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Student on Student Harassment: A Survey
Student-on-Student Harassment: A Survey
What are the legal remedies and causes of action available in Illinois
on behalf of a student who is being 'Bullied' at school?
Brief Answer
There are several possible causes of action available to a victim depending on the circumstances. The causes of action vary in their likelihood of success. These include claims in violation of: Title IX , Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and also willful and wanton misconduct, and miscellaneous other claims.
'Bullying' occurs when one student or a group of students says or commit acts that are unpleasant to another student. Acts such as repetitive teasing in a way the victim does not like, and asks that the conduct cease, are also considered to be 'bullying'. When two students of equal strength quarrel or fight such behavior is not categorized as bullying. 285 Journal of Am. Med. Assoc. 2094, 2095. Bullying is measured subjectively by a victim according to the standard of a "reasonable" child. 1 Ed. Insight 1 April 2001.
In an analysis of data from 15,686 students from grades 6 through 10 in public and private schools throughout the United States it was discovered that 29.9% of the sample reported moderate or frequent involvement in bullying, as a bully (13.0%), one who was bullied (10.6%), or both (6.3%). Males were more likely than females to be both perpetrators and targets of bullying. The authors of the study concluded that the prevalence of bullying among "US youth is substantial" meriting "serious attention". 285 Journal of Am. Med. Assoc. 2094.
II. Analysis
Legal claims filed in cases of student-on-student harassment vary widely and are extremely fact specific. The current trend in bullying claims is the use of claims of violations of the Title IX. However, the recent ruling by the Supreme Court in Davis v. Monroe County Board of Ed. and its subsequent clarification of Title IX violations may change to number of future claims. Davis v. Monroe County Board of Ed. 526 U.S. 629 (1999). Other legal claims have included violations against Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 1983. In addition, personal injury claims of willful and wanton misconduct, personal liability and emotional distress may be available in certain egregious fact scenarios.
A. Title IX Violations
Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in education programs receiving federal financial assistance. It states:
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.
20 U.S.C. § 1681(a) (1994). Once an educational institution has notice of a hostile educational environment created by peer-on-peer sexual harassment it must take steps to remedy the situation. Cf. Karibian v. Columbia Univ., 14 F.3d 773, 780 (2d Cir.1994).
A Title IX claim requires proof of six elements:
1. That the victim was a member of a protected group.
2. That the victim was subject to unwelcome sexual harassment in the form of conduct or comments.
3. The harassment was based on gender.
4. The harassment unreasonably created an intimidating, hostile, abusive or offensive educational environment.
5. The School District had actual notice of the sexual harassment conduct (the notice element).
6. The School District failed to take corrective action to remedy the discriminatory conduct and hostile learning environment.
A school where a hostile environment is found that also lacks a sexual harassment policy and grievance procedure will be in violation of Title IX because "a student does not know either of the school's interest in preventing this form of discrimination or how to report harassment so that it can be remedied." Sexual Harassment Guidance, 62 Fed. Reg. 12034, 12040 (1997).
1. Davis v. Monroe County Board Of Education, 526 U.S. 629, 119 S.Ct. 1661, 143 L.Ed.2d 839 (1999).
In a 5: 4 decision, the Supreme Court held that school authorities are liable for failure in addressing student-student harassment under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. A female fifth grade student complained numerous times about incidents of unwanted touching and inappropriate comments by a male student. Each case of harassment was reported to both the student's teacher and mother. Her mother attempted to have the school take measures to stop the unwanted behavior and protect the student. The perpetrator was not disciplined by school officials nor was the victim permitted a new seating assignment away from her harasser. The victim's previously high grades began dropping. When the incidents escalated, the victim and her mother filed charges against the perpetrator who was charged and pled guilty to sexual battery.
The victim's mother filed suit on behalf of her daughter in federal district court alleging that the failure of the school officials to stop the sexual harassment violated her daughter's rights to be free from sexual discrimination under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 [20 U.S.C.A. § 1681(a)].
The victim sought injunctive relief and compensatory damages. The district court dismissed the case and the victim's mother appealed. The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals reversed in favor of the victim. 74 F.3d 1186 (11th Cir. 1996). Then, the appellate court sitting en banc vacated that judgment and affirmed the district court's dismissal of the claims 120 F.3d 1390 (11th Cir. 1998). The victim then appealed to the United States Supreme Court.
The court held that public school districts could only be held liable under Title IX for their own conduct, not the conduct of a third party. Here the district was liable for its inaction. It was ruled that the Davis County School District had "adequate notice" and could therefore be held liable for the improper school conduct.
The Court concluded that its earlier ruling in Gebser controlled liability in cases of student-to-student harassment. Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District, 524 U.S. 274 (1998). Therefore, a private cause of action under Title IX against a school district could only be successful if school officials had actual knowledge of the harassment and responded to that knowledge with deliberate indifference since school officials have significant disciplinary authority over any student's inappropriate behavior.
The Court limited the scope of its judgment stating that the standard does not extend to minor incidents of childish behavior to which American educators appear to have overreacted in recent years. The Court clarified this point by stating, "the behavior [must] be serious enough to have the systemic effect of denying the victim equal access to an educational program or activity" (slip op. at 11). The Court went on to explain that although conceivable, it is unlikely that a single isolated event would constitute exclusion from an educational program. A series of misbehaviors would therefore be necessary to substantiate a claim. The court concluded that funding recipients are liable for damages only "where they are deliberately indifferent to sexual harassment, of which they have actual knowledge, that is so severe, pervasive and objectively offensive that it can be said to deprive the victims of access to the educational opportunities or benefits provided by the school" (slip op. at 11, emphasis added). The Court held that the plaintiffs should be given the opportunity to present evidence and thereby remanded the case back to the lower court.
The dissent argued that funding recipients would now be held accountable for behaviors of which Congress through Title IX had not given them proper notice and predicted a flood of litigation for "merely childish" behavior.
2. The Condensation of The Davis Decision into a Legal Standard
(a) Reese v. Jefferson School District No. 14J, 208 F.3d 736 ((Or.), 2000.)
Four days after the last day of classes, a group of female high school students hid in the bathroom stalls of the boys' bathroom and ambushed a group of senior boys by throwing water balloons at the boys in retaliation for previous alleged incidents perpetrated by the male students. The students had been warned that any misbehavior would jeopardize their participation in commencement ceremonies. The vice-principal suspended the female students. The female students filed claims under Title IX and 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleging that the school district was liable for previous harassment committed by male students and for excluding the plaintiffs from commencement. Reviewing de novo, the district court entered a summary judgment in the school's favor.
Under Title IX the court articulated the Davis standard from Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education, 526 U.S. 629, 119 S.Ct. 1661, 143 L.Ed.2d 839 (1999). This was the first application of Davis criteria to a case of student-to-student harassment. The four requirements for school district liability under Title IX for student-on-student harassment were:
(1.) A school district must have substantial control over both the victim and the harasser.
(2.) The sexual harassment must be severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive. The court noted that schools are not adult workplaces and the standard for measuring behavior is not similar. Acts of teasing and name-calling based upon gender differences would not be enough to constitute a violation
(3.) A school district must have "actual knowledge" of the harassment. That is, through an official "who at a minimum has authority to address the alleged discrimination and to institute corrective measures on the recipient's behalf has actual knowledge of discrimination." Gebser, 524 U.S. at 290, 118 S.Ct. 1989.
(4.) A school must be deliberately indifferent to the harassment and thereby causing a victim to undergo harassment or to be vulnerable to it. "Deliberate indifference" occurs where the school's response to the harassment or lack thereof is clearly unreasonable in light of the known circumstances
Under the articulated standard the court held that the Jefferson School District was not liable for previous harassment of female students because it was not "deliberately indifferent" to sexual harassment since there was no "actual knowledge" until after the female pupils were threatened with suspension. The court also held that there was insufficient evidence of harassment "so severe as to deprive the Plaintiffs of educational benefits."
In addition, the court held that the school district did not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by punishing the female plaintiffs without punishing the male students accused by the plaintiffs. The female students failed to prove that the defendants acted in a discriminatory manner and that the discrimination was intentional. There was neither direct evidence of gender animus, nor evidence of system-wide disparate impact in punishments between genders and in fact there were anti-harassment policies and a proper record of enforcement of those policies.
The school district had timely notice of the plaintiffs' infraction, yet had no notice of alleged misconduct by the boys until the plaintiffs were threatened with suspension. This difference in notice supports the conclusion that the differences in discipline were not unconstitutionally discriminatory.
(b) Adusumilli v. Illinois Institute of Technology 191 F.3d 455 (Ill. 1999.)
In this case a court concluded that several separate incidents of harassment were not "pervasive" and "offensive" thereby affirming the district court ruling that a Title IX claim of discrimination was properly dismissed.
A female student sued her school under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 U.S.C. § 1681 for gender discrimination alleging that on twelve separate occasions, four male professors and six male students harassed her and that professors had retaliated by giving her "unfair grades." The acts involving professors included "ogling" and "unwanted touching" of her arm and back. Eight of the student acts involved touching of the hand, shoulder, back and leg. One incident involved a kiss on the cheek at graduation. The other two incidents respectively involved touching the top and bottom of Adusumilli's breast. Adusumilli, however, alleged that she complained about only two of these incidents to school officials: the touching of her right shoulder by a student named "Sam," and the touching of her breast by another student.
The court held that the complaints were isolated incidents perpetrated by different individual student and did not constitute severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive harassment depriving the student of access to the educational opportunities or benefits provided by the school. In addition, the court found that the harassment was not "severe and repeated," nor did it have a "systemic effect" as articulated in Davis at 1673,1677 & 1676. The court stated that these single incidents of student misconduct were unlikely to have such an effect and pointed out that in each instance the conduct ceased as soon as it occurred, and was not repeated.
B. Title VII Claims
Title VII of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1991, prohibits gender discrimination and sexual harassment in the workplace and includes specific enforcement regulations. Title VII standards for establishing a hostile work environment claim apply to hostile learning environment claims brought under federal statutes prohibiting discrimination against persons with disabilities. Rehabilitation Act of 1973, § 504(a), 29 U.S.C.A. § 794(a); Civil Rights Act of 1964, §§ 701 et seq., 42 U.S.C.A. §§ 2000e et seq.; Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, § 302, 42 U.S.C.A. § 12182. Guckenberger v Boston Univ. (1997, DC Mass) 957 F. Supp. 306, 21 ADD 243, 6 AD Cas 746.
1. Oona R. -S. – by Kate S. v. McCaffrey, 143 F.3d 473 ((Cal.), 1998.)
A Court of Appeals held that school officials' motion for qualified immunity was correctly decided by the district court and a petition for rehearing en banc was rejected. A female student filed a suit claiming school officials permitted sexual harassment by failing 1) to take steps to remedy inappropriate conduct by a student teacher and 2) addressing the hostile environment created by the male students in her class. The student teacher allegedly fondled, kissed, straddled, called her "Oona Noodles" and otherwise inappropriately touched the student. The school principal had refused the parent's demand to remove the student teacher. Harassment from male students included the use of slang terms and other types of offensive behavior. One allegation included a boy striking her in the face and telling her to "Get used to it". The parents removed her from the school at the end of the school year.
The student brought a civil rights action against school officials for violations of the equal protection clause, due process clause, and Title IX, alleging that officials were responsible for permitting sexual harassment by the student teacher and by boys in her class. The court held that at the time of alleged injury the rights asserted by student under equal protection clause and Title IX were clearly established and that Title VII standards apply to hostile environment claims under Title IX.
2. Doe v University of Illinois, 138 F.3d 653 (Ill., 1998).
A female student alleged that a group of male students touched her, used epithets, and in one incident a student deliberately exposed himself. The student and her parents had complained several times to school officials. She claimed the school had not done enough to punish the conduct and to prevent further occurrences by suspending one student and transferring another. Her parents removed her from the school due to the harassment.
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed the District Court dismissal of Doe's Title IX claim. The court held that a Title IX funding recipient might be liable for failure of prompt and appropriate action in cases of student‑on‑student sexual harassment during school activities under the supervision of school employees when school officials knew of the harassment. The court looked to Title VII case law and found no reason why students should receive less protection from hostile environment discrimination than adult workers who are regulated by Title VII.
Using the Title VII direct liability standard, the court held that a school could be liable for harassment by its students even though students are not agents of the school. The failure of action, rather than the school's liability through agency theory, provides the basis for liability.
C. Willful And Wanton Misconduct: An Introduction
The Illinois School Code 105 ILCS 5/1-1 et seq. and the Local Governmental and Governmental Employees Tort Immunity Act 745 ILCS 10/1-101 et seq. grant immunity to teachers and certified employees for ordinary negligence that occurs when they fail to supervise educational activities. However, such employees are liable for willful and wanton failure to act. Willful and wanton conduct is an action that shows an actual or deliberate intention to cause harm, which, if not intentional, shows an "utter indifference to or conscious disregard for the safety of others and their property". A court will establish what conduct, other than intentional conduct, is willful and wanton.
The Illinois Supreme Court has held that willful and wanton conduct includes: (1) a failure, after knowledge of impending danger, to use ordinary care or (2) a failure to discover the danger through carelessness when it could have been discovered through the exercise of ordinary care. Ziarko v. Soo Line Railroad, 161 Ill.2d 267, 273 (Ill. 1994).
The determinative issue is whether the school district had sufficient knowledge of an impending danger to be held liable, and whether it responded adequately to that knowledge. Courts rarely presume that a school had adequate knowledge or that school officials had such knowledge through awareness that a group of children will be gathering together. In the absence of prior complaints or actual events of injury, courts appear much less likely to presume that school officials have such knowledge. If the school district knows of a dangerous condition, then the question becomes whether actions were taken to correct the situation. Courts are unlikely to impose liability when a school district has made reasonable efforts.
1. Clay v. Chicago Board of Education, 22 Ill.App.3d 437 (Ill.App.1 Dist. (1974.)
A grade school pupil brought an action against the board of education and another pupil for injuries sustained as result of her being struck by the other pupil in an elementary school classroom. The Appellate Court held that the complaint failed to state a cause of action for willful and wanton negligence because the facts alleged did not create a duty or prove that the omission of any duty resulted in injury. The suit was barred by the board's immunity.
The victim was injured when a fellow student acting without provocation struck the plaintiff in the face, causing injuries while the teacher was absent from the classroom. The plaintiff asserted that the defendant knew or should have known about the perpetrator's tendencies toward violence and should not have allowed a yardstick to be left near or in the hands of the children.
The court articulated the standard from Schneiderman v. Interstate Transit Lines, Inc., 394 Ill. 569, 583 (Ill. 1946)., as:
'A wilful or wanton injury must have been intentional or the act must have been committed under circumstances exhibiting a reckless disregard for the safety of others, such as a failure after knowledge of impending danger, to exercise ordinary care to prevent it or a failure to discover the danger through recklessness or carelessness when it could have been discovered by the exercise of ordinary care.'
The court concluded that the board of education would be immune from suit for personal injuries sustained when one pupil struck another pupil in a classroom if mere negligence was alleged.
2. Templer v. Decatur Public School District No. 61, 182 Ill.App.3d 507 (4th Dist. 1989).
The Appellate Court held that a school district did not engage in wilful and wanton misconduct so as to be liable for a girl's injury affirming the Circuit Court's decision for a directed verdict. An action was brought against the school district on behalf of a nine-year-old girl who was hit in the eye by a neighborhood boy.
A boy allegedly harassed a third grade student on numerous occasions by rock throwing, hitting, hair pulling, and name calling at the bus stop area. The school responded by separating the two by picking them up and dropping them off at separate bus stops. As the female student waited for the school to open, the boy hit her in the right eye with his fist knocking her down. The boy muttered that he hit her in the eye because she caused the change of his bus pickup point. The court held that the school was not liable for wilful and wanton misconduct in this instance.
D. Violations of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 -An Introduction
The first issue in a § 1983 action is whether plaintiff sufficiently alleged a deprivation of any right secured by the Constitution. D.R., 109 F.3d at 1367. There are three claims that can be made in a § 1983 action. First, a special relationship existed between parties. Second, the state created a danger and is liable for the consequences of that danger. Finally, the school deprived the student of a constitutional right by actively or passively promulgating a de facto custom, policy, and/or practice of failing to properly safeguard its students, assuming the unlawful acts alleged were committed under the color of state law.
1. Special Relationship Theory
A claim under the special relationship theory exists where the state enters into a "special relationship" with a particular citizen and fails to protect the health and safety of the citizen to whom it owed an affirmative duty. Morse v. Lower Merion Sch. Dist., 132 F.3d 902, 907 (3rd Cir.1997). A "special relationship" exists only in circumstances where the plaintiff is essentially in the defendant's custody. Mark v. Borough of Hatboro, 51 F.3d 1137, 1150 (3d Cir.1995). There is no affirmative duty on the part of the state to protect individuals against invasion by other parties. The Supreme Court held that there was no denial of constitutional liberty under due process therefore dismissing liability of defendant social services to intervene in a case of child abuse. DeShaney v. Winnebago County Dept. of Social Services,
109 S.Ct. 998 (Wis. 1989).
2. D.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational and Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 (3rd Cir. 1991).
In D.R., the Third Circuit Court of Appeals refused to apply the special relationship theory. Students who were sexually abused by other students brought a § 1983 action against their school, school district, and individually named teachers and officials. The circuit court held that this was not a circumstance where the state held the students in custody against their will. The court considered the whether:
(1.) Parents decide whether their children will be educated in public schools;
(2.) Parents remain the primary caretakers of their children even when their children are at school;
(3.) The plaintiffs still resided in their respective homes and therefore had access to sources of assistance other than the state; and
(4.) The plaintiffs did not depend on the school or the state for the satisfaction of their basic human needs.
D.R., 109 F.3d at 1367.
3. State-Created Danger
In Kneipp v. Tedder, a court adopted a four-part test whereby liability may be imposed. Liability was grounded upon the state's affirmative acts that "work to plaintiffs' detriment in terms of exposure to danger." Kneipp v. Tedder, 95 F.3d 1199, 1211 (3rd Cir.1996). The test included that:
(1.) The harm ultimately caused was foreseeable and fairly direct;
(2.) The state actor acted in willful disregard for the safety of the plaintiff;
(3.) There existed some relationship between the state and the plaintiff; and
(4.) The state actors used their authority to create an opportunity that otherwise would not have existed for the third party's crime to occur. Id. at 1208.
Section 1983 liability under the state-created danger theory is predicated on a state's affirmative culpable acts that deprive plaintiff of a right protected by substantive due process. D.R., 972 F.2d at 1368. Courts consider whether the involved state actors affirmatively acted to create plaintiff's danger or to make her more vulnerable to such danger. Id. at 1373.
4. Policy, Practice or Custom
Under the color of state law following established custom, practice, and policy of the defendant must deprive the Plaintiffs of a right secured by the Constitution in violation of §1983. Such policies must also exhibit deliberate indifference to the constitutional rights affected by that policy, custom, or practice. Beck v. Pittsburgh, 89 F.3d 966, 972 (3d Cir.1996).
(a) Stevenson ex rel. Stevenson v. Martin County Board of Education, 243 F.3d 541 (Table)(N.C. 2001.)
Stevenson alleged that the county board of education violated his liberty interest in bodily integrity and his property interest in a public education when they allowed his classmates to physically assault him at school over a period of several weeks. The United States Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal of the federal claims finding that the district court did not abuse its discretion in declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the state law claims.
The court rejected all three § 1983 claims; first, that school officials deprived him of his interest in a public education because the continued attacks forced him to leave Williamston Middle School; second, that school officials deprived him of his bodily integrity by failing to stop the attacks by his fellow students; and third, that the Martin County Board of Education contributed to the violence by failing to develop safety plans and training its school personnel in how to respond to violent students. The Court stated that the "failure to protect by itself is not sufficient to trigger constitutional liability in this situation."
(b) Elliott V. New Miami Board Of Education, 799 F.Supp. 818 (S.D.Ohio 1992.)
A District Court dismissed a § 1983 claim in a case where a high school freshman was repeatedly harassed and assaulted at school. The school principal and teachers witnessed several attacks yet made no effort to stop the harassment.
The court held that the State of Ohio compelled Elliott to attend school, but did not restrict her freedom as in the case of prisoners or patients in mental institutions. The court noted that students return home at the end of the school day and are free to act as people in society, unlike prisoners and patients of mental institutions. The state is not the primary caretaker of school children as in the case of prisoners and patients of mental institutions, therefore there is no special relationship under § 1983.
The court held that since Elliott's classmates were operating as private actors when they committed the underlying acts and not the state of Ohio, the Court refused to impose liability on the school for its policies, customs, or practices.
(c) Murrell v. School District No. 1, Denver, Colorado, 186 F.3d 1238 (10th Cir. 1999)
Jones was a student born with spastic cerebral palsy who functioned at the level of a first-grader both intellectually and developmentally. When enrolled in school her mother informed the principal and special education teachers of her vulnerability to assault.
"John Doe," another special education student who had a history of disciplinary and behavioral problems, including sexually inappropriate conduct, sexually assaulted Ms. Jones on multiple occasions. Although teachers knew Jones had been battered and may have known she was sexually assaulted, they only informed Jones' mother of the non-sexual battery. Jones began exhibiting self-destructive and suicidal behavior, left school, and entered a psychiatric hospital.
The principal declined to investigate the incident and responded by suspending only Ms. Jones for "[b]ehavior that is detrimental to the welfare, safety, or morals of other pupils or school personnel." The District neither notified appropriate law enforcement officials nor disciplined Mr. Doe.
The court affirmed the district court's order dismissing the §1983 equal protection claim against the School District. The court held that the harassment was directed solely at Jones and did not demonstrate a custom or policy of the School District to be deliberately indifferent to sexual harassment as a general matter. See Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York, 436 US 691 (1978).
The court reversed the district court's order dismissing Ms. Murrell's Title IX claim, as well as its order dismissing Ms. Murrell's Section 1983 equal protection claim as to the individual defendants remanding it to the lower court. The court held that Murrell properly alleged that the principal and the teachers in their supervisory role over the students met the harassment with deliberate indifference, and because they were not entitled to qualified immunity.
E. Claims of Emotional Distress
Claims of emotional distress are usually supplementary to another claim. However in some circumstances they can be a claim unto themselves if the circumstances merit the cause of action.
1. Cavello v. Sherburne-Earlville Central School District, 494 N.Y.S.2d 466 (N.Y. 1985)
The Supreme Court, Appellate Division affirmed a lower court's dismissal holding that students could not recover for lost education and training due to school's negligence in supervising other students nor could parents recover damages for their emotional distress caused by negligent supervision of other students. However, when a school breaches its duty of supervising student activity it is liable for emotional harm even though physical harm is lacking.
A female student was "ceaselessly badgered" by another female student. The harassment included incidents of verbal abuse, foul language, death threats and the brandishing of a knife, these incidents lasted nearly a year. Her brother was subjected to similar but less severe harassment. The female student reported these incidents of harassment to school officials including counselors, the dean of students and the school superintendent.
The court concluded that the school has a duty to its students and "a breach of that duty resulting directly in emotional harm that is compensable even though physical harm is lacking " (Kennedy v. McKesson Co., 58 N.Y.2d 500 (N.Y. 1983) The court pointed to several cases indicating that a school district must adequately supervise student activities. (Wheeler v. Stevensville Hotel & Country Club, 479 N.Y.S.2d 792 (N.Y. 1984); Lauricella v. Board of Educ. of City of Buffalo, 52 A.D.2d 710 (N.Y. 1976); Cioffi v. Board of Educ. of City of N.Y., 278 N.Y.S.2d 249 (N.Y. 1967).
The court limited the scope of its decision stating that the school is not "an insurer of student safety", and is not liable in damages for a "foreseeable injury proximately related to the absence of supervision" citing Lauricella v. Board of Educ. of City of Buffalo, 381 N.Y.S.2d 566 (N.Y. 1976)
F. Miscellaneous Claims Against School Officials
In some cases a single official can be held personally liable for their actions or inactions. These scenarios usually contain particularly egregious set of circumstances where a one official made unacceptable errors. The probability of success of such claims and amount of damage awards usually is determined by how sympathetic a jury is to a victim.
1. Kendall, III, v. West Haven Department Of Education, 2000 WL 1827535 (Conn. Super., 2000)
The Superior Court of Connecticut found an assistant principal negligent in accordance with Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-465(a) for failing to protect the victim breaching a "certain duty of care" to protect students from dangers that may be reasonably anticipated.
A special education student was harassed and bullied by another student who informed his parents and school officials. The assistant principal was informed of the use of racial epithets, spitting and pushing but took no action and did not warn other school officials. Later the victim was attacked by the same student, fracturing his jaw and knocking out his two front teeth.
The court established that the assistant principal "did nothing" to prevent the harm yet had reason to anticipate future dangerous actions based on previous attacks. In fact, the official left work early on the day in question. The court held that the assistant principal had an affirmative duty to prevent further attacks and her inaction was not shielded by governmental immunity. She knew of "likely imminent harm to an identifiable person," and was therefore liable for negligence. The court awarded the parents more than $67,000 in damages.
2. O'Hare v. Colonial School District, 1999 WL 773506 (E.D. Pa. 1999).
A female student argued that her constitutional and statutory rights were violated when a male student repeatedly sexually assaulted her in a photography darkroom. The plaintiff alleged that the school did not implement and enforce a safety policy, further violating the student's constitutional and statutory rights.
The Court denied a Motion to Dismiss the § 1981 and § 1982 claims pointing to the liberal notice pleading requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a). The § 1981 claim was based upon the Plaintiff's right to 'full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property' in the right to access to free public education and a non-hostile environment. The § 1982 claim was based upon the right of all citizens of the United States to have same rights, in all States to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property.
What Do the Cases Teach Us?
Cases of bullying or harassment are governed by strict standards that require a claim to fulfill all of the revised elements. Courts seem unwilling to flexibly interpret these tests, and require the facts of the case to correspond accordingly. Unfortunately, in cases that do not exhibit a clear pattern of abuse but are equally damaging to the victim there is only minimal hope of remedy. Courts seem to look for a pattern of harassment as the basis for any claim. The exception to this trend might be the individual school official who is held liable for negligence and willful and wanton misconduct. However, the more rigorous standard makes such cases difficult to prove.
Generally schools should:
Have a written harassment policy that results in an effective and unbiased investigation of each and every allegation of harassment.
Ensure that reports are made to administrators who have the authority to make changes that maximize the safety of an alleged victim.
Ensure that administrator conduct capable of interpretation as "deliberately indifferent" is stopped immediately and that a "blame the victim" approach is not the rule in any building


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« Lavish Praise For Trade Fair's Star
He's Hurdling Ahead »
A 'Fair' Guineas
Trade Fair's Virtual Trader has quickly developed into a leading candidate for the Group 2 $350,000 WA Guineas (1600m) at Ascot on November 24.
Virtual Trader, prepared at Pinjarra by Brett Pope, started his campaign with a neck second to Antique Belle in the Westspeed 3Y0 Handicap (1200m) at the Belmont Park mid-week meeting on October 3.
He then won the Westspeed 3Y0 Handicap (1200m) at October 10's mid-week meeting before defying a 2kg weight rise and stronger opposition to take the Crown Perth Handicap (1400m) at Ascot on Saturday.
"He was third favourite behind Carryon Regardless and Passion Cantata but I thought he was the one to beat," said Pope. "I have been happy with him all the way along.
"The Trade Fair's are just tough stock. You work them, take them home and they eat.
"He's a big gross horse and should continue to tighten up. He's thriving.
"He has been leading but we were happy to ride him quite. We had him ridden cold in a trial and when a gap opened he really took it."
Virtual Trader is from Virtual, by Encosta de Lago, who descends from the In Reality mare, Cousin Bridget, one of the first mares the late Robert Holmes a Court bought in the United States.
Trade Fair stands at John Andrew's Alwyn Park Stud, Serpentine.
Lynward Park, Bullsbrook, who own a majority share in Trade Fair, received a further boost when Balmont Flyer, by resident stallion Balmont, won the Crown Plaza Championship (10 1/2 furlongs) at Dundalk in Ireland on Friday.
Balmont Flyer, ridden by Pat Smullen, surged to the lead 1 1/2 furlongs out and held on to win by a half length.
He's from Ballyhookeen Lass, a half-sister to Hong Kong Group 2 winner Muhim and to Ela's Gold, the dam of High Society, a Listed winner in the US and Ireland. High Society, in turn, is the dam of brilliant Society Rock, winner of the Group 1 Royal Ascot Golden Jubilee Stakes and Haydock Sprint Cup.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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THE Cagayan Electric Power and Light Co. (Cepalco) yesterday apologized for a citywide blackout that crippled the city on Wednesday night.
Marilyn Azarcon-Chavez, Cepalco manager for customer relations, said technical problems involving power lines in Villanueva town in Misamis Oriental, and Barangay Agusan, this city, resulted in the blackout.
Chavez said Cepalco's technical people said a line-to-ground fault, believed to have been caused by lightning that struck in Villanueva town, and a faulty power line in Barangay Agusan, this city, caused the blackout.
What Cepalco did was to use another power line to gradually restore the electric supply, she said.
The supply of electricity was disrupted at around 6:30 pm, affecting the Cepalco franchise area, including Tagoloan and Villanueva towns.
The blackout lasted for about 30 minutes in some western parts of the city. But in the eastern villages like Bugo, Agusan and Cugman, the blackout lasted for over five hours.
Chavez said Cepalco was about to restore the power supply in Puntod and its neighboring areas but a warehouse fire prevented it.
Meanwhile, Chavez said Cepalco is working to prevent a similar blackout from marring the May elections.


For a number of years, in the backyard of the University of Wisconsin – La Crosse Archaeology Center and Laboratories Building there was a luscious garden. Tiny as it may have appeared, every nook and cranny was full of ripening plants. Heirloom seeds and donated plants grew into bountiful lush plants. Several harvests provided much pleasure for the students and staff at MVAC. You may be wondering how does growing a garden relate to archaeology? Experimental archaeology can answer basic questions about the lifestyles and practices of the Oneota (1300-1625 AD) and Woodland (500BC- 1000 AD) peoples who lived in the La Crosse locality. Such questions include what kinds of tools were used and how effective these tools were, what methods of planting and harvesting work best, how much yield is possible and so on. Experimental archaeology creates hands-on activities that can't be found in textbooks. Through these experiences interpretations of the past can be made. The garden functioned as a unique learning tool for archaeologists and the public.
Click on one of the following links if you would like to hear Merlin Red Cloud Jr. talk about gardens.
The Native American Vegetable and Herb garden would not have been possible without contributions from Merlin Red Cloud Jr., a member of the Ho Chunk Nation, who took the time to share oral garden traditions with us and his vast knowledge of gardening. He helped by providing family heirloom seeds, continued to stop by and check on the garden and assisted with the harvest.
The garden would not be possible without funding. Grants from University of Wisconsin – La Crosse, College of Liberal Studies for Faculty Development and Summer Projects provided the funding necessary to work with Ho Chunk Historic Preservation and tribal members as well as develop the garden, web pages and displays in the UW-L Archaeology Center and Laboratories.
Every gardener must have the proper tools to get their garden prepared for planting and sowing and later for tending their crops. The MVAC gardeners used tools that cannot be bought in any store and include no metal. These tools were made as replicas of garden tools used by the Oneota. The Oneota lived in the Coulee Region from 1300 to 1625AD. Bison scapula hoes were made from the shoulder blade of a bison and attached with sinew to a wooden branch. A clamshell can also be tied in the same fashion to a stick. These types of hoes work just as well as metal hoes. Sections from deer antlers are also being used, and are extremely versatile for working on small sections of the garden.
Corn heap behind the car, unknown men.
The photographs are from and used with permission of the Ho Chunk Department of Heritage Preservation. The following images were selected for this web page because each image contains the theme of gardening. The images depict specific moments of food processing; from planting to harvesting, and some show how large a scale food production was.
Girls husking corn at the Neillsville Indian School.
Boys husking corn at the Neillsville Indian School.
Frank Lincoln's Mother removing cooked corn kernels from the cob.
The following bibliography provides the sources used in this garden project. We recommend these books for more information about traditional herb usage and Native American gardening.
1997 Brother Crow, Sister Corn: traditional American Indian gardening. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, CA.
1996 Native American gardening: stories, projects, and recipes for families. Fulcrum Pub., Golden, CO.
1987 Buffalo Bird Woman's garden: agriculture of the Hidatsa Indians. Minnesota Historical Society Press, St. Paul.
1974 How Indians use wild plants for food, medicine, and crafts. Dover, New York.
1997 Uses of plants by the Indians of the Missouri River region. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
1992 A handbook of Native American herbs. Shambhalia, Boston.
1984 Plants, People, and Paleoecology: Biotic Communities and Aboriginal Plant Usage in Illinois. Scientific Papers No. 20. Illinois State Museum, Springfield.
1998 Native American ethnobotany. Timber Press, Portland.


Our client Connect The Trade, based in the UK, is a portal committed to helping the Trade find the workers they need to complete their projects on time and without additional staffing fees.
Their main aim was to help employers cut out the middleman and chat directly with interested candidates, leading to big time and cost savings!
Our client wanted to tap the emerging market by creating a platform that connects skilled job seekers with the relevant employers. The construction industry in UK is giant and creating one reliable source for all professional needs is itself a challenge.
They wanted to build a portal and native mobile apps for the construction industry that provides a platform to tradesmen for showcasing their skills, find jobs and get paid. Companies should be able to post jobs and view tradesmen profile and communicate using in-app messaging.
Our client got in touch with us through Upwork in October 2015. They had a business idea and we had skills and implementation strength. Together we build an awesome recruitment app and website.
We were constantly in touch with them and have had frequent online and offline meetings to understand their exact requirement. We came up with wireframes and PSDs which were almost replica of their imaginations with added Solulab flavor.
The MVP was released in just TWO months, December 2015. And, a full-fledged functional website and app were launched in another four months, in April 2016.
Full-fledged storage capacity to handle massive master database.
In just TWO months,we came up with MVP and a full-fledged recruitment app and website was launched in April 2016.
At Solulab, we have helped solo-entrepreneurs, startups and small-mid size organizations to launch their business ideas with great success and less risk. We combine expertise and experience that results in client's satisfaction. Get in touch with us to figure out how soon you can convert your ideas into realities.


Pick a series of pictures in this animals in the city game. Choose pictures that represent you to find out what kind of animal you are at the end of the game. Try again tomorrow or try it everyday to see what animal you are each day. Choose carefully!


Faircookware offers you quality cookware for a fair price. We want to offer you the best quality cookware for the best price. Currently we are offering 3 different cast iron casseroles, a tajine and a bread bin. We are currently planning to extend our kitchenware with lots of other products.
If you have any questions or problems with your cookware, please let us know!
If you are also having any ideas for new products, let us know!


GeoCrete® is a mineral additive for neutralizing acids and metals in the soil and increasing the elasticity and compressive strength of cement.
GeoCrete is exclusively produced by Timab Industries. Magnesium in combination with other products for immobilisation and mineral mortars.
The production quality is guaranteed according to the ISO 9001 standard. GeoCrete is sold on the basis of Timab Magnesium General sales and conditions. Geocrete must be processed in accordance with our technical regulations, taking into account all safety aspects stated on the safety data sheet. Geocrete is a mineral product and therefore not harmful in normal use for the environment. Liability only applies for the quality of product and its delivery conditions. We emphasize on the importance of preliminary soils research by an accredited geotechnical office and also to the proper application of the product, according to the correct standards.
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Ford Motors recently opened its electric vehicle patent portfolio to competitors.
As for batteries, Ford's worldwide battery module patent portfolio grew by 65% from the first to second quarter in 2015. This was a 438% year over year increase!
Based on categorized patent data in the Advanced Battery & Capacitor PatentEdge, IP Checkups determined that Ford is a leader when it comes to state of charge innovation, with 27 new U.S. patent applications published in Q2 2015.
Below is a preview of recent published patent applications from Ford's battery patent portfolio as of Q2 2015. Access Ford's published advanced battery patent portfolio with a subscription to ABC PatentEdge.
Custom patent searches? Competitive patent landscape analysis? IP Checkups serves as a strategic patent resource that aligns your patent portfolio with business objectives.
Contact our team today to find out how IP Checkups can improve your company's patent strategy.
Are you a CalCharge member seeking an overview of recent patent activity in the advanced battery space?
Join IP Checkups and our partner, CalCharge, for a webinar on the state of battery IP on Wednesday, June 24, 2015. IP Checkups will present the latest on NPEs, trending areas for innovation, new entrants, leading innovators, and overall patent activity in advanced battery technology.
Also learn about the ABC PatentEdge, a proprietary software tool used to generate these insights.
Register for this exclusive CalCharge-only webinar here.
Questions? Send us a note. IP Checkups is happy to help!
BERKELEY, CA (November 18, 2014) – For the past 30 years, Panasonic has dominated the graphite anode patent landscape. Traditionally, LG Chem and Samsung have been among the top five graphite anode patent filers but have trailed behind Panasonic; however, within the past five years, these two competitors outpaced Panasonic's graphite anode patent application activity. As advanced battery innovations are expected to accelerate, how will you keep up with new patents and technologies?
IP Checkups has tracked more than 50 new entrants that have recently filed patent applications in graphite anodes. Find out who else is innovating in graphite anodes by downloading our free sample reports.
IP Checkups' expert analysts have developed four custom patent solutions based on data from ABC PatentEdge™.
IP Checkups' patent alerts are sent weekly so recipients have the latest battery innovations and know when competitors are on the move. Custom reports are updated on a quarterly basis and provide you with a quick and easy way to gain insight into high-level competitive intelligence issues related to patent ownership, patent filing activity, and competitive positioning.
Curious to see what these reports look like? You're in luck! Sample reports are available for free download. Find out more information at https://www.abcpatentedge.com or email us at info@ipcheckups.com.
The Competitor Innovation sample report displays patent activity from Samsung, LG Chem, Kureha, Sumitomo, and Panasonic in graphite anode technology through June 30, 2014. Please note that for your custom report you specify which competitors to monitor. Order your custom Competitor Innovation report and start tracking your competitors today!
ABC PatentEdge database is updated weekly. Below is a brief list of recent patents in graphite anodes assigned to one of the five sample competitors.
Additional patent data such as application numbers, filing dates, abstracts, regions, inventors, class codes, and current assignees are accessible with a subscription to ABC PatentEdge.
Contact IP Checkups for more information on our custom services and battery technology patent solutions.
Curious about recent advanced battery patent activity? Using patent data from ABC PatentEdge, we have developed The Advanced Battery Technology: Patent Update Report, that provides an up-to-date overview of worldwide patent activity in the battery industry through the end of Q2 2014.
Patent filings in the battery industry have increased at an average annual growth rate of 31% over the past decade.
Patent activity from the top five companies (Toyota, LG Chem, Panasonic, Samsung, and Bosch) account for less than 20% of the over 153,000 battery patents filed in the last decade.
Find out who else is filing battery-related patents and what technologies are on the rise in our free report.
Need an in-depth report in a particular battery sector? Contact us at 510.225.1162 or info@ipcheckups.com for custom reports and other patent solutions.
As consumers anxiously await the release of Apple's iPhone 6, innovators in the battery industry continue to develop new technologies for the next generation of smartphones. Two teams of scientists, from Nokia and Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), are working collaboratively to develop an energy-harvesting prototype that could charge mobile phones using sounds such as everyday background noise.
How is this possible? According to Nokia, the answer is through nanotechnology and zinc oxide. Crystalline zinc oxide is a piezoelectric material that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Scientists from the Nokia/QMUL team transformed zinc oxide into nanorods, suitable to coat almost any surface. When condensed or stretched, these nanorods generate high voltage. To produce a strong enough charge for a mobile device, electrical contacts are placed on both sides of the rods, which transform sound vibrations into energy and capture the charge.
While Nokia and Queen Mary University of London have been experimenting with zinc oxide, so have many others. According to our database, more than 100 zinc oxide battery patents have published in the U.S. in the last two months alone. A quick search for "zinc oxide" and "harvesting energy" revealed more than a dozen patent applications published within the last year focused on energy harvesting and mobile device charging methods.
After a brief search in the ABC PatentEdge, IP Checkups did not find a published patent application associated with this innovation assigned to Nokia and/or Queen Mary University of London. Our search did reveal European patent number EP2008317A1, "A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HARVESTING ENERGY FROM MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS", assigned to Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); however, this patent focuses primarily on electronics, not materials.
Will this experiment of using sound to create energy succeed in time for the next big Microsoft/Nokia phone release? Or will another company beat them to it? Follow ABC PatentEdge for the latest news and innovations in the battery industry.
The markets and materials sectors were key areas in battery innovation for the top patent filing companies between July 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014. Below are a handful of patents assigned to the top companies.
For complete access to all patents assigned to top companies, subscribe to the ABC PatentEdge database.
Below are a few patents by inventors who have led battery technology innovation with the most patent documents from July 1, 2013 – June 30, 2014.
For complete access to all patents by these inventors, subscribe to the ABC PatentEdge database.
More than 400 U.S. patent applications related to separators published between July 1, 2013 – June 30, 2014. Olefins and plastics were the primary focus of these companies' innovation, though LG Chem also appears to have a strong interest in cellulosic separators. LG Chem was the clear leader in separator patenting.
Below is a handful of patents that were added to LG Chem's portfolio last year. For complete access to all separator-related patents, subscribe to the ABC PatentEdge database.
Have questions? Contact us at info@ipcheckups.com. We're here to help!


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Home » General News » ST.KITTS-NEVIS GOVERNMENT COMMITS TO FERVENTLY PROTECT THE INTERESTS OF NATIONALS IN THE CREATION OF A GANJA INDUSTRY
ST.KITTS-NEVIS GOVERNMENT COMMITS TO FERVENTLY PROTECT THE INTERESTS OF NATIONALS IN THE CREATION OF A GANJA INDUSTRY
Posted on May 9, 2019 in General News // 0 Comments
BASSETERRE, St. Kitts, May, 09, 2019 (Press Unit in the Office of the Prime Minister) – The Team Unity-led Government of St. Kitts and Nevis has pledged to do all it can to ensure that Kittitians and Nevisians are in no way disadvantaged from the creation of a marijuana industry in the Federation.
Earlier today (Thursday, May 9), Prime Minister Dr. the Honourable Timothy Harris introduced and had read a first time the Cannabis Bill, 2019, in the National Assembly which, once successfully passed, will grant legislative approval for and regulate the use of cannabis for medicinal, religious and recreational purposes in St. Kitts and Nevis.
Prime Minister Harris indicated that in the not too distant future, St. Kitts and Nevis, the smallest country in the hemisphere, will provide a legal framework that represents a most modern and comprehensive response to the issues relating to the cultivation and use of marijuana.
The Cannabis Bill, 2019, will also be the foundation for the establishment of a licensing structure and complete tracking system for medicinal cannabis businesses—a financial and entrepreneurial opportunity Prime Minister Harris hopes nationals of St. Kitts and Nevis will seize.
"I wish to reaffirm today, Mr. Speaker, that non-nationals would not be permitted to secure advantages over nationals of our Federation as we set about to build out a marijuana industry," Dr. Harris stressed.
The prime minister noted that his Government was reliably informed that "certain international business predators and pirates, aided by unsavoury local elements," are positioning themselves to venture into plant cultivation, to the detriment of locals.
"We are told that some persons are assuring the foreign interests of preferential treatment to international plunderers, in return for underhanded funding for their ambitious pursuits. Misguided local operatives are promising land giveaways of up to 300 acres to their friends and associates," Dr. Harris affirmed.
Prime Minister Harris made it abundantly clear that the Government has not granted any license to anyone to import plants or seeds into the Federation and that his administration has not had any conversation with any foreigner about setting up businesses to trade in cannabis.
"I also advise our citizens to be watchful and wary of any of persons who are seeking to consort with international operatives to rob us of our patrimony," Prime Minister Harris said, while noting that his Team Unity Government will be vigilant on this issue and would utilise relevant statutes to secure the welfare of nationals.
Prime Minister Dr. the Hon. Timothy Harris with members of the Rastafarian community during a recent meeting at his Government Headquarters Office.


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STUDIES OF CHRONIC INTOXICATIONS ON ALBINO RATS IV. FLUORID, CHLORID AND CALCIUM (INCLUDING SODIUM FLUORID, SODIUM CHLORID, "PHOSPHATE ROCK," CALCIUM PHOSPHATE (PRECIPITATED) AND CALCIUM CARBONATE (PRECIPITATED)
TORALD SOLLMANN, O. H. SCHETTLER and N. C. WETZEL
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 1921, 17 (3) 197-225;
TORALD SOLLMANN
O. H. SCHETTLER
N. C. WETZEL
A. Sodium fluorid. This was administered to rats in their food, for continuous periods up to twenty-one weeks: followed in some cases by after-periods of unpoisoned food. The effects differ quantitatively according to the daily dosage.
Daily doses of 42 to 151 mgm. of NaF per kilogram of rats produced very marked retardation of growth, starting with the administration, and increasing with the dosage. The damage is persistent, i.e., if the administration of the drug is stopped, growth returns toward normal; but not sufficiently to make up materially in twelve weeks, the loss that occurred during the drug period.
The food-consumption is generally diminished, parallel to the growth. This is not due to distaste for the food; for except with the highest concentration, the rats did not discriminate against the poisoned food, when permitted equal access to unpoisoned food.
The highest of these fluorid doses (151 mgm.) is uniformly fatal within eleven weeks. Doses of 87 mgm. or smaller, for long periods, apparently are not fatal; for the mortality of the animals was small, no greater than that of control animals.
Daily doses of 15 to 20 mgm. of NaF per kilogram of rats produced after a time moderate but definite interference with the growth and food consumption. This effect may occur early, or be delayed for fifteen weeks. Recovery of normal weight on unpoisoned food is slow and imperfect.
Daily doses of 0.15 to 8 mgm. of NaF per kilogram of rats for nine weeks did not perceptively affect growth or food consumption
B. Sodium chlorid. Concentrations of NaCl equivalent to the highest concentrations of NaF, when added to the standard food, do not diminish the growth or food consumption. The latter indeed appears larger than usual; but this may be accidental.
C. "Phosphate rock." Fluorid in this form has approximately the same deleterious effects as corresponding doses in the form of NaF.
D and E. Calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate. In doses corresponding to those of "phosphate rock," these do not depress growth or appetite. Indeed, the food consumption was generally much better than usual; but this again might have been accidental.
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 1, 1921, 17 (3) 197-225;
CRV431 Decreases Liver Fibrosis and Tumor Development
Antagonism of Immunostimulatory CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotides by 4-Aminoquinolines and Other Weak Bases: Mechanistic Studies
Neuropeptide-Y Stimulation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases in Human Erythroleukemia Cells
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If you display a file on the screen and someone deletes the file, it also disappears from the screen. There are no ways to copy a backup file -- and there are no undelete utilities.
Whenever a character looks at a monitor, the image is so bright that it projects itself onto his/her face.


I know many of us are worn out after a contentious presidential election. But, I have a mission over the coming weeks. I want to help get my friends and neighbors inspired to get connected in their local politics, where their voice can make a tremendous difference.
We need you and your engagement.
Now, it's not unusual for me to mix in Roswell issues into the TAISPEAK podcast and blogs throughout the year, but they're usually with the principal, or football coach, police chief or mayor.
In the next 2 episodes, I sit down with two candidates that are running for city council in our upcoming special election on March 21st. In this episode, I'll speak with Shawn Wright and in my next episode, I'll speak with Marie Willsey. I hope to give you a little more insight into the candidates than you might get from just a yard sign, and hopefully help you become a more informed, engaged citizen.


Gayle S. Bieler is a Senior Statistician and founding Director of the Center for Data Science at RTI International. Ms. Bieler has been at RTI for more than 30 years, and her Center for Data Science is in its fifth year of successful operation. Under her leadership, CDS has grown to a multidisciplinary team of 22 data scientists, software developers, and visual designers who work on projects that address important national problems, improve local communities, and transform research. She is passionate about building and leading a vibrant data science team that solves complex problems across multiple research domains, that is a hub of innovation and collaboration, and a place where people can thrive and be at their natural best while doing meaningful work to improve the world. The most important things to her are 1) people and 2) impact, and in that order.
Ms. Bieler brings not only her knowledge of data science and its role in problem solving, but also three decades of organizational, project, and people management skills. Throughout her career, Ms. Bieler has led statistical projects and research initiatives in public health, the life sciences, and the social sciences. She is experienced in statistical analysis of complex data from designed experiments, observational studies, and software development for probability-based sample surveys and has led large, multiyear projects in the public and private sectors. She was the driving force behind SUDAAN®, RTI's commercial statistical software package designed for analysis of complex survey data, for over 20 years. In that role, she oversaw SUDAAN development, training, and documentation. She has several first-author statistical publications to her name and interacts directly with both government and commercial clients on her projects. She is currently engaged in a data coordinating center project that is exploring the predictors of cognitive decline in military members exposed to mild traumatic brain injury (concussions).
Ms. Bieler is a continuing advocate for applying data science to solving problems in our local communities and as a nation, not as a side interest but as the main thrust of our data science work and the reason for our Center's existence (see her blog post for datascience.com). Ms. Bieler is a continuing force behind RTI's recent work with the Durham Police Department on CFS Analytics (helping local law enforcement make better use of 911 data) and RTI-Star (a tool that leverages local law enforcement data to evaluate racial disproportionality in traffic stops), and with the Greensboro Police Department on improving the efficacy of their warrants system. CFS Analytics was featured in the White House's Data-Driven Justice Initiative in 2016. Ms. Bieler recently organized and chaired an invited session on Data Science for Social Good at the 2018 Joint Statistical Meetings in Vancouver, Canada.
Ms. Bieler earned her Master's and Bachelor's degrees in Mathematics, with a minor in Anthropology, from Boston University.


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Jerusalem Post Arab Israeli Conflict
Combating terror in Israel: A look at what's being done, and what needs to be done
HOW SHOULD we cope with the current wave of terror in Israel?
By BOAZ GANOR
Published: MAY 1, 2016 00:05
A child pays homage at the site in Jerusalem's Old City where Rabbi Nehemia Lavi and Aharon Banita were stabbed to death on October 3
(photo credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)
Many titles and nicknames have been given to the wave of terrorist attacks that Israel has faced since October 2015: third intifada, knife intifada, children's intifada, al-Aksa intifada, popular terrorism, knife terrorism, lone-wolf attacks and more. Journalists, commentators and terrorism pundits are all willing to swear that their definition is the one that correctly reflects the phenomenon.
Defining the phenomenon is not only a theoretical question of terminology.
Answering the following questions will not only help to correctly define the phenomenon, but will also enable the identification of the parameters required to deal with it effectively.
Are we dealing with an intifada or a wave of terror? Are the terrorists independent lone wolves or is it an organized phenomenon? Is the background for the attacks related to events at al-Aksa Mosque or are they the result of popular protests stemming from despair over the economic or national situation? In Israel, there has been a tendency for many years to describe terrorist attacks in escalating and frightening terms.
This trend is reflected in the media coverage of terrorist attacks and often gets a boost from the opposition, which uses terrorism as a comfortable cushion from which to attack the government (regardless of which party is in power).
In addition, every now and then, we are exposed to the media's determination that a terrorist attack or a wave of terror constitutes an "escalation." We have experienced so many escalations in recent decades that we seem to have already reached the summit of Mount Olympus. In any event, when the next wave of terror strikes, we will again be told that it is an escalation.
TERRORISM IS a dynamic phenomenon.
Both sides – terrorists and security officials – are constantly in a learning competition, processing and internalizing the enemy's methods of operation.
They try to pinpoint the enemy's "underbelly" and match it with effective methods. Therefore, not every change in terrorism's modus operandi constitutes an escalation. The fervor surrounding the wave of terror only serves the interests of the terrorists, who want to maximize the resonance of their attacks and increase anxiety.
The wave of terror that Israel has been facing in recent months is not, and has never been, an "intifada." An intifada is a popular uprising. The first intifada, which began at the end of 1987, included demonstrations and violent incidents in which tens of thousands of Palestinians participated throughout the territories. The second intifada, which began in 2000, was also a mass uprising, but unlike the first one, it was armed with firearms, and Palestinian terrorist organizations joined the masses in carrying out a series of major terrorist attacks.
The phenomenon that Israel is currently facing is a severe wave of terrorist attacks, a wave with clear characteristics that differ from previous waves of terror that mainly consists of cold-weapon attacks – stabbings, vehicular attacks and, recently, even small-arms fire. The number of people taking part is small compared with the number of Palestinians who took part in the intifadas.
Fewer than 300 terrorists have taken part in the current wave of terror, not thousands or tens of thousands. This is not to downplay the severity of the current wave or the challenge it presents to security agencies and Israeli society, but we should not ascribe to it apocalyptic dimensions.
With all of the deep grief and pain felt for the victims of the current wave, their number is very small compared to previous waves of terror, such as the suicide attacks during 1992-1994 (which, incidentally, were not called an intifada).
The total number of victims from the past six months is lower than the number of victims from one or two suicide attacks in the 1990s or 2000s.(It is important to reemphasize that these arguments do not indicate a disregard for the severity of the current wave of terror or a willingness to tolerate it. On the contrary. However, if we do not succeed in correctly defining and distinguishing the characteristics and dimensions of the current phenomenon, we will not know how to cope with it effectively.) From the moment that we defined the terrorist attacks of the past six months as a wave of terror, several important questions derived from this definition have required answers:
• Is this wave initiated by terrorist organizations or is it an authentic phenomenon without the operative involvement of terrorist organizations?
• Are these terrorist attacks the result of a top-down or bottom-up approach?
• Is the background to the eruption and continuation of this wave religious tension surrounding al-Aksa Mosque; despair stemming from an economic, social or generational crisis in Palestinian society; a lack of governability; or personal circumstances that are channeled into violence and terror?
• Are these terrorist attacks the result of a rational decision by the terrorists or an uncontrollable emotional outburst?
• To what extent is it an authentic process unique to Palestinian society, or are the events in Israel related to the global wave of lone-wolf terrorist attacks influenced by the "Arab Spring" and Islamic State? Israel's security agencies and decision makers must provide an answer to these questions and determine accordingly the most effective means of prevention as well as the operational steps necessary to deal with the phenomenon.
IN GENERAL, one must distinguish between two types of terrorist attacks – "self-initiated" or "locally initiated" attacks, and "organized" attacks. This distinction concerns the involvement of terrorist organizations in the initiation, planning, preparation and execution of the attacks.
An organized attack is an attack that is operationally organized by a terrorist organization. The results of these attacks are usually more severe and fatal than terrorist attacks carried out without organizational operational involvement.
A self-initiated attack is carried out by a lone wolf. The initiative and planning begin and end in the mind of a single person who underwent a process of radicalization and decided to carry out an attack independently and alone. A locally initiated attack is carried out by a small group (two or three) of terrorists.
The groups can be made up of siblings, couples, relatives or friends who agree that they want to carry out an attack together.
The number of casualties in self-initiated or locally initiated attacks is usually smaller than in organized attacks. The level of planning is low. Most are carried out using cold or improvised weapons, and the number of victims is limited.
Self-initiated attacks are likely to be inspired or incited by a terrorist organization but the organization is not operationally involved in their execution.
In certain cases, the terrorists might see themselves as agents of the terrorist organization with which they identify (such as Hamas or Islamic State), but they are not members. They did not undergo basic training and they did not receive assistance from the organization in carrying out the attack.
Sometimes, lone wolves who carry out self-initiated attacks openly, and sometimes defiantly, distinguish themselves from terrorist organizations and stress their independence. For instance, Baha Alyan, who carried out a terrorist attack in Jerusalem in October 2015, wrote on his Facebook page: "I call on organizations not to claim responsibility for my martyrdom. My death is for the homeland, not for you."
In the current wave of terror, we are dealing with self-initiated and locally initiated attacks. The term "lone wolf" is too narrow to include the characteristics of the phenomenon, as is the term "attacks of the individuals." "Knife intifada" and "popular terror" are too wide and broaden the scope of the phenomenon.
There are those who try to point to a direct or indirect connection between the terrorists in the current wave of terror and terrorist organizations led by Hamas. They link the attacks to the targeted incitement of organizations that mainly call on Palestinian youth to carry out attacks.
Indeed, in many cases, terrorist organizations do try to "ride the tiger" and ascribe these attacks to themselves.
They use the media outlets at their disposal to publish instructions on how to prepare and carry out an effective attack (what type of weapon to choose, how to turn it into a more deadly weapon, what modus operandi to adopt, etc.). However, this alone does not turn self-initiated or locally initiated attacks into organizational attacks. Similarly, expressions of support or sympathy by the terrorist for a particular terrorist organization is not enough to support the assumption that the terrorist is operating as an emissary of that organization.
WHAT ARE the motives behind the execution of these attacks, and are they the result of a rational decision by the terrorists or an uncontrollable emotional outburst? Despite the diversity among the terrorists in the current wave – men, women and children who come from different areas and use different methods of attack (mostly stabbings) – it is still possible to isolate the characteristics unique to the current wave that distinguish it from previous waves.
The first characteristic is, as previously stated, the nature of the attacks as self-initiated or locally initiated, and not organizational. Another characteristic is the young age of the terrorists, including many children. Also, a significant number of the terrorists express their desire and intention to carry out an attack via social media.
In some cases, the decision to carry out an attack stems from a traumatic personal or familial event, for example a relative who was killed in an attack or a family feud. Sometimes the attack is carried out to show solidarity with a role model (a previous terrorist) or in revenge for a humiliation suffered – disrespect shown to the terrorist himself or to a relative or acquaintance – or comes against the backdrop of events that were perceived as national or religious degradation (for instance, an offense against al-Aksa Mosque).
The explosive material at the base of these triggers is composed of a deep hatred of Israel; personal and social frustration; despair over the national and economic situation; or a generational crisis (a blow to parental authority in general, or to the father's authority in particular).
All of these are channeled at a particular moment and under the influence of deliberate and prolonged incitement into an act considered by the terrorists themselves and many members of Palestinian, Arab and Muslim society to be an admirable expression of altruism, patriotism and religious devotion.
In most cases, it is not a momentary whim or crazy emotional outburst, but rather an informed personal or group decision to carry out an attack that crystallizes over time. In many cases, the decision is the result of subjective cost-benefit considerations. In other cases, it is a response to an urge for adventure wrapped in an attractive cloak of altruism and patriotism.
The terrorists are not necessarily different from young Muslims in the West who undergo a process of radicalization and decide to join a group of foreign fighters in conflict zones or carry out self-initiated or locally initiated terrorist attacks in their own country (such as the couple Syed Farook and Tashfeen Malik, who carried out the terrorist attack in San Bernardino, California, in 2015).
This phenomenon, which is referred to as "homegrown terrorism" in Europe and Western countries, is essentially a combination of self-initiated and locally initiated attacks inspired by ISIS. It is a growing wave that currently threatens the entire world. The wave of terrorist attacks in Israel does not fundamentally differ from the global trend, though its intensity is greater and it is motivated by, among other things, Palestinian nationalism.
HOW SHOULD we cope with the current wave of terror in Israel? Doing so requires preventive measures to drain the murky swamp from which extremism, violence and terrorism grow; thwarting measures, which are aimed at foiling terrorist attacks before they are carried out; and operative measures designed to bring terrorist attacks to an end quickly and minimize their damage.
• Preventive measures – The current wave of terror is the spoiled fruit of continuous incitement by Palestinian terrorist organizations, Palestinian Authority officials and parties external to the Palestinian arena. The political stagnation is a comfortable cushion for the increased national, social and economic despair among Palestinian society, as well as a sense of lack of origin. All of this gets channeled into the release of feelings of hate and revenge through terrorist attacks.
Israel's policies have the ability to influence these processes by creating a political horizon and hope, undertaking economic reforms and building frameworks of cooperation with various elements in Palestinian society and the Palestinian Authority. Israel cannot actually stop Palestinian incitement by terrorist organizations or by the PA itself; it needs Palestinian partners who will operate within Palestinian society out of desire and conviction rather than coercion.
Once the wave of terror turns into an intifada, which "infects" new terrorists via social networks, it will no longer be possible to stop it through the prevention of institutionalized incitement. It will require intensive counteraction by opinion shapers in the Palestinian arena to undermine incitement to terrorism – a type of deliberate and planned counterincitement.
Given the murky relationship that exists between the Israeli and Palestinian leadership, we cannot expect that this process will actually take place. The Israeli government is not sympathetic to the preventive steps needed to dry the swamp of Palestinian terrorism, and Israeli society cannot agree to economic reforms or policies toward the Palestinians when there are terrorist attacks on a daily basis. From the Palestinian perspective, PA President Mahmoud Abbas's leadership crisis, as well as the absence of heirs or alternative, moderate leaders with political power and public legitimacy, also make it difficult to implement the necessary steps to prevent the current wave of terror.
Even if Palestinian decision-makers understand that these attacks carry no benefit, and that the damage they cause to Palestinian society and the Palestinian national interest is greater than their worth, they will not risk taking this message to their people.
• Thwarting measures – In the absence of preventive measures, Israel has no choice but to rely on thwarting measures.
However, while Israeli security agencies, led by the Shin Bet, have already proved their strong effectiveness in thwarting organized terrorist attacks, this ability is cast in doubt when it comes to facing the current wave of terror.
Accurate and timely intelligence has always been a central component of Israel's ability to thwart terrorist attacks.
Security agencies have managed to thwart terrorist attacks through the intelligence penetration of terrorist organizations by using HUMINT (human intelligence) or COMINT (communications intelligence). In self-initiated or locally initiated terrorist attacks, these intelligence capabilities become less relevant. When there are no confidants in the planning or execution of the attack, the ability of intelligence agencies to warn of an intended attack is very low.
Nevertheless, an analysis of the characteristics defining the current wave of attacks reveals that HUMINT and COMINT can be replaced by OSINT (opensource intelligence) or SOCMINT (social media intelligence).
A significant number of young terrorists express their intention to carry out an attack on social networks hours or days before the attack itself. For instance, Fadi Alloun, who carried out a stabbing attack in Jerusalem in October 2015, wrote on Facebook: "In the name of Allah, I have decided today to carry out martyrdom and victory for Allah...." Shorouq Dwayyat, the 18-year-old who carried out an attack in Jerusalem in the same month, wrote to her mother: "Don't cry about me when I become a martyr."
The development of advanced technology for data processing based on big data, combined with the development of a new military doctrine that will enable the rapid use of open-source intelligence to arrest suspects before they carry out their plans, could meet this need.
Israel's thwarting efforts are focused on deterrence (demolishing homes, expelling families, denying work permits, etc.). In certain cases, these steps can be effective in achieving the desired goal, but in other cases they might only serve to strengthen the terrorists' support base.
Israel might improve its thwarting efforts if it can find a way to enlist the help of a potential terrorist's inner circle – parents, relatives and even friends – to locate him early and neutralize him. The way to achieve this goal would likely require the use of carrots, not only sticks.
• Operational measures – Israel has already taken numerous operative measures to treat and reduce the damage caused by terrorist attacks, including easing licensing for weapons: increasing deployment of police officers in areas prone to calamity: imposing restrictions on Palestinian movement and employment in Israel: and enforcing stricter penalties on employers of illegal workers.
It seems that these measures have met with limited success, but they have not brought the wave of terror to an end or even reduced it. Israel can take additional operative measures. One is to relaunch the Civil Guard in the format of the late 1970s as a means of counterterrorism. In this framework, many civilians would be recruited to the ranks to carry out armed patrols in their neighborhoods in a type of district policing that uses volunteers who undergo training designed for this mission.
These volunteers would multiply the police force and be deployed throughout the country.
It is reasonable to assume that this step would not bring an end to the current wave of terror, but it could be very effective in dealing with self-initiated and locally initiated terrorist attacks.
The new civil guard would strengthen the deterrence effect, enable rapid and professional intervention in the event of an attack, and, most importantly, increase the public's sense of security and reduce its anxiety.
Prof. Boaz Ganor is dean and the Ronald Lauder Chair in Counter-Terrorism at the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy, and founder and executive director of the International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT) at the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya.
Tags life in israel


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Steve Hackett talks 'Genesis Revisited,' longevity and new music Special
By Markos Papadatos Sep 30, 2019 in Music
Rock and Roll Hall of Famer Steve Hackett (of Genesis fame) chatted with Digital Journal about his "Genesis Revisited" Tour and his upcoming live collection. He spoke about the key to longevity in the music industry and being an artist in the digital age.
He rose to global fame in the '70s as the lead guitarist of the progressive rock group Genesis, in particular from 1971 until 1977.
On September 25, Hackett and his band played the historic Beacon Theatre in New York City, and their show earned a rave review from Digital Journal. "It was wonderful to play the Beacon. That was the third time I've played it in my career," he said. "I played there once in 1976 in Genesis, and now on my own, with my band."
Hackett listed his At the Edge of Light album as one of his three personal favorite CDs that he has ever done. "It is all strong material," he said.
He acknowledged that his songwriting is inspired by "everything." "I hear the music in my head. I don't like to force anything. It gives the music a natural quality to it," he said. "If you try and push it too much, it doesn't really work."
On being an artist in this digital age, Hackett said, "It means that things are more malleable. We don't have to worry about the signal-to-noise ratio."
In 2010, Hackett was inducted into the prestigious Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in its "Performers" category as a member of Genesis. "That was wonderful," he said. "As I got inducted, I recommended to journalists that Yes should be inducted since there are not too many progressive bands in there. Fortunately, Yes did get in years later in 2017, but that was after the passing of Chris Squire, who was a pal of mine."
On his dream collaboration choices, he responded, "I am always thinking about that. It's an ongoing thing. You never know who makes the call."
Regarding the key to longevity in the music business, he said, "I have been making music since 1952. I have good genes in the family, my mother's side of the family, the Jewish side of the family. I have an uncle who lived until the age of 108. Longevity is part passion, part luck and part accident of birth."
For young and aspiring singer-songwriters and bands, he said, " There is no secret formula. Not giving up is the only thing I can suggest. As long as you are working, you need to believe in what you do and you need to be tenacious. Don't let anyone talk you out of it. There is plenty of discouragement out there. Only listen to what is positive."
On the title of the current chapter of his life, Hackett said, "Life is wonderful." "That would be it. I am doing the best American tour now that I've ever done. The response was been just phenomenal. It is great to take people back in time. I thank them for then and I thank them for now," he said.
Hackett noted that he worked with Colin Blunstone of The Zombies in the first volume of Genesis Revisited, where he sang on "For Absent Friends." "The Zombies are a classic band with, of course, great songs. It is great that they are touring together," he said. "It is marvelous that they got in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame this year. It is such a great American institution."
He defined the word success as meaning "different things at different times in your life." "Success is always not giving up, I think. As you throw in the towel, that's it. Nobody still loses while they are working on it," he said.
Genesis Revisited Band & Orchestra: Live is going to be released on October 25 via InsideOutMusic. It is available for pre-order on Apple Music. "It's live with orchestra and band. It was recorded live at the Royal Festival Hall in London," he said. "I love working with orchestras and the band. They were fantastic and they played with such precision, it was unbelievable. It is mainly revisited material, mainly Genesis but there are some of my songs in there as well. It sounds wonderful and I think people will like it a lot."
To learn more about veteran rock star Steve Hackett and his tour dates, check out his official website.
More about steve hackett, Genesis, Rock and roll hall of fame, Revisited, beacon theatre
steve hackett Genesis Rock and roll hall o... Revisited beacon theatre New york


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» Main News
The list of Shares to be removed from the Exchange's List of stocks (17.08.2016)
According to the law of Ukraine "About making alteration to some legislative acts of Ukraine in relation to the protection of rights for investors" (on April, 7, 2015 N 289-VIII) some common (public) companies have made a decision to become private corporations.
"Ukrainian Exchange" according to the Article 24 law of Ukraine "About joint-stock companies" (on September, 17, 2008 N 514 – VI) obliged to remove them from the Exchange's List of stocks.
Currently there is information about the following companies:
EDRPOU Code
Securities type
TODK
Todak, PJSC
Common shares
UA4000095780
On August 17, 2016 this company will be removed from the Exchange's List of stocks. August 16, 2016 is the last day for trading and settlements with shares from this list.
For further information, please contact the Public Relations Department at (044) 495-7474.
13.12.16 The list of Shares to be removed from the Exchange's List of stocks (16.12.2016)
02.12.16 Decision of the Index Committee
02.12.16 Reducing the level of initial margin on the derivatives market
15.09.16 Final Settlement Prices for UX Futures Contracts
01.08.16 The list of Shares to be removed from the Exchange's List of stocks


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Christopher "Chris" Charles Eric Woods (Swineshead, Inglaterra, 14 de noviembre de 1959) es un exfutbolista inglés, se desempeñaba como guardameta. Actualmente es el entrenador de porteros del Manchester United FC y la selección de fútbol de Estados Unidos.

Carrera internacional

Debutando en 1985 con la selección de fútbol de Inglaterra, Woods se vio a la sombra del legendario Peter Shilton hasta la retirada de este de la selección, asumiendo Woods la titularidad a principios de los 90 y en la Eurocopa 1992. Disputaría su último partido en 1993.

Clubes

Palmarés

Nottingham Forest FC

 Copa de la Liga de Inglaterra: 1978
 FA Community Shield: 1978
 Copa de Europa: 1979
 Supercopa de Europa: 1979

Norwich City FC

 Copa de la Liga de Inglaterra: 1985

Rangers FC

 Premier League de Escocia: 1986-87, 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91
 Copa de la Liga de Escocia: 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991

Futbolistas del Nottingham Forest Football Club
Futbolistas del Queens Park Rangers Football Club
Futbolistas del Norwich City Football Club
Futbolistas del Rangers Football Club
Futbolistas del Sheffield Wednesday Football Club
Futbolistas del Reading Football Club
Futbolistas del Colorado Rapids
Futbolistas del Southampton Football Club
Futbolistas del Sunderland Association Football Club
Futbolistas del Burnley Football Club
Futbolistas de Inglaterra en la Copa Mundial de 1986
Futbolistas de Inglaterra en la Eurocopa 1988
Futbolistas de Inglaterra en la Copa Mundial de 1990
Futbolistas de Inglaterra en la Eurocopa 1992
Entrenadores de fútbol de Inglaterra
Guardametas de fútbol

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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All Hail the Queen, Beyonce
Next Hulu New Releases, June 2019: What's Coming & Going
Previous LOOK: Conor McGregor Injured Left Hand From Training too Hard
Beyonce — born Beyoncé Giselle Knowles on September 4, 1981, in Houston, Texas, — is an American singer, songwriter, and actress who is one of the most popular and recognizable women in the world.
Beyonce first broke onto the national stage in the late 1990's as part of the pop music trio Destiny's Child. After year's of chart-topping success with Destiny's Child, Beyonce embarked on a solo career.
In the year 2002, Beyonce made her feature film debut when she starred in Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002), and the following year, in 2003, she released her first studio album, Dangerously in Love.
Since launching her solo music career, Beyonce has released six studio albums: Dangerously in Love in 2003, B'Day in 2006, I Am… Sasha Fierce in 2008, 4 in 2011, Beyoncé in 2013, and Lemonade in 2016.
In addition to Austin Powers in Goldmember, Beyonce has starred in The Fighting Temptations, Face to Black, The Pink Panther, Dreamgirls, Cadillac Records, Obsessed, and Epic. In 2019, Beyonce will star as Nala in the Disney remake of The Lion King.
On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé married legendary New York City rapper Jay-Z. Together, the pair have sold over 300 million records worldwide.
A post shared by Beyoncé (@beyonce) on Apr 26, 2019 at 8:56am PDT
A post shared by Beyoncé (@beyonce) on Feb 15, 2019 at 10:18pm PST
A post shared by Beyoncé (@beyonce) on Feb 14, 2019 at 4:19pm PST
I hope y'all had a Valentine's Day full of love!
A post shared by Beyoncé (@beyonce) on Dec 9, 2018 at 11:47am PST
A post shared by Beyoncé (@beyonce) on Oct 10, 2018 at 11:32am PDT
Thank you to the Brits for the award for Best International Group. I won this award back in 2002 with my besties, Kelly and Michelle. How lucky am I to have been in a group with my other best friend, the GOAT Hova. In honor of Black History Month, we bow down to one of our Melanated Monas. Congrats on your pregnancy! We wish you so much joy.
Following her transition to a full-time music career, Beyonce has since gone on to become one of the biggest pop stars in the world. With over 127 million followers on Instagram, Beyonce is the eighth most-followed person on the social media platform, trailing only Instagram itself (301 million followers), Portuguese soccer star Cristiano Ronaldo (168 million followers), Ariana Grande (155 million), Selena Gomez (150 million), The Rock (140 million), Kim Kardashian (139 million), and Kylie Jenner (136 million).
And since you're here and have spent all this time tracking down her best and hottest photos, make sure to follow Beyonce on Instagram — where she currently has over 127 million followers — to keep up with all of her latest and greatest IG heat.
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Q: How to insert datetime like (2019-03-01 24:30:15) from excel file in database while inserting using PHPEXCEL I'm using xampp server and trying to insert data of large excel file with PHPEXCEL. but it store only date not time like(2019-03-01 00:00:00).
This is the link where I found this code.
$datetime= mysqli_real_escape_string($connect, $worksheet->getCellByColumnAndRow(0, $row)->getValue());

$email= mysqli_real_escape_string($connect, $worksheet->getCellByColumnAndRow(1, $row)->getValue());

$query = "INSERT INTO test(datetime,email) VALUES ('".$datetime."', '".$email."')";

How do I solve the problem?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


2010 - 9th European Geoparks Conference held in the Lesvos Petrified Forest Geopark on the Greek island of Lesvos.
2007 – 7th European Geoparks Conference held in the Northwest Highlands Geopark, Scotland UK.
2005 - 6th European Geoparks Conference held in the Lesvos Petrified Forest Geopark on the Greek island of Lesvos.
2004 – 5th European Geoparks Conference held in Madonie Geopark in Sicily Italy.
2003 – 4th European Geoparks Conference held in Psiloritis Geopark on the Greek island of Crete.
2001 – 2nd European Geoparks Conference held in the Lesvos Petrified Forest Geopark on the Greek island of Lesvos.


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Q: How to save my image data to a specific formats when developing a Maya Plugin? I'm writing a plug-in for Maya by which I want to let user render the scene by some algorithms and output some maps(diffuse map, normal map and light map) to a specific file in a specific format. Of course, I've done generating the related texture data in the algorithms, but now I'm stuck on how to turn them into images. I need my image data support PNG, OpenEXR, DDS, and TGA. What I know for now is that there is a API Class MImage which could do the similar task, yet none of above is supported except TGA.
How can I achieve this?

A: Thanks joojaa. After some delving I found actually MImage does support most LDR formats, such as png, dds, tga and tif. But it still got no way to handle openEXR. So for exr I decide to customize my implementations. Indeed I shouldn't rely on MImage too much !