Defendant appellant John Rohrer, by and through his attorney, David L. Kastner, hereby moves the court for an Order staying further enforcement of any and all purported orders of psychiatric hospital confinement, pending the resolution of the appeal herein, and waiving any requirement that said John Rohrer post a supersedeas bond.
WHEREFORE, John prays that this court make a ruling in this regard with due dispatch so that the issue might, if necessary, be revisited with the Court of Appeals without undue delay.
John Rohrer, the defendant/appellant in this case, was charged with and pled Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity [NGRI] on January 25, 2010 to the September 1, 2009 felonious assault on another man who had previously attacked him, said assault having occurred while John was under the influence of psychotropic drugs known to cause violence [9/25/14 Ts. p. 19, 34] and while still bleeding from an attack by a third man. John was allowed to stop taking the notorious SSRI drugs in 2010.
Notwithstanding the requirements of due process and Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 2945.40, the January 25, 2010 trial judge failed to admit any evidence at all during what might have otherwise been a Sec. 2945.40 commitment hearing. As will be argued in greater detail in the appeal brief, no subject matter jurisdiction ever attached because there was not the slightest semblance of compliance with Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 2945.40 or the constitutional due process requirements for commitment hearings set out in Addington v. Texas, 441 U.S. 418 (1979). The codification of how subject matter jurisdiction is lost is set out in Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 2945.40(B), which defines it as occurring ten (10) days following the denial of the statutorily and constitutionally required Sed. 2945.40 hearing. Absence of subject matter jurisdiction may be raised at any time. Its absence was first discovered upon the February, 2014 preparation of the January, 2010 transcript but was never fully considered in the 2014 trial court. It is being raised now in the Fourth District Court of Appeals. It is expected that the resolution of that issue would be dispositive of this appeal in defendant-appellant's favor, although there are also alternative assignments of error being raised in the appeal.
Notwithstanding the absence of subject matter jurisdiction John was purportedly ordered confined to Twin Valley Hospital per a February 1, 2010 "Entry". Without having ever been informed of the legal rights that had been taken from him until early 2014, John set about trying to make the best of the 2010 confinement to the criminal wing of the state psychiatric hospital in Columbus (Twin Valley). John, a former National Merit semi-finalist who has a degree from Ohio University involving psychology, even continued to write and self-publish books and musical compositions, and participate in co-facilitating treatment groups while institutionalized. [9/25/14 Ts. p. 70] In 2011 he was dealt another blow when the trial judge again subjected John to another "hearing" without evidence and "ordered" him to be force drugged. He fought the stupor and the trauma the drugs caused him and muddled through as best he could, succeeding in 2012 in being transferred to the current hospital, Appalachian Behavioral Healthcare [ABH], a "civil" hospital. Hopes that he could be restored to some of his human rights were soon dashed, however, as ABH blindly followed the forced drugging "Entry" entered without evidence, without first bothering to find him incompetent to make his own treatment decisions, and without compliance with controlling caselaw.
Following John's attorneys' numerous filings in the trial court attacking subject matter jurisdiction and his attempt to obtain extraordinary writs from the Ohio Supreme Court which summarily declined to consider the matter on its merits, the current trial judge claimed in the August 22, 2014 "Order" to have subject matter jurisdiction without considering any of the grounds that he did not. The trial judge had already scheduled evidentiary proceedings for September, 2014, which he then conducted during three days of "hearing". No admissible or probative evidence was presented during the September proceedings indicating that John was or is "mentally ill" and "subject to hospitalization by court order". John's testimony in September, 2014 appears very calm and rational, with the main bone of contention being by the prosecutor who attempts throughout his cross-examination of John to portray his dissenting views as somehow pathological [9/25/14 Ts. p.70], evidently because others might be persuaded by them. The current trial judge terminated the forced drugging per one of the November 3, 2014 "Decision[s] & Order[s]" but claimed in the other November 3, 2014 "Decision & Order" that John was "mentally ill" and "subject to hospitalization", thus keeping him involuntarily hospitalized to this day, notwithstanding the enactment of Sec. 1.21 of the Ohio Constitution in 2011, which had been brought to his attention repeatedly and since 2013.
As of this writing, John has successfully tapered down from the psychotropic drugs to a maintenance level that he is comfortable with. [See Stmt. Dr. Janson] John's privately retained psychologist, Dr. Janson, indicates that, as he testified in September, 2014, John continues to present no signs of being dangerous, which means he does not meet the legal definition of mental illness under Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 5122.01. The state psychologist, who had never interviewed John, offered no serious dispute during the September, 2014 proceedings as to whether John was dangerous or had presented any substantial or imminent risk to anyone during the 5 years of institutionalization.
On November 24, 2014 John exercised his legal right to bring suit against ABH, TBMFU/TVBH, OMHAS, the current trial judge, and others, by filing tort claims in the Ohio Court of Claims in Case No. 2014-00925 and in Franklin County Common Pleas Court on November 26, 2014 in Case No. 14 CV 012387. Both suits seek compensation in connection with the injuries and other damages caused by forced drugging and by the other torts committed against him over the years by Ohio's mental illness system.
(i) a stay would avoid further retaliations from ABH or other complications arising from the conflicts of interest that it and many of its staff now have due to the pendency of the tort claims.
The issue of lack of subject matter jurisdiction to have issued the original confinement order is substantial and its merits are clearly apparent upon the face of the attached January 25, 2010 transcript, just as the absence of jurisdiction to have force drugged is clear on the face of the March 4, 2011 transcript, being considered moot for purposes of the within Motion for Stay. The 2010 transcript demonstrates, among other defects of constitutional dimension, that (1) the 2010 public defender and the prior trial judge gave John the distinct, false impression that some sort of commitment post-NGRI was automatic; (2) no evidence, much less clear or convincing evidence was ever admitted in support of trial court jurisdiction to commit; and (3) John was neither informed of nor waived any rights.
(A) No federal, state, or local law or rule shall compel, directly or indirectly, any person, employer, or health care provider to participate in a health care system. . . .
(1)'Compel' includes the levying of penalties or fines.
Ohioans now have a constitutionally protected right to not to be compelled to participate in the public health care system that ABH is part of, or an example of. This relatively new health freedom addition to Ohio's Bill of Rights, contains no exceptions for NGRI defendants.
C. Notwithstanding the clear failure of subject matter jurisdiction to have attached from the beginning, the present trial judge scheduled September, 2014 proceedings which likewise produced no evidence supporting either Sec. (A) or (B) of Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 5122.01 and nothing to contradict Dr. Janson's September 15, 2014 testimony that he had never seen evidence of John's dangerousness.
What the defense currently has of Dr. Janson's testimony is summarized in the November 26, 2014 proffer and in his statement attached hereto. It is the transcript of his testimony that the court reporter refuses to date to provide, and which the trial judge refuses to date to order. Transcription by the defense's court reporter of the audio files, even of Dr. Janson's missing September 15, 2014 testimony, is also not presently being permitted.
Even had there been a medically legitimate diagnosis of "schizo-affective", this would have been legally insufficient to support a finding of mental illness under Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 5122.01(A), which also requires that the "disorder" in question must be "substantial" and must "grossly impair" significant life functions. No proof of any this was ever adduced and there was no state witness competent to do so even had this been attempted, which it never was. Even if evidence had supported all the elements of Sec. 5122.01(A) by clear and convincing evidence, this would still leave Sec. 5122.01(B) – the imminently dangerous portion of the statute, completely unproven. Without compliance with both Subsections (A) and (B), agents of the State of Ohio from the beginning lacked the statutory and constitutional authority to lock John up. They continued to lack that authority when Scott and Hamill demonstrated themselves completely incapable of providing admissible or competent testimony during the September, 2014 proceedings.
F. John was denied the right to jury trial or even the right to be informed he had the right to jury trial during what might have been a commitment hearing on January 25, 2010, and was again denied the right when he demanded it on July 15, 2014.
In State v. Hunter, Ohio Sup. Ct. Case Number 20141-02223, the high Court granted a temporary stay in part based on irregularities Ms. Hunter is claiming in her appeal which may have interfered with her right to a unanimous jury verdict. In John's case, he was never even given notice of his right to jury trial in the commitment portion of the January 25, 2010 proceedings, as opposed to during the underlying criminal charge, which was an entirely separate proceeding.
Had John been informed of his right to jury trial in 2010, he could have required that they and not the court make the determination of whether he then fit the definition of being mentally ill under Sec. 5122.01(A) and (B). Jurors could have been specifically instructed, as they are now with the insanity defense, and as they did at common law in lunacy cases. The right to jury trial was thoroughly briefed in John's 7/15/14 Jury Demand. The current trial judge summarily denied John's right to jury trial for the September, 2014 proceedings.
"The right to jury trial has been shown to be critical, numerous studies indicating that the exercise of that right may well mean the difference between release and commitment." Lessard v. Schmidt, 349 F.Supp. at 1100 (Oct. 18, 1972).
Since the grounds demonstrating the absence of jurisdiction are to all now be ignored, as before, and if public protection is really what is claimed to be desired, it was the community itself that should have been allowed to hear and determine any facts the State might have had to convince them John should have been locked up for his "own good" and their protection.
Records show that ABH is so non-medically equipped that it even must send yeast infection cases to O'Bleness Hospital. Even talk therapy options at ABH are astonishingly meager. There is no individual or group counseling available at ABH addressing the after-effects of the violence inflicted upon John in the Ross County jail in 2009, or later in the two state psychiatric facilities. ABH is a holding facility that dispenses drugs and serves meal – not a hospital in the usual sense of the word. John's psychologist on the outside, Dr. Janson, is a trauma expert who has attempted to establish a collegial relationship with ABH staff for John's benefit, but ABH refuses to cooperate with him, other than to occasionally tolerate his presence when he visits John.
John also has an integrative psychiatrist in Columbus on standby, who will be available to assist Dr. Pinkham. [Aff. Dr. Linda Cole, 9/25/14 Ts. p. 39] In any event, it is John's right to have meaningful contact at his family's expense with outside medical people he trusts – not be limited to the very same psychiatrists in the very same facility he has been forced to file suit against for malpractice. Treatment for conditions caused by his confinement and drugging is essentially impossible to achieve while John remains confined at ABH.
Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological disorder commonly caused by Risperdal. ABH has zero expertise in the holistic treatments that show some promise of being able to reverse the often permanently disabling disorder. [http://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hn-1278003] It is essential that those treatments be started as soon as possible. It is bad enough that John was illegally and forcibly drugged for 3 years and 7 months – the last year of which was after the trial judge and ABH had ample reason to know that their actions were unlawful. But it is truly intolerable that ABH even now declines to allow Dr. Pinkham to fully treat John and manage his Risperdal tapering.
Apparently, due to the ongoing tort claim, which names the current ABH treating psychiatrist, Dr. Derrico, as a defendant, no one at ABH will speak with Dr. Pinkham so that her full plan can be implemented. To stand the best chance of being able to heal his neurological system, John is entitled to the services of a toxicology expert such as Dr. Pinkham – services that ABH cannot and will not provide.
"the substantial evidence that any lengthy hospitalization, particularly where it is involuntary, may greatly increase the symptoms of mental illness and make adjustment to society more difficult. See, e. g., Hearings before the Senate Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, 91st Congress, 1st and 2d Sess., 214-15, 319, 409 (1969 and 1970)".
Somehow, perhaps because of the hope his friends, family and supporters bring to him, John has managed to continue against all odds to have an upbeat attitude. He is grateful to have the chance at a productive life that his recent release from forced drugging is giving him and possibly the chance to reverse his emerging tardive dyskinesia/parkinsonism. He deserves and has a right to pay for medical services that he can trust in the community just as other citizens do.
John needs access to his attorneys for the within appeal, for subsequent appeals if need be, and for the tort claim cases. ABH's insistence on enforcing its Internet ban against him not only restricts his access to Drs. Pinkham, Cole, Janson, and Johnson, it also takes away most of his reasonable rights of access to his own attorneys. The fact that this practice has been occurring since July, 2014 has never been denied. Nor has the trial judge attempted to remedy it.
The undersigned attorney has filed multiple pleadings since July, 2014 seeking relief from ABH's blocking of John's reasonable online communication online efforts with him in violation of his right to counsel and right to court access under the First, Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth amendments to the federal constitution. However, the trial judge continues to ignore those pleas.
During the pendency of this appeal and the tort cases in Franklin Count, the trial judge now has a direct interest in continuing to allow ABH to interfere with John's right to meaningful access to his attorney, physician, psychologist, and psychiatrist in the outside world, as this trial judge is a named defendant in the said tort cases and refuses to either recuse from the within case or to allow John's attorney reasonable access either to his client or to significant portions even of the trial record in this case. See defendant's October 31, 2014 Motion and November 26, 2014 Supplemental Memorandum.
If the problem is that the trial judge is reluctant to interfere with ABH's internal institutional practices even when they are unlawful and destroy constitutional rights, one simple solution would be a stay.
John is not a flight or escape risk. He has no criminal convictions, no record of flights to avoid prosecution, no failures to make court appearances, and no incidents of escape or attempts to escape from his unlawful psychiatric confinement. He is facing no criminal prosecutions. He has no history of such conduct in all the five years he has been locked up as a person accused of mental illness without evidence. The trial court record shows that John was transferred to ABH in 2012 for the very reason that Twin Valley did not even then believe he required heavy security.
During those years, despite the drugging, the daily humiliations, and the assaults, John availed himself of the very spotty and limited resources in the two hospitals to design at least a dozen websites where he has been marketing the books he has written and the music he has composed and performed. [htttp://en.gravatar.com/jonnylucid] His writing continues, now limited to pen and paper.
John likewise wants to avoid as much as possible those continuing disabilities and clear up the mis-information about the nature of his one act of prescription drug-associated violence which must not lawfully be used to brand him as "dangerous" forever. Hargrave v. Vermont 340 F3d 27 (2ndCirc. 2003)(only those who pose a direct threat of harm to others can be discriminated against under the Americans with Disabilities Act). It should be noted that even those who are not mentally ill but who are merely "regarded as having such an impairment" Title 42 Chapter 126 USC Sec. 12102(1)(C) are entitled to the ADA protections of non-discriminatory treatment.
John has strong family, social, and community ties as evidenced by the attached affidavits of support from prominent members of the community, including the disabilities community ready to accept him with or without stigma. He has lived in Ohio for most of his life, having graduated with honors from Chillicothe High School and having then earned an Associate's degree from Ohio University. Although he has a mother and supporters in Uruguay, where attached affidavits show he would be welcomed into the American community there, he has a great many more supporters and opportunities in Ohio. He is welcome to do peer work at Lifeworxx in Ashland, Ohio [aff. of its director, Amy Flanagan], where Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Risser would help him find housing. [Risser affidavits], Karen and Gary Stanley would help him in Chillicothe [Stanley affidavits], as would peer specialist Steve Copper [Aff. S. Cretsinger, & 9/25/14 Ts. pp. 53-54] and William Loucks [see affidavit]. Additional attached affidavits reveal John is supported by others in Cincinnati, in Kent, in Chillicothe, in Columbus, in Kentucky, and in North Carolina. As an indigent person for now, John is dependent on his supporters, family, and his physicians in Columbus, Ohio from whom he has been receiving treatment but only when he was able to do so by telephone or persuade the trial judge to order ABH to provide transportation to their offices.
John is significantly motivated to establish that from the beginning he has never been lawfully deemed "mentally ill and subject to hospitalization by court order" due to the absence of evidence. Fleeing would ruin his chances of proving this once and for all. The attached affidavits of support show his considerable community connections and willingness to remain in the State of Ohio during all appeals, and during the tort cases pending in Franklin County. John intends to diligently pursue the vindication of legal rights denied to him for so long and will need to be available to freely consult with his attorneys, review discovery documents and pleadings, and participate in depositions.
It is very much in John's interests to re-establish the unrefuted fact that it was the psychiatric drugging and head trauma, not "mental illness" that led to the 2009 assault on the man who had previously attacked him. It would also very much be in the interests of the public to understand that it is the SSRI and other drugs, not the mental illness diagnosis itself that is known to be associated with violence, particularly when psychiatric patients are not treated humanely.
John is working to have a real future – not a dead-end as a mental patient. Towards that end, his presence in Ohio will be needed in order for him to consult effectively with his attorney, to be present for court appearances and for depositions and other discovery activities which are likely to commence quite soon in Case No. 2014-00925 in the Ohio Court of Claims and in Case No. 14CV012387 in Franklin County Common Pleas court. Maintenance of meaningful contact with his attorneys may also continue to be constitutionally required should he again seek either an appeal of a denial of stay or extraordinary relief in the Ohio Supreme Court.
Those principles are codified in Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 5122.01(A) and (B).
It is clear that so long as a person accused of "mental illness" has family and/or friends who will help him adjust to the outside world, as John clearly does, when there is no real treatment being provided, there is no purpose to be served by incarcerating him at all, much less by incarcerating utilizing innuendo instead of evidence, resulting in a far longer lock-up period than he would be likely to have had, had he been punished by the criminal law.
There have been no serious allegations that John poses an imminent, substantial or direct physical danger to self or others, nor has there been for the past five years of his unlawful psychiatric incarceration. During May and June, 2014 John physically resisted the unlawful forced Risperdal consta injections, which he knew were causing him neurological damage. ABH take-down teams responded aggressively, injuring him many times, causing him to be severely traumatized and to scream in terror, physical pain, and outrage. Realizing he himself did not want to be goaded into defensive violence and faced with the prospect that ABH staff could easily injure him seriously and permanently in their zeal to inject the Risperdal, he stopped physically resisting at the end of June, 2014 [9/25/14 Ts. p. 57] and only verbally refused the violation of the Risperdal needle. Thereafter, or at least until the absurdity of their charade became apparent by the final day of hearing in September, 2014 ABH was insisting on putting on an elaborate display of chaining John for each court appearance or court-ordered transport to the doctor. No one was injured when John resisted the injection, except for John himself. The only other allegations that there have been against John by ABH are that he has at times insulted some of the ABH staff people responsible for his unlawful forced drugging and has yelled in pain or outrage without even defensive violence on his part when assaulted by others – behaviors which are not indicative of mental illness or dangerousness.
The felonious assault from September 1, 2009, which was the subject of part of the January 25, 2010 proceedings, occurred in a violent group home under the supervision of the Department of Mental Health. There a government psychiatrist prescribed and John took as prescribed, the violence-associated SSRI drug, Celexa, among others. By July, 2009 appellant attempted to question the psychiatrist about his concerns about those effects, as is documented in those records. See attached redacted SPVMH treatment note of July, 2009. But John's concerns about the drugs were ignored then as they continued to be for another 5+ years. The record is clear that the 2009 felonious assault is appellant's only violent offense and occurred only as a result of a combination of the SSRI and other aggression producing drugs, a still bleeding head wound from the day before [9/25/14 Ts. p. 19, 34], and a history of prior assaults by the man he struck on September 1, 2009, as stated in John's December 4, 2013 Motion and never refuted.
Celexa and other SSRI drugs are notorious for causing horrific violence, including murders by persons otherwise never known to be violent. This is in addition to suicidal ideation and acts. E.g. Tobin v. SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, 164 FSupp.2d 1278 (D. Wyo. 2001)(6 million dollar verdict to survivors of a man who killed wife, daughter, baby granddaughter, and then himself while under the influence of Paxil, an SSRI anti-depressant, jury finding that Paxil contributed 80% to the proximate cause of the deaths); Brancaccio v. State, 698 So2d 597 (4th Dist Ct/App. Fla. 1997)(error to not instruct jury on involuntary intoxication in murder case where defendant under the influence of Zoloft, an SSRI drug). The role – and potential liability – of SSRI drug prescribers, such as the one who prescribed Celexa for John in 2009, when they set up a patient for acts of deadly violence is now also finally beginning to be recognized, as it was by the Supreme Court of Utah in Jeffs v. West, (No. 20110207, February 28, 2012)(prescribing of Paxil, an SSRI and other drugs which then causes the patient to shoot wife may result in liability on the part of the prescriber to the motherless children).
Yet John, just as much a victim of some of the very same SSRI and other drugs, goes into his sixth year of confinement for an assault that caused a cut that was easily closed with stitches.
That is to say – the dangers of psychotropic drugs are likely to be 100 times worse than the FDA admits they are.
It seems pretty clear, especially with Dr. Scott's admission about the mania producing effects of the Celexa upon John, that the events of September 1, 2009 were far likelier to have been caused by the use of prescribed psychotropic drugs, combined with John's head injury and the pervasive atmosphere of violence in the group home, than to "mental illness" within the meaning of Sec. 5122.01(A) or (B) of the Ohio Rev. Code. There is absolutely no reason to believe that violence would now be a concern, nearly 5 ½ years later, with John off of the aggression-causing SSRI drugs and greatly reduced from the agitation producing drug Risperdal.
"There is no known psychological or psychiatric test or evaluation that accurately and consistently predicts violence. Dolan, M., Doyle, M. "Violence Risk Prediction: Clinical and actuarial measures and the role of the Psychopathy Checklist". Br. J. Psychiatry (2000) 177: 303-311, abstract at http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/177/4/303.full ["Violence risk prediction is an inexact science and as such will continue to provoke debate."] There are, however, factors that tend to increase the risk of violence. Melton, G., Petrila, J., Poythress, N., & Slobogin, C. (2007). Psychological Evaluations for the Courts: A Handbook for Mental Health Professionals and Lawyers. 3rd Edition. 306-321. Having a diagnosis of mental illness is not a risk factor. . .
In his attached statement, Dr. Janson further notes that now, contrary to all the dire predictions to the contrary, with John having titrated himself down to a low level of oral Risperdal, and only on half the Depakote forced upon him in 2013, that he remains non-dangerous.
she was unable to produce any "specific act" that was current information.
All Dr. Scott ever claimed were insinuations, of which she had no first-hand knowledge, along with second and third-hand versions of snippets of conversation fragments someone at some time attributed to John or someone who claimed to have talked to John. Dr. Hamill claimed to know even less hearsay than Scott did, as he too "have never evaluated him" [9/12/14 p. 101]. The State brought in no one who did have first-hand knowledge. The State was unable to establish that any "dangerousness" had existed from which anyone would have had first-hand knowledge.
ABH alleged but never proved "dangerousness" within the meaning of Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 5122.01(B) when ABH's Dr. McGee, who never testified, sent a July, 2014 letter to the judge complaining that John had physically resisted forced drugging in May and June, 2014 and yelled in pain and outrage at a government retained dentist who had hurt him and yelled at him first. Obviously it does not make a person "dangerous" to yell out in pain when he is being physically attacked. John did not become "dangerous" by labeling Dr. Sierra, the forced drugging prescriber, as a "murderer". Indeed her conduct has been and will again be shown to have constituted deliberately assaultive behavior using a deadly drug that caused John physical harm, including neurological damage which may prove irreversible and disabling.
John did not become "dangerous" by exercising his right to dissent from the ABH version of reality about the supposed benefits of psychotropic drugging at the extreme levels ABH had been insisting upon. Nor is he the first person to challenge the pro-drug- at-all costs mindset. The Ohio Supreme Court in Steele v. Hamilton Cty Comm'y Mental Health Bd., 90 Ohio St3d 176 (2000) and the 11th District Court of Appeals in State v. Welch 125 OhioApp3d 49 (11th Dist. 1997), also observed the great harm that psychotropic drugs can do. To date, those judges have not been locked up for expressing "dangerous" ideas.
It is not in dispute that it was the psychiatrists, not John, who insisted on drugging him in 2009 with the violence associated drugs, Celexa, Invega, Neurontin, and Buspar. It was a state psychiatrist who ignored the suicidal distress it caused him [7/09 redacted treatment note], who continued to keep him placed him in a violent home, and who then refused to protect him from any of the violence there. Once free of the Celexa, an SSRI drug – there was no further violence, a fact the state does not seriously dispute.
the bed shortage is a worsening problem likely to create more State liability. It is bad public policy to keep an obviously low-risk individual such as John locked up now going into his sixth year when he is no longer using the hospital's drugs to any significant degree and has resources of his own available on the outside. To waste scarce hospital resource that others want and are legally entitled to does not make sense.
On December 26, 2014, the Ohio Supreme Court granted a stay to a similarly low-risk individual whose incarceration would impose a burden on one of the State of Ohio's locked facilities. The six months jail sentence of convicted judge Tracy Hunter pending her appeal following a jury trial in Hamilton County, Ohio was partly based on the avoidance during appeal of what is predicted to be an unnecessary, expensive and burdensome jail sentence. State v. Hunter, Ohio Sup. Ct. Case No.2014-2223 [http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/rod/docs/pdf/0/2014/2014-Ohio-5699.pdf] Four of the justices agreed that a stay of Ms. Hunter's six month jail sentence should be ordered after her stay motions were denied by the trial court and First District Court of Appeals. Two additional justices opined that Ms. Hunter should be free on habeas corpus, leaving only one justice who would have denied her liberty pending appeal.
Hunter was convicted of a crime in which, as a judge, she was found to have wrongfully disclosed confidential health records. Ironically, the record in this case is replete with examples of the wrongful, unconsented-to disclosure of John's psychiatric "treatment" records. John has merely been seeking the avoidance of similarly unlawful disclosures but it is he who is locked up for it.
The length of additional time that may be consumed in the within appeal and subsequent appeals if necessary in order to clear his name and establish the wrongfulness of the original purported "Entry" ordering John confined, is likely to be in the neighborhood of 12-18 months. In addition to the within proceedings and further appeals that may be needed, the Court of Claims and Franklin County Common Pleas Court actions are likely to continue several years, even without appeals of claimed immunities. For example, if McCualsky v. State of Ohio, Court of Claims Case No. 2011-10240 [previously 2010-09094], another tort action also alleging ABH caused harm to a patient in connection with excessive drugging, is any indication, that matter was initially filed in 2010 but is only just now scheduled for trial in the Court of Claims for March, 2015.
It hardly seems just for John to continue to be confined during all of the currently pending proceedings, particularly under the unprecedented circumstances in which his legal adversaries will be controlling every aspect of his life while having a vested interest and stake in preventing John from having reasonable access to his attorney, as they are doing now. As a person branded as being "mentally ill and subject to hospitalization by court order" without evidence to back up such a life destroying accusation, John is subject to being required to submit to the State's "treatment" of him until January, 2018 potentially, even though he is following advice from outside ABH, and is now taking only a tiny amount of their drugs and doing extremely well without them. Because ABH is a named defendant in the tort claims in Franklin County, the expected reversal of John's confinement is likely to result in not only the unnecessary expenditure of public funds for the perpetuation of his current confinement, but also some additional amount as compensatory damages in the future in connection with the pending and continuing tort claims. Being released pending appeal is a sensible way to mitigate the prospect of double damages to the taxpayer by allowing John's family and friends to help him obtain his own medical and/or psychiatric care if he so chooses pending appeals.
Since as of the November 3, 2014 termination of forced drugging, ABH has no longer been able to bill for psychotropic drugging and since Dr. Janson's affidavit indicates that John's adjustment to a non-drugged state is going well, John may attempt further reductions in the tardive dyskinesia-producing drug Risperdal throughout the appeal. This would continue to result in further inroads into ABH's ability to bill Medicare for the drugs he no longer takes by injection and the related claims that it used to be able to make on John's behalf. ABH will feel this loss of the usual collections as well. And those who need a bed and want the drugs, will not receive services.
Given the absence of any non-drug, trauma-informed therapy that would address the violence John has been a victim of before and during institutionalization, there is no further justification for continuing to confine him, as no "treatment" is even arguably still going on.
Rather than exacerbating the damages during the next 12-18 months that appeals in this case may take, and while the appellate court is determining whether the trial judge has jurisdiction, and if so, whether he violated appellant's rights to not be incarcerated without clear and convincing evidence under Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 5122.01(A) and (B), it would be prudent and conserving of limited Ohio Mental Health resources to await that ruling without continuing to enforce an ostensibly unlawful confinement amounting to false imprisonment.
If the "Entries" in this case that appear to be nullities turn out to not be, the State can initiate (for the first time) a civil commitment proceeding against John any time it chooses, provided it can meet the threshold requirements under the probate statutes. There is no need to continue to saddle the taxpayer during this appeal with additional expenses they may otherwise never have to incur.
The non-party, ABH, whose preferences have been so important to the trial judge that he suspended state and local rules and statutes to schedule hearings on some five separate occasions to accommodate them, would not be damaged by John's release pending appeal. Since ABH has been expressing dissatisfaction with the drug-free message that John exemplifies for other patients, it seems likely that ABH will welcome and be fiscally benefitted by John's discharge pending appeal. This should be a perfect solution for ABH, which complained during the September, 2014 proceedings that it had no use for John at their facility exercising his First Amendment rights as to his belief in the rights of citizens to choice in health care.
John's release pending this appeal is the only and best way for him to be able to mitigate the damages that have been caused by the ongoing false imprisonment being imposed upon him by the trial judge and ABH for which he is forced to seek compensation in the Ohio Court of Claims and the Franklin County Common Pleas Court.
The trial judge has already observed that there is and was a "strained relationship between ABH and the defendant" in one of the November 3, 2014 "Decision[s] & Order[s]" but chose to force John to remain at ABH anyway, possibly due to the previously referenced bed shortage. By exercising his rights to sue for the damages inflicted upon him over these past 5+ years by various state actors, John, his family members and supporters have reason for concern that the already "strained relationship" he has with his captors at ABH will worsen, thereby adding to the trauma, including physical batteries, previously testified to by Dr. Pinkham and Dr. Janson which ABH's "treatment" has caused or failed to protect him against.
Resentments over being sued should not be allowed to fester. Granting a stay would avoid further retaliations, accusations of retaliations, and the general atmosphere of mistrust on both sides, in the unseemly situation in which John as a "patient" is being forced to depend on a psychiatrist and an institution who are also defendants in the tort cases he has brought against them and for which they will be forced to find defenses. At the very least, it is unreasonable to expect real "treatment" to occur when the "treatment" provider at best can be said to be struggling with divided loyalties.
Although some of the higher ranking ABH staff members have been displaying ostensible cooperation towards John during the past few weeks while he tapers down from the previously forced drugging, some retaliation does continue, adding to the stress John experiences from the litigation and concerns about the degree of physical disability the drugs have left him with.
It is not surprising for an institution to act rigidly to protect its own interests. It is only to be expected that ABH, like any hospital in the OMHAS system, would continue to further the OMHAS agenda of increasing the dosages of drugs patients are taking, not decreasing them, as has been explained and documented in defendant-appellant's tort claims. See complaints at http://fcdcfcjs.co.franklin.oh.us/CaseInformationOnline/caseSearch?UD1PzEskcHKWyJBthS2I and http://cases.ohiocourtofclaims.gov/cgi-bin/wspd_cgi.sh/ws_civilcasesearch_2007.r?mode=5&CaseNo=201400925.
ABH's history of refusing to permit John to meaningfully access the services of his own physician and psychologist presents a constant threat to his best interests during the critical time of neuroleptic drug withdrawal, and is in fact counter-therapeutic and in violation of his rights. A recent prescription written by an ABH psychiatrist who refused and continues to refuse to discuss the details of Risperdal tapering with Dr. Pinkham, resulted in the prescribing of a dosage of oral Risperdal on November 13, 2014 that could have easily constituted a life-threatening overdose had John not known enough to decline it. Both oral and injectable Risperdal continue to be prescribed for John at ABH at the same time and for no apparent reason. ABH's Dr. McGee has already informed John that he intends to be on the look-out for any pretext to again forcibly drug or confine him. McGee has a history of threatening John, as recently as July, 2014 to the effect that even if John were to prevail in litigation that McGee would continue to pursue John in an effort to again forcibly confine him and force drug him.
Although relationships with Drs. McGee and others seem to be improving, the fact remains that they now have financial and professional incentives to portray John as somehow failing in his tapering from Risperdal. To do otherwise puts into serious question their entire theory of what it is they claim to be doing for psychiatric patients at taxpayer expense.
Requiring John to post a bond under these circumstances and given the indigent status that his psychiatric incarceration forces upon him, would be to effectively deprive him of his opportunity to vindicate his substantial statutory and constitutional rights in the pending appeal based only on the suspect classification of wealth.
There is no material harm that could befall any party herein for which there is any reason for any security to be posted. Indeed, suspending John's ostensibly unlawful confinement during appeal would have the effect of mitigating damages now being claimed against ABH, the State of Ohio, and other named defendants in the Franklin County actions.
If the defense is mistaken about the absence of subject matter jurisdiction and is also mistaken about the State's failure to prove that John meets the Sec. 5122.01 definition of being a "mentally ill person subject to hospitalization by court order" in September, 2014, he will surely be subjected to another proceeding to commit him if released pending appeal. In the meantime, during the pendency of this appeal, for the reasons stated above, this court should grant his request to stay John's confinement for involuntary "treatment" when he has his own treatment team, family, friends, and supporters in the community. He should be free to recover his physical health and meaningfully participate in the preservation of his rights.


text:
HMS Indefatigable (1909)
For other ships with the same name, see HMS Indefatigable.
HMS Indefatigable was the lead ship of her class of three battlecruisers built for the Royal Navy during the first decade of the 20th Century. When the First World War began, Indefatigable was serving with the 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron (BCS) in the Mediterranean, where she unsuccessfully pursued the battlecruiser Goeben and the light cruiser Breslau of the German Imperial Navy as they fled toward the Ottoman Empire. The ship bombarded Ottoman fortifications defending the Dardanelles on 3 November 1914, then, following a refit in Malta, returned to the United Kingdom in February where she rejoined the 2nd BCS.
HMS Indefatigable, stern view
Name: Indefatigable
Ordered: 1908–1909 Naval Programme
Builder: HM Dockyard, Devonport
Laid down: 23 February 1909
Launched: 28 October 1909
Commissioned: 24 February 1911
Fate: Sunk during the Battle of Jutland, 31 May 1916
Class and type: Indefatigable-class battlecruiser
Displacement:
18,500 long tons (18,800 t)
22,130 long tons (22,485 t) at deep load
Length: 590 ft (179.8 m)
Beam: 80 ft (24.4 m)
Draught: 29 ft 9 in (9.07 m) (deep load)
Installed power:
31 × Babcock & Wilcox boilers
43,000 shp (32,000 kW)
Propulsion: 4 × shafts; 2 × steam turbine sets
Speed: 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph)
Range: 6,690 nmi (12,390 km; 7,700 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement: 800
Armament:
4 × twin BL 12 in (305 mm) Mk X guns
16 × single BL 4 in (0 m) Mk VII guns
2 × submerged 17.72 in (450 mm) torpedo tubes
Belt: 4–6 in (102–152 mm)
Decks: 1.5–2.5 in (38–64 mm)
Gun turrets: 7 in (178 mm)
Indefatigable was sunk on 31 May 1916 during the Battle of Jutland, the largest naval battle of the war. Part of Vice-Admiral Sir David Beatty's Battlecruiser Fleet, she was hit several times in the first minutes of the "Run to the South", the opening phase of the battlecruiser action. Shells from the German battlecruiser Von der Tann caused an explosion ripping a hole in her hull, and a second explosion hurled large pieces of the ship 200 feet (60 m) in the air. Only three of the crew of 1,019 survived.
1 Design and description
1.1 Wartime modifications
2.1 Early career
2.2 Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau
2.3 Battle of Jutland
3 Indefatigable today
Design and descriptionEdit
Main article: Indefatigable-class battlecruiser
Starboard elevation and deck plan as depicted in Brassey's Naval Annual 1915. Note: plan is of Invincible-class battlecruisers; the Indefatigable-class had a third superstructure element with 'P' & 'Q' turrets more widely spaced.
No battlecruisers were ordered after the three Invincible class ships in 1905 until Indefatigable became the lone battlecruiser of the 1908–1909 Naval Programme. A new Liberal Government had taken power in January 1906 and demanded reductions in naval spending, and the Admiralty submitted a reduced programme, requesting dreadnoughts but no battlecruisers. The Cabinet rejected this proposal in favour of two outmoded armoured cruisers but finally acceded to a request for one battlecruiser instead, after the Admiralty pointed out the need to match the recently published German naval construction plan and to maintain the heavy gun and armour industries. Indefatigable's outline design was prepared in March 1908, and the final design, slightly larger than Invincible with a revised protection arrangement and additional length amidships to allow her two middle turrets to fire on either broadside, was approved in November 1908. A larger design with more armour and better underwater protection was rejected as too expensive.[1]
Indefatigable had an overall length of 590 feet (179.8 m), a beam of 80 feet (24.4 m), and a draught of 29 feet 9 inches (9.1 m) at deep load. The ship normally displaced 18,500 long tons (18,800 t) and 22,130 long tons (22,490 t) at deep load. She had a crew of 737 officers and ratings.[2]
The ship was powered by two sets of Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving two propeller shafts, using steam provided by 31 coal-burning Babcock & Wilcox boilers. The turbines were rated at 43,000 shaft horsepower (32,000 kW) and were intended to give the ship a maximum speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph). During her sea trials on 10 April 1911, Indefatigable reached a top speed of 26.89 knots (49.8 km/h; 30.9 mph) from 55,140 shp (41,120 kW) after her propellers were replaced.[3] She carried enough coal and fuel oil to give her a range of 6,330 nautical miles (11,720 km; 7,280 mi) at a cruising speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).[4]
The Indefatigable class had a main armament of eight breech-loading BL 12-inch (305 mm) Mark X guns mounted in four hydraulically powered twin-gun turrets. Two turrets were mounted fore and aft on the centreline, identified as 'A' and 'X' respectively. The other two were wing turrets mounted amidships and staggered diagonally: 'P' was forward and to port of the centre funnel, while 'Q' was situated starboard and aft. 'P' and 'Q' turrets had some limited ability to fire to the opposite side. Their secondary armament consisted of sixteen BL 4-inch (102 mm) Mark VII guns positioned in the superstructure.[5] They mounted two 17.72-inch (450 mm) submerged torpedo tubes, one on each side aft of 'X' barbette, and twelve torpedoes were carried.[6]
The Indefatigables were protected by a waterline 4–6-inch (102–152 mm) armoured belt that extended between and covered the end barbettes. Their armoured deck ranged in thickness between 1.5 and 2.5 inches (38 and 64 mm) with the thickest portions protecting the steering gear in the stern. The turret faces were 7 inches (178 mm) thick, and the turrets were supported by barbettes of the same thickness.[7]
Indefatigable was unique among British battlecruisers in having an armoured spotting and signal tower behind the conning tower, protected by 4 inches (102 mm) of armour. However, the spotting tower was of limited use, as its view was obscured by the conning tower in front of it and the legs of the foremast and superstructure behind it.[8] During a pre-war refit, a 9-foot (2.7 m) rangefinder was added to the rear of the 'A' turret roof, and this turret was equipped to control the entire main armament as an emergency backup for the normal fire-control positions.[9]
Wartime modificationsEdit
Indefatigable received a single QF 3-inch 20 cwt[Note 1] anti-aircraft gun on a high-angle Mark II mount in March 1915. It was provided with 500 rounds. All of her 4-inch guns were enclosed in casemates and given gun shields during a refit in November 1915 to better protect the gun crews from weather and enemy action, although two aft guns were removed at the same time.[10]
She received a fire-control director between mid-1915 and May 1916 that centralised fire control under the director officer who now fired the guns. The turret crewmen merely had to follow pointers transmitted from the director to align their guns on the target. This greatly increased accuracy since the ship's roll no longer dispersed the shells as each turret fired on its own; also, the fire-control director could more easily spot the fall of the shells.[11]
ServiceEdit
Early careerEdit
Indefatigable was laid down at the Devonport Dockyard, Plymouth on 23 February 1909. She was launched on 28 October 1909 and was completed on 24 February 1911.[12] Upon commissioning, Indefatigable served in the 1st Cruiser Squadron, which in January 1913 was renamed the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron (BCS). In December 1913, she transferred to the Mediterranean, where she joined the 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron.[13]
Pursuit of Goeben and BreslauEdit
Main article: Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau
Indefatigable, accompanied by the battlecruiser Indomitable and under the command of Admiral Sir Berkeley Milne, encountered the German battlecruiser Goeben and the light cruiser Breslau on the morning of 4 August 1914, which were headed east after a cursory bombardment of the French Algerian port of Philippeville. Britain and Germany were not yet at war, so Milne turned to shadow the Germans as they headed back to Messina to re-coal. All three battlecruisers had problems with their boilers, but Goeben and Breslau were able to break contact and reached Messina by the morning of the 5th. By this time, Germany had invaded Belgium and war had been declared, but an Admiralty order to respect Italian neutrality and stay more than 6 nautical miles (11 km) from the Italian coast precluded entering the Strait of Messina, from which they could have observed the port directly. Therefore, Milne stationed Inflexible and Indefatigable at the northern exit of the strait, expecting the Germans to break out to the west where they could attack French troop transports. He stationed the light cruiser Gloucester at the southern exit, and sent Indomitable to coal at Bizerte, where she was ready for action in the Western Mediterranean.[14]
The Germans sortied from Messina on 6 August and headed east, toward Constantinople, trailed by Gloucester. Milne, still expecting Rear-Admiral Wilhelm Souchon to turn west, kept the battlecruisers at Malta until shortly after midnight on 8 August when he set sail at a leisurely 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) for Cape Matapan, where Goeben had been spotted eight hours earlier. At 14:30,[Note 2] he received an incorrect message from the Admiralty stating that Britain was at war with Austria-Hungary. War would not actually be declared until 12 August, and the order was countermanded four hours later, but Milne gave up the hunt for Goeben, following his standing orders to guard the Adriatic against an Austrian break-out attempt. On 9 August, Milne was given clear orders to "chase Goeben which had passed Cape Matapan on the 7th steering north-east."[15] Milne still did not believe that Souchon was heading for the Dardanelles, and so he resolved to guard the exit from the Aegean, unaware that the Goeben did not intend to come out.[15]
On 3 November 1914, Winston Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty, ordered the first British attack on the Dardanelles following the commencement of hostilities between Ottoman Turkey and Russia. The attack was carried out by Indomitable and Indefatigable, as well as the French pre-dreadnought battleships Suffren and Vérité. The intention of the attack was to test the fortifications and measure the Turkish response. The results were deceptively encouraging. In a twenty-minute bombardment, a single shell struck the magazine of the fort at Sedd el Bahr at the tip of the Gallipoli peninsula, displacing (but not destroying) 10 guns and killing 86 Turkish soldiers. The most significant consequence was that the attention of the Turks was drawn to strengthening their defences, and they set about expanding the mine field.[16] This attack actually took place before Britain's formal declaration of war against the Ottoman Empire on 6 November. Indefatigable remained in the Mediterranean until she was relieved by Inflexible on 24 January 1915 and proceeded to Malta for a refit; she then sailed to England on 14 February and joined the 2nd BCS upon her arrival. The ship conducted uneventful patrols of the North Sea for the next year and a half. She was the temporary flagship of the 2nd BCS during April–May 1916, while her half-sister HMAS Australia was under repair after colliding with Indefatigable's other half-sister New Zealand.[17]
Battle of JutlandEdit
Main article: Battle of Jutland
Diagram of the Battle of Jutland showing the major movements
On 31 May 1916, the 2nd BCS consisted of New Zealand (flagship of Rear-Admiral William Pakenham) and Indefatigable.[18] The squadron was assigned to Admiral Beatty's Battlecruiser Fleet which had put to sea to intercept a sortie by the High Seas Fleet into the North Sea. The British were able to decode the German radio messages and left their bases before the Germans put to sea. Admiral Franz von Hipper's battlecruisers spotted the Battlecruiser Fleet to their west at 15:20, but Beatty's ships did not spot the Germans to their east until 15:30. Two minutes later, he ordered a course change to east south-east to position himself astride the German's line of retreat and called his ships' crews to action stations. He also ordered the 2nd BCS, which had been leading, to fall in astern of the 1st BCS. Hipper ordered his ships to turn to starboard, away from the British, to assume a south-easterly course, and to reduce speed to 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) to allow three light cruisers of the 2nd Scouting Group to catch up. With this turn Hipper was falling back on the High Seas Fleet, then about 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) behind him. Around this time Beatty altered course to the east as it was quickly apparent that he was still too far north to cut off Hipper.[19]
This began what was to be called the "Run to the South" as Beatty changed course to steer east south-east at 15:45, paralleling Hipper's course, now that the range closed to under 18,000 yards (16,000 m). The Germans opened fire first at 15:48, followed by the British. The British ships were still in the process of making their turn as only the two leading ships, Lion and Princess Royal, had steadied on their course when the Germans opened fire. The British formation was echeloned to the right with Indefatigable in the rear and furthest to the west, and New Zealand ahead of her and slightly further east. The German fire was accurate from the beginning, but the British overestimated the range as the German ships blended into the haze. Indefatigable aimed at Von der Tann and New Zealand targeted Moltke while remaining unengaged herself. By 15:54, the range was down to 12,900 yards (11,800 m) and Beatty ordered a course change two points to starboard to open up the range at 15:57.
Indefatigable sinking after being struck by shells from Von der Tann
HMS Indefatigable blowing up after being struck by shells from Von der Tann
Around 16:00, Indefatigable was hit around the rear turret by two or three shells from Von der Tann. She fell out of formation to starboard and started sinking towards the stern and listing to port. Her magazines exploded at 16:03 after more hits, one on the forecastle and another on the forward turret. Smoke and flames gushed from the forward part of the ship and large pieces were thrown 200 feet (61.0 m) into the air.[20] It has been thought that the most likely cause of her loss was a deflagration or low-order explosion in 'X' magazine that blew out her bottom and severed the steering control shafts, followed by the explosion of her forward magazines from the second volley.[21] More recent archaeological evidence shows that the ship was actually blown in half within the opening minutes of the engagement with Von der Tann which fired only fifty-two 28 cm (11 in) shells at Indefatigable before the fore part of the ship also exploded.[22] Of her crew of 1,019, only three survived. While still in the water, two survivors found Indefatigable's captain, C. F. Sowerby, who was badly wounded and died before they could be rescued. Two survivors, Able Seaman Frederick Arthur Gordon Elliott and Leading Signalman Charles Farmer, were rescued by the German torpedo boat S16.[23] A third survivor, Signalman John Bowyer, was picked up by another unknown German ship. He was incorrectly reported as a crew member from Nestor in The Times on 24 June 1916.[24]
Indefatigable todayEdit
Indefatigable, along with the other Jutland wrecks, was belatedly declared a protected place under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986, to discourage further damage to the resting place of 1,016 men.[25] Mount Indefatigable in the Canadian Rockies was named after the battlecruiser in 1917.[26] The wreck was identified in 2001, when it was found to have been heavily salvaged sometime in the past.[27] The most recent survey of the wreck by nautical archaeologist Innes McCartney revealed that the initial hits on the ship by Von der Tann caused 'X' turret magazine to detonate, blowing off a 40 m-long (130 ft) portion of the ship from forward of the turret to the stern. The supersonic shock-wave such an explosion generated was probably the reason for the very heavy loss of life on board. The fore part of the ship simply drifted on under its own momentum, still under fire, until it foundered. The two halves of the wreck are separated on the seabed by a linear distance of over 500 m (1,600 ft). The stern portion had not previously been discovered.[28]
^ "cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 20 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.
^ The times used in this article are in UT, which is one hour behind CET, which is often used in German works.
CitationsEdit
^ Roberts, pp. 26–28.
^ Roberts, pp. 29, 43–44.
^ Roberts, pp. 76–77, 80.
^ Gardiner & Gray, p. 26.
^ Campbell (1978), p. 14.
^ Roberts, p. 112.
^ Brooks, pp. 42–43.
^ Roberts, p. 41.
^ Massie, p. 39.
^ a b Massie, pp. 45–46.
^ Carlyon, p. 47.
^ Burt, p. 103.
^ Tarrant, pp. 69, 71, 75.
^ Tarrant, pp. 80–85.
^ McCartney (2017b), p317-329
^ "John Bowyer - WW1 memorial and Life Story". Imperial War Museum & D C Thompson. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
^ "Statutory Instrument 2006 No. 2616 The Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 (Designation of Vessels and Controlled Sites) Order 2006". Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament. Archived from the original on 8 July 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
^ Rayburn, Alan (2001). Naming Canada: Stories About Canadian Place Names (2nd ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-8020-8293-0.
^ McCartney (2017a), pp. 196–204
^ McCartney (2017b), pp. 317–329
Brooks, John (1995). "The Mast and Funnel Question: Fire-control Positions in British Dreadnoughts 1905–1915". In Roberts, John (ed.). Warship 1995. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-654-5.
Burt, R. A. (1986). British Battleships of World War One. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-863-7.
Campbell, John (1998). Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting. New York: Lyons Press. ISBN 978-1-55821-759-1.
Campbell, N. J. M. (1978). Battle Cruisers. Warship Special. 1. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-130-4.
Carlyon, Les (2001). Gallipoli. London: Transworld Publishers. ISBN 978-0-385-60475-8.
Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-907-8.
Massie, Robert (2004). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany and the Winning of the Great War. London: Random House. ISBN 978-0-224-04092-1.
McCartney, Innes (2017a). "The Battle of Jutland's Heritage under Threat: The Extent of Commercial Salvage on the Shipwrecks as Observed 2000–2016" (PDF). Mariner's Mirror: The International Quarterly Journal of the Society for Nautical Research. doi:10.1080/00253359.2017.1304701.
McCartney, Innes (2017b). "The Opening and Closing Sequences of the Battle of Jutland 1916 Re-examined: Archaeological Investigations of the Wrecks of HMS Indefatigable and SMS V4" (PDF). The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. doi:10.1111/1095-9270.12236.
Roberts, John (1997). Battlecruisers. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-068-7.
Tarrant, V. E. (1999) [1995]. Jutland: The German Perspective: A New View of the Great Battle, 31 May 1916. London: Brockhampton Press. ISBN 978-1-86019-917-2.
Battleships portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to HMS Indefatigable (ship, 1909).
Maritimequest HMS Indefatigable Photo Gallery
Battle of Jutland Crew Lists Project - HMS Indefatigable Crew List
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS_Indefatigable_(1909)&oldid=927224333"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
We were also surprised to discover that the horridly expensive Jeni's had landed in dead last, especially given that the original ice cream creator, Jeni, won a famed James Beard Cookbook award for her ice cream recipes.
That was 18 years ago. However, no member was short on opinions. Second tastes were often requested, to try and pin down that elusive description. WE ALL know the struggle of scrambling for cash, and totting up your pennies to pay for a 99 Flake ice cream.
But, what we can tell you right here are the most recent Baskin-Robbins ice cream prices for your favorite 31 flavors.
In the US, what is commonly called an "ice cream scoop" is known in the food industry as a "disher" or "portion control scoop," and come in various sizes.
In this case another method would be to calculate the percentage by which the cost of the bulk container has increased and pass that percentage increase on to your customer. While perusing groceries at the Haight Street Market, The Scoop staff spied a travesty in the freezer aisle: a pint of ice cream that cost a whopping $11.50 (by comparison, a pint of Ben and Jerry's costs about $4.50). Several members attempted to swirl the ice cream on their spoons and smell it as one would a fine wine. 1.
Y ou are probably asking yourself, how much does ice cream at Baskin-Robbins cost?Well, they serve a lot more than ice cream, and you can find the complete list of Baskin-Robbins menu prices on #HackTheMenu. I think it is about £2.00 and £2.40 with a flake. Could ice cream that cost the equivalent of seven Carmelina's tacos really be that spectacular? To pass this on to your customers multiply the current price of a scoop by 1.0539 to find the new retail price. We pay a wholesale price of $25.40 for 242 ounces of ice cream.
Edy's, Breyer's, Blue Bell and most premium brands come in 3 gallon, round cans.
Hi - I am trying to figure out the fairest retail price for an ice cream scoop.
Some ice creams elicited sighs of delight, while others resulted in perplexed facial expressions. What is the formula for figuring out how much to charge retail per scoop?
For example suppose the bulk container cost $24.10 before the price increase. A ballpark figure as far as cost is concerned is about $26 to $32 for premium ice cream. Hi - I am trying to figure out the fairest retail price for an ice cream scoop. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. Here's Why It's Worth It. A chocolate ice cream price varies with where the ice cream is made, how much it costs to make it, and how warm a day it is.
In the wine world, that might be a refined description, but in frozen dessert? We have an ice cream parlor and the cost of the ice cream we buy by the bulk container has recently been increased so now we must charge more for our scoops. This is probably so simple but confusing to me. I quit school and started my first ice-cream business six months later with a friend. Articles and columns represent the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the Board of Publications or the University of California. Get quick answers from Billy-Bob's Parlour staff and past visitors. More than 50 years of Synapse are available at the Library's Synapse Archive. Thank you! Synapse is the UCSF student newspaper.
How much does it cost for a 1 and 2 scoop scoop ice cream in a cone or cup ??
Thus your cost increase is $25.40 - $24.10 = $1.30. After looking at the package, we noticed that it described its own contents as having "notes of tobacco and leather," which upon reflection, was surprisingly accurate. Does the barn have straw? Five points were assigned for a first-place ranking, four for second place, and so on. Who wants to be reminded of an old shoe while eating vanilla ice cream? Dawn Maxey is a second-year medical student.
While perusing groceries at the Haight Street Market, The Scoop staff spied a travesty in the freezer aisle: a pint of ice cream that cost a whopping $11.50 (by comparison, a pint of Ben and Jerry's costs about $4.50). ?does anyone know?not good if asthmatic... after receiving the condescending reply, (it's not just about buying a burger!) This Ice Cream Costs $12 A Pint.
You didn't mention a goal of this type so I expect it doesn't exist.
We pay a wholesale price of $25.40 for 242 ounces of ice cream.
The Scoop staff set out to test the claim.
The box ofice cream costs $5 or $6.
We ultimately decided that we wouldn't be buying this vanilla again — at any price.
If you have such a goal you can calculate the new price from the percentage markup.
Hotels with Complimentary Breakfast in Skipton. Jeni's Vanilla also contained about one-third more sugar per gram than any of the others, perhaps contributing to its strange texture and aftertaste, as well as to the fact that it didn't really freeze very well.
We have an ice cream parlor and the cost of the ice cream we buy by the bulk container has recently been increased so now we must charge more for our scoops. Now one cartoonist has challenged the internet to work out the price of these cones, in… A blind taste-test complete with water for palate-cleansing was set up. Bottom line: Pricier doesn't always mean better, at least when it comes to store-bought vanilla ice cream. The cost per ounce is $0.105. This is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in United Kingdom. After tallying up our three preferences, the results were as follows: Three Twins and Double Rainbow tied for first place, Häagen-Dazs for third place, Ben and Jerry's fourth, and Jeni's came in last. Zoom in to see updated info. Many retailers have a fixed percentage markup as a goal.
There are many ways to do this depending on what you have as a goal.
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how much does a scoop of ice cream cost
by 11 November, 2020
We pitted four other name-brand flavors of vanilla (Double Rainbow, Häagen-Dazs, Three Twins and Ben and Jerry's) against the most expensive ice cream we'd ever seen, Jeni's Ugandan Vanilla Bean.
The cost per ounce is $0.105. COST PER SCOOP ANALYSIS: In general, parlor ice cream is packed in 3-gallon tubs.
We seek to serve as a forum for the campus community. Map updates are paused. While each member tasted, his/her comments on flavor, texture and overall satisfaction were noted. Jeni's Ice Cream is made in Ohio and has apparently won several prestigious awards. Get the latest news about the UCSF community sent weekly directly to your inbox during the academic year. is the... Do u still have unhelpful staff that ban people who don't book to play in your barn. As a percentage of your previous cost that's ($1.30/$24.10) × 100 = 5.39%.
It should be mentioned that none of The Scoop staff was particularly refined in ice cream taste-testing. Anywhere from a Kid's scoop to a Double scoop, from a waffle cone … (Note: ice cream does not have a pronounced smell, if at all.). Please help. If, for example you have a goal of 15% markup then you can achieve this goal by increasing the cost per ounce by 15%, that is charging 1.15 × $0.105 = $0.121 per ounce.
This final ranking came as a real shock to our staff, especially one who had previously scoffed at Double Rainbow ice cream and was mortified to discover that she had ranked it as No.
It depends upon your scoop. Billy-Bob's Parlour, Skipton: "How much does it cost for a 1 and 2 scoop scoop..." | Check out answers, plus 2,333 unbiased reviews and candid photos: See 2,333 unbiased reviews of Billy-Bob's Parlour, rated 4 of 5 on Tripadvisor and ranked #33 of 130 restaurants in Skipton.
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El restaurante más hermoso del mundo está en México: Ixi'im ganó reconocimiento de Unesco
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From Greece to Iceland, these World-Class Spas Combine Wellness and Exquisite Design
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Robin Johnson
The Life and Career of the Actress Robin Johnson
Tajms Skver – lobby card poster 1 of 3, Yugoslavia, 1981
Tajms Skver – lobby poster, Yugoslavia, 1981
More Times Square German press photos, 1982
Times Square German press photos, 1982
Justina Johnson
Joseph Wegesa on Justina Johnson
Toni H on You're Probably Wondering Why I'm Here
Vince on Times Square Program Book, Japan, June 1981, pages 14-19 (post 3 of 5)
Sean on Times Square Program Book, Japan, June 1981 (post 1 of 5)
Vince on Times Square Program Book, Japan, June 1981 (post 1 of 5)
"Times Square"
Code Name: Foxfire
1979 1980 1981 1982 advertising AFD Allan Moyle Australia Canada costuming EMI Germany interview Jacob Brackman Japan Kent lobby cards locations magazine Mexico Mick Rock newspaper Nicky Nicky Marotta Norman Ross Pammy Peter Coffield photograph poster Press Kit production promotion review Rickenbacker Robert Stigwood Robin Johnson RSO screenplay soundtrack Tim Curry Times Square Towa Trini Alvarado UK WJAD
"Times Square" Fandom
Living the Romantic Comedy
Vintage Salt
Fans of Robin Johnson
From The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack TIMES SQUARE (songbook)
Posted on 24th December 2015 in "Times Square"
… is exactly what it sounds like, a squarebound book collecting the sheet music for all the songs appearing on the Times Square soundtrack album. This of course excludes "Dangerous Type" by The Cars, which although heard for quite a bit longer in the film than some of the other songs ("Grinding Halt" and "Pretty Boys" spring to mind), wasn't included on the record and so didn't make it into the songbook.
The cover looks unfinished, somehow… it's the album cover extended vertically, but in my opinion the Times Square logo should have been enlarged… there's just too much empty space there in the middle. Most interestingly, though, it's not just the album cover, it's the UK album cover, without Nicky's Johnny LaGuardia pin. This continues on the inside: the first few pages of the songbook are larger versions of the photos that appear on the inner gatefold of the record cover, and again, it's the set as they appear on the UK edition. Tim Curry is nowhere to be seen, his photograph replaced with a group of sign-wielding Sleez Girls. The song listing also contains the same typo as the UK album cover. The no-prize for identifying it is still unclaimed.
The pictures in the songbook are cropped differently from the ones in the album, generally showing more at the top and bottom and less on the sides. This is most visible in the tv-dropping shot, and in the Sleez Girls shot, where the songbook version loses entirely the girls holding the "I'm a Monster" and "T.V. Sucks" signs. The exception is the Times Square Theater marquee shot, which shows more of all four sides in the songbook.
For your convenience, here's the text that appears in near-unreadable blue type on pages 3 and 4:
TIMES SQUARE a contemporary drama with music, stars the brightest new talents of
Tim Curry, British performer best known for "The Rocky Horror Picture Show," Trini
Alvarado, who scored a remarkable screen bow in Robert Altman's "Rich Kids," and
introduces Robin Johnson, a dynamic 16-year old Brooklyn actress and singer in her
film debut.
TIMES SQUARE depicts the misadventures of two rebellious teenage girls, one from
an affluent environment, the other a product of the streets. Together, they flee from
their room in a neurological hospital, commandeer an ambulance and begin a series of
wild and bizarre escapades with their behavior reported by an all-night disc jockey,
played by Tim Curry, who urges them on as their antics turn them into minor media
celebrities. Dubbed "The Sleez Sisters," their flight from authority of any kind is
climaxed in a nerve-tingling dramatic conclusion atop the marquee of a Times Square
theater as hundreds of their teenage followers below cheer in tribute.
The TIMES SQUARE soundtrack is one of the most exciting ever compiled. It presents
a unique anthology of original songs written expressly for the film plus rock classics by
major contemporary artists from both England and the United States. Featured artists
are Suzi Quatro, The Pretenders, Roxy Music, Gary Numan, The Talking Heads, Joe
Jackson, Patti Smith, XTC, Garland Jeffreys, The Cure, Lou Reed, The Ramones, The
Ruts, Desmond Child and Rouge, Marcy Levy and Robin Gibb, D.L. Byron and David
Johansen. "Rock Hard," "Help Me!," "Pretty Boys," "Take This Town," "Damn Dog,"
"Flowers of the City," and "Your Daughter Is One" are just some of the original titles
from the film.
Rock classics include "Walk On The Wild Side," "Life During Wartime," "I Wanna Be
Sedated," and an amazing new rendition of the Supremes' hit "You Can't Hurry Love."
The motion picture and the brilliantly compiled soundtrack recording portray the
colorful and restless segment of a young, contemporary generation and its music.
Unfortunately, the printing of the photos in the songbook isn't all that great. The record cover versions of the photos can be seen in the US Soundtrack post; the Tim Curry-replacing Sleez Girls photo can be seen in the UK Soundtrack post.
If you're hoping to see the sheet music here, sorry; there are some things that would almost certainly be an indefensible violation of copyright and which I will not post here, such as the actual soundtrack music, the entire film, and, yes, any song's complete sheet music, let alone the entire songbook. I will post one page of it, just as an example. As I've noted before, the first page of the sheet music to "Damn Dog" is one of the few places that Norman Ross' writing credit appears. The first four measures therefore are his riff.
Finally… one last longing look at the magnificent photo by Mick Rock that adorns the back cover of the album and songbook. As I noted last time, there are three other photos I know of where Robin is in that outfit, holding that particular Kent guitar. Mr. Rock has not as yet replied to my inquiry about them.
From The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack TIMES SQUARE; songbook (AAT ID: 300026432), 9 in (W) x 12 in (H); 90 pp. (work); front and back covers, pp 1-9, 47 displayed
©1980 Chappell & Co.
comments: 0 »	tags: 1980, Billy Mernit, Jacob Brackman, Kent, Mick Rock, Norman Ross, songbook, soundtrack
Forward Into The Past
Back issues of Screen International are surprisingly hard to come by. That's why I'm posting this so far out of the chronological order I've been trying to adhere to… I didn't have this until last week (as of this writing). And I don't even have the entire issue; I just have the upper left corner of page 44, but that's enough. This "People and Places" column comes from the 8-15 March 1980 issue, and so takes the place of the April 23 Aquarian article as the earliest published piece of Times Square publicity I know of (not counting the article from Radio and Records, for which I don't know the actual date).
[EDIT, January 29, 2017: I now have a full copy of the issue, Screen International No. 231. Yay.]
The photo is a cropped version of the one used in Photoplay's "Last Word" column in May, although severely cropped. I find it interesting that the one fact used to try to generate interest in the film is not about the film itself, but is the earliest description of Robin's "discovery" on the steps of Brooklyn Tech.
Robin would indeed be 15 for another month and a half after this article saw print.
A much more impressive piece of publicity from Screen International is the two-page center spread from the 21-28 June, 1980 issue, which I don't have, but fortunately for all of us is in Karen Dean (DefeatedandGifted)'s collection and is on display at her Times Square Fandom blog:
It was published squarely between the above-mentioned "Last Word" column and the Northeast Ohio Scene article, and as Karen notes, a full seven months before Times Square's UK release.
This fully-realized piece of art, Nicky overlaid on a Times Square collage, was only ever used here and, nine months later, as the Australian movie poster. (That poster was reproduced on the inside insert of the 2000 Anchor Bay DVD, and the image is on the cover of the current UK DVD release.)
The photo of Robin came from the same session that produced this shot and the shot on the back cover of the soundtrack album. The Kent guitar — a cheap replacement for the cheap guitar used in the movie — is a dead giveaway.
The album photo is one of the few that has a credit.
Mick Rock.
I think it's safe to assume Mick Rock took all the "Kent" photos. It's tantalizing to think that there may exist one or several rolls of photographs of Robin, in that outfit, against a black background, taken by Mick Rock.
"People and places," Screen International, 8-15 March 1980, p. 44, 1980; article (AAT ID: ID: 300048715), 7 5/8 in (H) x 6 3/4 in (H) [portion of page] (work); 800 px (H) x 606 px (W), 96 dpi, 191 kb (image)
ROBIN JOHNSON (left) makes her debut in producer Robert Stigwood's new film "Times Square".
The 15-year-old New Yorker was literally discovered standing outside her school!
ts_screeninternational_jun80_RJnet_shrunk_version.jpg (image): reduced-size version of ts_screeninternational_jun80.jpg (image), digital image of Screen International (London, UK, n. 246, pp 12-3) (work), from Dean, Karen. "Times Square / Robin Johnson Centrefold!" "Times Square" Fandom. N.p., 29 Jan. 2011. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.
comments: 0 »	tags: 1980, advertising, discovery, Kent, Mick Rock, Nicky Marotta, promotion, Screen International
Trade Magazine Soundtrack Ad
Posted on 7th December 2015 in "Times Square"
Just like the title says, this is an ad for the soundtrack that ran in 11 x 14 industry magazines.
The first one was laminated for display by the person I purchased it from; the yellow border may not be part of the original page. The back is solid yellow, so it may be mounted on a piece of yellow paper or thin board.
The second one was torn directly from some magazine and is printed much lighter (although the first's darker appearance may be a result of the lamination/backing); the back is a paid ad by an artist thanking all his industry contacts for the success of his record. Unfortunately, neither side has the name of the magazine, a date, or even a page number.
I would much rather have had the actual issue of whatever it is, because music magazines from 1980 often contain all sorts of cool stuff unrelated to Times Square. But, since I have two copies of the ad itself, I'm not looking very hard for whatever they were published in.
JUST RELEASED The Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture TIMES SQUARE, 1980; advertisement (AAT ID: 300193993), 11 in (W) x 14 in (H) (work)
from the Motion Picture
A Robert Stigwood Production
A 2-RECORD SET
Featuring Music by…
SUZI QUATRO, THE PRETENDERS, ROXY MUSIC, GARY NUMAN,
MARCY LEVY & ROBIN GIBB, TALKING HEADS, JOE JACKSON,
XTC, THE RAMONES, ROBIN JOHNSON & TRINI ALVARADO,
THE RUTS, D.L. BYRON, LOU REED,
DESMOND CHILD & ROUGE,
GARLAND JEFFREYS, THE CURE,
PATTI SMITH GROUP, DAVID JOHANSEN
RS-4-4203
INCLUDES THE FIRST SINGLE:
"Rock Hard" by Suzi Quatro
DL-104
RSO Records, Inc. ®
©1980 RSO Records, Inc.
comments: 0 »	tags: 1980, advertising, RSO, soundtrack
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Drake Address Banging Lil Wayne Girl Rumors
by Island Yute December 4, 2010
All week the rumor mill has been in full swing that Young Money deputy Drake was banging Lil Wayne catty while he was in jail.
Drake has step forward to discussed the rumors and also his issues with blog sites reporting misinformation and how he manages to not allow fake rumors to upset him.
Drizzy believes some false rumors should be obvious to detect and see through.
"I'm a very open, honest person," Drake said in an interview. "I think people that listen to my music know that about me and if there's ever something to address I always deal with it head on whether it be through my music or talking to the person and I think that's been pretty evident. I've been very candid about certain situations that are real. It's always better to not say anything. When you look at something like 'oh yeah me and [Lil] Wayne got into a fight or yeah ok I was smashing Wayne's girl.' It's evidently a ploy from whomever or whatever to try to stir up something when they have nothing real."
Drake also admitted to being shocked by the accuracy of some rumors.
"I'll be honest with you, some of these gossip sites, it's scary how accurate they actually might be or are. Sometimes they really have real things to report – first. But then there's other times it's just a slow day. I usually pop up on the slow days, to be honest with you, cause they say some sh-t and I have to say where did you even get that from…It's always been a challenge for an artist, it used to be Wendy Williams digging into you on the radio or Star & Buck. That's what the artist had to deal with years ago. That was their issue. Now as an artist, you have these media outlets that I won't even name because I don't even wanna give them shine – as if you never heard of them – you've got these outlets that truly pride themselves on trying to tear down artists and they sort of sprinkle some positivity in there so they don't look completely and utterly disgusting but it's like, yeah man, they spend their lives trying to tear down new artists and it kills me. One thing that kills me about my generation is how everyone is afraid to express themselves because of certain people."
Last month, there were rumors claiming Drake and Lil Wayne had gotten into a physical altercation.
Drake, Lil Wayne, Weezy, Young Money


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Moroz History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
The Moroz surname comes from the given name Moroz, which in turn derives from an Old Russian word meaning "frost." This patronym was usually given to a person who was born during the winter.
Moroz Spelling Variations
Spelling variations of this family name include: Maraz, Morozan, Morozevich, Morozenko, Morozik, Morozinsky, Morozitsky, Morozniuk, Morozov, Moroznyak, Morozky, Moroz, Marazov, Marez, Moros and many more.
Moroz Ranking
In Russia, the name Moroz is the 429th most popular surname with an estimated 38,222 people with that name. [1]
Moroz migration to Canada +
Some of the first settlers of this family name were:
Moroz Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
Jakiw Moroz, who arrived in Canada in 1898
Jakob Moroz, who landed in Canada in 1898
Lukian Moroz, who arrived in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1898
Contemporary Notables of the name Moroz (post 1700) +
Mike Moroz, American Democratic Party politician, Candidate for Michigan State House of Representatives 59th District, 2012
Aleksei Stepanovich Moroz (b. 1989), Russian football midfielder
Viktor Vasylyovych Moroz (b. 1968), Ukrainian professional football coach and a former player
Mitchell Moroz (b. 1982), Canadian professional NHL ice hockey winger
Alexander Moroz (1961-2009), Ukrainian chess Grandmaster
Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Moroz (b. 1944), Ukrainian statesman and politician, 2nd and 6th Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (2006-2007)
Artem Moroz (b. 1984), Ukrainian rower at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Hennadiy Moroz (b. 1975), retired Ukrainian football defender who played for the Ukraine National Team (1999-2002)
Yuriy Leontiyovych Moroz (b. 1970), Ukrainian professional football coach for the Ukraine National Team (2007-2009) and former player for the Ukraine National Team in 1992
Patronym
^ https://forebears.io/russia/surnames
Moroz (Ukrainian)


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Time Trap reviews on...
"Richard Smith has in Time Trap, a very polished debut novel. The research undertaken is evident throughout; the fog-laden city of London, the characters found therein and the localised speech patterns used. Although targeted for the 10-12 year old range...the book does show appeal for older readers."
"Time Trap is one of those books that keeps you thinking all the way through. It has an intriguing plot which stretches over two time frames and author Richard Smith does an excellent job of capturing the atmosphere of both eras."
OK, I rarely use the WOW word but Time Trap is one of those rare occasions and it gets it for the intrigue factor. The book is very well written and a delightful read, but the plot and the inclusion of London landmarks linked to a code make it one of the most engaging books I have read this year. Children will absolutely love it.
"I thought Time Trap was an absolutely riproaring adventure, full of fun and danger. The plot rushes along and poor Jamie and Todd barely get their breath back from one crisis before they are plunged headlong into another."
"Victorian London is beautifully evoked. It rises from the pages in all its danger, smoke and disease, but also in its energy and sense of progress. There is a great deal of detail, all accurately researched and readers will learn a lot about this period."
"Very exciting book; keeps you interested from the start right the way through. You can tell a lot of research has gone into the writing of this book because all the roads, pubs, churches etc in the adventure are real and in line with accurate history. Fantastic bonus is the London Walk you are invited to take all educational."
"Time Trap came recommended from a review site and I thought my son would enjoy it. As it was I read it first and thoroughly enjoyed it. It has a really engrossing storyline, strong characters and plenty of intrigue."
"A hugely enjoyable time romp, Time Trap is the debut novel from author Richard Smith and it really is a little different. Not only a perfect mix of fantasy, intriguing technology and action to keep even the most demanding of young readers entertained, it has more than its share of mystery to boot."
"An undeniably fun and engaging read, Time Trap will certainly pique your interest and leave its readers wanting more. Raising high expectations of future releases from author Richard Smith, it is recommended without reservation!"
"My 10 year old, well-read son has been reading Time Trap solidly over the last few days and loves it."
"Smith it seems has certainly succeeded in weaving a wonderful tale."
What do you get when you mix a couple of boys, 2 too many ghosts and a time travel device? Adventure and mayhem that is what! I purchased this book to read with my daughter who loves adventure books with a little thrill ride built in. Once it arrived we dug right in and I have to say that we both loved it. It really is a great read for older children, teens, and adults with a heart for adventure.
I was a little worried that it would be too intense for my daughter (she sometimes frightens easily) but she loved it. It was interesting to follow along as Todd and Jamie encounter some hair-raising and sometimes threatening situations that only a determined will and strong fortitude could get them through. I love the way the characters are put into those situations where they must show courage and endurance and rely on each other to make it through. I think that serves as a good message for the young readers.
What is there not to love, Richard Smith is a fantastic story teller and Time Trap is an out of this world (or at least this place in time) adventure! Filled with twists and turns and mysterious moments, it encompasses everything I could hope for. It is well written with exceptional character development. 5 stars all the way!
Richard Smith's Time Trap is a captivating tale that transports readers to Victorian London — 1862 to be precise. The story had me enthralled from the start. I am a big fan of time-travel fiction, and as such, the novel did not disappoint. The narrative was jam-packed with so much adventure and mystery; which makes it a great read for its intended audience. Moreover, the fascinating plot and author's writing style is bound to attract readers of all ages.
I delighted in Time Traps compelling atmosphere and got attached to the main characters more than I thought I would. There were moments when I was frustrated by some of the choices the two boys made; and times when I was anxiously rooting for their survival. The characters were well developed (multidimensional) and very convincing. The dynamic between Jamie and Todd made for an entertaining read. I liked that all other characters introduced were central to the plot.
The pace had a nice steady incline with every passing chapter building up the level of intensity and adventure. There were unexpected plot twists that also added different dimensions to the story; all this quickly had me on the edge of my sit; this is another book by Mr. Smith that I enjoyed reading. Just like The Darziod's Stone, I could tell that there was a lot of research and time that went into writing the book; from the locations, language, inventions and even diseases that ran rampant during that period. So not only did I get to read a book with a fascinating plot, but I also learned a few things.
The book appeared to be professionally edited thus reading the book was a breeze! Even though the ending was satisfactory, the epilogue left me wanting more; that, and my attachment to some of the characters is the reason am so excited for the yet to be released Time Trap II. I can't wait to see what the next adventure entails.
Review by Ritah


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Moyenne Island is a small island (0.089 km2/0.034 sq mi) in the Ste Anne Marine National Park off the north coast of Mahé, Seychelles. Since the 1970s it has been a flora and fauna reserve. From 1915 until the 1970s, the island was abandoned until its purchase by Brendon Grimshaw, an English newspaper editor. Currently he is the only permanent resident of Moyenne and is responsible for returning the island to its former natural state Brendon Grimshaw purchased the island for £8,000 in 1962 and set about making the island habitable. He did this with the help of one other man, Rene Antoine Lafortune. They operate the island as a nature reserve, charging visitors €12 to come ashore, roam the island, dine at the "Jolly Roger" restaurant and relax on the beach. Grimshaw and his friend planted sixteen-thousand trees, built 4,8 kilometers of nature paths, and brought and bred giant land tortoises, creating an island of incredible beauty now worth 34 million Euros. Apart from a wide variety of plant and bird life, the island is home to over 100 land tortoises. The eldest, Desmond, is 76 years old according to Grimshaw. He named the tortoise after his godson. There are rumours that over £30m of pirate treasure is buried on the island. Grimshaw has made two major digs and found some evidence of man-made hiding places, but no gold or other treasure has been found as yet. There are two graves on the island which have been said to be those of pirates, although this cannot be confirmed After 20 years of persistence, Grimshaw and his assistant Lafortune achieved their goal of making Moyenne Island a National Park in its own right, separate to that of the St. Anne marine park. Now known as the Moyenne Island National Park, it is the smallest national park in the world, harbouring more species per square foot than any other part of the world. The island is 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) away from the main island of Mahe.