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Archive for category: Public health
Global Poverty, Health, India, Pollution, Public health, Technology, Water
Ro-Boats Are Cleaning Water Pollution
The Ganges is sprinkled with human excrement, idol remnants, raw sewage, industrial waste, ceremonial flowers coated with arsenic and even dead bodies. The New Yorker said the Ganges absorbs more than one billion gallons of waste each day making it among the 10 most polluted rivers in the world. The magazine said three-quarters of the waste is raw sewage and the remaining waste is treated industrial wastewater. The Indian government has attempted to clean up the Ganges several times over the last 30 years. Recently, Ro-Boats are cleaning water pollution instead of direct human intervention.
The Holy Water in Despair
The Ganges holds spiritual importance in Hinduism. The Ganges is considered the personification of the goddess Ganga – the goddess of purity and purification. Hindu men, women and children decorated in garlands and bright robes are common sights along the shores of the Ganges. They bathe, wash their clothes, defecate and dispose of the corpses of their loved ones. Hindus bathe in the Ganges for spiritual purification – releasing them from their sins and freeing them from the wheel of reincarnation. Bathing and drinking the waters of the Ganges pose a risk to its visitors' health. The current sewage levels of the Ganges spread a variety of diseases among the population including typhoid, cholera and amoebic dysentery.
The Indian government believes an automated water device solution, a fleet of robotic boats (Ro-Boats), may aid the clean-up of the Ganges. Ro-Boats are cleaning water pollution by being self-propelled riveting river raider robots that churn through water and collect and dispose of sewage and other waste.
Omnipresent Tech
Omnipresent Tech is the creator of the Ro-Boats. The Indian government gave Omnipresent a $200,000 contract to build up a fleet of these Ro-Boat vessels to clean up the river. The Indian government's investment in Omnipresent is part of its efforts to combat the waste level deposits of the Ganges. The Indian Government began the Ganges Action Plan in 2015. This plan is among the most recent of the decades-long efforts to clean up the river. Narenda Modi, the Prime Minister of India said, "The Ganges will be clean by 2019."
Omnipresent's official website claims the company is India's leading robotics, industrial UAV/Drone and Video Analytics solutions provider. Omnipresent produces industrial inspection drones, river cleaning robots, logistical robots emergency response drones and defense drones
Omnipresent also produces the drone software, as well as 3D modeling machine learning surveillance and a variety of other industrial and consumer high-tech. A Ro-Boat device costs $21,057.75 to build. The bots run without human intervention – neither during the day nor at night. The Ro-Boat has a capable arsenal. Each riveting river raider has fog lights, a pan-tilt-zoom camera, a solar-powered battery and twin-propelled engines
GPS commands guide the Ro-Boats. A drone that flies above the bot gives commands to the machine. The drone flies ahead, scouts debris and pollutants in the water and gives a signal to the Ro-Boat to drive over, scoop up and dispose of the waste. The drone also serves as a spy to catch companies spewing pollutants into the Ganges.
Ro-Boats are cleaning water pollution by collecting sewage through robotic arms and depositing the waste. The riveting river raider is capable of cleaning 200 tons within a 24-hour period. This means that the device could remove 1,400 tons of waste material from the Ganges with a week. Overture estimated that the bot could remove 200 tons from the Ganges in a year.
A Ro-Boat looks like the offspring of a dump truck and a fighting robot from the television competition "Robot Wars." Not only can Ro-Boats swim across the surface of the water and clean the waste floating on the river surface, but these self-propelled riveting river raiders can also submerge and dig out the river-bed lodged pollutants. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology declared the Ro-Boat to be among the top 20 innovations.
Currently, the Ganges remains filthy. Overture says that 1.3 billion gallons of untreated sewage continue to flood into the river each day. Finding vendors to create sewage treatment plants is also problematic. Land cost, bad management and bidding practices halt progress.
How the Ganges Can Get Help
One way to help is for the United States government and companies to invest money in Omnipresent Tech and the Indian government's waste infrastructure building projects. With enough support, these projects may purify India's Ganges river.
Purification will help India's poor who bathe in and drink the water of the Ganges. If the Ganges is clean, this should decrease the level of diseases in the country and prevent their spread. Investment in companies, such as Omnipresent, should aid the growth of India and increase the production of Ro-Boats. The increased production of Ro-Boats will demand a workforce to keep up with increased production and contribute to hiring, increasing poverty reduction among the Indian population. If successful, these riveting river raiders may be a key contribution to India's efforts to become a leader in the world economy.
– Robert Forsyth
January 8, 2020 /by Jenna Chrol
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French Guiana, Global Poverty, Health, Healthcare, Public health
Yellow Fever in French Guiana
French Guiana is a territory of France located on the northeastern coast of South America, bordering Suriname and Brazil. The territory has faced a history of oppression and neglect. Violent slave revolts shaped much of the land's early history, its use as a penal colony shaped its recent past. This neglect has led to an overall sense of struggle, with issues arising in nearly all sectors of life. This sense of struggle becomes increasingly visible when regarding the recent cases of yellow fever in French Guiana.
In August of 2017, a Brazilian woman in her 40s contracted yellow fever in French Guiana. She was living in a clandestine gold mining village in the area of the dam lake Petit Saut. On August 2, she reported a fever, vomiting, lumbar and abdominal pain and intense asthenia. Her relatives reportedly witnessed hemorrhagic symptoms. On August 7, she was admitted to a hospital in Kourou. On August 8, she experienced multi-organ failure and was rushed to the intensive care unit of a hospital in Cayenne, the capital city of French Guiana. There, she was treated with intensive supportive therapy but showed no positive response. On August 9, she passed away.
In August of 2018, a Swiss man in his 40s, living in a forested area near the river Comté, developed a fever, body aches and mild myalgia. On August 5, a day after his symptoms began, he sought out medical attention. He was sent away with the diagnosis of an acute, dengue-like viral infection. In the days that followed, he experienced vomiting, prostration and a persisting fever. He returned to seek medical attention at the Cayenne hospital. He was admitted into the intensive care unit on August 8, and shortly thereafter, on August 9, he was transferred to a specialized transplant center outside of Paris and received a hepatic transplant. On August 10, blood tests confirmed that he had contracted yellow fever in French Guiana. On August 30, he passed away.
Yellow fever is a virus transmitted by the Aedes and Haemogogus species of mosquitos, the same species responsible for the spreading of Zika and Dengue. Yellow fever is endemic in French Guiana. Many of the infected do not experience symptoms, but those who do typically report some combination of a fever, an aching in the back and head, a loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. A small percentage of those who do experience the initial wave of symptoms will later experience a second wave, referred to as the toxic phase. Those in the toxic phase will likely experience the development of jaundice, a darkening of the urine, vomiting and abdominal pain. Approximately half of all those who enter the toxic phase will die within seven to 10 days.
The endemic status of yellow fever in French Guiana says volumes on the state of the territory as a whole. Although there have been improvements in vaccination rates, with an estimated 80 to 90 percent of the population receiving the yellow fever vaccine, a lack of infrastructure and health care options thoroughly ostracize those living in more rural settings.
Some communities, such as Maripasula, the most isolated town in French Guiana and France as a whole, takes three days to reach. One must travel by boat down the Amazon. The people of Maripasula have long demanded a road be put in, but as of now, no road exists. This greatly reduces their ability to combat fast-acting diseases such as yellow fever.
The government that rules over French Guiana is the same that rules mainland France, and yet, the GDP of those living in French Guiana is roughly half that of their European counterparts. A shocking 40 percent of citizens live in poverty, and over 20 percent are unemployed.
In 2018, USA Today listed France as the 24th richest country in the world.
The disparity in income and quality of life between mainland France and French Guiana is drastic, to say the least. In 2017, French Guiana was overcome with protests and social unrest, with many of its citizens participating in mass strikes. The French government apologized for its neglectful treatment of French Guiana and promised to allocate 3 billion euros to the South American territory. This money was meant to be dispersed throughout a variety of sectors, with healthcare and education at the forefront. As of May 2019, this monetary promise remains largely unfulfilled.
– Austin Brown
November 21, 2019 /by Lynsey Alexander
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Bosnia and Herzegovina, Environment, Global Poverty, Public health, Sanitation
10 Facts About Sanitation in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Public health outcomes and economic status both rely greatly on a nation's sanitation infrastructure. Sanitation encompasses the regular, efficient and safe collection and disposal of waste, whatever its source. Improper procedures and insufficient waste management facilities have led to poor sanitation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but recent efforts show promising improvements. Below are 10 facts about sanitation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The political system in Bosnia and Herzegovina divides waste management responsibilities among different levels of governance. Responsibility for environmental policy, including sanitation policy, lies with both the federal government and the two political entities of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic Srpska, but not with the cantonal and municipal governments. The two entities and their constituent cantons formulate laws and regulations for waste management, while these two levels of government work share the responsibility of designing management strategies with municipal governments.
At the federal level, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations (MoFTER) oversees and manages international initiatives and accords that involve the political entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since the enactment of the Law on Ministries and Other Bodies of Administration of BiH in March 2003, MoFTER's role also includes ensuring that the political entities follow basic environmental standards. As a result, the political entities do not have absolute power when it comes to environmental policy, with MoFTER acting as a harmonizing and coordinating force.
The country's two political entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, both suffer from a severe lack of operable wastewater treatment plants. Only two of Republika Srpska's 64 municipalities have treatment facilities. Though the country improved biological treatment processes in 2009, the quality of these methods declined the following year.
In 2016, Bosnia and Herzegovina produced approximately 1,243,889 tons of municipal waste. This quantity measures out to an estimated 354 kg per year and 0.97 kg each day. Landfills received 952,975 tons of waste that year, a 1 percent decline from 2015. Public solid waste transportation disposed of approximately 920,748 tons of waste in 2016, a 0.1 percent reduction from 2015. The vast majority of waste in the country came from markets, street cleaning and other public sources. Packaging waste made up only 1.9 percent of waste in 2016, and household waste only constituted another 3.6 percent. Recreational areas, such as gardens and parks, generated only 2.8 percent of waste. Mixed municipal waste made up all of the remaining 91.7 percent, more than 844,000 metric tons.
Registered local landfills serve as the endpoint for the majority of publicly-collected waste, but rural areas with little access to public collection services discard their waste in the far-more-common illegal landfills which do not follow sanitation standards. There are only 43 registered landfills in Republika Srpska and 44 in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but nearly 590 known illegal landfills. In legal and illegal dumping alike, the separation of hazardous and non-hazardous materials rarely occurs, posing a significant problem for public health in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The unsafe conditions in a residential landfill in the city of Mostar, in southern Bosnia and Herzegovina, provoked protests in 2019. Although it has existed since the 1960s as a landfill for household waste, recently it has allowed companies to dump dangerous waste products and sewage treatment sludge. Locals deeply concerned by news that the waste might contain hazardous toxins called PCBs prompted Mostar authorities to initiate an investigation.
Despite some legislative efforts to follow the EU's environmental standards, garbage pollutes Bosnia and Herzegovina's rivers. The civil war in the 1990s resulted in the neglect of the country's waste management infrastructure. A scarcity of recycling facilities has led to trash islands that now clog the country's rivers. Locals report that organizations remove an estimated 800,000 tons of trash from the Drina river alone every year.
In 2018, public waste utility KJKP Rad announced the planned construction of a recycling facility for electronic and electrical waste in Sarajevo, the country's capital. The facility will also accept the city's solid waste, construction waste and even soil. A hall containing presses and conveyor belts will process the waste brought by Sarajevo locals. Though electrical and electronic waste collection companies already exist, KJKP Rad's new facility will be the first in the country to recycle waste deposited on site.
In October 2019, the Sarajevo Canton Assembly discussed the creation of a waste incinerator as a solution to the canton's waste management issues. Though the facility's construction cost approximately 122.8 million euros, the incineration of waste would not only improve sanitation but also efficiently generate energy for the city. This prospective facility would greatly relieve the burden on the Smiljevići regional waste management center and would be one more step toward improving Bosnia and Herzegovina's waste management and sanitation.
International attention is also being directed at sanitation problems in Bosnia and Herzegovina. An initiative to improve the country's waste management infrastructure with support from the Swedish development agency SIDA and the World Bank began in 2016 and offers several strategies to improve the system. Proposed policies include the design of a more feasible data-reporting system, expanding the trash collection fleet, designing and implementing better organized and less expensive waste collection systems, ensuring greater stakeholder involvement in waste management initiatives, improved communication with citizens, implementation of environmental taxes and even tariff reform. With additional time and data, authorities hope that these strategies will improve sanitation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Since gaining independence in the 1990s, sanitation in Bosnia and Herzegovina has remained a problem. Public health hazards that also threaten economic stability emerged from the neglect that comes with political upheaval. Nevertheless, efforts made to address current shortcomings, such as the construction of new recycling and incineration facilities, herald a brighter future for sanitation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
– Philip Daniel Glass
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Jennifer Philipp https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Jennifer Philipp2019-11-16 01:30:572020-01-08 14:57:4510 Facts About Sanitation in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Children, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ebola, Global Poverty, Public health
Care for Children with Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
In July 2019, there were 750 reported cases of Ebola among children. This is in comparison to 20 percent dating back to prior epidemics. Children are particularly vulnerable to contracting Ebola and require special care to treat the disease. Also in July 2019, about one-third of children have accounted for the nearly 1,700 people who lost their lives to Ebola since August 2018 in The Democratic Republic of Congo. Additionally this month, over 2,500 individuals have been diagnosed with the illness. The nation has begun working with the World Health Organization (WHO) along with other health advocacy organizations such as UNICEF to help cure Ebola.
Children and Ebola: The Numbers
Children under age five are at the highest risk and often suffer the worst symptoms. Out of the 750 cases reported, 40 percent of children under age five were diagnosed with Ebola. Young children are also most likely to die from this disease, as their fatality rate is 77 percent. This is in comparison to 67 percent for other age groups.
Symptoms and Treatments
Manifestations of Ebola encompass fever, headache, diarrhea, and sometimes blood vessel discharges. Prompt detection and sufficient medication are effective in curing the disease.
Because children are more susceptible to contracting Ebola and due to the difference in symptoms in comparison to adults, children with Ebola require differentiated medical care.
Medical personnel has articulated that special treatments are necessary for children suffering from Ebola. They require different and exclusive treatments to focus on children's individual psychological and social requirements.
Treatments for children with Ebola consist of the same drugs that are used to treat other age groups. Of course, distinct quantities differ. Young children also receive zinc to cure diarrhea and intestinal parasite infections as well. Undernourished children must receive different medication. For example, they are given food that is precisely manufactured for their needs.
Orphaned and Abandoned Children
Hundreds of children are either orphaned or abandoned due to their parents becoming infected with Ebola. UNICEF has organized nursery settings in conjunction with treatment centers. Survivors even serve as caregivers.
Children whose parents have been diagnosed or die from Ebola are at an increased risk of being condemned and forsaken, as their chances are much higher of contracting the disease. Within the treatment centers, all patients undergo examinations on a daily basis.
For orphan children, The Democratic Republic of Congo works to set up arrangements with other family members for the child to live. Additionally, the country is providing nutrient guidelines and covering the cost of fees to allow children to attend school.
Specialized Care for Children
Pediatricians work with children within the Ebola Treatment Centers to deliver focused treatments for children with Ebola. Treatment is based on the patients' individual needs. Every child that has lost parents to Ebola, or has been separated as a result of their illness, receives specialized care. They are cared for by Ebola survivors who provide comfort. They also transport the child to visit their parents receiving medical care at the Ebola Treatment Centers. In addition, counselors are also present to provide support to families throughout the duration of their treatment.
Nutritionists are also present in the treatment centers to deliver personalized nutrient guidelines to those who are likely to have the disease, as well as those who have been diagnosed already. As a result of these health innovations, these types of care have proven to improve sufferers' conditions.
International Intervention to Eliminate Ebola
Save the Children is a nonprofit organization that began in the United Kingdom in 1919. Their goal is to advance children's lives in various aspects, such as education, healthcare and employment. Additionally, the organization supplies relief in response to natural disasters and war.
WHO, in conjunction with Save the Children has declared the current Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo to be a public health emergency of international concern. Due to the outbreak duration of nearly one year, further actions are being implemented to eliminate further cases of Ebola and to provide treatment for children with Ebola. It is predicted that if the outbreak of Ebola continues, the surrounding countries will be affected as well.
Several hundreds of government officials and health personnel are working to cure those infected by the disease and prevent further cases. Save the Children is promoting advocacy efforts in curing Ebola through communal action and informational sessions. These efforts are to ensure that all age groups are informed of prevention practices.
Since the beginning of the current epidemic, Save the Children has provided one million individuals with advice relating to symptom detection and how to prevent the spread of Ebola. Health workers receive training on how to treat those infected with Ebola. Patients are separated and the disease is then traced. Save the Children also educates the public about the disease.
Save the Children has also delivered various supplies to health practices and border crossings in addition to establishing sanitation facilities in order to decrease further infections and to provide treatments for children with Ebola.
Bringing Hope to Children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Thanks to international intervention and specialized care, children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are receiving the treatment they need to fight against Ebola. There is still much to be done, but as long as aid efforts continue, there is hope for these children's futures.
– Diana Dopheide
August 17, 2019 /by Kim Thelwell
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Kim Thelwell https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Kim Thelwell2019-08-17 16:33:292019-11-26 13:57:38Care for Children with Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Child Mortality, Clean Water Access, Global Poverty, Health, Health care, Healthcare, Kenya, Life Expectancy, Public health
10 Facts About Life Expectancy in Kenya
Located on the mid-eastern coast of Africa, the nation of Kenya is home to more than 50 million people. Despite the country's strong tourism industry, which centers around internationally renowned landmarks such as the Musai Mara National Reserve, it still struggles with issues pertaining to extreme poverty.
One of the main effects resulting from this poverty is a very low life expectancy rate. The inverse relationship between wealth and life expectancy is largely due to the nature of poverty. For instance, the inability to see a doctor, access contraception, buy medicine, etc. all compound the chances of early mortality. Poverty has impacts beyond general health too, like exposing people dis-proportionally to unsafe living conditions.
This informs the reality in Kenya, where people over the age of 65 make up only 2.7 percent of the population, and the average life expectancy is only 59 years. Here are 10 facts about life expectancy in Kenya to help explain why that number is so low.
High poverty rates: More than 50 percent of people live below the poverty line. In addition, in Kenya, 40 percent of people live on less than two dollars a day.
High child mortality rates: The under 5 mortality rate in Kenya lands at 85 deaths per 1,000 births. This number is dramatically higher than the global average of 40. This is a huge issue, as the World Bank claims the number one way to increase life expectancy is to reduce child mortality.
Number of physicians: There is one doctor for every 10,000 people in Kenya. In addition, the country's health care system has historically been dysfunctional. This manifested into a 100-day strike in 2017 by doctors over poor working conditions and pay. It was followed, late that year, by a nurse's strike for similar reasons. This has led to overloaded and under-resourced facilities, which dis-incentivizes people to go into the field.
Lack of admittance to public hospitals: Because of the disorganization in the public health system, almost no patients get admitted into Kenya's public health facilities. This creates an especially tremendous impact on the maternal mortality rate, as women do not have access to proper birthing spaces. This is one unfortunate truth in the 10 facts about life expectancy in Kenya.
Lack of medical student retention: The presence of a broken health care system establishes a negative image of the medical field in Kenya. Therefore, 40 percent of Kenyans who graduate with medical degrees choose to find work elsewhere. This furthers the national shortage, preventing millions of people from having access to medical needs.
Lack of access to clean water: While millions of people in first world countries do not stop to think about how much water they use on a daily basis, around 60 percent of Kenyans do not have access to clean water. Thus, there is an extremely high nationwide risk of contracted water-borne diseases such as malaria, cholera and typhoid fever.
No universal health care system: Kenya's government does not offer a universal health care system, so millions of people are uninsured. On account of this, many avoid clinical care–which is oftentimes necessary. Under this system, small treatable issues tend to develop into potentially fatal diseases.
Poorly kept health facilities: Since the government lacks adequate funding to keep the hospitals clean and sanitary, many fall into disrepair. Additionally, the lack of resources creates a shortage of medical equipment and a poorly operated management system.
Kenya Quality Model for Health: In 2018, Germany's Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development partnered with the group Amref Health Africa to create a set of national health standards called the Kenya Quality Model for Health. Currently, workers are being trained in KQMH nationwide in over 47 facilities, while they receive monthly visits from Amref trainers. This program will hopefully improve the quality of care in Kenya and in turn life expectancy.
Expansive treatment measures are being implemented: The lack of health care access mainly centers around rural western Kenya, where transportation is frequently an issue. In 2018, the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) joined with the Abbott Fund to help solve this problem. The partnership has trained more than 1,000 workers to deliver doses of insulin to people with diabetes mainly in western Kenya. They have also invested $5 million to screen people for diabetes and provide them with the proper medical instruments. This unique approach to health care will hopefully expand to other treatments, decreasing the number of people who do not receive care.
– Liam Manion
July 28, 2019 /by Kim Thelwell
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Cholera, Civil War, Global Poverty, Healthcare, Public health, War, War and Violence, Yemen
10 Facts about Health care in Yemen
Yemen is currently in the midst of a violent civil war. The war has had a destabilizing effect on Yemen's health care system. The Yemeni people face high rates of malnutrition, a cholera epidemic and a lack of access to necessary medical resources. This article provides 10 facts about health care in Yemen, the war's effect on health care and the role of foreign aid in addressing the country's health problems.
Because medical facilities in Yemen lack access to necessary resources like clean water, diseases that are treatable elsewhere become deadly. Approximately 80 percent of Yemeni people are malnourished, forced to drink unclean water and cannot afford health care, making them more susceptible to diphtheria, cholera and other diseases. The current civil war has also been greatly destructive to infrastructure and health care in Yemen.
Bombing frequently damages hospitals in Yemen and it is difficult for hospitals to maintain electricity and running water in the midst of airstrikes. Continuous fighting leaves little time to address structural damage and meet the needs of the Yemeni people. Families are often required to bring the sick and injured to hospitals without the aid of ambulances. All but one of Yemen's 22 provinces are affected by fighting.
Within less than a year of fighting in Yemen, airstrikes hit 39 hospitals. Troops from both sides of the conflict blocked outside access to the country, preventing the flow of medicine needed to treat diseases, such as cholera. This puts the Yemeni people, especially children, at risk; 144 children die from treatable diseases daily and more than 1 million children are starving or malnourished.
Yemen's rural populations lack easy access to hospitals and medical care. Rural facilities, such as those in the northern mountains, cannot provide adequate food to patients. The lack of food in many hospitals prevents successful treatment of malnourishment.
The cholera epidemic began in Yemen in 2016, a year after the beginning of the civil war. By 2017, the disease spread rapidly. In 2019, cholera is still a serious problem in the country. It caused 2,500 deaths in Yemen within the first five months of 2019.
Nearly one million cases of cholera were reported by the end of 2017. Yemen's cholera outbreak is more severe than any other outbreak of the disease since 1949. Poor water filtration and sanitation triggered the outbreak's severity.
Around 80 percent of Yemen's population, including 12 million children, require aid. During the first half of 2019, cases of cholera in children rose dramatically. 109,000 cases of cholera in children were reported between January and March of 2019. Nearly 35 percent of these cases were found in children below the age of 5.
Between 2015 and 2018, Doctors Without Borders provided aid to 973,000 emergency room patients in Yemen. Volunteers for Doctors Without Borders treated about 92,000 patients injured by violence related to the war, treated 114,646 cases of cholera and treated 14,370 cases of malnutrition. Doctors Without Borders provides vital support to the health care system in Yemen.
USAID cooperates with UNICEF and WHO to provide health care aid to Yemen, with a special emphasis on the health of mothers, infants and children. In 2017, USAID trained 360 health care workers at 180 facilities to treat child health problems. The facilities also received necessary resources from USAID. They also work with the U.N. Development Program to improve working conditions throughout Yemen, including the health care sector.
During the 2018-19 fiscal year, USAID provided $720,854,296 in aid to Yemen. This aid funded a variety of projects, such as repaired water stations to ensure improved access to clean water. The U.S. also funds WASH, a program intended to improve access to water, sanitation and hygiene. The ultimate goal of WASH is to improve health care in Yemen, especially for the rural poor.
Yemen's health care system is in dire need of aid. The country's government, overwhelmed by war, cannot serve the medical needs of its people, especially in light of the ongoing cholera epidemic. The efforts of USAID and other relief organizations can provide the support that Yemen's health care system needs at this time.
– Emelie Fippin
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Kim Thelwell https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Kim Thelwell2019-07-25 11:20:002019-12-03 10:47:2910 Facts about Health care in Yemen
Global Education, Global health, Global Poverty, Health, Health care, Healthcare, Public health
Teethsavers International: Promoting Oral Health
Teethsavers International is a nonprofit organization focused on caring for children in developing countries by promoting a healthy smile, thereby improving overall health. Their primary purpose is to teach children, adults and educators about dental techniques that are simple, inexpensive and realistic considering a lack of normal dental equipment.
The phrase "teach a few to teach many" is Teethsavers International's motto. Their strategy to reach as many children as possible is to teach a few people from each country, so that they may educate to their own villages.
Teethsavers International took it upon themselves to come up with their own techniques and ways to educate on oral hygiene, in order to effectively reach as many as possible. Their desire to facilitate change is clear when comparing their expenses in developing countries to those of the U.S.
For example, dental school in the U.S. for four years can cost $110,000 while Teethsavers dental school costs $2,500 for one year. A tooth filling in the U.S. costs $75 where a Teethsavers Atraumatic Restorative Filling (ART) is two dollars.
These realistic techniques are paramount for these educators to understand. There is an extremely large amount of children unable to receive any kind of dental care, leading to many oral diseases, including tooth decay and gum diseases. Tooth decay is the single most chronic childhood disease, as it is 20 times more common than diabetes and four times more common than early childhood obesity.
To put in perspective the importance of educating people in developing countries, consider the ratios of dentists to patients around the globe. Compared with the U.S., where there is one dentist to every 1,900 people, in Belize there is one to 7,100 people, in Zambia there is one to every 57,000 people and in Malawi there is one to every 105,000 people.
Local Impact
Recently, Teethsavers International ventured to a primary school in Kabwabwa. They used songs, visual dialogue and interactive activities to teach the children and their parents about the importance of oral hygiene and how a person's mouth is truly the "window" to their overall physical health.
The Teethsavers International Director, Fred Sambani, directly spoke to the primary school, as well as helping pass out toothbrushes, and the school was very thankful. The Kabwabwa Primary school head teacher, Joyce Mgusha said "We are very happy that they have distributed toothpaste and toothbrushes to pupils. These instruments will motivate them to clean their teeth and have good health. When pupils are in good health they tend to perform well in class."
Teethsavers is a wonderful organization with a vision and they are effectively taking steps to facilitate change by creating happy and healthy smiles.
– Emilie Cieslak
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Kim Thelwell https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Kim Thelwell2019-07-24 14:30:552019-08-27 08:37:56Teethsavers International: Promoting Oral Health
Global Poverty, Mexico, Public health, Taxes
How the Soda Tax in Mexico is Reducing Obesity
Type 2 diabetes recently became one of the leading causes of death in Mexico. The number of diabetes-related deaths will continue to rise. Furthermore, scientists have predicted that at least half of Mexico's population will have diabetes by 2050. Conditions such as being overweight and obesity have strong links to the development of Type 2 diabetes. In response to the growing health concerns associated with obesity and diabetes, the soda tax in Mexico has been implemented to reduce liquid sugar consumption and promote healthier lifestyle choices.
Tax on Soda
Mexico has historically been a top consumer of sugar-sweetened beverages. In 2012, the average person consumed 176 liters per year. Mexico made the world's top consumer of soda per capita.
The popularity of sugary drinks has come with negative consequences. As soda consumption rose, the number of people suffering from obesity and diabetes in Mexico also increased. While sugar-sweetened beverages were not the only drivers of the weight-related problems plaguing the country, they did receive the most attention from health officials.
In 2014, Mexico began taxing all sugar-sweetened drinks. The tax roughly increased the price of the sugary drinks by one peso per liter. The purpose behind the soda tax was twofold:
Reduce the consumption of liquid sugar that contributed to high obesity and diabetes rates.
Increase funding for public health-based programs to promote healthy lifestyle choices.
Mexico's Struggle with Diabetes
The soda tax in Mexico was an important step in the country's fight against diabetes. In 2018, a report found that nearly one-third of the Mexican population was living with diabetes. The most common form diagnosed was Type 2 diabetes, which causes blood glucose (sugar) levels to be higher than normal. The exact cause remains unclear, but obesity was strongly linked to the development of Type 2 diabetes.
Link Between Obesity and Diabetes
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that a healthy diet includes the consumption of about 2,000 calories per day. The average Mexican adult consumes over 3,000 calories per day. Mexico has one of the highest obesity rates in the world. The number of Mexican adults suffering from obesity rose from 20.5 million in 2012 to 24.3 million in 2016.
Food insecurity and undernourishment were the leading causes of obesity, especially among the poor. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) found that unreliable access to food contributed to multiple health conditions. In addition, much of the food produced in Mexico was high in carbs and fats. Mexican farmers favored crops that were cheap and easy to grow (like corn) instead of focusing on their nutritional value. Consequently, the average Mexican diet has higher carbs and fats than recommended.
The poor have been the most vulnerable to obesity. A study found that poor communities had obesity rates 145 percent greater than wealthy communities. The stress of food insecurity and undernourishment impair the poor from making the best food choices for their health."When household resources for food become scarce, people choose less expensive foods that are often high in calories and low in nutrients," explained the FAO.
Did the Soda Tax Work?
Diabetes has no cure. While medication is a big part of treatment, most doctors recommend a lifestyle change for diabetics looking to keep their blood glucose levels under control. The "Soda Tax" sought to help with the lifestyle change by saving people who avoided sugary drinks money.
Since 2014, the sales of sugar-sweetened beverages have dropped throughout Mexico. Sales dropped by 5.5 percent the first year. By the second year, sales were down by 9.7 percent. The sales of untaxed beverages increased by about 2 percent. However, the calorie intake of the average person has remained unchanged.
– Paola Nuñez
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Kim Thelwell https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Kim Thelwell2019-07-22 07:54:192019-11-21 12:48:27How the Soda Tax in Mexico is Reducing Obesity
Children, GAVI, Global Poverty, Public health, Vaccines
Pneumococcal Vaccine Price Drops for Third Year
On March 14, 2019, the vaccination company Pfizer, in partnership with Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance reduced the price of the pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) to $2.90 per dose for eligible countries. Gavi's mission since 2000 has been to "improve access to new and underused vaccines for children living in the world's poorest countries". Public and private sectors fund the creation and distribution of important vaccines in 73 developing countries partnered with Gavi.
The Benefit of Price Drops
In 2017, the price of a single dose PCV was $3.30. However, as a result of negotiations between Pfizer and Gavi there have been three pneumococcal vaccine price drops since January 2017. It is expected to save developing countries $4.1 million this year. Dr. Seth Berkley, the CEO of Gavi says "pneumonia remains the single largest cause of death for children worldwide and [the] pneumococcal vaccine is one of our largest weapons against it". The price drop comes at a pivotal time.
PCV is a Priority
PCV takes as long as 15 years to reach developing countries that need it the most. Whereas the vaccine is already easily accessible and widespread in industrialized nations. Vaccines have not been easily accessible in developing nations. They are expensive and difficult to distribute effectively in nations lacking funds and resources. The focus is on different areas. For example, the proportion of developing countries' exports that is needed to service their overseas debt rose from 11 percent in 1970 to 18 percent in 1996, while overseas aid from the U.S. plummeted $14 billion. With the drop in PCV pricing, developing countries can invest in their public health.
The value of vaccines as a long-term investment for developing countries is leading to pneumococcal vaccine price drops. Vaccinating the youth population of developing countries, according to Gavi, creates a "virtuous cycle".
The Cycle Follows This Order of Cause and Effect
Children have vaccines before the age of two
These children are likely to be healthier and live longer
Children have fewer and less serious illnesses
This leads to lower care costs for health systems and family
Which means more family money available to spend or save
Children will attend school more, fueling better outcomes
A family's economic outlook will strengthen based on these outcomes
Birth rates drop and mother's health improves
A community becomes more economically stable and productive
Contributing to politically and economically stable countries
By looking at the cost-benefit analyses for vaccinations, scientists are able to see this "virtuous cycle" in action. A study, conducted by the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey in 1975, took data from a sample of Filipino children. Researchers compared test scores of children who received six vaccines in their first two years versus those that did not. The study reveals the association of immunization with improved IQ scores, language and mathematics tests. Untreated childhood illness can impair cognitive development.
Developing countries often have large obstacles to face such as food scarcity, a lack of widespread education and low GDPs. Investing in vaccines is a long-term solution that will benefit the economic, health, societal and governmental sectors of these nations. With the pneumococcal vaccine price drops, this seems to be an attainable reality for developing countries.
– Meredith Breda
June 20, 2019 /by Kim Thelwell
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Kim Thelwell https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Kim Thelwell2019-06-20 08:31:342019-06-20 08:31:34Pneumococcal Vaccine Price Drops for Third Year
Economy, Employment, Global Poverty, Health care, Healthcare, HIV/AIDS, Housing, Public health, Trinidad and Tobago
Top 10 Facts About Living Conditions in Trinidad and Tobago
North of the coast of Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago is a wondrous country with elements that make the island unique. Living conditions in Trinidad and Tobago are bewildering due to its economic growth and the risks of HIV. There are many factors that affect living conditions on this island that make it whole. These are the top 10 facts about living conditions in Trinidad and Tobago.
Trinidad and Tobago is regarded as one of the wealthiest countries in the Caribbean due to its oil reserves and rich resources which help boost the economy in great ways. It is also regarded as one of the top three wealthiest countries in the Americas because of the amount of oil and gas throughout the island allowing for the economy to thrive and helping people live well throughout the island.
Public healthcare is provided for free for citizens on the island, but there are private healthcare providers that can be paid for if it is affordable. There are numerous healthcare centers established around the island making it easily accessible for the citizens in Trinidad and Tobago.
Although the economy has seen a significant boost since its independence in the 1960s, 26 percent of the population is living in poverty, surviving on less than $2.75 a day.
Education is free to children between the ages of 5 and 16. There are private institutions that citizens can pay for but public education provides children with free transportation, books, and meals while in school giving children the opportunity to learn effectively.
Trinidad and Tobago suffer from an increase in crime rates compared to 2016. There has been a 5.5 percent increase in crime rates, which are mostly violent crimes including murder and robbery.
Trinidad and Tobago have a rich cultural life throughout the island celebrating historical African music, dance and literature.
Housing has become a primary concern throughout the country due to the increasing population throughout the island. Many people struggle to find housing in urban areas due to the increasing shortage of land and high construction costs.
Housing conditions vary throughout the urban and rural areas of Trinidad and Tobago. Families in rural areas usually inhabit wooden huts and have various family types where women are typically the head of the household.
The unemployment rate has reached its lowest in 2015 with a rate of 3.5 percent. It has seen a significant decrease since the 90s where it was 17.2 percent.
HIV has become a prevalent disease affecting a large amount of the population. Nearly 11,000 people are living with HIV but with access to free public health care, nearly 75 percent of the population is receiving treatment for the disease.
Trinidad and Tobago is experiencing great economic growth due to the vast amount of resources and has seen progress regarding education and health care but still see issues regarding diseases, housing and poverty. Although these may be factors that can affect the country negatively, Trinidad and Tobago have the potential to combat these elements to help the country thrive. These are the top 10 facts about living conditions in Trinidad and Tobago.
– Elijah Jackson
June 17, 2019 /by Allegra Upton
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Allegra Upton https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Allegra Upton2019-06-17 18:23:112019-12-18 13:55:45Top 10 Facts About Living Conditions in Trinidad and Tobago


Once a house, through décor becomes a home. We love to warm everyone's nest with just the right scenery, setting, and theme through decoration. The Nesting Chicks enjoy marrying form with function and style with comfort. We hope you will discover that unique item that will accent your own nest with the perfect décor.


To join us you need to be a driven, curious, hard working, thoughtful, resourceful, uninhibited, and creative designer.
We're looking for people who want to make a real difference to everyday lives and everyday products for everyday people.
We recruit talented individuals with all levels of experience, but we do have an altruistic agenda to provide opportunities for recently qualified designers in an environment that enables them to thrive.


It's been a day -- or week, month -- of performance monitoring.
I'm posting this while sitting in an excellent OSCON tutorial on Linux System and Network Performance Monitoring, by Darren Hoch. It's full of great information and I'm sure his web site is equally useful.
And it's a great extension to topic that's been occupying me over the past few months: performance tracking to slim down software that might be slowing a Linux system down. That's the topic of one of my two OSCON talks this Wednesday: "Featherweight Linux: How to turn a netbook or older laptop into a Ferrari." Although I don't go into anywhere near the detail Darren does, a lot of the principles are the same, and I know I'll find a use for a lot of his techniques. The talk also includes a free bonus tourist tip for San Jose visitors.
Today's Linux Planet article is related to my Featherweight talk: What's Bogging Down Your Linux PC? Tracking Down Resource Hogs. Usually they publish my articles on Thursdays, but I asked for an early release since it's related to tomorrow's talk.
For anyone at OSCON in San Jose, I hope you can come to Featherweight late Wednesday afternoon, or to my other talk, Wednesday just after lunch, "Bug Fixing for Everyone (even non-programmers!)" where I'll go over the steps programmers use while fixing bugs, and show that anyone can fix simple bugs even without any prior knowledge of programming.


You are familiar with and feel fairly confident using all major tenses (present, passé composé, imparfait, plus-que-parfait, futur simple, conditionnel).
You have the basic grammatical framework necessary to express yourself, but may be missing the little extras that could make your speech that much richer and subtler. Confirmé is the push you need to be fully on the road to fluency, and to be able to follow a lively conversation amongst a group of native speakers.
As with Apprenti and Intermédiaire, we'll conduct this class mostly in French.
If you're ready to take your French to the next level, sign up for le Confirmé.


text:
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics (63)
Jea, Andrew (48)
Whitehead, William E. (33)
Curry, Daniel J. (18)
Briceño, Valentina (13)
Kestle, John R. W. (10)
Riva-Cambrin, Jay (10)
Hwang, Steven W. (9)
Kulkarni, Abhaya V. (9)
Wellons, John C. (9)
Lam, Sandi K. (8)
Simon, Tamara D. (8)
Drake, James M. (7)
Hadley, Caroline (7)
Holubkov, Richard (7)
Oakes, W. Jerry (7)
Sayama, Christina (7)
Lam, Sandi (6)
Ryan, Sheila L. (6)
Walker, Marion L. (6)
Bollo, Robert J. (5)
Brayton, Alison (5)
Dauser, Robert C. (5)
Fulkerson, Daniel H. (5)
Limbrick, David D. (5)
Shannon, Chevis N. (5)
Browd, Samuel R. (4)
Chamoun, Roukoz B. (4)
Chern, Joshua J. (4)
Fox, Benjamin D. (4)
Gressot, Loyola V. (4)
Illner, Anna (4)
Johnson, Keyne K. (4)
Pan, I-Wen (4)
Patel, Akash J. (4)
Rozzelle, Curtis (4)
Tamber, Mandeep S. (4)
Browd, Samuel (3)
Drake, James (3)
Relyea, Katherine (3)
Strickland, Ben A. (3)
Thomas, Jonathan G. (3)
Ackerman, Laurie L. (2)
Bapuraj, J. Rajiv (2)
Bauer, David F. (2)
Boaz, Joel C. (2)
Brookshier, Jim (2)
Cherian, Jacob (2)
Cheshier, Samuel (2)
Chintagumpala, Murali (2)
Cochrane, D. Douglas (2)
Curry, Daniel (2)
Daniels, Bradley (2)
Desai, Sohum K. (2)
DiLuna, Michael L. (2)
Fahim, Daniel K. (2)
Feroze, Abdullah (2)
Foreman, Nicholas (2)
Ghatan, Saadi (2)
Gholamin, Sharareh (2)
You are looking at 41 - 50 of 63 items for :
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Left thorascopic sympathectomy for refractory long QT syndrome in children
Steven W. Hwang, Jonathan G. Thomas, William E. Whitehead, Daniel J. Curry, Robert C. Dauser, Eugene S. Kim, Thomas G. Luerssen and Andrew Jea
Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a rare genetic ion transmembrane disorder that has been associated with multiple various genetic mutations including life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. Left thorascopic sympathectomy is an effective treatment for patients who are refractory to medical therapy or who need frequent epicardial internal cardiodefibrillator intervention. Although there is substantial literature about this therapy in adults, few reports detail the outcomes in children who undergo left thorascopic sympathectomies to treat LQTS.
The authors report the successful use of a left thoracic sympathectomy for the treatment of an 11-year-old girl who had persistently symptomatic LQTS, even after implantation of an automatic cardioverter-defibrillator. The patient remained clinically stable without arrhythmias through 6 months' of follow-up.
The authors also reviewed the relevant literature and found that it suggests that 77% of patients will have immediate resolution of their symptoms/arrhythmias after the procedure. When the outcome definition was broadened to include patients who had only 1 or 2 cardiac episodes in the follow-up period, 88% of cases were considered successful. The results of this case study and literature review suggest that left thorascopic sympathectomy is a safe and effective approach for treating pediatric patients with LQTS.
In Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Volume 8 (2011): Issue 5 (Nov 2011)
Amenorrhea complicating endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the pediatric age group
Report of 2 cases
Steven W. Hwang, George Al-Shamy, William E. Whitehead, Daniel J. Curry, Robert Dauser, Thomas G. Luerssen and Andrew Jea
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is an accepted option in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus in children and is considered by many pediatric neurosurgeons to be the treatment of choice in this population. The procedure involves perforation of the floor of the third ventricle, specifically, the tuber cinereum, which is part of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of cerebral endocrine regulation. Endocrine dysfunction, such as amenorrhea, weight gain, and precocious puberty, which are recognized only months to years after the procedure, may be underreported because patients and physicians may not relate the endocrine sequelae to the ETV. Few detailed reports of endocrinerelated complications following ETV exist to better understand these issues. In this study, the authors add to the literature with case descriptions of and correlative laboratory findings in 2 adolescent girls who underwent ETV for obstructive hydrocephalus and in whom amenorrhea subsequently developed.
In Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Volume 8 (2011): Issue 3 (Sep 2011)
Kyphectomy in patients with myelomeningocele treated with pedicle screw–only constructs: case reports and review
Steven W. Hwang, Jonathan G. Thomas, Todd J. Blumberg, William E. Whitehead, Daniel J. Curry, Robert C. Dauser, Thomas G. Luerssen and Andrew Jea
Significant lumbar kyphosis is frequently observed in patients with myelomeningocele and has been associated with increasing functional impairment, decreased abdominal volume, respiratory impairment, discomfort, and skin ulcerations overlying the prominent gibbus. Treatment of severe kyphotic deformities can include kyphectomy, with or without ligation of the thecal sac, with posterior spinal fixation. However, most series have reported a high rate of morbidity and complications associated with surgical intervention for correction of kyphosis in patients with myelomeningocele. The authors describe a technique in which pedicle screw (PS)–only constructs are used without transection of the thecal sac to treat severe kyphosis successfully, with minimal morbidity.
The authors retrospectively reviewed medical records and radiographic images in 2 patients with myelomeningoceles in whom kyphectomies had been performed at the authors' institution between January 2007 and July 2010. They also reviewed the existing literature for case reports or published series of patients with myelomeningocele treated with kyphectomies, to evaluate the outcomes.
Both patients were male and had thoracic-level myelomeningoceles that had been repaired at birth, with associated paraplegia. Neither patient had any significant scoliotic deformity associated with the kyphosis, and both had fixation from T-9 to the ilium, which was performed using PS constructs, along with L1–2 kyphectomies. The patient in Case 1 was 20 years old and was treated for progressive kyphosis and an ulcerated nonhealing wound over the gibbus. The patient in Case 2 was 10 years old and was treated for progressive pain and functional impairment. The 2 patients had a mean correction of 63%, with a mean correction of kyphotic deformity from 136° to 51°. Neither patient developed any complication in the short term postoperatively, whereas published series have reported high complication rates, including wound infection, poor wound healing, CSF leakage, pseudarthrosis, and shunt malfunction.
Severe kyphotic deformities in patients with myelomeningocele can be safely treated using PS-only constructs without ligation of the thecal sac. Further evaluation with a larger sample and longer follow-up are needed to detect any associated complications, such as proximal junctional kyphosis. Further evaluation may also validate whether PS-only constructs permit successful outcomes with a shorter construct and fewer instrumented levels.
In Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Volume 8 (2011): Issue 1 (Jul 2011)
A standardized protocol to reduce cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: The Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network Quality Improvement Initiative
Clinical article
John R. W. Kestle, Jay Riva-Cambrin, John C. Wellons III, Abhaya V. Kulkarni, William E. Whitehead, Marion L. Walker, W. Jerry Oakes, James M. Drake, Thomas G. Luerssen, Tamara D. Simon and Richard Holubkov
Quality improvement techniques are being implemented in many areas of medicine. In an effort to reduce the ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection rate, a standardized protocol was developed and implemented at 4 centers of the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN).
The protocol was developed sequentially by HCRN members using the current literature and prior institutional experience until consensus was obtained. The protocol was prospectively applied at each HCRN center to all children undergoing a shunt insertion or revision procedure. Infections were defined on the basis of CSF, wound, or pseudocyst cultures; wound breakdown; abdominal pseudocyst; or positive blood cultures in the presence of a ventriculoatrial shunt. Procedures and infections were measured before and after protocol implementation.
Twenty-one surgeons at 4 centers performed 1571 procedures between June 1, 2007, and February 28, 2009. The minimum follow-up was 6 months. The Network infection rate decreased from 8.8% prior to the protocol to 5.7% while using the protocol (p = 0.0028, absolute risk reduction 3.15%, relative risk reduction 36%). Three of 4 centers lowered their infection rate. Shunt surgery after external ventricular drainage (with or without prior infection) had the highest infection rate. Overall protocol compliance was 74.5% and improved over the course of the observation period. Based on logistic regression analysis, the use of BioGlide catheters (odds ratio [OR] 1.91, 95% CI 1.19–3.05; p = 0.007) and the use of antiseptic cream by any members of the surgical team (instead of a formal surgical scrub by all members of the surgical team; OR 4.53, 95% CI 1.43–14.41; p = 0.01) were associated with an increased risk of infection.
The standardized protocol for shunt surgery significantly reduced shunt infection across the HCRN. Overall protocol compliance was good. The protocol has established a common baseline within the Network, which will facilitate assessment of new treatments. Identification of factors associated with infection will allow further protocol refinement in the future.
Minimally invasive lumbar microdiscectomy in pediatric patients: a series of 6 patients
Jonathan G. Thomas, Steven W. Hwang, William E. Whitehead, Daniel J. Curry, Thomas G. Luerssen and Andrew Jea
Lumbar disc herniation is rare in the pediatric age group, but may still cause a significant amount of pain and disability. Whereas minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for lumbar disc herniation is routinely performed in adults, it has not yet been described in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to describe the surgical results of pediatric MIS-treated lumbar disc disease.
The authors retrospectively reviewed a series of 6 consecutive cases of lumbar microdiscectomy performed using MIS techniques between April 2008 and July 2010. Presenting symptoms, physical examination findings, and preoperative MR imaging results were obtained from medical records. Perioperative results, including blood loss, length of hospital stay, and complications were assessed. Findings at latest follow-up evaluation were also recorded.
This report represents the first surgical series regarding pediatric lumbar microdiscectomies performed using MIS. The mean patient age was 16 years (range 14–17 years); there were 4 girls and 2 boys. Preoperative signs and symptoms of radiculopathic pain were notable in 100% of patients, and myotomal weakness was noted in 33% of patients. The first line of treatment in all patients was a period of conservative management lasting an average of 11.5 months (range 6–12 months). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 10.8 ml, and the mean postoperative length of stay was 1.3 days. There were no complications in this small series.
The treatment of pediatric lumbar disc herniation by using MIS techniques can be safe and efficacious. However, further study with a larger number of patients and longer follow-up is needed to compare outcomes between MIS and open microdiscectomies.
In Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Volume 7 (2011): Issue 6 (Jun 2011)
Computed tomography morphometric analysis for translaminar screw fixation in the upper thoracic spine of the pediatric population
Akash J. Patel, Jacob Cherian, Daniel H. Fulkerson, Benjamin D. Fox, Joshua J. Chern, William E. Whitehead, Daniel J. Curry, Thomas G. Luerssen and Andrew Jea
Translaminar screw (TLS) fixation can be used safely and efficaciously for upper cervical fusion in children. No published studies have evaluated this technique in the thoracic spine of the pediatric population, and thus the authors undertook such an analysis.
The upper thoracic spines (T1–4) of 130 patients, consisting of 70 boys and 60 girls, were studied using CT scans. Laminar height and thickness, screw length, and screw angle were measured. Exclusion criteria included the following: patients older than 18 years of age, trauma or congenital abnormalities of the thoracic spine, or absent demographic information or imaging studies through T-4. Statistical analysis was performed using paired or unpaired Student t-tests (p < 0.05) and linear regression analysis.
The mean laminar heights for T-1, T-2, T-3, and T-4 were as follows: 12.3 ± 3.4, 13.0 ± 3.5, 13.4 ± 3.8, and 14.7 ± 4.1 mm, respectively. The mean laminar widths were 6.5 ± 1.3, 6.6 ± 1.3, 6.6 ± 1.3, and 6.6 ± 1.4 mm, respectively. The mean screw lengths were 29.9 ± 4.1, 25.2 ± 3.5, 22.7 ± 3.2, and 21.6 ± 3.1 mm, respectively. The mean screw angles were 47° ± 4°, 48° ± 4°, 51° ± 4°, and 53° ± 5°, respectively. There were no significant differences between the right and left sides. However, significant differences were found when comparing patients younger than 8 years with those who were 8 years or older, and when comparing boys and girls.
Careful preoperative thin-cut CT with sagittal reconstruction is mandatory to determine if the placement of TLSs is feasible in the pediatric population. Based on CT analysis, the insertion of TLSs in the pediatric thoracic spine is possible in all patients older than 8 years and in many patients younger than 8 years. Boys could accept longer screws in the upper thoracic spine compared with girls.
In Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Volume 7 (2011): Issue 4 (Apr 2011)
Intraoperative monitoring of motor evoked potentials in very young children
Daniel H. Fulkerson, Krishna B. Satyan, Lillian M. Wilder, James J. Riviello, Stephen A. Stayer, William E. Whitehead, Daniel J. Curry, Robert C. Dauser, Thomas G. Luerssen and Andrew Jea
Neurophysiological monitoring of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) during complex spine procedures may reduce the risk of injury by providing feedback to the operating surgeon. While this tool is a well-established surgical adjunct in adults, clinical data in children are sparse. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and safety of MEP monitoring in a group of children younger than 3 years of age undergoing neurosurgical spine procedures.
A total of 10 consecutive spinal procedures in 10 children younger than 3 years of age (range 5–31 months, mean 16.8 months) were analyzed between January 1, 2008, and May 1, 2010. Motor evoked potentials were elicited by transcranial electric stimulation. A standardized anesthesia protocol for monitoring consisted of a titrated propofol drip combined with bolus dosing of fentanyl or sufentanil.
Motor evoked potentials were documented at the beginning and end of the procedure in all 10 patients. A mean baseline stimulation threshold of 533 ± 124 V (range 321–746 V) was used. Six patients maintained MEP signals ≥ 50% of baseline amplitude throughout the surgery. There was a greater than 50% decrease in intraoperative MEP amplitude in at least 1 extremity in 4 patients. Two of these patients returned to baseline status by the end of the case. Two patients had a persistent decrement or variability in MEP signals at the end of the procedure; this correlated with postoperative weakness. There were no complications related to the technique of monitoring MEPs.
A transcranial electric stimulation protocol monitoring corticospinal motor pathways during neurosurgical procedures in children younger than 3 years of age was reliably and safely implemented. A persistent intraoperative decrease of greater than 50% in this small series of 10 pediatric patients younger than 3 years of age predicted a postoperative neurological deficit. The authors advocate routine monitoring of MEPs in this pediatric age group undergoing neurosurgical spine procedures.
Effectiveness of a clinical pathway for patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunction
Joshua J. Chern, Charles G. Macias, Andrew Jea, Daniel J. Curry, Thomas G. Luerssen and William E. Whitehead
Patients with CSF shunts often present to the emergency department (ED) with suspected shunt malfunction. Timely assessment and treatment are important factors affecting patient outcomes. A protocol was implemented at a tertiary children's hospital ED to expedite the care of these patients. This study evaluated the effectiveness of this protocol.
The protocol assigned all patients with CSF shunts into 1 of 3 pathways. If a patient presented with altered mental status, the Cushing triad, acute focal neurological deficit, ongoing seizure activity, or severe dehydration due to emesis, an ED physician was immediately notified (emergency pathway). If a patient presented with emesis, headache, increasing frequency of seizure, or parental concern for shunt malfunction, the patient entered the expedited pathway, and imaging studies were ordered prior to physician evaluation. All other patients entered the default pathway, in which a physician would evaluate the patient before deciding on further workup. Outcomes of interest included measures of timeliness in the ED and clinical outcomes. Comparisons were made between preprotocol and protocol periods and among the 3 pathways.
The total time to complete both ED physician evaluation and to initiate imaging studies was significantly shorter in the protocol period than in the preprotocol period (104 vs 147 minutes). Similar time saving over the 2 processes was demonstrated comparing expedited and default pathways during the protocol period (95 vs 134 minutes, a 29% difference). Clinically, more patients underwent surgery in the expedited pathway than the default pathway (36% vs 17%), and patients in the expedited pathway had a shorter hospital stay (3.4 ± 0.9 days vs 5.7 ± 4.0 days; p = 0.02).
An ED-based protocol helped identify patients at risk for shunt failure early in the triage process and shortened the assessment process prior to neurosurgical intervention. Improving the timeliness of care for patients with shunt failure is important because morbidity and mortality associated with shunt failure are time dependent.
In Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Volume 6 (2010): Issue 4 (Oct 2010)
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during posterior fossa tumor resection in a child
Akash J. Patel, Benjamin D. Fox, Daniel H. Fulkerson, Sasidhar Yallampalli, Anna Illner, William E. Whitehead, Daniel J. Curry, Thomas G. Luerssen and Andrew Jea
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has been described in the setting of malignant hypertension, renal disease, eclampsia, and immunosuppression. In addition, a single case of intraoperative (posterior fossa craniotomy) PRES has been reported; however, this case occurred in an adult.
The authors present a clinically and radiographically documented case of intraoperative PRES complicating the resection of a posterior fossa tumor in a 6-year-old child. During tumor resection, untoward force was used to circumferentially dissect the tumor, and excessive manipulation of the brainstem led to severe hypertension for a 10-minute period. An immediate postoperative MR image was obtained to rule out residual tumor, but instead the image showed findings consistent with PRES. Moreover, the patient's postoperative clinical findings were consistent with PRES.
Aggressive postoperative management of blood pressure and the institution of anticonvulsant therapy were undertaken. The patient made a good recovery; however, he required a temporary tracheostomy and tube feedings for prolonged lower cranial nerve dysfunction.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome can occur as a result of severe hypertension during surgery, even among young children. With prompt treatment, the patient in the featured case experienced significant clinical and radiographic recovery.
Medulloblastoma and juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma presenting as synchronous primary brain tumors in a child
Andrew Jea, Ernesto Coscarella, Murali Chintagumpala, Meena Bhattacharjee, William E. Whitehead, Daniel J. Curry and Thomas G. Luerssen
Multiple metastatic brain tumors and multifocal primary brain tumors of a single histological type have been published in the adult and pediatric literature. However, the simultaneous occurrence of multiple primary brain tumors with different cell types is rare. Even more rare is the pediatric presentation of multiple primary brain tumors with different cell types.
The authors describe the case of an 8-year-old boy who presented with a 2-week history of progressive headache, nausea and vomiting, and imbalance. Brain MR imaging demonstrated a heterogeneously enhancing mixed solid/cystic mass of the left cerebellar hemisphere and a larger, midline, more homogeneously enhancing lesion of the superior vermis. Spinal MR imaging was unremarkable.
The patient underwent a suboccipital craniotomy and subsequent gross-total resection of both mass lesions. Pathological examination revealed the left cerebellar and superior vermian lesions to be a juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma and a medulloblastoma, respectively. The patient did well in the immediate postoperative period, was discharged home, and underwent neurooncological follow-up.
To the best of the authors' knowledge, they describe the first known pediatric case in which a medulloblastoma and a juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma presented as synchronous primary brain tumors. They review the literature on multiple primary brain tumors with different histological characteristics and rehash potential mechanisms for their development.
In Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Volume 5: Issue 2 (Feb 2010)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Spurs rally to top Knicks, 120-111, spoiling Barrett's debut
SAN ANTONIO -- The lessons are coming early for New York Knicks rookie RJ Barrett. From his first NBA game?
"You've got to keep going, especially if you get up," he said.
It's a concept Spurs point guard Dejounte Murray knows well.
LaMarcus Aldridge had 22 points, Bryn Forbes added 20 and San Antonio rallied for a 120-111 victory over the Knicks on Wednesday night, spoiling Barrett's debut.
The Spurs outscored the Knicks 37-27 in the final quarter after Barrett rallied New York from a 16-point deficit in the first half. Barrett scored 21 points on 9-for-13 shooting with five rebounds and two assists in 37 minutes.
"You've got to keep putting it on them," Barrett said. "Just like we're not going to quit, they're not going to quit either."
The Knicks have pinned a great deal of hope on Barrett, the No. 3 overall draft pick out of Duke, after failing to sign any marquee free agents in the offseason.
"I told you," New York coach David Fizdale said. "When the popcorn's popping, that kid is ready."
Marcus Morris led New York with 26 points, and Julius Randle added 25 points and 11 rebounds.
The Spurs are similarly counting on Murray, who played in his first game since tearing his right ACL in a preseason game last October.
"I'm blessed, I'm thankful," Murray said. "I put in the work, but I've got a lot of work to do. A year ago today I was at home, I couldn't walk, and a year later I'm playing. So, I'm thankful."
Murray had 18 points, including a 3-pointer with five minutes remaining that put San Antonio up 105-97. The 6-foot-5 point guard had six assists and eight rebounds.
"I thought he was aggressive, tried to do what we wanted to do and played pretty good defense," Spurs coach Gregg Popovich said. "Probably needs to take care of the ball a little bit better, but overall after being out so long, he's come a long way pretty quickly."
Murray had four turnovers and San Antonio committed 21 as a team, which led to 32 points for New York. The Spurs did not have any turnovers in the fourth quarter, however.
NOTHING SETTLED
New York started Barrett, Randle, Morris, Bobby Portis and Alonzo Trier, but Fizdale said the lineup could change as soon as Saturday against Washington, especially at point guard.
Barrett started at point guard, but veteran Elfrid Payton had nine points and four assists in the second half while running the point with Barrett at off guard.
Knicks: Morris, who signed with the Knicks after backing out of a verbal agreement with the Spurs on a two-year deal, was heavily booed throughout the game. Morris responded to the initial boos by backing down and then hitting a turnaround jumper on DeMar DeRozan for the game's opening points. ... The Knicks signed F Ivan Rabb to a two-way contract. The 6-foot-10, 220-pounder averaged 5.7 points, 4.3 rebounds and 1.0 assists in 14.6 minutes over two seasons with the Memphis Grizzlies. He will primarily play for New York's G League affiliate, the Westchester Knicks.
Spurs: Trey Lyles, who the Spurs signed after Morris reneged, started at center and had eight points and 11 rebounds. ... Popovich opened his 24th season as San Antonio's coach, setting the record for most seasons coaching one franchise. Popovich was previously tied with Utah's Jerry Sloan. ... Popovich acknowledged the Spurs fully guaranteed the final year of Aldridge's contract. Aldridge was guaranteed $7 million for 2021 before the Spurs picked up their option Wednesday to fully guarantee his $24 million contract. ... Popovich, Larry Brown, Hubie Brown and Bill Bertka are the only coaches to serve as an NBA head coach in their 70s in league history. Popovich turned 70 on Jan. 28.
Knicks: Host Washington on Saturday night.
Spurs: At Brooklyn on Friday night.
More AP NBA: https://apnews.com/NBA and https://twitter.com/AP-Sports
Barrett drops 21 in Knicks debut
RJ Barrett has it all working against the Spurs, scoring 21 points on 9-of-13 shooting with five rebounds, but the Knicks fall to the Spurs 120-111.
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Copyright © 2020 ESPN Internet Ventures. All rights reserved.


The 2013 Digital Landscape Infographic gives a snapshot of the UK's digital landscape in 2013 and how it has evolved in the last few years. By the end of 2012, internet users in the UK had crossed the 48million mark. 2012 also witnessed the launch of the very first 4G mobile network in the UK. Larger internet audience and higher speeds have enabled retailers to push online shopping to mobile and in result; sales over mobile were increased by 500% in the last two years.
Graham Jones on The One Show…!


The Earl of St. Merryn needs a woman. His intentions are purely practical - he simply wants someone sensible and suitably lovely to pose as his betrothed for a few weeks among polite society. He has his own agenda to pursue, and a false fiancée will keep the husband-hunters at bay while he goes about his business. The simplest solution is to hire a paid companion. Finding the right candidate proves more of a challenge than he expected. But when he encounters Miss Elenora Lodge, the fire in her golden eyes sways him to make a generous offer. Her sorry financial circumstances - and dreams of a life of independence - convince her to accept. But St. Merryn appears to be hiding a secret or two, and things seem oddly amiss in his gloomy London home. Elenora soon discovers that this lark will be a far more dangerous adventure than she'd been led to believe. And the Earl of St. Merryn will find that the meek and mild companion he'd initially envisioned has become a partner in his quest to catch a killer - and an outspoken belle of the ball who stirs a bothersome passion in his practical heart.
Excellent narration, distinction of characters. This was just a good historical romance mystery, some laugh out loud wit, and just enough passion to keep it interesting. Loved the characters (eccentric and "good" people) and the mystery.
Would you listen to The Paid Companion again? Why?
YES. I've already listened to it twice, just to hear Amato's voices and range. The plot may not be original, but author Quick does a great job of making it a bit different. The developing romance is well done, and magnetic..
Listening to her is like listening to poetry.
Nice story, plot had twists and turns. Narrator is the best ever .Narrator for Audible. She could read the phone book and it would be great. Very talented with all the character voices.
Nice easy listen with a great narrator.
Nice light read.. Interesting enough to want more, but not heavy that you have to rewind every time you miss a sentence.
Amazing. An intelligent woman, is actually attractive to an English gentleman. Cute story, although a common premise, with a dash of mystery to entice. I thoroughly enjoyed reading this story on my commute.
I Always Enjoy An Amanda Quick Novel!!!!
Loved it! Amanda Quick knows how to deliver in every novel. The way she builds every element of the novel is exciting! I love how combines mystery, history, and romance. I just love it! THEN! Add one of my favorite narrators Bianca Amato! I can't lose.
I need really really like this story. I finished it and started back from the beginning and it was still just as good.
If you could sum up The Paid Companion in three words, what would they be?
What was one of the most memorable moments of The Paid Companion?
When he put her former betrothed in his place in the very public park.
I loved the mystery and the love story. Well done!!!
This book was a great listen. My memorial part was learning that the Earl made the runaway plans I was surprised by this. I enjoyed the readers voice and cadence!! 👏👏👏🌹🌹🌹‼ just amazing. A must listen.👍👍.
A wonderful introduction to Amanda Quick!
Warm and witty characters, mystery and romance. The bedroom scenes are not overpowering and tastefully written.
I'll definitely be trying more by this writer.
The narration is amongst the best I've heard, especially in terms of the pacing and despite the odd Americanised pronunciation (odd in a British voice).


text:
12 Laman St, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
St Andrew's Presbyterian Church
Connect Group for Women
Kid's Church
Sunday Series
Midweek Talks
It's a Wonderful Life
This film is a "1946 American Christmas fantasy ... The film is one of the most beloved in American cinema, and has become traditional viewing during the Christmas season. The film stars James Stewart as George Bailey, a man who has given up his dreams in order to help others, and whose imminent suicide on Christmas Eve brings about the intervention of his guardian angel, Clarence Odbody (Henry Travers). Clarence shows George all the lives he has touched, and how different life in his community of Bedford Falls would be if he had never been born. Despite performing poorly at the box office due to stiff competition at the time of its release, the film has become a classic and is a staple of Christmas television around the world." This was taken from Wikipedia where more information is available.
© St Andrews Presbyterian Church 2015-2019


text:
Science Confirms the Obvious: Competition for Victim Status Produces Hostility and Division
I always find it somewhat amusing when science comes along to prove the blatantly obvious. But in this case, this is a well-timed study. From the European Journal of Social Psychology,
"Groups that perceive themselves as victims can engage in "competitive victimhood." We propose that, in some societal circumstances, this competition bears on the recognition of past sufferings—rather than on their relative severity—fostering negative intergroup attitudes. Three studies are presented. Study 1, a survey among Sub-Saharan African immigrants in Belgium (N = 127), showed that a sense of collective victimhood was associated with more secondary anti-Semitism. This effect was mediated by a sense of lack of victimhood recognition, then by the belief that this lack of recognition was due to that of Jews' victimhood, but not by competition over the severity of the sufferings. Study 2 replicated this mediation model among Muslim immigrants (N = 125). Study 3 experimentally demonstrated the negative effect of the unequal recognition of groups' victimhood on intergroup attitudes in a fictional situation involving psychology students (N = 183). Overall, these studies provide evidence that struggle for victimhood recognition can foster intergroup conflict."
Victims usually perceive a perpetrator. This goes for individuals as well as groups. Of course, sometimes they are right. If someone assaults you, you are a victim and the person who committed the assault is the perpetrator.
But with regards to groups, especially in multiethnic, multiracial and multicultural societies, a victim mindset is destined to produce discord and division. The "oppression Olympics" as they're sometimes divisively called will undoubtedly create what this study calls "competitive victimhood" and thus, "negative intergroup attitudes."
This is an unavoidable problem when true oppression is there. And while I would never deny that there are no problems of oppression in the United States, isn't it ironic that some of the most privileged people who have ever walked the face of the planet-namely American college students-are the loudest in talking about how supposedly oppressed they are.
This mindset has already caused plenty of damage. If it persists, it could lead to a catastrophe.


Lumbers is not is not only a jewellers but a luxury emporium home to the finest watch brands, jewellery pieces and accessories for both men and women. Founded in 1881 Lumbers not only became a business but a lifelong project for its owners and one that should be celebrated for future generations to come. Lumbers, one of the biggest jewellers in the UK, aims to push the boundaries of what a jewellers can do from client interaction through to the products we provide from some of the world leading brands in both watch making and jewellery. We welcome you to experience Lumbers and enjoy!


I'm an emerging poet and fiction writer from Northwest Indiana. My poetry has been published in Seltzer and Cave Region Review, and my short stories have been featured in Seven Deadly Sins, A YA Anthology: Avarice and Secrets in Our Cities. My paranormal thriller Ambrosia will be released in October 2019. To learn more, visit the About page.
Order Secrets in our Cities to read "Gallery of Lost Souls"!
Read "All That Glitters" in Seven Deadly Sins, A YA Anthology: Avarice!
Copyright © 2019, Madison Wheatley. All rights reserved.


text:
Q: Could not find a suitable constructor in com.sun.jersey.guice.spi.container.servlet.GuiceContainer I am new to Guice.
I want to create a server application with RESTful web services and Guice for DI. I followed the tutorial here, instead of a jetty I use a Tomcat6. But I cannot get it to run :(
I always get Could not find a suitable constructor in com.sun.jersey.guice.spi.container.servlet.GuiceContainer on the application startup.
Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class de.server.MyGuiceServletConfig
com.google.inject.CreationException: Guice creation errors:
1) Could not find a suitable constructor in com.sun.jersey.guice.spi.container.servlet.GuiceContainer. Classes must have either one (and only one) constructor annotated with @Inject or a zero-argument constructor that is not private.
  at com.sun.jersey.guice.spi.container.servlet.GuiceContainer.class(GuiceContainer.java:108)
  at com.sun.jersey.guice.JerseyServletModule.webApp(JerseyServletModule.java:90)
The GuiceContainer class has an constructor with an @Inject statement where it wants an Injector.
  @Inject
public GuiceContainer(Injector injector) {
    this.injector = injector;
}

My web.xml looks like this:
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>Restful Web Application</display-name>
<filter>
    <filter-name>guiceFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.google.inject.servlet.GuiceFilter</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>guiceFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

<listener>
    <listener-class>de.server.MyGuiceServletConfig</listener-class>
</listener>

<context-param>
    <param-name>resteasy.scan</param-name>
    <param-value>true</param-value>
</context-param>

<context-param>
    <param-name>resteasy.servlet.mapping.prefix</param-name>
    <param-value>/rest</param-value>
</context-param>

<listener>
    <listener-class>
        org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.ResteasyBootstrap
    </listener-class>
</listener>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>resteasy-servlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>
        org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.HttpServletDispatcher
    </servlet-class>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>resteasy-servlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/rest/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

My config class looks like this:
public class MyGuiceServletConfig extends GuiceServletContextListener {

public MyGuiceServletConfig() {

}

public class MyJerseyServletModule extends JerseyServletModule {
    @Override
    protected void configureServlets() {
        // Must configure at least one JAX-RS resource or the
        // server will fail to start.
        bind(ITest.class).to(Test2.class);
        bind(TestRestService.class);

        serve("/*").with(GuiceContainer.class);
    }
}

@Override
protected Injector getInjector() {
    return Guice.createInjector(new MyJerseyServletModule());
}}

And last but not least the rest service:
@Path("/test")
public class TestRestService {

private ITest test;

@Inject
public TestRestService(ITest t){
    this.test = t;
}

@GET
@Path("/getMe")
public String getMe() {
    return test.getName();
}

@GET
@Path("/getAll")
public Response getAll() {
    return Response.status(200).entity("sadsads").build();
}}

I don't know what I am missing. Hope you can tell me what I did wrong...
If you need any further information, just leave a comment and I'll add it.
Thx in advance,
TJ

A: Ok, I found the problem.
It sounds a little weird, but the problem is the following (I didn't mentioned it in my question, cause I never suggested that it could be the build process which causes the problems):
I defined a final name in my pom:
<build>
<finalName>mytest</finalName>

And this is exactly the problem. When I remove this line, everything works perfect...
Can someone tell me why this it is problematic to enter a final name when building a war?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Malinow () ist ein Weiler (chutor) in der Oblast Kursk in Russland. Er gehört zum Rajon Fatesch und zur Landgemeinde (selskoje posselenije) Glebowski selsowjet.

Geographie
Der Ort liegt gut 35 km Luftlinie nordwestlich des Oblastverwaltungszentrums Kursk im südwestlichen Teil der Mittelrussischen Platte, 13 km südöstlich des Rajonverwaltungszentrums Fatesch, 6 km vom Sitz des Dorfsowjet – Sykowka, 112 km von der Grenze zwischen Russland und der Ukraine, im Becken der Ussoscha (linker Nebenfluss der Swapa im Becken des Seim).

Klima
Das Klima im Ort ist wie im Rest des Rajons kalt und gemäßigt. Es gibt während des Jahres eine erhebliche Niederschlagsmenge. Dfb lautet die Klassifikation des Klimas nach Köppen und Geiger.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Anmerkung: Volkszählungsdaten

Verkehr
Malinow liegt 11,5 km von der Fernstraße föderaler Bedeutung M2 "Krim" als Teil der Europastraße E105, 15,5 km von der Straße regionaler Bedeutung 38K-018 (Kursk – Ponyri), 2,5 km von der Straße 38K-039 (Fatesch – 38K-018), 5 km von der Straße interkommunaler Bedeutung 38N-210 (M2 "Krim" – Sykowka – Maloje Annenkowo – 38K-039) und 19,5 km von der nächsten Eisenbahnhaltestelle 487 km (Eisenbahnstrecke Orjol – Kursk) entfernt.

Der Ort liegt 159 km vom internationalen Flughafen von Belgorod entfernt.

Einzelnachweise

Malinow

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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I just recently picked up some of the these interesting knitting looms to help make my holiday gift making go a little quicker. I have always wanted to learn to knit and I did purchase a set of knitting needles but what I was able to produce with those needles was an absolute disaster. A total mess. A monumental cataclysm. An unmentionable horror/abomination.
......I think you get the point.
Not to mention I looked like a complete and total idiot while I attempted to learn the basic knit stitch. I just could not get the hang of holding two needles at the same time, I don't understand how people do it. I had one needle propped up under my arm while the other was flopping around, my stitches gliding off of the needle with so much ease that one would not believe they took almost as hour to put on.
....But I love the way knitting feels so I figured I would give this a try. In honor of my new toys I decided to do a small pattern round up with some things I am excited to try and make on my new knitting looms.
The stitch pattern on this headband is really unique and it doesn't even look quite like knitting. It is made entirely on a loom though. Using a round loom, this pattern can be made to fit any size head from infant to adult. She also describes a way to bind of that keeps your headband super stretchy.
I love this idea and because loom knitting comes together so quickly, it really is economical to make up a bunch of these little Swiffer covers. The ones in the store that you through away are horrible for the environment because they end up in landfills and they cost so much money. Your basically throwing away your money. Making some of these up could save you hundreds over the course of a few years...depending on how often you use your Swiffer.
So you made some T-Shirt yarn and have nothing to do with it. No ideas on a project to get all that tarn used up. Look no further than this really cute coffee cup cozy. It only takes 1 T-Shirt to make this nifty little drink holder. You will be looking through your closet for more shirts to rip up. Pair this with a gift card to your favorite local coffee shop and give it away as a gift. This little sleeve takes no time to make. Use the extra small round loom for this project.
I am in love with the open look of this hat. It almost looks like crocheted broom stick lace. It is made on your medium sized knitting loom. The pattern requires knowledge of e-wrap, purl, drop stitch and garter stitch. The pattern only uses 1 skein of yarn even though the yarn is double wrapped. It can be easily adjusted to fit any size head using a different sized loom than the one recommended.
Everyone loves a market bag, this bag was made entirely on a loom including the handle. To reinforce the handle I recommend lining it with ribbon because it will be very stretchy once there is weight in the bag. I love the way this bag drapes. It is very slouchy. It is the perfect accessory next time you are out at the grocery store or your local farmer's market.
When I originally looked into loom knitting I had no idea that you could make clothes but the more I look around on the internet, I am seeing a lot of clothes that can be made on a loom. I cannot wait to try out this really cute baby cardigan sweater. I don't know who I am going to give it to yet but I know I am going to be making it. The pattern is made in pieces and then all the pieces are sewn together.
This head band is too cute and would make a great gift. This headband can be made on any size rectangle loom as long as it has 10 pegs. The tie in the middle gives it a really cute bow effect. The headband can easily be made wider if more pegs are used. Knitting on a loom creates a really stretch material that is great for headbands.


World of Pirates is a MMOG set in the Caribbean in the 17th Century. The game features open ended play, trading, exploration, town taking, clans, PvE and PvP. There are 5 nations you can belong to; Spain, England, France, Holland and Portugal. If you lose enough reputation with your nation you will become a pirate. The 4 skills in the game are Navigation, Weapon Skill, Fencing Skill and Trading. There are 10 different types of specialists that can give you bonuses, they include the Mate, Medic, Carpenter, Cannoneer, Merchant, Soldier, Fisher, Cook, Lookout and 1st Officer.
The vast game map is an accurate representation of the Caribbean. You can take jobs from your nations governor to gain reputation and gold. Build your choice of 9 different ship types and upgrade them for more speed, crew or cannons.