiefer, die in Größe und Form denen von Bothriogenys gorringei aus dem Fayyum ähneln. Es wurden die für Bothriogenys typischen fünfhöckrigen oberen Backenzähne gefunden. Die Backenzähne des Unterkiefers sind wesentlich massiver gebaut als jene der bisher bekannten Bothriogenys-Arten. Im Jahr 2015 wurden sie als zur Gattung Epirigenys gehörig beschrieben, die mit Bothriogenys nahe verwandt ist.

Einzelnachweise
   800x600

Literatur
 Donald R. Prothero, Scott E. Foss (Hrsg.): The Evolution of Artiodactyls. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2007, S. 95  ISBN 978-0-8018-8735-2
 J.-R. Boisserie, F. Lihoreau, M. Orliac, R. E. Fisher, E. M. Weston, S. Ducrocq. Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the earliest known hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla, Hippopotamidae, Kenyapotaminae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 158, S. 325–266, 2010
 Martin Schmidt: Über Paarhufer der fluviomarinen Schichten des Fajum; odontographisches und osteologisches Material. Geologische und paläontologische Abhandlungen. N. F. Bd. XI, Verlag Gustav Fischer, Jena 1913 (Erstbeschreibung dreier Bothriogenys Arten aus den Beständen der Naturaliensammlung in Stuttgart)

Paarhufer
Artiodactyla
Ausgestorbener Paarhufer


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Q: Most Common Value within Sublists I apologize in advance if this is unclear, I will try to explain everything as best I can! I am working with a data set in Google Sheets such that Column A is a list of student IDs and Column B is a list of student behaviors. It looks something like this:
A(ID)    B(Behaviors)
12345    Talking
54321    Out of Seat
98765    Lying
12345    Talking
12345    Lying
98765    Lying

The list is data set is quite large because it contains recorded data from the entire school population over the course of the year, and as you can see the entire student population is pooled in one list. I am looking for a way to find each students (identified by their IDs) most commonly assigned behavior. For example, for the above data, student 12345 would have 'Talking' listed as their most common behavior and student 98765 would have 'Lying' listed as their most common behavior.
Ideally, I want to create a separate spreadsheet that looks something like this:
A(ID)    B(Most Common Behavior)
12345    Talking
98765    Lying
54321    Out of Seat

Such that column A is a list of all the student's IDs and column B lists their most common behavior.
I found that I could use this formula:
=INDEX(Behaviors,MODE(MATCH(Behaviors,Behaviors,0)))

To pull out the most common value from the column containing scholar behaviors, but this formula gives me the most common behavior among the entire student population, so I am interested in modifying it so that the formula first looks at the student ID and then looks at the most common behavior within that sublist.
Please let me know if you require any further information. Thanks in advance for your help!

A: Are you familiar using PivotTables?  You could just create a PivotTable with ID as a Row Label and Behavior as a column label and Value.  Then it would just be a matter of copying/pasting those values and using a MAX formula to get the greatest behavior count.

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text:
People You Should Know: Greg Cecil
COMO Staff
Education Matters: Are you as smart as a Columbia public school student?
Director of Development and Corporate Relations
University of Missouri College of Engineering
JOB DESCRIPTION: Fund-raiser and corporate relationship manager
YEARS LIVED IN COLUMBIA: 23
ORIGINAL HOMETOWN: Sedalia
EDUCATION: University of Central Missouri, bachelor's degree in geography; University of Missouri, master's degree in public administration
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT: Columbia Regional Airport Advisory Board, chair; Columbia Chamber of Commerce, past board member, past chairs of economic development, business showcase (co-founded), governmental affairs, agri-business, small business, and education committee, ambassador. City, past board member of economic development, risk management, Convention and Visitors Bureau. Missouri United Methodist Church, candidate for City Council 5th Ward (1987).
PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND: Assistant director of economic development,	City of Sedalia; executive vice president of Abilene, KS, and Sedalia chambers of commerce; account manager Wausau Insurance Company, CEO of Corporate Insurance Management of Columbia; assistant section supervisor, Missouri Department of Insurance; senior executive director of development, Columbia College; development officer, MU College of Business; and director of development, MU College of Education
A COLUMBIA BUSINESSPERSON I ADMIRE AND WHY: Sabrina McDonnell, because she has moved up through the ranks at First National Bank from a teller to president. That is quite remarkable. Sabrina's experience over the years with the bank has enabled her to understand and appreciate the culture of the bank and she can use her knowledge to provide a great work environment that achieves the bank's goals.
WHY I'M PASSIONATE ABOUT MY JOB: There is a huge need for engineers and for young people to consider becoming engineers. My job allows me to meet many people from all across the country and learn about their lives and their university experiences. I talk to alumni about their experiences at MU and growing up in their hometowns in Missouri. I get to ask them to financially support the great University of Missouri and really make a difference in a student's life or provide support to renowned faculty member to keep them at the university. Gifts to the university can have a transforming effect and can accomplish results that cannot be done with funding from the state or other resources. Our donors get to see what a difference that they make.
IF I WEREN'T DOING THIS FOR ALIVING, I WOULD… be governor.
BIGGEST CAREER OBSTACLE I'VE OVERCOME AND HOW: Starting Corporate Insurance Management from "scratch" was fun and challenging. I secured partners and agreements with major insurance companies and was able to compete with the largest commercial insurance brokers in the country. Making calls and being knowledgeable about coverage enabled me to gain trust with customers and prospects. This practice serves me well in fund raising. It is important to gain the trust of anyone I am working with.
A FAVORITE RECENT PROJECT: I have two projects that stand out: working with the nephew of an alumnus of the College of Business to establish the first endowed professorship in civil engineering, and working with Mr. and Mrs. Hook to establish the Hook Center for School and District Renewal and the Joanne Hunt Hook Dean's Chair in Educational Renewal at the College of Education, which was the first such chair established at the university.
WHAT PEOPLE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THIS PROFESSION: It is a relationship-based job and it is necessary to have as much contact with alumni and corporate representatives as possible. There is a great deal of travel involved and scheduling can be difficult at times. One needs to pay close attention because opportunities for involvement with alumni and corporations can present themselves and you have to be ready to "ask for the order."
WHAT I DO FOR FUN: I enjoy traveling to destinations in Maine, Colorado, Wyoming, California, Oregon, Florida and western Canada. Around Columbia I like to run, especially with my trainer Jamie Mondello, bicycle, cook and play guitar.
FAMILY: My spouse is Michelle Cecil, the William H. Pittman Professor of Law and Curator's Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University of Missouri School of Law. Michelle is the best law professor at the law school.
FAVORITE PLACE IN COLUMBIA: My back yard and kitchen.
ACCOMPLISHMENT I'M MOST PROUD OF: Saving Boy Scout Troop 5 from losing its charter and at the same time watching the troop produce two Eagle Scouts. Establishing the Michelle Arnopol Cecil Award in Tax and the Michelle Arnopol Cecil Scholarship at the University of Missouri School of Law that honors my wife and her success as a law professor.
MOST PEOPLE DON'T KNOW THAT I… am into artisan cooking. I also am a big Jimmy Buffett fan and can play many of his songs on guitar.
COMO Staff June 27, 2008


text:
Yesterday we made a number of interesting discoveries that have left a few dangling threads hanging out there that ought to be tugged just a bit before we continue.
First of all, there is the question about the death of Dr. David Kelly, the biological warfare weapons specialist who had links to three other top microbiologists who are on the startlingly long list of microbiologists who have died mysteriously in the past few years.
Regular readers of the site here already know that I make unusual connections between things and this item certainly has been working on me. What it reminded me of was the movie V, where the aliens began to target scientists for destruction because they were the only ones capable of figuring out the genetics of the invaders and what might be used as a weapon against them. I know that is a strange connection, but when you try to figure out a reason for the deaths of so many microbiologists in so short a period of time, considering what is happening on the global political stage, you have to start somewhere.
Of course, it wasn't until the death of David Kelly that the clue about Ethnic Specific Weapons turned up and then it all began to make a sick sort of sense.
The news bytes tell us that Kelly was involved with ultra secret work at Israel's Institute for Biological Research. We are also told that there have been "persistent reports" that the institute is engaged in DNA sequencing research. This last seems to be founded on the fact that a former member of the Knesset, Dedi Zucker, claimed in the Israeli Parliament that the institute was "trying to create an ethnic specific weapon" in which Arabs could be targeted by Israeli weapons.
What does NOT fit in this little scenario is the fact that it was Israeli sources making the claim that Kelly met Israeli institute scientists several times in London in the past two years, from which, it seems, the inference was made that Kelly was involved with ultra secret work FOR Israel.
As I have already written, the problem that captured my attention – assuming that Dedi Zucker was letting the cat out of the bag when he said that Israel was "trying to create an ethnic specific weapon in which Arabs could be targeted" – was what kind of "marker" would they use to include or exclude based on ETHNICITY?
There are two points to keep in mind here. First, studies done from the perspective of the Y chromosome, or the male genetic line, show similarities between Ashkenazic Jews, Sephardic Jews, Israeli Arabs/Palestinian, and Lebanese populations as well as limited genetic connections to European populations.
Second, in most European and Near Eastern populations, the highest frequency mtDNA type is the HVS-1 Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS). This type occurs at 16%, on average, in Europe, and at 6%, on average, in the Near East. All of the seven European and Near Eastern non-Jewish populations have the CRS as their modal haplotype.
At that point in time, what was revealed by the genetic studies available to me, suggested that any biochemical weapon specifically designed to take out Palestinians would also take out most of today's Jewry, AND a large number of Europeans and their descendants, such as many Americans.
Looking at it from the point of view of mtDNA wasn't entirely satisfactory either. Remember the remark: two of the nine Jewish populations had the CRS as their modal haplotype, including the largest group of modern Jews, Ashkenazi:
The pattern in Ashkenazic Jews is of particular interest. Despite the common opinion that this population has undergone a strong founder event, it has a modal haplotype with a frequency similar to that of its host population (9.0% vs. 6.9%), providing little evidence of a strong founder event on the female side.
That meant that the mtDNA as an "excluder" would only work for less than 30 percent of modern Jews – Separdic Jews – and the remaining 70 percent would be as susceptible to an Ethnic Specific agent as Palestinians. That didn't make a whole lot of sense. Since most of the Zionist Jews are Ashkenazi, why would they create a weapon that would guarantee their own destruction? I kept thinking about Larsen's explication of the possibility of "engineered biological pathogens which would affect only those races which historically have no natural defense against certain "enzyme inhibitors."
Of course, I realized that there must surely be a lot more to this issue than was available to the public. Who knows what kind of research goes on in the Enclaves of the National Security State?
So there the problem rested as I continued to dig for clues.
Now, let's take a moment to answer the question: what is mtDNA and what, precisely, does it do?
Mitochondria are tiny structures that exist within every cell, though not in the cell nucleus along with the chromosomes. The mitochondria help the cell use oxygen to produce energy. The more active a cell is, the more energy it needs and the more mitochondria it contains. Active cells such as those that make up muscles and neurons can contain as many as a thousand mitochondria.
Each mitochondria is in a little membranous sac which also contains enzymes for aerobic metabolism, or the burning of fuel that we take in as food. This "burning" takes place in a "sea of oxygen" which neither produces "flame" nor gives off light, but most definitely produces heat.
The main output of this process is a high-energy molecule called ATP which is needed by the body to run everything from the beating of the heart, to thinking with the cells of the brain.
Right in the middle of each of these little power cells is a tiny piece of DNA that is only sixteen and a half thousand base pairs in length. To compare, the bases in the chromosomes of the nucleus number three thousand million.
Mitochondrial DNA is composed of genetic codes for the oxygen-capturing enzymes that do the work in the mitochondria. Interestingly, many of the genes that control the workings of the mitochondria are found within the nuclear chromosomes. This, of course, reminds us of Larsen's "enzyme inhibitors." An inhibitor that affects "oxygen capturing enzymes?"
There is also something very bizarre about the mtDNA: Mitochondrial DNA forms a circle.As it happens, bacteria and other micro-organisms also have circular chromosomes.
Some experts think that mitochondria were once free-living bacteria that invaded more advanced cells hundreds of millions of years ago. The cells got a boost from being able to use oxygen – a cell can create much more high-energy ATP from the same amount of fuel using oxygen than it can without it – and the mitochondria may have found life within the cell more "comfortable" than outside. Yes, I know this is a really wild explanation, but it gets better. The experts theorize that, very slowly, over millions of years, some of the mitochondrial genes were transferred to the nucleus where they remain. This means mitochondria are trapped within cells and cannot return to the outside even if they wanted to.
This idea is based on the fact that the nuclear chromosomes are littered with broken fragments of mitochondrial genes that can't do anything because they are not intact.
Of course, with the strange connections that pop up in my head, all of this reminded me of a number of remarks made by "Us in the Future" which I can't resist including here in chronological order, though each excerpt came at different times, spread out over 8 years:
DNA core is as yet undiscovered enzyme relating to carbon. Light waves were used to cancel the first ten factors of DNA by burning them off. At that point, a number of physical changes took place…
Q: (L) Could you describe to me the true meaning of the Osirian cycle. What was the symbology of the killing of Osiris and the cutting up of the body?
A: Removal of knowledge centers.
Q: (L) Knowledge centers in what?
A: Your DNA.
Q: (L) So, the breaking up of Osiris' body represents the breaking up of the DNA in our bodies?
A: Partly. Also means knowledge capacity reduction.
Time is an illusion that works for you because of your altered DNA state.
Q: (V) A few weeks ago several of us began to suffer from internal heat, insomnia, and other things. What was this?
A: Image. Deep conjunction of fibrous linkage in DNA structure.
Q: (L) Is there any possibility of regaining or restructuring this DNA?
A: Was there, will be again.
Q: (L) OK, we've got a whole bunch of DNA, in these funny- looking double strands. And, according to the book, only 2% is actually used, and the other 98% of it is what these 'experts' are pleased to call 'junk.' They call it junk. Now, I would like to know, is there any way to activate this other DNA?
A: Won't it be activated on its own?
Q: Is bloodline something that is distinct or different from genetics or DNA?
A: Symbiotic relationship.
Q: Are these bloodlines carrying a specific codon that is designed to activate at a certain period of time or in response to a certain frequency?
A: Possibly, but why should not that apply to everyone?
Q: I have been having this sensation of an electrical charge building up in my legs and I would like to know what I can do to discharge this. All the muscles are hard and uncomfortable.
A: Molecular changes due to DNA evolving.
[Break. Group watches video: Riverdance.]
Q: Hi guys! Did you like the movie?… How close are these dances to the original Celtic dances?
A: Half.
Q: What about these dances would make them more original?
A: Floating.
Q: But, why the stylized rigidity of the arms?
A; Has to do with sound through chemical enzyme based utilization for power purposes.
Q: How does the stiff-arm posture relate to sound?
A: Chemical transmitter flow.
Q: You mean that something flowed through their arms and out their hands to enhance levitation?
Q: Well, if you think about it, the Celtic floklore talks about the enormous heat of certain heros who had to be plunged into very cold water several times so that they could cool down enough to put clothes on. Add to that the fact that the Celts went into battle naked because they would go into the 'furor' and produce so much heat that they could not tolerate clothing. And, what about the heat of the 'states' [described by Ibn al-'Arabi] that I experience from time to time identified that as a 'reflection' of the connection to 4th density. That is a truly bizarre state because the heat is so intense it is almost unbearable, yet does not even show on a thermometer, and to anyone else who touches me, I am not hot. Yet the internal heat is unbelievable.
Q: (L) What would be the effect of cosmic rays emitted by a supernova that is in some proximity to the earth on the human body?
A: Genetic splice of strand.
Q: (L) How close would a supernova have to be to have this effect?
A: 2000 light years.
Q: You once said that the core of DNA is an as yet undiscovered enzyme related to carbon. Is that correct?
Q: Here in this book it says: "Evidence is accumulating that only a relatively small portion of the DNA sequence is for so-called structural genes. Structural genes lead to the production of protein. There are an estimated 50,000 structural genes with an average size of approximately 5,000 base pairs, which then accounts for only 250 million of the estimated 3 billion base pairs.
What is the rest of the DNA for?
Some of the DNA is so-called repetitive sequences, repeated thousands of times. The function is unknown. The ALU, repeat, for instance, contains over 300,000 copies of the same 300 base pair sequence. Certainly this DNA is not junk and plays some important role in the gene regulation chromosomal architecture or chromosomal replication.
Until 1977, it was thought that genes were single sequences of DNA that are coded into RNA and then into protein. However, further study has shown greater complexity. It is now known that there are pieces of DNA within a gene that are not translated into protein. These intervening sequences, or INTRONS, are somewhat of a mystery, but appear to be a very common phenomenon."
Now, is this thing they are talking about, these INTRONS, are these the core that you were talking about?
A: In part.
Q: What about this ALU repeat with over 300,000 copies of the same base pair sequence. What is it?
A: Tribal unit.
Q: What is a tribal unit?
A: Sectionalized zone of significant marker compounds.
Q: What does this code for?
A: Physiological/spiritual union profile. …
Q: What does the rest of the DNA code for that is not coding for structural genes. What else can it be doing?
A: Truncated flow.
Q: Truncated flow of what?
A: Liquids. …
Q: (L) Does truncated flow mean a flow of liquid that has been stopped?
A: Yes. Because of design alteration!
Q: Is this liquid that has been truncated a chemical transmitter?
Q: And would this chemical transmitter, if it were allowed to flow, cause significant alterations in other segments of the DNA?
Q: So, there is a segment of code that is in there, that is deliberately inserted, to truncate this flow of liquid, which is a chemical transmitter, or neuropeptide, which would unlock significant portions of our DNA?
A: Close: Biogenetic engineering. …
Q: Okay, can you tell us what this specific liquid or transmitter was truncated?
A: Think of the most efficient conductor of chemical compounds for low wave frequency charge.
Q: Saline?
A: Closer. It is a naturally bonding combination.
Q: (L) Well, I'll have to research it. The fact is, we've got 3 billion base pairs… do some of these so-called segments of "junk DNA," if they were activated, would they instruct chromosomal replication to take place with more than 23 pairs as a result?
Q: Is there anything we can do in terms of activities or…
A: No. Biogenetic engineering.
Q: Was the thought that I had one night that, at some point in time something may happen that will turn genes on in our bodies that will cause us to physically transform, an accurate perception of what could happen?
A: For the most part, yes.
Q: Are there any limitations to what our physical bodies can transform to if instructed by the DNA? Could we literally grow taller, rejuvenate, change our physical appearance, capabilities, or whatever, if instructed by the DNA?
A: Receivership capability.
Q: What is receivership capability?
A: Change to broader receivership capability. ..
Q: (A) It means how good is your receiver.
Q: (L) What is your receiver? The physical body?
A: Mind through central nervous system connection to higher levels.
Q: So, that is the whole issue of gaining knowledge and developing control over your body. If your mind and CNS are tuned to higher levels of consciousness, that has significance in terms of your receivership capability?
All persons of Nordic heritage hold secret power centers, can be of darkness, or of light…
Suffering activates neuro-chemicals which turn on DNA receptors.
Coming back to our mtDNA, we realize that this is the powerhouse of the body, where oxygen capturing enzymes are coded. The mystery as to why parts of mtDNA are attached to nuclear DNA might be easily solve by theorizing that it was once part of the nuclear DNA. Again, a segment from our superluminal transmissions from Us in the Future comes to mind:
Q: During the time Neanderthal man was on the Earth, did he live alongside Modern man?
A: Yes. Except modern type man was different then.
Q: In what ways?
A: DNA and psycho/electrical frequencies.
Q: Does this mean that their physical appearance was different from what we consider to be modern man?
A: Radiance. …
Q: Oh, that's interesting. Well, there are legends that the Northern people had "light" in their veins. Very ancient belief. Is this what you are referring to?
A: Maybe.
I don't want to speculate too much further on the mtDNA at this point except to suggest that it might be the key to Ethnic Specific biochemical weapons when you consider that its configuration is similar to that of bacteria.
Now, as I mentioned, realizing that Ashkenazi Jews were different in some significant way from Separdic Jews, I decided to have a look at Koestler's book which presents the theory that Eastern European Jews are descended from the ancient Khazars. Look again at the chart below to note the position of Ashkenazi Jews relative to other groups according to the male lineage analysis.
Graph from Michael Hammer's study, Uni of Arizona.
Jews are represented by triangles: Ashkenazim = Ash, Roman Jews = Rom, North African Jews = Naf; Near Eastern Jews = Nea; Kurdish Jews = Kur, Yemenite Jews = Yem; Ethiopian Jews = EtJ; non-Jewish Middle Easterners = Pal, non-Jewish Syrians = Syr, non-Jewish Lebanes = Leb, Israeli Druze = Dru, non-Jewish Saudi Arabians = Sar; Non-Jewish Europeans: Rus = Russians, Bri = British, Ger = Germans, Aus = Austrians, Ita = Italians, Spa = Spanish, Gre = Greeks, Tun = North Africans and Tunisians; Egy = Egyptians, Eth = Ethiopians, Gam = Gambians, Bia = Giaka, Bag = Bagandans, San = San, Zul = Zulu. Tur = non Jewish Turks, Lem = Lemba from south Africa.
Again we notice that the lower right corner of the graph is where Near Eastern Jews are positioned. One might therefore theorize that the Near Eastern Jews are, more or less, the most "Jewish" of the Jews in terms of many generations of "Jews" in their family lines. Looking around this cluster, we notice that there are several "families" that are very close, including Yemenite Jews, Druze, North African Jews, and Palestinians. On the other hand, the Ashkenazi Jews are not only much closer to Turks, Syrians and Roman Jews, they are quite distant from both the Near Eastern Jews and the Palestinians. I also noted with some considerable interest that Saudi Arabians are much closer to Europeans and even Ashkenazi Jews than to Palestinians.
Naturally, Zionist Jews – most of them Ashkenazi – do not like Koestler's ideas – that the Eastern European Jews were originally Khazars, an Aryan tribe from Central Asia. The short version of one of the theories held to by the Ashkenazi themselves is that the Roman Jews are descended from a group of Jews that fled Israel at the time of the diaspora and that some of them migrated up into Eastern Europe, then going even further East and mixing with Turks, forming the Ashkenazi Jews. Another theory is that the Khazars included remnants of original Jews who fled Israel at the time of the Babylonian captivity. When they adopted Judaism in the 9th century, they were just "coming home" so to say. With either of these theories, they retain their "birthright" to Israel upon which the present occupation of Palestine is based.
I can only say I have read a lot of material on both sides of the question and I find Koestler's research to be original and credible. What is more, there is nothing about the gene flow of the Eastern European Jews that cannot be explained far more completely with his theory than with the "out of Israel at some point" hypothesis. Koestler's ideas explain the anomalies of the Khazar clans as well, when juxtaposed against the Sephardic Jews and their paternal kin, the Palestinians.
Hillel Halkin wrote in an article entitled: Wandering Jews and Their Genes:
Finally, published in last June's Proceedings of the National Academy of Science were the results of a study conducted by an international team of scientists led by Michael Hammer of the University of Arizona and Batsheva Bonn-Tamir of Tel Aviv University…
Based on genetic samples from 1,371 males… its main conclusions are:
1. With the exception of Ethiopian Jews, all Jewish samples show a high genetic correlation…
3. In descending order after these Middle Easterners, Ashkenazi Jews correlate best with Greeks and Turks; then with Italians; then with Spaniards; then with Germans; then with Austrians; and least of all with Russians… And on the other hand again: whereas the traditional explanation of East European Jewish origins was that most Ashkenazi Jews reached Poland and Russia from… the Rhineland; Rhineland from northern France… this version has come under increasing challenge in recent years on both demographic and linguistic grounds.
Most Jews, the challengers maintain, must have arrived in Eastern Europe not from the west and southwest but from the south and east – that is, via northern Italy and the Balkans; Asia Minor and the Greek Byzantine empire; the Volga kingdom of the Khazars… or a combination of all three.
Now comes the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science report, which appears to bear out this newer version of events. Ashkenazi Jews, it informs us, have a more significant admixture of Italian, Greek, and Turkish genes than of Spanish, German, or even Austrian ones.
In other words, for the Jews to have traveled up through Italy to Eastern Europe, they would have had to mix with Germans or Austrians – but that isn't the case.
Of course, things are not so simple. Even without questioning the study's highly technical procedures, different interpretations could be put on them. It could be argued, for example, that the resemblance of Jewish to Greek and Italian Y chromosomes is traceable to proselytization in the Mediterranean world during the period of the Roman Empire…
What must also be remembered is that Y chromosomes tell us only about males. But we know that in most societies, women are more likely to convert to their husband's religion than vice-versa… If true, this might also explain a number of differences between the Hammer/Bonn-Tamir study and earlier research on the geographical distribution of specific Jewish diseases, blood types, enzymes, and mitochondrial DNA…
This issue is actually so contentious that, after the paper on the Eight Founding Mothers of Judaism was published, Michael Hammer, himself of Ashkenazi heritage, and others, went back to the lab and produced their own "Founding Mother Event of Ashkenazi Jews" paper.
Published on January 14, 2004, just a couple of months ago, the paper, entitled MtDNA evidence for a genetic bottleneck in the early history of the Ashkenazi Jewish population tells us the following: (emphases, mine)
The term 'Ashkenazi' refers to Jewish people of recent European ancestry, with an historical separation from other major Jewish populations in North Africa and the Middle East. The contemporary Ashkenazi gene pool is thought to have originated from a founding deme that migrated from the Near East within the last two millennia. After moving through Italy and the Rhine Valley, the Ashkenazi population presumably experienced a complex demographic history characterized by numerous migrations and fluctuations in population size. During the past 500 years, there was a period of rapid growth culminating in an estimated population size of 8 million Ashkenazi Jews at the outbreak of the Second World War.
Notice that in this most recent research, Hammer is again trying to resurrect the "Up through Italy and the Rhine Valley" idea which is rather thoroughly contradicted by his own earlier research on the paternal ancestry as Hillel Halkin pointed out. One of the issues of Ashkenazi ancestry is the high frequency of more than 20 known recessive disease alleles. As any animal breeder knows, this often occurs with inbreeding. Koestler has pointed out that the Khazars – after their conversion – were more "Jewish than the Jews." As converts, they were more zealous in following the "rules" of not marrying outside of their group. After the destruction of the Khazar kingdom, the population of Khazarian Jews was undoubtedly greatly reduced and this accounts not only for a bottleneck, but also for the conditions in which inbreeding would occur, leading to the expression of recessive disease alleles in the gene pool.
Reading Hammer's new paper is almost painful as his efforts to "repatriate" the Ashkenazi Jews are quite transparent. He refers, at the very beginning, to the "Eight Founding Mothers paper" which pretty much left the Ashkenazi out in the cold, Jewishly speaking.
In a recent study based on mtDNA sequence variation … the authors inferred separate maternal founding events for several Jewish populations, with limited subsequent gene flow from surrounding host populations. Interestingly, the Ashkenazi Jewish sample in this study appeared to be an exception to this pattern, showing no strong signal of a founding event …
To address the question of whether mtDNA from Ashkenazi populations exhibit signs of a genetic bottleneck, we perform a more extensive analysis of mtDNA genetic variation … in a sample of 565 Jews from 15 different Ashkenazi communities originating in western and eastern Europe, and compare these patterns of variation with those of neighboring non-Jewish populations.
In our analysis, we take advantage of the ability to infer evidence for maternal population bottlenecks on the basis of comparative estimates of mtDNA sequence diversity.
This last paragraph just tells us in Sciencespeak that they intend to "interpret" the data according to their bias; you know, "cook the data."
The results presented here portray a pattern of highly reduced mtDNA diversity for the Ashkenazi population, an unusually large proportion ofmtDNA haplotypes that are unique to the Ashkenazi gene pool, and a reduction in frequency of rare haplotypes and singleton sites compared with Near Eastern populations.
For example, the three most frequent Ashkenazi haplo- types account for 27.8% of total mtDNA repertoire in our Ashkenazi sample. These Ashkenazi mtDNA haplotypes are virtually absent from surrounding non-Jewish populations and therefore provide a genetic signature of the Ashkenazi maternal gene pool, and bear witness to the strong effects of genetic drift acting on this population.
What Hammer is NOT addressing is the fact that maternal gene pool of the Ashkenazi is not related to the maternal gene pool of other Jews. As Koestler pointed out, the above also bears witness to the self-imposed isolation of Jewish groups among their host populations. They chose to live in walled Ghettos and keep their genes to themselves even if it meant extreme endogamy. In other words, what Hammer et al is describing is inbreeding. He acknowledges this below:
This contrasts with the situation in both Near Eastern and European non-Jewish populations, where only a single haplotype (CRS) was found at elevated frequencies (ie, above 5%).
There are several periods in the history of Jewish populations when bottlenecks may have occurred, for example: (1) in the Near East before the initial migration to Europe (eg, 41,500 years ago), (2) during the migrations of Jews from the Near East to Italy after the 1st century A.D., (3) upon establishment of small communities in the Rhine Valley in the 8th century A.D., and (4) in the 12th century A.D., when migrations took place from western to eastern Europe.
In addition, endogamy in combination with 4100-fold population growth in the last 500 years undoubtedly played a role in shaping patterns of variation in the Ashkenazi gene pool.
While several authors posited that the high frequency of genetic conditions, such as Tay-Sachs disease, is the result of heterozygote advantage, 5,28 – 30 others have argued for an important role of genetic drift. For example, Risch et al. proposed that founder effects resulting from the dynamics of population growth in the 16 – 19th centuries, especially in the northern Jewish Pale of Settlement (Lithuania and Belarus), explain most, if not all of the genetic diseases observed at high frequency in the Ashkenazi population today. This hypothesis was supported by the inference of a recent age of the single founder mutation ( B350 years) that causes early-onset idiopathic torsion dystonia.
The much older estimated age of the factor XI type II mutation ( B3000 years), which has a high frequency in both Ashkenazi and Iraqi Jewish populations, implies that its frequency is largely independent of the recent demographic upheavals particular to the Ashkenazi population. […]
All of the above – and more – is covered rationally and plausibly by Koestler in his bookThe Thirteenth Tribe. Nevertheless, Hammer et al continue to beat the dead horse of a Near East origin for the Ashkenazi mtDNA gene pool.
The observed mutational frequency peak for the Ashkenazi and Near Eastern non-Jewish populations is similar and consistent with the age of the Pleistocene expansion, which is older than that inferred from the mutational frequency peak for European non-Jews. This is consistent with a Near East origin for a major portion of the Ashkenazi Jewish mtDNA pool.
If the Jewish population bottleneck did begin in the Near East, other Jewish populations from around the world are predicted to harbor similar values of f 0 and f 1 in their mismatch distributions. To test this prediction, we examined the mismatch distributions resulting from the data of Thomas et al., which includes samples of the Bukharan, Georgian, Indian, Iranian, Iraqi, Moroccan, and Yemenite Jewish communities. All HVS-1 sequence datasets showed a significantly elevated f 0 (only Sephardic Jews showed an increase in f 1 ) relative to Near Eastern non-Jewish populations… This result implies that global Jewish communities suffered a common bottleneck in the Near East, or independent founder events during the Jewish Diaspora. […]
Notice in the above that the Sephardic Jews, did not fulfull the prediction of the "mismatch theory" above. Also note that this prediction was not tested against anything other than Jewish populations. What if other populations show similar mismatch distributions? But Hammer presses on bravely in his attempt to explain why Ashkenazi aren't like other Jews in the maternal ancestry:
This suggests the possibility that contemporary Ashkenazi mtDNA diversitymay derive, in part, from a small and subdivided ancestral mtDNA gene pool, and is consistent with the hypothesis that some high frequency disease alleles originated before the separation of Jewish communities in the Near East. Indeed, estimates of the age of mutations causing Ashkenazi genetic diseases range from recent times (ie, during demographic upheavals within Europe in the past 500 years), to times when ancestral Ashkenazi populations were first migrating to and within Europe, to times before Jewish populations migrated out of the Near East. […]
The combined mtDNA and disease mutation data suggest that Ashkenazi Jewish populations experienced a long period of accentuated genetic drift marked by an early bottleneck, perhaps beginning in the Near East. Prolonged periods of low effective population size can lead to the accumulation of slightly deleterious mutations throughout the genome. Small founder populations derived from large ancestral populations are not always capable of purging these deleterious mutations. This may be the ultimate cause of the segregation of disease mutations in Ashkenazi Jews. However, this explanation does not preclude more proximal causes for the increase in frequency of disease mutations, such as those hypothesized by Risch et al., 7 unequal contribution of a particular segment of the Ashkenazi Jewish community to the explosive population growth occurring in the Pale of Settlement approximately 25 generations ago. Low effective size may have enabled deleterious mutations to become established in the Jewish population, while the recent growth of affected segments of the community amplified these mutations to frequencies sufficiently high to form homozygotes.
In other words, he has described the results of the exact scenario that Koestler has hypothesized – inbreeding of a small, surviving population of Khazars and ghetto-ization of fanatical converts – and still has not managed to provide a single convincing bit of evidence of the origin of the Ashkenazi in the Near East.
The short of it is that Koestler's theory, despite many attempts to deconstruct it, still provides the best answers for the origins of the Ashkenazi Jews: they were Khazars who, for political reasons, converted to Judaism. The interested reader is invited to click HERE and read Koestler's book with its original research and clear exposition of the links between the Khazars and the Eastern European Jews.
The big question now is: Who were the Khazars? Koestler was only able to go so far with answering this question. In my own search, I think I may have gotten a bit closer to it than he did and, at the same time, maybe I have discovered the clue as to why Nostradamus and Edgar Cayce said what they did:
Nostradamus wrote:
In the year 1999 and seven months
From the sky will come the Great King of Terror,
Raising again the great king of the Mongols,
Before and after Mars (war) reigns at his pleasure. X.72
Edgar Cayce's mention of Mongols was as follows:
If there is not the acceptance in America of the closer brotherhood of man, the love of the neighbor as self, civilization must wend its way westward – and again must Mongolism, must a hated people be raised.
Tags: ashkenazi, biological weapons, David Kelly, dna, Edgar Cayce, jew, Jupiter, mongols, Nostradamus, sephardic
Posted in Jupiter Nostradamus Edgar Cayce and the Return of the Mongols


text:
Hyperlapse oder Raumraffer (auch Walklapse, Spacelapse und Stop-Motion Timelapse) ist eine Aufnahmetechnik aus dem Bereich des Zeitraffers, bei der die Position der Kamera zwischen den Einzelaufnahmen geändert wird, um eine Bewegung im Film zu ermöglichen. Im Gegensatz zu einem einfachen bewegten Zeitraffer (auch Motion Timelapse) – zumeist auf kurzen Schienensystemen realisierte Kamerafahrten – wird die Kamera bei einem Hyperlapse über weite Strecken bewegt.

Bildwirkung
Die filmische Methode des Zeitraffers, also einer beschleunigten Darstellung der Echtzeit, wird beim Hyperlapsing um eine räumliche Komponente ergänzt (daher der Name "Raumraffer").
Die Kamera rotiert auf den langen Strecken zumeist um einen exakten Fixpunkt und visualisiert so die Ausdehnung des angepeilten Objekts sehr deutlich.
So bietet sich diese Aufnahmetechnik besonders für Architektur an.

Technische Voraussetzungen
Ein Hyperlapse wird wie ein Stop-Motion mit einer Fotokamera aufgenommen, die aufgenommenen Einzelbilder (Frames) werden in der Nachbearbeitung dann zu einem Video zusammengefügt (daher der Name "Stop-Motion Timelapse"). In einem Hyperlapse wird die Kamera zumeist auf einen Fixpunkt ausgerichtet, um den sie dann über weite Strecken bewegt wird. Um die Strecken ohne ein langes Schienensystem und/oder einen Kamerawagen realisieren zu können, wird der Weg zumeist zu Fuß mit der Kamera auf einem Stativ bewältigt (so der Name "Walklapse").
Die Einzelbilder werden in der Postproduktion ausgerichtet und zum Bewegtbild zusammengefügt. Diese Vorgehensweise macht das Hyperlapsing jedoch zu einer sehr arbeitsintensiven Aufnahmemethode.

Geschichte
Der Begriff Hyperlapse wurde von dem amerikanischen Filmemacher Dan Eckert erfunden, und maßgeblich durch den Künstler Shahab Gabriel Behzumi und sein Video "Berlin Hyper-Lapse" (2012) geprägt.

Eine Inspiration durch den Regisseur Godfrey Reggio und der berühmten Qatsi-Trilogie (Koyaanisqatsi, Powaqqatsi und Naqoyqatsi) ist wahrscheinlich, wird doch eine ähnlich starke pathetische Bildwirkung angestrebt. Godfrey Reggios Aufnahmen fallen in die Kategorie bewegte Zeitraffer (Motion Timelapse).

Weiterentwicklung
Weiterentwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Zeitraffertechnik sind kontinuierlich zu verzeichnen. So wird beispielsweise an der Bildqualität der Sequenzen durch immer effizientere Aufnahmemethoden sowie an leistungsstärkeren Automatisierungen für die nachträgliche Sequenzstabilisierung gearbeitet.
Zudem führt die tendenziell steigende maximale Auflösung (Fotografie) der digitalen Kameras zu mehr Spielraum bei der Postproduktion, da durch eine hohe Auflösung beispielsweise synthetische Änderungen des Zoomfaktors ohne sichtbaren Qualitätsverlust möglich sind, was die Dynamik der Sequenz zusätzlich erweitert.

Google Street View Hyperlapse
Google Street View Hyperlapse ist eine Open-Source-Applikation der kanadischen Design-Agentur Teehan + Lax, die es ermöglicht, mittels Fotos aus Google Streetview individuelle Touren zu erstellen und abzufahren. Nach der manuellen Definition eines Ausgangs- und eines Endpunktes errechnet der Google-Routenplaner die Strecke und generiert daraus eine virtuelle Kamerafahrt. StreetView Hyperlapse erlaubt dem Anwender erstmals interaktive 360°-Drehungen bei gleichzeitiger und kontinuierlicher Änderung des Standpunkts des virtuellen Fotografen. Die somit generierten Sequenzen erweitern das Hyperlapsing dadurch um eine weitere Dimension, da es dem Betrachter zuvor nicht möglich war, beim Abspielen einer Video- oder Zeitraffer-Sequenz die Blickrichtung innerhalb des Videos nachträglich zu verändern. StreetView Hyperlapsing ermöglicht zudem erstmals das "Hyperlapsing" für den Heimanwender ohne Kameraausrüstung, da keine Notwendigkeit von Aufnahmegeräten besteht. Voraussetzung ist, dass die gewünschte Strecke bereits durch den Google Street View Dienst mithilfe seiner 360-Grad-Panoramabilder aufgenommen wurde. In Deutschland funktioniert das Erstellen von Hyperlapse-Routen meist nur in Großstädten, in anderen Ländern wie den USA hingegen sind nahezu landesweit StreetView-Fotos vorhanden.

Weblinks

 Seite des Künstlers Shahab Gabriel Behzumi
 Seite von Dan Eckert
 Hyperlapse Videos auf Vimeo

Einzelnachweise

Filmtechnik
Fototechnik
Wikipedia:Artikel mit Video

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Home News Pure precision
Pure precision
Tuesday 28 Feb 17
by Marianne Vang Ryde
Jørgen Arendt Jensen
Head of Section, Professor, Ph.D., Dr.Techn.
jaje@dtu.dk
Erik Vilain Thomsen
Head of Division, Professor
ervt@dtu.dk
The vital part of the ultrasound scanner—the transducer—is made from silicon on which different layers are placed. Several transducer elements can be made from each of these silicon wafer.
Ultrasound scanner goes portable
Major prize for portable ultrasound
The Portable Ultrasound Scanners project—running from 2013 to 2018—has received DKK 75 million (EUR 10 million) in funding from Innovation Fund Denmark out of a total budget of DKK 149 million (EUR 20 million).
From the outside, it looks like a space station engulfed in yellow light, where humanoid figures walk around purposefully between transparent cabinets with robotic arms juggling CD-like discs and man-sized microscopes connected to computers and monitors. It is not easy to tell whether they are men or women, because they are all covered in boiler suits, large bulky overshoes, glasses, and caps pulled down over their foreheads.
If you want to enter the clean room, there is no way around the unsexy and unbearably warm outfit, which also includes disposable gloves pulled over the suit sleeves. Packed in sealed bags, the outfit may only be opened inside the dressing room or the sluice, as it is called. And you should preferably not touch it on the outside—no easy task for a first-time visitor.
Here, a day's work may be ruined by a grain of dust. That is why you have to go through the sluice and the cumbersome change of clothes, and why all air is blown into the room through efficient filters in the ceiling and is sucked out through the perforated floor. The air which usually surrounds us contains 1 million particles per cubic meter. In the clean room, this figure is reduced to 100. It is, in other words, not completely dust-free, so running is strictly forbidden, as it will stir up the particles.
Shoes, phones, dictaphones, and pens must be left outside. All communication with the outside world takes place via landline phones attached to the walls, and any notes must be made on special non-fluffy paper using dusted pens, which are available in the sluice.
And now you are ready for a tour of DTU Danchip. I'm going to see how the transducer—the vital part of an ultrasound scanner—is made. The transducer converts electrical signals to sound waves and vice versa, when the sound returns as an echo from the interior of the body. The transducer must thus be able to emit and absorb sound and be made of a material which can be made to oscillate by an electrical pulse.
You would normally use a so-called piezoelectric crystal. It works fine, but the technology is limited by the fact that the distance between the individual transducer elements cannot be reduced to much less than 30 micrometres, and that crystals contain lead.
"Many of the large ultrasound companies have tried to make these silicon transducers, but have given up. However, we're well under way and have already made the first fully functional probes."
Professor Erik Vilain Thomasen, DTU Nanotech
Therefore, experiments are made to find an alternative, which is both made of the harmless material silicon and which can be made extremely small. This means that the critical dimensions may routinely be kept at around a micrometre.
I therefore don't stand a chance to see what it's actually all about. What I can see is something similar to CD discs. These so-called wafers, slices cut from silicon rods, will be placed in one of the transparent cabinets. A robot arm grabs a wafer and places it in a holder where it is held firmly in place by vacuum. And while the wafer is turned, various fluids are distributed on it.
First a metal layer intended to serve as base contact. Then an insulating polymer layer, where UV light in a so-called photolithography process forms a pattern of insulators, a kind of 'bricks' interspersed with air. The photosensitive polymer cannot withstand white light, which is why the entire clean room is swathed in yellow.
The top layer is an ultra-thin silicon wafer, to which is added a top electrode. When you later apply AC voltage over the electrodes, the silicon wafer will start vibrating and thus emit the sound, which this is all about.
When the layers are in place, the wafer is carried to the processing chamber where it is baked at 110°C. It is then cooled to room temperature, and a developer is applied to it. Finally, the developer is rinsed off with water, and the wafer is now ready to be checked under the microscope.
Devil in the detail
Each wafer may have several transducer elements, which consist of a pattern of tiny 'drums', each having their own contact. They are also known as CMUTs, an abbreviation for Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers.
"The smaller the CMUT cell is, the higher the frequency at which the final probe must be operated. The processes in the clean room give us a lot of freedom to determine the size and design of the CMUT cells, and this technology is therefore well suited making compact ultrasound transducers and high-frequency probes," says PhD student Andreas Havreland from DTU Nanotech, who is my guide in the clean room.
It is therefore a question of generating the exact frequency suitable for a particular medical purpose. The higher the frequency, the better the resolution of the image, but the more sound you also lose in the process. High frequencies penetrate less far into the body than low frequencies, which most people have probably experienced, when their neighbour throws a party, and the bass travels through walls easier than other frequencies.
DTU researchers have designed a structure that has proven to work in both a 2D probe where the transducers are only placed in one direction, and in a 3D probe where they are located so that the sound is emitted in two directions. But there is still a lot of work to do in optimizing the structure, so that the sound pressure is high enough to penetrate deep into the body of also heavy people.
"Many of the large ultrasound companies have tried to make these silicon transducers, but have given up. However, we're well under way and have already made the first fully functional probes, and I'm certain that we—within the project time frame—will be making even better probes, which can emit higher pressure waves," says Professor Erik Vilain Thomsen, DTU Nanotech.
The daily production output is inspected under the microscope where the fine patterns can be clearly seen when magnified 10 times. Yes, the patterns have the desired size, and the electrodes are placed exactly where they should be. So these transducer elements are ready to be sliced and placed in a probe.
And today's visitor to the clean room is ready to return to the dusty, white world.
https://cfu.dtu.dk/news/nyhed?id=62a72d52-bd7a-4930-b425-0bdb9339f83c


I am a UX Designer & Product Designer living in Seattle, WA. Currently, I lead research and design on esports technology for VPGame.
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Hello, I'm Joe DeMaria! I am a UX Designer & Product Designer living in Seattle, WA. Currently, I lead research and design on esports technology for VPGame.
Mountain top near Da Nang, Vietnam.
I've worked on several products including vpesports.com, Xbox One S, Xbox Elite Controller, Visual Studio Team Services, Microsoft Azure, and virtuoso.com. My depth of skill lies in quantitative and qualitative research to create a better user experience. My breadth of skill extends to design, programming, and mentorship.
I am the user experience specialist for VPGame's Esports Research & Development. We launched vpesports.com on January 4th, 2018 and have grew to being in the top 10 weekly total users for Esports media websites. VPEsports receives over 3 million pageviews per month. Our team is small and I where multiple hats each day.
Short term contracts to do research on Xbox systems and accessories and Visual Studio Team Services.
Won $20000 through writing an essay and traveled solo to the countries of India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Hong Kong, China, Tibet, Japan, Mongolia, Russia, Czech Republic, France, Belgium, and Ireland.
Virtuoso is the leading luxury travel advisor network. As a UX researcher, my focus was integrating UX research into a, agile environment to provide high value, actionable findings.
Without those who pushed me to move beyond what I knew, none of my current work would be possible. Thanks Dr. Dyck and Dr. Tuggy!


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Rogersville kan verwijzen naar de volgende plaatsen in de Verenigde Staten:
Rogersville (Alabama)
Rogersville (Missouri)
Rogersville (Tennessee)


Given the current context of enforced disappearances, the answer — which might be the worst of all answers — to the second question would be: we should not accept or justify this crime against humanity and say that murders are preferable in the sense that a physical murder at least leaves a corpse behind, with a personal and social identity of a human to be mourned by the family and friends while the forced disappearances leave families and friends waiting with uncertainty, hoping every day to get the victim back, until they die. Enforced disappearances are, indeed, more agonising than killing as the victim 'ceases to live… or rather had ceased to have lived' from the moment the incident takes place, as explained by Hannad Ahrendt in his book the Origin of Totalitarianism (1966).
Mohammad Tanzimuddin Khan is associate professor at the international relations department in the University of Dhaka.


Monstrous mayhem will be unleashed when Happy House swoops into the Children's Museum of Houston.
Join us for an evening of family-friendly, spook free trick-or-treating, creative costumes, face-painting, performances, crafts, gaming, and free access to one of Houston's premiere family destinations dedicated to sparking a passion for lifelong learning in children.
Click HERE for more information about the Children's Museum of Houston.


Voices of Safe Staffing - Nurses Know What Patients Need!
Nurses across the state are sharing their experiences and demanding staffing that ensures the safety of patients and nurses. As the professional organization that represents nurses across the Commonwealth, independent of role, education, or union affiliation, we want you to know that we are advocating on behalf of you!
I want to first thank all of the members of ANA Massachusetts who worked tirelessly to have our voice heard this election season. Our nurses wrote articles, debated, knocked on doors and held signs on election day to educate the voters of Massachusetts regarding the unintended consequences of Question 1. However, now we are faced with a greater challenge. This election season nurses in the Commonwealth became divided on the staffing issue when our unified goal is to provide our patients with high quality care. Let's join together and work together to achieve these professional goals...continue click here.
Nurses across the state are sharing their experiences and demanding staffing that ensures the safety of patients and nurses.
As the professional organization that represents nurses across the Commonwealth, independent of role, education, or union affiliation, we want you to know that we are advocating on behalf of you!
Please click here to read the final Health Policy Commission Safe Staffing Regulation.
Please click here. to read the testimony that our organization provided on this subject to the state's Health Policy Commission.
Donna Glynn, ANA MA President, Lobby Day presentation, click here.
Please click here to view video excerpts of ANA Massachusetts leaders and members speaking about the topic of safe staffing.
Please click here to go to the ANA Safe Staffing Saves Lives website for additional information.
Click here to view ANA Massachsetts position on Staffing ratios as a ballot question.
Click here to view chart outlining the ANA position difference from the MNA ballot language.
Click here to view one page outline of the ANA staffing legislation.
Click here to view ANA's Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act re: balanced approach to legislation.
Click here to Take Action on ANA Safe Staffing Bill.
As the state affiliate of the American Nurses Association, the oldest professional nursing organization, ANA MA ensures that the voice of nurses is heard across the Commonwealth and across the nation.
ANA Massachusetts strives to help registered nurses across the Commonwealth stay up to date on the major issues that affect their practice. We are here to serve you. aRe you iN?
More safe staffing information, click here.
ANA Mass testifies to the Massachusetts Health Policy Commission on important staffing regulations.
ANA Massachusetts Testimony, click here.
ANA Massachusetts Member and Staff Nurse Gayle Peterson testimony, click here.


The Vivienne Gown is a V-neck gown fitted to the natural waist, featuring a full A-line skirt with intricate laser-cut embroidery. This standout piece features beautiful organza flower petals, with hand sewn crystals accenting each one. Made with 100% silk lining, the Vivienne Gown is lightweight and easy to wear.
Measurements: Bust - 43.5" // Waist - 36.5"


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Home Trends New US report says that climate change could cost nearly $500B per...
New US report says that climate change could cost nearly $500B per year by 2090
A new report from the U.S. government on the impacts of climate change on society indicates that unless action is taken, climatological events could cost the country nearly half a trillion dollars annually by 2090.
The National Climate Assessment is a Congressionally mandated report on the impacts of climate change and was culled from the work of 300 authors in a dozen federal agencies. The 1,000-page report covers the effect of climate change on agriculture, labor, geography and health in the United States.
It's the second volume of a report intended to give federal policymakers information on how global warming will impact the United States.
It also comes at a time when the current administration is doing everything to refute the mounting evidence coming from inside its own agencies and shirk its national and international commitments to mitigating the effects of global climate change.
The report provides a stark picture of what's to come for the United States if action isn't taken. Many of the changes that climate change will bring to the country will be irreversible, according to the study.
In the absence of more significant global mitigation efforts, climate change is projected to impose substantial damages on the U.S. economy, human health, and the environment. Under scenarios with high emissions and limited or no adaptation, annual losses in some sectors are estimated to grow to hundreds of billions of dollars by the end of the century. It is very likely that some physical and ecological impacts will be irreversible for thousands of years, while others will be permanent.
There is hope that the world can still change course and reverse the effects associated with climate change. In fact, the study says that near-term mitigation efforts should begin showing results by the middle of the century. Ideally, it'll let scientists know what steps they're taking are working and what aren't.
Many climate change impacts and associated economic damages in the United States can be substantially reduced over the course of the 21st century through global-scale reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, though the magnitude and timing of avoided risks vary by sector and region. The effect of near-term emissions mitigation on reducing risks is expected to become apparent by mid-century and grow substantially thereafter.
But for the scientists that collected the data and assembled the report, the evidence of the human impact of climate change is now incontrovertible.
Observations from around the world show the widespread effects of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations on Earth's climate. High temperature extremes and heavy precipitation events are increasing. Glaciers and snow cover are shrinking, and sea ice is retreating. Seas are warming, rising, and becoming more acidic, and marine species are moving to new locations toward cooler waters. Flooding is becoming more frequent along the U.S. coastline. Growing seasons are lengthening, and wildfires are increasing.
While the federal government may not be willing to take action to curb the emissions that contribute to global warming, states, led by California, increasingly are developing legislation to mitigate or reduce carbon emissions and to create adaptation strategies for dealing with a warming climate.
READ TechStyle hits 5 million members for its retail empire
Venture capitalists also are beginning to commit significant capital to technologies focused on alternative energy generation, energy storage, emissions reduction and energy conservation that all fall under the category of sustainable solutions.
Indeed, the public offering for the vegetarian consumer food company, Beyond Meat, shows that there's a growing market for investments in companies that promote a more sustainable lifestyle.
And early-stage accelerator programs like Y Combinator are getting into the game, calling for startups that are developing technologies to reduce the emissions that are contributing to global warming.
The new report from the government paints a dire picture for the future if nothing is done, but, as the investment and technology community once again mobilizes to develop potential solutions, there's a chance that things may not be completely hopeless yet.
The critical step will be if the U.S. government will heed the advice of its own scientists and take steps to encourage greater action to what is increasingly looking like the biggest threat to human welfare.
To Read Our Daily News Updates, Please Visit Inventiva Or Subscribe Our Newsletter & Push.
Crowned by Burger King, meat replacement company Impossible Foods raises $300 million
Rocket Lab successfully launches seventh Electron rocket for 'Make It Rain' mission
A young entrepreneur is building the Amazon of Bangladesh
XGenomes is bringing DNA sequencing to the masses
Jupiter raises $23 million to tell businesses and governments how climate change will destroy them
Investors are pouring money into Latin America's logistics and shipping businesses
Y Combinator is launching a startup program in China
Freight trucking startup Shipwell gets a $10 million boost
READ Corporate venture investment climbs higher throughout 2018
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Twitter rolls out its redesigned desktop website with simplified navigation, more features
Aditya Birla Fashion snaps up ethnic wear brand Finesse for Rs 60 Cr
Apple stops selling budget iPhone 6 and SE in India ahead of fall event


2B: Gardiner,J; Johnsonbaugh; Marshall, P.
Radford, Va. -- Radford scored four runs in the second inning and pulled away with a five-run sixth in a 15-3 victory over the Youngstown State baseball team on Wednesday evening at the RU Baseball Stadium.
The Penguins split the two-game series with the Highlanders and will take a 2-5 record into their Horizon League-opening series against Milwaukee this weekend. Radford improved to 7-8.
Radford took advantage of 11 walks and five hit batsmen that were issued by Penguins pitchers.
The Highlanders scored four runs in the bottom of the second on four hits, two hit batters and a walk, and Patrick Marshall's two-run double in the fourth made the score 6-0.
Trevor Riggs hit a solo homer in the fifth, and Radford tacked on five runs in the sixth with the lone hit in the inning being a three-run homer by Hunter Higgerson. Radford added three more runs in the bottom of the seventh.
Youngstown State's three runs came in the top of the ninth on Shane Willoughby's three-run double. He brought in Anthony Rohan, who singled in his first career at bat, Joe King and Kevin Hix.
King finished 2-for-2 off the bench, and Frank Califano and Willoughby also had two hits. YSU had 10 hits in the game, just one fewer than Radford.
YSU starter Jared Wight was charged with four runs in 1.2 innings in the loss. The win went to Radford starter Austin Ross, who allowed two hits in four scoreless innings.
The Penguins will play their Horizon League opener against Milwaukee on Friday at 2 p.m. at Grand Park in Westfield, Indiana. The teams will also play on Saturday and Sunday at 1 p.m.


This INFOCUS IN26+ Projector Lamp is a genuine OEM part.
By virtue of the fact that they dominate the market the lions share of projector lamps purchased are Lamps from the Original Equipment Manufacturer. Examples of OEMs are Sony, Panasonic and Epson. They supply the part to be replaced for projectors they make and for which they design the lamp that it goes into it.
We can offer quantity discounts on larger orders, please contact us on 01592 654 549 or if you have found this lamp cheaper elsewhere. Credit accounts available to Public Sector, Government and Education customers. Please fax official purchase orders to 01592 653759.


The company behind the re-imagined New Stratos confirmed in an email today what we first reported back in July: Ferrari won't let them build it. But, they also hinted at a new, more French direction for their next car.
The New Stratos was built on the chassis of a Ferrari F430 with custom carbon fiber bodywork by Pininfarina meant to evoke the spirit of the Italian original. The Germans behind the deal had full cooperation during the construction from Ferrari, with then president Luca di Montezemolo even taking the wheel for a test drive and praising the setup. That support was apparently limited to one model.
The reason lies in the attitude of Ferrari CEO Dr. Amedeo Felisa, who opposes the production of other vehicles by companies that work with Ferrari.
So much for Pininfarina then.
It's a major disappointment for those of us looking forward to one day piloting a short-wheelbase wedge, but one with a silver lining. At the end of the email they mention Renault is considering letting them riff on a Renault Alpine A110 Berlinette for the modern world.


Joaquim Tenreiro was one of the key figures in shaping Brazilian modern design in the postwar years. He devoted his career to design furniture and formulated a new formal language that came to define Brazilian design as a whole. Craftsmanship was at the core of his creative aesthetics, but tradition was no less important. Combining the traditional and the modern was Tenreiro's way to create an expression of national identity. In NY, his furniture was introduced about a decade ago by R 20th Century Gallery, whose co-founder Zesty Meyer will be participating in the fall program of my program Collecting Design as a guest speaker.


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The short-tailed mongoose (Urva brachyura) is a mongoose species native to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo. It inhabits evergreen forest and rural gardens from sea level to an elevation of . It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List since 2008.

It was first described by John Edward Gray in 1837.

It is red-brown to black and has black limbs. The head is grayish with a black spot on the chin. Its total body length is  including a  short tail. It weighs about .

Subspecies
 U. b. brachyura
 U. b. hosei
 U. b. javanensis
 U. b. palawanus
 U. b. parvus
 U. b. sumatrius

References

Urva (genus)
Carnivorans of Malaysia
Fauna of Sumatra
Mammals of Borneo
Mammals of Brunei
Mammals of Indonesia
Mammals described in 1837
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN


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Home / Dehradun / Can a memorial be built for victims of 2013 Kedarnath tragedy, HC asks govt
Can a memorial be built for victims of 2013 Kedarnath tragedy, HC asks govt
The high court asked the state government to explore whether a memorial could be built for victims of 2013 Kedarnath flash floods where pilgrims could offer prayers for the departed souls, especially on the anniversary of the tragedy in mid-June
dehradun Updated: Jul 05, 2018 21:36 IST
Neeraj Santoshi
Hindustan Times, Nainital
The HC also directed the authorities concerned to preserve samples of DNA if remains of any individual are found.(HT File)
The Uttarakhand high court on Thursday asked the state government to explore whether a memorial could be built for victims of 2013 Kedarnath flash floods where pilgrims could offer prayers for the departed souls, especially on the anniversary of the tragedy in mid-June.
The HC also directed the authorities concerned to preserve samples of DNA if remains of any individual are found.
The orders were issued by the single bench of Justice VK Bisht, said said Ajay Gautam, a resident of Delhi and petitioner in the case.
The court will next hear the matter on August 20.
Gautam had filed the PIL in 2014 alleging that government was not coming clear on the actual number of casualties in the tragedy. He had also demanded that steps be taken to ensure proper last rites of the victims and a record of the biometric details of the visitors be maintained by the state government.
In December last year, responding to the PIL, a division bench of Justices Rajiv Sharma and Alok Singh had directed the state government to constitute special teams to trace the bodies lying scattered or buried in the Kedarnath area.
The HC had also directed that the final rites of the victims be undertaken in accordance with the tradition.
In November 2016, the HC had directed the state government to form special investigation teams (SITs) to trace and cremate the bodies of the disaster victims. Following the directions, the state government in May last year had constituted five SITs for searching the bodies of the victims.
Even after nearly five years of the tragedy, there is still no conclusive clarity on the number of people who died.
According to an affidavit filed by the state government in the HC, bodies of only 678 people could be recovered out of more than 4,000 people who went missing. Of these, 545 bodies were recovered in 2013, followed by 63 in 2014, three in 2015, 60 in 2016 and seven last year.
The state government has issued over 2,800 death certificates in the tragedy, while death certificates of many are on the hold due to unavailability of 'missing persons' reports that were to be lodged at the respective native places of the victims.
Ajay Gautam
Sanskrit to replace Urdu on railway signboards in Uttarakhand
Five tigers to be translocated from Corbett to Rajaji Reserve
Army Colonel booked for allegedly raping a woman on pretext of marriage
Pro-CAA group booked for protesting without permission in Dehradun
https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/can-a-memorial-be-built-for-victims-of-2013-kedarnath-tragedy-hc-asks-govt/story-kqBZzQAwCKzxDA1cjDczPI.html
Can a memorial be built for victims of 2013 Kedarnath tragedy?
https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/sanskrit-to-replace-urdu-on-railway-signboards-in-uttarakhand/story-tEihf4PVNsrHCWAH0lznLJ.html
https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/five-tigers-to-be-translocated-from-corbett-to-rajaji-reserve/story-IUYCjYyEPyqxcDWexv1JNI.html
https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/army-colonel-booked-for-allegedly-raping-a-woman-on-pretext-of-marriage/story-7Ahann3JonxLTnGH1YryhP.html
https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pro-caa-group-booked-for-protesting-without-permission-in-dehradun/story-LcRZ9jAce5HWixezCME6pO.html


Graham Hill essay in the New York Times: Is minimalism really sustainable?
Can stuff really be dispensed with so easily?
"The art of losing isn't hard to master" begins Elizabeth Bishop's poem "One Art," which goes on to demonstrate just how hard the art of losing is to master. Phrases repeat, so every time you think an idea is gone, it resurfaces. The writer comes off as someone so boxed in by hoarded memories that she'd need an intervention to clear them all out.
She should probably call Graham Hill.
Hill's essay is not the first simple-living manifesto to appear in the New York Times. In 2006, the paper ran a story on Maxwell Gillingham-Ryan, the founder of Apartment Therapy, who at the time lived with his wife, Kate, and their infant daughter, Ursula, in "a 265-square-foot, one-bedroom rental on Bedford Street in the West Village." The decision to renovate the tiny space during Kate's pregnancy, rather than move someplace larger, "was influenced by Mr. Gillingham-Ryan's role as founder and guiding spirit" of Apartment Therapy. That site "favors modernist rooms with an inviting but decidedly simple look … efficient rooms in which acquisition is carefully considered, and splurges are held in abeyance," the article said. To remain comfortable in their squeezed digs, the couple exchanged a full-size refrigerator for an under-the-counter model and allowed in the living room a "single piece of upholstered furniture"—a rocking chair. They shared one closet. "It helps to keep your life well-edited," Kate Gillingham-Ryan told the paper, using language eerily predictive of Hill's.
But can stuff really be dispensed with so easily? Especially as you acquire a spouse and/or children, is minimalism (to borrow another of the movement's favorite words) sustainable?
Stuff, it turns out, is pretty easy to defend. It can be useful. It can be evocative. It can embody, as one colleague phrased it, "memories and pacts and connections." Ancient gods and goddesses had accoutrements that symbolized their power: Mercury carried a wand. Poseidon bore a trident. Demeter hauled around wreaths and fruit. "No ideas but in things," insisted William Carlos Williams, voicing the mantra of the Imagists (not to mention Snooki and the Kardashians).
As for Bishop's poem, "One Art" is a villanelle, the poetic form most suited to addicts because of the way its repeated lines enact a relapse. It's the poetic form most suited to hoarders because it never lets anything go. There are exceptions like Dave Bruno, but for most of us, the things we try to lose keep returning to haunt us.
All of which is to say: Graham Hill, I've got my fingers crossed for you. I hope you can lead "a bigger, better, richer life with less." But if you can't, and you wind up backsliding into clutter along with the rest of us, that's no disaster.


Humble beginnings! Who would have guessed when we recorded this pilot episode with Kimberly Liermann that Hollywood Fishbowl would grow into the mighty oak that it is today?
From Upstate New York all the way to LA and the boy still has a glimmer in his eye! How does he do it? Find out in the premiere episode of Hollywood Fishbowl!


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Q: libvirt : Host - Guest can't get the correct route to make both pingable I'am runing A Ubuntu server as a Host, and I've a CentOS guest hosting an oracle database.
Everything was working just fine, until someone init 6 the server (What a great idea!). So I've to reconfigure again the Host-Guest route, but I totaly forgot what I did to get everything working...
Normaly on my Guest I just have to run a .sh  :
ifconfig eth0 10.0.45.100/32 up
route add -host 188.165.***.*** dev eth0
route add default gw 188.165.***.***
ip route add default dev eth0

But now I've to find what I did on the Host to route correctly everything
I found this post : How to bridge a range of public IPs to KVM virtual machines on Debian/Ubuntu
I've a bridge br0 and my guest's interface is vnet0 so I tried
ip addr add 10.0.45.100/32 dev br0

But that's route 10.0.45.100 to the host and not the guest (I tired dev vnet0 just in case) but it's not working either.
So at the moment, my host can't ping my guest, and my guest can't ping my host :/
if you have anyideas let me know :)

A: I just had to add this route :
ip route add to 10.0.45.100/32 dev br0

And now everything is working just fine.


In this particular video Craftsy knitting expert Stefanie Japel presents to us a project which can be completed in 1 hour! This particular project is for a super cute baby hat.
Thank you for the lovely hat ! I do everything with Magic Loop, that way I avoid seaming- which I detest. I will try it!
The link for the pattern is no longer available. Can this link be fixed?
Link to written instructions does not work. Would appreciate written instructions.