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title:  Histori misioni
date:  11/11/2022
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#### Solomoni, ndryshuesi i botës

Solomon

Solomoni mendonte se e njihte mirë Biblën. Ai dëgjonte predikuesin kur lexonte Biblën, në kishën e fshatit të tij, në Papau Guinea e Re. Ai besonte te Perëndia i qiellit, i prezantuar në Bibël. Por ai nuk e kishte studiuar Biblën vetë.

Një ditë, një misionar Adventist shkoi në fshatin malor dhe i dhuroi Solomonit një libër, të bardhë, të titulluar Bibla e Ndryshuesve të Botës.

-	Kam erdhur të përhap Fjalën e Perëndisë në fshatin tënd, - tha misionari.

Solomoni ishte i gëzuar që, tani, kishte një Bibël. Titulli Bibla e Ndryshuesve të Botës e çuditi. Ai pyeste vetën ç'do të thotë të jesh një ndryshues i botës. Ai e analizoi Biblën nga afër. Ishte Versioni Jetë e Re. Pa se fjalët ishin të lehta, për t'u lexuar. Kjo e gëzoi. Si shumë banorë të tjerë të fshatit, ai ishte akoma në shkollë, në të 20tat.

Misionari pa interesin e Solomonit dhe e ftoi të merrte pjesë në një grup që studionte Biblën.

-	Do mësojmë rreth Jezusit – tha ai. – Studimi është 15-20 minuta.

Në takimin e parë, misionari ftoi Solomonin, dhe të tjerët, të hapnin Biblat tek Marku 1. Para se të lexonin, ai u lut.

-	I dashur Perëndi, të lutem na udhëhiq. Faleminderit! – tha ai.

Mbas lutjes, ai i kërkoi Solomonit të lexonte pjesë nga kapitulli i parë i Markut. Solomoni lexoi rreth Gjon Pagëzorit, një predikues i veshur me lesh deveje dhe që hante mjaltë të egër, i cili pagëzoi Jezusin, në lumin Jordan. Kur mbaroi së lexuari historinë, misionari i kërkoi dikujt tjetër ta lexonte sërish. Mbas kësaj, misionari i kërkoi dikujt ta tregonte historinë, pa e parë në Bibël. Pastaj ai tha se do bisedonin rreth historisë.

-	Dëgjuat ndonjë gjë, që nuk e dinit? – pyeti ai.

Pasi biseduan rreth atyre që ishin të reja për ta, grupi u pyet nëse kishte diçka që i çuditi në atë histori apo ndonjë gjë që nuk e kishin kuptuar. Pastaj misionari pyeti nëse gjenin tek ajo histori diçka që duhej t'i bindeshin apo të bënin, në jetët e tyre. Dikush tha se dukej se pagëzimi ishte i rëndësishëm. Jezusi vetë ishte pagëzuar.

Ndërsa mbyllnin studimin, misionari pyeti:

-	Çfarë do ndani me të tjerët, nga kjo histori?

Pastaj, ai u lut.

-	Perëndi i dashur, faleminderit për Fjalën Tënde. Na ndihmo të të ndjekim. Amen.

Solomonit i pëlqeu studimi. Ai ndieu se kishte parë diçka të re rreth Jezusit.

Gjatë vitit, ndërsa vazhdonte të merrte pjesë në studimet Biblike, dashuria e tij për Jezusin u rrit. Çdo studim kishte të njëjtin format. Grupi fillonte me një lutje të shkurtër. Pastaj dy njerëz lexonin të njëjtën histori, nga Bibla, dhe një i tretë e tregonte historinë me fjalët e tij. Pastaj misionari pyeste nëse kishin mësuar diçka të re, ishin çuditur nga diçka apo nëse e kishin të vështirë të kuptonin ndonjë gjë. Ai i pyeste nëse kishte diçka që duhej t'i bindeshin apo ta bënin, në jetët e tyre, dhe i sfidonte t'ia tregonin dikujt historinë, gjatë javës. Në fund, ai, ose dikush tjetër, lutej.

Solomoni mësoi se misionari po ndiqte një studim Biblik të quajtur Zbulimi i Leximit të Biblës, i cili ishte krijuar nga Divizioni i Paqësorit Jugor. Ai mësoi gjithashtu se Bibla e tij, e re, kishte erdhur nga një program i Divizionit të Paqësorit Jugor, që kishte si qëllim të shpërndante 200.000 Bibla, për të rinjtë. Më në fund, ai mësoi kuptimin e titullit të Biblës: Bibla e Nryshuesit të Botës. Ai mësoi se ndryshues i botës është një dishepull i Jezusit, që dëshiron të jetojë si dishepull dhe të bëjë dishepuj.

Mbas një viti studimesh Biblike, Solomoni vendosi se donte të bëhej një ndryshues bote. Ai ndoqi shembullin e Jezusit te Marku 1 dhe u pagëzua.

Sot, Solomoni është një 26 vjeçar, në klasën e 10të të shkollës, që drejton një grup të rinjsh, në ndërtimin e një kishe Adventiste, në fshatin e tij. Ai është gjithashtu edhe një misionar, që përdor Biblën e Ndryshuesit të Botës, për t'u dhënë studime Biblike anëtarëve të familjes dhe banorëve të fshatit.

-	Tani që jam Adventist, është dëshira ime e madhe të shoh familjen time t'i bashkohet kishës, - thotë ai.

Faleminderit për ofertat tuaja të misionit, që ndihmojnë në përhapjen e ungjillit, në Papua Guinea e Re dhe gjithë Divizionin e Paqësorit Jugor.

Shënim:

-	Projekti Bibla e Ndryshuesit të Botës filloi si një iniciativë e Departamentit të të Rinjve Adventiste të Divizionit të Paqësorit Jugor, nën drejtimin e Dr. Nik Kros. Ëndrra e tij ishte t'u jepte 200.000 të rinjve, të moshës 15-23 vjeçare, në Paqësorin Jugor, një Bibël dhe një pako dishepulli, për një shpenzim rreth 1.000.000 dollarë Australianë (rreth 850,000 lekë). Deri sot, janë shpërndarë më tepër se 225.700 Bibla në gjithë divizionin ndërsa misionarët kanë hyrë në fshatra të reja në Papau Guinea e Re, Ishujt Solomon, Samoa, Fixhi, etj.


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Nursing Student Chelsea Carbee '19 is writing herself out of the box.
Your academic success is top priority, but the School of Health Professions also believes in the importance of learning who you are outside of your studies. Not only do faculty and staff encourage you to join an athletic team, take part in the performing arts, and participate in clubs and community service organizations, they also cheer you from the sidelines, applaud your stage debut, share in community events, collaborate on service projects and support you at professional conferences. At Colby-Sawyer, you'll discover who you are alongside people who care about helping you establish a healthy work-life balance.
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ACHIEVING NEW AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION
Aerospace & Defense Cases Consulting
THE CUSTOMER PROBLEM
An Aircraft manufacturer had planned certification and delivery of its new business class (Part 23) twin-jet aircraft. In the several years since the manufacturer had certified a new aircraft, FAA certification requirements had changed significantly. The impact of these changes in time and effort was underestimated, causing the certification date to be missed and preventing delivery into service, with resulting financial consequences.
SeaTec was engaged to support System Safety Analysis (SSA) for the Propulsion system as the customer worked to bring the aircraft certification process back on-track.
THE CUSTOMER BENEFIT
Propulsion SSA Certification achieved – The propulsion SSA received FAA confirmation that it was acceptable to accomplish certification.
Provisional Type Certification for the Aircraft achieved – Enabling operators to begin flight training.
A reusable repeatable process that increases the probability of Certification and documentation shared – The Gold Standard documentation was provided, enabling the customer to reuse it across all aircraft systems (and future programs) to improve the probability of acceptance of all SSA sections for the other aircraft systems.
THE SEATEC SOLUTION
Aircraft system safety certification expertise was provided to complete portions of the propulsion system SSA, in accordance with the System Functional Hazard Assessment (SFHA), and the Safety Assessment Requirements (SAR).
A highly skilled team consisting of a team lead with deep knowledge in aircraft system safety, project manager, and specialized engineers.
The SeaTec team embedded with the manufacturer's engineering and leadership team and quickly took on the assessment of a specific portion of propulsion functionality.
The manufacturer team had already developed safety requirements through identification of functional hazards and their severity levels. In addition, the functional failure modes of the system (as determined by the engine supplier) were available to the team. However, the manufacturer team was struggling to complete the system safety assessment, in particular the qualitative write-ups which provide technical substantiation that the system complies with the applicable safety requirements.
The SeaTec team saw that the large number of authors working on the assessment, combined with a complex requirements organization scheme, was impeding progress.
Using available mature content and SeaTec expertise, a set of 'Gold Standard' write-ups were established and used to generate content for the System Safety Assessment. These detailed examples were then reviewed with the manufacturer's certification authorities in order to ensure they were adequate in detail, fidelity, and depth of analysis. The "Gold Standards" were then used to complete the System Safety Assessment and assure that it would be found acceptable to support certification.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Visualize nature travel with photographer Tom Dempsey
Category Archives: Alaska
Alaska travel tips and photographs.
2019 June: RV: Alaska-Canadian Highway; Cassiar; Yukon; Denali; Juneau; Glacier Bay
August 29, 2019 by Tom Dempsey
Our new Pleasure-Way Plateau XLTS RV drove like a dream for 6200 miles round trip from Seattle to Alaska from May 27-July 3, 2019. We reached Fairbanks and Denali National Park via the Cassiar Highway in BC and Klondike Loop through Yukon. We returned via the Parks Highway, Glenn Highway, and Alaska-Canadian Highway (ALCAN). A great side trip was by ferry from Haines to Juneau to Skagway. Out of five weeks, my top sights were 1) the day cruise from Juneau to South Sawyer Glacier in spectacular Tracy Arm Fjord, and 2) the fabulous flightseeing over Glacier Bay National Park starting from Skagway. Lastly, we returned for a bike ride and hike in Jasper National Park in Alberta, plus a quick stop to admire Mt Robson.
Favorite photos from Alaska-Canadian Highways trip 2019 May 27-July 3
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2019 Alaska & Canada trip interactive GPS waypoints and Google Maps
Alaska History
In Alaska, men have long outnumbered women; so Alaskan women jokingly say "the odds are good, but the goods are odd".
From 10,000-30,000 years ago, Asians migrated across the Bering land bridge from Siberia. In 1784, Russians led by Shelikof settled permanently on Kodiak Island. Natives were enslaved and ill-treated for generations. In the mid 1800s, Americans and British undermined the weakening Russian fur monopoly and Tlingits waged guerrilla war. In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward instigated US Congress to buy Alaska from the Russians. In 1880, gold was discovered at Silver Bow Basin and Juneau was founded. In 1896, gold was discovered on a tributary to the Klondike River, easiest accessed by ship via Skagway. World War II ravaged Attu & Kiska Islands in 1942-43. Alaska became a state in 1959, with a size one-fifth that of the lower 48 states combined. After the 1968 oil discovery at Prudhoe Bay, the trans-Alaska pipeline was built 1971-77. The 1971 "Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act" formed Native Corporations.
Alaska's resident population in 2019 is about 736,000 (similar to the number within Seattle city limits). Private pilots here outnumber truck and taxi drivers combined. Roads reach only 5 of Alaska's 15 national parks. Alaska visitors each year outnumber residents by a factor of two. About half of all visitors come via cruise ship.
Global warming: Since the mid 1900s, Alaska has warmed 3 degrees Fahrenheit and its winters have warmed nearly 6 degrees. Human-caused climate change induced by emissions of greenhouse gases continues to accelerate the warming of Alaska at an unprecedented rate. Climate change is having disproportionate effects in the Arctic, which is heating up twice as fast as the rest of Earth. Earth's glaciers are shrinking fast, as described below affecting Kluane Lake, Mendenhall Glacier, and Glacier Bay National Park.
Below are more extensive galleries and stories from each area visited.
CANADA: Barkerville, British Columbia
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Historically the main town of the Cariboo Gold Rush, Barkerville is now the largest living-history museum in Western North America. The town was named after Billy Barker from Cambridgeshire, England, who struck gold here in 1861, and his claim became the richest and the most famous. This National Historic Site nestles in the Cariboo Mountains at elevation 1200m (4000ft), at the end of BC Highway 26, 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of Quesnel. Gold here was first discovered at Hills Bar in 1858, followed by other strikes in 1859 and 1860. Wide publication of these discoveries in 1861 began the Cariboo Gold Rush, which reached full swing by 1865 following strikes along Williams Creek.
CANADA: Cassiar Highway, British Columbia
The scenic Stewart–Cassiar Highway (Highway 37, aka Dease Lake Highway or Stikine Highway) is the northwesternmost highway in BC.
The nonprofit 'Ksan Historical Village is a living museum of the Gitxsan Indigenous people, reconstructed in 1970 in the Skeena Country of Northwestern British Columbia. See impressive cultural artworks painted on longhouses and carved in totem poles. 'Ksan is near Hazelton at the confluence of the Skeena and Bulkley Rivers on Gitxsan territory, a short drive off of the Yellowhead Highway (just east of the southern start of the Cassiar Highway). 'Ksan was founded in 1866 (before Hazelton) and was populated by the Gitxsan Indigenous people.
In good weather, a side trip is worthwhile through Stewart, BC to Hyder, Alaska and beyond to Salmon Glacier, the world's largest glacier accessible via road. Salmon Glacier, the fifth largest in Canada, is a 37km (23 mile) drive from Stewart, past Hyder and beyond the Bear viewing platform, along Salmon Glacier Road, built for mining interests.
In tiny Jade City, Cassiar Mountain Jade Store is worth a visit.
CANADA: Yukon: Whitehorse, Dawson, Klondike Highway
We enjoyed a short hike from Miles Canyon Suspension Bridge, near Whitehorse, capital and largest city of the Yukon. At Miles Canyon and the former Whitehorse Rapids downstream, the Yukon River cuts through 8-million-year-old lava flows, the Miles Canyon Basalts. Salmon pooling above and below the rapids attracted humans who left tools here 2500 years ago, and likely other people arriving 8000-9000 years ago after the retreat of glaciers. These narrow cliffs and rapids also established the upstream terminus for paddlewheelers during the Klondike Gold Rush, eventually helping establish the City of Whitehorse. Whitehorse was incorporated in 1950 at kilometer 1426 (Historic Mile 918) on the Alaska Highway. The town was named for the former Whitehorse Rapids (now drowned by a hydroelectric dam), whose pale-colored glacially silted waters resemble the mane of a white horse. The Yukon River originates in British Columbia and flows into the Bering Sea in Alaska. Although historically and popularly called "Yukon Territory", the territory is now officially called "Yukon" (after the federal government's Yukon Act in 2002).
The SS Klondike No. 2 sternwheeler, launched at Whitehorse in 1937, was the largest vessel ever to sail the Canadian portion of the Yukon River. The SS Klondike No 2 moved silver-lead ore, freight, and passengers primarily between Whitehorse and Dawson, until retirement in 1955 ended the era of commercial steamboats in the Yukon. It's now a National Historic Site in Whitehorse.
Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre, in Whitehorse, has some frighteningly huge skeletons of extinct beasts, such as Jefferson's Ground Sloth (Megalonyx jeffersoni), which was endemic to North America from 10 million–11,000 years ago. It became extinct in Yukon 75,000 years ago. During the ice ages, Beringia's climate alternated between warm interglacial and cold glacial periods. During glacial periods, sea levels dropped 120 meters, exposing a land bridge that was up to 1000 kilometers (620 miles) wide. Beringia, like most of Siberia and all of North and Northeast China, was a grassland steppe. Fossils found on both sides of the Bering Land Bridge show that since the time of the dinosaurs, it was a major route for the exchange of plants and animals between Asia and North America. Swedish botanist Eric Hultén coined the term Beringia in 1937. Beringia includes the Chukchi Sea, the Bering Sea, the Bering Strait, the Chukchi and Kamchatka Peninsulas in Russia plus Alaska in the United States.
Just west of Whitehorse on the Alaska Highway, the Klondike Highway departs north as Yukon Highway 2 to Dawson City.
Dawson City was the center of the Klondike Gold Rush (1896–99), after which population rapidly declined, in Yukon, Canada. Dawson City shrank further during World War II after the Alaska Highway bypassed it 300 miles (480 km) to the south using Whitehorse as a hub. In 1953, Whitehorse replaced Dawson City as Yukon Territory's capital. Dawson City's population dropped to less than 900 through the 1960s-1970s, but later increased as high gold prices made modern placer mining operations profitable and tourism was promoted.
Dredge No. 4, a National Historic Site of Canada, was the largest wooden-hulled dredge in North America. Operating from 1913 until 1959, it recovered 8 metric tones of gold. After nearly 30 years on the Klondike River, it was re-built near the mouth of Bonanza Creek to run for another 18 years before sinking where seen now, along Bonanza Creek Road 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) south of the Klondike Highway near Dawson City. A hydro-electric dam 60 km away powered the massive water pumps, winches, and 72-bucket line to sluice gold from river gravel, 24-7 from late April or early May until late November each season, and sometimes throughout winter. Vast river beds were upended into tailing piles, including 26 homes, as the ongoing Placer Mining Act gave mining rights precedence over surface rights.
Although Dawson City's landscape is severely marred by industrial placer mining which continues to the present, my favorite sight was the Paddlewheel graveyard. Explore the ruins of seven historic paddlewheel boats discarded in the woods along the banks of the Yukon River. Directions: On foot or auto, take the free George Black Ferry to West Dawson and the Top of the World Highway. Turn right into Yukon River campground and park at its northern end. Walk through the yellow gate, turn left, and walk downstream a few minutes to the Paddlewheel graveyard. This site is protected under the Yukon Historic Resources Act. As we walked back to the ferry, a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) trotted by nonchalantly.
Jack London's Cabin replica evokes the American novelist, journalist, and social activist (1876–1916). At age 21, Jack London spent a difficult winter 1897–1898 prospecting for gold from in a rented cabin, just prior to the gold rush of 1898. While he didn't strike it rich, he later turned his Klondike adventures into fame and fortune with legendary short stories and books. His most famous works include "The Call of the Wild" and "White Fang", both set during the Klondike Gold Rush. A pioneer in the world of commercial magazine fiction, he was one of the first writers to become a worldwide celebrity and earn a fortune from writing. He was also an innovator in the genre that would later become known as science fiction. London's cabin, abandoned after the Gold Rush, was re-discovered by trappers in 1936 who noted London's signature on the back wall. Yukon author Dick North organized a search in 1965 and eventually had the cabin dismantled and shipped out. Two replicas were made from the original logs. One is shown in Dawson City, while the other was re-assembled at Jack London Square in Oakland, California, Jack's hometown.
A few blocks away, I photographed the Robert Service Cabin, rented by him 1909–1912. Robert William Service (1874–1958) was a British-Canadian poet and writer, often called "the Bard of the Yukon".
Alaska: Taylor Highway Chicken
Chicken is one of the few surviving gold rush towns in Alaska, worth a stop to see the metal chicken sculpture and the F.E. Company Dredge No. 4 (Pedro Dredge, part of Chicken Historic District), which ran 1938-1967 near Fairbanks & here at its final resting place in Chicken. Mining and tourism keep Chicken alive in the summer, and about 17 people stay through the winter. Gold miners settling here in the late 1800s wanted to name the town after local ptarmigan birds, but couldn't agree on the spelling, so instead called it Chicken to avoid embarrassment!
Alaska: Fairbanks & North Pole (combines images from 2019 and 2006)
I recommend the "Golden Heart Review" musical comedy, held nightly at the Palace Theatre in Gold Rush Town, Pioneer Park (Alaska's only Historic Theme Park), in Fairbanks. Through songs and stories, the polished, professional cast covers the historical highlights of Fairbanks, also known as "The Golden Heart City". Pioneer Park, run by the Fairbanks North Star Borough Department of Parks and Recreation, commemorates early Alaskan history with museums and historic displays. Pioneer Park was opened in 1967 as Alaska 67 Centennial Exposition to celebrate the centennial of the Alaska Purchase. After being given first to the state and then to the city, Mayor Red Boucher renamed the site Alaskaland, which was changed to its present name in 2001.
Alaska: Denali (Mount McKinley; combines images from 2019 and 2006)
Run by concessionaire Doyon/ARAMARK Joint Venture, the non-narrated transit buses are green in Denali National Park and Preserve. From our RV based 3 nights reserved in Teklanika Campground, I rode the bus twice to Eielson Visitor Center, including one trip further to Reflection Lake, above Wonder Lake.
Don't overlook Denali State Park along the Parks Highway in Matanuska-Susitna Borough adjacent to the east side of Denali National Park and Preserve. Hike the scenic Curry Ridge Trail (6 miles round trip with 1000 feet gain) from the great new K'esugi Ken Campground, in Denali State Park.
Alaska: Independence Mine State Historical Park, Wasilla
Independence Mine State Historic Park is 14 miles northwest of Palmer, Alaska. The Independence Mines were a gold mining operation in the Talkeetna Mountains. Independence Mine was the second-largest hard-rock gold mining operation in Alaska, after a larger site near Juneau. Mining here dates back to 1897 around Fishook Creek; these claims joined to form Wasilla Mining Company, which worked the mines from 1934-1943 and again 1948-1950. The company ended operations in 1950 expecting to resume, but never did, thereby well-preserving its mining equipment and buildings for eventual donation to the state in 1980, which established Independence Mine State Historic Park.
Alaska: Glenn Highway & Tok Cut-Off
Nabesna Road offers spectacular scenery in a seldom-seen, wild corner of Alaska, the headwaters of the Copper River. Tt Mile Post 16.6, Kettle Lake picnic site offers a great view of the Wrangell Mountains. A humorous sign here says "TOILET 1 MILE". The Wrangell Lavas built the Wrangell Mountains over the past 10 million years. Mount Wrangell (14,163 ft) is the largest andesite shield volcano in North America. The cinder cone of Mount Zanetti (13,009 ft) rose prominently 1000 feet above its northwest flank during the past 25,000 years. Wrangell reportedly erupted in 1784 and 1884–85. Occasional steam plumes rise from the park's only active volcano, and ash sometimes coats the summit snow. Flowing northward from it is the Copper Glacier, source of Copper River which flows northward, then westward along the end of the Wrangell Range, then southward to the Gulf of Alaska near Cordova, cutting through the coastal barrier of the Chugach Mountains, marking most of Park's western boundary.
Alaska: Haines Highway
A surprising gem, the Hammer Museum in Haines delighted my wife and I with its quirky and humorous tool displays!
At Port Chilkoot in Haines, we toured Fort William H. Seward National Historic Landmark. Also known as Chilkoot Barracks and Haines Mission, 1902-1945, it was the last of 11 military posts in Alaska during the gold rush era, and Alaska's only military facility between 1925 and 1940. It policed miners moving into the gold mining areas in the Alaskan interior, and provided military presence during negotiations over the nearby international border with Canada. William H. Seward was the United States Secretary of State who oversaw the Alaska purchase.
Alaska: Juneau & Tracy Arm
I had wanted to experience the Inside Passage by ferry between Prince Rupert and Juneau, but our dates had fully booked several months in advance. Instead, we ferried our 22.5-foot RV from Haines to Juneau to enjoy 5 nights in Mendenhall Campground. Then we ferried from Juneau to Skagway, all on the Alaska Marine Highway System. The Juneau area really captured our hearts.
Located in the Alaskan panhandle, Juneau is the capital city of Alaska and the second largest city in the USA by area (only Sitka is larger). Isolated by rugged terrain on Alaska's mainland, Juneau can only be reached by plane or boat. Downtown Juneau sits on Gastineau Channel at sea level under the steep Coast Mountains up to 4000 feet high, topped by Juneau Icefield and 30 glaciers. Juneau has been the capital of Alaska since 1906, when the government of what was the District of Alaska was moved from Sitka. The city is named after a gold prospector from Quebec, Joe Juneau. Kudos go to the Alaska State Museum in Juneau, the best collection in the state.
Nature expert and sculptor R.T. "Skip" Wallen created "Tahku", a stunning 6.5-ton, 25-foot tall breaching humpback whale statue with fountains and lights, completed in 2018 in Overstreet Park along the Seawalk near Juneau-Douglas Bridge in Juneau. Tahku celebrates 50 years of Alaska statehood 1959-2009.
I was intrigued by the Treadwell Mine Historic Trail, 3 miles south of Douglas Bridge next to Savikko Park. Formerly the largest gold mine in the world, this mini-town peaked in the 1880s, but was abandoned after partially sliding into the sea on April 21, 1917, when a massive cave-in flooded three of four underground mines 2300 feet deep, due to an extreme high tide and failure of unstable underground rock pillars. Now, spooky reminders poke through the forest on well-signposted and interpreted trail: the concrete New Office Building; 1917 slide site; "glory hole", and the restored shell of Treadwell pumphouse. The 1914 Pump House had three centrifugal pumps which lifted 2700 gallons of saltwater per minute from Gastineau Channel for milling and fire protection during the winter when fresh water from the Treadwell Ditch was frozen in snow pack. Treadwell Mine operated 1882-1922.
For spectacular views over Mendenhall Glacier, hike the West Glacier (Mt. McGinnis) Trail 6-9.5 miles round trip, 1000-3200 feet gain, best late May-September. The Trailhead is a half mile from Mendenhall Campground entrance by road. A good trail skirts the northwest side of Mendenhall Lake then climbs through forest to the bare rock along the glacier's west side, where some scrambling and route finding skills are required. Mendenhall Glacier flows 12 miles from downtown Juneau, in Mendenhall Glacier Recreation Area, a unit of Tongass National Forest. Mendenhall Glacier has retreated 1.75 miles since 1929, when Mendenhall Lake was created, and over 2.5 miles (4.0 km) since 1500.
Don't miss a day cruise to South Sawyer Glacier in Tracy Arm Fjord, in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains. We highly recommend the smoothly stabilized day cruise aboard the 56-foot boat Adventure Bound. This journey to the heart of Tracy Arm-Fords Terror Wilderness (Tongass National Forest) rivals Norwegian fjords and adds a punchbowl of icebergs from the spectacular South Sawyer Glacier, which calved ice into the tidewater with a rumble and a splash. Whales, bears, sea lions and other wildlife showed up along the way. The fjord twists narrowly 30 miles into the coastal mountains, with peaks jutting up to a mile high, draped with tumbling waterfalls.
Although few would call me religious, I loved the peaceful setting of the National Shrine of St. Therese, 22 miles north of downtown Juneau, in Tongass National Forest. A stone causeway from shore reaches this natural-stone chapel nestled amid a tranquil wooded island. This ministry of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Juneau is dedicated to St. Thérèse of Lisieux, the patron saint of Alaska, missionaries, and the Diocese of Juneau. She wrote that what really mattered in life was not our great deeds, but our great love.
Alaska: Flightseeing over Glacier Bay National Park
Flightseeing from Skagway or Haines (a cheaper base) is a spectacular way to see Glacier Bay. We were bedazzled by Mountain Flying Service's 1.3-hour West Arm tour from Skagway. Glacier Bay is honored by UNESCO as part of a huge Biosphere Reserve and World Heritage site shared between Canada and the United States. In 1750-80, Glacier Bay was totally covered by ice, which has since radically melted away. In 1794, Captain George Vancover found Icy Strait on the Gulf of Alaska choked with ice, and all but a 3-mile indentation of Glacier Bay was filled by a huge tongue of the Grand Pacific Glacier, 4000 feet deep and 20 miles wide. By 1879, naturalist John Muir reported that the ice had retreated 48 miles up the bay. In 1890, "Glacier Bay" was named by Captain Beardslee of the U.S. Navy. Over the last 200 years, melting glaciers have exposed 65 miles of ocean. As of 2019, glaciers cover only 27% of the Park area.
Alaska: Skagway
Skagway was founded in 1897 on the Alaska Panhandle. Skagway's population of about 1150 people doubles in the summer tourist season to manage more than one million visitors per year. Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park commemorates the late 1890s Gold Rush with three units in Municipality of Skagway Borough: Historic Skagway; the White Pass Trail; and Dyea Townsite and Chilkoot Trail. (A fourth unit is in Pioneer Square National Historic District in Seattle, Washington.)
Alaska-Canadian Highway (1942 ALCAN)
Open year round, the Alaska Highway is wider and slightly safer than Cassiar Highway. Both are worth driving as a loop, as we did in 2019. Road conditions were generally fast 50-65 mph, except some sections of permafrost heaves requiring 35-50 mph and a few dozen miles of gravel being repaved. The Alaska Highway comprises BC Highway 97 + Yukon Highway 1 + Alaska Route 2. It starts at Mile 0 in Dawson Creek, BC and goes via Whitehorse in Yukon to its officially end in Delta Junction, Alaska. Despite being driven by 100,000+ people per year (2016 estimate), this route feels quite remote, and is a great place to see roadside mega-fauna wildlife.
Originally known as the military acronym ALCAN, it is also called the Alaskan Highway or the Alaska-Canadian Highway. The ALCAN was built as a military road during World War II to link existing airfields to the territory of Alaska. In 1942, 1700 miles (2700 km) were completed, but weren't opened to the public until 1948. As of 2012 the roadway has been shortened via reconstruction to 1387 miles (2232 km), entirely paved (except where being repaired). Informal historic mileposts denote major stopping points. Delta Junction, at the end of the highway, claims "Historic Milepost 1422" where the Alaska Highway meets the Richardson Highway, which continues 96 mi (155 km) to the city of Fairbanks at Historic Milepost 1520, often (but unofficially) regarded as the northern portion of the Alaska Highway, although Richardson Highway Mileposts are measured from Valdez. The Alaska Highway is popularly (but unofficially) considered part of the Pan-American Highway to Argentina (with a discontinuity in Panama).
Fort Nelson Heritage Museum in British Columbia: this quirky museum is worth a stop to see the Alaska Highway construction display, pioneer artifacts, trapper's cabin, vintage autos & machinery, a white moose, and more.
Near Liard Hot Springs, keep alert for herds of Wood Bison, a threatened species in Canada, grazing obliviously along the Alaska Highway. We saw 50 by day (but beware their dark bodies are invisible at night).
Watson Lake's Sign Post Forest is one of the most famous landmarks along the Alaska Highway. Started by a homesick GI in 1942, the number of signs has snowballed. Private Carl Lindley, serving with the 341st Engineers during World War II, was assigned light duty while recovering from an injury and erected the signpost for his hometown: "Danville, Ill. 2835 miles". Visitors may add their own signs to the over 80,000 already present.
Don't miss the fascinating George Johnston museum at ALCAN Mile 804 in Teslin, Yukon, two kilometers north of the Nisutlin Bay Bridge. Colorful exhibits, dioramas, and artefacts honor Inland Tlingit people such as George Johnston, one of the Yukon's renowned photographers. Best of all is watching in their small theater the touching National Film Board film: "Picturing a People" by Tlingit Director Carol Geddes.
As the Alaska Highway crosses the former inlet of Kluane Lake in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, notice clouds of dust swept from Slims River Valley, which dried since a recent glacial meltwater diversion. In a startling case of global warming, over 4 days in spring 2016, the Slims River suddenly disappeared, leaving windswept mud flats creating clouds of dust in the formerly clear air. With its main water supply cut off, Kluane Lake will be isolated within a few years, shrinking below its outflow into the Kluane River (which flows into the Donjek River, White River, Yukon River, and eventually the Bering Sea). Kluane Lake chemistry and fish populations are rapidly changing. For the last 300 years, abundant meltwater from the Kaskawulsh Glacier has been channeled by ice dam to drain via the 150-meter wide Slims River, north into Kluane Lake. Between 1956 and 2007, the Kaskawulsh glacier retreated by 600-700 meters, which most scientists attribute to human-caused climate change. Meltwater flooding from accelerating retreat in 2016 carved a new channel through a large ice field, diverting all flows to the Kaskawulsh River, a tributary of the Alsek, which flows into the Gulf of Alaska.
I reveled in hiking Sheep Creek trail (15 km with 1200 m gain or 4000 ft) for spectacular views of the Slims River Valley, surrounding St. Elias Mountains, plus Kluane Lake seen from Soldier's Summit on Tachal Dahl (Sheep Mountain) Ridge. (Or halfway up also gives worthwhile views.) Three Dall sheep (Ovis dalli, or thinhorn sheep) encountered me on top.
Big Delta State Historical Park: Rika's Roadhouse served travelers on the historic Valdez-to-Fairbanks Trail from 1913 to 1947, at a historically important crossing of the Tanana River. Find it off mile 274.5 of the Richardson Highway in Big Delta, in the Southeast Fairbanks Area, Alaska. Jovo 'John' Hajdukovich, an immigrant from Montenegro, had the north-south section of this log structure built in 1913. Starting in 1917, Swedish immigrant Rika Wallen operated this regional hub serving gold stampeders, local hunters, traders, and freighters; and she bought the roadhouse in 1923. With the construction of the ALCAN Highway and the replacement of the ferry with a bridge downstream, traffic moved away and patronage declined.
Alaska animals, wildlife (combines images from 2019 and 2006)
Our roadside wildlife sightings over 5 weeks in 2019 racked up 50 bison, 21 black bears, 8 grizzlies, 29 caribou, 8 moose, 28 dall sheep, 12 stone sheep, 10 red foxes, 9 bald eagles, 2 otters, 1 porcupine, 90+ Steller sea lions, 90+ harbor seals, various snowshoe hares, sandhill cranes, etc. The long bus ride round trip to Wonder Lake in Denali National Park is especially great for seeing wildlife.
CANADA, Alberta: Jasper National Park images from 2019
In Jasper National Park, we bicycled from Snaring River Overflow Campground to Ewan & Madeline Moberly Homestead (1903 log cabin) and Corral Creek (10 miles round trip). Jasper is the largest national park in the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site (which I find to be more spectacular than the Alaska Highway).
With 1 km of rerouting discouraging our bikes on flooded Jacques Lake Trail on 01 July 2019, we instead hiked on foot for 6 miles to scenic Beaver Lake, then nearly to Summit Lake before turned back by rain, in Jasper National Park.
CANADA: Mount Robson Provincial Park, British Columbia
See much more about Mt Robson at this link.
Blue lupine flowers bloom beneath Mount Robson (3954 meters or 12,972 feet), whose summit is the highest point in the Canadian Rockies. Mount Robson Provincial Park (in British Columbia, Canada) is part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site listed by UNESCO in 1984. This image was stitched from 2 photos having near and far focus for great depth of field. Click to Add to your Cart for purchase using my Portfolio site. (© Tom Dempsey / PhotoSeek.com)
Recommended Alaska guidebooks
Search for latest "Alaska travel books" on Amazon.com (look for updates every 1 to 3 years).
2013: 2012: 2012: 2012:
2012: 2009:
The Milepost 2013 by Kris Valencia. Authoritative yearly guide to campgrounds and everything else mile by mile in Alaska for North Country campers, RV drivers, and travelers.
The Milepost 2012
Lonely Planet Alaska (Regional Guide 2012)
Frommer's Alaska (Frommer's Color Complete 2012)
DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Alaska (2012) by Eric Amrine
National Geographic Traveler: Alaska, 2nd Edition (2009) by Bob Devine
Roadside Geology of Alaska (Roadside Geology Series) by Cathy L. Connor
Hiking:
55 Ways to the Wilderness in Southcentral Alaska (Mountaineers Books 2002) by Helen Nienhueser. Excellent details on the best 55 hikes within about 4 hours drive of Anchorage.
Hiking Alaska, 2nd: A Guide to Alaska's Greatest Hiking Adventures (State Hiking Series, 2006) by Dean Littlepage. A helpful overview of the best hikes in the state.
Best Hikes Near Anchorage (Best Hikes Near Series, 2009) by John Tyson
50 Hikes in Alaska's Chugach State Park (2001) by Shane Shepherd
Explorer's Guide 50 Hikes in Alaska's Kenai Peninsula (Explorer's 50 Hikes, 2008) by Taz Tally
Hiking Alaska's Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve: From Day Hikes to Backcountry Treks (Regional Hiking Series, 2008) by Greg Fensterman
Historical: Travels In Alaska (2011) by John Muir
Posted in Alaska, All, Canada, Newest, North America, Travel Advice, Travel in USA, Travel worldwide	| 0 Comments
USA: ALASKA 2006
March 23, 2008 by Tom Dempsey
In Anchorage, Alaska, we rented a recreational vehicle (RV) in late August for 24 days to experience unique Alaskan culture, glaciers, fjords, fall colors, hiking, and the northern lights. This photo-filled article gives trip itineraries, map, and book recommendations for South-Central Alaska. Also read about our longer RV trip in 2019 to Southeast Alaska via the Alaska-Canadian Highway.
Favorite images from Alaska 2006 & 2019
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Suggested Alaska itinerary
We flew Northwest Airlines from Seattle to Anchorage and rented an RV for 24 days August 15 to September 8, 2006. I also shared a rental car and backpacked inexpensively July 5-23, 2002 near Anchorage, Girdwood, Chugach Mountains, and Kenai Peninsula.
Keep your schedule flexible and listen to the latest 2-day weather forecasts. Good forecasts let us book sunny days for the spectacular ***Phillips 26-Glacier College Fjord Cruise from Whittier and ***Denali flightseeing with Talkeetnaair.com from Talkeetna. In 2006, a steady downpour washed out the Parks Highway between Anchorage and Denali for 2.5 days. By flexibly reversing our planned route and first visiting Valdez and Fairbanks, the Parks Highway was reopened by the time we looped through back to Anchorage.
Key to activity ratings: *** Must do. ** Do. * Maybe if time allows
TIP: If you have 1 week in Alaska
Fly to Anchorage, rent a camper or RV, and drive for a week or more (about 600+ miles) to see everything on the Kenai Peninsula, which is a great microcosm of Alaska. Or instead of RV rental, many people enjoy the Alaska Railroad train, which connects Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula (Whittier), Denali National Park, and Fairbanks. If weather is clear, *** flightsee over the amazing glacial wilderness over Denali from Talkeetna (Talkeetnaair.com) or Anchorage Airport.
Seward Highway to Kenai Peninsula
Girdwood: Visit the fun town of Girdwood (40 minute drive from Anchorage), which has a good ski resort, nice hiking and historic mining ruins. ** "The Bake Shop" has great pizza, fresh bread, cinnamon rolls, healthy breakfast, lunch, and dinner near Alyeska Resort. Sunday Craft Market.
Whittier:
Whittier is a major cruise ship and train gateway to Anchorage. Pay a toll and drive through Whittier Tunnel (Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel), the longest combined vehicle-railroad tunnel in North America (2.5 miles, one lane wide, shared with train).
The excellent *** Phillips 26-Glacier College Fjord Cruise departs from Whittier and traverses 145 miles through the pristine passageways of Alaska's Prince William Sound (College & Harriman Fjords). Cruise from 1:00-5:30pm to see whales, sea lions, sea otters, Kittiwake Rookery, plus spectacular tidewater glaciers. "Catamaran with no seasickness, money back guarantee." Price includes a good hot meal. September discount. (For comparison, from Valdez, the separate Columbia Glacier tour with Stan Stephens features a glacier that is receding and declining in scenic impact.)
Easily hike ** Portage Pass and Glacier, 2 to 4 miles with 700 feet gain, to see a spectacular glacier tumbling ice bergs into a lake. Turn right on a national forest road just a few hundred yards east of the Whittier Tunnel for free parking at trailhead. (If you drive the couple of miles further into Whittier, parking costs at least $5 per day.)
Seward:
** Alaska Sealife Center gives a good introduction to coastal ecosystems.
*** Hike Exit Glacier, 1 to 8 miles round trip, up to 3000 feet gain. Don't miss my favorite hike in Alaska — a well graded trail with ever-improving glacier views as you ascend. Make noise and watch for bears. Example of climate change in Alaska: From 1815-1999, Exit Glacier retreated 6549 feet, melting an average of 35 feet per year (according to www.nps.gov/kefj/).
** Kenai Fjords National Park has an attractive cruise to Northwestern Fjord & Glacier. Tom cruised to the impressive Aialik Glacier in 2002, seeing whales, Steller sea lions, and bird life.
Camp on Seward's waterfront for a fee, or park your RV in a free pullout overnight on the road to Exit Glacier.
Ninilchik & Kenai: * Russian Orthodox Churches
Homer, 5 hours one-way drive from Anchorage:
** Wander through this artsy town at the "end of the road." Walk beaches and tide pools from Homer or Homer Spit. Try your luck at the "Alaska Halibut Fishing Capital of the World." Pratt Museum of Sealife covers art, natural history, native cultures, homesteading, fishing, marine ecology, and Exxon Valdez oil spill.
*** Kachemak Bay State Park requires a water taxi ride across Kachemak Bay to Glacier Spit.
** Hike Grewinkgk Glacier & Lake: Walk 5 miles (500 feet gain), from Glacier Spit to Saddle for pick-up, or 6.5 miles (150 feet gain) round trip from Glacier Spit.
*** Hike Alpine Ridge Trail for views into deep glacial valleys. Day hike 5-14 miles (2000-4000 feet gain). Optionally tent near start.
Overnight lodging options for Kachemak Bay State Park:
Camp overnight at Rusty's Lagoon.
Hike a short way with a backpack to camp on the beach at Glacier Lake.
Reserve rental cabins on Halibut Cove Lagoon and Tutka Bay. $65 peak and $50 non-peak as of 2011. Bring your own pads, sleeping bags, stove, toilet paper, lights. No electricity. Wood stove for heat.
TIP: If you have 2 to 3 weeks in Alaska
Do the above week, and add a 1200+ mile RV driving loop seeing Valdez, Fairbanks, and Denali National Park (map at bottom).
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Along the Parks Highway: ***Denali State Park
is closer to Anchorage than Denali National Park and gives dramatic front-lit views of Mt. McKinley/Denali from the highway or trails. Weather for best photography is often better at sunrise than at sunset.
Hike ***Kesugi Ridge: At Parks Highway milepost 147, camp at Byers Lake Campground, where trail starts. Hike 8.5 miles round trip with 2100 feet gain from Byers Lake to Tarn Point. Or loop Byers Lake. Get USGS 1:63,000 map.
Hike ***Little Coal Creek Trail at north end of park. Hike any distance 2 to 10+ miles for great views and pretty terrain.
The town of Talkeetna inspired the quirky television series "Northern Exposure" (set in fictional Cicely, Alaska and filmed in Roslyn, Washington) and has a good distant view of Denali and the Alaska Range.
If weather is clear, don't miss ***flightseeing over Denali from Talkeetna. Expect $195 to $300+ per person for 1 to 3 hours (2011). Try Grand Circle Denali with an exciting glacier landing (which adds ~$75). Talkeetnaair.com gave us clear bubble windows and expert feather-smooth landings. Flightseeing from Anchorage Airport adds $100.
*** Denali National Park
Trains and buses arrive from Anchorage, but a rental vehicle is more flexible and a camper/RV is delightful. Driving distances:
From Denali, driving to Valdez via Fairbanks is the same distance (489 miles) as to Valdez via Palmer.
Denali Park to Fairbanks (121 miles) to Valdez (368 miles)
Denali Park to Wasila (195 miles) to Palmer (12 miles) to Valdez (262 miles).
Seasonal timetable for wildlife, mountain views, and Alaskan fall colors:
Best fall colors and moose watching are in late August***. Watch for the Northern Lights (aurora borealis) in the middle of the night.
Weather: Mt. McKinley/Denali (20,320 feet) is only visible 1 out of 3 days. Rain falls as light showers or drizzle for half the time in summer. Least cloudy time is early morning, which requires overnight tenting at Wonder Lake.
Photography is best on Denali National Park road in early or late daylight hours because Denali is backlit much of the afternoon. (From Denali State Park (see below), the mountain is fully front lit.)
In early September, moose bash antlers amongst the spruce & willow shrubs, hoping to win breeding rights, along the first 15 miles of Denali Park Road and on Horseshoe Lake Trail. At this time, temperatures are in mid-30's to 60's, averaging 58° F.
August 20 to early September display peak fall colors at Denali NP. Color varies greatly around the park and changes fast:
Peak #1: August 28 is the usual peak date for tundra colors/reds at >2500′ elevations. **Hike through red colored landscapes around Highway Pass/Stoney Hill and Polychrome Pass. The tundra peak color usually lasts until September 3-5, depending on elevation, wind, rain. Some color persists longer in Wonder Lake and lower Savage.
Peak #2: September 10 (plus or minus 3 days) is the usual color peak of golden aspen along Nenana Canyon.
In early September, a week after Denali park's peak color, **Chena River State Recreation Area (east of Fairbanks) reportedly has great red tundra colors in the fall.
Yellow tree leaf fall colors on Kenai Peninsula change a few days after Denali, with aspen golds usually peaking Sept 15-18th. Glenn Highway has great gold aspens against rugged mountain background. Just a few days after Kenai comes the Anchorage area's color peak, the last in south-central Alaska.
Third week of September: snow closes Denali Park Road.
*** Denali National Park Green Shuttle Bus:
To travel past Mile 20 on the Denali Park Road, you must ride one of the several types of shuttle bus (Green, Camper, or Tour). The Green and Camper buses are cheapest and most flexible, plus you get more of a tour.
Denali National Park's Green Shuttle Bus takes 11 hours round trip from the Wilderness Access Center (WAC, near park entrance) to Wonder Lake, 86 miles one way.
From the bus you are likely to see lots of wildlife, including Dall sheep, moose, brown bears ("grizzlies"), foxes, wolves, and so forth. A "Grand Slam" means seeing moose, caribou, wolf, and bear on one bus ride (rare). We saw 15 brown bears on each of two days riding the Green Shuttle bus. Spot Dall Sheep around Polychrome Pass (hiking) and Igloo Creek Campground (mile 34).
The earliest bus has the best wildlife viewing. For Denali views, sit on left side outbound and right side inbound. There is no time on the shuttle for hikes at Wonder Lake unless you go early, get off for a few hours, then take the last shuttle out, a 14-hour day, or reserve tent camping overnight.
Riding the shuttle all day is very tiring unless you get off and walk for a few hours along the road or in the wilderness, or camp overnight.
The bus starts at the Wilderness Access Center and picks people up at campgrounds. 2 people per seat, overhead racks for soft & lightweight items & jackets. Beginning at mile 20, a visitor can exit a bus to do some day hiking or exploring, then return to the road when ready and re-board the next shuttle (green) bus that has space available. During peak hours/peak season this can be a wait up to an hour or more. The bus stops every 1.5 hours for restroom break.
Tip: Shave 3 hours on the round trip bus to Wonder Lake by staying at Teklanika Campground in a hard-sided RV/camper:
*** Teklanika Campground, Denali National Park
Camping at Teklanika makes the shuttle bus round trip to Wonder Lake 3 hours shorter (making a more tolerable 8 hours round trip). Enjoy remote wilderness in the comfort of your hard-sided RV.
Drive to Denali Road Milepost 29 at Teklanika River, the furthest allowed for private campers (except for end-of-season lottery winners).
Rules: 3 nights minimum stay. RV or hard sided vehicles only. Once arrived, RV cannot move until exiting (back to Milepost 20 and further towards the park entrance). 8 people per site max. Open May 20 – Sept. 17. Use dump station at Riley Creek Campground before driving to Teklanika.
Prior to driving in, Teklanika Pass ("Tek Pass" $31.50 as of 2011) is required for shuttle bus transportation during your 3-day stay. Tek Pass admits you onto the park shuttle on unlimited standby basis (with first day guaranteed).
When booking a Teklanika Pass, schedule a Shuttle Bus for your first full day in Denali (the first day you actually "wake up" at Teklanika Campground) – preferably choose a Wonder Lake or Kantishna Shuttle Bus for your Tek Pass. (If you reserve Polychrome, Toklat, Eielson or Fish Creek for your Tek Pass, you will have to switch buses on a space available basis to Wonder Lake/ Kantishna.)
** Richardson Highway, Valdez to Fairbanks
** Valdez has a very spectacular fjord and mountain setting, despite the bustling oil industry.
** The last thirty miles of Richardson Highway south to Valdez has beautiful sweeping vistas, canyons, and waterfalls.
** Worthington Glacier State Recreation Site: Step out of the car and/or hike at Thompson Pass just outside Valdez in Chugach Mountains, Chugach National Forest.
Reserve Valdez RV campgrounds in advance, due to summer popularity.
* Columbia & Meares Glacier cruise with "Stan Stephens" Columbia Glacier is declining in beauty. Instead try ***Phillips 26-Glacier College Fjord Cruise from Whittier (see above).
**Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark and quirky McCarthy make a worthwhile side trip off Richardson Highway.
Kennecott is one of America's wildest & most photogenic ghost towns, a copper mining town dating from 1889-1938.
Use the Kennecott Shuttle to avoid 120 miles round trip on a rough potholed road (although the road has improved over the years).
Chitina is a native American village, located 325 miles from Anchorage, with views of the Wrangell Mountains. My wife stayed with the RV at the public Copper River Campground across the long bridge near Chitina, while I took the Kennecott Shuttle for 60 miles one way to McCarthy for an overnight stay.
**Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve was proclaimed a national monument in 1978 and a world heritage site in 1979. In 1980, it was established as a national park and preserve, the largest in the USA.
The **Park Visitor Center is well worth visiting at Richardson Highway Milepost 106.8, between Glennallen and Copper Center. See the spectacular movie presentation.
**Nabesna Road offers spectacular scenery and access to a seldom seen, wild corner of Alaska, in the headwaters of the Copper River.
42 miles long, paved for the first 4 miles, then 2wd gravel, but stream crossings may require high clearance or 4wd: Trail Creek (Mile 29), Lost Creek (Mile 30.8), Boyden Creek (Mile 34.3) — all are usually dry or have only a shallow flow over the road surface, some with soft bottoms.
** Primitive free campgrounds: Mile 6.1 Rufus Creek. Mile 12.2 Copper Lake Trailhead. ** Mile 16.6 great view of peaks. Mile 17.8 Dead Dog Hill Rest Area. Mile 21.8 Rock Lake Rest Area.
** Mile 15-18: notice the prominent Wrangell Mountains, built from the Wrangell Lavas 10 million years ago to present. The conspicuous high glaciated conical summit to the southwest is Mount Sanford, the fifth highest mountain in the United States (16,237 feet), a strato-volcano (or composite cone). Mount Wrangell is the more distant, rounded and glacial covered dome southeast of Mount Sanford, with its summit of 14,163 ft, the largest andesite shield volcano in North America, the park's only active volcano, releasing occasional steam plumes. Shield volcanoes have more frequent, but less violent eruptions. North of Mount Sanford and nearer to the road is the jagged prominence of Capital Mountain 7,731 ft, an eroded shield volcano, like Tanada Peak 9,240 ft (the jagged dark colored ridge north and east of Mt. Wrangell), formed between one and two million years ago and eroded only during the last million years. On a clear day, Mount Jarvis can be seen over the right shoulder of Tanada Peak. Flowing northward from the great ice fields of Mount Wrangell is the Copper Glacier, melting into the Copper River which flows northward, then westward along the end of the Wrangell Range, then southward to the Gulf of Alaska near Cordova, cutting through the coastal barrier of the Chugach Mountains, and marking most of the Park's western boundary.
Mile 24.7 Watershed Divide (3,320 ft). Leaving the Copper River watershed which drains into the Gulf of Alaska and entering the Yukon River watershed which drains into the Bering Sea.
Follow the Trans-Alaska Pipeline (an amazing engineering feat) northwards and cross the impressive **Alaska Range.
Fairbanks: **Museum of the North, at the University of Alaska.
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Glenn Highway (Anchorage to Glennallen)
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Drive 304 miles from Anchorage to Palmer to Glennallen to Valdez.
camp at *Eagle River Campground (Glenn Highway Milepost 11.6) for a beautiful natural setting close to the city. Moose are common.
* Alaska Zoo.
The * Musk Ox Farm makes a fun visit (near Palmer at Glenn Highway Milepost 50, open in the summer from 10-6pm). A "musk ox" (ovibos moschatus) is not an ox and has no musk glands! Instead, it is a relative of sheep and goats. 3000 musk ox live in Alaska and 100,000 more live worldwide in the far north. Due to their habit of huddling together in a circle (with calves in the center) when threatened, the species nearly went extinct after the invention of guns.
* Knik Glacier & Pioneer Ridge Trail: Hike 2200 feet up to the first picnic table on Pioneer Ridge trail, a fairly steep 4 miles round trip, for a good view of the Knik Glacier and River.
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Southeast Alaska: the Alaska Panhandle
Read about our RV trip in 2019 to Southeast Alaska via the Alaska-Canadian Highway. In 2019, instead of driving to the Prince Rupert ferry (which had fully booked several months in advance), we ferried our RV from Haines to Juneau for 5 nights in Mendenhall Campground, then ferried from Juneau to Skagway.
Southeast Alaskans say April/May has best weather and fewer tourists than summer. In Southeast Alaska, you could save money by driving to Prince Rupert, Canada, then ride ferries (without a vehicle) round trip to Juneau. Board ferries spontaneously as passengers without a car. Bus or rent a car at various ferry stops. Ferrying a vehicle costs hundreds of dollars and requires reservations 4-6 months in advance.
Key to above activity ratings: *** Must do. ** Do. * Maybe if time allows.
Alaskan animal and wildlife photos
Recreational vehicle rental in Alaska
To experience the great Alaskan outdoors, driving an RV (recreational vehicle or motorhome) or camper has big advantages over tenting or lodging.
Campground slots are much easier found spontaneously than hotel lodging. The only campgrounds we needed to reserve (from August 15 to September 8, 2006) were Teklanika (RV) and Wonder Lake (tent) in Denali NP.
Camping puts you in closer contact with nature than a hotel room. An RV is just as comfortable and more convenient than a hotel.
Unpack luggage just once into an RV, instead of repacking every day to and from hotels.
A. RV versus pickup camper
ClippershipMotorhomes.com gave us excellent value RV rental in 2006:
Clippership Motorhomes gives free airport pick up (907) 562-7051 or 800-421-3456. 8-5 pm every day.
20 or 22-foot Economy Class $2200 for 24 days August 15 – September 8, 2006 = $90/day plus gas (includes 8% MOA tax & 3% state tax), 2400 free miles then $.15/mile. Housekeeping package $15 each. Reserve with deposit $250, then upon arrival pay $250 more deposit. Aside from gravelled campgrounds or short access roads, all gravel roads are prohibited. Highway fuel inefficiency is 9 miles per gallon of gasoline.
Includes: Sheets, blankets, pillows, towels, pots and pans, knife, fork and spoon for each traveler, pancake turner, measuring cup, baking pan, scrubber, cooking spoons, can opener, grater, colander, paring knife, butcher knife, coffee pot, mixing bowls, pot holders, cutting board, potato peeler, broom, dust pan, water hose, level, trash can and instruction manual. Add the convenient housekeeping package: $15.00 per person: dishes, glasses, pitcher, kitchen towel, dish cloth, first aid kit, dish soap, paper towels, toilet paper, bath soap, toilet chemical, matches and hangers.
Small RV and pickup camper rentals may cost equally, even off season.
A pickup camper gets better gas mileage than an RV, but its daily rental rate can be higher than a small RV.
Save 20 to 30% on your motorhome RV rental by renting before or after high season, which runs from about July 1 to August 15.
A pickup mounted with a camper shell will take you over rougher roads to more places than a motorhome or RV.
As priced in 2006, pickup campers offered no off-season price savings.
B. Flying versus driving to Alaska
Renting a vehicle in Anchorage saves 4000+ miles of driving from the Lower 48 States. Much of the famous Alaska-Canadian (ALCAN) Highway is through monotonous forest. Driving from Seattle to Anchorage (5300 miles round trip) would have added two weeks of driving expense. Driving your own vehicle from the Lower 48 may be worthwhile for trips of 4 weeks or more. For trips of 1-3 weeks, fly and rent a vehicle.
C. Car + tenting
Sleeping in your own tent is the cheapest accomodation in Alaska, but wind, rain and bugs (which bite mid June to mid July) make tenting uncomfortable for all but the young and hardy.
D. Car + lodging
Car plus lodging costs about as much as renting an RV. Lodging often must be reserved well in advance in popular areas of Alaska. Lodging can be scarce in the beautiful areas where you may most want to experience nature, whereas RV camping or overnight parking areas are much more plentiful.
Above: A map of South Central Alaska shows our 24-day itinerary in a rented RV (recreational vehicle): starting at Anchorage, see Kenai Peninsula, College and Harriman Fjord day cruise, Valdez, McCarthy, Fairbanks, Denali, and Alaska Range flightseeing from Talkeetna.
Weather and when to visit
May 10 to September 15 is generally a good time to visit most parts of Alaska.
Alaska Time Zone = Seattle (or Pacific Time Zone) minus one hour.
Long daylight: June 21 is the longest day of the year, with 19 hours of daylight in Anchorage, 22 in Fairbanks, and 18 hours in Southeast Alaska. Any time between Spring and Fall equinoxes, the days are significantly longer in Alaska than at lower latitudes.
Peak tourist season is mid-June to mid-August. Before and after that are "shoulder season" discounts 10 – 25% at some hotels and tours.
Hiking season: Snow in high country or Arctic regions does not melt until about late June. June is "post-hole" season, so named for each step falling through melting snow.
Fall colors: Peak fall colors of the red tundra in Denali are late August to early September. On the Kenai Peninsula, aspen tree yellow & gold leaf fall colors usually peak September 15-18th, a few days after Denali National Park. The Glenn Highway (from Anchorage to Glennallen) has great gold aspens against rugged mountain background. Just a few days after Kenai comes the Anchorage area's yellow color peak, which is the last turning of leaf colors in south-central Alaska.
May is generally drier in Alaska, with about a 25% chance of measurable rain on the average day. Alaska gets rainier as the summer progresses. By August, the chance of rain increases to about 50% on a given day.
Climate zones:
Rainiest areas are on the ocean side of mountain ranges.
In south-central Alaska's summer (Anchorage & Homer), expect rain one third of the time, cloudy one third, and sunny one third. Peak mosquito season is the end of June and the first part of July in marshy lowlands, but no problem on breezy alpine ridges. Bugs are no problem after late July. South-central Alaska has 70% of the state's population and the most roads and hiking trails. The varied climate transitions from the mild and wet southern coast, to the colder and drier interior to the north.
Fairbanks and the interior north of the Alaska Range have significantly sunnier weather than further south. The snow melts faster in the interior in Spring than in south-central Alaska. Early summer season has thunderstorms and forest fires. The interior of Alaska has more mosquitoes than south-central Alaska, starting in mid-June, but the bugs die away after the first frosts in late July. The best interior hiking is in the Alaska Range and the Yukon-Tanana uplands near Fairbanks.
Southeast Alaska (Juneau to Ketchikan) is the rainiest area in Alaska (with local variability). Locals say April/May has the best weather with the least rain and fewer tourists.
Southwest Alaska (including Katmai National Park) is wet and windy, and stretches 1400 miles down Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands.
Global warming: climate change in Alaska
Over the past 50 years, Alaska's winters have warmed by 6.3°F (3.5°C) and its annual average temperature has increased 3.4°F (2.0°C) (Karl et al. 2009). Alaska has warmed more than twice as fast as the continental United States. As stated by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007): Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global sea level. This warming is very likely (more than 90% certain) related to anthropogenic (human caused) greenhouse gas emissions. Read more about global warming and climate change.
Bring to Alaska
NOAA weather radio. Or get weather forecasts via cell phone/internet. Many walkie-talkies can receive NOAA weather radio (updated every 6 hours) within about 10-15 miles of main cities. Hikers and backpackers should check two-day weather forecasts frequently.
binoculars for wildlife viewing
Sleep mask – even on September 1, skies are surprisingly light for 16 hours in Anchorage!
DEET insect repellant wards off the mosquito "unofficial state bird": If mosquitoes worry you, complete your trip before they hatch in mid-June, or visit the last week in July or later when the first night frosts eliminate most insect problems. If visiting during mosquito season (mid-June to mid-July), DEET is the only proven repellent.
Motion sickness remedy (a prescription patch works best) for sea & air (though we didn't need it).
If camping overnight at Wonder Lake or elsewhere, bring camping gear: tent, stove, pots, sleeping bag, pad, backpack, safety matches, etc.
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9372. And He said unto Moses. That this signifies that which concerns the Word in general, is evident from the representation of Moses, as being the Word (of which below); and from the signification of "He said," as involving those things which follow in this chapter, thus those which concern the Word (see n. 9370). (That Moses represents the Word, can be seen from what has been often shown before about Moses, as from the preface to Genesis 18; and n. 4859, 5922, 6723, 6752, 6771, 6827, 7010, 7014, 7089, 7382, 8601, 8760, 8787, 8805.) Here Moses represents the Word in general, because it is said of him in what follows, that he alone should come near unto Jehovah (verse 2); and also that, being called unto out of the midst of the cloud, he entered into it, and went up the mount (verses 16-18).
After the messengers of John had departed, Jesus began to speak concerning John, saying, What went ye out into the wilderness to see? a reed shaken by the wind? But what went ye out to see? a man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they that wear soft things are in kings' houses. But what went ye out to see? a prophet? Yea, I say unto you, even more than a prophet. This is he of whom it is written, Behold I send Mine angel before Thy face, who shall prepare Thy way before Thee. Verily I say unto you, Among those who are born of women there hath not arisen a greater than John the Baptist; nevertheless he that is less in the kingdom of the heavens is greater than he. All the prophets and the law prophesied until John. And if ye are willing to believe, he is Elias who was to come. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear (Matthew 11:7-15; and also Luke 7:24-28).
No one can know how these things are to be understood, unless he knows that this John represented the Lord as to the Word, and unless he also knows from the internal sense what is signified by "the wilderness" in which he was, also what by "a reed shaken by the wind," and likewise by "soft raiment in kings' houses;" and further what is signified by his being "more than a prophet," and by "none among those who are born of women being greater than he, and nevertheless he that is less in the kingdom of the heavens is greater than he," and lastly by his being "Elias." For without a deeper sense, all these words are uttered merely from some comparison, and not from anything of weight.
 But it is very different when by John is understood the Lord as to the Word, or the Word representatively. Then by "the wilderness of Judea in which John was" is signified the state in which the Word was at the time when the Lord came into the world, namely, that it was "in the wilderness," that is, it was in obscurity so great that the Lord was not at all acknowledged, neither was anything known about His heavenly kingdom; when yet all the prophets prophesied about Him, and about His kingdom, that it was to endure forever. (That "a wilderness" denotes such obscurity, see n. 2708, 4736, 7313.) For this reason the Word is compared to "a reed shaken by the wind" when it is explained at pleasure; for in the internal sense "a reed" denotes truth in the ultimate, such as is the Word in the letter.
 That the Word is more than any doctrine in the world, and more than any truth in the world, is signified by "what went ye out to see? a prophet? Yea, I say unto you, and more than a prophet;" and by, "there hath not arisen among those who are born of women a greater than John the Baptist;" for in the internal sense "a prophet" denotes doctrine (n. 2534, 7269); and "those who are born," or are the sons, "of women" denote truths (n. 489, 491, 533, 1147, 2623, 2803, 2813, 3704, 4257).
The disciples asked Jesus, Why say the scribes that Elias must first come? He answered and said, Elias must needs first come, and restore all things. But I say unto you, that Elias hath come already, and they knew him not, but did unto him whatsoever they wished. Even so shall the Son of man also suffer of them. And they understood that He spoke to them of John the Baptist (Matthew 17:10-13).
Behold I send you Elijah the prophet before the great and terrible day of Jehovah cometh (Malachi 4:5).
John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judea, had His clothing of camel's hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his food was locusts and wild honey (Matthew 3:1, 4).
He was a hairy man, and girt with a girdle of leather about his loins (2 Kings 1:8).
By "clothing," or a "garment," when said of the Word, is signified truth Divine there in the ultimate form; by "camel's hair" are signified memory-truths such as appear there before a man in the world; by the "leathern girdle" is signified the external bond connecting and keeping in order all the interior things; by "food" is signified spiritual nourishment from the knowledges of truth and of good out of the Word; by "locusts" are signified ultimate or most general truths; and by "wild honey" their pleasantness.
 That such things are signified by "clothing" and "food" has its origin in the representatives of the other life, where all appear clothed according to truths from good, and where food also is represented according to the desires of acquiring knowledge and growing wise. From this it is that "clothing," or a "garment," denotes truth (as may be seen from the citations above; and that "food" or "meat" denotes spiritual nourishment, n. 3114, 4459, 4792, 5147, 5293, 5340, 5342, 5576, 5579, 5915, 8562, 9003; that "a girdle" denotes a bond which gathers up and holds together interior things, n. 9341; that "leather" denotes what is external, n. 3540; and thus "a leathern girdle" denotes an external bond; that "hairs" denote ultimate or most general truths, n. 3301, 5569-5573; that "a camel" denotes memory-knowledge in general, n. 3048, 3071, 3143, 3145, 4156; that "a locust" denotes nourishing truth in the extremes, n. 7643; and that "honey" denotes the pleasantness thereof, n. 5620, 6857, 8056). It is called "wild honey," or "honey of the field," because by "a field" is signified the church (n. 2971, 3317, 3766, 7502, 7571, 9139, 9295). He who does not know that such things are signified, cannot possibly know why Elijah and John were so clothed. And yet that these things signified something peculiar to these prophets, can be thought by everyone who thinks well about the Word.
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and God was the Word. And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory. The Jews from Jerusalem, priests and Levites, asked John who he was. And he confessed, and denied not, I am not the Christ. Therefore they asked him, What then? Art thou Elias? But he said, I am not. Art thou the prophet? He answered, No. They said therefore unto him, Who art thou? He said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said Isaiah the prophet. They said therefore, Why then baptizest thou, if thou art not the Christ, nor Elias, nor the prophet? He answered, I baptize with water; in the midst of you standeth one whom ye know not; He it is who is to come after me, who was before me, the latchet of whose shoe I am not worthy to unloose. When he saw Jesus, he said, Behold the Lamb of God, who taketh away the sin of the world! This is He of whom I said, After me cometh a man who was before me; for he was before me (John 1:1, 14, 19-30).
From these words it is plain that when John spoke about the Lord Himself, who was Truth Divine itself, or the Word, he said that he himself was not anything, because the shadow disappears when the light itself appears, that is, the representative disappears when the original itself makes its appearance. (That the representatives had in view holy things, and the Lord Himself, and not at all the person that represented, see n. 665, 1097, 1361, 3147, 3881, 4208, 4281, 4288, 4292, 4307, 4444, 4500, 6304, 7048, 7439, 8588, 8788, 8806.) One who does not know that representatives vanish like shadows at the presence of light, cannot know why John denied that he was Elias and the prophet.
 From all this it can now be seen what is signified by Moses and Elias, who were seen in glory, and who spoke with the Lord when transfigured, of His departure which He should accomplish at Jerusalem (Luke 9:29-31); namely, that they signified the Word ("Moses" the historic Word, and "Elias" the prophetic Word), which in the internal sense throughout treats of the Lord, of His coming into the world, and of His departure out of the world; and therefore it is said that "Moses and Elias were seen in glory," for "glory" denotes the internal sense of the Word, and the "cloud" its external sense (see the preface to Genesis 18, and n. 5922, 8427).
Compare the birth of John the Baptist with the birth of Jesus Christ. What do the births of these men mean in our lives?
5 And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort ye your hearts; after that ye shall pass on: for therefore are ye come to your servant. And they said, So do, as thou hast said.
6 And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth.
7 And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetcht a calf tender and good, and gave it unto a young man; and he hasted to dress it.
8 And he took butter, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat.
9 And they said unto him, Where is Sarah thy wife? And he said, Behold, in the tent.
10 And he said, I will certainly return unto thee according to the time of life; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son. And Sarah heard it in the tent door, which was behind him.
11 Now Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age; and it ceased to be with Sarah after the manner of women.
12 Therefore Sarah laughed within herself, saying, After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?
13 And the LORD said unto Abraham, Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I of a surety bear a child, which am old?
15 Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. And he said, Nay; but thou didst laugh.
16 And the men rose up from thence, and looked toward Sodom: and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way.
18 Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him?
19 For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the LORD, to do justice and judgment; that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him.
21 I will go down now, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it, which is come unto me; and if not, I will know.
22 And the men turned their faces from thence, and went toward Sodom: but Abraham stood yet before the LORD.
23 And Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt thou also destroy the righteous with the wicked?
24 Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city: wilt thou also destroy and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are therein?
25 That be far from thee to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked: and that the righteous should be as the wicked, that be far from thee: Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?
26 And the LORD said, If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for their sakes.
28 Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous: wilt thou destroy all the city for lack of five? And he said, If I find there forty and five, I will not destroy it.
29 And he spake unto him yet again, and said, Peradventure there shall be forty found there. And he said, I will not do it for forty's sake.
30 And he said unto him, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak: Peradventure there shall thirty be found there. And he said, I will not do it, if I find thirty there.
31 And he said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord: Peradventure there shall be twenty found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for twenty's sake.
32 And he said, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak yet but this once: Peradventure ten shall be found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for ten's sake.
33 And the LORD went his way, as soon as he had left communing with Abraham: and Abraham returned unto his place.
Heat, as mentioned in Revelation 16:9, signifies the lust of evils which are contained in self-love and the delights of it.
'The three men' who appeared to Abraham, as in Genesis 18:2, signify the essential divine, the divine human, and the holy proceeding.
'Washing of the hands' was an ancient declaration of innocence, and signifies purification from evils and falsities, as in Psalms 73:13 and Matthew 27:24.
A fine signifies amendment, because inflicted for that end.
'Meal and farina' signifies the truth of faith, or truth from good.
'A herd,' as mentioned in Genesis 32:7, denotes exterior or natural good, and also not good things.
'Weak eyed' relates to the understanding.
'Tender and good' denote the celestial natural.
'The son of a cow' signifies the celestial natural level and natural exterior good.
Behind, or after, (Gen. 16:13), signifies within or above, or an interior or superior principle.
A pit,' or 'well which has no water,' as in Jeremiah 2:13, signifies doctrines which have no truths.
To be 'surety' for someone, signifies being joined to him, as in Genesis 43:9.
'Justice' signifies both good and truth.
'The wicked' or 'unrighteous' denotes being not in truth of faith.
'To slay' or 'to kill' in the Word, means destroying souls, which is spiritually killing.
The dust and ashes mentioned in Genesis 18:27 signify the Lord's merely human principle from the mother, in respect to his essential divine principle.
Five also signifies all things of one part.
The Lord promises Abraham many descendants.


We are a family owned and operated business located in the heart of Lancaster County.
We specialize in diamond engagements, custom, colored gem stones, appraisals, family heirlooms and estate. Our shops also features artwork from Artist Lynn Hathy.
It is our hope that you will be pleasantly surprised that you can afford a larger and finer quality made diamond and setting than you thought possible.
Flower and Excalibur, Hearts and Arrows, and Tolkowsky Ideal cut fine diamonds.
Lynn Hathy creates her art by making use of common everyday shapes and objects. She enjoys discovering unique ways to combine bright and vibrant colors to create interesting designs. At an early age, Lynn started painting landscapes and using oil paints. More recently she switched to acrylic paints. Lynn enjoys creating intriguing works of art that draw the viewer in for a closer look. Some of her designs are purely decorative art either detailed with lavish designs or whimsical.


Whole life insurance is a sort of insurance that offers a flat premium payment for a definite period of time. This sort of plan assures you of death benefit. One of the benefits that can be obtained from this type of policy is cash surrender value, which is a cash reserve that can surely be utilized for retirement age.
Cash values being drawn from a whole life policy are commonly taken from the policy itself. But dividend-paying whole life insurance provides some inadequate withdrawal aspect in such a way that you can take out any cash values from paid insurance that was acquired with the dividends over the years of your policy. The returns from your policy can also be taken as cash prior to your retirement. Apart from the withdrawals from a dividend-paying whole life plan, you can procure policy loans which are exclusively designed to lower the interest rates even though this kind of policy pays returns.
However, you must take a little dose of caution in this variety of policy.
One of the apparent disadvantages under this plan is that of excessive borrowing because it may cause the policy to lapse. As a result, all of the money considered as profit in the policy is totally taxable at ordinary income tax rates. A profit in a life plan, by the way, is the total amount of money that exceeded the policy premiums you paid to the company. In order to avoid this, evade from series borrowing.
To be able to uphold the existence of your insurance policy, you may request the company you are dealing with, to monitor your loans. They must advise you when your loans go beyond the limit. This will help you ensure that policy will not lapse and let you know whether the rate of your policy loan is no longer sustainable. The interest being charged to your cash surrender value will expedite the time it takes for the policy to expire due to policy loans. If this happens, you need to ensure that you are engaging in a company that offers a reduced paid up insurance plan once your policy lapses because of excessive loans. Moreover, you must work with an insurance company of a zero percent policy loan.
If you intend to apply for a whole life insurance as income for retiring age, be sure that you are paying high premiums throughout the working years of your existence. Amount of surrender cash value available for policy loans and withdrawals will be maximized, as well as the dividend you will be collecting the moment you avail of the policy. Try to purchase your plan from a mutual life insurance company that is owned by its policyholders who share in the company's surplus earnings. It also gives dividends to your whole life policy and may give more attractive policy features. Lastly, it always works for the plan holder's benefit.


Can't I just NOT be sick anymore?
I thought I'd kicked it. Yesterday, I felt fab. But now, headachy, cold, achy-achy, and exhausted, I have feeling another go-round is in the works. I do NOT have time for this.
Anyone have any "kick a cold" advice? I'd love to hear it.


text:
Maritrema prosthometra is a parasitic fluke from North America. It was first described in 1969 from the intestine of the clapper rail (Rallus crepitans) in eastern North America. Later, it was also found in the small intestine of 5% of a sample of marsh rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) collected in a salt marsh at Cedar Key, Florida, where it used the fiddler crab Uca pugilator as an intermediate host.

References

Literature cited
Deblock, S. and Heard, R.W. 1969. Contribution à l'étude des Microphallidae Travassos, 1920 (Trematoda). 21. Description de Maritrema prosthometra n. sp. et de Longiductotrema nov. gen. parasites d'oiseaux Ralliformes d'Amerique du Nord. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 44:415–424.
Kinsella, J.M. 1988. Comparison of helminths of rice rats, Oryzomys palustris, from freshwater and saltwater marshes in Florida. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 55(2):275–280.

Animals described in 1969
Plagiorchiida
Parasites of birds

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Structural insights into Parkin substrate lysine targeting from minimal Miro substrates
Julian L. Klosowiak, Sungjin Park, Kyle P. Smith, Michael E. French, Pamela J. Focia, Douglas M. Freymann, Sarah E. Rice*
Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
Hereditary Parkinson's disease is commonly caused by mutations in the protein kinase PINK1 or the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, which function together to eliminate damaged mitochondria. PINK1 phosphorylates both Parkin and ubiquitin to stimulate ubiquitination of dozens of proteins on the surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane. However, the mechanisms by which Parkin recognizes specific proteins for modification remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that the C-terminal GTPase (cGTPase) of the Parkin primary substrate human Miro is necessary and sufficient for efficient ubiquitination. We present several new X-ray crystal structures of both human Miro1 and Miro2 that reveal substrate recognition and ubiquitin transfer to be specific to particular protein domains and lysine residues. We also provide evidence that Parkin substrate recognition is functionally separate from substrate modification. Finally, we show that prioritization for modification of a specific lysine sidechain of the cGTPase (K572) within human Miro1 is dependent on both its location and chemical microenvironment. Activation of Parkin by phosphorylation or by binding of pUb is required for prioritization of K572 for modification, suggesting that Parkin activation and acquisition of substrate specificity are coupled.
10.1038/srep33019
Dive into the research topics of 'Structural insights into Parkin substrate lysine targeting from minimal Miro substrates'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
substrates INIS 100%
proteins INIS 57%
modifications INIS 57%
humans INIS 42%
lysine INIS 42%
Lysine Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 42%
mitochondria INIS 28%
C-Terminus Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 28%
Klosowiak, J. L., Park, S., Smith, K. P., French, M. E., Focia, P. J., Freymann, D. M., & Rice, S. E. (2016). Structural insights into Parkin substrate lysine targeting from minimal Miro substrates. Scientific reports, 6, [33019]. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33019
Klosowiak, Julian L. ; Park, Sungjin ; Smith, Kyle P. et al. / Structural insights into Parkin substrate lysine targeting from minimal Miro substrates. In: Scientific reports. 2016 ; Vol. 6.
@article{5d542bd0c32249e3ac273e2a25bc40ff,
title = "Structural insights into Parkin substrate lysine targeting from minimal Miro substrates",
abstract = "Hereditary Parkinson's disease is commonly caused by mutations in the protein kinase PINK1 or the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, which function together to eliminate damaged mitochondria. PINK1 phosphorylates both Parkin and ubiquitin to stimulate ubiquitination of dozens of proteins on the surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane. However, the mechanisms by which Parkin recognizes specific proteins for modification remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that the C-terminal GTPase (cGTPase) of the Parkin primary substrate human Miro is necessary and sufficient for efficient ubiquitination. We present several new X-ray crystal structures of both human Miro1 and Miro2 that reveal substrate recognition and ubiquitin transfer to be specific to particular protein domains and lysine residues. We also provide evidence that Parkin substrate recognition is functionally separate from substrate modification. Finally, we show that prioritization for modification of a specific lysine sidechain of the cGTPase (K572) within human Miro1 is dependent on both its location and chemical microenvironment. Activation of Parkin by phosphorylation or by binding of pUb is required for prioritization of K572 for modification, suggesting that Parkin activation and acquisition of substrate specificity are coupled.",
author = "Klosowiak, {Julian L.} and Sungjin Park and Smith, {Kyle P.} and French, {Michael E.} and Focia, {Pamela J.} and Freymann, {Douglas M.} and Rice, {Sarah E.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by NIH grants R01GM072656 (S.E.R.), T32GM008152 (J.L.K.) and T32GM008382 (J.L.K. and K.P.S.), the ARCS Foundation, Pulaski, PNA and PWCC scholarships, and an EMBO Short Term Fellowship (J.L.K.), and was supported in part by a Target Validation Award from the Michael J. Fox Foundation. This work used resources of the Northwestern University Structural Biology Facility and the Keck Biophysics Facility, supported by NCI-CCSG-P30-CA060553 awarded to the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center. This work also used resources of the Northwestern Proteomics Core Facility, with the assistance of D. Nanavati and A. Schunter. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the LS-CAT was supported by the Michigan Economic Development Corporation and the Michigan Technology Tri-Corridor (085P1000817). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Thte Author(s) 2016.",
Klosowiak, JL, Park, S, Smith, KP, French, ME, Focia, PJ, Freymann, DM & Rice, SE 2016, 'Structural insights into Parkin substrate lysine targeting from minimal Miro substrates', Scientific reports, vol. 6, 33019. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33019
Structural insights into Parkin substrate lysine targeting from minimal Miro substrates. / Klosowiak, Julian L.; Park, Sungjin; Smith, Kyle P. et al.
In: Scientific reports, Vol. 6, 33019, 08.09.2016.
T1 - Structural insights into Parkin substrate lysine targeting from minimal Miro substrates
AU - Klosowiak, Julian L.
AU - Park, Sungjin
AU - Smith, Kyle P.
AU - French, Michael E.
AU - Focia, Pamela J.
AU - Freymann, Douglas M.
AU - Rice, Sarah E.
N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by NIH grants R01GM072656 (S.E.R.), T32GM008152 (J.L.K.) and T32GM008382 (J.L.K. and K.P.S.), the ARCS Foundation, Pulaski, PNA and PWCC scholarships, and an EMBO Short Term Fellowship (J.L.K.), and was supported in part by a Target Validation Award from the Michael J. Fox Foundation. This work used resources of the Northwestern University Structural Biology Facility and the Keck Biophysics Facility, supported by NCI-CCSG-P30-CA060553 awarded to the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center. This work also used resources of the Northwestern Proteomics Core Facility, with the assistance of D. Nanavati and A. Schunter. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the LS-CAT was supported by the Michigan Economic Development Corporation and the Michigan Technology Tri-Corridor (085P1000817). Publisher Copyright: © Thte Author(s) 2016.
N2 - Hereditary Parkinson's disease is commonly caused by mutations in the protein kinase PINK1 or the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, which function together to eliminate damaged mitochondria. PINK1 phosphorylates both Parkin and ubiquitin to stimulate ubiquitination of dozens of proteins on the surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane. However, the mechanisms by which Parkin recognizes specific proteins for modification remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that the C-terminal GTPase (cGTPase) of the Parkin primary substrate human Miro is necessary and sufficient for efficient ubiquitination. We present several new X-ray crystal structures of both human Miro1 and Miro2 that reveal substrate recognition and ubiquitin transfer to be specific to particular protein domains and lysine residues. We also provide evidence that Parkin substrate recognition is functionally separate from substrate modification. Finally, we show that prioritization for modification of a specific lysine sidechain of the cGTPase (K572) within human Miro1 is dependent on both its location and chemical microenvironment. Activation of Parkin by phosphorylation or by binding of pUb is required for prioritization of K572 for modification, suggesting that Parkin activation and acquisition of substrate specificity are coupled.
AB - Hereditary Parkinson's disease is commonly caused by mutations in the protein kinase PINK1 or the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, which function together to eliminate damaged mitochondria. PINK1 phosphorylates both Parkin and ubiquitin to stimulate ubiquitination of dozens of proteins on the surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane. However, the mechanisms by which Parkin recognizes specific proteins for modification remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that the C-terminal GTPase (cGTPase) of the Parkin primary substrate human Miro is necessary and sufficient for efficient ubiquitination. We present several new X-ray crystal structures of both human Miro1 and Miro2 that reveal substrate recognition and ubiquitin transfer to be specific to particular protein domains and lysine residues. We also provide evidence that Parkin substrate recognition is functionally separate from substrate modification. Finally, we show that prioritization for modification of a specific lysine sidechain of the cGTPase (K572) within human Miro1 is dependent on both its location and chemical microenvironment. Activation of Parkin by phosphorylation or by binding of pUb is required for prioritization of K572 for modification, suggesting that Parkin activation and acquisition of substrate specificity are coupled.
Klosowiak JL, Park S, Smith KP, French ME, Focia PJ, Freymann DM et al. Structural insights into Parkin substrate lysine targeting from minimal Miro substrates. Scientific reports. 2016 Sep 8;6:33019. doi: 10.1038/srep33019