Brett White has served as Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Cushman & Wakefield since 2015. Prior to joining Cushman & Wakefield, Brett had a 28-year career with CBRE, serving as Chief Executive Officer from 2005 to 2012 and President from 2001 to 2005. He was also a member of CBRE's Board of Directors from 1998 to 2013.
He currently serves as a member of the board of directors of Edison International and Southern California Edison. He also served as a trustee of the University of San Francisco and as a member of the board of directors for Ares Commercial Real Estate Corporation (ACRE), Realogy Holdings Corporation and Mossimo, Inc. Brett holds a B.A. in Biology from the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Duncan Palmer joined the firm as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in 2014. Prior to joining Cushman & Wakefield, Duncan served as Group Finance Director of RELX Group plc, a leading provider of professional information solutions to the science, medical, legal, risk management and business-to-business sectors and its parent companies.
Prior to his role at RELX, Duncan was the Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of Owens Corning, Inc., which markets building materials and composite systems. Duncan previously spent 20 years with Royal Dutch/Shell Group, where he held positions of increasing responsibility in the U.K., the Netherlands and the U.S., including Vice President, Upstream Commercial Finance, for Shell International Exploration and Production BV and Vice President, Finance, Global Lubricants, for the Royal Dutch Shell Group of Companies.
Duncan has served on the board of directors of Oshkosh Corporation since 2011. He holds an M.A. from Cambridge University and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business. He is a Fellow of the (U.K.) Chartered Institute of Management Accountants.
Based in Chicago, General Counsel Brett Soloway oversees Cushman & Wakefield's global legal matters and has served in such capacity since 2014. Brett plays a critical role in developing and implementing governance and risk management practices for the company. He is responsible for developing and leading corporate legal strategy and providing counsel on a wide range of areas, including regulatory compliance, transactions, risk management, employment law and litigation.
Prior to joining Cushman & Wakefield, Brett led a team for The Home Depot, Inc. that was responsible for all legal matters relating to new store and distribution center development, operations, and property management activities in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, China and India. Earlier in his career, Brett served as Vice President and General Counsel for Red Seal Development, Inc., and practiced law at Kirkland & Ellis and Rudnick & Wolfe. He received a B.A. in Political Science from the University of Michigan and a J.D. from the University of Illinois.
Adam Stanley provides strategic and operational direction for Cushman & Wakefield's client facing and colleague technology systems and infrastructure across all business lines and markets. As Global CIO and Chief Digital Officer, and a member of the Global Managing Board, he advocates for the best solutions for the best clients, supported by the best talent.
Drawing on his more than 20 years of industry experience, Adam is a change agent with proven success driving growth, performance, talent retention and innovation. Under Adam's leadership, Cushman & Wakefield (formerly DTZ) was named to the CIO100 for 2018, 2016 and 2015 by CIO Magazine. Adam has also been honored as one of Chicago Tech 50, Infoworld Premier 100 Leader, Huffington Post's Most Social CIOs, and the InfoWorld CTO 25.
Prior to joining the firm, Adam served as Technology and Security Services Director for Aviva PLC, a FTSE 100 and Fortune 500 insurer and asset manager and the world's sixth largest insurer. Adam's numerous global and U.S. leadership roles have also included serving as the Global Chief Technology Officer of Aon, a global provider of risk management, insurance, and reinsurance brokerage. He spent nearly 10 years with Deloitte Consulting.
Adam is active in the startup PropTech community and serves as mentor or advisor to multiple accelerators while serving on the Board of Directors of CEC/1871, one of America's top incubators. He is deeply involved in the civic and charitable community and in addition to Board roles, provides pro-bono technology, operations, and organizational strategy advisory services to non-profit organizations.
As Cushman & Wakefield's Chief Executive Officer, EMEA, Colin Wilson is responsible for strategic growth in the EMEA region. Prior to this role, Colin was Head of UK & Ireland and has served on the European Executive Committee since 2015.
Colin joined DTZ (now Cushman & Wakefield) in 1996 and was appointed a Director in 1998. Active in the Central London investment market since 1988, he has advised major investors and developers on some of the UK capital's most iconic schemes.
Colin also ran the Central London investment team from 2002 to 2012 and was National Coordinator for Investment Agency between 2004 and 2009. He served on the UK Board between 2005 and 2008 before his appointment as Head of UK & Ireland in February 2012.
A member of the RICS Governing Council between 2013 and 2017, he also launched Inspire, Cushman & Wakefield's UK diversity and inclusion initiative, in 2016.
Steve Quick, Chief Executive of Global Occupier Services (GOS), joined Cushman & Wakefield in 2013 with nearly 25 years of industry leadership experience. Steve oversees the company's global platform for occupier clients including major corporations, institutions and governmental agencies.
Steve is responsible for core Cushman & Wakefield service lines through GOS, including portfolio planning, transactions and project and facility management for many of the world's leading corporations. The former Executive Managing Director of Global Corporate Services at CBRE, Steve has also held executive positions at Johnson Controls Global Workplace Solutions, where he was VP and General Manager of EMEA GWS operations.
A licensed CPA, Steve earned his MBA in Finance and Management from the University of South Florida and his Bachelor of Science in Accounting and Business at Illinois State University. He serves on the CoreNet Global Board of Directors and is the CoreNet Global Treasurer. He is a longstanding member of the AICPA.
Bill Knightly brings nearly 20 years of global finance expertise to Cushman & Wakefield as EVP of Investor Relations and Treasurer. Bill joined Cushman & Wakefield in 2015 as Global Head of FP&A. During his tenure, he has also held interim roles as Global Controller and CFO of the Americas. Bill was instrumental in creating value during the firm's merger; he helped build the global finance function and executed several debt capital markets transactions.
Previously, Bill spent 13 years at General Electric, where he lead Global FP&A and Global Commercial Finance for GE Transportation. He spent six years with the GE Audit Staff gaining global experience in multiple industries throughout Latin America, Europe and Asia. He's also a graduate of GE's Financial Management Program. Immediately prior to joining Cushman & Wakefield, Bill worked for TPG Capital as an Operations Executive, partnering with portfolio company management teams to drive value creation.
Bill holds a bachelor's degree in accounting from Hartwick College. He currently serves on the Board of Directors for the Boys & Girls Clubs of Chicago and was recently named a class of 2019 fellow for the Leadership Greater Chicago program.
Carlo Barel di Sant'Albano is Cushman & Wakefield's Chief Executive, Global Capital Markets & Investor Services. Based in the US, he is responsible for driving all Capital Markets and Investor Services business and client activities in the US and globally.
Prior to joining Cushman & Wakefield in 2011, Carlo served as Chief Executive Officer of EXOR, based in Turin, Italy. EXOR is one of the leading European investment firms, majority-owned by the Agnelli family, and has a Net Asset Value in excess of US$15 billion.
In 1987, Carlo received a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations at Brown University (Providence, Rhode Island) and subsequently, in 1992, completed his graduate studies at Harvard Business School (Cambridge, Massachusetts) where he earned an MBA.
Carlo has served on several boards, including EXOR (Italy), SGS S.A. (Switzerland), Juventus F.C. (Italy), Fiat S.p.A. (Italy) and Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli (Italy).
Cushman & Wakefield's President John Forrester provides direct operational and managerial oversight of the firm's three global regions, Americas, APAC, and EMEA as well as our Capital Markets, Occupier Services and Investment Management business lines. John is a recent Past President of the British Council for Offices.
Prior to becoming Global President, John was Chief Executive, EMEA, a role he previously held at DTZ before the merger with Cushman & Wakefield. Previously, John was Group Chief Executive of DTZ Holdings plc and led the formal sale process to UGL in 2011. He joined the DTZ Group in September 1988 and became a Director in 1992.
John specializes in the development, design and leasing of large commercial projects together with strategic advice to major corporate occupiers. John has extensive knowledge of global real estate markets and strategies, and is a trusted advisor to many substantial leading global organizations and property investors.
He is a trustee of the Geffrye Museum. John holds a B.S. in Urban Estate Surveying and is a Fellow of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.
Michelle brings extensive experience in developing and leading the implementation of strategic initiatives. Prior to her expanded global role, Michelle served as Cushman & Wakefield's Chief HR Officer of the Americas where she played a key role in driving the development and implementation of new and innovative HR programs across the firm.
Prior to joining Cushman & Wakefield, Michelle served as Head of HR for the Americas at A.T. Kearney. She also previously served as Global Chief Human Resources Officer at Heitman LLC, and previously held HR consulting positions with Deloitte & Touche LLP, Ernst & Young LLP, Cap Gemini and Capital H Group. She holds a B.S. in psychology from the University of Houston and an M.B.A. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
As Chief Investment Officer and Executive Vice President of Strategic Planning, Nathaniel Robinson is responsible for shaping Cushman & Wakefield's broader business strategy, overseeing the efficient allocation of investment capital across the company and driving the analysis needed to make major operational, financial and strategic decisions.
Nathaniel joined Cushman & Wakefield in 2016 to help build the firm's strategic investment and M&A capabilities. Prior to joining, he was an Investment Partner at Virgo Capital, where he focused on making new platform investments and developing strategic initiatives for the firm's portfolio companies.
Prior to Virgo Capital, he worked in Morgan Stanley's Global Technology Group, advising leading software and internet companies on acquisitions, divestitures and joint ventures. Nathaniel is also a co-founder and former chairman of PhillyCarShare, which was acquired by Enterprise Holdings in 2011. He holds an MBA with Distinction from Dartmouth College, an MPP from Harvard University, and B.S. in finance and accounting from Drexel University.
As Chief Executive Officer, Americas, Shawn Mobley is responsible for leading the Americas region, including all geographic markets, service lines and businesses (including Brokerage, Capital Markets, PDS, Asset Services and Valuations & Advisory). Shawn's focus is bringing together the best professionals in the industry to win and service clients at the highest level.
Prior to being CEO, Americas, Shawn was Cushman & Wakefield's East Region President, managing operations in the Eastern part of the U.S. and Canada.
Shawn joined Cushman & Wakefield in 2011 as EVP and Market Leader for the Chicago area, later overseeing the Central Region. He formed the firm's Investor Services Group in 2014 (comprised of Capital Markets, Agency Leasing and Asset/Property Management) in an effort to provide fully integrated solutions for key investor clients and offer thought leadership for their portfolios. Prior to joining Cushman & Wakefield, Shawn was President of Brokerage Services at Grubb & Ellis.
As Chief Executive Officer, Asia Pacific, Matthew is responsible for leading Cushman & Wakefield's Asia Pacific region which consists of 7,000 employees across 11 countries, serving occupier and investor clients.
An Australian native, Matthew brings more than 25 years of experience from a variety of industries including real estate, financial services, professional services, engineering & construction, and mining services. He has worked for large global and multinational firms such as DTZ, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Aviva, Orica, Leighton and UGL.
Over the course of his career, Matthew has lived and worked in a number of different locations including Dubai, Kuala Lumpur, Melbourne, Sydney and Chicago. A qualified Certified Practicing Accountant (CPA), Matthew also holds a Bachelor of Business Accounting from RMIT University.
Prior to becoming CEO of APAC, Matthew served as Cushman & Wakefield's Global Chief Administrative Officer, and as Global Chief HR & Strategy Officer at DTZ before the company's merger with Cushman & Wakefield.
Paul Bedborough leads C&W Services, a facilities services business that delivers expert management solutions and coordinated local execution across the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. An industry veteran with over 20 years' executive experience, Paul has lead a comprehensive re-positioning of C&W Services through investment in the company's people, resources and programs that support the constant need for innovation and continuous improvement in service delivery and brand.
His passion for raising the value of the facilities industry for its clients and employees has driven the company's achievement of milestones in safety, client retention, and employee engagement. Most recently, C&W Services was honored by the National Safety Council with the 2017 Culture of Safety Award.
Under Paul's leadership, C&W Services has proactively pursued programs to help address the labor gap in skilled tradespeople, which threatens the healthy future of the facilities industry. His five-year commitment to the International Facility Management Association (IFMA) Foundation's Global Workforce Initiative was the first and largest in the industry, and earned C&W Services the Foundation's Trustees Award in 2016. In 2017, C&W Services further addressed industry labor issues through an expanded program to recruit and support veterans, an apprenticeship program and a pilot program in community outreach to chronically underemployed young adults. Employee engagement programs include introducing a Spot Awards program for all employees and highlighting 100 services stories per year on the C&W Services website, social media, advertising and the firm's presence at industry events.
Paul joined C&W Services from Johnson Controls where he served as VP of Global Operations, Americas, Global WorkPlace Solutions. In this role, Paul drove operational excellence, improving customer satisfaction and increasing profitability across 12 countries and 7,000 locations. Previously, he was responsible for developing and implementing the global facilities management operating platform of programs in the areas of safety, critical environments, continuous improvement, facilities workflow and offshore knowledge centers.
Earlier in his career, Paul served as Vice President and General Manager of Global WorkPlace Solutions' facility management US business. He has been based in the US since 2003, having previously served as Director of Operations for the company in the UK.
He earned his MBA at the University of Leicester, UK, and is a member of CoreNet and IFMA.
Brad Kreiger, Chief Marketing & Communications Officer for Cushman & Wakefield, is a thought leader in marketing and communication strategy with more than 18 years of experience in the commercial real estate, financial services and construction industries. Brad is responsible for the firm's direction and strategy on internal and external communications, marketing, brand, public relations, web and social media.
Prior to Cushman & Wakefield, Brad co-founded a technology startup, Hard Hat Hub, to create a marketplace for talent in the construction and facilities management industries. Before that, he spent a decade as SVP of Marketing with global real estate services firm JLL, where he oversaw corporate communications and marketing. Previously, he also served in PR and marketing roles with ABN AMRO and Graycor Construction.
Brad received his bachelor's and MBA from Purdue University, where he is still actively involved as an advisory board member. He also earned a Six Sigma Green Belt Certification from Motorola University. Additionally, Brad serves on the board of the Black Ensemble Theater in Chicago.


text:
Uncertainty in health impact assessments of smoke from a wildfire event
Megan Johnson & Fernando Garcia-Menendez
Dataset published via Dryad
Manuscript abstract: Wildfires cause elevated air pollution that can be detrimental to human health. However, health impact assessments associated with emissions from wildfire events are subject to uncertainty arising from different sources. Here, we quantify and compare major uncertainties in mortality and morbidity outcomes of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution estimated for a series of wildfires in the Southeastern U.S. We present an approach to compare uncertainty in estimated health impacts specifically due...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.79cnp5hwq Cite
Pedigree-based and phylogenetic methods support surprising patterns of mutation rate and spectrum in the gray mouse lemur
Ryan Campbell, George Tiley, Jelmer Poelstra, Kelsie Hunnicutt, Peter Larsen, Hui-Jie Lee, Jeffrey Thorne, Mario Dos Reis & Anne Yoder
Mutations are the raw material on which evolution acts, and knowledge of their frequency and genomic distribution is crucial for understanding how evolution operates at both long and short timescales. At present, the rate and spectrum of de novo mutations have been directly characterized in relatively few lineages. Our study provides the first direct mutation rate estimate for a strepsirrhine (i.e., the lemurs and lorises), which comprise nearly half of the primate clade. Using high-coverage...
No citations were reported.
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2njx Cite
Data from: Variation in predation regime drives sex-specific differences in mosquitofish foraging behaviour
Varpu Pärssinen, Kaj Hulthén, Christer Brönmark, Gustaf Ekelund Ugge, Raphael Gollnisch, Simon David Herzog, Nan Hu, Marcus Lee, Yongcui Sha, Martin Škerlep, Jerker Vinterstare, R. Brian Langerhans, P. Anders Nilsson, Caroline Björnerås, Lars-Anders Hansson, Emma Johansson, Karin Rengefors & Huan Zhang
Predation is a well-studied driver of ecological selection on prey traits, which frequently drives divergence in anti-predator performance across environments that vary in predation risk. However, predation also alters prey mortality regimes, where low predation risk often results in higher prey densities and consequently higher intensities of intraspecific resource competition. In addition, predation risk alters the foraging context, as acquiring food can be risky in the presence of predators. Thus, different predation regimes can drive...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz65n Cite
PacBio IsoSeq reference transcriptomes for Pinus taeda L.
Edwin Lauer & Fikret Isik
Fusiform rust disease, caused by the endemic fungus Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme, is the most damaging disease affecting economically important pine species in the southeast United States. In this report, we detail the genomic localization and sequence-level discovery of candidate race-nonspecific broad-spectrum fusiform rust resistance genes in Pinus taeda L. Two full-sib families, each with ~1000 progeny, were challenged with a complex inoculum consisting of over 150 pathogen isolates. High-density linkage mapping revealed three...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jsxksn08x Cite
Knockdown resistance (kdr) genotypes and collection information for Aedes aegytpi from Iquitos, Peru (2000 - 2017)
Jennifer Baltzegar
This study describes the evolution of knockdown resistance (kdr) haplotypes in Aedes aegypti in response to pyrethroid insecticide use over the course of 18 years in Iquitos, Peru. Based on the duration and intensiveness of sampling (~10,000 samples), this is the most thorough study of kdr population genetics in Ae. aegypti to date within a city. We provide evidence for the direct connection between programmatic citywide pyrethroid spraying and the increase in frequency of specific...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2fqz612pc Cite
Natural and anthropogenic sources of habitat variation influence exploration behaviour, stress response, and brain morphology in a coastal fish
R. Brian Langerhans, Matthew Jenkins, John Cummings, Alex Cabe, Kaj Hulthén & M. Nils Peterson
1. Evolutionary ecology aims to better understand how ecologically important traits respond to environmental heterogeneity. Environments vary both naturally and as a result of human activities, and investigations that simultaneously consider how natural and human-induced environmental variation affect diverse trait types grow increasingly important as human activities drive species endangerment. 2. Here, we examine how habitat fragmentation and structural habitat complexity, affect disparate trait types in Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) inhabiting tidal creeks. We tested...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.j0zpc86f6 Cite
Supplemental information for: An early burst in brachiopod evolution corresponding with significant climatic shifts during the great Ordovician biodiversification event
Curtis Congreve, Mark Patzkowsky & Peter Wagner
We employ modified tip-dating methods to date divergence times within the Strophomenoidea, one of the most abundant and species-rich brachiopod clades to radiate during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), to determine if significant environmental changes at this time correlate with the diversification of the clade. Models using origination, extinction and sampling rates to estimate prior probabilities of divergence times strongly support both high rates of anatomical change per million-years and rapid divergences shortly before...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k0p2ngf8g Cite
Data from: Long-term trends in the occupancy of ants revealed through use of multi-sourced datasets
Julie Sheard, Carsten Rahbek, Robert Dunn, Nathan Sanders & Nick Isaac
We combined participatory science data and museum records to understand long-term changes in occupancy for 29 ant species in Denmark over 119 years. Bayesian occupancy modelling indicated change in occupancy for 15 species: five increased, four declined and six showed fluctuating trends. We consider how trends may have been influenced by life-history and habitat changes. Our results build on an emerging picture that biodiversity change in insects is more complex than implied by the simple...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4bj Cite
G-Quadruplex Structure Improves the Immunostimulatory Effects of CpG Oligonucleotides
Kazuaki Hoshi, TOMOHIKO YAMAZAKI, Yuuki Sugiyama, Kaori Tsukakoshi, Wakako Tsugawa, Koji Sode & Kazunori Ikebukuro
Article published via National Institute for Materials Science
Single-strand oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) are recognized by the toll-like receptor 9, a component of the innate immunity. Therefore, they could act as immunotherapeutic agents. Chemically modified CpG ODNs containing a phosphorothioate backbone instead of phosphodiester (PD) were developed as immunotherapeutic agents resistant to nuclease degradation. However, they cause adverse side effects, and so there is a necessity to generate novel CpG ODNs. In the present study, we designed a nuclease-resistant nonmodified CpG...
https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.1443 Cite
A new pipeline for removing paralogs in target enrichment data
Wenbin Zhou, John Soghigian &
Target enrichment (such as Hyb-Seq) is a well-established high throughput sequencing method that has been increasingly used for phylogenomic studies. Unfortunately, current widely used pipelines for analysis of target enrichment data do not have a vigorous procedure to remove paralogs in target enrichment data. In this study, we develop a pipeline we call Putative Paralogs Detection (PPD) to better address putative paralogs from enrichment data. The new pipeline is an add-on to the existing HybPiper...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ttdz08kwq Cite
Data From: Phylogenomics reveals accelerated late Cretaceous diversification of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae)
Xuankun Li, Luisa C. Teasdale, Keith M. Bayless, Allan G. Ellis, Brian M. Wiegmann, Carlos José E. Lamas, Christine L. Lambkin, Neal L. Evenhuis, James A. Nicholls, Diana Hartley, Seunggwan Shin, Michelle Trautwein, Andreas Zwick, Bryan D. Lessard & David K. Yeates
Bombyliidae is a very species-rich and widespread family of parasitoid flies with more than 250 genera classified into 17 extant subfamilies. However, little is known about their evolutionary history or how their present-day diversity was shaped. Transcriptomes of 15 species and anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) sequence captures of 86 species, representing 94 bee fly species and 14 subfamilies, were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of Bombyliidae. We integrated data from transcriptomes across each of the...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q2bvq83h9 Cite
Detecting flying insects using car nets and DNA metabarcoding
Cecilie Svenningsen, Tobias Guldberg Frøslev, Jesper Bladt, Lene Bruhn Pedersen, Jonas Colling Larsen, Rasmus Ejrnæs, Camilla Fløjgaard, Anders Hansen, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Robert Dunn & Anders Tøttrup
Monitoring insects across space and time is challenging, due to their vast taxonomic and functional diversity. This study demonstrates how nets mounted on rooftops of cars (car nets) and DNA metabarcoding can be applied to sample flying insect richness and diversity across large spatial scales within a limited time period. During June 2018, 365 car net samples were collected by 151 volunteers during two daily time intervals on 218 routes in Denmark. Insect bulk samples...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6q573n5z5 Cite
Combining epidemiological and ecological methods to quantify social effects on E. coli transmission
Trevor Farthing, Daniel Dawson, Michael Sanderson, Hannah Seger & Cristina Lanzas
Enteric microparasites like Escherichia coli utilize multiple transmission pathways to propagate within and between host populations. Characterizing the relative transmission risk attributable to host social relationships, and direct physical contact between individuals is paramount for understanding how microparasites like E. coli spread within affected communities and estimating colonization rates. To measure these effects, we carried out commensal E. coli transmission experiments in two cattle (Bos taurus) herds, wherein all individuals were equipped with real-time location...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vt4b8gtsr Cite
How Superior–Subordinate Relationship Quality and Conflict Management Styles Influence an Employee's Use of Upward Dissent Tactics
Valeska Redmond, Jessica Katz Jameson & Andrew Binder
Text published via Carnegie Mellon University Libraries Publishing Services
https://doi.org/10.34891/4q63-g241 Cite
Important lessons from stakeholder engagement
Khara Grieger
Audiovisual published via Northwest Knowledge Network (NKN) at the University of Idaho
https://doi.org/10.7923/re1d-3366 Cite
Data from: Salivary digestion extends the range of sugar-aversions in the German cockroach
Ayako Wada-Katsumata
Saliva has diverse functions in feeding behavior of animals. However, the impact of salivary digestion of food on insect gustatory information processing is poorly documented. Glucose-aversion (GA) in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is a highly adaptive heritable behavioral resistance trait that protects the cockroach from ingesting glucose-containing-insecticide-baits. In this study, we confirmed that GA cockroaches rejected glucose, but they accepted oligosaccharides. However, whereas wild-type cockroaches that accepted glucose also satiated on oligosaccharides, GA cockroaches...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jsxksn08r Cite
Avian Response to Hurricane Maria in Coffee Plantations
Jaime Collazo, Amarilys Irizarry, Ivette Perfecto & John Vandermeer
Insights on impacts and resiliency of avian species with respect to hurricanes in the Caribbean have largely focused on responses measured in protected habitats. We assessed avian responses in non-protected habitat, specifically shade-restored coffee plantations, because their structural complexity retains many attributes of secondary forests, and may contribute to landscape scale species resiliency. We tallied species richness and estimated occupancy probability of 12 resident avian species, after adjusting for imperfect detection, to assess the impact...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9kd51c5gw Cite
Data for Predation and resource availability interact to drive life-history evolution in an adaptive radiation of livebearing fish
Randall Brian Langerhans & Kaj Hulthén
Predation risk and resource availability are two primary factors predicted by theory to drive the evolution of life histories. Yet, disentangling their roles in life-history evolution in the wild is challenging because (1) the two factors often co-vary across environments and (2) environmental effects on phenotypes can mask patterns of genotypic evolution. Here, we use the model system of the Post-Pleistocene radiation of Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) inhabiting blue holes to provide a strong test...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pc866t1nt Cite
Predation shapes behavioral lateralization: insights from an adaptive radiation of livebearing fish
Kaj Hulthén, Heinen-Kay Justa Lee, Danielle Schmidt & R. Brian Langerhans
Hemispheric brain lateralization can drive the expression of behavioral asymmetry, or laterality, which varies notably both within and among species. To explain these left–right behavioral asymmetries in animals, predator-mediated selection is often invoked. Recent studies have revealed that a relatively high degree of lateralization correlates positively with traits known to confer survival benefits against predators, including escape performance, multitasking abilities, and group coordination. Yet, we still know comparatively little about 1) how consistently predators shape...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4bh Cite
Olfactory Learning Supports an Adaptive Sugar-Aversion Gustatory Phenotype in the German Cockroach
Ayako Wada-Katsumata & Coby Schal
An association of food sources with odors prominently guides foraging behavior in animals. To understand the interaction of olfactory memory and food preferences, we used glucose-averse (GA) German cockroaches. Multiple populations of cockroaches evolved a gustatory polymor-phism where glucose is perceived as a deterrent and enables GA cockroaches to avoid eating glucose-containing toxic baits. Comparative behavioral analysis using an operant conditioning paradigm revealed that learning and memory guide foraging decisions. Cockroaches learned to associate specific...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6q573n5zz Cite
Limited plasticity in thermally tolerant ectotherm populations: evidence for a trade-off
Jordanna Barley, Brian S. Cheng, Matthew Sasaki, Sarah Gignoux-Wolfsohn, Cynthia G. Hays, Alysha B. Putnam, Seema Sheth, Andrew Villeneuve, Morgan Kelly, Jordanna M. Barley & Andrew R. Villeneuve
Many species face extinction risks owing to climate change, and there is an urgent need to identify which species' populations will be most vulnerable. Plasticity in heat tolerance, which includes acclimation or hardening, occurs when prior exposure to a warmer temperature changes an organism's upper thermal limit. The capacity for thermal acclimation could provide protection against warming, but prior work has found few generalizable patterns to explain variation in this trait. Here, we report the...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zs7h44j8z Cite
A Hopf Adaptive Oscillator Analog Circuit as a musical instrument
Edmon Perkins, XiaoFu Li &
The utilization of a Hopf adaptive frequency oscillator as a musical instrument is explored. The analog circuit design of this nonlinear oscillator are presented, and the procedure to use it as a musical instrument is described. Although similar to other analog electronics instruments such as the theremin, the authors believe this is the first time that an adaptive oscillator has been implemented as a musical instrument. Ave Maria, D. 839-Bradley Chapman (https://musopen.org/music/1673-ave-ma...), is used here...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hmgqnk9gs Cite
Savannas are not old fields: functional trajectories of forest expansion in a fire-suppressed Brazilian savanna are driven by habitat generalists
Samuel Flake, Rodolfo Abreu, Giselda Durigan & William Hoffmann
Under fire suppression, many tropical savannas transform into forests. Forest expansion entails changes in environmental variables and plant community structure. We hypothesized that forest expansion into savanna results in a shift in community-weighted mean functional traits from stress tolerance to competitiveness, with generalist species having trait values intermediate between those of specialists of savanna and forest habitats. We studied 30 plots distributed over three savanna-forest boundaries undergoing forest expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado, capturing a...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5tb2rbp3v Cite
Sponge-like rigid structures in frictional granular packings
Kuang Liu, Jonathan E. Kollmer, Karen E. Daniels, J.M. Schwarz & Silke Henkes
We show how rigidity emerges in experiments of sheared two-dimensional frictional granular materials by using generalizations of two methods for identifying rigid structures. Both approaches, the force-based dynamical matrix and the topology-based rigidity percolation, agree with each other and identify similar rigid structures. As the system becomes jammed, at a critical contact number z = 2.4±0.1, a rigid backbone interspersed with floppy, particle-filled holes of a broad range of sizes emerges, creating a sponge-like morphology....
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.d51c5b01k Cite
Island area, not isolation, drives taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of ants on land-bridge islands
Yuhao Zhao, Robert Dunn, Haonan Zhou, Xingfeng Si & Ping Ding
Aim: To explore the impact of island area and isolation on multiple dimensions of ant biodiversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity) and the underlying processes of community assembly on islands. Location: Thousand Island Lake, Zhejiang, China, created by dam construction in 1959. Taxon: Ants. Methods: We sampled ants on 33 islands, built a species-level phylogenetic tree and measured five morphological traits of all species collected to estimate taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. We used multiple...
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7h7v Cite
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Our coffee table in the living room needed a centerpiece for Christmas. I decided to create one with the candles we already have and some items I bought from Michael's Arts and Crafts.
Fluff the wreath by pulling the twigs outward to make it look fuller.
There is not adhesive or any tie needed for this project.
Cut about two feet of the ribbons.
Create bows. I started with six bows but as I rearranged them I ended up using nine.
When making the bow, do not tighten. You will want a little room to adjust so you can tie it on a twig. Once tied, fluff the ribbons to give it volume. The ribbons have wires on the side and it can keep it's shape when fluffing them.
Now you can arrange the fairy lights on the upper side. There is no need to string them thru the wreath. You can let the lights rest on the needles. There is a wire on these fairy lights, so I randomly wrapped the wire around the twigs an over the bows.
The fairy lights are powered by two AA batteries so I tucked the battery pack on the inside of the wreath and covered it with the twigs.
You might need something to elevate the candles depending on how tall your candles are. I am using this round metal serving dish.
I end up using only three of the candles.
Remember, never leave a burning candle unattended.


From general requirements to grounding and bonding, the updated National Electrical Code Online Training Series introduces the 2017 edition of the NEC.
Maximize time by taking NEC® training online, without compromising job demands. Created by the leading experts in NFPA 70®: National Electrical Code® compliance and only available from NFPA®, the self-guided National Electrical Code® Online Training Series introduces you to installation requirements and how the 2017 edition of the NEC works to protect people and property from electrical hazards. Each module helps pave the way for additional professional training to meet your career goals. Topics span everything from NEC organization to the application of general requirements, conductor sizing, overcurrent protection, and grounding and bonding for systems and equipment.
Through six online courses, you'll learn how NEC compliance provides electrical safety in residential, commercial, and industrial installations.
Complete this six-hour course series and qualify for 0.6 CEUs. Completion of each individual one-hour course qualifies you for 0.1 CEU. Upon successful completion of a course or the course series, participants will be prompted to download the CEU certificate directly from the course site. Please verify applicability with your professional board or organization before registering.
Work at your own pace to learn how compliance with the 2017 edition of the NEC provides electrical safety in residential, commercial, and industrial installations.
Understanding the purpose, language, and organization of NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) is critical to proper interpretation and application of America's most widely adopted code. Developed by NFPA® and updated for the 2017 edition, the Introduction to the 2017 NEC Online Training Course provides you with the basis for such an understanding. This self-paced course covers the essential issues covered by Article 90 of the NEC as well as some general information needed for understanding of and compliance with specific NEC requirements.
Introduction to the NEC -- the first course in the NEC Online Training Series -- addresses the Code's purpose and scope as well as the general organization and language conventions in the NEC. It also explains how compliance with the NEC and proper use and installation of electrical equipment leads to installations that can be approved by AHJs and others responsible for NEC enforcement.
This up-to-date online training course makes it easy to improve your understanding of the latest NEC rules that apply to most electrical installations.
Lessons in the NFPA 70: National Electrical Code General Installation Requirements Online Training Course, the second course in the updated NEC Online Training Series cover some of the most widely applicable installation requirements in the 2017 edition of the NEC. These are Code requirements that apply to all or nearly all electrical installations for power and lighting circuits and distribution equipment.
Some of these rules can be modified for the special occupancies, special equipment, or special conditions of Chapters 5, 6, and 7, and although some of those modifications will be noted, this self-paced module concentrates on the general requirements that apply to all electrical installations and the rules that cover the proper selection and use of wiring methods.
Without leaving your desk, you can learn the methods for properly selecting a conductor using the 2017 edition of the National Electrical Code.
Revised for the latest National Electrical Code, this NFPA® online training course covers many aspects of overcurrent protection, so you're better prepared for compliance with the 2017 edition of the NEC.
Available only from NFPA®, the NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) Overcurrent Protection Online Training Course, the fourth course in the updated NEC Online Training Series, explores the methods of protecting people, conductors, equipment, and other property from the effects of overcurrent.
The updated NEC System Grounding and Bonding Online Training Course gives you a solid introduction to a critical issue.
Understanding the latest NEC requirements for grounding and bonding of electrical systems is vital, and the self-guided NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) System Grounding and Bonding Online Training Course lets you work at your own pace to improve your grasp of a complex issue.
The revised NFPA® NEC Equipment Grounding and Bonding Online Training Course takes you inside the new 2017 edition Code.
Developed by electrical safety experts at the Code source and consistent with the 2017 edition of the NEC, the self-guided NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) Equipment Grounding and Bonding Online Training Course addresses the requirements for grounding and bonding of electrical equipment.
Online lessons cover the reasons why the National Electrical Code requires non-current-carrying conductive parts of electrical and some non-electrical equipment to be grounded or bonded. You will learn about the definitions of terms that relate to grounding and bonding of equipment enclosures, conduits, structures, and piping systems; the performance requirements for equipment grounding; the equipment that is required to be grounded; and the methods of equipment grounding and bonding. Grounding and bonding of electrical conductors and systems are covered in another module in the 2017 edition NEC Online Training Series.


Rapunzel vs Cinderella Model Rivals : Being a top model is not that easy, even in the Disney world. Two beautiful princesses, Rapunzel and Cinderella, dream about participating in the fashion show of the hottest designer of the year, miss Cruella. But there is only one girl, that will get this job! Which means that it is time for some fashion rivals! The girl with the best look is going to take part in Cruella's fashion show. Princesses are ready to show their best! Are you ready to help them? Both fashionistas have loads of cool clothes in their wardrobes. Stylish dresses, glittery tops, fashion jeans and pretty jewelry. Create a unique look for Rapunzel and Cinderella and let's see, who is gonna melt the ice heart of Cruella and open her show! Have fun!


text:
Unashamed Student Ministry
Women's Missions and Ministries
Good News Club
Eden Christian School
Zeb Bishop
Pastor Zeb came to Eden in 2016. He grew up in the Citrus/ Hernando county area and graduated from Citrus High School in 1998. He is married to Crystal, his high school sweetheart. He has two boys, Logan and Kyler. Zeb enjoys hunting, fishing and woodworking.
Zeb has been in minstry for 15 years, 9 of which he traveled with The Strength Team, an evangelistic ministry, and the rest of his ministry he ministered to students. Now as Senior Pastor he has the same heart for the adults as he had for the students; passionate about helping the Church grow into a more intimate relationship with Christ. Zeb says, "I want our congregation to be able to defend their faith based on what they believe, not what they have been told."
Keith Looper
Music Minister
Bro. Keith was raised in Brooksville, then entered the Navy in 1958. Upon return, he worked for A&P. In 1964, he married Jean Frazier, who had moved to Brooksville from Knoxville, TN a couple of years prior. They have two sons, Eddie and Brad, and four grandsons.
After working for the United States Postal Service for 30 years, Bro. Keith retired in 2001. Music ministry has always been a part of his life. He served as Music Minister at Garden Grove Baptist in Masaryktown, FL for 24 years, and has been serving at Eden in the same position for over 30 years.
Eden Baptist Church
22308 Lake Lindsey RD Brooksville, FL 34601
Email: ebcbrooksville@gmail.com
Facebook: EBC
Sunday School:
Men's/Women's/Youth Bible Study:
AWANA:
3y/o - 5th at 6:00 PM
Unashamed Students: 6th - 12th at 6:00 PM
Men's/Women's Bible Study:
Women's Bible Study
1st/3rd Wednesday:
Women on a Mission
2nd/4th Wednesday:
352-796-1619 edencs@tampabay.rr.com
© Eden Baptist Church


text:
La Ley de Propiedad Intelectual de la Unión Soviética (URSS) sufrió varias revisiones importantes durante su existencia. La primera Ley de Derechos de Autor Socialista fue aprobada en 1925. Tres años más tarde, fue sustituida por una segunda versión que estuvo en vigor durante más de tres décadas, hasta que fue reemplazada en 1961.

A pesar de diversas revisiones de esta ley, algunas características se mantuvieron constantes. Los derechos de autor eran automáticos en la URSS; una obra era propiedad de su creador, y el registro no era necesario. Solo la expresión creativa de ideas estaba sujetas a derechos de autor. La duración del derecho de autor es mucho más corta que la habitual en Occidente. El derecho de Autor fue, desde el principio, limitado a las obras de ciudadanos soviéticos y las obras de autores extranjeros que fueron publicadas por primera vez en la URSS (o, si no publicadas, que existían de forma objetiva en el territorio de la Unión Soviética).

Los derechos patrimoniales de los autores se vieron limitados por una larga lista de usos que no constituían infracciones de derechos de autor, y eran obligatorias las tasas de regalías oficiales limitando los ingresos de los autores. El derecho de autor soviético también concedía la libertad de la traducción (hasta 1973): pudiendo traducirse y publicarse cualquier trabajo sin el consentimiento del autor original.

Véase también
 Derecho de autor en Rusia

Referencias

Historia del derecho
Derecho de la Unión Soviética
Union Sovietica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: EMV Question : Cannot Read Tag 9F24, returned nothing Per EMV standard, card tag 9F24 should be contain BIN and AFR , but i cannot read any data from the card . Is that my APDU comman is wrong ?  or 9F24 only occur in mobile device?
https://www.level2kernel.com/payment_account_reference.html
I try to read 9F24 from the card  it's response 6A 88 (Referenced data not found)
Reader APDU>> 9F24
Card Response << 64 88
byte[] byteArrayAPDU = new byte[]{(byte)0x80, (byte)0xCA, (byte)0x9F, (byte)0x24, (byte)0x00, (byte)0x00};

int nResult = SmartCardInterface.transmit(nCardHandle, byteArrayAPDU, byteArrayResponse);

A: There is no direct requirement for cards to contain PAR. It is only an option (relatively new), so you may expect that existing cards might not be using it.
PAR may also be returned in several ways and normally kernels are tested if they can handle PAR in templates 70 (retrieved with Read Record) and 77 (may be found in response to GPO, Internal Auth, GenAC, etc). You should probably refer to EMVCo description. You might want to use different data object (like BIN or card number and tokenize it yourself, depending what you are trying to achieve).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
As Mike Ashley's Frasers Group posts an upbeat outlook, is it now a recovery buy?
Alan Oscroft | Thursday, 20th August, 2020 | More on: FRAS
Image source: Getty Images
Companies change their names, often in an attempt to turn weak sentiment into recovery. Mike Ashley has renamed Sports Direct International to Frasers Group (LSE: FRAS), presumably to note the group's new, wider business interests. That it might help distance the firm from criticism of working practices at its warehouses is perhaps a bonus.
The rename might also help get investors back on board. Many of them had become disillusioned by Sports Direct's apparent strategy of buying up any old distressed competitor that happened to cross the radar. And that led to a devaluation of the old brand.
The rechristened Frasers Group released 2020 results Thursday. Total revenue grew by 6.9% to reach £3,957.4m, but that includes the effect of acquisitions. Stripped of those, like-for-like revenue fell 12.6% on a currency neutral basis. Reported pre-tax profit fell by 19.9%, and the underlying figure fell 18.1%. So no recovery in profits yet.
Valuation is tricky
It's not obvious to me how to evaluate Frasers Group against the background of the Covid-19 recession. These figures cover the year to 26 April, so it's really only the final quarter that would have been hit.
Still, the current uncertainty didn't hold back the investors, who pushed the Frasers Group share price up 20% at one point during Thursday morning. It fell back a bit from that, but on a gain of 12% at the time of writing, that's a good bit better than I was expecting. All in all, we've seen an impressive recovery from that early Covid-19 slump.
Presumably the bullishness stems from the company's outlook. Frasers says it "intends to invest in excess of £100 million in its digital elevation strategy". Presumably that means its online sales channels, and not that it plans to lift a finger. Ho ho.
Forecast growth recovery
The statement continued: "With digital transformation now at the forefront, the successful reopening of our stores after the Covid-19 lockdown and continuing strong web performance, we are confident in achieving between a 10% and 30% improvement in underlying EBITDA during FY21."
That's a bold statement to make while Covid-19 is still with us, and in the light of the resulting recession. And it's way better than the forecasts currently suggest – though they do need to be treated with a lot more caution than usual this year.
Will I buy?
If Frasers Group pulls off that kind of recovery, I'll rate it as a very impressive achievement. But would I buy right now? A substantial gain in earnings could make the stock's valuation look very tempting. But it is a firm that carries substantial net debt, and I don't like that. It did drop from £378.5m to £366m during the year, which is positive. And that's only 1.2 times underlying EBITDA, which isn't stretching.
But I'm not sure what Mike Ashley might see fit to acquire next. Has he managed to leave behind his seeming compulsion to try to buy up anything that comes into sight? I'll wait and see.
Alan Oscroft has no position in any of the shares mentioned. The Motley Fool UK has no position in any of the shares mentioned. Views expressed on the companies mentioned in this article are those of the writer and therefore may differ from the official recommendations we make in our subscription services such as Share Advisor, Hidden Winners and Pro. Here at The Motley Fool we believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors.
See all posts by Alan Oscroft


I was in Bangalore last week attempting for my CCIE Security lab together with my good friend. Unfortunately, both of us didn't make it again. For me, the exam was even harder than the one that i took last November. I guess i need more preparation time for next attempt.
I'm going to take some time off from this security studies and plan for next attempt maybe later this year. One of the reason is, over the past few months, this exam seemed like an excuse to neglect other things. I know that I've been lacking in Data center side of networks, where i wasn't very sure in details what happens after the load balances, ucs/vm, storage. Now, with a DC tech refresh project, it seems like a good time to start absorbing more of DC technologies.
Secondly, I've been wanting to do something for the next generation of network engineers of my country but, i just didn't happen to do anything over the years. I have plans to do some programs for different levels of network engineer. Let's see how that project goes over next few weeks.
My 4th time to Jakarta in 4 months.. It's raining here now I'm just stuck in the traffic on the cab to my hotel.. Those who knows Jakarta will understand this feeling..
The first two times was for nexus 7000 but, this time I'm here for IT consultancy project with one of the largest hotel group in the world. In the past few months, I became one of the approved IT consultants for said hotel group in charge of network, wifi, pabx, cabling, server room, power, aircon, cctv, writing tender documents, project management if necessary..
You might ask, how did a network engineer end up doing all these.. Is it relevant to my career? Well, I always believe in the saying "no single job makes a career, no single job breaks a career".
I'm doing IT consultancy on one hand and doing my usual network projects on the other hand.. Even with less routers and switches, I've learned so much dealing with consultants from different line of work, hospitality, construction, architect, interior designers, mechanical and electrical part of the projects.
Didn't make it.. only managed to get overall score more than 70%.. did a few mistakes in perimeter security and secure access. Well.. there's not a lot of room for errors in the lab exam..
Anyway, managed to get a slot in Bangalore during Chinese new year. I hoped her to be nice to me as last time.. by the way, good news for our Burmese candidates as you can get visa on arrival at the immigration.
Cisco sent me a payment reminder yesterday. I was thinking hard if i should confirm my lab exam appointment or not.. A lot of things happening at the new company. A job role that i'm not familiar with.. a lot of people leaving and joining.. I'm also assign to take care of new F5 business and i need to go for 5 days bootcamp next week.. etc.. etc..
Let's see what i have studied so far.. I have watched all the IPX VOD but, I have only finished 3 labs from IPX vol 1 until now. However, I have covered most of the topic from my previous studies and work experience. I think i should be able to do it.
So today, I decided to made the payment and go ahead with the schedule. damn.. these mobile labs are expensive... I'd better make it worth.. So, I will be doing 2 session each day from IPX during coming long holiday and hopefully, i should be finishing all the volume 1 labs at the end of the month. Vol 2 only has 5 labs.
I'm not sure why INE is so slow with coming out on security labs.. :| I will be doing some of their vol 1 labs during week days evening.. 3 months is short.. so..more studies and less fun for me these months..
It's time for The Hunt again..
It has been so long since i posted my last post here.. But, as "time and tide wait for no man" it's almost 4 years gone since i got my number. A few months back, The good guy Cisco sent me an email to remind me of my number expiry date which is in June..
I have been thinking if i should go for CCIE Security or CCDE.. Piff.. after trying the demo exam of CCDE from cisco learning network, it was decide.. Go for Security.. LOL. DE is just a little far reach for me at this point. Anyway, I have been studying CCNP security and Wireless last year and things i learned while working on projects, it should be fairly easier for me but, wait.. ISE?? Ironport??
Lucky me, IPExpert has released study materials for CCIE Security V4 and i have been watching VOD for last couple of days. All the Volume 1 technology focused labs should be released by end of the month. I should start doing lab from next month onwards.
I will try to update the blog regularly in coming weeks until the hunt is completed..
The orginal version of this post can be found here. With all the reduciously platform dependent QOS configuration, i found this post extremely helpful to all the network engineers.
The purpose of this document is to outline the local area network (LAN) quality of service templates that will be implemented by you Unified Communications engineers. This document contains basic configuration details that should be followed during any UC deployment. The configurations contained within this document are based on Cisco's Quality of Service SRND and Unified Communications Manager SRND. For a comprehensive list of configuration details, reference the Cisco Quality of Service SRND and Cisco Unified Communications Manager SRND.
The configurations in this document should be considered as the base line for any implementation and should be included in any implementation as part of the standard delivery process. LAN traps should be conducted after implementing the QoS to ensure that proper markings are being set and maintained throughout the enterprise.
The following markings are used to designate traffic, per the Cisco SRND. These are the markings that you will account for in the base professional services implementation pricing.
When IP Phones are deployed in conjunction with other soft clients, such as CIPC, CUVA, or CUPC, then it is important to ensure the proper marking of soft client UC traffic. This is accomplished through the use of access lists and service policies.
Cisco Unified Personal Communicator and Cisco IP Communicator with Cisco Unified Video Advantage are both voice and video capable, which presents two challenges when using the ACL and policy map for packet classification and DSCP re-marking. First, Cisco Unified Personal Communicator uses the same IP address and UDP port range to source voice and video streams. The ACL that is based on IP address and port number is not granular enough to differentiate a voice call from a video call in order to apply appropriate DSCP re-marking. Second, Cisco IP Communicator uses the same IP address and UDP port range to source its voice packets. Similarly, the ACL is not granular enough to differentiate the voice stream of an audio-only call from the voice stream of a video call. Therefore, using the ACL and policy-map for packet classification and DSCP re-marking is not a feasible QoS solution for software-based endpoints.
Because both Cisco Unified Personal Communicator and Cisco IP Communicator with Cisco Unified Video Advantage mark their signaling and media packets correctly as they ingress the network, Cisco recommends configuring the policy map to trust the DSCP marking of incoming traffic and apply traffic policing and rate limiting.
The Catalyst 3550 switch mode is generally found in the access layer of the LAN. This model supports a 1P3Q1T queuing model.
These commands are entered on a global level and are necessary in all QoS implementations. They are used to properly map COS and DSCP values as well as to associate these markings with the appropriate interface queue and threshold.
Trunk ports, which could include connections to other switches, as well as Dot1Q connections to routers, should be configured to trust the DSCP markings from the neighboring device.
Generally speaking, devices such as voice servers, WAN routers, and voice gateways can be trusted, similar to trunk ports.
When IP Phones are deployed in an environment without other soft clients such as CIPC, CUVA, or CUPC, then the configuration for these access ports can be to simply trust the COS of the IP Phones. If a client will have any soft clients in the enterprise, it is recommended that you follow the configuration template for "IP Phones with Soft clients" as it is not feasible to know exactly which ports may or may not have soft clients active.
Because both Cisco Unified Personal Communicator and Cisco IP Communicator with Cisco Unified Video Advantage mark their signaling and media packets correctly as they ingress the network, Cisco recommends configuring the policy map to trust the DSCP marking of incoming traffic and apply traffic policing and rate limiting. It should be noted that this document includes IP Phone control traffic for SCCP, Secure SCCP, and SIP implementations.
The client can elect to add additional classes for other applications that fall into the Bulk, Transactional, or Interactive classes such as Oracle, FTP, etc by configuring additional ACLs and class-maps. You will be creating classes for voice and video. All other traffic not included in these classes will be policed at 5Mbps. This helps protect the environment from DoS attacks, and will not affect legitimate traffic.
Since we are going to be marking traffic from PCs to higher classes within the QoS policies, we need to ensure that we do not open the infrastructure up to a DoS attack from these PCs by allowing them to transmit more data than necessary in each class. This is done with policers. By policing unexpected packets to DSCP 8 (scavenger), we have made excessive packets with policed markings a lower priority than 0.
Access lists (ACLs) are used to properly identify traffic that will need to be marked at the point of ingress. These ACLs will deviate from LAN segment to LAN segment, as both the voice VLAN and data VLAN may differ from location to location within a deployment.
Class-Maps are created to place the traffic identified by the access lists into the appropriate QoS classes. The 3550 switch can classify based on VLAN ID, so hierarchy classes are utilized for this switch. In the following example, "VV" refers to the Voice VLAN ID.
Policy-Maps are created in order to take action on traffic within a class. In these examples, the policers assume that the voice only calls will use G.711 and that video calls will not exceed 384k. If a voice codec with a higher bandwidth was used, such as G.722, the policer for the voice class would need to be altered to 320k, instead of 128k.
In order to enforce the classifications and policies, the policy-map must be applied to the ingress of all IP Phone and PC ports.
These Catalyst switch models are generally found in the access layer of the LAN, although in some deployments, the 3750 is used in the distribution level. These models support a 1P3Q3T queuing model.
Class-Maps are created to place the traffic identified by the access lists into the appropriate QoS classes. A class-map is created for each traffic type for which an ACL was created.
These Catalyst switch models can be found in the access, distribution, or core layers of the LAN. These models support a 1P3Q1T queuing model.
When IP Phones are deployed in an environment without other soft clients such as CIPC, CUVA, or CUPC, then the configuration for these access ports can be to simply trust the COS of the IP Phones. If you will have any soft clients in the enterprise, it is recommended that you follow the configuration template for "IP Phones with Soft clients" as it is not feasible to know exactly which ports may or may not have soft clients active.
You can elect to add additional classes for other applications that fall into the Bulk, Transactional, or Interactive classes such as Oracle, FTP, etc by configuring additional ACLs and class-maps. You will be creating classes for voice and video. All other traffic not included in these classes will be policed at 5Mbps. This helps protect the environment from DoS attacks, and will not affect legitimate traffic.
UBRL adopts microflow policing capability to dynamically learn traffic flows and rate limit each unique flow to an individual rate and, as such, is a highly effective and efficient policing tool, particularly at the distribution ayer in a medianet campus network.
UBRL is available on Supervisor Engine V-10GE with NetFlow support. UBRL can be applied to ingress traffic on routed interfaces and is typically used in environments where a per-user, granular rate limiting mechanism is required, such as at the distribution layer, to provide a second line of policing defense in the campus. Like other policers, UBRL can be used to drop or remark exceeding flows.
A flow is defined by five-tuples (IP source address, IP destination address, IP protocol field, Layer 4 protocol source, and destination ports), which are the same for each packet in the flow. Flow-based policers apply a single policy to discrete flows without having to specify the virtually-infinite tuple-combinations. UBRL can also be applied with source or destination flow masks; these masks apply an aggregate microflow policing policy to multiple flows sharing the same source or IP destination addresses.
In the per-port UBRL Model, a class map matches on a microflow basis and aggregates these by source addresses. Then a policer applies an aggregate limit to all microflows sharing a common source IP address, remarking traffic in excess of the policing rate.
Remarking is performed by configuring a policed-DSCP map with the global configuration command qos map dscp policed, which specifies which DSCP values are subject to remarking (if out-of-profile) and what these values should be remarked to (which in the case of scavenger class QoS policies, the remarking value is CS1/DSCP 8).
In contrast with the previous example, if the campus distribution block is using a Layer 2/Layer 3 design, and as such has Layer 2 trunked interfaces (TenGigabitEthernet 1/1 and 1/2) connecting it to the access layer switches, then UBRL can be applied on a per-port/per-VLAN basis. In this case, separate UBRL policies can be applied to each VLAN traversing the trunked interfaces via per-port/per-VLAN UBRL policies as each VLAN is routed through the switch.
To highlight policy flexibility, additional levels of classification are included in this second UBRL example (which incidentally can also be applied to the per-port UBRL model). Instead of applying a blanket UBRL policy to all endpoints, separate UBRL polices can be applied to different types of endpoints or application-and-endpoint-combinations. For example, VoIP from Cisco IP phones in the VVLAN can be rate limited to 128 Kbps, while signaling traffic from these endpoints can be limited to 32 kbps. Similarly, TelePresence endpoints in the VVLAN (which mark their media flows to CS4) can be limited to 25 Mbps. All other endpoint-generated traffic in the VVLAN can be limited to 32 kbps per endpoint.
Similar policy granularity can be applied to the DVLAN policer, if desired. However in this example, a simplified DVLAN policer is applied to all flows to ensure that any DVLAN endpoint transmitting at more than 5% capacity (an example value) of the access edge 10/100/1000 switch ports are subject to data plane policing/scavenger class QoS.
These Catalyst switch models can be found in the distribution or core layers of the LAN. The queuing method is directly dependent upon the line cards. Consult the Cisco QoS SRND or line card datasheet on Cisco website documentation to ensure that the proper queuing method is configured on the switch.
Trunk ports, which could include connections to other switches, as well as Dot1Q connections to routers, should be configured to trust the DSCP markings from the neighboring device. Additionally, with Native IOS, the queue configurations are also made on the actual interfaces and are dependent upon the transmit queue support of the line cards.
Microflow policing dynamically learns traffic flows and rate limits each unique flow to an individual rate and as such, is a highly effective and efficient policing tool—particularly at the distribution layer in a medianet campus network.
Microflow policing can be applied to ingress traffic on routed interfaces and is typically used in environments where a per-user, granular rate limiting mechanism is required—such as at the distribution layer—to provide a second-line of policing defense in the campus. Like other policers, microflow policing can be used to drop or remark exceeding flows.
Microflow policers are enabled with the police flow policy-map class-action command. A flow is defined by five-tuples (IP source address, IP destination address, IP protocol field, Layer 4 protocol source, and destination ports), which are the same for each packet in the flow. Microflow policers apply a single policy to discrete traffic flows, without having to specify the virtually-infinite tuple combinations. Microflow policing can also be applied with source or destination flow masks (with the mask src-only and mask dest-only optional keywords, respectively); these masks apply an aggregate microflow policing policy to multiple flows sharing the same source or IP destination addresses.
In the per-port microflow policing model, a flow-based policer is applied with a mask src-only option and applies an aggregate limit to all microflows sharing a common source IP address, remarking traffic in excess of the policing rate.
Remarking is performed by configuring policed-DSCP maps with the global configuration commands mls qos map policed-dscp normal-burst (which specifies the exceeding remarking action) and mls qos map policed-dscp max-burst (which specifies the violating remarking action, in the case of a dual rate policer). These commands specify which DSCP values are subject to remarking if out-of-profile and what value these should be remarked as (which in the case of data plane policing/scavenger class QoS policies, this value is CS1/DSCP 8).
Even if single rate policers are used, it is recommended to configure the mls qos map dscp policed max-burst markdown map, as the maximum_burst_bytes parameter for the policer is set to equal to the normal_burst_bytes parameter, unless explicitly specified otherwise. In other words, the PIR is set to equal the CIR, unless explicitly specified otherwise, and thus the exceed-action policed-dscp-transmit keywords causes PFC QoS to mark traffic down DSCP values as defined by the policed-dscp max-burst markdown map (and not the policed-dscp normal-burst markdown map).
In contrast with the previous example, if the campus distribution block is using a Layer 2/Layer 3 design, and as such has Layer 2 trunked interfaces (TenGigabitEthernet 3/1 and 3/2) connecting it to the access layer switches, then microflow policing can be applied on a per-VLAN basis. In this case, separate microflow policing policies can be applied to each VLAN.
To highlight policy flexibility, additional levels of classification are included in this second microflow policing example (which incidentally can also be applied to the per-port microflow policing model). Instead of applying a blanket microflow policer to all endpoints, separate microflow policers can be applied to different types of endpoints or application-and-endpoint-combinations. For example, VoIP from Cisco IP phones in the VVLAN can be policed to 128 Kbps, while signaling traffic from these endpoints can be policed to 32 kbps. Similarly, TelePresence endpoints in the VVLAN (which mark their media flows to CS4) can be policed to 25 Mbps. All other endpoint-generated traffic in the VVLAN can be policed to 32 kbps per endpoint.
In order to ensure true end to end QoS throughout the environment, the voice gateways must be configured to properly mark control and bearer traffic sourced from their processes, including MGCP, H.323, and SIP.
By default, MGCP gateways mark bearer traffic with DSCP EF and control traffic with AF31. This is not consistent with current standards. The following modifications should be made to all deployed MGCP gateways.
By default, H.323 and SIP dial-peers mark bearer traffic with DSCP EF and control traffic AF31. This is not consistent with current standards. The follow modifications should be made to VOIP dial-peers on all deployed H.323 and SIP gateways.
When you are trying to guarantee traffic service over long distance involving WAN circuits such as point-to-point, MPLS, and Metro Ethernet; then there must be QoS implementation on your WAN gateway of all ends of your location. In addition, your WAN QoS implementation must match QoS specification your service provider uses to maintain end-to-end QoS service.
As illustration, let's say you have point-to-point 1 Gbps Metro Ethernet circuit from your service provider to interconnect two of your locations. The service provider has specification that 5 Mbps is guaranteed for Class of Service (CoS) Priority 5 (EF) traffic, 5 Mbps is guaranteed for CoS Priority 2; while the remaining bandwidth is freely used for CoS default traffic.
Let's assume you have IP Phone that uses DSCP EF 5 or CoS 5 of UDP port range 16384 - 32767 for voice traffic and uses DSCP AF 41 (CS 3) or CoS 3 of SIP (UDP and TCP port range 5060 - 5061) and SCCP (TCP port range 2000 - 2002) for signalling traffic. Within LAN, you typically let these specification as default while setting all LAN switch access and trunk ports to acknowledge these traffic. Once the traffic is headed to the point-to-point circuit, then somehow you have to modify the traffic specification when you intend to match your traffic specification with the service provider specification.
Assume you like to utilize the service provider CoS 5 for the voice traffic, CoS 2 for the signalling, and remaining bandwidth is utilize for other traffic such as email, web, and file sharing. Therefore as the traffic is about to leave one location over the point-to-point circuit to reach your other location, you need to map your existing CoS 5 traffic to the service provider CoS 5, map your existing CoS 3 traffic to the service provider CoS 2, and map remaining traffic to the service provider CoS default traffic.
When the traffic is already going over the point-to-point circuit from one location and arrive at the other location, you need set your traffic back to its original specification in order to match your traffic specification. Therefore as the traffic arrives at the other location, you need to map the service provider CoS 5 traffic to the original CoS 5 traffic, map the service provider CoS 2 to the original CoS 3, and map remaining traffic as default traffic.
As you may note that these WAN QoS mapping occurs on your WAN gateway while LAN QoS mapping occurs on your LAN. Following is one solution how the WAN QoS mapping and configuration look like. The assumption here is that your WAN gateway is a router using GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 port to connect to the WAN circuit.
For more info regarding these QoS commands, check out the following Cisco link.
The information posted here is a summarized version of the Cisco AVVID QoS Design Guide. The person who posted this is not liable for any network problems or any damage caused by configuring their router to the following specification. If in doubt, open up a Cisco TAC case where a Cisco Engineer will get in touch to help you implement or troubleshoot your design or issue respectively. You may also ask the Cisco forum community for any advice but community accept no liability for any recommendations made which are then implemented.
The example below is using a Cisco 79xx IP Phone, 2924 Switch (12.0(5)XU EN, and a 2600 Router (12.2(11)T IP/FW/IDS PLUS IPSEC 56). Make sure the versions of IOS that you're running support the commands used before implementing in a production environment. It also assumes that you are using separate VLANs for data and voice (VLAN 100 for data, and 101 for voice).
The above port configuration allows for both voice and data traffic from separate vlans. Cisco IP Phones automatically support 802.1q trunking and 802.1p COS tagging, which will tag all outgoing voice traffic with an L2 COS of 5, and a L3 IP Precedence of 5. The 'switchport priority extend cos 0' ensures that all data traffic has it's L2 COS tag re-classified as 0. This will ensure a PC connected to the phone is not also classifying its traffic.
NOTE: The 'speed auto' command is extremely important. Cisco IP phones default to auto-negotiation for speed and duplex.If the switch port is set to 100baseT full-duplex, the IP phone automatically sets its port to 100baseT half-duplex, causing a duplex mismatch.
The first thing we need to do is define access-lists to match our voice traffic. We will create 2 extended ACLs, one for the voice RTP traffic, and one for the voice signaling traffic.
NOTE: You may also use a 'permit ip 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 any' command on the signaling access-list to match all hosts in a particular subnet, assuming all IP phones are on the same subnet and their own vlan.
The policy-map on the router places all voice traffic into the Priority Queue, which is given 240kbps of bandwidth. All signaling traffic is in a class-based queue with 16kbps of bandwidth. And all other traffic is queued using Weighted Fair Queuing.
NOTE: If you are using sub-interfaces, applying the policy to the fa0/0 interface will also apply it to all sub-interfaces (i.e. fa0/0.1, fa0/0.2 etc.) To apply a QoS service-policy to a specific sub-interface refer to this Cisco link.
As Qos is generally configured on outgoing traffic, it will help if you have control over both sides of the link. You can also apply rate limiting to inbound traffic if you so choose, however it will only work with TCP traffic.
This will allow no more than 1408kbps through; any excess will be dropped. Again, this only works for TCP traffic, since dropped packets will cause the sender to back off and try again slower.
CCIE R&S Number Decreased by 1000+ in 10 months..
Triple CCIE #8171 R&S, Security, SP - Himawan Nugroho has provided with the most recent "unofficial" worldwide CCIE count as of February 17, 2011.
Dual CCIE #18532 R&S, Security - George Morton then compared Nugroho's "unofficial" count to Cisco's last officially published count on April 30, 2010.
As George Morton has shown above, in just a mere ten month time period the CCIE R&S count dropped by a staggering -1,052, CCIE Storage dropped by -8 and the total worldwide CCIE count dropped by -584.
Troubleshooting section in R&S lab exam was introduced in May 2010. Could it be the reason for the number drop?


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Julia Antoinette Messina, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Campus mail Hanes House Room 150, Box DUMC 102359, Durham, NC 27710
Email address julia.messina@duke.edu
I am a Transplant Infectious Diseases Physician who specializes in the care of immunocompromised patients including solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients and patients with HIV. My research interest is in the role of the gut microbiome in the propagation of invasive bacterial infections in patients with hematologic malignancies.
Infectious Diseases Fellowship, Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 2013 - 2018
Internal Medicine Residency, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 2010 - 2013
Infectious Disease Certification, American Board of Internal Medicine, 0018
M.H.S., Duke University School of Medicine, 2018
M.D., Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 2010
Jackson, W., C. P. Hornik, J. A. Messina, K. Guglielmo, A. Watwe, G. Delancy, A. Valdez, et al. "In-hospital outcomes of premature infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.." J Perinatol 37, no. 7 (July 2017): 853–56. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2017.49.
Tie, Guodong, Jinglian Yan, Lyne Khair, Julia A. Messina, April Deng, Joonsoo Kang, Thomas Fazzio, and Louis M. Messina. "Hypercholesterolemia Increases Colorectal Cancer Incidence by Reducing Production of NKT and γδ T Cells from Hematopoietic Stem Cells.." Cancer Res 77, no. 9 (May 1, 2017): 2351–62. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1916.
Parente, V., R. H. Clark, L. Ku, C. Fennell, M. Johnson, E. Morris, A. Romaine, et al. "Risk factors for group B streptococcal disease in neonates of mothers with negative antenatal testing.." J Perinatol 37, no. 2 (February 2017): 157–61. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2016.201.
Messina, Julia A., Eileen K. Maziarz, Andrej Spec, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, and John R. Perfect. "Disseminated Cryptococcosis With Brain Involvement in Patients With Chronic Lymphoid Malignancies on Ibrutinib.." Open Forum Infect Dis 4, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw261.
Qi, Robert, Hwang-Soo Joo, Batu Sharma-Kuinkel, Nicholas R. Berlon, Lawrence Park, Chih-Lung Fu, Julia A. Messina, et al. "Increased in vitro phenol-soluble modulin production is associated with soft tissue infection source in clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.." J Infect 72, no. 3 (March 2016): 302–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2015.11.002.
Messina, Julia A., Eric Cober, Sandra S. Richter, Federico Perez, Robert A. Salata, Robert C. Kalayjian, Richard R. Watkins, et al. "Hospital Readmissions in Patients With Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.." Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 37, no. 3 (March 2016): 281–88. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2015.298.
Messina, Julia A., Joshua T. Thaden, Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel, and Vance G. Fowler. "Impact of Bacterial and Human Genetic Variation on Staphylococcus aureus Infections.." Plos Pathog 12, no. 1 (January 2016). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005330.
Thaden, Joshua T., Jessica E. Ericson, Heather Cross, Stephen P. Bergin, Julia A. Messina, Vance G. Fowler, Daniel K. Benjamin, et al. "Survival Benefit of Empirical Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections in Infants.." Pediatr Infect Dis J 34, no. 11 (November 2015): 1175–79. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000000850.
Berlon, Nicholas R., Robert Qi, Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel, Hwang-Soo Joo, Lawrence P. Park, Dennis George, Joshua T. Thaden, et al. "Clinical MRSA isolates from skin and soft tissue infections show increased in vitro production of phenol soluble modulins.." J Infect 71, no. 4 (October 2015): 447–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2015.06.005.
Bergin, Stephen P., Joshua T. Thaden, Jessica E. Ericson, Heather Cross, Julia Messina, Reese H. Clark, Vance G. Fowler, et al. "Neonatal Escherichia coli Bloodstream Infections: Clinical Outcomes and Impact of Initial Antibiotic Therapy.." Pediatr Infect Dis J 34, no. 9 (September 2015): 933–36. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000000769.


Currently Accepted Name: Sorindeia madagascariensis DC.
Locality: USA. Florida. Miami-Dade Co.: Matheson Hammock Park, 9610 Old Cutler Road; E of Old Cutler Road, just S of park entrance. T55S, R41E, Sec. 6.
Description: One tree, ca. 5 m tall, other individuals seen in several places in hammock W of Old Cutler Road; these plants are almost certainly recruits from planted specimens at the adjacent Fairchild Tropical Garden.


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Q: No event hub namespace visible in Azure Postgresql Database Diagnostic setting I'm trying to stream my Postgresql Logs to event hub. Whenever I open diagnostic setting I don't see 'No Namespace found' event after having Namespace created.
Attaching screenshot
PS : This step exactly worked to streaming Azure Web App logs to Event hub.
Thanks in advance.

A: I came across the same issue and found that the resource I was trying to add diagnostics to was in a different region than my Event Hub. I recreated the Event Hub in the same region as my resource and it showed up in the list.


The Pensions Authority is seeking to recruit a solicitor or barrister to contribute to the delivery of legal services in the Authority. This permanent post will be at the Higher Executive Officer grade within the Authority.
The deadline for applications is 12 noon Tuesday, 5 June 2018.
For further information in relation to this role and the application process, please click here.
The Pensions Authority is seeking to recruit a solicitor or barrister to contribute to the delivery of legal services in the Authority. The successful candidate must demonstrate the ability to operate effectively and independently at a senior level within the organisation. This temporary post will be at the Assistant Principal grade within the Authority and will report to the Head of Legal.