text:
Formal group laws
September 3, 2021 · 13 min · Torgeir Aambø
Introduction and definition
Really no topology?
Complex-oriented cohomology theories
Quillen's remarkable result
Recently we have covered a lot of heavy topology and abstract mathematics, so today I thought we would cover something else — something maybe a bit easier to grasp. We will introduce the concept of formal group laws, and a bit on why they are interesting.
Introduction and definition#
To not just spew out the definition straight away, we look at a situation where formal group laws arise very naturally. Let $G$ be a one-dimensional commutative Lie group (Think here of the real numbers $\mathbb{R}$ or the circle group $S^1$). This group has a continuous product, $m:G\times G\longrightarrow G$, which locally can be described by a real-valued function in two variables. This function has a Taylor expansion around the origin, which is a power series in two variables. Denote this power series by $F$. This power series satisfies some axioms because of the group structure we have on $G$, these axioms are identity, commutativity and associativity. In more mathematical terms this means that the following statements hold
$F(u,0)=u=F(0,u)$ (identity)
$F(u, v)=F(v, u)$ (commutativity)
$F(F(u, v), w) = F(u, F(v, w))$ (associativity)
These axioms are not at all satisfied by all power series, so these are actually something interesting to look at. Coincidentally, such power series are exactly what we are going to look into today, because this is exactly what a formal group law is.
Definition: A formal group law1 over a commutative ring $R$ is a power series $F\in R[[u,v]]$ satisfying the above three axioms 1, 2 and 3.
Hence, we can think of formal group laws as a sort of generalization of the above case of the Lie-group, i.e. some power series with coefficients in a ring that behaves like if it was the product on a Lie group. In the Lie group case our ring was the field of real numbers $\mathbb{R}$, but in general it could be any commutative ring. For the rest of the post any ring will be commutative with an identity.
We did not mention anything about inverses, which always are somewhere close when talking about groups or group like things. The reason we didn't include it as an axiom is because it isn't needed, due to the following result.
Proposition: Let $F$ be a formal group law over a ring $R$. Then there is a power series $i$ in one variable, such that $F(u, i(u))=0$. This power series $i$ is often called the formal inverse of $F$, or sometimes just the inverse. By commutativity this is a two-sided inverse.
Let's see some examples.
Examples#
There are of course infinitely many examples of formal group laws, but the following two are the most interesting for us. Why this is so will become clear later.
The additive formula $F_a(u, v) = u+v$ over any ring $R$ is a formal group law, called the additive formal group law.
The multiplicative formula $F_m(u,v)= u+v+u\cdot v$ over any ring $R$ is a formal group law, called the multiplicative formal group law.
Just to mention a couple more; there are ways to associate to an elliptic curve a formal group law. This has nice use cases in number theory. As mentioned in the introduction, there are also formal group laws coming from the multiplication on Lie groups. There is also a formal group law coming from hyperbolic tangent addition, namely $F(u,v)= \frac{u+v}{1+u\cdot v}$. This is used in physics to add velocities in special relativity.
A nice feature of formal group laws is that they naturally come with easily definable morphisms between them. These are defined as follows.
Definition: Let $F$ and $G$ be formal group laws over a ring $R$. A morphism $f:F\longrightarrow G$ is a power series $f$ in one variable with vanishing constant term, such that $f(F(u,v)) = G(f(u), f(v))$.
We can of course use this to define isomorphisms of formal group laws by being the morphisms with inverses. We also define a strict isomorphism $I$ to be an isomorphism where the coefficient of the variable is $1$, i.e. the derivative evaluated at $0$, $I'(u) = 1$. Morphisms of formal group laws are sometimes called substitutions and strict isomorphisms of formal group laws are also called coordinate changes, as this is essentially what they do.
These notions of morphisms allow us to understand how certain formal group laws behave, and how they are related. It can be shown that over the rational numbers every formal group law is strictly isomorphic to the additive formal group law, i.e. is the additive one up to a coordinate change. Over other rings this is not true, so most of the interesting theory comes from trying to understand formal group laws over more general rings or fields of positive characteristic. As these notions of strict isomorphisms to the additive formal group law is important, as is is the simplest formal group law we also make the following definition.
Definition: Let $F$ be a formal group law over a ring $R$. A strict isomorphism $I$ from $F$ to $F_a$ — the additive formal group law — is called a logarithm of $F$, denoted $I(u) = log_F(u)$.
The name comes from the equation defining the morphism, as it becomes
$$log_F(F(u,u))=log_F(u)+log_F(v),$$
which looks like the addition formula for normal logarithms.
We remarked above that all formal group laws are strictly isomorphic to the additive one over the rationals, so there should for all formal group laws exist a logarithm. For example, the multiplicative formal group law has a logarithm given by
$$log_F(u)=\sum_{i\geq 0} \frac{(-1)^{i-1}u^i}{i}$$
This is a logarithm only over the rationals, not over for example the integers.
The abstract minded reader might see that the assignment of the set of formal group laws over a given ring $R$ is indeed a functor, denoted $FGL(-)$, from the category of commutative rings to the category of sets. The morphisms are the natural transformations of this functor to itself.
Really no topology?#
Did you really think that we could leave behind the heavy topology and abstract mathematics? that we could just simply enjoy this concept for itself and not for its use in topology? In that case you were wrong…
All fun and mockery aside, the reason I read about formal group laws was because of an incredible result by Quillen. This says in essence that the universal complex-oriented cohomology theory determines, and is determined by, the universal formal group law. A truly wild connection, but a connection we will see fits nicely into the picture of cohomology theory we have been studying recently.
Complex-oriented cohomology theories#
Last time we studied reduced cohomology theories, but this additional adjective — reduced — implies the existence of "unreduced" cohomology theories, more often named simply cohomology theories. Luckily, these are roughly the "same", in the sense that the category of reduced cohomology theories is equivalent to the category of unreduced cohomology theories. A difference to note is that we usually define unreduced cohomology theories on pairs $(X, A)$ of topological spaces, i.e. spaces $X$ with a designated subspace $A$. If we have a reduced cohomology theory $\widetilde{E}^\ast$ then we can define its corresponding cohomology theory by $E^\ast(X, A) = \widetilde{E}^\ast(X_+\cup Cone (A_+))$, where $X_+$ denotes taking the space $X$ and adding a disjoint base point. We have the following decomposition of a cohomology theory:
$$E^\ast(X) = \widetilde{E}^\ast(X)\oplus E^\ast(pt),$$
which means that as long as we know what the unreduced cohomology of a point is, we can simply use the reduced theory if we wish. Above $E^\ast(X) = E^\ast(X, \empty)$. To go from a cohomology theory $E^\ast$ to a reduced one we can define $\widetilde{E}^\ast(X) = E^\ast(X, \{x\})$, where $x$ is the base point of $X$.
In order to have a nice connection to formal group laws we need to add a bit of extra structure to our cohomology theories. Firstly, we say our cohomology theory is multiplicative if the spectrum that represents it2 has a multiplication that is unital and associative up to homotopy. We have not yet looked properly into spectra, and not at all into ring spectra, but this will come soon. For the moment just accept that there are spectra with multiplications, and that these give cohomology theories with multiplication. If we recall the guiding example of a cohomology theory, namely ordinary singular cohomology, then this has a cup product, so it is in fact a multiplicative cohomology theory. Its representing spectrum — the Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectrum — is the guiding example of a ring spectrum, but as said more on this in another post.
Just to sure we are clear on notation going forward, we recall that
$E^\ast$ denotes a cohomology theory,
$\widetilde{E}^\ast$ denotes the reduced cohomology theory and
$E$ denotes the spectrum that represents them.
Ok, let's add some more structure to our cohomology theories.
Definition: We say that a multiplicative cohomology theory $E^\ast$ is complex-orientable if there exists an element $t\in E^2(\mathbb{C}P^\infty)$ such that under the map $g:\widetilde{E}^2(\mathbb{C}P^\infty)\longrightarrow \widetilde{E}^2(S^2)$, $t$ gets sent to the canonical generator $\bar t$ of $\widetilde{E}^2(S^2)$. In other words, the map $E^2(\mathbb{C}P^\infty)\longrightarrow E^2(S^2)$ must be surjective.
A choice of such a $t$ is called a complex orientation, and a multiplicative cohomology theory together with a complex orientation is called a complex-oriented cohomology theory. Examples of such theories are ordinary singular cohomology and complex $K$-theory as well as other more exotic theories we will meet in the future, like complex cobordism cohomology and Morava $K$-theory. For ordinary singular cohomology the natural choice of $t$ is given by the first Chern class $c_1(O(1))$, where $O(1)$ is the universal line bundle. This prompts us to actually define this element $t$ for some general cohomology theory $E^\ast$ to be named its first generalized Chern class, or the first Connor-Floyd Chern class. We denote it by $c_1^E$. More specifically we define for a line bundle $L$ over a space $X$, the first generalized Chern class to be $c^E_1(L) = f^\ast t \in E^2(X)$, where $f:L\longrightarrow \mathbb{C}P^\infty$ is the map given by the fact that $\mathbb{C}P^\infty$ is the classifying space for complex line bundles.
The followup question is then, does this first generalized Chern class satisfy the same nice properties as the normal first Chern class? This turns out in general to not be the case. For example, the normal first Chern class satisfies the following property, that for two line bundles $L_1$ and $L_2$ we have $c_1(L_1\otimes L_2) = c_1(L_1)+c_1(L_2)$. But, for example complex $K$-theory — represented by the spectrum $KU$ — does not have this property, it instead has the following relation:
$$c_1^{KU}(L_1\otimes L_2) = c_1^{KU}(L_1) + c_1^{KU}(L_2) + c_1^{KU}(L_1)\cdot c_1^{KU}(L_2)$$
It is a bit more complicated, as it features some more elements than just the standard addition featured in the formula for singular cohomology theory. But, this more complicated formula should also look awfully familiar. These two formulas, for singular cohomology and for complex $K$-theory, are in fact the additive and the multiplicative formal group laws that we saw earlier! In fact we have the following theorem.
Theorem: Every complex-oriented cohomology theory $E^\ast$ determines a formal group law $F$ over the ring $E^{\ast}(pt)$, i.e. of the $E$-cohomology of a point.
As usual when we have one concepts that leads to another, we ask if the reverse holds, i.e. given a formal group law, does it determine a complex-oriented cohomology theory? This does not hold in general. We will not cover these now, but there are procedures for turning a formal group law $F$ over a ring $R$ into a functor that is almost a cohomology theory with coefficient ring $R$ and which determines the formal group law $F$. This almost part is removable by adding some restrictions.
We can now finally describe the brilliant result by Quillen.
Quillen's remarkable result#
We stated quite informally earlier what this result says, but in essence it says that the universal formal group law determines, and is determined by, the universal complex-oriented cohomology theory. We will not cover this result in detail, as it is highly technical and I don't understand much of it yet, but we will give a rough overview at least.
First, what do we mean by universal? By universal group law we mean the following: A group law $U$ over a ring $L$ is called universal if for any other formal group law $F$ over some ring $R$ there is a unique morphism $f:L\longrightarrow R$ such that $F$ gets sent to $U$, i.e. $f_\ast F=U$. Any formal group law $K$ is defined by a power series $\sum c_{i,j}u^i v^j$. These coefficients must satisfy some polynomial relations making $K$ satisfy the formal group law axioms, like $c_{0,1} = 1 = c_{1, 0}$ due to the identity requirement and $c_{i,j}=c_{j,i}$ due to commutativity. We can then define a ring $L$ to be the ring generated by these coefficients, $\mathbb{Z}[c_{i,j}]$ modulo the ideal $Q$ generated by the polynomial relations making them be a formal group law. This ring $L = \mathbb{Z}[c_{i,j}]/Q$ is called the Lazard ring. There is in fact a formal group law $U$ over the Lazard ring, satisfying the universal property that for any commutative ring $R$, evaluation on $U$ determines a bijection $Hom(L, R)\longrightarrow FGL(R)$, where $FGL(R)$ is the set of formal group laws over $R$, i.e. it is an universal formal group law. This means in particular that the Lazard ring corepresents the functor of formal group laws.
This ring seems at first glance horribly complicated, but Lazard actually proved that this is simply a polynomial ring in infinitely many generators
$$L \cong \mathbb{Z}[b_1, b_2, \ldots]$$
where $b_i$ has degree $2i$. We grade this with even degrees just to make the comparison with the universal complex-oriented cohomology theory nicer, as this is graded in even degrees.
By universal complex-oriented cohomology theory we mean the following: A complex-oriented cohomology theory $MU$ is universal if for any multiplicative cohomology theory $E^\ast$, represented by the spectrum $E$, there is a bijection between the set of complex orientations on $E$ and morphisms of ring spectra $MU \longrightarrow E$. There is a cohomology theory satisfying this, namely the spectrum $MU$ — the spectrum representing complex cobordism cohomology theory. Hence this theory is the universal complex-oriented cohomology theory. We will not cover the details of this theory here, as we are saving it for later, but think roughly of this as assigning to a topological space $X$ the group of cobordism classes of manifolds over $X$. I think of it a bit like consisting of objects such as this, or at least isomorphism classes of such objects>
So, finally, the theorem of Quillen states the following.
Theorem (Quillen): There is a natural isomorphism from the coefficient ring $\pi_\ast MU$ of the complex cobordism cohomology theory $MU^\ast$ to the Lazard ring $L$, such that the formal group law determined by $MU^\ast$ is the universal group law over $L$.
This is a remarkable connection between algebra and number theory to topology and homotopy theory. Due to Milnor and Novikov it was known that the complex cobordism ring is also a polynomial ring in infinitely even degree variables, but that these are these two are isomorphic in some natural way, and that their formal group laws correspond is truly amazing. As formal group law structures are modelled on Lie groups, there is also some analysis in this picture. So this theorem really is a nice meeting point for a lot of interesting mathematics. This result is also often cited as the birth of the field of chromatic homotopy theory, which we will learn more about during the coming years. For now this is what I wanted to say about formal group laws and their relation to algebraic topology, but there is a lot more to explore further on this topic.
This definition is actually of a one-dimensional commutative formal group law, and this is why we required the Lie group to be both one-dimensional and commutative. But for the purposes we are going to use them for, these are the only ones we will consider. ↩
We have only talked about spectra representing reduced cohomology theories, but as reduced and unreduced cohomology theories are equivalent, also unreduced theories can be represented by spectra. ↩
Cohomology
Stable homotopy Next Page »
A first look at spectra


text:
Seager, Rev. George W.
Name Seager, George W.
George W. Segar on some documents
Prefix Rev.
Born 18 Dec 1833 Phelps, Ontario County, New York, USA
Census 6 Jul 1860 Richfield Township, Adams County, Illinois, USA [1]
Died 12 Apr 1865 Jeffersonville, Clark County, Indiana, USA [2]
Buried New Albany National Cemetery, New Albany, Floyd County, Indiana, USA [2]
Family Sackett, Jael, b. 2 Mar 1838, Ohio, USA , d. 9 Sep 1909, Baraboo (Town of), Sauk County, Wisconsin, USA (Age 71 years)
Married 18 Dec 1853 Dorset, Ashtabula County, Ohio, USA [3, 4]
1. Seager, Elizabeth M., b. Mar 1857, Grand Marsh, Adams County, Wisconsin, USA , d. Unknown
+ 2. Seager, Sarah Eugenia, b. 12 Dec 1858, Grand Marsh, Adams County, Wisconsin, USA , d. Unknown
3. Seager, George Franklin, b. Abt 1862, Grand Marsh, Adams County, Wisconsin, USA , d. Unknown
4. Seager, William, b. Abt 1863, Wisconsin, USA , d. Unknown
Jael Sackett (I#05175) and George W. Seager (I#11394) marriage (1853), Ashtabula County, Ohio
Scan obtained by Kim Polzin from Ashtabula County Genealogical Society in April 2015 and includes the permission statement of Jael's mother, Sarah [Heald] Sackett (I#11393).
Born - 18 Dec 1833 - Phelps, Ontario County, New York, USA
Married - 18 Dec 1853 - Dorset, Ashtabula County, Ohio, USA
Child - Seager, Elizabeth M. - Mar 1857 - Grand Marsh, Adams County, Wisconsin, USA
Child - Seager, Sarah Eugenia - 12 Dec 1858 - Grand Marsh, Adams County, Wisconsin, USA
Census - 6 Jul 1860 - Richfield Township, Adams County, Illinois, USA
Child - Seager, George Franklin - Abt 1862 - Grand Marsh, Adams County, Wisconsin, USA
Child - Seager, William - Abt 1863 - Wisconsin, USA
Died - 12 Apr 1865 - Jeffersonville, Clark County, Indiana, USA
Buried - - New Albany National Cemetery, New Albany, Floyd County, Indiana, USA
Pin Legend
Geo died 12 Apr 1865 in Jeffersonville, IN. in a military hospital and is buried in a neighboring military cemetery.
[S500] 1860 U.S. Census (Reliability: 3), 21 Nov 2015.
1860 Census, enumerated 6 July 1860 in Richfield, Adams County, Wisconsin, USA
Household Role Gender Age Birthplace
George W Seagur M 27 New York
Jane Seagur F 21 Ohio
Elizabeth M Seager F 3 Wisconsin
Eugena S Seager F 1 Wisconsin
"United States Census, 1860," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MW9F-T6B : accessed 22 November 2015), Eugena S Seager in household of George W Seagur, Richfield, Adams, Wisconsin, United States; from "1860 U.S. Federal Census - Population," database, Fold3.com (http://www.fold3.com : n.d.); citing p. 70, household ID 521, NARA microfilm publication M653 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 805,399.
Researched by Ted Smith
[S543] Find A Grave (www.findagrave.com) (Reliability: 3), 21 Nov 2015.
From Find A Grave Memorial# 3286361
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=3286361
Pvt George W. Seager
Birth: unknown
Death: Apr. 12, 1865
CO. F. 1st WISC CAV
Pvt. Seager died from erysipelas while at Camp Joe Holt/Jefferson Civil War Hospital
New Albany National Cemetery
Plot: , 758
Imported from: US Veteran's Affairs
Record added: Mar 04, 2000
Find A Grave Memorial# 3286361
[S462] Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2013, (FamilySearch.org) (Reliability: 3), 24 May 2016.
Name George W. Segar
Event Type Marriage
Event Date 18 Sep 1853
Event Place Ashtabula, Ohio, United States
Spouse's Name Jael Sackett
"Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2013," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XD47-Y61 : accessed 24 May 2016), George W. Segar and Jael Sackett, 18 Sep 1853; citing Ashtabula, Ohio, United States, reference 17; county courthouses, Ohio; FHL microfilm 890,265.
[S1353] Ashtabula County Marriages 1853-1878, (Rootsweb) (Reliability: 3).
http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohashtab
Ashtabula County Marriages 1853-1878
[From LDS Film #0890265, Marriage Records, Vol. E-F]
JOEL SACKETT / GEORGE W. SEGAR / 18 Sep 1853

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Detective Thomas Barnitt died as the result of cancer that he developed following his assignment to the search and recovery efforts at the World Trade Center site following the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks.
Detective Barnitt had served with the NYPD for 22 years. He is survived by his wife and two children.


text:
Band Member Discussion Areas
Former Eagles
"American Rock'n'Roll" Review Thread
Thread: "American Rock'n'Roll" Review Thread
sodascouts
Where Faulkner collides with Elvis
I thought it might be nice to have a thread where those of use who have bought the album share our thoughts. We can also post critical reviews in here.
Anyone want to start it off?
Always in our hearts, Never forgotten
Re: "American Rock'n'Roll" Review Thread
Here's a review from Rock and Blues Muse by Mike O'Cull:
"Former Eagles guitarist, singer-songwriter, multi-Grammy winner, Don Felder is a bona fide rock legend who has worked at the highest levels of the music business his entire career. Fans of his brand of straight-up lyrical songwriting and melodic guitar work will be happy to know that Felder is back in the spotlight with a new solo album, American Rock 'N' Roll, that comes out April 5th, 2019 on the BMG imprint. It features Sammy Hagar, Slash, Richie Sambora, Orianthi, Peter Frampton, Joe Satriani, Mick Fleetwood, and many more.
What'll make fans even happier is learning that American Rock 'N' Roll is as good or better than any music Don Felder has ever made. He seems to be that rare artist who's getting better with the passage of time. He logged in 27 years with the Eagles, co-wrote "Hotel California," "Victim of Love" and "Those Shoes" and worked with other important artists including The Bee Gees, Bob Seger, Michael Jackson, Alice Cooper, Kenny Loggins, David Crosby, Graham Nash, Boz Scaggs, Warren Zevon, Joni Mitchell, Stevie Nicks, Stevie Wonder, Elton John, and more.
American Rock 'N' Roll is Don Felder's third solo effort and arguably the strongest of the three. The record was mixed by Bob Clearmountain and mastered by Bernie Grundman. Felder produced the album himself and, at this stage, is more than able to articulate his own vision. Felder's deep songwriting and guitar skills maintain center stage and the set listens like a real album, not just a batch of singles.
The record opens with the lead single and title track "American Rock 'N' Roll," which features stellar performances from Slash, Mick Fleetwood, and Chad Smith. The song is a tribute to the icons of the classic rock era, artists who helped to define the sound of American music in the late 20th Century. "Hearts On Fire" is a gleefully funky rock song with a huge hook that'll instantly become stuck in your ear. "Limelight" is a great mid-tempo shuffle that features intertwined guitar solos from Richie Sambora and Orianthi, two players who can heat up any house in the world.
"Rock You" is a powerful, stadium-shaking kind of song that shows Felder still has plenty of gas in the tank. Joe Satriani rocks some solos on it as only he can and we are also treated to some lead vocals by Sammy Hagar and backups by Bob Weir. Felder can still write ballads like nobody's business and does exactly that on "The Way Things Have To Be." Peter Frampton contributes guitar and backup vocals and Leah Felder sings on the track, as well. Alex Lifeson drops guitar licks on "Charmed" to add some Canadian content to the proceedings and does his usual amazing job.
It's impressive to hear how great this old-school crew sounds. Felder and every musician on this record can deliver the goods live and on two-inch tape, which isn't something to take for granted in our computer age. Felder is one of the great guitarist/singer/songwriters of our age and the combination of his skills and the strength of the other players make American Rock 'N' Roll a perfect thing, an experience that anyone who cares about the core of rock music needs to have.
Put it on, turn it up, and enjoy one of the best albums of 2019. Don't let this one slip by you."
New Kid In Town
Stuck on the Border
Originally Posted by sodascouts
A nice review for Don's album. Good for him - this will probably sell more than his other two albums.
Originally Posted by New Kid In Town
I like the album, but I seem to be the only one who prefers Road to Forever. Both, of course, are far superior to his first effort, Airborne.
LuvTim
The Prairie
Well, that review makes me want to pay closer attention! Thanks for sharing this, soda!
It's all in your smile that brings
All of the special things about you
The first two paragraphs look more like pieces from a press kit than a review. Especially the "...Bee Gees, Bob Seger, Michael Jackson, Alice Cooper, Kenny Loggins, David Crosby, Graham Nash, Boz Scaggs, Warren Zevon, Joni Mitchell, Stevie Nicks, Stevie Wonder, Elton John, and more." "...and more". 藍
But anyway, more and more I'm starting to feel that I must get this album. I have don't have any of his previous ones.
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text:
namespace autofill {
class FormStructure;
}

namespace password_manager {

class PasswordManagerClient;
class PasswordManagerDriver;

// Per-frame helper for password generation. Will enable this feature only if
//
// -  Password manager is enabled
// -  Password sync is enabled
//
// This class is used to determine what forms we should offer to generate
// passwords for and manages the popup which is created if the user chooses to
// generate a password.
class PasswordGenerationFrameHelper {
 public:
  PasswordGenerationFrameHelper(PasswordManagerClient* client,
                                PasswordManagerDriver* driver);

  PasswordGenerationFrameHelper(const PasswordGenerationFrameHelper&) = delete;
  PasswordGenerationFrameHelper& operator=(
      const PasswordGenerationFrameHelper&) = delete;

  virtual ~PasswordGenerationFrameHelper();

  // Instructs the PasswordRequirementsService to fetch requirements for
  // |origin|. This needs to be called to enable domain-wide password
  // requirements overrides.
  void PrefetchSpec(const GURL& origin);

  // Stores password requirements received from the autofill server for the
  // |forms| and fetches domain-wide requirements.
  void ProcessPasswordRequirements(
      const std::vector<autofill::FormStructure*>& forms);

  // Determines current state of password generation
  // |log_debug_data| determines whether log entries are sent to the
  // autofill::SavePasswordProgressLogger.
  //
  // Virtual for testing
  virtual bool IsGenerationEnabled(bool log_debug_data) const;

  // Returns a randomly generated password that should (but is not guaranteed
  // to) match the requirements of the site.
  // |last_committed_url| refers to the main frame URL and may impact the
  // password generation rules that are imposed by the site.
  // |form_signature| and |field_signature| identify the field for which a
  // password shall be generated.
  // |max_length| refers to the maximum allowed length according to the site and
  // may be 0 if unset.
  //
  // Virtual for testing
  //
  // TODO(crbug.com/855595): Add a stub for this class to facilitate testing.
  virtual std::u16string GeneratePassword(
      const GURL& last_committed_url,
      autofill::FormSignature form_signature,
      autofill::FieldSignature field_signature,
      uint32_t max_length);

 private:
  friend class PasswordGenerationFrameHelperTest;

  // The PasswordManagerClient instance associated with this instance. Must
  // outlive this instance.
  raw_ptr<PasswordManagerClient> client_;

  // The PasswordManagerDriver instance associated with this instance. Must
  // outlive this instance.
  raw_ptr<PasswordManagerDriver> driver_;
};

}  // namespace password_manager

#endif  // COMPONENTS_PASSWORD_MANAGER_CORE_BROWSER_PASSWORD_GENERATION_FRAME_HELPER_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Un mercado frontera es un tipo de país en vías de desarrollo más avanzado que los países menos desarrollados, pero demasiado pequeño para ser considerado un mercado emergente. Se trata de un término económico acuñado en 1992 por Farida Khambata, de la Corporación Financiera Internacional (CFI, rama del Banco Mundial). El término se utiliza generalmente para describir los mercados de valores más pequeños y menos accesibles de los países en desarrollo, pero a los que las agencias de calificación (rating) aún asignan rango de inversión (no de especulación ni de bono basura). Los mercados frontera, o preemergentes, son típicamente frecuentados por inversores que buscan un alto rendimiento potencial a largo plazo, así como correlaciones bajas con otros mercados. Algunos mercados frontera fueron antes emergentes, pero han retrocedido al estatus de frontera. Los mercados de valores de los países desarrollados se conocen, en términos de inversión, como mercados desarrollados (developed markets).

Terminología
El término empezó a usarse cuando la base de datos de mercados emergentes (EMDB por sus siglas en inglés) de la CFI, dirigida por Farida Khambata, empezó a publicar datos de mercados más pequeños en 1992. Khambata acuñó el término "mercados frontera" para este conjunto de índices. La agencia de calificación Standard and Poor's (S&P) compró la EMDB a la CFI en 1999, y en octubre de 2007 S&P lanzó el primer índice de inversión sobre estos mercados, el Índice Selectivo Frontera (30 de las mayores compañías de 11 países) y el Índice  Frontera Extendido (150 compañías de 27 países). Posteriormente, MSCI (anteriormente Morgan Stanley) lanzó un índice de mercados frontera rival, y a comienzos de 2008, el Deutsche Bank puso en marcha el primer fondo de inversión cotizado de mercados frontera, en la Bolsa de Londres. Los mercados frontera son un subconjunto de los mercados emergentes, que tienen pequeñas capitalizaciones, o bajos volúmenes  anuales de negociación, o restricciones de mercado inadecuadas para su inclusión en los principales índices de mercados emergentes (EM indexes), pese a lo cual «presentan relativas apertura y accesibilidad para inversores extranjeros» y no se encuentran en «extrema inestabilidad económica y política.»

Los países en esta situación podrían clasificarse aproximadamente en 3 grupos:

 Países pequeños de nivel de desarrollo relativamente alto (como Estonia) pero demasiado reducidos para ser considerados mercados emergentes
 Países con restricciones de inversión que han empezado a aflojarse entre 2000 y 2010 (como los países del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo)
 Países (como Kenia o Vietnam) con un nivel de desarrollo inferior al de los mercados emergentes tradicionales

El término mercados preemergentes se utiliza a veces como sinónimo de "mercados frontera", enfatizando la expectativa de que finalmente ascenderán al estatus de "mercado emergente".

Consideraciones para inversores
Los mercados frontera tienen menores capitalización y liquidez que los mercados emergentes tradicionales.

Que el mercado de valores de un país sea clasificado como mercado frontera implica la expectativa de que, con el tiempo, se volverá más líquido y mostrará un rendimiento y riesgo similares a los mercados emergentes tradicionales.

Los inversores en mercados emergentes dicen que invertir en activos frontera diversificaría y reduciría el riesgo, lo cual contradice la idea general que el riesgo aumentaría al incluir estos activos. Como inversores bien conocidos en estos activos pueden citarse a Thomas Hugger, de Asia Frontier Capital Ltd., o Douglas Clayton, de Leopard Capital.

Quienes se centran en los mercados frontera tienen diferentes opiniones sobre lo que el futuro depara a las correlaciones entre países dentro de la clase de activos financieros. Mientras que estos países comparten algunas características económicas, como poblaciones jóvenes y cada vez mejor formadas, individualmente afrontan diferentes fuerzas internas y externas. Los fondos como Asia Frontier Capital invierten para lograr retornos en países con tendencias ascendentes de consumo nacional, pero ven diferentes los motores de crecimiento cada país. Este planteamiento inversor parece lógico porque una economía basada en la fabricación, como la de Bangladés, no responde de la misma manera a choques externos como un país insular donde una gran proporción de la economía está ligada al turismo, como Sri Lanka.

Otros inversores, como DaMina Advisors, sostienen desde 2010 que fundamentalmente todos los mercados frontera de África, Latinoamérica y Asia se sincronizarán, tal como ha pasado con los económica y culturalmente dispares Brasil, India, China y Rusia.

Aparte de invertir en fondos nacionales específicos, hay otra manera de poner dinero en mercados frontera: comprar participaciones en fondos que replican índices de mercados frontera, como MSCI Frontier Index.

Lista de mercados frontera
Las agencias de calificación FTSE, MSCI, S&P y Russell clasifican (o no) como mercados frontera a los siguientes países:

Cambios pasados
Colombia fue ascendida de mercado frontera a mercado emergente por Standard & Poor's a partir del 19 de septiembre de 2011. Desde entonces ha habido numerosos cambios y actualizaciones. Perú se mantuvo en 2016 como mercado emergente, tras un período en que existió la amenaza de degradarlo a mercado frontera.

Véase también
 Mercados emergentes

Referencias

Términos de comercio
Desarrollismo
Desarrollo internacional
Inversión

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of our friends for their support this year, it is greatly appreciated. We look forward to seeing you all in 2018. Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year from all at Downshire Brass.


text:
/*
 * This file implements the scan which is a general-purpose function for
 * determining what nodes are in an eraseblock. The scan is used to replay the
 * journal, to do garbage collection. for the TNC in-the-gaps method, and by
 * debugging functions.
 */

#include "ubifs.h"

/**
 * scan_padding_bytes - scan for padding bytes.
 * @buf: buffer to scan
 * @len: length of buffer
 *
 * This function returns the number of padding bytes on success and
 * %SCANNED_GARBAGE on failure.
 */
static int scan_padding_bytes(void *buf, int len)
{
	int pad_len = 0, max_pad_len = min_t(int, UBIFS_PAD_NODE_SZ, len);
	uint8_t *p = buf;

	dbg_scan("not a node");

	while (pad_len < max_pad_len && *p++ == UBIFS_PADDING_BYTE)
		pad_len += 1;

	if (!pad_len || (pad_len & 7))
		return SCANNED_GARBAGE;

	dbg_scan("%d padding bytes", pad_len);

	return pad_len;
}

/**
 * ubifs_scan_a_node - scan for a node or padding.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 * @buf: buffer to scan
 * @len: length of buffer
 * @lnum: logical eraseblock number
 * @offs: offset within the logical eraseblock
 * @quiet: print no messages
 *
 * This function returns a scanning code to indicate what was scanned.
 */
int ubifs_scan_a_node(const struct ubifs_info *c, void *buf, int len, int lnum,
		      int offs, int quiet)
{
	struct ubifs_ch *ch = buf;
	uint32_t magic;

	magic = le32_to_cpu(ch->magic);

	if (magic == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
		dbg_scan("hit empty space");
		return SCANNED_EMPTY_SPACE;
	}

	if (magic != UBIFS_NODE_MAGIC)
		return scan_padding_bytes(buf, len);

	if (len < UBIFS_CH_SZ)
		return SCANNED_GARBAGE;

	dbg_scan("scanning %s", dbg_ntype(ch->node_type));

	if (ubifs_check_node(c, buf, lnum, offs, quiet, 1))
		return SCANNED_A_CORRUPT_NODE;

	if (ch->node_type == UBIFS_PAD_NODE) {
		struct ubifs_pad_node *pad = buf;
		int pad_len = le32_to_cpu(pad->pad_len);
		int node_len = le32_to_cpu(ch->len);

		/* Validate the padding node */
		if (pad_len < 0 ||
		    offs + node_len + pad_len > c->leb_size) {
			if (!quiet) {
				ubifs_err("bad pad node at LEB %d:%d",
					  lnum, offs);
				ubifs_dump_node(c, pad);
			}
			return SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE;
		}

		/* Make the node pads to 8-byte boundary */
		if ((node_len + pad_len) & 7) {
			if (!quiet)
				ubifs_err("bad padding length %d - %d",
					  offs, offs + node_len + pad_len);
			return SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE;
		}

		dbg_scan("%d bytes padded, offset now %d",
			 pad_len, ALIGN(offs + node_len + pad_len, 8));

		return node_len + pad_len;
	}

	return SCANNED_A_NODE;
}

/**
 * ubifs_start_scan - create LEB scanning information at start of scan.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 * @lnum: logical eraseblock number
 * @offs: offset to start at (usually zero)
 * @sbuf: scan buffer (must be c->leb_size)
 *
 * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
 */
struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_start_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
					int offs, void *sbuf)
{
	struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
	int err;

	dbg_scan("scan LEB %d:%d", lnum, offs);

	sleb = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_scan_leb), GFP_NOFS);
	if (!sleb)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	sleb->lnum = lnum;
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sleb->nodes);
	sleb->buf = sbuf;

	err = ubifs_leb_read(c, lnum, sbuf + offs, offs, c->leb_size - offs, 0);
	if (err && err != -EBADMSG) {
		ubifs_err("cannot read %d bytes from LEB %d:%d,"
			  " error %d", c->leb_size - offs, lnum, offs, err);
		kfree(sleb);
		return ERR_PTR(err);
	}

	if (err == -EBADMSG)
		sleb->ecc = 1;

	return sleb;
}

/**
 * ubifs_end_scan - update LEB scanning information at end of scan.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 * @sleb: scanning information
 * @lnum: logical eraseblock number
 * @offs: offset to start at (usually zero)
 *
 * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
 */
void ubifs_end_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb,
		    int lnum, int offs)
{
	lnum = lnum;
	dbg_scan("stop scanning LEB %d at offset %d", lnum, offs);
	ubifs_assert(offs % c->min_io_size == 0);

	sleb->endpt = ALIGN(offs, c->min_io_size);
}

/**
 * ubifs_add_snod - add a scanned node to LEB scanning information.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 * @sleb: scanning information
 * @buf: buffer containing node
 * @offs: offset of node on flash
 *
 * This function returns %0 on success and a negative error code on failure.
 */
int ubifs_add_snod(const struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb,
		   void *buf, int offs)
{
	struct ubifs_ch *ch = buf;
	struct ubifs_ino_node *ino = buf;
	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;

	snod = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ubifs_scan_node), GFP_NOFS);
	if (!snod)
		return -ENOMEM;

	snod->sqnum = le64_to_cpu(ch->sqnum);
	snod->type = ch->node_type;
	snod->offs = offs;
	snod->len = le32_to_cpu(ch->len);
	snod->node = buf;

	switch (ch->node_type) {
	case UBIFS_INO_NODE:
	case UBIFS_DENT_NODE:
	case UBIFS_XENT_NODE:
	case UBIFS_DATA_NODE:
		/*
		 * The key is in the same place in all keyed
		 * nodes.
		 */
		key_read(c, &ino->key, &snod->key);
		break;
	default:
		invalid_key_init(c, &snod->key);
		break;
	}
	list_add_tail(&snod->list, &sleb->nodes);
	sleb->nodes_cnt += 1;
	return 0;
}

/**
 * ubifs_scanned_corruption - print information after UBIFS scanned corruption.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 * @lnum: LEB number of corruption
 * @offs: offset of corruption
 * @buf: buffer containing corruption
 */
void ubifs_scanned_corruption(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs,
			      void *buf)
{
	int len;

	ubifs_err("corruption at LEB %d:%d", lnum, offs);
	if (dbg_is_tst_rcvry(c))
		return;
	len = c->leb_size - offs;
	if (len > 8192)
		len = 8192;
	ubifs_err("first %d bytes from LEB %d:%d", len, lnum, offs);
	print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG, "", DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, 32, 4, buf, len, 1);
}

/**
 * ubifs_scan - scan a logical eraseblock.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 * @lnum: logical eraseblock number
 * @offs: offset to start at (usually zero)
 * @sbuf: scan buffer (must be of @c->leb_size bytes in size)
 * @quiet: print no messages
 *
 * This function scans LEB number @lnum and returns complete information about
 * its contents. Returns the scaned information in case of success and,
 * %-EUCLEAN if the LEB neads recovery, and other negative error codes in case
 * of failure.
 *
 * If @quiet is non-zero, this function does not print large and scary
 * error messages and flash dumps in case of errors.
 */
struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_scan(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
				  int offs, void *sbuf, int quiet)
{
	void *buf = sbuf + offs;
	int err, len = c->leb_size - offs;
	struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;

	sleb = ubifs_start_scan(c, lnum, offs, sbuf);
	if (IS_ERR(sleb))
		return sleb;

	while (len >= 8) {
		struct ubifs_ch *ch = buf;
		int node_len, ret;

		dbg_scan("look at LEB %d:%d (%d bytes left)",
			 lnum, offs, len);

		cond_resched();

		ret = ubifs_scan_a_node(c, buf, len, lnum, offs, quiet);
		if (ret > 0) {
			/* Padding bytes or a valid padding node */
			offs += ret;
			buf += ret;
			len -= ret;
			continue;
		}

		if (ret == SCANNED_EMPTY_SPACE)
			/* Empty space is checked later */
			break;

		switch (ret) {
		case SCANNED_GARBAGE:
			ubifs_err("garbage");
			goto corrupted;
		case SCANNED_A_NODE:
			break;
		case SCANNED_A_CORRUPT_NODE:
		case SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE:
			ubifs_err("bad node");
			goto corrupted;
		default:
			ubifs_err("unknown");
			err = -EINVAL;
			goto error;
		}

		err = ubifs_add_snod(c, sleb, buf, offs);
		if (err)
			goto error;

		node_len = ALIGN(le32_to_cpu(ch->len), 8);
		offs += node_len;
		buf += node_len;
		len -= node_len;
	}

	if (offs % c->min_io_size) {
		if (!quiet)
			ubifs_err("empty space starts at non-aligned offset %d",
				  offs);
		goto corrupted;
	}

	ubifs_end_scan(c, sleb, lnum, offs);

	for (; len > 4; offs += 4, buf = buf + 4, len -= 4)
		if (*(uint32_t *)buf != 0xffffffff)
			break;
	for (; len; offs++, buf++, len--)
		if (*(uint8_t *)buf != 0xff) {
			if (!quiet)
				ubifs_err("corrupt empty space at LEB %d:%d",
					  lnum, offs);
			goto corrupted;
		}

	return sleb;

corrupted:
	if (!quiet) {
		ubifs_scanned_corruption(c, lnum, offs, buf);
		ubifs_err("LEB %d scanning failed", lnum);
	}
	err = -EUCLEAN;
	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
	return ERR_PTR(err);

error:
	ubifs_err("LEB %d scanning failed, error %d", lnum, err);
	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
	return ERR_PTR(err);
}

/**
 * ubifs_scan_destroy - destroy LEB scanning information.
 * @sleb: scanning information to free
 */
void ubifs_scan_destroy(struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb)
{
	struct ubifs_scan_node *node;
	struct list_head *head;

	head = &sleb->nodes;
	while (!list_empty(head)) {
		node = list_entry(head->next, struct ubifs_scan_node, list);
		list_del(&node->list);
		kfree(node);
	}
	kfree(sleb);
}


This entry was posted on Tuesday, January 26th, 2016 at 8:07 pm	and is filed under Life Extension Multi Vitamins. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.


text:
Home » Nestle making use of AI concept engine
Nestle making use of AI concept engine
Photo: metamorworks - stock.adobe.com
BARCELONA — Nestle SA has accelerated its product development process by 60% since 2016, according to the company. The faster speed to market has been achieved through a restructuring of its research and development process. Now the company is investing in various forms of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to further improve its R&D process and generate better results.
"We moved, actually, from an average project duration of 33 months to 12 months, and that's an average of different categories," said Stefan Palzer, chief technology officer, during Nestle's investor day on Nov. 29. "In food and beverage, sometimes projects take us only six to nine months, so we are faster now than many of the startups that are out there."
The initial accelerated timeline was developed through simplification of Nestle's overall R&D process. Project approval was reduced from six "gates" to three, the company established 14 R&D accelerators around the world where product development only takes six months from "idea to shop," Palzer said, and product testing is done in real-world conditions.
The use of AI is spreading throughout the organization and is now used in a variety of ways, including concept development, formulation development, plant breeding, clinical data mining, raw material quality assurance, advanced process control and early problem detection.
"We established an artificial intelligence concept engine, which is transforming (social media) insights into concept proposals, which are then evaluated by our employees," Palzer said.
Concepts that are approved are then prototyped and tested. As part of the prototyping process, another AI module that streamlines the formulation development process may be used.
Palzer emphasized AI and machine learning are now necessary product development tools to address the growing complexity of the product development process where products must taste good, be perceived as healthy, be sustainable and be affordable.
"To deal with this complexity we need artificial intelligence tools," he said. "For instance, we developed a clinical data mining approach that allows us to do new discoveries based on existing clinical studies. So, we valorize much more (of) what we have already done in terms of clinical studies, and we use that to create new discoveries and new inventions."
Beyond product development, Nestle also is using AI to improve manufacturing efficiencies. Palzer said some of the company's KitKat manufacturing lines are self-regulating.
"We have loops in those lines, so they detect the product quality, they measure the attributes of the wafer, for instance, and then they regulate the process back," he said. "So, it's a self-controlling mechanism. But we have also developed, for instance, machine learning approaches for preventive maintenance. So, that allows us to reduce downtime of our lines."
Operations Product Development Corporate Strategy Nestle Maintenance Supply Chain Sustainability
KEYWORDS artificial intelligence efficiency food manufacturing Nestle SA prototypes R&D sustainability
Nestle projects emphasize efficiency, growth
Sustainability, environmental stewardship making waves in dairy supply chain
Wilk develops yogurt concept produced with cell-cultured milk fat
Nestle to evaluate products with Health Star Rating system


text:
Liu Xiaobo's Nobel Peace Prize Win Puts Spotlight on China Rights Violations
Amnesty International Press Release
Liu Xiaobo's Nobel Peace Prize Win Puts Spotlight on China Rights Violations, Says Amnesty International
Human rights organization congratulates latest recipient of prestigious award
Contact: AIUSA media relations office, 202-509-8194
(Washington, D.C.) Amnesty International today congratulated Liu Xiaobo as he was awarded the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize and called on the Chinese authorities to release all prisoners of conscience detained in the country including Liu.
Liu, a 54-year-old scholar and author, who won the prize for his outstanding contribution to human rights, is currently serving an 11-year sentence on charges of "inciting subversion of state power" imposed after an unfair trial.
He is a prominent government critic who has repeatedly called for human rights protections, political accountability and democratization in China.
"Liu Xiaobo is a worthy winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, we hope it will keep the spotlight on the struggle for fundamental freedoms and concrete protection of human rights that Liu and many other activists in China are dedicated to," said Catherine Baber, deputy Asia-Pacific director at Amnesty International.
"This award can only make a real difference if it prompts more international pressure on China to release Liu, along with the numerous other prisoners of conscience languishing in Chinese jails for exercising their right to freedom of expression", said Baber.
"As last year's Nobel Peace Prize recipient, President Obama should publicly congratulate Liu to highlight the dire state of human rights in China, said T. Kumar, director of international advocacy for Amnesty International USA. "Amnesty International urges President Obama to call upon Chinese President Hu Jintao to release Liu immediately and unconditionally."
Former president of the Czech Republic Vaclav Havel and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate the Dalai Lama were among those who supported the nomination of Liu for the 2010 award.
Amnesty International was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1977.


The region of National Park Paklenica represents one of the most attractive natural-science and tourist resorts in northeast Mediterranean. The grandiose gorge surrounded by harsh mountain cliffs, distant peaks of Velebit and old pine and beech forests is a challenge for each and every nature lover, scientist and climber. This is the place where we can find a wide variety of flora and fauna some of which are very rare and endemic. This area is especially characterised by its variety of karstic formations. The nearby seaside and coastal atmosphere only add up to the beauty of this park.
The very entrance to the park where harsh mountain clifts almost menacingly overarch a visitor, makes it clear why the biggest, the most famous, and the most beautiful Croatian climbing site is located right at this spot. This is the place where anyone can find something for himself. We can climb sports, short routes, but we can also climb those that are far longer.
This is the place that can satisfy even the adventure routes' lovers. Range of difficulty levels is such that absolute beginners, as well as the experienced climbers can enjoy this place.
All that characterizes Paklenica as a climbing site, that was pointed out in the text above is proved by an increase in number of climbers from all over the Europe.


text:
Q: 3-dimensional hyperbolic space In the 3-dimensional hyperbolic space there are given a plane $\mathcal{P}$ and four distinct lines $a_1, a_2, r_1, r_2$ in such positions that $a_1$ and $a_2$ are perpendicular to $\mathcal{P}$, $r_1$ is coplanar with $a_1, r_2$ is coplanar with $a_2$, finally $r_1$ and $r_2$ intersect $\mathcal{P}$ at the same angle. Rotate $r_1$ around $a_1$ and rotate $r_2$ around $a_2$; denote by $\mathcal{S}_1$ and $\mathcal{S}_2$ the two surfaces of revolution they sweep out. Show that the common points of $\mathcal{S}_1$ and $\mathcal{S}_2$ lie in a plane.

A: Let $L$ be the geodesic segment in $P$ with one endpoint at $a_1 \cap P$ and the other endpoint at $a_2 \cap P$.  Let $b$ be the midpoint of $L$.  We define a plane $Q$ by requiring it to contain $b$ and by requiring it to be perpendicular to $L$ (and thus to $P$). Thus  reflection in $Q$ exchanges $a_1$ and $a_2$.  It is now an exercise to prove that reflection in $Q$ exchanges the "cones" $S_1$ and $S_2$. Thus $S_1 \cap S_2$ lies in the plane $Q$.

Here I am assuming that the lines $r_1$ and $r_2$ actually meet $P$ — the question is slightly unclear on this detail.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Popstarz Forever
As a celebration of Simon's life, it couldn't have gone better. Hundreds of people queued for hours to get in, with most donating more than the minimum £5. The dancing started earlier than usual, and the celebrity guest DJs kicked in at midnight -- Brett Anderson (lead singer of Suede, which they should have mentioned, since name recognition was not high), Brian Molko of Placebo, Siousie Sioux, Kele Okereke of Bloc Party, and more after I left a little after 2am (it was too crowded by that point to dance, and I'd been dancing since 10pm anyway).
One wall of the indie room was taken up by huge blank sheets of card, which were quickly covered with scribbled tributes from everyone there, ranging from grateful to sappy to heartbreakingly sad. Sometime around 1 the staff of Popstarz, Ghetto and Trash Palace gathered on stage and handed out hundreds of free drinks to everyone, and with them high in the air we toasted the wonderful life of the very special Simon Hobart.
It was the right way to do it, and as Tommy said, it was exactly how Simon would have wanted it done: everybody got drunk, everybody had a good time, and it raised a little bit under £10k for charity.


Over the past several years, I've had the distinct displeasure of working with two different women for two different employers who abused the liberal personal call policy.
The first, whose sole job was to answer phone calls at a call center, was notorious for not only taking personal phone calls on her work phone but also for having her cell phone glued to her ear the minute she stepped away from her desk. Additionally, she installed Yahoo messenger, a employer-banned app, and continually re-installed it every time our desktop support specialist removed it, so that she could chat online when she wasn't chatting on the phone.
The second, who had a mountain of work to do that did not include talking on the phone most of the time, was constantly talking to all her friends, her husband, her daughter. Because we shared an office at the time, I found out a lot about her life and the life of her friends. Non-consensually. I found it distracting and irritating.
I have a philosophy about work and personal phone calls.
Work time is for work. Personal time is for personal. Rarely shall the two meet.
I adhere to this pretty strictly. Very few people have my work number and the ones who do have it have the understanding that it is not to be abused. Often, if my cell phone rings during the day, I do not answer it. I will answer texts if I have time. I will answer e-mails if I have time. There is only one person outside family whose attempts to reach me are never ignored. She doesn't abuse this ever. But then, she wouldn't contact me to say nothing at all.
My bosses have appreciated this about me.
Those two women I described above?


The Scottish Youth Parliament is currently campaigning for young people's mental health. We are collecting research to better understand young people in Scotland's awareness of mental health services, and the conversations they have about mental health. If you are a young person aged 14-25 in Scotland, please complete our research survey below to contribute your voice.
Find more information about the Speak Your Mind campaign here.


text:
Review: Markus Schulz and Nikki Flores charm on 'We Are The Light' single Special
Listen | Print
By Markos Papadatos Oct 7, 2018 in Music
World-renowned German DJ and producer Markus Schulz released his new music video for his latest single "We Are The Light."
Flores' vocals on the track are pristine and pure as the driven snow, coupled by Schulz' marvelous, stirring production. "We Are The Light" is the title cut of his seventh career studio album, which will be released on October 12 via Black Hole Recordings.
Their song's music video was directed by Alex Ceausu, and it was produced by Adina Butar. This visually striking video was filmed in Californian redwoods during the snowy months. It perfectly compliments this uplifting tune.
The track "We Are The Light," featuring Nikki Flores, is available on iTunes and on Amazon.
Overall, it is evident that anything Markus Schulz touches turns to gold. His "We Are The Light" collaboration with Nikki Flores is utterly divine. It is an indication that his upcoming album will be an electronic gem. This track and its music video both garner an A rating.
For more information on Markus Schulz and his new music, visit his official website.
More about Markus Schulz, Nikki Flores, Single, We Are The Light
Markus Schulz Nikki Flores Single We Are The Light
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Six individuals were killed after their vehicles collided in Attock
After a speed Suzuki van overturned near the Ghazi Exchanges, two ladies and four men were killed on Saturday morning in Attock.
Nine individuals were hurt, two of them are reportedly serious. The corpses and the wounded were transferred to the clinic.
The police claimed that the car had rolled over when the road was slick due to the rain.
Research has revealed that with the longitude of the dry stretch preceding the rainy day, the probability of an accident increases. If persistent rain has been going on for a while, then the hazard decreases owing to the moist conditions of the road.
People are urged to drive carefully while driving slippery or carefully to be secure
After a truck collided with a troller along Multan Road in Dera Ghazi Khan, 2 persons were killed and 3 wounded in March 2nd.
The collision occurred because of speed, according to Rescue 1122. "The truck driver lost control over the vehicle, leading to the collision," stated an official. The rain made the roadways treacherous earlier in the day, he said.
Attock accident


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Chou Extends Hitting Streak to Five Games Versus Chapman
Chapman (5-5, 3-4) 0 0 1 0 5 2 0 1 0 9 11 0
Caltech (0-13, 0-10) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1
2B: Tyler Cook; Gavin Blodgett; John Wiehe; Conner Larkin
PASADENA, Calif. (Mar. 6, 2015) – Junior Daniel Chou (Blue Bell, Pa. / Wissahickon) extended his hitting streak to five games as the Caltech baseball team hosted Chapman University in the first of a three-game SCIAC series on Friday afternoon.
After an evenly matched first four innings, the Panthers rode a five-run fifth to a 9-0 victory to get back to .500 on the season at 5-5 overall and 3-4 in SCIAC play, while the Beavers are now 0-13 (0-10).
Chou got things started by retiring the Panthers in order from the mound in the top of the first and singling to lead off the bottom of the frame. The junior was the only player to reach second base for either team over the first two innings before Chapman drove in the first run in the third for the 1-0 lead.
The Beavers nearly responded in the bottom of the inning as the leadoff batter, sophomore John Galden (Columbus, Ohio / St. Charles Prep), reached via a hit-by-pitch and advanced to second with one out, but was caught in a rundown in the next at-bat. Chou held it together for one more inning before Chapman's bats came alive, rattling off five runs in the fifth inning, two more in the sixth and a final score in the eighth.
Freshman Chris McCarren (Kenilworth, Ill. / North Shore Country Day) led the Beavers at the plate, going 1-for-3 with a walk, while sophomores Harrison Jacobs (Tucson, Ariz. / Catalina Foothills) and Tim Menninger (Norristown, Pa. / Chestnut Hill Acad.) also recorded hits, with junior Dylan Schultz drawing a walk. Galden allowed just one earned run in two hitless relief innings.
Head Coach Matthew Mark and the Beavers will play a doubleheader at Chapman tomorrow, Saturday, Mar. 7.


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Q: Confusing button focus when using multiple NG Bootstrap datepickers I'm using Angular 8 with NG Bootstrap.
When I have multiple NG Bootstrap datepickers in a single form and click between the datepicker buttons without selecting any dates the button focus seems to jump to the previously clicked datepicker button (StackBlitz  editor and app).
This isn't a big issue, but is there a way to prevent this?
My code:
<input [(ngModel)]="a" ngbDatepicker #d1="ngbDatepicker">
<button (click)="d1.toggle()" type="button">Datepicker</button>

<input [(ngModel)]="b" ngbDatepicker #d2="ngbDatepicker">
<button (click)="d2.toggle()" type="button">Datepicker</button>

<input [(ngModel)]="c" ngbDatepicker #d3="ngbDatepicker">
<button (click)="d3.toggle()" type="button">Datepicker</button>

A: I see this bug reported and there is the pr to fix it


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James Maddock at The Urban Alchemist
357 Nicholson St, Carlton North, Melbourne
A First Timer's Guide to Remedial Massage
Résumé / Curriculum Vitae
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Tennis Elbow and Golfer's Elbow
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Fitness Massage Pain Remedial Massage
DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness) and how to beat it
Post author By James Maddock
Recent research in the last few years [footnote] Hiroki Ota (n.d.). TRPV1 and TRPV4 Play Pivotal Roles in Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. Journals.plos.org. Retrieved from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0065751[/footnote][footnote] Katharina Zimmermann (n.d.). Central Projection of Pain Arising from Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) in Human Subjects. Journals.plos.org. Retrieved from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0047230 [/footnote] suggest that a large component of DOMS is […]
Tags delayed onset muscle soreness, DOMS, fitness, good habits, gym, magnesium, massage, msucle pain, muscle tension, muscles, personal trainer, power, tight muscles, weightlifting, workouts
Anatomy and Physiology Body-Mind Fitness Nutrition Remedial Massage
Why Coordination Is More Important Than Strength
I love working with bodies. They're amazing. We are evolved to be as efficient as possible at all times, and strength, power and endurance are no different. That's me, three days ago, on my fourth set of three 50 kg close-grip bench press. It was only on the fifth and final set that I struggled. Up until […]
Tags coordination, energy, fitness, gym, mitochondria, muscles, power, training, weightlifting, workouts
© 2023 James Maddock at The Urban Alchemist


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Guam records second best April in visitor arrivals
"We're proud of the efforts that go into making our tourism industry thrive and we thank the folks at the Guam Visitors Bureau for working hard day in and day out with their industry partners to show how tourism works for Guam. We stand committed to supporting the over 21,000 men and women that are part of Guam's top industry."
— Governor Eddie Baza Calvo
Second best April in Guam history
Guam continues to make records in visitor arrivals. April 2018 finished second best with 117,689 visitors being welcomed to the island:
April 2017 – 122,622
"It's important to note that April is traditionally known as one of the slowest months of the year. If Guam received 100,000 visitors in years past, it meant it was a good month. We welcomed over 117,000 visitors this year, thanks to growth and diversification of our markets, and events that occurred throughout this month," said GVB President and CEO Nathan Denight.
GVB strategically plans events in the slower months of the year to attract more visitors. Events like the United Guam Marathon, Smokin' Wheels Weekend, Marianas Open and the AKB48 Fan Tour helped the overall visitor arrivals in April, which is considered the start of the visitor industry's off-season.
Meanwhile, Korea arrivals grew by 12.6% when compared to the same period last year. Other markets that additionally demonstrated growth and diversification in the month of April include The Russia Federation by 35.8%, Europe by 32.9%, Palau by 27.7% and U.S. and Hawaii by 13.8%.
"A lot of work goes into promoting Guam and all of its events, activities, and services to the world. Let's encourage each other to keep sharing our unique Chamorro culture, our traditions and the island's natural beauty with everyone. We're all ambassadors of this island paradise," said Lt. Governor Ray Tenorio. "I also want to personally thank our hospitality workers as we celebrate Tourism Month in May. Biba Guam!"
Airline Development Initiatives
GVB has pushed forward with air service initiatives to help with the recovery of Guam's air seat capacity. Specifically for the Japan market, the main reason for the decline of seats is primarily due to Delta pulling out of Guam, Saipan and Palau, and United's reduction of flights to Guam. However, while there are fewer seats, demand is still there to travel to Guam.
GVB has analyzed the load factor of airlines to Guam, which takes the total number of passengers per flight and divides that by the total number of available seats. Measuring the load factor of an airline helps determine the performance of the route with how many seats are filled.
What GVB has learned is that load factors for Guam's top markets of Japan and Korea have shown improvement for April compared to last year. For Japan, the load factor for the month of April 2018 was around 75% compared to 2017, which was about 70%. Korea's load factor remains strong as April 2018 recorded around 88% compared to the previous year's 89%.
For the next three months, GVB forecasts that load factors in Japan will perform 15% better than last year, which is an 81% average load factor between May and July. In 2017, the load factor averaged 66%. What this means is there is still a demand from the Japanese market to visit Guam, as more seats are being filled in the current seating inventory for 2018.
Furthermore, Japanese travel agents have announced their summer charter schedule between July to September 2018, which will provide 33,277 more seats to Guam, about double from last year's numbers. More than 350 charters are scheduled to operate through the rest of the year.
GVB and the Guam International Airport Authority (GIAA) continue to work closely to offer its regular air service support program and the airport's incentive plan for discounted fees. That partnership led to Japan Airlines completing its first full month with second daily flights from Narita to Guam. This will bring an additional 40,000 seats to the island through the end of October. United will also add 20 more flights between Tokyo and Nagoya and Guam that will run in August. GVB is additionally in communication with other existing carriers to increase service and other full service carriers and Low Cost Carriers (LCCs) to consider opening up new routes to Guam.
Denight added, "A tremendous amount of effort has been made to bring in more charters flights to help with the loss of seats in the Japan market and further Guam's presence. We're also doing our best to keep our other markets growing and looking into newer markets, like LGBTQ, to attract more visitors on a global scale. Our work is far from over, but we're making progress."
Media Contact: JOSH TYQUIENGCO - Public Information Officer
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Guam Visitors Bureau recognizes the use of diacritical markings of the (modern) Chamorro language including the glotta (e.g., Si Yu'os Ma'ase) and the lonat (e.g., Håfa Adai). However, you may notice these diacritical markings have been omitted in areas throughout the website to ensure the best online experience for our visitors. Guam Visitors Bureau recognizes the importance of using these markings to preserve the language and culture of Guam and respectfully uses them in all communications beyond the online platform. Privacy Policy
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Denver Nuggets MONEYLINE payout currently is $167.57 for a $100 bet. The best payout so far on a $100 MONEYLINE bet has been $181.97.
These MONEYLINE odds imply Denver Nuggets a 60% chance of winning. If you think Denver Nuggets chances of winning are better than 60% then betting Denver Nuggets on the MONEYLINE would be a smart bet for you.
Brooklyn Nets MONEYLINE payout currently is $248.00 for a $100 bet. Brooklyn Nets MONEYLINE payout has increased $26.00 versus when the moneyline first opened.
If you like Brooklyn Nets on the MONEYLINE, there has never been a better time so far to bet it. The question is will this chart improve even more or should you bet it now?
These MONEYLINE odds imply Brooklyn Nets a 40% chance of winning. If you think Brooklyn Nets chances of winning are better than 40% then betting Brooklyn Nets on the MONEYLINE would be a smart bet for you.
The best time to have taken the POINTS SPREAD so far with Denver Nuggets was when the line was -2.0.
With Brooklyn Nets you're getting 1.5 more points now versus when the line first opened.
If you like Brooklyn Nets with the POINTS SPREAD, there has never been a better time so far to bet it. Will the spread for Brooklyn Nets get even better as the game gets closer is the question?
The TOTAL POINTS has moved up 2.0 points. The best time to take the OVER was when the total was at 224.0.
There has never been a better time to take the UNDER at 226.0 if you like it.


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BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN ROCKS ASBURY PARK AT LEGENDARY CLUB RE-OPENING
by admin | Jun 19, 2018 | Music News
Last night (June 18th), Bruce Springsteen once again rocked Asbury Park, New Jersey for the re-opening of the famed bowling alley and concert venue Asbury Lanes. The evening featured sets by Portugal. the Man and Tangiers Blues Band -- who backed "The Boss" on a half-hour four-song set consisting of Huey "Piano" Smith's "Rockin' Pneumonia And The Boogie Woogie Flu," Willie Dixon's "I Just Wanna Make Love To You," Dan Raye's "Down The Road A Piece," and the Isley Brothers' classic "Twist And Shout."
The Tangiers Blues Band features noted Springsteen and rock photographer Danny Clinch on harmonica. Proceeds from last night's event benefited the Boys and Girls Clubs of Monmouth County.
Bruce Springsteen explained that hitting the stage primed to excite and entertain is a huge part of what great live music is about and an art form he learned in the clubs in and around Asbury Park, New Jersey: "It's the 'showtime' -- y'know, I think people are frightened of the word 'show' sometimes, but that's what it is. And also, I think it's perceived when you say 'show' for some reason, it gets mixed up with the idea that it's false. But really, it's just a series of tools that allow you to communicate what you're trying to say to the audience, y'know? It's a bridge to the audience when employed correctly. And I love all my favorite entertainers -- they were serious, they were clowns, and they did all kinds of -- they were showmen, and that's just a part of our background. And it was essential when you played in a lot of bars in New Jersey where the audiences could be hostile."


One of the most energetic coaches in Ohio, he led his teams to 440 victories in 31 years as a head coach, the last 25 years as the head coach at Cambridge High School. Gene started his coaching career at Shenandoah 1974-75 and from 1975-80 he was the coach at Tusky Valley.
Gene graduated from Indian Valley North High School in 1970 where he earned 11 varsity letters in baseball, track and basketball. He graduated from Muskingum College in 1974 where he was a 4-year letterman in basketball and was chosen for the UPI "Small American" team. Gene was also chosen for the National Association of Basketball Coaches District 4 All-American team. He was an active member of the OHSBCA for 31 years. He served as District 12 President and was the East-West District 12 All-Star Game Director. He is on the Board of Trustees for the OHSAA Foundation and on the Board of Trustees for the Ohio Hoop Zone. He was the recipient of the Samuel A Mumley / OVAC All-Star Basketball Classic Earl Haberfield Coaches Award.
Coach Ford's honors include: the OVAC All-Star Game Coach, Division 2 State Coach of the Year, Wendy's Classic All-Star Game Coach and North-South All-Star Game Coach. He was inducted into the Muskingum College Hall of Fame as a charter member in 1980.
Gene's teams won: 18 sectional titles, 8 district titles, 5 regional titles and were the State Runner-up in 1994-95. Near the end of his coaching career he was immortalized with a "bobble head" statue in his honor with the proceeds from the sale going to the Scott Bennett Memorial Scholarship Fund for students a Cambridge High School.
Gene's philosophy of life and basketball is: I'm just a coal miner's son from Midvale, but I have learned how to hold a team together, how to lift some men up, how to calm down others, until they have one heart beat together. There are just three things to every say: (1) If anything goes bad, I did it. (2) If anything goes semi-good, then we did it. (3) If anything goes real good, then you did it. That's all it takes to get people to win basketball games for you.
Gene has three boys: Geno, 32, Dustin 28, and Ryan, 21. His four grandchildren are Max, 2, Abbie Jo, 4, David, 2, and Darin 11. Coach Ford is now assisting his son, Geno, as coach of Muskingum College.


Ensure MSDSs for phenolic resins include, at a minimum, warnings that dust from these products can be explosive.
Develop and distribute educational material, in addition to MSDSs, to inform customers of the explosion hazard of phenolic resin dust.
Communicate the findings and recommendations of this report to your customers that purchase phenolic resin.
Evaluate your facilities that handle combustible dusts and ensure that good practice guidelines such as NFPA 654 are followed.
Ensure that company design standard's applicable to facilities that handle combustible dust's incorporate good engineering practices to prevent dust explosions, such as NFPA 654.
Develop a combustible dust safety program using good practice guidelines, such as NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids. At a minimum: Minimize surfaces where combustible dust could accumulate in the design or modification of the plant.
Develop a combustible dust safety program using good practice guidelines, such as NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids. At a minimum: Ensure phenolic resin-handling facilities are designed to prevent the spread of fires or explosions involving combustible dust. Options include measures such as the use of firewalls and blast-resistant construction.
Develop a combustible dust safety program using good practice guidelines, such as NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids. At a minimum: Prevent the unsafe accumulation and dispersion of combustible dust by frequently cleaning process areas, including locations above production lines.
Develop a combustible dust safety program using good practice guidelines, such as NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids. At a minimum: Minimize the dispersion of combustible dust by using appropriate dust-cleaning methods and tools.
Develop a combustible dust safety program using good practice guidelines, such as NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids. At a minimum: Address the dangers of combustible dust and the prevention of dust explosions in the hazard communication training program.
Conduct hazard assessments of ovens to ensure that fire detection and suppression systems are adequate, using good practice guidelines such as NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces.
Develop procedures to maintain safety during nonroutine operating conditions, such as the loss of oven temperature control.
Revise the incident investigation program to ensure that the underlying causes of incidents such as fires are identified and corrective actions implemented.
Incorporate the findings and recommendations of this report in your training of employees who conduct inspections at facilities that may handle combustible dusts.
Communicate the findings and recommendations of this report to your membership.
Incorporate the findings and recommendations of this report in your continuing training of inspectors, plan reviewers, technical advisors, and fire marshal general inspectors who interface with facilities that may handle combustible dusts.
Identify sites that handle combustible dusts when facilities apply for new or modified construction permits, and use this information to help prioritize establishments that will be inspected by the fire marshal.
Closed - Exceeds Recommended Action (C - ERA) - Action on the recommendation meets and surpasses the objectives envisioned by the Board.
Develop and distribute an educational bulletin on the prevention of combustible dust explosions.
Enhance the training program for compliance officers regarding the recognition and prevention of combustible dust explosion hazards.
Communicate to the owners of pressure vessels, mechanical contractors, engineering consulting companies, and insurance companies doing business in Kentucky that used pressure vessels are not exempt from registration and initial inspection before being placed in service in Kentucky.
Institute procedures to ensure that pressure vessels are designed, fabricated, and operated according to applicable codes and standards.
Audit all vessels at all D. D. Williamson facilities and ensure that they are: Equipped with adequate overpressure protection, as warranted. Equipped with alarms or interlocks, as warranted.
Implement a program to review existing equipment when it is used for new purposes and when safety devices are removed or altered.
Implement a hazard evaluation procedure to determine the potential for catastrophic incidents and necessary safeguards.
Audit manual control of process conditions, such as temperature and pressure, and determine if safeguards are needed.
Upgrade written operating procedures and train operators on the revised procedures.
Communicate to your members that used pressure vessels are not exempt from registration and initial inspection before being placed in service in Kentucky.
Communicate the findings of this report to your membership.
Effectively participate in the National Fire Protection Association's standard development process to develop guidance on the safe disposal of fireworks, as recommended under recommendation 2011-06-I-HI-R7.
Establish formal policy requiring that: • Solicitations for contracts dealing with the storage, handling, and disposal of explosive hazardous materials, including fireworks, incorporate rigorous safety-related contractor selection provisions such as those provided in the DoD's Contractor's Safety Manual for Ammunition and Explosives, Section C1.5, "Pre-Award Safety Survey"; and • Contracts dealing with the storage, handling, and disposal of explosive hazardous materials, including fireworks, include a provision requiring that any subcontract (regardless of tier) for the storage, handling, and disposal of explosives (including fireworks) be selected based on rigorous safety-related contractor selection provisions such as those provided in the DOD's Contractor Safety Manual for Ammunition and Explosives, Section C1.5, "Pre-Award Safety Survey."
Establish a formal policy requiring that contracts and subcontracts dealing with the storage, handling, and disposal of explosive hazardous materials, including fireworks, incorporate rigorous safety-related contractor oversight provisions such as those provided in the DoD's Contractor's Safety Manual for Ammunition and Explosives, Section C1.6, "Pre-Operational Safety Survey" and C1.7, "Post-Award Contractor Responsibilities" to provide effective oversight of subcontractors handling and disposing of explosives and hazardous materials.
When the NFPA guidance developed by the National Fire Protection Association for the safe disposal of fireworks as recommended under recommendation 2011-06-I-HI-R7 is completed, incorporate this document by reference into the formal policies established by 2011-06-I-HI-R2 and 2011-06-I-HI-R3.
Revise the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Subtitle C regulations to require a permitting process with rigorous safety reviews to replace the use of emergency permits under 40 CFR §270.61 for the disposal of explosive hazardous materials, including fireworks. At a minimum, the new process should require the use of best available technology, safe disposal methodologies, as well as safety management practices, such as those required by OSHA's Process Safety Management Standard (PSM), 29 CFR §1910.119 (e.g., hazard analysis and control, management of change).
Establish an additional contractor responsibility determination requirement under Subpart 9.104-1 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) addressing contractor safety performance. The analysis under this requirement should focus on incident prevention, and environmental and system safety. At a minimum, the language should specifically require the review of a prospective contractor's: • Environmental and safety programs; • Safety record and incident history; • Ability to use safe methods for any work involving hazardous materials (including explosives); and • Suitable training and qualifications for the personnel involved in the work including prior relevant safety experience.
Develop a new standard, or incorporate within an existing standard, best practices for the safe disposal of waste fireworks that are consistent with environmental requirements. At a minimum this guidance or standard should: • Discourage the disassembly of waste fireworks as a step in the disposal process; • Minimize the accumulation of waste explosive materials, and encourage practices that reduce, recycle, reuse,or repurpose fireworks; and • Incorporate input from ATF, EPA, and other agencies, experts, and available resources on fireworks disposal methodologies.
Require additional provisions within the TEOAF seized property management contract, such as a contract line item number (CLIN), that provide for the prime contractor to use expert(s) to assist the prime contractor's personnel in the selection and oversight of subcontractors who handle, store, or dispose of explosive hazardous materials, including fireworks, pursuant to the main contract.
Work with State and local agencies to address concerns about the long-term health effects of the chlorine release in Festus, Missouri, and communicate your findings to the community.
Implement a materials verification procedure to improve quality assurance during chlorine transfer hose fabrication and shipment, such that hoses shipped to customers are readily identifiable and meet required specifications.
Work with the Association of Hose and Accessories Distributors (NAHAD) and chlorine hose manufacturers, such as Crane-Resistoflex, to develop and implement a recommended practice requiring continuous positive identification (e.g., coding, stenciling, stamping) throughout the supply chain, from manufacturing to the end user of the product.
Develop recommended practices to address moisture in dry chlorine piping systems. Include information on suggested material specifications, prevention and corrective measures, and adverse consequences (particularly for emergency shutdown [ESD] systems).
Develop recommended practices for testing, inspection, and preventative maintenance of ESD systems for bulk transfer of chlorine.
Revise the mechanical integrity program: Develop and implement a quality assurance management system, such as positive materials identification, to confirm that chlorine transfer hoses (CTH) are of the appropriate materials of construction.
Revise the mechanical integrity program: Implement procedures and practices to ensure the emergency shutdown (ESD) system operates properly. Include procedures to verify that the ESD valves will close to shut down the flow of chlorine.
Revise the mechanical integrity program: Revise the preventive maintenance and inspection program for the chlorine transfer system to address moisture-related corrosion. Evaluate and correct any problems associated with corrosion that could potentially lead to chlorine transfer and safety system failure.
Revise the mechanical integrity program: Require periodic inspection of the above critical safety systems by the operations or facility manager.
Revise the Emergency Response Plan: Develop procedures to clearly designate the roles and responsibilities of facility emergency response personnel, including post-incident remediation.
Revise the Emergency Response Plan: Develop and implement a timetable for drills to test emergency response personnel on various levels of response, including a large uncontrolled release that could affect the public. Coordinate these drills with local emergency response authorities. Provide a copy of the revised Emergency Response Plan to the local emergency planning committee, and review the plan with the committee and the local fire department. Work with these authorities to implement an improved community emergency notification system.
Revise the Emergency Response Plan: Improve accessibility of equipment required for emergency response, considering likely response scenarios.
In light of the findings of this report, conduct periodic audits of the safety management systems involved in this incident, such as mechanical integrity, emergency response, and material quality assurance. Ensure that the audit recommendations are tracked and implemented. Share findings and recommendations with the work force at your repackaging facilities.
To improve supervision of day-to-day operations, revise your corporate safety management training program on chlorine repackaging operations. Emphasize safety critical systems, including verification of safety system performance.
Communicate the findings and recommendations of this report to all DPC facilities.
Work with DPC to implement a community notification system that will immediately alert neighboring residents and businesses of a chemical release.
Work with DPC, local emergency planning and response authorities in Jefferson and adjacent counties, the City of Festus, and Crystal City to improve overall response and mitigation time.
In collaboration with appropriate agencies, hold a community meeting in Festus, Missouri, to hear concerns raised by local citizens affected by the DPC incident and to respond to issues raised by the community.
Communicate the findings and recommendations of this report to local emergency planning committees (LEPC), emergency management agencies (EMA), and local fire departments.
Work with The Chlorine Institute and chlorine hose manufacturers, such as Crane-Resistoflex, to develop and implement a recommended practice requiring continuous positive identification (e.g.,coding, stenciling, stamping) throughout the supply chain, from manufacturing to the end user of the product.
Clarify the chemistry involved in over-chlorination incidents so that "Chlorine Scrubbing Systems, Pamphlet 89," and other pertinent publications: -Ensure that the recommended practices and safeguards prevent, mitigate, and control hazardous releases due to bleach decomposition. -Provide sufficient detail on the safety and environmental consequences of over-chlorination to enable companies to provide emergency responders with information on the potential characteristics of over-chlorination events, and on the best means of mitigating the bleach decomposition reaction following a release.
Establish and implement DPC corporate engineering standards that include adequate layers of protection on chlorine scrubbers at DPC facilities, including: -additional interlocks and shutdowns, such as automatically stopping chlorine flow to the scrubber upon oxidation-reduction potential alarm; -mitigation measures, such as systems to automatically add caustic to over-chlorinated scrubbers, or back-up scrubbing capability to treat emissions from over-chlorinated scrubbers; -increases in the final caustic concentration in the scrubbers to eight percent or higher to provide a substantial safety margin against over-chlorination; and -use of the site's continuous bleach manufacturing system to convert scrubber solution to saleable bleach.
Revise scrubber SOPs to include: -clearly described operating limits and warnings about the consequences of exceeding those limits, and -the safety and environmental hazards associated with scrubber over-chlorination.
Train employees on the revised SOPs and include a test to verify understanding. Periodically review operator understanding of and conformance to the scrubber SOPs.
Include scrubber operation in facility PHAs. Ensure that they: -include lessons learned from this incident and other DPC scrubber incidents, as well as industry experience with over-chlorination, and -consider off-site consequences when evaluating the adequacy of existing safeguards.
Use a qualified, independent auditor to evaluate DPC's PSM and RMP programs against best practices. Implement audit recommendations in a timely manner at all DPC chlorine repackaging sites.
Implement a recognized safety management system, including third party verification and certification, to achieve documented continuous improvement in safety performance at Glendale and the other DPC chlorine repackaging sites.
Work with the Glendale Police Department to integrate them into the incident command structure during hazardous material incidents, and address communications issues, such as radio interoperability, to ensure the timely transmission of critical safety information to responding officers.
Conduct hazardous materials exercises with the Glendale Police Department to identify and resolve police/fire integration issues. Coordinate exercise planning with the Arizona Division of Emergency Management Exercise Officer and with the Maricopa County LEPC. Schedule periodic hazardous materials incident drills to ensure safe and effective responses to future hazardous materials incidents.
Work with the Glendale Fire Department to integrate the Glendale Police Department into the command structure during hazardous material incidents, and address communications issues, such as radio interoperability, to ensure the timely transmission of critical safety information to responding officers.
Ensure that police officers responding to hazardous material incidents are briefed on specific incident conditions, and are equipped with and trained on the proper use, capabilities, and limitations of appropriate protective equipment.
Ensure that police officers receive hazardous materials - operations level training, and annual hazardous materials and air purifying respirator (APR) refresher training.
Conduct exercises with the Glendale Fire Department to identify and resolve police/fire integration issues. Coordinate exercise planning with the Arizona Division of Emergency Management Exercise Officer and with the Maricopa County LEPC. Schedule periodic hazardous materials incident drills to ensure safe and effective responses to future hazardous materials incidents.
Revise DPC's permitted operating conditions to specify a minimum scrubber caustic concentration of 8 percent or more, as determined by laboratory measurement, with measurements taken daily and upon completion of each scrubber batch.