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Posts Tagged 'work'
By Northern Immigration Australia | December 26, 2019 | 0
So you're thinking of migrating to Australia? Here are 10 reasons to seriously consider Regional Australia. Australia is a beautiful and exciting country with lots of opportunities for migrants, especially in regional areas. The Australian Government has introduced reforms and incentives to encourage migrants to live and work in regional areas. "Regional" means anywhere outside…
By Northern Immigration Australia | December 4, 2018 | 0
In time for the end of year holiday season, the Australian Government has announced changes for Working Holiday Visas (Subclasses 417 & 462) and to the Seasonal Worker Program. The changes will give Working Holiday Visa holders options to stay in Australia longer, work in different areas of Australia and (for some countries) increase the…
By Northern Immigration Australia | June 17, 2018 | 0
Making the move to Australia can be an exciting time, but also somewhat daunting if you are looking at moving under a Work, Employer Sponsored or Skilled Visa. Or you may be already in Australia on a temporary visa and need to find work suited to your qualifications. One of the most common questions we…
Newest changes in Immigration: DOHA and Occupation List changes – 17 January 2018
By Northern Immigration Australia | January 17, 2018 | 8
Happy New Year! We hope you've had a good start to 2018. We are back from our break and ready for an interesting and exciting year ahead! We kick off our blog for 2018 with an overview of the newest changes in Immigration. I) Immigration Department's change of name and structure Most of you would…
Immigration Law for businesses in the Northern Territory on 14 December 2017
By Northern Immigration Australia | November 27, 2017 | 0
Do you manage a business with overseas staff in the NT? Our Principal Migration Agent and Director has been invited by the Business Enterprise Centre NT (BECNT) to talk about the recent and upcoming changes in Immigration Law and how they affect NT businesses. Book your ticket for Thursday, 14 December 2017, 5:30pm to 7:00pm…
Skilled Regional Visa Subclass 489
By Northern Immigration Australia | July 26, 2017 | 62
There have been significant changes in Australian immigration law this year. We have been receiving many enquiries from people who are unsure if they still qualify for a visa. The Skilled Regional Visa Subclass 489 is still a great visa option! In particular, changes to the age limit to 45 years and higher English language skills…
Changes in Australia's Immigration Laws as of 1 July 2017
By Northern Immigration Australia | July 5, 2017 | 4
Today, Northern Immigration Australia's director and Principal Migration Agent, Manuela Seiberth has been published in the NT News about the changes in Australia's Immigration Laws introduced on 1 July 2017. We understand the changes are causing confusion and uncertainty for both, employers and applicants. Please contact us if you have any questions, or would like…
RSMS 187 Visa Nomination approved in only 5 months!
By Northern Immigration Australia | June 6, 2017 | 63
Congratulations to our clients who got the RSMS 187 Visa Nomination – Regional Sponsored Migration Scheme – Subclass 187 visa approved in only five months! According to the Department of Immigration the usual processing time currently is 13-14 months. Not when the visa & immigration specialists at Northern Immigration Australia handle your application: we prepare decision…
BREAKING NEWS: 457 visa to be abolished
By Northern Immigration Australia | April 18, 2017 | 4
No more 457 visa for foreign workers in Australia! Today, 18 April 2017, the Australian Government has announced to abolish the Temporary Work (Skilled) visa (Subclass 457). The Australian Prime Minister, Mr Malcolm Turnbull, advised: "We are putting jobs first and we're putting Australians first by abolishing 457 visas. We will no longer allow 457…
Work, study & travel in Australia
By Northern Immigration Australia | March 6, 2016 | 2
Are you between 18 and 30 years old? Do you want to work, study and travel in Australia? Australia has agreements with the following countries: Belgium Canada Republic of Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Hong Kong Ireland Italy Japan Republic of Korea Malta Netherlands Norway Sweden Taiwan the UK. As well as: Argentina Bangladesh…


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Q: Run Rails Engine standalone Provided I have a mountable Rails Engine, what's the minimal config to mount it at a certain endpoint as a standalone app (not part of any other app)?
This would preferably be just a simple Rack app so that I could choose an appropriate web server (unicorn, puma etc).

A: Since you have not given a particular rails engine you want to use, I will create a sample one.
$ rails plugin new blorgh --mountable
$ cd blorgh

Now, since a rails engine is a rack app & can be run standalone. all you need is add a config.ru file with following contents:
# This file is used by Rack-based servers to start the application.
require 'rubygems'
require 'bundler'
require 'rails'
Bundler.require(:default)
run Blorgh::Engine

With this you have your Rails engine that can be run standalone without any extra app. Here is how to run this
$ bundle exec rackup config.ru
[2015-11-16 09:43:26] INFO  WEBrick 1.3.1
[2015-11-16 09:43:26] INFO  ruby 2.2.3 (2015-08-18) [x86_64-darwin14]
[2015-11-16 09:43:26] INFO  WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=38105 port=9292

now to open this, goto localhost:9292. you will get a 404 not found which makes sense as this engine has no routes. But you can add that easily.
Further, this can also be deployed to hosting providers like Heroku. they will detect config.ru file & other config will happen automagically.
Let me know if this answers your question.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Find Trails > California > Western States Pioneer Express Recreation Trail
Western States Pioneer Express Recreation Trail
Western States Pioneer Express Recreation Trail Facts
States: California
Counties: El Dorado, Placer
Trail end points: Auburn Staging Area, Gum Lane (Auburn) and Jedediah Smith Memorial Trail and Hazel Avenue (Fair Oaks)
Trail surfaces: Dirt, Gravel
Trail activities: Horseback Riding, Walking, Cross Country Skiing
Western States Pioneer Express Recreation Trail Photos
Western States Pioneer Express Recreation Trail Description
The Western States Pioneer Trail runs for 34 miles between Jedediah Smith Memorial Trail and Auburn Equestrian Staging Area near Gum Lane in Auburn. The trail, open to hikers and horseback riders only, follows the winding course of the American River along the old railroad grade built by the Pacific Portland Cement Company in the early 1900s. The line was used to transport limestone from their quarries near Auburn with the Southern Pacific Mainline in Auburn itself.
The trail is remote and you won't find services along the way. Bring your water and food. For more information, contact the California Department of Parks and Recreation, the trail managers.
Access the trail from the Auburn State Recreation Area.
National Recreation Trails
No Hands Bridge
Auburn State Recreation Area
Folsom Lake State Recreation Area
American River Bike Trail (Jedediah Smith Memorial Trail)
California - 32 miles
The American River Bike Trail (a.k.a. the Jedediah Smith Memorial Trail) hugs the banks of the American River as it flows through riparian habitat...
Lake Natoma Trail
California - 6 miles
Although most area residents (and Google Maps) consider the Lake Natoma Trail part of the American River Bike Trail, it is a separate trail in its own...
Folsom South Canal Recreation Trail
California - 15.5 miles
The Folsom South Canal Recreation Trail provides a useful connection from southeast Sacramento County to the American River Bike Trail. The canal was...
Folsom Parkway Rail Trail
California - 2.9 miles
The Folsom Parkway Rail Trail extends from historic downtown Folsom to a connection with the Lake Natoma Trail north of US 50. The trail provides a...
Sunrise Bikeway
The Sunrise Bikeway is a short but important commuter route in the suburbs of northeast Sacramento, linking neighborhoods with businesses and...
Humbug-Willow Creek Trail
The Humbug-Willow Creek Trail is really a collection of multi-use trails in the city of Folsom, about 32 miles' worth, and more are planned. The...
Johnny Cash - Folsom Prison Blues Trail
The Johnny Cash - Folsom Prison Blues Trail skirts the Folsom State Prison, which Cash sang about in his well-known 1955 song "Folsom Prison Blues."...
Oak Parkway Trail
The Oak Parkway Trail covers just over 2 miles across Folsom, a suburb of Sacramento, providing an important connection between the eastern and...
Mather Heritage Trail
What do you do when you have a disused railroad, and a nearly impassible highway? Rail-trail advocates in Rancho Cordova recognized the potential to...
Dry Creek Greenway (Roseville)
Roseville's Dry Creek Greenway is planned to one day span 4.25 miles through the southern neighborhoods of this central California town. Currently,...
Miners Ravine Trail
The Miners Ravine Trail winds its way through the city of Roseville, following the course of Miners Ravine and Dry Creek through a wooded greenway and...
El Dorado Trail
Passing through California's historic Gold Rush country, the El Dorado Trail runs more than 35 miles from Camino west to the line between El Dorado...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Abraham Maslow has become famous as a psychologist for his "hierarchy of needs." He focuses more on the healthy personality, rather than on forms of psychopathology. He belongs to the tradition of existential-humanistic thinking in America. These extracts from texts written in the middle of the 20th century have not lost any of their insight and freshness.
Deficiency motivation and growth motivation (1955)
Toward a Psychology of Health (1956)
Basic Needs and their Hierarchical Arrangement (1957)
So far as motivational status is concerned, healthy people have sufficiently gratified their basic needs for safety, belongingness, love, respect and self-esteem so that they are motivated primarily by trends to self-actualization (defined as ongoing actualization of potentials, capacities and talents, as fulfillment of mission (or call, fate, destiny, or vocation), as a fuller knowledge of, and acceptance of, the person's own intrinsic nature, as an unceasing trend toward unity, integration or synergy within the person). These healthy people are there defined by describing their clinically observed characteristics. These are:
Superior perception of reality.
Increased acceptance of self, of others and of nature.
Increased spontaneity.
Increase in problem-centering.
Increased detachment and desire for privacy.
Increased autonomy, and resistance to enculturation.
Greater freshness of appreciation, and richness of emotional reaction.
Higher frequency of peak experiences.
Increased identification with the human species.
Changed (the clinician would say, improved) interpersonal relations.
More democratic character structure.
Greatly increased creativeness.
Certain changes in the value system.
If we define growth as the various processes which bring the person toward ultimate self-actualization, then this conforms better with the observed fact that it is going on all the time in the life history. It discourages also the stepwise, all or none, the saltatory conception of motivational progression toward self-actualization in which the basic needs are completely gratified, one by one, before the next higher one emerges into consciousness. Growth is seen then not only as the progressive gratification of basic needs to the point where they "disappear," but also in the form of specific growth motivations over and above these basic needs, e.g., talents, capacities, creative tendencies, constitutional potentialities. We are thereby helped also to realize that basic needs and self-actualization do not contradict each other any more than do childhood and maturity.
There is now emerging over the horizon a new conception of human sickness and of human health, a psychology that I find so thrilling and so full of wonderful possibilities that I yield to the temptation to present it publicly even before it is checked and confirmed, and before it can be called reliable scientific knowledge. The basic assumptions of this point of view are:
1. We have, each of us, an essential biologically based inner nature, which is to some degree "natural," intrinsic, given, and, in a certain limited sense, unchangeable, or, at least, unchanging.
2. Each person's inner nature is in part unique to himself and in part species-wide.
3. It is possible to study this inner nature scientifically and to discover what it is like – (not invent – discover).
4. This inner nature, as much as we know of it so far, seems not to be intrinsically or primarily or necessarily evil. The basic needs (for life, for safety and security, for belongingness and affection, for respect and self-respect, and for self-actualization), the basic human emotions and the basic human capacities are on their face either neutral, pre-moral or positively "good." Destructiveness, sadism, cruelty, malice, etc., seem so far to be not intrinsic but rather they seem to be violent reactions against the frustration of our intrinsic needs, emotions and capacities. Anger is in itself not evil, nor is fear, laziness, or even ignorance. Of course, these can and do lead to evil behavior, but they needn't. This result is not intrinsically necessary. Human nature is not nearly as bad as it has been thought to be. In fact, it can be said that the possibilities of human nature have customarily been sold short.
5. Since this inner nature is good or neutral rather than bad, it is best to bring it out and to encourage it rather than to suppress it. If it is permitted to guide our life, we grow healthy, fruitful, and happy.
6. If this essential core of the person is denied or suppressed, he gets sick sometimes in obvious ways, sometimes in subtle ways, sometimes immediately, sometimes later.
7. This inner nature is not strong and overpowering and unmistakable like the instincts of animals. It is weak and delicate and subtle and easily overcome by habit, cultural pressure, and wrong attitudes toward it.
8. Even though weak, it rarely disappears in the normal person ~ perhaps not even in the sick person. Even though denied, it persists underground forever pressing for actualization.
9. Somehow, these conclusions must all be articulated with the necessity of discipline, deprivation, frustration, pain, and tragedy. To the extent that these experiences reveal and foster and fulfill our inner nature, to that extent they are desirable experiences. It is increasingly clear that these experiences have something to do with a sense of achievement and ego strength and therefore with the sense of healthy self-esteem and self-confidence. The person who hasn't conquered, withstood and overcome continues to feel doubtful that he could. This is true not only for external dangers; it holds also for the ability to control and to delay one's own impulses, and therefore to be unafraid of them.
Observe that if these assumptions are proven true, they promise a scientific ethics, a natural value system, a court of ultimate appeal for the determination of good and bad, of right and wrong. The more we learn about man's natural tendencies, the easier it will be to tell him how to be good, how to be happy, how to be fruitful, how to respect himself, how to love, how to fulfill his highest potentialities. This amounts to an automatic solution of many of the personality problems of the future. The thing to do seems to be to find out what one is really inside deep down, as a member of the human species and as a particular individual.
It has by now been sufficiently demonstrated that the human being has, as part of his intrinsic construction, not only physiological needs but also truly psychological ones. They may be considered as deficiencies which must be optimally fulfilled by the environment in order to avoid sickness and subjective ill-being.
They can be called basic, or biological, and likened to need for salt, or calcium or vitamin D because:
a) The deprived person yearns for their gratification persistently.
b) Their deprivation makes the person sicken and wither.
c) Gratifying them is therapeutic, curing the deficiency-illness.
d) Steady supplies forestall these illnesses.
e) Healthy (gratified) people do not demonstrate these deficiencies.
But these needs or values are related to each other in a hierarchical and developmental way, in an order of strength and of priority. Safety is a more prepotent, or stronger, more pressing, more vital need than love, for instance, and the need for food usually stronger than either. Furthermore, all these basic needs may be considered to be simply steps along the path to general self-actualization, under which all basic needs can be subsumed.
By taking these data into account, we can solve many value problems that philosophers have struggled with ineffectually for centuries. For one thing, it looks as if there were a single ultimate value for mankind, a far goal toward which all men strive. This is called variously by different authors self-actualization, self-realization, integration, psychological health, individuation, autonomy, creativity, productivity, but they all agree that this amounts to realizing the potentialities of the person, that is to say, becoming fully human, everything that the person can become.
But it is also true that the person himself does not know this. We, the psychologists observing and studying, have constructed this concept in order to integrate and explain lots of diverse data. So far as the person himself is concerned, all he knows is that he is desperate for love, and thinks he will be forever happy and content if he gets it. He does not know in advance that he will strive on after this gratification has come, and that gratification of one basic need opens consciousness to domination by another, "higher" need. So far as he is concerned, the absolute, ultimate value, synonymous with life itself, is whichever need in the hierarchy he is dominated by during a particular period. These basic needs or basic values, therefore, be treated both as ends and as steps toward a single end-goal. It is true that there is a single, ultimate value or end of life and also it is just as true that we have a hierarchical and developmental system of values, complexly interrelated.
This also helps to solve the apparent paradox of contrast between Being and Becoming. It is true that human beings strive perpetually toward ultimate humanness, which itself may be anyway a different kind of Becoming and growing. It's as if we were doomed forever to try to arrive at a state to which we could never attain. Fortunately, we now know this not to be true, or at least it is not the only truth. There is another truth which integrates with it. We are again and again rewarded for good Becoming by transient states of absolute Being, by peak-experiences. Achieving basic-need gratifications gives us many peak-experiences, each of which are absolute delights, perfect in themselves, and needing no more than themselves to validate life. This is like rejecting the notion that a Heaven lies some place beyond the end of the path of life. Heaven, so to speak, lies waiting for us through life, ready to step into for a time and to enjoy before we have to come back to our ordinary life of striving. And once we have been in it, we can remember it forever, and feed ourselves on this memory and be sustained in time of stress.
Not only this, but the process of moment-to-moment growth is itself intrinsically rewarding and delightful in an absolute sense. If they are not mountain peak-experiences, at least they are foothill-experiences, little glimpses of absolute, self-validative delight, little moments of Being. Being and Becoming are not contradictory or mutually exclusive. Approaching and arriving are both in themselves rewarding.
Gordon Allport: Becoming (1955)
Psychology: 19th Century Timeline
Mary Henle: Gestalt Psychology and Gestalt Therapy. (1975)
Jean Paul Sartre: Existentialism and Human Emotions. 1957
Carl Rogers: Freedom to Learn (1969)
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'Hero' boatie who saved tangled whale faces fine
Yahoo News Staff
19 May 2020, 5:39 am ·3-min read
A man who is being lauded for his heroic act of rescuing a baby whale trapped in a Gold Coast shark net could face a hefty fine.
The man used a tinny to rescue the whale calf trapped in nets off Burleigh Heads on Tuesday morning, as fisheries authorities delayed their own rescue of the distressed mammal.
"I saw the whale and I thought, 'That is pretty cool'. Then I saw he was in the net and I thought, 'That is not cool'," the rescuer, who asked not to be named, told reporters.
The man tries to rescue the whale trapped in a shark nets off Burleigh Heads. Source: Envoy Cull
Dramatic vision filmed by documentary makers shows the man take off his shirt and don swimming fins before diving into the water. He uses his knife to free the baby whale's pectoral fin from the net which was cutting into its flesh.
"He was about eight to nine metres deep. Because of the adrenalin my heart was just pumping," he said, describing his repeated resurfacing," he said.
It's unknown how long the calf – believed to be a humpback – had been trapped.
It was spotted about 7am by a drone operator, and a crew from the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries arrived at the scene at 9.45am.
However, the man had already rescued the whale and sent it on its way, drawing a cheer from a crowd of onlookers who had gathered on the cliffs above the water.
"Yeah I'm in trouble. I wasn't going out there to see whales. It was an expensive day but whatever ... you pay the price sometimes. I didn't think about what the fine was," he said.
Queensland Fisheries has confirmed it is investigating but says no fine has yet been issued.
The maximum fine for interfering with shark nets is $26,900.
The whale rescuer claims he's been fined. Source: Nine News
Minister says man's heroic act was risky
Fisheries Minister Mark Furner said the rescue was incredibly risky but said reports of the man being fined were "incorrect".
"It is dangerous equipment. We have unfortunately seen the loss of life when people have themselves become entangled in this equipment," he said.
"It will be up to the department to consider whether this gentleman will be prosecuted."
Sea Shepherd campaigner Jonathan Clark said the man's actions were brave.
The conservation group is calling on the government to remove shark nets as the whales head north for their annual migration to warmer waters.
The freed whale swims away. Source: Envoy Cull
"Their removal during the whale migration season would be a good start and could be accompanied by the serious proving of other technologies such as drones," Mr Clark said.
The state government's shark control program has been mired in controversy for years.
Aspects of the program were successfully challenged in court last year by the Humane Society, which argued catching and killing sharks did not reduce the risk of an unprovoked attack.
However, a number of shark nets and drumlines were reintroduced along the Queensland coastline in a reported attempt to stem a drop in tourism numbers following a string of attacks, one of which was fatal.
The amended program encourages the release of most sharks but allows state contractors to kill sharks if necessary.
with AAP
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As mobile phones become more integrated with the way we live, it's necessary to understand all of the choices available so you can make the right decisions based on you want from your phone.
The number of different handsets, networks, contracts, and tariffs available can make it difficult to pick a new mobile phone. Our guide is here to explain the key features, newest technologies and buying options available, answering key questions and helping to determine which option is best for you.
Think about what you want to use your phone for before buying. You won't need a high-spec smartphone if you just need to call and text. If you're looking for a cutting edge phone, check its specifications to see how suited it is to applications like photography, music, media, or playing games.
Your phone runs on an operating system (OS). This software governs how it works, which app store is available, and how it interacts with other devices. You can customise your phone in various ways with each OS, creating a tailored layout that puts things where you want them. You'll find that touch gestures and controls are similar on most phones, so using different models will feel comfortable and familiar.
If you own a laptop or tablet, its OS can affect how easy it is to sync your devices and get them working together smoothly. Windows or Mac OS have unique ways to interact and sync with your phone.
There are three main OS options available, each with signature characteristics and advantages: Google's Android is the most common OS, Apple offers iOS (exclusive to iPhone), and Microsoft runs the Windows Phone.
You'll find Android on many different brands and handsets, so you'll have more options to choose from. Android phones give you great performance with bold, clear interfaces. Google Play offers more than a million apps, so there's sure to be one for what you want to do. If you've got Android tablets and other devices, it's easy to get them working together to instantly share calendars, settings, apps and more.
Stylish, fast and intuitive, iOS works seamlessly with other Apple devices like your iPhone, iPad, iMac or MacBook, making it simple to share apps, music, photos and contacts.
You can only use iOS on Apple products, which means you'll need to choose an iPhone. The App Store holds millions of apps, so there'll always be fun and useful options available.
A colourful, tiled-based homepage makes the Windows Phone easily identifiable. Each square has a dedicated function, and each can be easily swapped and removed – customise your home screen with the tile configuration you prefer. Choose from thousands of apps in the Windows Phone Store –there are loads of free apps, and others are available for trial before buying.
For a fully connected experience, sync your Windows Phones with any other Windows devices you have, like your laptop and tablet.
Screen size dictates how large your phone is overall, and the image resolution it's able to display. There are more different screen sizes available than ever, so think about what you're going to use your new phone for. For entertainment or getting work done on the move, a big screen is more comfortable for watching videos, gaming, or viewing documents. Remember that a bigger touchscreen means a larger phone, which can be harder to keep in your pocket or use with one hand.
Do all smartphones support 4G?
Newer smartphones can generally handle a 4G connection, but some may only work with 3G. Check if a phone supports 3G and/or 4G on the product page, in the specification section. 4G coverage isn't nationwide – it's easier to find a good 4G signal in cities or big towns, but 4G coverage is ever expanding.
A 4G connection gives you quicker downloads, shorter buffering times for streaming, and shorter website load times.
You'll find a range of storage space sizes on different mobile phones – choose according to how much content you think you'll save, whether it's apps, games, photos or music. Your smartphone's OS can take up some 4 GB of space, so if you pick a 16 GB phone, it may actually provide around 12 GB of practical storage. Helpfully, you can manage handset content in a number of ways, like streaming music, using cloud storage or keeping content on microSD cards (just make sure the phone has a memory card slot before you choose).
What do I need to know about processors?
Your smartphone runs on a 'brain' called the processor – so larger processors create a smoother experience with less lag. You won't need a high-spec processor if you just want to use social networking, but downloading games, using multiple apps and the like will require higher processing speeds. See how many cores a processor has to get an idea of its capabilities – an octa-core processor or larger is a good choice for users who need more, while casual users may be satisfied with a dual or quad-core processor.
Do more megapixels mean the camera is better?
More megapixels don't always mean a better camera. They relate to how much detail an image can hold and the size it can be reproduced at without quality drops. A 5-8 megapixel camera is usually enough for everyday situations like holiday snaps and social media uploads. You'll be able to capture enhanced detail levels and make larger copies with more megapixels, but research individual camera features to see what your phone is capable of rather than using megapixel count as your guide.
Which phones are best for watching movies?
Because phones are available in different sizes, it's best to choose a larger one to watch YouTube or Netflix. A 'phablet' is midway between a phone and tablet, and is ideal if you want a phone that's a little bigger than normal. A 5" screen is considered large, and phones over 5.5" are within the phablet range. Check the screen resolution of a phone too – you'll enjoy a clearer, more detailed picture on an HD or 4k display.
If you just want a handset, choosing SIM free phone is a simple option with no frills or restrictions.
What does SIM free mean?
A SIM free mobile phone means you're paying for the handset alone – you won't be involved with a set contract or SIM card, and the phone won't be locked to a specific network.
Why would I want a SIM free phone?
You'll get more flexibility by choosing a SIM free phone, letting you pick the handset you want at the time you want it. Since there's no contract to sign, you won't be committed long-term at the time of buying. Since you can upgrade as you please, you can always have the latest tech. A SIM-free phone comes fully unlocked, letting you choose the network and SIM card you like best.
It's really important to choosing the right tariff, because it dictates your monthly bill rate and which allowances you'll receive. Different tariffs apply whether you choose a handset tariff, or if you prefer a SIM-only tariff for a phone you already have.
Handset tariffs – You can find many tariffs that include a phone at no cost or at a reduced upfront cost. Handset price is factored into your line rental, so it's gradually paid off with each monthly bill. Contracts including a handset commonly run for 24 months.
SIM-only tariffs – A SIM-only tariff generally gives you a lower monthly price and/or extra allowances within the bundle because you aren't covering the cost of a handset. It's also possible to pick a shorter commitment in the form of monthly rolling or 12-month contracts.
There's an upfront cost with some tariffs, which contributes towards your handset's value. For a reduced monthly line rental, select a tariff with an upfront cost and repay part of the handset's value when the contract begins.
What's the best network for me?
Depending on your network, coverage will vary. A network's coverage checker will help determine coverage in your area (including 4G coverage) - they're usually available on network websites. If you commute a lot, check coverage at home and away. Each network offers different perks, including rewards like advance event tickets, reduced-rate entertainment services, or free WiFi in London.
What is included in my monthly calls and texts bundles?
Your monthly call allowances only include standard UK landlines and other UK mobile providers. This also applies to text bundles – they're only valid to other UK providers. Generally, your bill will be charged if you exceed these limits, such as calling or texting internationally, calling premium-rate numbers or sending images by text. Call your network if you're not sure what will incur extra charges – remember that each network will apply different out-of-bundle charges.
How much data will I use per month?
You'll use data when you browse the internet, run apps and use maps or navigational services (amongst other things). Casual users may use up to 1 GB per month, but if you're online a lot, it's worth looking at 2 to 3 GB data tariffs. Those who stream and download content often will likely benefit from a 4 to 5 GB tariff or higher. To conserve data use, enable the WiFi setting on your smartphone and use WiFi whenever you're in an available hotspot or home network - and save content downloads for when you're connected to WiFi.
If I order a 4G tariff, am I guaranteed a 4G connection?
No - not all phones are 4G compatible. If you need to use 4G, ensure the phone you're ordering supports a 4G connection.
Will 4G use up my monthly data allowance faster?
A 2 MB-sized website will use 2 MB of your allowance – this doesn't change if you download it on 3G or 4G. Conversely, if you can download content faster, it may be that you'll use up data by exploring more websites in the same amount of time.
Can I get a free gift?
Yes, a free gift is included in the monthly price for some handset tariffs.
Knowing the difference between new and upgrade contracts is important, so you can decide which option suits you best.
It's possible to order a new contract, with a new number. Otherwise, you can order an upgrade contract, which lets you keep using your existing number on the same network. Each of these options is available as either a SIM-only contract, or with a handset included.
New Contract – A good choice if this is your first contract, or if you're moving to a different network. Should you move to a new network, you can choose to migrate (or 'port') your existing number.
Upgrade – To stay on your current network with the number you already have, then choose an upgrade contract. You'll get a new SIM card (whether you've ordered a SIM-only contract or one including a handset), and your existing number will keep working with your new contract.
How do I carry over my number to a different network?
To migrate your number, simply call your current network and ask for a PAC (Personal Authorisation Code) - you can only request this the contract associated with your current number has ended. Your existing connection will then end. Once your new order arrives, give the PAC to your new provider and the port will be completed within 3 to 5 days.
Can I order a new contract with my current network and keep my existing number?
For those currently using EE, Vodafone, or iD Mobile who want to keep the same number on the same network, it's necessary to select an upgrade. O2 users can pick between an upgrade or a new O2 contract, and still retain your number - call O2 and request that your current O2 number is migrated forward.
Will an upgrade contract always come with a better phone than my current one?
You may not receive a better phone with each upgrade, but it's always possible to order a better phone, remembering that the line rental cost relates to the value of your chosen handset. You'll then be able to restructure your monthly payments based on what you need right now.
Will I get a new SIM card with every mobile contract?
Yes, whether you start a new contract or request an upgrade, you'll get a new SIM card. You can start using a contract SIM card as soon as it's delivered, although upgrade SIM cards may take a short while to transition between connections.
New phone contracts are subject to a credit check, but this won't be necessary if you're ordering an upgrade. Mobile phone networks carry out credit checks themselves.


Poets are godly-blessed individuals who can magically describe the infinities of the human spirit through words and language. They are the best connoisseur of human emotions able to portrait love and beauty with plants and herbs. Throughout history, mainly male poets used words to declare their love, however, young women resort on love potions to magically remedy their unrequited love. Blends of aphrodisiac herbs were therefore prepared to seduce the sweetheart.
Based on famous poems eight tea blends were created to serve love in a cup of tea.


The company has submitted an sNDA for INVOKANA® as a treatment for adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
People suffering from type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease are often at high risk for experiencing kidney failure. As yet, no treatments have been developed to reduce this risk for these patients, according to James List, M.D., Ph.D., Global Therapeutic Area Head, Cardiovascular & Metabolism, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, who is working to address the lack of treatment.
Recently, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson submitted a supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its drug INVOKANA® (canagliflozin) as a treatment for reducing the risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), the doubling of serum creatinine (a key predictor of ESKD), and renal or cardiovascular (CV) death in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Positive results from the phase III Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) randomized, double-blind, event-driven, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, two-arm, multicenter study served as the basis for the submission. The trial, which involved over 4400 patients with T2D, stage 2 or 3 CKD and macroalbuminuria who were receiving standard of care including a maximum tolerated labeled daily dose of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), was halted early in July 2018 because it had already met the pre-specified criteria for efficacy.
INVOKANA® is a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. If approved, it will be the first diabetes drug for the treatment of patients with both T2D and CKD.


text:
Q: Drupal 8: How do I add JS files inside libraries conditionally based on versions of IE7 and IE8? In Drupal 8, how would you load a JS file inside a library to only load on IE8 but not lte IE7?
I have the following added which correctly loads only on IE8 and lower.
js:
    js/script.js: { browsers: { IE: 'lte IE 8', '!IE': false } }

But, how would I only load this on IE8? and also how would I load a different js file for IE7?
Would this work for example:
js:
    js/script.js: { browsers: { IE: 'IE 8', 'IE 7': false,  '!IE': false } }

A: <!--[if gte IE 8]>
<script src="ie8only.js"></script>
<![endif]-->

Using IE conditionals..
The above will only load on IE >= 8
see: http://www.quirksmode.org/css/condcom.html


Land ice forms an important component of the climate system. Sea level variations are closely related to the total ice volume. Purpose of the research project is to obtain a better understanding of how glacier fluctuations and climate change are linked. This is a prerequisite to make more accurate predictions of future sea level.
Study of the Holocene development in the coastal area of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick (Canada), in relation to sea-level movements, isostatic movements and climate development, particularly for the last 4500 years. Use of stratigraphical and sedimentological methods and of 14C-dating.


123engineoil.co.uk is an internet service brought to you by Delticom Ltd., Witney, Oxfordshire.
Phone: 0808 189 1545 (Freephone) Service hours are: Mo-Fri 7am-9pm.
The European Commission will soon be providing a platform for online dispute resolution (ODR). The link will be posted here as soon as the platform exists.


text:
Het wapen van Anloo bestaat uit een ontwerp van G.A. Bontekoe van de voormalige gemeente Anloo. De beschrijving luidt:

"In goud een ingebogen, tot de bovenrand van het schild reikende, punt van sabel, beladen met een tot eed opgeheven rechterhand; ter weerszijden van de punt een afgewende sleutel van sabel, de baard benedenwaarts gericht, de steel boven eindigend in een geknopte malie, waarbinnen een kruis; het schild gedekt door een gouden kroon van drie bladeren en twee parels en gehouden door twee wildemannen, omgord en omkranst met eikenloof, in de vrije hand een knots over de schouder dragende. Het geheel geplaatst op een wit voetstuk."

Geschiedenis
De eed afleggende hand herinnerd aan de "lottingen", zittingen van de "Loffelijke Etstoel" die op 6 september in de gemeente werden gehouden. De sleutels zijn een herinnering aan het feit dat de bisschop van Utrecht vijf eeuwen graaf van Drenthe was. Hij had in de gemeente een hof en een spieker. In deze spieker werden belastingen bewaard, die in deze streek voornamelijk in natura betaald werden in plaats van geld. De wildemannen staan symbool voor de hunebedden op het grondgebied. Het wapen werd bij Koninklijk Besluit van 15 september 1932 verleend aan Anloo. Met het Koninklijk Besluit van 29 mei 1967 werd een kleine aanpassing aan het wapen gemaakt.

"In goud een ingebogen punt van sabel, beladen met een rechterhand van goud, waarvan de twee voorste vingers opgestoken zijn; ter weerszijden van de punt een afgewende sleutel van sabel de baard naar beneden gericht, de steel van boven eindigende in een geknopte malie, waarbinnen een kruis; het schild gedekt door een gouden kroon van drie bladeren en twee parels. Schildhouders: twee wildemannen, omkranst en omgord met loof, in de vrije hand een knots over den schouder houdende, alles van natuurlijke kleur."

De ingebogen punt kwam wat hoger op het schild te liggen, daarnaast was het de wens van de gemeente om een marmeren voetstuk op te nemen. In 1998 werd de gemeente samengevoegd tot de nieuwe gemeente Aa en Hunze. Er werden geen elementen van het wapen van Anloo overgenomen in het nieuwe wapen van Aa en Hunze.

Zie ook
Vlag van Anloo

Aa en Hunze
Anloo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home Articles DMV News No Toll? No Registration–Port Authority Eyes NJ Highway Freeloaders
No Toll? No Registration–Port Authority Eyes NJ Highway Freeloaders
By: Bridget Clerkin March 7, 2017
Skipping out on the toll could lead to harsh penalties.
Pay the toll—or pay the price.
That's the ultimatum the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey hopes to lay down on drivers taking advantage of unmanned toll booths along the New Jersey Turnpike and Garden State Parkway.
The interstate agency is in discussions with the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission (MVC) to establish a rule that would suspend the registration of "chronic" toll cheats—or those who skip out on paying five or more tolls over the course of 18 months.
The tactic is currently in place in New York, where it helped the state reap $112,000 of tolls and fees owed last year alone. All told, the Empire State issued 297 requests to cancel the registration of chronic violators in 2016.
Following that program's success, the Port Authority—which oversees toll collection on the two major Garden State roadways—is hoping to expand the program into New Jersey.
The problem the agency hopes to fix typically starts at the "E-Z Pass Only" toll booths along the roadways.
Instead of offering a human with the ability to ask for cash—and keep drivers honest—the unmanned kiosks use laser technology to scan a device in the car, automatically deducting the appropriate toll amount from a connected bank account. But many have tried to game the system, running through the E-Z Pass lanes with no device in their car and no intention of paying.
The booths are equipped to take photos of offending license plates, and violators are later sent a bill in the mail for the toll, but many shirk the responsibility of ponying up for that debt, as well.
And with the high volume of drivers utilizing the highways, those small amounts add up quickly.
New Jersey reported a net loss of $31 million from unpaid tolls in 2015. (Comparatively, neighboring Pennsylvania noted a $37 million loss from unpaid tolls over the same time period.)
The widespread problem has many states nervous—and ready to band together in the fight for recouped fees.
Pushes for more toll industry standardization have led to a number of interstate agreements, including one between Massachusetts, Maine, and New Hampshire struck last year. The deal allows the offending driver's home state DMV to cancel the violator's registration from across the border. It resulted in the collection of nearly 70% of all tolls owed, bringing in a $100,000 windfall for the alliance in 2016.
That precedent may be good news for states like New Jersey, which sees out-of-state license plates on upwards of 25% of its highway travelers.
Still, the proposal arises at a precarious time for toll collection in general. A sizeable movement within the industry has pushed for getting rid of manned tolls all together, arguing instead that roadways should rely entirely upon electronic toll collection systems like E-Z Pass.
Some new projects in the tri-state area are already being built to these new standards, including the Bayonne Bridge, which will offer nothing but cashless tolls once it's completed. Last year, the Massachusetts Turnpike went entirely cash-free, with New York's Metropolitan Transportation Agency (MTA) hot on its heels, beginning the implementation of all-electronic tolls for all tunnels and bridges this year.
But others in the toll industry wonder if the cashless system could sustain itself without the threat of further punishment. They argue that more bills will be sent to offending drivers—and duly ignored.
While the ultimate direction the industry will go in remains unknown, it seems our small change is due for a big change.


text:
Q: How to implement MapTiler server in React Native app I am building a mobile app that includes a map and some markers, I found that using react-native-maps with Google API will cost a lot.
I started hosting my own map tile server using MapTiler.
My problem is I can't find a library that can display my map in React native component.
This is my MapTiler server:
I don't know how to implement these raster tiles in my react native app.
I am using Expo.

Which library should I use that doesn't have any pricing or commercial license.
If you have a good solution please give me an example.
I tried to use react-native-maps but it didn't show any tiles.
        <MapView
          region={location}
          rotateEnabled={false}
          style={{ flex: 1 }}
          style={styles.map}
          showsUserLocation
          mapType="none"
        >
          <UrlTile
            tileSize={512}
            urlTemplate="http://localhost:3650/api/maps/satellite-hybrid/{z}/{x}/{y}.png"
            maximumZ={19}
          />
          <Marker
            title="Home"
            coordinate={{
              latitude: location.latitude,
              longitude: location.longitude,
            }}
          />
        </MapView>

A: can you please check the following article and let me know, it you find some useful info there? It targets MapTiler Cloud, but I believe some principles will be very similar to Server.
https://documentation.maptiler.com/hc/en-us/articles/4405444890897-How-to-display-MapLibre-GL-JS-map-using-React-JS

A: The problem was that react native doesn't understand what localhost is.
I had to change localhost into my IP address 192.168.1.1
I got it from CMD using command ipconfig
urlTemplate="http://192.168.1.1:3650/api/maps/satellite-hybrid/{z}/{x}/{y}.png"


According to Gloria Landwer Scott, Joseph and Edna were married in "Nanacin, British Columbia" (assumed to be a mis-transcription of Nanaimo). Jackie Roe was was able to find a newspaper clipping from Red Deer, Alberta announcing their wedding there.
2. Joseph Carlisle Brumpton, Jr.
[S2893] Wedding Announcement of Joseph Carlyle Brumpton and Edna Lund.
[S2892] Comments (Suggest a change: Family: Joseph Carlisle Brumpton + Edna Anna Marie Lund (F402)), Jackie Roe.


Babylon Archives - Taylor Halverson, Ph.D.
Cities and Civilization: Of Babylon and Zion. My latest article on Deseret News.
Continue Reading about Cities and Civilization: Of Babylon and Zion. My latest article on Deseret News.


Each holiday season comes with new ideas, styles & trends, and this Christmas it's definitely the year of the all-familiar kraft paper. This cheap, plain and modest looking packing paper can be spruced up with minimal effort – my favorite being the fresh winterly greens and berries. Get inspired by these creative ideas and make them your own!
First thing you should do is to head outdoors and collect some fresh greens: spruce branches, rowan berries, beech or poplar, whatever you can find. You can attach it to the packaging by a string or tape as it is, or spray paint it white, silver or gold. Besides looking great it'll bring an amazing Christmas scent to the house and after opening the present it can be put into a small jar as decoration. Remember not to tear the leaves or branches off the trees but collect the ones that have freshly fallen on to the ground. The combination of brown kraft paper and real plants is something especially homely, personal and stylish. The hottest trend of the season!
Another great and visually impressive idea is to add beautiful images or photographs to the packages. You could use old postcards, pictures of paintings or illustrations and especially when wrapping a present for someone close and important, using old photographs from days gone by gives it a personal touch. Combining photographs, winterly greens and craft paper makes a stunning combination, and I believe anybody would be touched to receive something so beautifully put together. Tearing open these packages will be an art form.
If for you craft wrapping paper simply feels too plain for the holiday festivities, why not try making a pattern or print on it. The white dotted pattern is simple to produce with a pencil and a white, green, red or black ink pad. See the instructions here. Also try the freehand paint splattered version, it looks so much fun to do! Also adding cone pines to the string is a great idea.
Of course there is the classic combination of craft paper with monochrome. Keeping the embellishments and add on decorations to minimum you'll achieve a great classic look. Multi coloured ribbons or yarns, a touch of gold or silver and hand made gift tags are the perfect small details for this kind of a simple look.
Lately, I've seen more effort and care put into the labels and gift tags than before. Craft paper on its own is minimal and modest, special attention is given to the details. Try out printing a pattern or drawing it yourself on a larger, A3 size paper, which you then cut out in smaller, gift tag size pieces. If you happen to be great at freehand lettering, use that skill and personalize each label. Or get super creative and look around the house for inspiration to a new way of doing this. The small lace patterned cake papers look cute and are perfect for writing. It doesn't get any more simple than this!


text:
Updated 20 March, 2019 - 13:01 Sarah P Young
The Tremulous Hand of Worcester: Unfurling the Medical Mystery of a Medieval Scribe
Handwriting is one of those things most people don't really give a second thought to today – we live in a world where we are surrounded by text and the vast majority of the time it is printed rather than hand written, and children today are far more likely to receive classes in touch-typing than traditional penmanship.
Before digital word processors became widely available, mechanical type writers such as the Hansen Writing Ball in the 1860s and more recognizable models in the 1910s started to mechanize the writing process on a broad scale.
The Time of Handwritten Text
The fact that printed text was reserved for official publications, books, and newspapers meant that distinctive fonts and script styles were present in hand written text. An example everyone will be familiar with is the Spencerian script which was popular in America in the 19 th Century – both the Coca-Cola and Ford Motors logos are written in this style. The exaggerated loops and swirls which characterize Spencerian script look elaborate today and can make it hard for us to read, but from the mid-19 th century to the mid-1920s Spencerian was the font most people in the USA were taught at school and used in their day to day lives.
A sample of Spencerian script. (Swchuck / CC BY-SA 3.0 )
Similarly, distinctive are the fonts used by medieval scribes to produce the elaborate manuscripts of the era. To the uninitiated they may look largely the same, but paleographers (historians who specialize in analyzing and dating ancient writing systems and manuscripts) have divided them into three main categories; Caroline, Pre-Gothic, and Gothic. Something as simple as identifying the style of writing used in a manuscript makes it possible to provide a reasonably accurate date, eliminating the need for expensive scientific tests on the velum it is written on which risks damaging the manuscript.
But there is far more than can be learned from the writing of the past than just the era and country it was written in, and indeed a monk working in the 13 th Century may be able to provide clues which help scientists and doctors looking to advance the field of neurology today .
The Tremulous Hand of Worcester
'The Tremulous Hand of Worcester' is the name given by historians to a scribe who made annotations on at least twenty manuscripts, particularly much earlier Old English manuscripts , during the 13 th century. He was a monk who most historians believe was based at the Worcester Priory, as all of the annotations which have been positively attributed to him are connected in some way to Worcester.
His annotations are distinctive in that he had a particular interest in translating much earlier manuscripts, indicating he was likely a linguistic historian. But the choice of subject is not the only thing that makes the work of the Tremulous Hand of Worcester distinctive. All of the notes (known by paleographers as 'glosses') he produced are both leftward leaning and shaky, and it is the visible tremor present in his script that gives him his nickname, though 'hand' is another word for scribe as opposed to a description of his physical hand.
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Life of St. Chad glossed by the Tremulous Hand. (Sir Statler / Public Domain )
He was an extremely prolific writer, and it is estimated that in the twenty remaining manuscripts he glossed, there are around 50,000 annotations. At first it was thought that his tremor was a sign that he was elderly, and some people built up a picture of an elderly monk working tirelessly to preserve and translate Old English manuscripts before they were lost to time.
It is now known that this was not the case, and an in-depth analysis of his writing proves he was writing over an extended period of time and that his tremor worsened slightly over the years.
Leading Theories Regarding the Tremulous Hand of Worcester
When it was established the Tremulous Hand of Worcester was not just an elderly scribe, the mystery attracted the attention of more than paleographers. Neurologists conducting research into neurodegenerative movement disorders including Parkinson's felt that the Tremulous Hand would be a valuable source to study.
The foremost question that has been posed is 'what kind of tremor did he have?' and in 2015 researchers attempted to answer this by examining several samples of the Tremulous Hand's work to chart the progress of the tremor over time. They theorized the Tremulous Hand suffered from a condition called essential tremor, and then prepared modern day samples written in calligraphy pen by a person with the same condition to compare with the work of the Tremulous Hand.
In many tremor conditions handwriting is affected in a consistent manner– this means that two people with the same condition will produce a writing sample with similar characteristics even if their writing otherwise looks completely different. This was clear when the modern sample was compared to the work of the Tremulous Hand of Worcester and detailed analysis of the modern samples was able to confirm the hypothesis that the Tremulous Hand's distinctive style was a result of a neurodegenerative disorder, and to further confirm it was essential tremor.
Uncomfortable Working Conditions
The life of a medieval scribe was hard – they may not have been undertaking backbreaking work in the fields, but they certainly did not have a comfortable job and it could have long term effects on their health.
Some extant depictions of monks working on inscriptions depict eye glasses and staring at the page for long periods would have been detrimental to their vision after extended intervals. Their desks and seats were highly uncomfortable and the scarcity and expense of artificial light in medieval times meant that when the days were long during the summer the scribes would have to get up early and go the bed late, sitting all day at the desks working on their texts – some minor flaws in the writing of other monks was probably a result of wrist cramp caused by writing for excessively long periods. Conversely, in the winter the monks would have been writing in poor lighting conditions putting further strain in their eyes and they often would have worked in frigid conditions which, along with being generally uncomfortable and unpleasant, makes joints stiff and writing more difficult.
Painting 'The Story of the Recorded Word' -The Medieval Scribe during the time of the Tremulous Hand of Worcester. (Wally Gobetz / CC BY-SA 2.0 )
For these reasons, it is important to take the working conditions of the time into account when studying the work of the scribes like the Tremulous Hand of Worcester to avoid misattributing a flaw in writing to a condition when it could just have been a result of the time of year or even time of day the sample was originally written.
Other Contributing Factors Experienced by the Tremulous Hand of Worcester
Research into the Tremulous Hand quickly became more than just comparing a sample of his writing to a sample written by someone known to have essential tremor. As well as considering the conditions he was working in, the writing equipment the Tremulous Hand had access to played a role in his distinctive writing style.The Tremulous Hand of Worcester would have used a quill to make his annotations, as this was the only writing implement available in medieval England. Today, people with essential tremor find that their tremor can be improved (or worsened) if they use a different size, weight, or grip of pen. Without the option to change the implement, a more accurate picture of how his writing changed over time could be built up as the writing implement would not have been the cause of any changes.
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Traditional historical medieval writing was done with a quill, the instrument used by the Tremulous Hand of Worcester ( Andrea Izzotti / Adobe)
While the changes are fairly subtle, the fluctuations in the severity of the tremor had to be explained. At one point the Tremulous Hand's tremor seemed to improve. One theory for this is that he must have gone away for a while and rested. Paleographers and neurologists both agree that if this was the case it would be evidence he had essential tremor, which has been shown to improve for a while when the writer has been able to relax or rest and to worsen during times of hard work or stress.
The other theory, which may seem at first to make little sense, is that his writing improved because he had been drinking alcohol . Some forms of essential tremor improve if the person with the condition has been drinking a small amount of alcohol. In modern subjects, having a drink such as half a pint of beer leads to the tremor being almost completely eliminated for as long as the alcohol is in their system.
This seems a more likely explanation for the occasional improvement in the tremor, as it is unlikely a monk would have gone away for an extended time to rest while working on a manuscript, only to come back and pick up exactly where he left off weeks before.
It would also be further confirmation that he did have essential tremor as opposed to something like Parkinson's Disease or Ataxia, as essential tremor is unusual in its positive response to alcohol – other tremor conditions tend to get far worse when alcohol has been consumed.
Other Tremulous Hands
Because research into the work of the Tremulous Hand was able to reveal a lot about his condition, other medieval scribes have now been studied in greater detail to look for evidence of problems they may have faced with writing.
One example is of a medieval scribe from France, and research has shown that he is likely to have suffered from dystonia, a more severe tremor disorder than essential tremor. While the Tremulous Hand of Worcester had shaky writing, the pressure he exerted onto the page was even and controlled. This was not the case in the work of the French monk, and so paleographers and neurologists were able to work together to find other potential causes, concluding dystonia was the most likely cause.
Another sample of medieval script different from the Tremulous Hand of Worcester. (Jaqeli / Public Domain )
Future Applications
Studying the Tremulous Hand of Worcester is fascinating to historians because it offers an insight into the lives of medieval monks, but for scientists the data the evidence they have gathered from studying his work may be used in a very different way.
New technology is being created to try and help people who suffer from tremor conditions and studying the work of the Tremulous Hand has provided valuable data. This has been added to the algorithm of a program used to help diagnose people with tremor conditions, which helps it to tell the difference between the different kinds of tremor.
For many people with tremor conditions, an early diagnosis makes a huge difference. The medications and treatments which are available to help them can be much more effective when the problem is identified earlier on and having technology that can identify the root cause of the tremor could save valuable time and help them receive the treatment they need as soon as possible.
We may never know who the Tremulous Hand of Worcester really was, but the work he left behind has left a surprising number of clues about who he was as a person. He never wrote about himself, or his condition, and yet we know he was a British monk with an interest in Old English. We know he wrote extensively, over a long period of time, and that his condition deteriorated but could sometimes be improved either by taking a longer rest or through consumption of alcohol. It is amazing to think that this man working hard to transcribe Anglo Saxon texts in a medieval priory would help scientists pioneer new medical techniques 800 years later.
Top image: The Tremulous Hand of Worcester was a medieval scribe in the 13 th Century. Source: cobracz / Adobe.
By Sarah P Young
British Library. Date Unknown. Tremulous Hand. [Online] Available at: https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-tremulous-hand
Franzen, C. 1991. The Tremulous Hand of Worcester. Oxford University Press.
Kwakkel, E. 2016. The Secrets of Medieval Fonts. [Online] Available at: https://medievalbooks.nl/2016/04/29/the-secrets-of-medieval-fonts/
Thorpe, D. and Alty, J. 2015. What type of tremor did the 'Tremulous Hand of Worcester' have? [Online] Available at: https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/138/10/3123/2468718
University of York. 2017. Tremulous Hands. [Online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PxQHmCnQrw
Urry, W. Date Unknown. Paleography. [Online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/paleography
Tremulous Hand of Worcester
Spencerian script
paleographers
linguistic historian
Sarah P Young is undertaking her masters in archaeology, specializing in early human behavior and in particular evidence of interaction between humans and Neanderthals. She hopes to continue her studies further and complete a doctorate.
13 January, 2021 - 21:52 Alicia McDermott
Study Unveils Just How Scribes Compiled the Famous Domesday Book
New research has cast light on how and why the iconic Domesday Book was created. The study shows that the work of the medieval scribes was so efficient and sophisticated that they accomplished what a...
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23 November, 2020 - 15:59 ashley cowie
Resuscitation of the Ancient Egyptian Book of Breathing
Recently, an American professor has for the first time analyzed the First Book of Breathing , a famous ancient Egyptian book that reveals incredible insights into the afterlife. What happens to us...
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31 December, 2019 - 22:57 dhwty
Nicolas Flamel – Learned Scribe or Mysterious Alchemist?
Nicolas Flamel was a Frenchman who lived between the 14th and 15th centuries. According to contemporary sources, he was a scribe and manuscript seller. Later sources, i.e. those from the 17th century...
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10 January, 2019 - 13:55 Ed Whelan
Blue Pigment Found on Medieval Teeth Reveals Secret Existence of Female Scribes
The analysis of human teeth has become increasingly important in modern archaeology. A recent discovery of a set of teeth in a German monastery is revolutionizing our understanding of women in...
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12 February, 2018 - 22:58 ashley cowie
Priceless Medieval Sacred Text Reveals Its True Origins
Arguably the world's most famous medieval manuscript, the wonderfully illustrated Book of Kells , was "created in 2 parts over 50 years," Dr Bernard Meehan of Trinity College, Dublin, told reporters...
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7 December, 2017 - 18:53 dhwty
The Codex Amiatinus: The Skins of 500 Calves Were Used to Create this Monumental Manuscript
The Codex Amiatinus dates to the end of the 7th century AD; making it the oldest known surviving complete Catholic Bible written in the Latin Vulgate. It has been estimated that over 1500 calves were...
Read more about The Codex Amiatinus: The Skins of 500 Calves Were Used to Create this Monumental Manuscript


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text:
using UnityEngine;

namespace TenPN.DecisionFlex.Demos
{
    /**
        Does a gunshot, when chosen by DecisionFlex.
    */
    [AddComponentMenu("TenPN/DecisionFlex/Demos/Weapon Selection/WeaponAction")]
    public class WeaponAction : Action
    {
        /**
           Gets the Enemy from the context, then shoots it
        */
        public override void Perform(IContext context)
        {
            // find the target that DecisionFlex chose:
            var target = context.GetContext<GameObject>("Enemy");
            // fires a "bullet" across the screen
            LabelLerper.LerpLabelFromTo(m_weaponVerb, transform.position, target.transform);
            // make a note that we fired this gun
            transform.parent.parent.GetComponent<WeaponLog>().LogAction(gameObject.name);
        }

        //////////////////////////////////////////////////

        [SerializeField] string m_weaponVerb;

        //////////////////////////////////////////////////
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub