text:
Q: Use VBA to split a string based on set number of characters I've been using VBA for about a year now and am still learning what it can do. I have a csv file that needs to be altered in data arrangement to be imported into a software. Up until now I have been fine. But apparently one particular column being imported is running into an issue.
The software is only importing the first 15 characters of the data in the column. The people I am working with would like the data split, with the first 15 chars in the appropriate column and the overflow in a secondary column. I have done some research, and came up with only two options. Use the text to column function or use the split string function. The problem I see with the split string is that I need a delimiter but I need to use the fact that I have to split between char 15 and 16 since there is no recurring delimiter in each data point. Which leaves me with text to column which allows for fixed width. But I have a run into another issue. Char 16 could be a space. I test ran the text to column with the char 16 space and the function dropped the spaces, which are necessary for the importing.
I am at a loss. Is there a way to split a string between char 15 & 16 and maintain any spaces occurring at char 16?
The VBA coding is in an Excel 2007 workbook.
For the sake of showing some of the code not that it has much bearing on my current situation.
Dim i As Integer
i = 1
ActiveWorkbook.Sheets.Add After:=Sheets(Sheets.Count)
'Insert headers
Sheets(2).Cells(1, 1).Value = "Company"
Sheets(2).Cells(1, 2).Value = "Division"
Sheets(2).Cells(1, 3).Value = "Style"
Sheets(2).Cells(1, 4).Value = "Label"

Do While Sheets(1).Cells(i, 1) <> ""  'Insert data
Sheets(2).Cells(i + 1, 1).Value = "LP"
Sheets(2).Cells(i + 1, 2).Value = Sheets(1).Cells(i, 3).Value
Sheets(2).Cells(i + 1, 3).Value = Sheets(1).Cells(i, 30).Value 'Needs first 15 char
'Sheets(2).Cells(i + 1, 4).Value = 'currently blank 'Needs char 16 and beyond
i= i + 1
Loop

A: You could try the Mid function
Dim i As Integer
i = 1
ActiveWorkbook.Sheets.Add After:=Sheets(Sheets.Count)
'Insert headers
Sheets(2).Cells(1, 1).Value = "Company"
Sheets(2).Cells(1, 2).Value = "Division"
Sheets(2).Cells(1, 3).Value = "Style"
Sheets(2).Cells(1, 4).Value = "Label"

Do While Sheets(1).Cells(i, 1) <> ""  'Insert data
Sheets(2).Cells(i + 1, 1).Value = "LP"
Sheets(2).Cells(i + 1, 2).Value = Sheets(1).Cells(i, 3).Value
Sheets(2).Cells(i + 1, 3).Value = Mid(Sheets(1).Cells(i, 30).Value, 1, 15) 'Needs first 15 char
Sheets(2).Cells(i + 1, 4).Value = Mid(Sheets(1).Cells(i, 30).Value, 16) 'currently blank 'Needs char 16 and beyond
i= i + 1
Loop


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Anne Catherine Emmerich (1774-1824) was an Augustinian nun noted for her visions of Christ and other mystic gifts.
Born in Flamschen bei Coesfeld, Westphalia, Germany in 1774, her family was poor but faith- filled. From a young age, Ann Catherine wanted to be a nun. Her father opposed her entry into the monastery.
As a young girl, Anne Catherine began to receive many spiritual gifts from God. When she became an adult, she sought entry into the religious life. Several communities would not accept her, but finally the Augustinian Canonesses at Agnetenberg received her into their convent.
Life in the convent was not easy for Anne Catherine. Some of nuns looked down on her because of the poverty of her family. Her health was poor. An accident in 1806 made it impossible for her to leave her room for the next six years.
During this time God continued to bless her with spiritual gifts. A few of the nuns, perhaps out of jealousy, looked upon Anne Catherine with suspicion and spread unkind gossip about her. At the end of 1811, the convent where she lived was ordered suppressed. In 1812, Anne Catherine and some of the other sisters were living in Dulmen. There she would frequently become caught up in ecstatic prayer. Towards the end of 1812, she was given the marks of Christ's Passion on her body. She tried to hide these, but only succeeded for a while. Soon the other sisters noticed the stigmata and told their superiors.
An investigation followed, which concluded that the wounds were truly mystic phenomena and that Anne Catherine was indeed the recipient of many supernatural gifts. She experienced many visions of Christ. It is, however, difficult to know the truth about many of these, since the main source of information in this regard is the writings of the romantic poet Clemens Brentano (1778-1842), whose works were characterized by an excess of fantastic imagery.
Anne Catherine did not herself write any descriptions of her visions. Instead, she recounted her visions to Brentano, who, in turn, wrote them in a sort of diary, which he published in book form several years after Anne Catherine's death. True to his usual style, Brentano frequently exaggerated and embellished the facts. Scholars today do not consider Brentano's book, entitled The Dolorous Passion, to be a reliable reporting of what Anne Catherine really experienced. The book was totally disregarded during the process of her beatification.
Anne Catherine's health continued to grow worse. From 1813 to the time of her death on November 9, 1824, Anne Catherine was bedridden. She died in Dulman, where her remains are preserved. In 2001, Anne Catherine Emmerich's practice of virtue was declared "heroic". She was beatified October 3, 2004.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: how to create sql installer in custom module in magento i need to create sql installer in magento.....i created a module and i created table by sql query directly to sql editor...
but for global module i need to create sql installer...in magento sql...
i m giving my config detail....and also i want to know that what changes in necessary for executing sql script in magento ...also i want to know that what should in sql script.
my config..
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<config>

    <modules>
        <Webcreon_Seller>
            <version>0.0.1</version>
        </Webcreon_Seller>
    </modules>

    <frontend>
        <routers>
            <seller>
                <use>standard</use>
                <args>
                    <module>Webcreon_Seller</module>
                    <frontName>seller</frontName>
                </args>
            </seller>
        </routers>
     <layout>
            <updates>
                <seller>
                      <file>sellerform.xml</file>
                </seller>
            </updates>
       </layout>
    </frontend>
    <admin>
     <routers>
         <seller>
            <use>admin</use>
            <args>
               <module>Webcreon_Seller</module>
               <frontName>adminseller</frontName>
            </args>
         </seller>
      </routers>
 </admin>
 <adminhtml>
   <layout>
      <updates>
          <seller>
              <file>sellerform.xml</file>
           </seller>
      </updates>
   </layout>
   <menu>
      <customer translate="title" module="adminhtml">

         <sort_order>10</sort_order>
         <children>
             <set_time>
                   <title>Seller List</title>
                   <action>adminseller/adminhtml_index</action>
              </set_time>
          </children>
       </customer>
    </menu>
</adminhtml>

    <global>
        <blocks>
            <seller>
                <class>Webcreon_Seller_Block</class>
            </seller>
         </blocks>
         <helpers>
            <seller>
                <class>Webcreon_Seller_Helper</class>
            </seller>
        </helpers>
              <models>
          <seller>
                <class>Webcreon_Seller_Model</class>
                 <resourceModel>seller_mysql4</resourceModel>
            </seller>
            <seller_mysql4>
             <class>Webcreon_Seller_Model_Mysql4</class>
             <entities>
                 <seller>

db_vendor

                 </seller>
              </entities>
          </seller_mysql4>
        </models>
        <resources>

        <seller_write>
            <connection>
                <use>core_write</use>
            </connection>
        </seller_write>

       <seller_read>
          <connection>
             <use>core_read</use>
          </connection>
       </seller_read>
</resources>
    </global>

</config>

A: You need to add this to your config.xml file inside the global->resources tag
<webcreon_seller_setup>
    <setup>
        <module>Webcreon_Seller</module>
    </setup>
</webcreon_seller_setup>

Then create the file sql/webcreon_seller_setup/install-0.0.1.php. This is the install script.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Heftiest Hibiscus is an orange-coral, sometimes pure orange in some lighting. It's super soft and moisturizing, and it really stands out.
Roomiest Rose is a deep, plummy, shimmery rose color. Not as much of a standout as Heftiest Hibiscus. but still super pretty.
These are creamy, opaque, moisturizing, and they last quite a while. There are quite a few more I want, but my wallet won't let me right now. These are super convenient, portable, and they'll last quite a while. Clinique has a winner with these Intense Chubby Sticks.
$16 USD at Clinique counters.


text:
Men sentenced for role in Canadian police's single worst loss
Source: Xinhua | January 31, 2009, Saturday | Online Edition
TWO men who were found guilty of killing four Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers in 2005were sentenced yesterday to 15 years and 12 years in prison respectively.
Shawn Hennessey, 25, and Dennis Cheeseman, 29, pleaded guilty to manslaughter in January for helping James Roszko kill four RCMP officers near Mayerthorpe in Alberta province, Canadian media reported.
The tragedy was the single worst loss of Canada's national police in its history and shocked the whole country at that time.
Alberta Court of Queen's Bench Justice Eric Macklin gave the men credit for pleading guilty and for time already spent in custody, reducing Cheeseman's sentence to seven years and two months, and Hennessey's to 10 years and four months.
In an agreed statement of facts, Cheeseman and Hennessey admitted they gave Roszko a rifle and drove him to his farm in theearly hours of March 3, 2005, where RCMP were investigating a marijuana growing operation and auto parts "chop shop" in a hut on Roszko's property.
In an ambush later that morning, Roszko shot and killed four RCMP constables before killing himself.
Parents of the slain officers said they were satisfied with the sentence and hoped the two men would get education in prison so that they can be good citizens when out.


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text:
News, Business
India's GDP expected to grow at 7.3 pc in 2018-19
Published Jan 9, 2019, 12:34 pm IST
Updated Jan 9, 2019, 12:34 pm IST
India's GDP is expected to grow at 7.3 per cent in the fiscal year 2018-19, and 7.5 per cent in the following two years...
India's GDP is expected to grow
Washington, Jan 9 (PTI) India's GDP is expected to grow at 7.3 per cent in the fiscal year 2018-19, and 7.5 per cent in the following two years, the World Bank has forecast, attributing it to an upswing in consumption and investment. The bank said India will continue to be the fastest growing major economy in the world. China's economic growth is projected to slow down to 6.2 each in 2019 and 2020 and 6 per cent in 2021, according to the January 2019 Global Economic Prospects report released by the World Bank on Tuesday.
In 2018, the Chinese economy is estimated to have grown by 6.5 per cent as against India's 7.3 per cent. In 2017, China with 6.9 per cent growth was marginally ahead of India's 6.7 per cent, mainly because the slowdown in the Indian economy due to demonetisation and implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), the report said. "India's growth outlook is still robust. India is still the fastest growing major economy," World Bank Prospects Group Director Ayhan Kose told PTI in an interview.
"With investment picking up and consumption remaining strong, we expect India to grow 7.3 per cent in the fiscal year 2018-2019, and average 7.5 per cent in 2019 and 2020. India registered quite a bit of pick up in doing business ranking. The growth momentum is there (in India)," Kose told PTI. In India, the growth has accelerated, driven by an upswing in consumption, and investment growth has firmed as the effects of temporary factors wane, the World Bank said in its latest report.
Domestic demand has strengthened as the benefits of structural reforms such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST) harmonisation and bank recapitalisation take effect. "India's growth accelerated to an estimated 7.3 per cent in FY2018/19 (April to March) as economic activity continued to recover with strong domestic demand. While investment continued to strengthen amid the GST harmonisation and a rebound of credit growth, consumption remained the major contributor to growth," the World Bank said.
According to the report, India's GDP is forecast to grow by 7.3 per cent in FY2018/19 and 7.5 per cent thereafter, in line with June forecasts. Private consumption is projected to remain robust and investment growth is expected to continue as the benefits of recent policy reforms begin to materialise and credit rebounds. Strong domestic demand is envisioned to widen the current account deficit to 2.6 per cent of GDP next year.
Inflation is projected to rise somewhat above the midpoint of the Reserve Bank of India's target range of 2 to 6 per cent, mainly owing to energy and food prices, the bank said. It said in India the recent introduction of the GST and steps toward demonetisation are expected to encourage a shift from the informal to the formal sector. "India's recent growth numbers suggest that the economy remains robust despite temporary setbacks (due top demonetisation and GST)," Kose said.
The World Bank's estimate suggest that India's potential growth rate is around seven per cent, and is expected to remain around seven per cent, he said in response to a question. "The fact is that Indian economy is being able to deliver growth slightly above its potential is a very good sign, he added. Refraining from commenting on the economic performance of the Modi Government that too in an election year,
the World Bank official said growth performance of India as compared to other emerging markets has been quite impressive. "India's growth performance has been quite impressive. Year after year it has delivered strong numbers around its potential growth," he said.


Does my business need inland marine insurance?
Home/ Insurance 101/ Business Insurance 101/ Does my business need inland marine insurance?
Any business that transports goods should consider adding an inland marine insurance policy to its other business insurance coverage. The coverage applies to items transported that belong to the business or its customers, such as employee laptops or customer blueprints. Regardless of what is being transported, the fact that your business is taking something from one location to another warrants inland marine insurance.
Don't let the name confuse you. Inland marine insurance came to be from ocean marine insurance coverage. Ocean marine insurance covers items transported via water vessels (i.e. ships). Once the items reach land, another type of insurance, inland marine, is needed to cover their transport from shipyards to their final destination "on land." With the growth of "on land" shipping came the need for inland marine insurance to cover items shipped even if they did not originate from a water-bound vessel. Since that time, insurance coverage that protects items shipped or transported on land has been known as inland marine insurance.
Inland marine insurance covers all types of items that can be transported from one location to another, including valuable papers, contractor tools, photography equipment, portable electronic devices, laptops, musical instruments, and mobile medical equipment, to name a few.
Review your inland marine insurance coverage needs with your local independent insurance agent to make sure your business is protected when you transport goods.


text:
דף הבית > Judicial Appointments in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Challenges and Regional Solutions
Chris Oxtoby, University of Cape Town Judicial Appointments in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Challenges and Regional Solutions
This paper will focus on the experience of judicial appointments in South Africa under post-apartheid Constitutional Democracy. Prior to the introduction of the country's much-lauded Constitution in the 1990's, judicial appointments in South Africa were made according to the old Westminister "tap on the shoulder" system of appointment. This system was often criticized for failing to allow for external input, and for delivering an executive minded and demographically unrepresentative judiciary.
The South African Constitution changed this system by establishing a Judicial Service Commission (JSC), which plays a central role in judicial appointments. The JSC was faced with a challenging task. It is given an express Constitutional mandate to take into account the need for the judiciary to be representative of the population in terms of race and gender, against a backdrop of a long history of systemic discrimination and exclusion. It is a body comprising a significant number of politicians, which is charged to make appointments to a judiciary that is charged to uphold and enforce a constitution that vests the courts with extensive powers of judicial review, as well as ensuring the fulfilment of judicially enforceable social and economic rights. It should therefore not be surprising that the issue of judicial appointments in the post – Constitutional era has been contentious, fraught, and revealing of deeper faultlines in South African society.
This paper will provide an overview of the judicial appointments process in South Africa in the Constitutional era. The paper will draw on the author's primary research observing the South African JSC's public interview process between 2009 – 2019, and will discuss some of the major challenges that have arisen, including:
The demographic transformation of the judiciary;
The criteria for recommending candidates for appointment;
The role of politics, including the
Interviews, including vetting and dealing with adverse comments.
The aim of the paper is to bring out common themes that may be useful grounds for comparative analyses with other jurisdictions.
The paper will conclude with a brief discussion of the Lilongwe Principles and Guidelines on the Selection and Appointment of Judicial Officers,[1] a southern and eastern African regional best practice document that provides one means of addressing some of the challenges identified in the South African process. The Lilongwe document may also in itself provide an interesting basis for comparative analysis.


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Home » Meeting Desperate Needs for Medical Supplies
Meeting Desperate Needs for Medical Supplies
MedShare, which collects and distributes surplus supplies and equipment to needy communities, represents a potential template for other organizations.
Paul B. Hofmann
In the most desperate developing countries in the world, children and adults suffer and die every day because their physicians, hospitals and clinics — if they exist — lack the necessary supplies and equipment to treat them. According to the World Health Organization, more than 10 million children younger than age 5 die in these countries each year due to inadequate medical care. Potentially life-saving surgeries are cancelled because there are no sutures. Hospitals are overcrowded; patients often lie three to a bed. Physicians wash, patch and reuse exam gloves — or they use plastic bags as exam gloves — to protect themselves from diseases such as AIDS.
At the same time, U.S. hospitals discard an estimated $6.5 billion of medical supplies and equipment each year. Every day, tons of medical waste are dumped into landfills — 85 percent of which is nonhazardous, nonbiological solid waste. These supplies are discarded because of technological change, regulatory requirements, production overages and procedural excess. Much of the waste is still viable.
MedShare's Focus and Accomplishments
Since 1998, MedShare, a nonprofit organization, has been recovering surplus medical supplies, instruments and equipment and redistributing them to hospitals and clinics in medically underserved communities — not only supplying developing countries, but also reducing landfill in the U.S. By collecting a weekly average of 10 tons of surplus material from hospitals, manufacturers and distributors, MedShare has diverted more than 2 million cubic feet from our community landfills.
During this period, more than 750 shipments, each containing five to six tons of material, have been sent to 93 countries, including more than 150 tons to Haiti after its devastating earthquake; most recently, MedShare delivered 10 shipments to help rebuild hospitals in Libya. In addition, more than 2,500 medical mission teams have obtained provisions for their work around the globe. Qualified hospitals and clinics use MedShare's Web-based ordering system to select the exact supplies needed from MedShare's inventory of about 10,000 items. Distribution and volunteer centers, each with approximately 50,000 square feet, are located in Decatur, Ga., and San Leandro, Calif.
MedShare also provides biomedical engineering assistance. The WHO has reported that 40 to 60 percent of medical equipment leaving the United States for developing nations either doesn't work or is not appropriate for the recipient facility; others have indicated the figure may be as high as 75 percent. Consequently, MedShare has built a state-of-the-art biomedical program to ensure that the equipment it sends can be put to use. MedShare's biomedical engineers evaluate, test and repair equipment prior to shipment and provide assistance both remotely and on-site.
Financial donations from individuals, corporate gifts and grants, as well as in-kind support and services from national and global companies, are MedShare's only sources of assistance, with one significant exception: the contribution of 15,000 community volunteers who now devote 45,000 hours annually to sorting the surplus medical supplies. Due to all of these factors driving efficiency and effectiveness, Charity Navigator ranks MedShare as a four-star charity with 96 percent of its revenues directly related to program activity. As a Lean organization, MedShare is able to transform every $1 in direct donations into shipping $7 in life-saving aid to the medically underserved around the globe.
Significant Domestic Benefits
While the majority of material is shipped to hospitals in countries throughout the developing world, MedShare also supports safety-net clinics and underserved communities in the United States. Many of our own citizens rely on free clinics for health care, usually because they are unemployed or have jobs that don't provide health insurance. Through MedShare's medical team store program, free and safety-net clinic staff can visit its distribution centers and select supplies, thus reducing its operating costs and providing more care to the medically underserved in our communities.
Emory University's Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing's Georgia Farm Worker Family Health Program exemplifies what can be achieved through creative partnerships. For the past 16 years, this program has provided free health care to more than 100,000 migrant and seasonal farm workers in southern Georgia. These workers face more complex health issues than the general population because of the physical demands of their jobs, pesticide exposure, poor access to health care services and substandard housing conditions.
Emory nursing volunteers spend two weeks in June each year examining children by day and setting up mobile clinics to treat adult farm workers in the evening, often providing the only health care these workers and their family members receive the entire year. MedShare provides many of the supplies the nursing volunteers use to care for the workers.
As another example, MedShare provisions the Remote Area Medical clinics in California each year. Since 1992, this nonprofit volunteer corps dedicated to providing free health care, dental care and eye care services has treated thousands of low-income, uninsured patients.
In addition to supporting free clinic work, MedShare has responded to domestic natural disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina and the recent tornados in Alabama. In Alabama, MedShare used relationships with product manufacturers to send two tractor-trailer loads of supplies to the Alabama Association of Volunteer Fire Departments. These volunteers are often the first responders with paramedic services and first aid in rural areas, but the tornados destroyed many of their facilities. The urgent humanitarian need rapidly depleted their existing supplies. MedShare aid helped them get back on their feet and meet the needs of Alabama citizens.
An Opportunity for Health Care Leaders
Plans are well under way for MedShare to expand its operations to southern Florida and to New York state. Other areas of the country also have expressed interest in MedShare's program. In addition, a few years ago, when MedShare and several other medical surplus recovery organizations convened the first national meeting of groups engaged in similar activity, representatives from 16 other organizations attended.
Although MedShare and other medical surplus recovery organizations vary widely in size and scope, they have a genuine interest in sharing best practices. Among the lessons MedShare has learned to date are to:
conduct an extensive review to assess whether comparable organizations exist that may be receptive to collaboration;
identify, educate and recruit community and hospital leaders to serve as passionate champions;
determine when and how sufficient funds can be raised to support each program;
achieve financial sustainability through a combination of partnerships, container sponsorships, major gifts, multiyear grants and individual donations;
establish well-defined organizational performance indicators and metrics;
ship only what the recipient wants and can use;
target shipment recipients in selected areas for whom repeat shipments will have a major impact on their ability to achieve sustainable improvements in health care;
appraise the logistical hurdles, including customs and other governmental issues, well in advance of preparing any shipments;
require completion of evaluation questionnaires by recipients to obtain their feedback on the value of the material and its impact on their services;
develop strong and lasting partnerships with U.S. health care systems and global corporations;
avoid underestimating the time and resources required to create and maintain a viable organization.
The huge gap between surplus and need probably will never be filled. MedShare's ultimate vision is that its model will enable effective and efficient reclaiming and redistribution of nearly all usable surplus medical supplies, instruments and equipment in the United States — both through its own efforts and through influencing best practices among similar organizations. Much more work can and must be done.
Paul B. Hofmann, Dr.P.H., F.A.C.H.E., is a member of MedShare's board and executive committee and president of the Hofmann Healthcare Group in Moraga, Calif.
Leadership & StrategyQuality & SafetyCEOAffordable Care ActOperationsCIOPatient CareWorkforceTechnologyCOOCQO
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text:
Long Paddock
Southerly Back Issues
'Progress': ethics, awards and the environment
by Southerly | Jun 16, 2013 | Blog | 2 comments
Ali Alizadeh
My last post took aim at a rather obvious ideological edifice, the new literary patriotism in Australia and its mostly transparent role in the generation of cultural and literary surplus-value for publishers, cultural organisations and affiliated individuals. But this phenomenon is a rather rare instance of an openly conservative, proudly old-fashioned bourgeois ideology at the service of the ruling classes–patriotism has been the last refuge of a scoundrel, as Samuel Johnson would have it, for well over two hundred years. Today's capitalist superstructure is often far more innovative and deceptive. It is an ideology that bears the aura of positive, progressive thought; and its ability to entrance us into accepting the decisions and prerogatives of those in power is not to be underestimated.
Here one must seek, as Marxist thinker Slavoj Žižek has, the fetish dimension of our dominant ideals. The inclusive, progressive capitalism of our time–with its "new libertarian spirit epitomised by dressed-down 'cool' capitalists such Bill Gates" (Žižek 56)–is precisely that which we have come to refer to as postmodernism: ruthless commodification and exploitation with a 'hip', 'experimental' and 'compassionate' symbolic feature. Such symbolism is explicit in the 'ethical' messages accompanying consumer products such as (so-called) Fair Trade coffee,
the price [of which] is higher than [non-Fair Trade] since you are really buying into the "coffee ethics" which includes care for the environment, social responsibility towards the producers, plus a place where you yourself can participate in communal life […] And if this is not enough, if your ethical needs are still unsatisfied and you continue to worry about Third World misery, then there are additional [ethical, environmentally friendly] products you can buy (Ibid 53-54).
In other words, in today's liberal capitalist societies, it is precisely the discourse of consumer ethics which compels one to consume. But this ideology should not be mistaken for a disingenuous advertising campaign, there to simply trick gullible consumers into further participating in capitalist economy. Žižek points out that this kind of ideology functions by giving meaning and aura (albeit of a transferred, fetishistic kind) to the utterly banal, meaningless acts of drinking coffee or buying vegetables:
Who really believes that half-rotten and overpriced "organic" apples are healthier than the non-organic variety? The point is that, in buying them, we are not merely buying and consuming, we are simultaneously doing something meaningful, showing our capacity for care and global awareness, participating in a collective project (Ibid 54)
Hence, under the aegis of new progressive capitalism, shopping is transformed into a meaningful, cathartic and, in the precise sense of the term, 'politically correct' activity. And it is this kind of meaning which progressive discourses of literature make available to many in charge of production, evaluation and distribution of writing in a capitalist society such as Australia. By being told that we are being provided with a new literature which is in some way positive or progressive, we come to feel that we are not merely buying and consuming (often unnecessary) cultural products, and that our very act of purchasing these products is in itself an ethical achievement that makes the world a better place.
Among the key tropes of such a progressive ideology in the contemporary literary scene are cultural diversity –'multicultural writing' provides much solace to 'tolerant' readers in a country which has been found, time and again, in breach of international human rights for its treatment of foreign refugees–and digital technology, which, as many champions of the medium would have it, is supposed to one day liberate us from the tyrannies of traditional publishing and so on. (In my view, the digital medium will do nothing of the sort and will instead result in continued, rabid consumption of electronic gadgets, among other things.) For the rest of this piece, however, I'd like to briefly speak to what is fast emerging as a central tenet of today's progressive literary ideology – the environment.
One of the great potentials of contemporary ecocriticism resides in the philosophy's demystification of the relationship between literary, pastoral signifiers and their ecological signified. A truly ecopoetic text has the power to present nature as an undecidable void, as an 'empty set', the naming of which as such may produce a truth that could alter or even rupture anthropocentric knowledge. But an 'environmental turn' is not in itself a radical discourse. If the statements and propaganda surrounding the worth of contemporary literature are anything to go by, 'literary environmentalism' is, in many instances, an ideological justification for the hierarchies of valuation and cultural capital. It is a perspective which provides an 'ethical' rubric for assessing literary aesthetics and shores up the theses of those with the power to assess our writing.
Consider, for example, these samples from judges' reports apropos of the most recent winners of the Prime Minister's Literary Awards and how 'earthy', natural motifs are enlisted to establish the value of the winning works. The 2011 winner of the fiction award is praised for its "tactile, redolent evocation of the physical world of sheep-farming in New Zealand". Last year's winner of the fiction category is extolled for its "aching affinity for the harsh landscape the book describes". Also in 2012, the Prize for Australian History went to a book which apparently enhances "our understanding of the historic Australian environment and its land care. [The book's author] forces us to reconsider our intellectual landscape, and thus present day environmental practices, through his dramatic historical revisioning of our physical landscape."
I am not concerned with whether or not the books referred to in these reports are worthy winners of a very worthy prize, nor am I critical of these books' supposed 'evocations' of and 'affinity for' the environment. What concerns me is the very problematic, indeed phantasmatic perception which correlates literary value with an ethics of 'land care', promoting the rather absurd view that the practice of writing, reading and awarding books–whatever their presumed ethical message–could in itself directly benefit the environment. To state the obvious, buying and reading a book is categorically not the same thing as actually taking care of the land. And yet the magical, sublime power of ideology is such that it makes two very different objects–e.g. reading a book and planting a tree–seem coterminous, even identical. Such an operation is perhaps most evident in the raison d'être of a literary prize such as the Environment Award for Children's Literature which conflates aesthetics with environmental agendas in praising one of its current winners for writing a "beautifully illustrated" book which teaches children "about extinctions, and why they occur".
As an unashamedly political writer, I have no problem with literature having a (preferably unsettling) didactic dimension; but the commodification of a book as a basically pedagogic tool is, in my view, a sign of capitalist ideology. Another rather dubious symptom of such an ideology is the presentation of professional writers as sincere environmentalists. Even an author of commercial erotic fiction now tells us–and is, more importantly, provided with the space in our only national newspaper to tell us–that she is unhappy with how nature "has been tamed, reconstructed" and suggests that we should all immerse ourselves in the "beautiful, beachy, bushy, wild". My hope is that literature won't be 'tamed' by this fetishistic invocation of the environment. If nothing else, the planet's battered and crumbling ecosystems deserve better.
Work Cited
Žižek, Slavoj. First as Tragedy, then as Farce. London: Verso, 2009.
Andy C	on June 17, 2013 at 12:57 am
Ali,
For me this is an important polemic, one that I hope has some traction, but who knows. Your demonstration of the hypocrisy in an ethics of land care in literary culture was welcome: indeed for whom and for what is this ethics? Under what meaningful definition?
My question is to what extent would philosophy want to intervene if there are no truths produced in "capitalo-environmental" literature anyway? I do see precisely how a demystification of the literary (pastoral) signifiers and the ecological signified could be a useful contribution to knowledge, but if no gap opens up for truth to be subtracted then what would a philosophical (re)thinking of environmental poetics be?
More broadly, why do we feel the need to immerse ourselves today wholly in the ecological signified? if we borrow our "way of life" from the natural world you'd think we'd be even more against stagnation, complacency, stasis, etc., since evidence suggests that nature is not a balanced Whole but (somewhat like us) a series of imbalances that thrive on further fractures and imbalances.
Mao had a much more nuanced version of nature and the natural than we have even now. He presumed that since nature certainly undergoes constant change, this would be the only real thing we could learn from it: "In the fields of the struggle for production and scientific experiment, mankind makes constant progress and nature undergoes constant change, they never remain at the same level. Therefore, man has constantly to sum up experience and go on discovering, inventing, creating and advancing. Ideas of stagnation, pessimism, inertia and complacency are all wrong. They are wrong because they agree neither with the historical facts of social development over the past million years, nor with the historical facts of nature so far known to us (i.e., nature as revealed in the history of celestial bodies, the earth, life, and other natural phenomena)."
Thanks for this post,
alializadeh	on June 18, 2013 at 8:02 am
Thanks for the thoughtful comments.
I think ecocriticsim can promote the opening of a gap in environmental knowledge. (Although the extent to which ecocrticism may be viewed as a philosophy is something that a smarter person than myself will have to speak to.) For me personally some of the poems of, say, Denise Levertov do perform a sort of subtractive operation along affirmationist lines; but i do take your point re: capitalo-environmentalism (did you just coin that, btw?! Nice one!). I feel much (but not all) of what passes as 'radical ecopoetry' and suchlike is in fact postmodernised — 'innovative', 'difficult', etc — landscapism.
As to why one would engage with an ecological signified — and i think Mao's is one of the much more compelling arguments here — I personally feel the situation of 'nature writing' is there to be ruptured, as it's quite a hegemonic aesthetic construct. And i feel properly radical ecopoetry can do that. But, precisely as you've implied, i don't nature as such could benefit from any of this one way or the other.


Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is an emerging imaging modality which produces three-dimensional radiographic images of breast. DBT reconstructs tomographic images from a limited view angle, thus data acquired from DBT is not sufficient enough to reconstruct an exact image. It was proven that a sparse image from a highly undersampled data can be reconstructed via compressed sensing (CS) techniques. This can be done by minimizing the l1 norm of the gradient of the image which can also be defined as total variation (TV) minimization. In tomosynthesis imaging problem, this idea was utilized by minimizing total variation of image reconstructed by algebraic reconstruction technique (ART). Previous studies have largely addressed 2-dimensional (2D) TV minimization and only few of them have mentioned 3-dimensional (3D) TV minimization. However, quantitative analysis of 2D and 3D TV minimization with ART in DBT imaging has not been studied.
In this paper two different DBT image reconstruction algorithms with total variation minimization have been developed and a comprehensive quantitative analysis of these two methods and ART has been carried out: The first method is ART + TV2D where TV is applied to each slice independently. The other method is ART + TV3D in which TV is applied by formulating the minimization problem 3D considering all slices.
A 3D phantom which roughly simulates a breast tomosynthesis image was designed to evaluate the performance of the methods both quantitatively and qualitatively in the sense of visual assessment, structural similarity (SSIM), root means square error (RMSE) of a specific layer of interest (LOI) and total error values. Both methods show superior results in reducing out-of-focus slice blur compared to ART.
Computer simulations show that ART + TV3D method substantially enhances the reconstructed image with fewer artifacts and smaller error rates than the other two algorithms under the same configuration and parameters and it provides faster convergence rate.
Several imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance have been extensively used in breast imaging for decades. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is an imaging technique using limited range of view angles, hence it has limitations in implementation and challenges in image reconstruction . Recently, digital tomosynthesis has become an emerging imaging modality for breast imaging where the breast is projected onto a flat panel detector from a limited view angle and a few number of projections is acquired to produce a three dimensional image of the breast. It is now currently being used for both diagnosis and screening purposes . This technique overcomes the overlapping problem which is the most present artifact in 2D mammographic imaging. However, due to the limited range of view angles, the number of projections may not be sufficient to fully reconstruct the image in the Fourier space . More specifically, the Fourier space is not fully sampled which causes streaking artifacts. In order to acquire tomosynthesis images, algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) is adapted to acquire 3D objects from two dimensional projection images . Although several studies has shown that iterative algorithms can show satisfactory results over filtered back projection (FBP), modified FBP and matrix-inversion algorithms in missing data image reconstruction, they still do not give acceptable results in tomosynthesis imaging [2, 4, 5].
DBT image reconstruction algorithms have shown significant improvements over the years. Shift and add (SAA) which is based on shifting and adding projections to sharpen the plane focus was the first idea of DBT image reconstructions . However, significant amount of out of focus slice blur occurs in SAA. FBP, modified FBP and iterative methods have also been widely used in DBT image reconstruction perspective [7–9] to overcome the blurring problem. Among these techniques, iterative methods are generally suitable for complete data sets or nearly complete data sets. However, in tomosynthesis, acquired data is highly incomplete thus acquiring the exact image can be severely affected by this incompleteness. This problem can be addressed in a compressed sensing (CS) framework which allows the reconstruction of a signal or image from a highly undersampled observation . Hence after introduction of the CS approach, the number of studies addressing sparse image reconstruction has drastically increased.
Iterative methods and FBP methods are not sufficient enough to preserve the edges which play an important role in identifying objects and fundamental features in the image. However, total variation (TV) minimization was proven to be applicable in edge preserving image denoising processes [11, 12]. This algorithm is based on minimizing the l1 norm of the sparsified image. TV minimization has recently been adapted to DBT imaging reconstruction problems and better results were obtained than FBP and iterative methods [13, 14]. By adding different constraints, such as prior image constrained CS, improved results were obtained over CS and FBP algorithms . Moreover, compressed imaging based on wavelet sparsity has been investigated in limited tomographic x-ray imaging  and MRI  to reconstruct the image from fewer projections and promising results have been obtained. Another alternative approach was introduced in  where, curvelets were used for reconstruction at a limited angular range and the results showed that the method was stable and edge-preserving.
ART + TV2D method: TV2D was implemented layer by layer along the axial dimension to fully cover the entire image.
ii) ART + TV3D method: TV3D was implemented to the entire space to get a reconstructed image in a single step.
A specific 3D phantom which roughly simulates a breast tomosynthesis image was designed to compare the reconstruction performances of ART, ART + TV2D and ART + TV3D methods in the sense of root mean square errors (RMSE) of reconstructed 3D image and a specific layer of interest (LOI). The visual perception assessment was done by means of structural similarity (SSIM) curves.
where Y shows the measured or observed data, X is the original image, A shows the system matrix which gives the data measurement process in the image and n is the additive noise. Consistency condition in (1) should be fulfilled in image reconstruction algorithms. Image reconstruction is an inverse problem which is based on estimation of X from the given Y and A. In (1), the system matrix may vary according to the imaging problem such as Fourier transform in MRI or Radon transform in tomographic reconstruction.
where Y shows the measured detector data, X is the image to be reconstructed, i and j are ray and voxel indexes respectively. M is the total number of rays and N shows the number of voxels. A, the system matrix, is formed by computing the length of the intersection segment of each voxel on each ray for all projections. Calculating the ray path for the 3D reconstruction is done by using Siddon's algorithm . The difference between the measured and calculated projection data is backprojected along each ray of the related projection based on the Siddon's coefficients. Error backprojection procedure is continued for all projections to finish one iteration. This iteration process is repeated until a convergence criterion is satisfied. However, the measured projection data in DBT is not sufficient enough to reconstruct an exact image due to the limited view angle.
T V 3 D X i , j , k = ∑ i = 1 K ∑ j = 1 L ∑ k = 1 M D x X 2 + D y X 2 + D z X 2 .
mi n X ∇ X 1 , such that AX = Y .
where, α is the regularization parameter which regulates the effect of TV inclusion to the objective function. In this work, the reconstruction is performed as two different parts:where X ^ is reconstructed image by ART.
An initial image is selected or assigned.
System matrix in (1) is calculated using the Siddon's ray-driven algorithm.
The measured detector data and the forward projection of the image are compared.
New image is obtained using ART (2).
The pseudo code for the ART + TV3D algorithm is shown in Algorithm of ART + TV3D reconstruction where S(x,y,z) and D(x,y,z) represent the coordinates of X-ray source and detector, Ds is the size of the detector, Ni, Np, Nr, Nv show number of iterations, projections, rays and voxels respectively and k is the voxel coordinate. Measured data is shown as Y. α is the regularization parameter in TV minimization step and ϵo shows the value for stopping criterion of TV. By using this algorithm, in the present work, two different TV methods were investigated called as TV2D and TV3D. In the first method, TV2D inclusion is applied layer by layer to cover the entire image. In the second method, in order to apply TV3D into ART, TV minimization step is applied to the entire phantom at once after the reconstructed image obtained at each iteration. There are several factors in the algorithm which may increase the speed of convergence and the efficiency of the optimization problem. The first one is the initial guess of the image. Prior image constrained algorithm was conducted better results than classical ART, CS and FBP . However the image registration needs to be taken into account in order to achieve a faster convergence speed. In this study, the initial image is chosen to be zeros. The second point is the stopping criterion of the iterative steps. The iteration is continued until the difference between two consecutive updated images is smaller than a certain value. The last item is to choose the appropriate regularization parameter in the objective function (8) which plays a critical role in the performance of TV minimization .
TV2D and TV3D have been extensively used in various medical imaging problems [11–14, 18–20]. Most of the studies have addressed TV2D in minimizing the total variation and only few studies have addressed TV in 3D manner. However their performance comparison has not been fully investigated. In our study, in order to observe the performance of three reconstruction algorithms used in DBT, a 3D phantom data was created and a tomosynthesis system was designed.
In the commercial DBT modalities, characteristics of DBT systems show differences in terms of several parameters, such as detector motion, X-ray tube motion, angular range, number of projections, source-detector distance, detector to the center of rotation distance, reconstruction methods and so on . Parameters of the designed system and phantom are shown in Table 1. One of the most important problems which directly affects the reconstruction quality in limited-view angle imaging is the angular range θ. In this study a range of 500 is considered with a scanning θ from -250 to +250. The number of projection is limited to 11 as the increment of θ is 50 for each projection. A single X-ray source and a virtual detector with a size of 81*81 pixels are used for the simulations. X-ray tube motion is step-and-shoot with a circular rotating detector.
Phantom with a size of 71*71*10 was specifically designed to demonstrate the most common overlapping tissue problem in tomosynthesis imaging. In this study, since our aim is to study if ART + TV3D has a superiority over ART + TV2D on limited view angle 3D image reconstruction in terms of reconstruction quality, the size of the phantom and the detector matrix we use are only chosen for the simplicity and to speed up the simulations.
The phantom consists of 10 layers in axial dimension which gives a closer match with real tomosynthesis imaging. There are some smaller objects with lower x-ray absorption rates located in the lower slices of the phantom. These small objects are obscured by objects with high x-ray absorbance in the upper slices of the phantom. 3rd layer of the image was chosen to be the LOI of the image due to its structure for the possible screening problem in 2D mammography imaging. The small square in the right side of the LOI represents an object with a very low x-ray absorption rate. In order to imitate the screening effect in 2D imaging a larger object with a higher x-ray absorption rate was located in the layers 7 and 8. Objects in the phantom or the phantom itself can be modified and extended for different purposes. The layers of the phantom used in the study are demonstrated in Figure 1.
Phantom layers (top left to right: 1st layer, 2nd layer, 3rd layer (LOI), 4th layer, 2nd row from left to right: 5th layer, 6th layer, 7th layer, 8th layer; 3rd row from left to right: 9th layer 10th layer).
In DBT imaging the out-of-focus-slice blur in the layer of interest is the most dominant artifact, thus the simulations are performed with noiseless projection data. The same reconstruction parameters have been selected for ART, ART + TV2D and ART + TV3D methods. An experience-based fixed regularization parameter α is set to 0.8 for ART + TV2D and ART + TV3D methods in our experiments. All simulations were performed in MATLAB® software. The system configurations which are used for the simulations are Intel(RM) Core(TM) i7-2630 QM CPU @ 2.00 GHz CPU, 6 GB Memory, Windows 7 64 Bits operating system.
Performances of three reconstruction algorithms were compared both qualitatively and quantitatively. For qualitative assessment, the visual observation was conducted and the structure similarity value which shows the visual quality was used. For quantitative assessment, RMSE values of the LOI and 3D image were compared.
In this study the projections were acquired from 11 view angles and the reconstruction algorithms were performed for 60 iterations. Figure 2 shows the results of the reconstruction algorithms for the LOI and 7th layer. Second column shows images reconstructed by ART. Compared to the original image the blur in images reconstructed with ART is apparent and in the 7th layer visible distortion makes the reading difficult. Compared with the reconstructed image by ART, reconstructed images using ART + TV2D and ART + TV3D (the third and fourth columns respectively) are significantly improved. Both ART + TV2D and ART + TV3D methods preserve the edges, however it is clearly seen in images reconstructed with ART + TV2D that the blur is still existent. In images reconstructed with ART + TV3D the noise is lower than the other two methods. ART + TV3D reconstructs images closer to the original images than ART and ART + TV2D.
Results of the reconstruction algorithms for the LOI and 7th layer.
where, X and Y are the reference image and reconstructed image respectively; xi and yi are the image index at the i-th local window in X and Y respectively. M shows the number of local windows. This equation calculates mean of SSIM values in all local windows. MSSIM values show much better consistency with the qualitative results. MSSIM values of the three reconstruction methods for the LOI are shown in Figure 3.
MSSIM graph of 3rd layer (LOI).
The best similarity is provided between reconstructed image and reference image at the value of 1. The overall SSIM values at 60th iteration are 0.8973, 0.9765, 0.9816 for ART, ART + TV2D and ART + TV3D respectively. In this sense, SSIM values for ART + TV2D and ART + TV3D show superior results compared to the ART reconstruction. Although the values for ART + TV2D and ART + TV3D are very similar to each other, the convergence speed of ART + TV3D is faster than ART + TV2D. ART + TV3D reaches to the value of 0.955 in 12th iteration while ART + TV2D can reach to that value in the 27th iteration. Thus, ART + TV3D shows better results than the other two reconstruction methods. Also notice that the SSIM curve for ART + TV2D shows fluctuations unlike the other two reconstruction methods because of the absence of neighborhood relationship in axial dimension. These fluctuations can also be seen for ART + TV2D in Figure 4a. Comparison of RMSE values of the methods for the LOI is shown in Figure 4a. The RMSE values at 60th iteration are 0.0327, 0.0212, 0.0198 for ART, ART + TV2D and ART + TV3D respectively. ART + TV3D gives better RMSE performance than ART + TV2D and much better RMSE performance than ART.
RMSE performance comparison of the reconstruction algorithms a) RMSE graph of 3rd layer (LOI). b) Total RMSE graph.
For further performance analysis of the methods, the total RMSE values of ART, ART + TV2D and ART + TV3D are compared in Figure 4b. ART shows the highest error value when it is compared to the other two methods. After 60th iteration, the error value for ART is 0.0433. ART + TV2D gives lower error value than ART with the error value at 60th iteration 0.0273. ART + TV3D shows the best performance as giving 0.0206 total RMSE value at 60th iteration. The error difference between ART + TV2D and ART + TV3D is slightly closer in Figure 4a than in Figure 4b. Increasing the number of layers in axial direction may also increase the gap in performances of these two reconstruction methods.
Though both ART + TV2D and ART + TV3D methods improved the results of ART considerably, ART + TV3D is preferred over ART + TV2D due to its faster convergence rate. Reaching an error value of 0.043 for ART can only be achieved at 60th iteration. The same value is achieved for ART + TV2D at 16th iteration and for ART + TV3D at 6th iteration.
The computational cost of ART is considerably much more than analytic image reconstruction methods. Thus, improving the speed and effectiveness of ART is crucial while keeping the computational time in reasonable levels. In this study, the reconstruction time spent for a single iteration of ART + TV3D is %1.8 more than the time spent for a single iteration of ART. Thus, implementing TV2D or TV3D with ART does not dramatically increase the time spent for the reconstructions while reducing the out of focus slice blur substantially.
Breast tomosynthesis imaging problem has been studied by implementing CS into ART in two different manners: 1) ART + TV2D: TV minimization step was done by applying TV layer by layer in 2D form along the axial dimension, 2) ART + TV3D: implementation of TV in 3D form to fully cover the phantom in a single step. The numerical results were conducted to compare the performances of ART, ART + TV2D, ART + TV3D by designing a breast phantom to simulate the overlapping tissue problem in breast tomosynthesis imaging. Results of this study demonstrated that including TV after ART in the reconstruction algorithm significantly reduced out-of-focus slice blur in the reconstructed images compared to ART. ART + TV3D provided better results than two other reconstruction methods both quantitatively by giving smaller RMSE values of the LOI and 3D images and qualitatively by generating higher MSSIM values. The computational costs per iteration for the tested methods were almost the same due to the simplicity of total variation minimization step. However, ART + TV3D provided the fastest convergence rate among all three methods. In conclusion, in tomosynthesis imaging due to high amount of missing data, improved reconstruction techniques need to be developed to have better reconstructed images. In this paper, it was shown that a 3D breast tomosynthesis image can be reconstructed much faster and less artifact-free with ART + TV3D method than ART and ART + TV2D methods.


text:
Catcher, Caught, my third novel, was released on December 28 and I immediately flew off to meet and greet the librarians in San Diego at their mid-winter national meeting. It's available in trade paper or Kindle e-book. It was an immediate best seller on Amazon as # 1 in For Teens/Death & Dying under Social Issues. More satisfying still, high school classes where The Catcher in the Rye is being taught have added Daniel's story and its 21st century issues to the discussion of the themes in Salinger's brilliant classic. Both boys are confronted with the adult world—its morality, its lack of honesty, its seeming hypocrisy—at a time when they're feeling isolated and overwhelmed, in the midst of the same confusion that all teenagers feel about love, family, and authority. It is my hope that Daniel's story will extend the reach of Salinger's brilliant classic to a new generation of readers.
Find current events, ever changing, above at the Upcoming Events tab or under What's Happening Now page from the BLOG tab. Links to other great authors and book blogs remain on the blog subpages, by scrolling down the right-hand column. As I work on Minding Henry Lewis, another river town novel about a drowning, I'm ever mindful that Daniel Landon rowed and swam on this river as he contemplated life and tried to figure out what the world had in store for him after the leukemia hit. The anniversary of Salinger's death last January 27 is a permanent beacon to me as a writer. Real people who read and think and talk about their place in the universe can open minds and hearts to that better understanding of what it means to be human. Let me hear from you about Daniel, Holden, Lacy, Rhue, and all the other family of Honenberger characters who I hope will live beyond those pages.
Available for Speaking Engagements
To schedule an author event with Sarah, contact her assistant Janey at editmore@hotmail.com.
Early praise for Catcher, Caught
National Book Award finalist in 2007 for Sold, Patricia McCormick, says this about Catcher, Caught:
"When you close the book on Holden Caulfield, you know he has the rest of his life to figure it all out. But Daniel Landon only has a year to live - and just as many questions. With warmth and pitch-perfect humor, Catcher, Caught follows Daniel as he leaps, feet first, into a quest for the meaning of it all. And when you close this book, you know at least one thing Holden never did. This book is lovely, heartfelt and well-crafted."
McCormick has five YA novels, including Cut, which sold over 400,000 copies. More at http://tinyurl.com/2fu3btn.
In The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger, renowned as a pioneer of the 'unreliable narrator,' created Holden Caulfied, a character instantly adopted by teenagers and adults alike as an authentic interpreter of the issues faced by young people. Salinger's influence remains today despite his withdrawal from the world and his refusal to publish new work after his retreat to New Hampshire in the 1950s. Read more about Salinger in Kenneth Slawensky's new biography JD Salinger: A Life and at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/29/books/29salinger.html?hp
In Catcher, Caught Daniel Landon reads The Catcher in the Rye the summer he's diagnosed with leukemia.
Isolated on a houseboat and terrified of dying before he's had a chance to live, he uses
Holden's analysis of the world as he makes his decisions about his own medical care, friendship, love and family.
The 17th Annual Virginia Festival of the Book 2011 authors and events are March 16-20, 2011. You can send a donation to defray their expenses for the cast of international authors who make the Virginia Festival one of the premier book festivals in the United States. Two panels not to miss: Illness as Narrative with Catcher, Caught and Caroline Leavitt's best-selling Pictures of You on Thursday, March 17, Noon at New Dominion Bookshop, with local Writer House President and writer Rachel Unfeker as moderator. I'll also speak at Beyond the Anthology: Blue Ridge Writers on Wednesday March 16, 6 pm at Northridge Library.
Other great literary festivals where I hope to be reading include South Carolina Book Festival on May 16-17, Brooklyn Book Festival, September 2011 and Fairfax, VA's Fall for the Book, September 2011. More author appearances and literary events at BLOG tab.
Other books with
Honenberger's stories:
Copyright © 2006-2009 Sarah Collins Honenberger
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text:
Q: Is it possible to install a package that contains only one component of Material-UI? Material-UI is a very big package and I only want to use one component of it.
Is there a way to install a package that only contains the component I want to use?
e.g.
use
import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';

But only have in your package.json something like @material-ui/core/Button.
The reason I want this is to have a small node_modules.

A: you can install each component of Material-UI via bit.dev collection:
https://bit.dev/mui-org/material-ui
Here is the Button component for example:
https://bit.dev/mui-org/material-ui/button
I exported the project to bit.dev and I'm trying to keep it up to date as much as possible.

A: You can install and use the isolated material components here:
bit.dev

A: Unfortunately, you can't install the separate components from the Material UI. The only way is to install the @material-ui/core directly.


text:
El districte de Leuven (arrondisement Leuven) és un dels dos districtes (arrondissements) en què es divideix la província Belga del Brabant Flamenc, a Flandes. Té una extensió de 1.168,83 km² i una població de 468.125 habitants (cens de 2006).

Municipis
 Aarschot
 Begijnendijk
 Bekkevoort
 Bertem
 Bierbeek
 Boortmeerbeek
 Boutersem
 Diest
 Geetbets
 Glabbeek
 Haacht
 Herent
 Hoegaarden
 Holsbeek
 Huldenberg
 Keerbergen
 Kortenaken
 Kortenberg
 Landen
 Leuven
 Linter
 Lubbeek
 Oud-Heverlee
 Rotselaar
 Scherpenheuvel-Zichem
 Tervuren
 Tielt-Winge
 Tienen
 Tremelo
 Zoutleeuw

Demografia

Brabant Flamenc
Lovaina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Introduction to the fundamentals of mining engineering and the profession. Prospecting and exploration concepts introduced including ore reserve estimation techniques. Underground and surface mining methods will be studied with emphasis to applications to given deposit types and spatial constraints. General mine plan, sequence of development and cycle of operations for each method evaluated along with required auxiliary operations and equipment.
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Individual work on some selected problem in the field of mining engineering. May be repeated for a maximum of six credits. Prereq: Consent of department chairperson and the instructor, engineering standing.
Optimization of mining systems and investment decisions based on the time value of money and the application of deterministic and stochastic models. Application of advanced features in spread-sheet programming for solving mine systems problems. Prereq: MNG 335 and Engineering Standing.
Principles of surface excavations designs related to quarries and mines; including orebody description, pit layouts and excess spoil disposal areas, stability of the slopes, material handling and surface drainage control. Surface mine planning and scheduling, equipment selection, cost estimating, optimization. Prereq: MNG 211, MNG291, MNG 331, Engineering Standing.
A study of mine power distribution systems, major power system components, and techniques of power system analysis. Topics include per-unit analysis; symmetrical component analysis; grounding, including ground-bed design, ground-resistor sizing, and ground wire monitoring; cable and transformer sizing; and load-flow analysis. Course may not be used to satisfy degree requirements in electrical engineering if credit is earned in EE 538. Prereq: EE 305 or equivalent and engineering standing.
Advanced theory and application of explosives in excavation; detailed underground blast design; specialized blasting including blast casting, construction and pre-splitting. Bulk systems for blasting, electronic detonators, and introduction to demolition blasting. Introduction to blasting research. Examination of field applications. Prereq: MNG 331, engineering standing.
Introduction to the principles of sustainable mine planning with a focus on environmental control system design, reclamation and restoration design, and environmental monitoring systems. Topics will include culvert and diversion design, hydrologic inputs, catchment delineation and routing, sedimentologic inputs, erosion control and best management practice selection, sediment pond design, design of silt fences, grass filters, and sediment ditches, weep berm and vegetated filter strip design, reforestation, grassland/wildlife establishment, stream restoration, wetlands/vernal ponds, environmental monitoring system design, and community integration. Prereq: MNG 291, MNG 463, and engineering standing or consent of instructor.
Computer methods applied to the design and analysis of mine ventilation networks; flow distribution, location and size of regulators and fans; evaluation of existing ventilation systems and application of correction methods to improve effectiveness of ventilation system. Prereq: MNG 341 with a C or higher.
Determination of the physical properties of rocks, rock mass classification, stress around mine openings, strain and displacement of the rock mass, rock reinforcement and support, stress interaction and subsidence, strata control. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours per week. Prereq: EM 302, MNG 303, GLY 220, and engineering standing.
Design a coal preparation plant by integrating unit operations preceded by certain back-up laboratory experiments. Cost sensitivity analysis of competing design schemes will be determined on a selected coal. Lecture: two hours; laboratory: three hours per week. Prereq: MNG 301 or equivalent, engineering standing.
Design of mineral processing plants including the associated unit operations; flowsheet development, unit selection, sizing and number, water/mass flow balancing. Prereq: MNG 301, 302; engineering standing.
First course of a two-part capstone design project. Emphasis is on ore reserve evaluation, development of a preliminary mine plan, design of auxiliary processes, teamwork, and oral and written communication. Minable reserves will be quantified and quality distribution assessed. An appropriate mining technique will be identified and implemented into a proposed mine design. Laboratory, three hours per week. Prereq: MNG 211, MNG 291, MNG 463, MNG 351, and engineering standing.
Students will undertake a major design project such as the overall design of a mining system, including design of major components of the system and economic evaluation. Students will write reports documenting this design, which will also be presented orally before a group of peers and invited experts. Prereq: MNG 332, MNG 341, MNG 551, MNG 591, and engineering standing.
A detailed investigation of a topic of current significance in mining engineering. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits, but only three credits can be earned under the same title. A particular topic may be offered at most twice under the MNG 599 number. Prereq: Engineering standing and consent of instructor.
A study of components and methods for providing protection to mine electrical systems. Review topics include power distribution arrangements, per-unit system, and symmetrical components. Course topics include sources of transients and faults, protective equipment, phase Overcurrent relaying, and ground fault protection. Prereq: MNG 511.
In depth coverage of instrumentation utilized for commercial/mine blast analysis as well as instrumentation used in blast mitigation testing. The course includes hands on operation of advanced instrumentation systems in a laboratory setting. Prereq: MNG 331 or MNG 531.
Planning, designing and redesigning the ventilation systems using computers; data acquisition (ventilation survey); non-steady state flow in mine openings; influence of the ventilation conditions upon the dynamics of the methane concentration; automation of the ventilation system. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, two hours. Prereq: MNG 341.
State of the art techniques in mineral beneficiation and their application in coal and mineral preparation industry. Prereq: MNG 301 and MNG 572.
Flowsheet modeling and analysis for coal preparation and ore dressing plants. Topics include unit models for comminution, gravity separation, and froth flotation; relevant techniques for solving systems of nonlinear equations; convergence acceleration techniques; sequential modular, simultaneous modular, and equation-solving flowsheeting frameworks; flowgraph techniques for analysis of certain classes of mineral processing circuits. Prereq: MNG 575.
A detailed investigation of a topic of current interest in mining engineering. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits, but only three credits may be earned under the same subtitle. A particular topic may be offered only twice under the MNG 699 number. Prereq: Consent of instructor.
Half-time to full-time work on thesis. May be repeated to a maximum of six semesters. Prereq: All course work toward the degree must be completed.
Half-time to full-time work on dissertation. May be repeated to a maximum of six semesters. Prereq: Registration for two full-time semesters of 769 residence credit following the successful completion of the qualifying exams.
Residency credit for dissertation research after the qualifying examination. Students may register for this course in the semester of the qualifying examination. A minimum of two semesters are required as well as continuous enrollment (Fall and Spring) until the dissertation is completed and defended.
Review of current research in specific areas of mining engineering. Required of all graduate students. Prereq: Graduate classification.
Individual work on some selected design problems in one area of mining engineering. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits. Prereq: Approval of the chairperson of the department.
Individual work on some selected problems in one of the various fields of mining engineering. Laboratory and field measurements, six hours. May be repeated to a maximum of nine credits. Prereq: Approval of the Director of Graduate Studies.


text:
module DhcpsApi
  module Reservation
    include CommonMethods

    # Lists subnet reservations.
    #
    # @example List subnet reservations
    #
    # api.list_reservations('192.168.42.0')
    #
    # @param reservation_ip [String] Reservation ip address
    #
    # @return [Array<Hash>]
    #
    # @see DHCP_IP_RESERVATION_INFO DHCP_IP_RESERVATION_INFO documentation for the list of available fields.
    #
    def list_reservations(subnet_address)
      items, _ = retrieve_items(:dhcp_v4_enum_subnet_reservations, subnet_address, 1024, 0)
      items
    end

    # Creates a new reservation.
    #
    # @example Create a new reservation
    #
    # api.create_reservation('192.168.42.100', '255.255.255.0', '00:01:02:03:04:05', 'test_reservation', 'test reservation comment')
    #
    # @param reservation_ip [String] Reservation ip address
    # @param reservation_subnet_mask [String] Reservation subnet mask
    # @param reservation_mac [String] Reservation mac address
    # @param reservation_name [String] Reservation name
    # @param reservation_comment [String] Reservation comment
    # @param client_type [String] Client type
    #
    # @return [Hash]
    #
    # @see DHCP_IP_RESERVATION_INFO DHCP_IP_RESERVATION_INFO documentation for the list of available fields.
    # @see ClientType ClientType documentation for the list of available client types.
    #
    def create_reservation(reservation_ip, reservation_subnet_mask, reservation_mac, reservation_name, reservation_comment = '', client_type = DhcpsApi::ClientType::CLIENT_TYPE_DHCP)
      ip_as_octets = reservation_ip.split('.').map {|octet| octet.to_i}
      mask_as_octets = reservation_subnet_mask.split('.').map {|octet| octet.to_i}
      subnet_address = (0..3).inject([]) {|all, i| all << (ip_as_octets[i] & mask_as_octets[i])}.join('.')

      subnet_element = create_reservation_subnet_element(subnet_address, reservation_ip, reservation_mac, client_type)
      modify_client(reservation_ip, reservation_subnet_mask, reservation_mac, reservation_name, reservation_comment, 0, client_type)

      subnet_element
    end

    # Deletes subnet reservations.
    #
    # @example Delete subnet reservations
    #
    # api.delete_reservations('192.168.42.42', '192.168.42.0', '00:01:02:03:04:05')
    #
    # @param reservation_ip [String] Reservation ip address
    # @param subnet_address [String] Subnet ip address
    # @param reservation_mac [String] Reservation mac address
    #
    # @return [void]
    #
    def delete_reservation(reservation_ip, subnet_address, reservation_mac, client_type = DhcpsApi::ClientType::CLIENT_TYPE_DHCP)
      delete_subnet_element(subnet_address, DhcpsApi::DHCP_SUBNET_ELEMENT_DATA_V4.build_for_reservation(
          reservation_ip, reservation_mac, client_type))
    end

    # Sets dns configuration for a reservation.
    #
    # @example Enable dynamic dns updates when requested by DHCP client
    #
    # api.set_reservation_dns_config('192.168.42.100', '192.168.42.0', true, false, false, false, false)
    #
    # @param reservation_ip [String] Reservation ip address
    # @param subnet_ip_address [String] Subnet ip address
    # @param enable [Boolean] enable dynamic updates of DNS client information
    # @param update [Boolean] always dynamically update DNS and PTR records
    # @param lookup [Boolean] Discard A and PTR records when lease is deleted
    # @param non_dyn [Boolean] Dynamically update DNS A and PTR records for DHCP clients that do not request updates
    # @param disable_ddns_updates_for_ptr [Boolean] Disable dynamic updates for DNS PTR records
    #
    # @return [void]
    #
    # @see https://technet.microsoft.com/en-gb/library/bb490941.aspx, set dnsconfig section
    #
    def set_reservation_dns_config(reservation_ip, subnet_address, enable, update, lookup, non_dyn, disable_ddns_updates_for_ptr)
      value = enable ? 1 : 0
      value = value | 0x10 if update
      value = value | 4 if lookup
      value = value | 2 if non_dyn
      value = value | 0x40 if disable_ddns_updates_for_ptr

      set_reserved_option_value(81, reservation_ip, subnet_address, DhcpsApi::DHCP_OPTION_DATA_TYPE::DhcpDWordOption, [value])
    end

    def create_reservation_subnet_element(subnet_address, reservation_ip_address, reservation_mac_address, client_type = DhcpsApi::ClientType::CLIENT_TYPE_DHCP)
      add_subnet_element(subnet_address,
                         DhcpsApi::DHCP_SUBNET_ELEMENT_DATA_V4.build_for_reservation(
                             reservation_ip_address, reservation_mac_address, client_type)
      )
    end

    def dhcp_v4_enum_subnet_reservations(subnet_address, preferred_maximum, resume_handle)
      resume_handle_ptr = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:uint32).put_uint32(0, resume_handle)
      enum_element_info_ptr_ptr = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:pointer)
      elements_read_ptr = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:uint32).put_uint32(0, 0)
      elements_total_ptr = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:uint32).put_uint32(0, 0)

      error = DhcpsApi::Win2012::Reservation.DhcpV4EnumSubnetReservations(
          to_wchar_string(server_ip_address), ip_to_uint32(subnet_address), resume_handle_ptr, preferred_maximum,
          enum_element_info_ptr_ptr, elements_read_ptr, elements_total_ptr)
      return empty_response if error == 259
      if is_error?(error)
        unless (enum_element_info_ptr_ptr.null? || (to_free = enum_element_info_ptr_ptr.read_pointer).null?)
          free_memory(DhcpsApi::DHCP_RESERVATION_INFO_ARRAY.new(to_free))
        end
        raise DhcpsApi::Error.new("Error retrieving reservations from subnet '%s' on '%s'." % [subnet_address, server_ip_address], error)
      end

      reservations_array = DhcpsApi::DHCP_RESERVATION_INFO_ARRAY.new(enum_element_info_ptr_ptr.read_pointer)
      reservation_infos = (0..(reservations_array[:num_elements]-1)).inject([]) do |all, offset|
        all << DhcpsApi::DHCP_IP_RESERVATION_INFO.new((reservations_array[:elements] + offset*FFI::Pointer.size).read_pointer)
      end

      reservations = reservation_infos.map {|reservation_info| reservation_info.as_ruby_struct}
      free_memory(reservations_array)

      [reservations, resume_handle_ptr.get_uint32(0), elements_read_ptr.get_uint32(0), elements_total_ptr.get_uint32(0)]
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Withersfield sits not far from the busy town of Haverhill in that little peninisula of Suffolk jutting out into Cambridgeshire and Essex. The pretty name of the village comes from the ancient practice of enclosing a large area for wether sheep (that is to say, castrated males kept for their wool) to roam fairly freely during the summer months. The prefix occurs three times in Suffolk village names, here, again at Withersdale in the far north, and also at Withermarsh in the south east. In all three cases, it is open ground near to a larger settlement.
St Mary is set in the heart of the village near to an ancient crossroads. The church begins a theme that will be common as you move east of here, for the stair turret rises above the battlements of the 15th century tower, which, with the dedication, will become a motif of the Stour valley. Seen from the road, the south side arrangement of battlements, clerestory and aisle appears the very model of Suffolk perpendicular. In fact, this is an illusion, for just about everything you see is Victorian, only the clerestory being medieval. Even the chancel was rebuilt at this time.
The oldest survival in the entire building, however, can be seen without even going inside. The door handle, with its two Harry Potterish dragons, survives from the 13th century church.
St Mary is most famous for its bench ends. They line the north ends of the south nave benches. The most easterly is the image of St George defeating the dragon, the serpent writhing in agony beneath the knight's horse's hooves. Among those to the west of it are a perky little mermaid, a pelican in her piety, a swan wearing a collar and two bears fighting amongs foliage. At the far west is St Michael weighing souls. A man kneels in the right hand bucket of the balance, and his sins are measured against him in the left hand balance in the form of a malevolent little creature. Although this image is familiar from medieval dooms, it is particularly interesting here. On the extreme left, the devil has appeared on the scene, and is holding the evil side up before letting it drop. Only the power of prayer will get the just man out of this, and so he clings tightly to his rosary beads. I wonder if post-Reformation Withersfielders took the image to mean that such Catholic ritualist practices as praying with a rosary would be bound to land a man in hell.
Pippa Blackall's characteristically lovely window of St Cecilia sits in the north aisle east window. Beside it, guarding the entrance to the Victorian chancel is one of the best 15th century rood screens in the area. The doors, a feature of this area, are similar to those at Cowlinge. Mythical and heraldic creatures haunt the spandrels, but there are no saints below for the screen was repainted in the rather gaudy fashion of the 18th century, at which time it was adorned with cherub heads and foliage. This ought to be awful, but somehow it works, although of course you wouldn't want it everywhere. Interestingly, this restoration of the screen might suggest that the chancel was in use for worship in the 18th century.
Another mystery is up in the roof of the nave. This was entirely reconstructed in the 1980s, but the hammerbeams survive from the medieval roof, and appear to be unfinished; a couple have figures on, but one has an unfinished figure, while another has curious markings and what may be the fixing for an angel.
There is nothing mysterious about the north aisle roof for this is a mellow, beautiful piece, with curious bosses including a man's face which is deliberately aslant, and an eagle. It dates from just after 1480, and the brass at the extreme east is for the donor, Robert Wyburgh.
The elegant tower arch rises above the font, and Miss Heylen's plaque claiming the front bench for Hanchet Hall in 1810. The typically rustic parish charity board is charming, not least because the parish name appears to have been painted out at some point, probably during the Second World War. Also, there is a great curiosity behind the south door. It appears to be an arcade capital turned into a holy water stoup. It must be earlier from the south arcade, removed when the aisle was rebuilt. Yet another sign that the Victorians' great enthusiasm for this place was all done rather well.


Abstract: In this study, we investigated the effects of variable Response-to-Stimulus interval (RSI) on sequence learning using both empirical and computational methods. In the empirical study, the serial reaction time task (SRT) was conducted which was followed by free generation and recognition tasks. Results showed that learning becomes explicit with increase in RSI despite its varying temporal nature. We constructed a computational model based on modified Elman network architecture to obtain a functional account of the empirical findings. The model illustrates how explicit learning could emerge due to a longer temporal window between stimuli which could potentially give insights into the mechanisms of sequence learning in variable RSI conditions.


Let's see your drifting skills on Mario Kart 64 at Saloon Door on our giant projector screen! Sign-up is FREE!
Beer & retro snack PRIZES for tournament winners! Sign-up and casual play starts at 6:30pm, tournament starts at 8:30pm! Tournament rules will be listed at the event.
Enjoy your favorite video game classics on NES, Super Nintendo, Sega Genesis and Nintendo 64 before and after the tournament!


A traditional Tibetan formula using sacred plants and roots from the Himalayas. Including fragrant inula and India Myrhh. Prepared by a Tibetan doctor according to strict traditions handed down over hundreds of years.


Published 1 May 1971 in Volume 5 No. 1. Subjects: Writer's research & sources, Marcus Clarke.
Cite as: Nesbitt, Bruce. 'Marcus Clarke, 'Damned Scamp'.' Australian Literary Studies, vol. 5, no. 1, 1971. https://doi.org/10.20314/als.f9c1bc9be8.