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Love Under the Lemon Tree
When aspiring travel photographer Beck decides to enter a prestigious photography competition, she heads to sunny Serenity island. Staying at the town's charming Lemon Tree Farm, Beck meets gruff but handsome owner Joshua, and the pair strike a deal: he'll help her discover the town's hidden gems if she helps with the farm's PR. Working together is no walk in the park to begin, but sparks soon fly when they discover they have more in common than they first thought… Could love be in the air, or will one big secret ruin the fledgling romance?
Genre: Comedy, Family, Romance, TV Movie
Director: John Murlowski
Actors: Anthony Coons, Casey O'Keefe, Maddison Bullock
Keywords:123movies 9movies Free gomovies gostream losmovie Love Under the Lemon Tree Online movie4k movietv primewire putlockers putlockertv seehd seehd.info shockshare sitename solarmovie Watch Love Under the Lemon Tree watch32 yesmovie
The Lost King
An amateur historian defies the academic establishment in her efforts to find King Richard III\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s remains, which were lost for over 500 years.
A Twofold Pregnancy
A woman gets pregnant with fraternal twins, one from her fiancé and the other from a former lover.
The American Way
A group of Vietnam vets disturbs television programs from a B-29 airplane. They want to sabotage Mrs Westinghouse's political campaign who is running for the Senate in support of US…
Woody, Buzz, and the rest of Andy's toys haven't been played with in years. With Andy about to go to college, the gang find themselves accidentally left at a nefarious…
Genre: Animation, Comedy, Family
Amidst her own personality crisis, southern housewife Evelyn Couch meets Ninny, an outgoing old woman who tells her the story of Idgie Threadgoode and Ruth Jamison, two young women who…
Alfred "Boogie" Chin is a basketball phenom living in Queens, New York, who dreams of one day playing in the NBA. While his parents pressure him to focus on earning…
Because of Winn-Dixie
A girl, abandoned by her mother when she was three, moves to a small town in Florida with her father. There, she adopts an orphaned dog she names Winn-Dixie. The…
Genre: Comedy, Drama, Family
Tales from the Darkside: The Movie
The first segment features an animated mummy stalking selected student victims; the second tale tells the story of a "cat from hell" who cannot be killed and leaves a trail…
Genre: Comedy, Fantasy, Horror, Thriller
Kaamelott – The First Chapter
Following the end of the acclaimed tv series, King Arthur will oppose Lancelot's army to get the throne back after his flee to Rome.
The New Adventures of Aladdin
A pair of losers working at department store plan to rob the place after it closes. When a bunch of kids show up begging for a story, the men launch…
Love Hard
An LA girl, unlucky in love, falls for an East Coast guy on a dating app and decides to surprise him for Christmas, only to discover that she's been catfished….
Zakir Khan: Kaksha Gyarvi
Zakir Khan is back, and this time he takes you down the memory lane by reminiscing about school, friends and everything that era signified for Zakir. Right from survival to…
Trailer: Love Under the Lemon Tree


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Countering Obama's Argument for Closing Guantanamo
By Jim Waurishuk
First and foremost, the simple argument that Guantanamo (Gitmo) is the number-one recruitment tool for radical Islam is false. The intelligence community does not support the idea of Gitmo used as a recruitment tool. If it were true, why would this White House want to transfer the detainees to super-max prisons in the U.S.? If so, wouldn't those super-max prisons then become the target and topic of radical recruitment? And if not, why not? Is there a difference? The detainees would still be held under U.S. control in U.S. facilities – the only difference is that they are being transferred and held at different location, now on the U.S. mainland.
The primary recruitment for radical Islam and its ideology is fundamental Islam.
The president's announcement was simply not factual, and it was and continues to be irresponsible. It stems from a campaign promise that he had no business making in the first place, as a candidate does not have access to the intricacies of such an issue.
In response to Mr. Obama's Four Points on Closing Guantanamo:
1. Safeguarding U.S. national security by coordinating with foreign countries to take on prisoners, and that Guantanamo is just as much a recruitment tool for terrorists, and moreover makes those nations accomplices and targets for radical Islamic terrorism.
A. Transferring prisoners to their home, or third party, countries without assurances is an equally a mistake and danger.
B. My experience as deputy director for intelligence at U.S. CENTCOM is that home or third-party countries will not guarantee anything if terrorist detainees are returned. Most terrorists will likely be released – there are no assurances that those countries will be compliant with U.S. wishes and will anticipate pressure from groups like the Muslim Brotherhood, ISIS, al-Qaeda, and other terrorist groups and entities.
C) No interrogation of jihadist prisoners on the battlefield by police agencies in Europe and by other intelligence sources has revealed that Gitmo is a recruitment tool. This is a fabricated argument put in play by the Obama administration and other nations and organizations sympathetic to Islamists. It is foremost a propaganda message, initiated by al-Qaeda and other radical Islamists to influence various political groups to pressure the U.S. government, primarily the Democratic party and the Obama administration, to release all detainees from Gitmo. Furthermore, it spurs Cuba, Russia, and other politically driven and international supporters to influence the White House and those members of Congress who support the president to close Gitmo and return the facility to the Castro government.
2. Identify prisoners that pose a threat. This is essentially an issue dealing with the "recidivism rate" of radical Islamists. This topic should really be discussed in a separate forum. However, it is worth mentioning that a jihadist who is captured and released has, per his culture, a responsibility to return to jihad. To do otherwise is to renounce Islam and incur total damnation, shame, and most likely death.
A. All detainees do pose a threat and were identified on the battlefield as such. Gitmo has been known as the Who's Who of Terrorists.
B. This is the only place where we can hold unlawful combatants, non-uniformed battlefield combatants, and enemies of the United States, as they do not represent a country. The Geneva Conventions apply only to uniformed combatants from sovereign nations.
3. Use legal tools to process those in the middle of legal proceedings.
A. Legal tools are and always have been in use.
B. Within the facility is a fully staffed United Nations office and a center for legal defenders to work.
4. Military commissions are costly, because the situation has been politicized by the White House.
A. These prisoners are not protected by the Geneva Conventions, as the conventions apply to uniformed members.
B. Bringing detainees into U.S. courts cannot apply, as the evidence used for those caught on the battlefield in Afghanistan and Iraq and other countries involved in the Global War on Terror cannot be used in civilian courts.
Other considerations:
Guantanamo Naval Base is more than a terrorist detention facility. It is an operational U.S. naval deepwater naval port facility.
The standard process to close an overseas base and transfer it back to the country to which it exists and is located is a five- to ten-year process. And that's the process for returning military facilities to allied nations. It requires a base closure commission and authority from Congress. It involves and affects multiple agency budgets and appropriations, coordination, international legal proceedings, etc. The U.S. has been there since the late 1800s, and as an official U.S. naval facility since 1903.
Jim Waurishuk is a retired USAF colonel and a 30-year career senior intelligence and political-military affairs officer. He served as a special mission intelligence officer for various special operations units and organizations; with the CIA's Asymmetric Warfare Task Force; as deputy director for intelligence for U.S. Central Command (U.S. CENTCOM); as a former White House National Security Council staffer; and as a former distinguished senior fellow at the Atlantic Council, Washington, D.C. He lives in Tampa Bay, Fla.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Multisystem Communications are proud to be providing the data and communications systems to Eastlake's new club underway in Gungahlin. The expansive Club facilities will consist of a bistro, including alfresco dining and indoor children's play area, entertainment lounge, 3 separable Function Rooms, gaming lounge and sport bar with TAB facilities.
The GeoScience Australia Building in Symonston ACT is currently undergoing extensive refurbishment to its' work areas, being staged over a number of months. The works include new floor coverings, internal painting and flexible workspaces that better take advantage of modern technologies and facilitate the ability for mobile working within the building. Multisystem Communications have been providing updated Category 6A data cabling to these work areas during staged phases designed to maintain a non-intrusive installation which allows employees to continue working in other areas of the building.
Multisystem Communications is pleased to be involved with the infrastructure upgrades being rolled out to some of Canberras Public Schools. With works occurring to Garran Primary School, Palmerston Primary School and Arawang Primary school just to name a few. Upgrades to Category 6A data cabling and replacement of Wireless Access Points (WAPS) to classrooms are helping to provide our students and teachers with faster connectivity and the ability to take advantage of new and changing educational teaching devices.


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Q4 2020 State of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at Plative
Earlier this year, we clarified our stance on the importance of treating the continuous honesty and improvement of DEI as an ongoing commitment to our people, clients, and communities as well as all future Plativites. We followed that up with a public plan of action with the hopes that it would keep us accountable to our people, customers, and community members to continue to advance equity and inclusion initiatives at Plative while encouraging and enabling our peers to do the same. Our people know that our firm impacts hundreds of thousands of lives either directly or indirectly and this is not something that should be taken lightly. We strive to be the leader and a role model to our communities by leading the way and forging an equitable path for all people in the workplace. I'd say that the team has made some amazing progress since we began publicizing our efforts that I want to share publicly with all of our customers, partners, candidates, and communities.
We created our V2MOM: Our favorite borrowed mechanism for organizational alignment
One of our major keys to success is deep alignment with our partners. One of our top partners, Salesforce, was able to grow to become a publicly-traded software company with 40,000 employees in only 20 years. Chairman and CEO of Salesforce, Marc Benioff stated: "While a company is growing fast, there is nothing more important than constant communication and complete alignment. We've been able to achieve both with the help of a secret management process that I developed a number of years ago". He is, of course, referring to the V2MOM framework which Salesforce employees and executives still use to this day to increase organizational alignment and foster more transparent and efficient communication.
We hope they're amenable to the Plative team borrowing their framework ?
Our DEI mission and vision
Like any business-critical initiative, we wanted to start by creating a mission that we could always refer to as our true north as a firm:
"At Plative, we strive to create an environment that celebrates diversity, embraces inclusion, and creates the highest equity standards for our people. Plative will create a workplace that develops and promote strategies and best practices to address gaps in representation for URGs, promotes work-life balance, and allows people from all backgrounds to have equal opportunities to succeed across Plative's global workforce."
Every initiative that comes about through this program will be done with our mission in mind.
Our DEI core values
Here at Plative, our core values are well documented. We proudly display them on all of our proposals, offer letters, and Plative-branded collateral because we believe that all decisions that we make, whether they be partnering with a client, onboarding a new hire, or entering into a new go-to-market strategy must be in line with our core values. We've approached DEI in the same way. Our core values for this ongoing initiative are:
Passion: We are passionate advocates for diversity, equity, and inclusion and we strive to create a workplace that champions DEI with all of Plative's stakeholders.
Commitment: Internally, we are committed to learning, measuring, challenging, and eradicating all forms of inequality at Plative. Externally, we are committed to standing up against inequality and adversity, regardless of the outcome.
Respect: We strive to create a working environment where all employees are listened to and valued, where we accept others without bias, where we treat all people with dignity, and where we value the collective power of teamwork.
Integrity: We behave with integrity and we follow moral and ethical principles in all aspects of life. We extend this integrity to all professional areas at work such as decision making, interacting with colleagues or partners, and serving our clients.
Acceptance: We act with unconditional acceptance, without bias and we provide a safe space to grow and learn without judgment.
We saw where we stand
We applied two of the same principles to spearheading this initiative as we do for our clients in improving their performance:
Establishing a 'current state' is of utmost importance, and requires absolute honesty.
What is measured can be improved.
Then, we enlisted the support of our own people who raised their hands to serve on our DEI committee to treat this as a discovery phase of an engagement. To accomplish this, we sent out a "State of DEI" survey to our people across the globe and analyzed the results. The results we received back were largely positive, but we wanted to use this as an opportunity to learn where we can improve.
Here's what we learned:
1. Women, parents/legal guardians, and those who speak English as a second or non-native language at Plative were slightly more likely to feel that their opportunities to succeed and grow within the organization is not as high as we need it to be.
2. Our people of South Asian and Hispanic descent are slightly less likely to state that they feel treated fairly as opposed to their colleagues.
3. Feeling or certainty of fair compensation is largely spread over all genders and ethnicities for a multitude of reasons and needs to be more straightforward and transparent.
4. All genders and ethnicities feel comfortable sharing contrary opinions.
5. People in a marriage or domestic partnership were less likely to state that they have a manageable work-life integration than their peers.
6. Age and gender are not significant factors in satisfaction with work-life integration.
Our plan of action
The responses were collected, analyzed, reflected on, and shared with all of our people to give everyone an honest accounting of where we stood and what we needed to improve. Then, the amazing Plativites who make up our DEI committee did what they do best: They came up with a long-term project plan with key assignments, milestones, accountability, and measures of success that were in line with our mission, vision, and values.
Immediate next steps
The project plan went into effect and immediately began with a few key developments which will go live in Q1 2021 here at Plative that I, for one, am incredibly excited to release to the company.
Stay tuned for more updates on our diversity, equity, and inclusion journey! For those who are interested in learning more or curious to see how they can get involved, please don't hesitate to reach out to me directly at greg@plative.com!


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Plaque in Peace Gardens, Albert Square. Erected by Dundee City Council, 23 February 1975. Rededicated, with supplementary plaque, by Jack Jones and Jack Edwards, 11 October 2008.
"The Madrileños heard the sound of steady marching feet; at first they thought that the Fascists had broken through the city's defence, but then they heard the sound of a song that was becoming more and more familiar to their ears, as the columns marched along Gran Via towards the front. The song they heard was a song of defiance, and international solidarity and comradeship. It was "The Internationale". The people listened and heard it sung not in Spanish, not just in another language, but in a variety of languages. The first of the International Brigades had arrived."
Michael O'Riordan (Irish volunteer)


A Trajetória de uma escola cooperada: do ideal cooperativista à realidade de mercado. As vicissitudes da participação de cooperados e professores.
This work is case study researches about the trajectory of a cooperative school of basic education, located in São José do Rio Preto, inside of São Paulo state. The study has raised possible reasons in order to explain why in a school of cooperativist proposal and organization and in which parents and teachers who are supposed to take part in this process don t act as expected. Theoretical references have been studied in the national and international literature about cooperativism, political- pedagogical proposal, school administration and market politics. The dissertation begins with a chapter about cooperativist ideology. It goes over the cooperative and the educacional center, political-pedagogic process. The third chapter analyses the statutary alterations, the exhaustion of the assemblies in the last chapter we measure the capitalism and middle class market interferencies and implications in cooperatives in general, especially in COOPEC school. It is concluded that the cooperative democratic administration is seen as threatened by the lack of cooperativist ideology in parents and teachers, the directory staff authoritarism, the market lack of confidence and the reorganization of public school network.


Brown keyhole scarf, making a great neck scarf with the stay-put "pull through" style. Hand knit in a textured stitch in a wonderful angora and merino wool yarn that is very soft with a light, fluffy texture.
Color is a natural brown with a warm undertone. Angora is very light in weight and also very warm due to the hollow fibers from the angora rabbit.
Note: angora can become statically charged causing the fluff to stand on end. You might feel it puff up in a static-y vehicle or when too close to a computer, etc.


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You are here: Home / Association, Organization, Not-For-Profit, Philanthropy / Grant Helps Launch New Guide Dog Camp for Teens with Visual Impairments
Grant Helps Launch New Guide Dog Camp for Teens with Visual Impairments
December 4, 2018 by Press Release
Palmetto, Fla. —December 4, 2018— Southeastern Guide Dogs announces that Charles and Margery Barancik Foundation has awarded a $50,000 grant to support a new Intro to Guide Dogs Camp to be held on the school's Palmetto, Florida campus. Plans are currently being made to finalize the camp with its launch and first session planned for March 2019.
The objective of the camp will be to provide an educational and fun experience for children ages 14 – 17 who are visually impaired and who may be interested in becoming a guide dog handler, and for parents and guardians. Teen campers and parents will stay overnight in the school's Barpal-Hirst Student Center during the three-day camp, and will experience simultaneous but different tracks, one for students and one for parents. As with all Southeastern Guide Dogs programs, there is no charge for participants.
Teens will be assigned a dog for each day and will enjoy hands-on activities such as walking with a trained guide dog in harness, practicing dog obedience, experiencing mock veterinary checks, playtime, and more. Parents, meanwhile, will learn about practical matters such as financial expectations for the care of a large-breed dog and evaluating whether their child is ready to take the next steps and apply for a guide dog.
"Over the years, we've often heard our students and graduates say, 'I wish I hadn't waited so long to get a guide dog; I had no idea it would change my life so much,'" says Southeastern Guide Dogs CEO Titus Herman. "By educating teens and parents sooner, we'll create a smoother, more direct path to the independence and freedom that a guide dog offers."
"Barancik Foundation strives to make a difference in Sarasota and beyond, and supporting this Intro to Guide Dogs Camp at Southeastern Guide Dogs aligns perfectly with our focus on educational and humanitarian causes," says President and CEO Teri A Hansen. "We're excited about this partnership and seeing this program grow."
About Southeastern Guide Dogs
Southeastern Guide Dogs transforms lives by creating and nurturing extraordinary partnerships between people and dogs. The organization employs some of the most talented and innovative scientists and trainers in the working-dog industry and operates the most advanced training facilities of any service dog organization in the world. Our experts train guide dogs, service dogs, and skilled companion dogs for people with visual impairments, veterans with disabilities, and children with significant challenges such as vision loss or loss of a parent in the military.
All of Southeastern Guide Dogs' services—which include selective breeding and expert dog training and conditioning; comprehensive on-campus student instruction; and lifetime alumni support—are provided at no cost to the recipients. The charity relies 100 percent on private donations and receives no government funding. Southeastern Guide Dogs has the distinction of being dually accredited by the two premier, global accreditation bodies: the International Guide Dog Federation and Assistance Dogs International. Learn more at www.GuideDogs.org.
About Charles and Margery Barancik Foundation
The Charles and Margery Barancik family has long believed in the power of philanthropy to shape our world and enrich the lives of all people. It was the expression of this belief that led them in 2014 to establish the Charles & Margery Barancik Foundation—a private, family foundation located in Sarasota, Florida. The Foundation creates initiatives and awards grants in Sarasota and beyond. The Foundation's mission is to promote meaningful changes in the areas of education, humanitarian causes, arts and culture, the environment, and medical research.
Filed Under: Association, Organization, Not-For-Profit, Philanthropy, Pet Services


What could be more special than capturing those first precious moments of your newborn? Well, I will do just that. With my simple and pure approach, using the best of both natural and studio lighting. I will capture those not to be forgotten moments.
You will see my love of colour and texture as I work through your newborn session. Using some of the most beautiful fabrics and props to bring out the beauty of your baby.
Once you book your session you will receive an information pack on everything you need to know about what to expect on the day.
If you think the newborn session isn't for you, how about a lifestyle baby session in your home? You can find out more about these photography sessions here.
Text 'Newborn' with your email address to 07968027862 and I'll send you an email with info and prices.


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The 2022 Korea Masters  was a badminton tournament that took place at Gwangju Women's University Stadium in Gwangju, South Korea, from 12 to 17 April 2022 and had a total prize of $180,000.

Tournament
The 2022 Korea Masters was the ninth tournament of the 2022 BWF World Tour and was part of the Korea Masters championships, which had been held since 2007. This tournament was organized by the Badminton Korea Association with sanction from the BWF.

Venue
This international tournament was held at Gwangju Women's University Stadium in Gwangju, South Korea.

Point distribution
Below is the point distribution table for each phase of the tournament based on the BWF points system for the BWF World Tour Super 300 event.

Prize pool
The total prize money was US$180,000 with the distribution of the prize money in accordance with BWF regulations.

Men's singles

Seeds

 Srikanth Kidambi (withdrew)
 Kunlavut Vitidsarn (withdrew)
 Kantaphon Wangcharoen (withdrew)
 Lu Guangzu (quarter-finals)
 Heo Kwang-hee (second round)
 Sitthikom Thammasin (semi-finals)
 Zhao Junpeng (first round)
 Parupalli Kashyap (withdrew)

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

Women's singles

Seeds

 Chen Yufei (final)
 An Se-young (semi-finals)
 Ratchanok Intanon (withdrew)
 He Bingjiao (champion)
 Pornpawee Chochuwong (first round)
 Busanan Ongbamrungphan (withdrew)
 Michelle Li (first round)
 Yeo Jia Min (quarter-finals)

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

Men's doubles

Seeds

 Ong Yew Sin / Teo Ee Yi (withdrew)
 Ko Sung-hyun / Shin Baek-cheol (quarter-finals)
 Pramudya Kusumawardana / Yeremia Rambitan (first round)
 Bagas Maulana / Muhammad Shohibul Fikri (quarter-finals)
 Leo Rolly Carnando / Daniel Marthin (first round)
 Liu Cheng / Zhang Nan (first round)
 Arjun M.R. / Dhruv Kapila (withdrew)
 Krishna Prasad Garaga / Vishnuvardhan Goud Panjala (withdrew)

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

Women's doubles

Seeds

 Lee So-hee / Shin Seung-chan (withdrew)
 Kim So-yeong / Kong Hee-yong (champions)
 Ashwini Ponnappa / N. Sikki Reddy (withdrew)
 Liu Xuanxuan / Xia Yuting (second round)
 Jeong Na-eun / Kim Hye-jeong (withdrew)
 Laksika Kanlaha / Phataimas Muenwong (second round)
 Vivian Hoo / Lim Chiew Sien (withdrew)
 Catherine Choi / Josephine Wu (second round)

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

Mixed doubles

Seeds

 Wang Yilyu / Huang Dongping (champions)
 Seo Seung-jae / Chae Yoo-jung (withdrew)
 Tan Kian Meng / Lai Pei Jing (withdrew)
 Goh Soon Huat / Shevon Jemie Lai (semi-finals)
 Ko Sung-hyun / Eom Hye-won (first round)
 Rinov Rivaldy / Pitha Haningtyas Mentari (second round)
 Adnan Maulana / Mychelle Crhystine Bandaso (first round)
 Chan Peng Soon / Toh Ee Wei (second round)

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

References

External links
 Tournament Link

Korea Masters
Korea Masters
Korea Masters
Korea Masters

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Linda and Scott were married in a civil ceremony on the lawn at The Vines Restaurant at Helens Hill Winery in the Yarra Valley. I visited Linda at her parents house and spent time shooting the girls getting ready and took some family and car shots. I travelled down to Helens Hill Winery after this to get some shots of Scott, the arriving guests and eventually Linda arriving in the Mercedes sports cars she and the bridal party used as transport.
After an emotional ceremony, we did some formal family and group shots, then headed off to the vineyard for some casual relaxed shots. There are plenty of lovely places around the grounds for shooting.
We headed back to the Vines Restaurant to reception, where I stayed to capture Linda and Scott and their bridal party be formally introduced. I took several mood shots of the guests and the room and ended my stay with them cutting their cake. A lovely day was had by all.


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import qctests.CSIRO_constant_bottom
import util.testingProfile
import numpy

##### CSIRO_constant_bottom ---------------------------------------------------

def test_CSIRO_constant_bottom():
    '''
    Spot-check the nominal behavior of the CSIRO constant bottom test.
    '''

    # nominal
    p = util.testingProfile.fakeProfile([0,0,0], [0,100,200], latitude=0, longitude=0, probe_type=2)
    qc = qctests.CSIRO_constant_bottom.test(p, None)
    truth = numpy.zeros(3, dtype=bool)
    truth[2] = True

    assert numpy.array_equal(qc, truth), 'failed to flag a constant temperature at bottom of profile'

    # inappropriate probe type
    p = util.testingProfile.fakeProfile([0,0,0], [0,100,200], latitude=0, longitude=0, probe_type=1)
    qc = qctests.CSIRO_constant_bottom.test(p, None)
    truth = numpy.zeros(3, dtype=bool)

    assert numpy.array_equal(qc, truth), 'flagged a constant temperature for an inappropriate probe type'

    # inappropriate latitude
    p = util.testingProfile.fakeProfile([0,0,0], [0,100,200], latitude=-41, longitude=0, probe_type=2)
    qc = qctests.CSIRO_constant_bottom.test(p, None)

    assert numpy.array_equal(qc, truth), 'flagged a constant temperature for an inappropriate latitude'

    # inappropriate depth difference
    p = util.testingProfile.fakeProfile([0,0,0], [0,100,100], latitude=0, longitude=0, probe_type=2)
    qc = qctests.CSIRO_constant_bottom.test(p, None)

    assert numpy.array_equal(qc, truth), 'flagged a constant temperature for an inappropriate depth distance'

    # not at bottom of profile
    p = util.testingProfile.fakeProfile([0,0, -1], [100,200,300], latitude=0, longitude=0, probe_type=2)
    qc = qctests.CSIRO_constant_bottom.test(p, None)

    assert numpy.array_equal(qc, truth), 'flagged a constant temperature not at the bottom of the profile'

    # don't run with only one level
    p = util.testingProfile.fakeProfile([0], [100], latitude=0, longitude=0, probe_type=2)
    qc = qctests.CSIRO_constant_bottom.test(p, None)
    truth = numpy.zeros(1, dtype=bool)
    assert numpy.array_equal(qc, truth), 'cant perform this check with a single-level profile'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


When it comes to nutrition, and health in general, we love to overcomplicate: juice cleanses, fad diets, meal replacement shakes, intricate food tracking, IIFYM, fasting, skinny teas… you get the picture. For some, these may be the answer. For most, they're a quick fix – without an actual fix.
I've been there. Trying excruciatingly hard to lose those last few pounds, feel better in shorts, or just feel better in general. I've turned to all sorts of diets and supplements without much lasting luck. Until I realized: when I stick to what I know, I feel good, perform well, and look my best.
Which is what I mean when I say, "Keep it simple." If you've been struggling with your diet or just don't know how to eat – get back to your roots (as a human being, not necessarily the ones you had growing up) and I can almost guarantee you'll experience results that last.
Plants = clean fuel and micronutrients. Eat more fruits and veggies. Fill in all the gaps with fresh food that grows from the Earth.
Water is essential. Skip the sugary drinks and put down the juice. 10,000 years ago people weren't sipping on Mountain Dew every day.
Less sugar is best. Want to go all out and rid your diet of sugar altogether? Good for you! But for those of us who have a powerful sweet tooth, just cutting back a little can make a big difference.
Fat isn't the enemy – but try to stick to the unsaturated variety when you can.
Carbs aren't the enemy either – your body craves this incredibly potent fuel. Just make sure you're reaching for the good kind.
Eat when you're hungry. Stop when you're full. Boredom can disguise itself as hunger so make sure you have a plan for when those cravings hit. Such as taking a walk, drinking a tall glass of water, or calling a friend.
Fewer ingredients are better. Usually.
If you can't pronounce it, you probably don't want to eat it. Usually.
Practice mindful eating. Eating in front of the TV, plugged into your phone, or honed in on any distraction can cause you to eat more than you intended. Plus, it's been shown that we taste less and enjoy food less when we're focused on other things while eating.
Eat a variety of foods. The more colors, shapes, and sizes, the better.
EAT WHAT YOU LOVE. Food should be enjoyed. Don't starve yourself or force yourself to eat things you simply don't like. I hate fish even though I know it's healthy. Do I force myself to eat it? Heck no.
There you have it. The only diet advice you'll ever need. KISS.


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Juliet Landau (* 30. März 1965 in Los Angeles) ist eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin.

Karriere
Landau ist eine Tochter der Schauspieler Barbara Bain und Martin Landau. Ihre Schwester ist die Filmproduzentin Susan Landau Finch. Als Kind zog sie mit ihren Eltern nach England, wo sie an der American School in London Schauspielerei und klassisches Ballett lernte. Im Alter von 18 Jahren kehrte sie mit ihren Eltern in die USA zurück.

Einem breiteren Publikum wurde Juliet Landau vor allem durch ihre Gastrolle als exzentrischer Vampir Drusilla in den international populären amerikanischen Fernsehserien Buffy – Im Bann der Dämonen und Angel – Jäger der Finsternis bekannt. Im letzteren Fall brachte ihr die Rolle eine Nominierung als beste TV-Nebendarstellerin für den Saturn Award im Jahr 2001 ein.

2010 feierte Juliet Landau ihr Regiedebüt mit dem Film Take Flight. Dieser ist eine Dokumentation über Gary Oldman, der sie darum bat ein "Making Of" für ihn zu übernehmen, was dazu führte, dass sie einen "einzigartigen Einblick in seinen kreativen Arbeitsprozess" bekam und somit die Dokumentation über ihn machte. 2012 veröffentlichte sie ihre erste Comic-Buchreihe in Zusammenarbeit mit Joss Whedon.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1990: Hart auf Sendung (Pump Up the Volume)
 1990: Grifters (The Grifters)
 1992: Parker Lewis – Der Coole von der Schule (Fernsehserie)
 1994: Ed Wood
 1995: T-Rex (Theodore Rex)
 1999: Millennium – Fürchte deinen Nächsten wie Dich selbst (Millennium, Fernsehserie; Folge: Forcing the End)
 1999: Nikita (La Femme Nikita) (Fernsehserie, Folge 3.15: Sarahs letzter Auftrag)
 1997–2003: Buffy – Im Bann der Dämonen (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
 2000–2004: Angel – Jäger der Finsternis (Angel)
 2004: Toolbox Murders
 2003: Strong Medicine: Zwei Ärztinnen wie Feuer und Eis
 2005:	Fatal Reunion
 2005–2006:Justice League Unlimited als Tala, Plastipue, Bernadeth, Rama, Kushna (Sprechrollen)
 2007: Hack!
 2008–2010: Ben 10: Alien Force als Helen, Natalie/Anodite Verdona, Tini (Sprechrollen)
 2011: Ben 10: Ultimate Alien als Fritz Natalie/Verdona, French Classroom Teacher
 2012: Die Avengers – Die mächtigsten Helden der Welt als Susan Storm/Invisible Woman
 2012: Criminal Minds (Staffel 7 Folge 19) als Catherine Heathridge
 2012: Green Lantern: The Animated Series als Drusa (2 Folgen)
 2019: Bosch (Fernsehserie, 3 Folgen)
 2020: A Place Among the Dead (auch Regie)

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website

Filmschauspieler
Darstellender Künstler (Los Angeles)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1965
Frau


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Maria Gorzechowska (1883–1961) was a Polish teacher, librarian and social activist.

Life
She was born 27 November 1883 in Siedlce, then in the Russian partition of Poland. Between 1900 and 1905 she studied philosophy and history of literature at the Flying University of Warsaw, she continued her studies at the Towarzystwo Kursów Naukowych and the Jagiellonian University (1910–1911). Simultaneously, in 1900 she started working as a school teacher in Warsaw and ran one of the libraries of the Warsaw Charitable Society (WTD). She also ran a number of illegal mobile libraries with Polish-language literature for the working class. In 1906 she became a full-time librarian at the Railway Library of the Warsaw-Vienna Railway. Between December 1911 and mid-1913 she worked for the Library Division of the WTD, and then until 1914 as one of the librarians in the Krasiński Library.

During World War I, following the German occupation of Warsaw in 1915 and the lift of the previous bans on using Polish language in the Russian-held part of Poland, she became the head person of the Library Division of the WTD. She oversaw the creation of a uniform network of scientific libraries in Poland. Since 1922 she also presided over the Public Library Society (Towarzystwo Bibliotek Powszechnych in Polish), established as an umbrella organisation for a number of Warsaw's libraries, including various reading rooms of the Library Society of Warsaw and 24 libraries run by the Public Library Society. She held that post until 1935, when all of the libraries under her care were taken over by the city of Warsaw. During her work she introduced many modern methods of library work, she also cared for training the library staff. During courses for librarians she personally taught history of literature.

Since 1917 she was an active member of the Polish Librarians Association (Stowarzyszenie Bibliotekarzy Polskich; SBP in Polish) where she took part in the works of both the Public Libraries Division and the Catalogue Commission. She retired in 1936. Following World War II she worked as a librarian for the Warsaw Medical Society (until 1958). Simultaneously, since 1950 she co-created the scientific library of the Medical Academy of Łódź.

She died 2 December 1961 in Łódź.

For her work in creating and strengthening Poland's libraries she was awarded the Officers' Cross of Polonia Restituta twice: in 1925 and in 1958.

Publications
She co-authored the "Minimal catalogue of books for children and youth" (Katalog minimalny książek dla dzieci i młodzieży; published anonymously in 1918) and the Basic catalogue of books for public libraries (Katalog podstawowy książek dla biblijotek powszechnych; 1922).

References

Polish librarians
Polish language activists
Polish women activists
1883 births
1961 deaths
People from Siedlce
Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Women librarians


Judges 17 is a warning to us who are covenant people and is relevant for today's culture. Many of us wonder at the moral decline in our culture, and often we blame superficial causes. But unless we dig deep and unearth the systemic disease that slowly but surely corrupts the foundations in our own hearts, we will continue to shake our heads in disapproval but continue to walk our own pathways of corruption. In this message, Dr. Betters describes how we can make good things statues on our own mantels and become deaf and sightless to the damage these deeply rooted statues are causing. But this is not a gloom and doom message. Because of Jesus, there is always hope when we identify root sin in our own lives, because there is forgiveness and grace.


In addition to providing course material necessary to provide members with educational credentials known as American Gem Society titles and designations, the Society offers a variety of continuing education to professionals in the jewelry industry and individuals with an interest in gemology, sales, and appraising.
The Graduate Sales Associate course is one of the most comprehensive sales associate training programs available in the jewelry industry. Course participants receive information on product knowledge, sales techniques, and success strategies. Upon successful completion of a proctored final exam, the associate is awarded a Graduate Sales Associate Certificate from the Jewelers Education Foundation of the American Gem Society.
The Practical Guide to Jewelry Appraising, authored by appraisal expert, Cosmo Altobelli, Certified Gemologist Appraiser of the American Gem Society, is the latest edition to deliver vital information that is relevant to every seasoned and novice appraiser.
The Advanced Personal Property Appraisal course is especially useful if you are interested in the field of personal property appraising. This three-part home-study course covers appraisal theory and the legal guidelines of professional appraising.
At the campus in Las Vegas, the American Gem Society hosts a schedule of gemological classes by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA). These classes are available to the public and are prerequisites for membership and titles from the American Gem Society. GIA Lab classes offered at our Las Vegas campus include: Diamond Grading, Gem Identification, and Colored Stone Grading. For information on class dates, contact agseducation@ags.org.
We also offer a quick and effective Colorvision Screening designed to evaluate color proficiency and identify any deficiencies. Colorvision screening is available to members and non-members alike throughout the year in a variety of locations - Click here for the AGS Calendar.


text:
HomeVineyard
The Regnard family acquired their first vines in 1791, shortly after the French Revolution. Today, the vineyard spans over 83 ha around the village of Trémont (Maine-et-Loire).
Gwenaëlle Regnard revitalised her husband's (François Regnard) legacy with her experience and determination to invest in the future.
"The world can't survive on a bowl of salad and a glass of water"
Antoine Poupard - from Anjou, Antoine has been responsible for the company's management and production since 2007. With over 10 years experience in France and overseas (South Africa and Australia), he has a fresh approach to the longstanding winemaking tradition, which accentuates the originality and uniqueness of our terroirs and wines.
"It is not complicated to do things right"
Johandie Poupard, Antoine's wife, is responsible for the sale of wines, both in France and abroad.
We have a dedicated team of 8 staff.
"Winemaking is the art of nurturing, understanding and revealing the terroir, through its expression in the wine - to inspire!"
Preparation and adaptation of the vintage according to the various climatic conditions, plot vinification, cold maceration in stainless steel tanks and temperature control are the basic practices to guarantee the expression of the different terroirs.
The art of blending reveals the vast and original ensemble of colors and aromatic hues.
Common sense, consistency, hard work and know-how are invaluable tools in our search for Excellence.
"To produce rosé is not a second choice"
Rosé wines represent 60% of our production. The terroir gives structure and depth, while the vines are meticulously prepared and cared for in order to produce grapes apt for the vinification of quality rosé. It's certainly the most delicate of wines to succeed. Everything needs to perfect to allow this fragile wine to boast its complexity. Rosé simply does not tolerate mediocrity!
"Anjou offers beautiful terroirs"
Anjou, with its 2 star varietals Chenin and Cabernet Franc, and the diversity of its soils, schist on one side and limestone on the other, has many faces to offer.
Over the last few years, the Domaine has launched new cuvées of Anjou Blanc and Anjou Rouge that combine tradition and modernity.
Every year, our wines are awarded in French and international Concours.


Another innovative High-Tech active ingredient developed by Sumitomo Chemical, Japan.
Using metered valve spray - each push delivers same quantity amount of anti-mosquito agent.
The nano & slow-release technology will deliver the micro-particle into the air, providing 8 hours "Mosquito Free" protection.
With just 4 pushes, the micro particles will spread around the room. Dispersal of the product may even reach inaccessible areas, such as under the bed or table.
The micro-particle technology that allows the anti-mosquito agent to last for 8 hours. It is effective in killing mosquitoes entering the room even after several hours of application.
For X'MOS, metofluthrin (SumiOne®) migrates to the surface of the particle and releases over a period of 8 hours. It slowly releases the nano molecules into the air. This enables X'MOS to guarantee insecticidal performance for 8 hours. The concentration of insecticide will slowly decline after 5th hour onwards.
What is the difference between the mechanism of action of X'MOS vs Conventional Aerosol Mosquito Repellents (CAMR)?
In X'MOS, the evaporative spread pattern of the anti-mosquito agent disperses throughout the room to kill mosquitoes.
In CAMR, the anti-mosquito agent falls onto the ground following spraying due to its inability to evaporate effectively, thus settling on floor surfaces.CAMR kills mosquitoes as long as the agent is in the air, therefore requiring a great amount of dosage and gas pressure.
What is the difference between the active agent of X'MOS and that of regular CAMR?
The anti-mosquito agent of X'MOS (Metofluthrin) and CAMR (prallethrin & permethrin) are classified as synthetic pyrethroids, inspired from natural insecticides contained in chrysanthemum flowers. However, the active agent metofluthrin in X'MOS has much higher vapor pressure so that it evaporates more easily in the air and does not leave any residue.
Why is the volume of X'MOS only 83 ml, whereas other aerosol repellents may reach 600 ml?
With 83 ml, X'MOS may be used up to 830 pushes of usage. With 4 pushes daily, it can lasts for 200 days. As the active agent can evaporate automatically, it optimally spreads out in the air without falling to the ground,thus no large volume is necessary.
For CAMR, the average 3 s spray it expected to lasts for 42 hours. In comparison, XMOS can lasts for 800 hours.
The product, like all pesticides, should not be applied directly to the skin. If accidental contact occurs, no significant effects is likely to occur apart from a possible slight tingling (paraesthesia).
Metofluthrin is has low acute and chronic toxicity. There are no special concerns for children or infants, however it is always a good practice to minimise exposure of infants to any pest control products.
Exposure to high levels of metofluthrin in animal studies was not associated with any significant reproductive or developmental toxicity, so there are no special concerns for pregnant women. However, it is always a good practice to minimise exposure to pesticides for pregnant women.
Metofluthrin is unlikely to cause significant effects to animals.


text:
Role of trehalose on antioxidant defense system and some osmolytes of quinoa plants under water deficit
Mervat Shamoon Sadak ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9658-78861,
Hala Mohammed Safwat El-Bassiouny1 &
Mona Gergis Dawood1
For scavenging reactive oxygen species, plant possess effective system that protect them from destructive oxidative reaction. Parts of this system as osmoprotectants and antioxidative enzymes are key elements in the defense mechanisms. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of foliar treatment of trehalose (Tre) with different concentrations (0, 0.1 mM, or 0.5 mM) in improving antioxidant defense system of quinoa plant under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions.
Drought stress caused significant increases in some osmoprotectants as glucose, trehalose, TSS, free amino acids, and proline. Meanwhile, trehalose foliar treatment with different concentrations significantly decreases in free amino acids and proline contents. More accumulation of the tested organic solutes of leaves (glucose, sucrose, trehalose, TSS) of the trehalose-treated plant in both normal irrigated and drought-stressed quinoa plants as compared with the corresponding controls. Treating quinoa plants with trehalose resulted in significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide contents, and LOX activity in normal irrigated and drought-stressed plants. These decreases correlated with significant increases in total phenolic contents as compared with untreated control. Different concentrations of trehalose resulted in significant increases in antioxidant enzymes. Maximum increase antioxidant enzymes were observed by treating plants Tre at 0.5 mM either under normal irrigation or drought conditions.
It could be concluded that foliar spray of trehalose was effective in improving quinoa performance by reducing hydrogen peroxide free radical and by enhancing antioxidant compounds (phenolics), compatible osmolytes, membrane stability, and antioxidant enzymes.
Quinoa as a newly introduced food crop can replenish part of food gap. It is considered as a multipurpose crop, and seeds can be utilized for human food, in flour products, and in animal feedstock because of its high nutritive value (Bhargava et al. 2007). Quinoa can grow in sandy soil of arid and semiarid regions in addition to its tolerance to salinity, drought, and other abiotic stresses which reduce crop production (Fuentes et al. 2012). Quinoa seeds was recognized as high-quality protein seeds, especially rich in essential amino acids, minerals, carbohydrates, antioxidant compounds as α-&γ-tocopherol, carotenoids, flavonoids, riboflavin, thiamine, vitamin C, folic acid, and dietary fiber, compared to that of cereals such as corn, oat, rice, and wheat (Repo-Carrasco-Valencia and Serna 2011). Quinoa crop was chosen by FAO as one of the important crops which play major role in food security assuring in the twenty-first century due to its high nutritional value and its good tolerance to adverse climatic conditions. Also, because this crop can grow in sandy soil of arid and semiarid regions, it can be used to replenish part of the food gap.
Water deficiency which is often linked with other major abiotic stress such heat stress, salinity stress, etc. is considered as one of the primary factors responsible for crop productivity reduction (Dawood and Sadak 2014). Water shortage caused adverse effect on plants via reduced growth, nutrient acquisition reduction, and modulation, in water status of plants (Sadak 2016b). Protoplasma dehydration increases cellular electrolytes concentrations which cause substantial disturbance in a variety of metabolic reactions in the cell (Mahajan and Tuteja 2005). The reduction of photosynthetic efficiency and stomatal conductance, RuBisCo activity inhibition, and energy balance disruption and distribution during photosynthesis (Demirevska et al. 2010) cause increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under water deficient stress (Hasanuzzaman et al. 2014). Plants have evolved protective mechanisms to perceive and respond rapidly to the adverse environmental cues (Demirevska et al. 2010). These metabolic adaptations that improve plant tolerance to osmotic or water stress involve an increased synthesis of osmoprotectants as free amino acids, proline, and soluble sugars. Compatible osmolytes not only contribute to osmoregulation but they may also protect the structure of different biomolecules and membranes or act as free-radical scavengers that protect DNA from damaging effects of ROS (Ashraf and Foolad 2007). Phenolic compounds accumulation also plays an important role in scavenging free radicals and protects plants against the damaging effects of increased ROS levels due to water stress (Petridis et al. 2012). Moreover, to reduce oxidative damage resulting from water deficiency, plants have developed different adaptive mechanisms, via the biosynthesis of a cascade of antioxidants. Antioxidant defense system enhancement is an important strategy to scavenge ROS by antioxidant enzyme such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), ascorbate reductase (AR), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and with non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), carotenoids, flavanones, and anthocyanins (Hasanuzzaman et al. 2014).
Egypt presents a typical example of the drought problem faced in some arid regions. There is a critical need to balance water availability, water requirements, and water consumption. Thus, water conserving is becoming a crucial consideration for agriculture. To bridge the gap between different crop production and consumption, increasing and exploiting production of crops in these areas are necessary. So, application of osmoprotectants, as trehalose was found to extent positive effect of plant growth which overcomes the harmful effect of some environmental stress such as drought. Trehalose (Tre) is a non-reducing disaccharide of glucose that stabilizes biological structures and macromolecules such as membrane lipids and proteins during abiotic stresses (Luo et al. 2010). Exogenous treatment of trehalose is transported by leaf or root cells to different cells and displays significant roles as osmoprotectant (Luo et al. 2010). Trehalose is distributed widely among different biological systems: bacteria, fungi, and lower and higher plants (Elbein et al. 2003). During a biotic stress, trehalose does not function directly in alleviation of stress; it may act as a signal molecule. Thus the aim of the present work was to improve drought tolerance of quinoa plants grown under newly reclaimed sandy soil by exogenous application of different concentrations of trehalose.
Plant material and growth conditions
A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of National Research Centre, Nubaria district Beheira Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The soils of both experimental sites were reclaimed sandy soil where mechanical and chemical analysis is reported in Table 1 according to Chapman and Pratt (1978).
Table 1 Mechanical and chemical analysis of the experimental soil sites
Seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Quinoa 1 cultivar was obtained from Agricultural Research Centre Giza, Egypt. The experimental design was split-plot with four replications. The main plots were devoted to the irrigation treatments, while the trehalose concentrations treatments were randomly occupied the sub-plots. Quinoa seeds were sown on October in both seasons at the rate of 3 kg/faddan (one faddan = 0.42 ha) in rows 3.5 m long, and the distance between rows was 20 cm apart. Plot area was 10.5 m2 (3.0 m in width and 3.5 m in length). The recommended agricultural practices of growing quinoa were applied. Pre-sowing 150 kg/feddan of calcium super-phosphate (15.5% P2O5) was applied to the soil. Nitrogen was applied after emergence in the form of ammonium nitrate 33.5% at a rate of 75 kg/feddan in five equal doses before the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th irrigation. Potassium sulfate (48.52% K2O) was added in two equal doses of 50 kg/feddan, before the 1st and 3rd irrigations. Irrigation was carried out using the new sprinkler irrigation system where water was added every 5 days. Trehalose foliar treatment consisted of three levels of trehalose namely 0 mM (control), 0.1 mM, and 0.5 mM considered as Tre0, Tre1, and Tre2 respectively. Drought stress including normal irrigation (D0) and skipping two irrigation times (D1). Different trehalose treatments were carried out twice, where plants were sprayed after 30 and 45 days from sowing. Skipping the irrigation at 50 and 60 days after sowing. Plant samples were taken after 75 days from sowing for estimation of some biochemical parameters in leaves of plant such as carbohydrate constituents (glucose, sucrose, trehalose, total soluble sugars, and starch), proline, total free amino acid, phenolic contents, as well as hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2), lipid peroxidation lipoxygenase (LOX), and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)).
Biochemical analysis
Determination of glucose
Glucose estimations were performed using a modification of O-toluidine procedure (Feteris 1965). Sugars were extracted by overnight submersion of dry tissue in 80% (v/v) ethanol at 25 °C with periodic shaking. A 1.0 ml aliquot of the alcoholic extract was heated with 5.0 ml O-toluidine reagent (60 ml O-toluidine and 2.0 g thiourea made to 1 L with glacial acetic acid) for 15 min at 97 °C. Absorbance was measured at 630 nm.
Determination of sucrose
Sucrose contents were determined by first degrading reactive sugars present in 0.1 ml extracts with 0.1 ml 5.4 N KOH at 97 °C for 10 min (Handel 1968). Three milliliters of freshly prepared anthrone reagent were then added to the cooled reaction product, and the mixture was heated at 97 °C for 5 min, cooled, and read at 620 nm.
Determination of trehalose
Trehalose content in the quinoa leaves was determined following the method described by Li et al. (2014) with some modifications. The leaves (1.0 g) were homogenized in 5 ml of 80% (v/v) hot ethanol and centrifuged at 11,500×g for 20 min. The supernatants were dried at 80 °C followed by resuspension in 5 ml distilled water. The solution (100 μl) was mixed with 150 μl 0.2 N H2SO4 and boiled at 100 °C for 10 min to hydrolyze any sucrose or glucose-1-phosphate, etc., and then chilled on ice. NaOH (0.6 N, 150 μl) was added to the above mixture and boiled for 10 min to destroy reducing sugars, and then chilled again. To the above mixture, 2.0 ml of anthrone reagent (0.2 g anthrone per 100 ml of 95% H2SO4) was added and boiled for 10 min to develop a color, and then chilled again. The absorbance was recorded at 630 nm, and trehalose concentration was calculated as micromoles per gram FW using a standard curve developed with commercial trehalose.
Determination of total soluble sugars
Total soluble sugars (TSS) were extracted by overnight submersion of dry tissue in 10 ml of 80% (v/v) ethanol at 25 °C with periodic shaking, and centrifuged at 600×g. The supernatant was evaporated till completely dried then dissolved in a known volume of distilled water to be ready for determination of soluble carbohydrates (Homme et al. 1992). TSS were analyzed by reacting of 0.1 ml of ethanolic extract with 3.0 ml freshly prepared anthrone (150 mg anthrone + 100 ml 72% H2SO4) in boiling water bath for 10 min and reading the cooled samples at 625 nm using Spekol SpectrocololourimeterVEB Carl Zeiss (Yemm and Willis 1954).
Determination of starch
For starch measurement, the insoluble fraction remaining after ethanolic extraction of soluble sugars was resuspended in 2 ml of 2.5 M NaOH and boiled for 5 min. After cooling the solution, pH was adjusted to pH 4.5 with 2 M HCl, and the resulting gelatinized starch was hydrolyzed 10 min at 50 °C with buffered (0.1 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.5). After this process, starch was measured as reducing sugars by Nelson's method (Nelson, 1944) and expressed in maltose equivalents.
Determination of proline
Proline was assayed according to the method described by Bates et al. (1973). Then, 2.0 ml of proline extract, 2.0 ml of acid ninhydrin, and 2.0 ml of glacial acetic acid were added and incubated for 1 h in a boiling water bath followed by an ice bath. The absorbance was measured at 520 nm using Spekol Spectrocololourimeter VEB Carl Zeiss. A standard curve was obtained using a known concentration of authentic proline.
Determination of free amino acids
Free amino acid content was extracted according to the method described by Vartainan et al. (1992). Free amino acid was determined with the ninhydrin reagent method (Yemm and Cocking 1955). Further, 1.0 ml acetate buffer (pH 5.4) and 1.0 ml chromogenic agent were added to 1.0 ml free amino acid extraction. The mixture was heated in boiling water bath for 15 min. After cooled in tap water, 3 ml ethanol (60% v/v) was added. The absorbance at 570 nm was then monitored using Spekol Spectrocololourimeter VEB Carl Zeiss.
Determination of phenolic contents
A known weight of the fresh samples was taken and extracted with 85% cold methanol (v/v) for three times at 0 °C. The combined extracts were collected and made up to a known volume with cold methanol. And then 0.5 ml of the extraction was added to 0.5 ml Folin reagent, shaked, and allowed to stand for 3 min. Then 1 ml of saturated sodium carbonate was added to each tube followed by distilled water shaken and allowed to stand for 60 min. The optical density was determined at wave length of 725 nm using spectrophotometer as described by Danil and George (1972).
Determination of lipid peroxidation
The level of lipid peroxidation was measured by determining the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) content using the method of Hodges et al. (1999). A sample (200 mg) was homogenized in 10 ml of 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The homogenate was centrifuged at 15,000×g for 10 min to 2.0 ml aliquot of the supernatant 4.0 ml of 0.5% thiobarbituric acid (TBA) in 20% TCA was added. The mixture was heated at 95 °C for 30 min and then quickly cooled in an ice bath and centrifuged at 10,000×g for 10 min, then the absorbance of supernatant was recorded at 532 nm by spectrophotometer (Shimadzu). The value for non-specific absorption at 600 nm was subtracted. The MDA content was calculated using its absorption coefficient of 155 nmol−1 cm−1 and expressed as nmol (MDA) g−1 fresh weight.
Assay of enzymes activities
Enzyme extracts were collected following the method described by Chen and Wang (2006). Leaf tissues were homogenized in ice-cold phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.8), followed by centrifugation at 8000 rpm and 4-C for 15 min. The supernatant was used immediately to determine the activities of enzymes.
Lipoxygenase activity
Lipoxygenase (LOX) (EC 1.13.11.12) activity was estimated according to the method of Doderer et al. (1992) by monitoring the increase in absorbance at 234 nm using linoleic acid as a substrate. The activity was calculated using the extinction coefficient (25 mM−1 cm−1) and express as units (1 nmol of substrate oxidized per minute) per mg protein.
Peroxidase activity
Peroxidase (POX) (EC 1.11.1.7) activity was assayed by the method of Kumar and Khan (1982). The reaction mixture used for estimating the peroxidase enzyme (POX) contained 2 ml of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), 1 ml of 0.01 M pyrogallol, 1 ml of 0.005 M H2O2, and 0.5 ml of the enzyme extract. The solution was incubated for 5 min at 25 °C after which the reaction was terminated by adding 1 ml of 2.5 N H2SO4. The amount of purpurogallin formed was determined by measuring the absorbance at 420 nm against a reagent blank prepared by adding the extract after the addition of 2.5 N H2SO4 at the zero time.
Superoxide dismutase activity
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.12.1.1) activity was spectrophotometrically assayed at 560 nm by nitro-blue-tetrazolium (NBT) reduction method (Chen and Wang 2006). The reaction mixture (3 ml) contained 150 μ riboflavin (13 μM), 2.5 ml methionine (13 μM), 250 μ NBT (63 μM), 50 μ phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.8), and 50 μ enzyme extract. One unit of SOD activity was defined as the amount of enzyme protein required for inhibition of the 50% reduction of NBT.
Catalase activity
Catalase (CAT) (EC 1.11.1.6) activity was determined spectrophotometrically by following the decrease in absorbance at 240 nm (Chen and Wang 2006). The mixture (3 ml) contained 1.9 ml phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.0), 100 μl enzyme extract, and 1 ml 0.3% H2O2. The reaction was initiated by adding enzyme extract. One unit of CAT activity was defined as the 0.01 deduction in absorbance at 240 nm per minute. The enzyme activities were calculated by Kong et al. (1999).
Ascorbate peroxidase activity
Ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) activity was determined as described by Nakano and Asada (1987). The reaction mixture (1 ml) contained 50 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.0), 1.2% sucrose, 1 mM hydrogen peroxide, 0.5 mM ascorbate, and 10 mM 3-aminotriazole (an inhibitor of catalase). The hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of ascorbate was followed by monitoring the decrease in absorbance at 290 nm, using the extinction coefficient of 2.8 mM cm−1.
The analysis of variance procedure of split-plot design according to Snedecor and Cochran (1990), treatments means were compared using Duncan (1955) test at 5% of probability. Combined analysis of the two growing seasons was carried out.
Carbohydrate constituents
Glucose, sucrose, trehalose, TSS, and starch contents of quinoa leaves in response to treatment of quinoa plants with different concentrations of trehalose under drought stress are presented in Fig. 1. Data clearly show that skipping irrigation at 50 and 60 days after sowing increased significantly glucose, trehalose, total soluble sugars, and starch contents of quinoa leaves as compared with those irrigated normally (control plants); meanwhile, sucrose contents decreased. More accumulation of the tested organic solutes of leaves of the trehalose-treated plant in both normal irrigated and drought stressed quinoa plants.
Effect of trehalose (Tre1, 0.1 mM and Tre2, 0.5 mM) on carbohydrates constituents (TSS, glucose, sucrose, starch mg/g DW and trehalose μg/g FW) of quinoa plant under drought stress (at 75 days from sowing). Each value represents the mean ± standard error (n = 3). Means with different letters above bars were significantly different at the 0.05 level according to Duncan's multiple range test
Changes in proline and free amino acid contents
Data clearly show that treatments with different concentrations of trehalose on quinoa plant under normal and drought stress are presented in Fig. 2. Skipping two irrigation times at 50 and 60 days after sowing caused significant increases in proline and free amino acids of quinoa leaves as compared with normal irrigated plants (control). Meanwhile, foliar treatment of different concentrations of trehalose 0.1 mM and 0.5 mM (Tre1 or Tre2) decreased significantly and gradually proline and free amino acid contents.
Effect of trehalose (Tre1, 0.1 mM and Tre2, 0.5 mM) on proline, free amino acids and phenolic contents (mg/100 g DW) of quinoa plant under drought stress (at 75 days from sowing). Each value represents the mean ± standard error (n = 4). Means with different letters above bars were significantly different at the 0.05 level according to Duncan's multiple range test
Changes in phenolic contents
Data presented in Fig. 2 showed the effect of different concentrations of trehalose treatment on quinoa plant under drought stress. Drought stress (D1) caused significant increases in phenolic contents relative to control plant (D0 Tre0). Trehalose foliar treatment with different concentrations (Tre1 and Tre2) in normal irrigation caused more significant increases in phenolic content as compared with control plant (D0 Tre0). Then, 0.5 mM trehalose was more effective than 0.1 mM trehalose in improving phenolic contents.
The level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) upon drought stress is presented in (Fig. 3), H2O2 level sharply increased in quinoa leaves. The H2O2 level increased by 43% in the D1 drought stress plants compared with the control plants (D0). Trehalose foliar treatment decreased significantly the level of H2O2 in the normal irrigated plants and drought compared with the corresponding control.
Effect of trehalose (Tre1, 0.1 mM and Tre2, 0.5 mM) on H2O2, MDA contents (n mol/g fw) of quinoa plant under drought stress (at 75 days from sowing) Each value represents the mean ± standard error (n = 3). Means with different letters above bars were significantly different at the 0.05 level according to Duncan's multiple range test
Lipid peroxidation
The effect of trehalose foliar treatment on quinoa plants grown under drought stress are presented in (Fig. 3). Drought stress induced oxidative damage, assessed by increasing in lipid peroxidation in the tested quinoa plant (Fig. 3) as compared with unstressed control plants. Moreover, gradual decreases in lipid peroxidation by trehalose foliar treatment with different concentrations (Tre1 and Tre2) as compared with the corresponding control in normal and stressed plants.
Enzyme activities
Lipoxygenase activities in quinoa leaves were increased by 141% under drought stress (D1) compared to non-stress control (D0) Fig. 4. In non-stressed plants, trehalose treatment had no significant effect on LOX activity. Regarding to trehalose treatment combined with drought treatment (Fig. 4), LOX enzyme activity decreased gradually and significantly as compared with their corresponding control.
Effect of trehalose (Tre1, 0.1 mM and Tre2, 0.5 mM) on LOX activity (nmol/g FW) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POX, and APX) (U/min/gFW) of quinoa plant under drought stress (at 75 days from sowing); each value represents the mean ± standard error (n = 3). Means with different letters above bars were significantly different at the 0.05 level according to Duncan's multiple range test
Antioxidant enzymes
Activities of various antioxidant enzymes in drought-stressed and trehalose foliar-treated plants are presented in (Fig. 4). Drought stress by skipping irrigation caused significant increases in SOD, POX, and APX, but CAT activity significant decreased. Trehalose foliar treatment with different concentrations Tre1 and Tre2 increased plant tolerance to stress via significant increases in SOD, CAT, POX, and APX activities as compared with D0 and D1. Further, 0.5 mM trehalose was more effective than 0.1 mM in increasing enzyme activities of quinoa plants.
Carbohydrates constituents
Regarding carbohydrates constituents of quinoa leaves treated with trehalose different concentrations and grown under drought stress (Fig. 1). Data show accumulation of different carbohydrates constituents as glucose sucrose, trehalose, TSS, and starch contents. Although accumulation of high soluble sugar levels have also been demonstrated in shoots of different plant species under drought stress conditions (Bakry et al. 2012 and Dawood and Sadak 2014). Increased levels of soluble sugars in drought-stressed plants may help in turgor upkeeping and cellular membrane stabilization (Hosseini et al., 2014). This increases of soluble sugars is a response of plants to drought stress that has been widely reported despite the decrease in net CO2 assimilation rate (Murakeozy et al. 2003). In addition, soluble sugars may act as ROS scavengers to improve membrane stabilization (Hosseini et al. 2014).
During plant development, trehalose could play an important role in regulating carbohydrate allocation, as Tre acting as soluble sugars in quinoa leaves and its function is an osmoprotectant under water deficit-induced stresses. The present study show that in quinoa leaves, trehalose accumulation is concomitant with increasing sucrose level under normal and skipped irrigation (Fig. 1). Garg et al. (2007) confirmed these obtained results. The indirect effect of Tre on carbohydrate metabolism may be via conversion and utilization of other sugars and interfering with photosynthetic capacity (Ranwala and Miller 2009). Application of trehalose induced an additive stimulatory effect on the accumulation of trehalose contents in the drought plants. These results are in good agreements with those obtained by Ma et al. (2013). The improving effect of trehalose may be due to its physicochemical properties that stabilize dehydrated enzymes, proteins, and lipid membranes, as well as protect structures from damage during desiccation (Fernandez et al. 2010). Also, Tre involved in gene detoxification and response to stress as it acts as gene elicitor (Bae et al. 2005).
In the present study, the starch content increased in quinoa plant normal irrigated and drought stressed in response to trehalose corresponding control and consequence of trehalose accumulation (Fig. 1). Bae et al. (2005) reported that in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, starch was threefold greater in trehalose-treated plants than in the control. The increase in the level of sucrose, trehalose, and total soluble sugar (Fig. 1) may be linked to the changes in starch content. Accumulation of starch in quinoa leaves may be a protective mechanism as it is an important component of plant cells and its increases in leaves as a reserve form of carbon (Mishra and Prakash 2010). The increases in starch by trehalose treatment might be due to increased activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a major enzyme controlling starch synthesis in Arabidopsis (Bae et al. 2005).
Changes in proline and free amino acids
In the present work, water-deficient stress caused significant increases of proline and free amino acids, whereas decreased by trehalose application (Fig. 2). Accumulation of compatible osmolytes high concentrations causing the osmotic adjustment in plants under drought stress. Proline has vital roles in osmotic adjustment, stabilization, and protection of enzymes, proteins, and membranes (Ashraf and Foolad 2007) from damaging effects of drought-osmotic stresses. Also, reducing oxidation of lipid membranes (Demiral and Türkan 2004). Trehalose addition with drought stress reduced proline and free amino acids levels in quinoa plant (Fig. 2). Prevention of extra proline biosynthesis due to exogenous trehalose addition under drought stress suggests that trehalose prevented quinoa seedlings from adverse effects of drought stress by other means so that the studied quinoa seedlings did not need to increase the proline levels further. These results are corroborated to previous studies (Alam et al. 2014 and Abdallah et al. 2016).
Phenolic contents
Figure 2 shows that drought stress and/or trehalose foliar treatments enhanced the phenolic content of quinoa leaves. Increase in phenol contents in different tissues under osmotic stress have been reported in many plants (Rady et al. 2011, Dawood and Sadak 2014 and Sadak 2016a, b). These increases may be due to total phenols role that play a significant mechanism in regulation of plant metabolic processes and consequently overall plant growth (Abdallah et al. 2015). Moreover, phenols act as a substrate for many antioxidant enzymes; so, it mitigates the drought stress injuries (Bakry et al. 2012). Another mechanism underlying the antioxidative properties of phenolic compounds is the ability of phenols to decrease membrane fluidity (Sadak 2016b). In addition, the antioxidant role of phenolic compounds as free radical scavenger through their reactivity as electron or hydrogen donor, to stabilize and delocalize the unpaired electron, and from their role as transition metal ions chelater (Huang et al. 2005). The improvement in the role of trehalose might be due to its signaling function, via different metabolic pathways induction and induce the production of various substances, preferably operating under stress (Alam et al. 2014).
H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation
As shown in Fig. 3, quinoa plants responded to drought stress by inducing marked increases in H2O2 and MDA contents. Under stress, accumulation of ROS including H2O2 caused oxidative damage in plants and produced MDA, the potential biomarker of membrane lipid peroxidation in the cellular environment (Abdelhamid et al. 2013; Orabi and Sadak 2015; El Bassiouny et al. 2015). Drought stress caused changes in physical membrane organization and modification in the lipid matrix of the plasma membrane. In addition, it caused marked increases in MDA and H2O2 levels in different plant species including rapeseed and mustard may be due to inadequate induction of antioxidant system as mentioned by Hossain et al. (2013). Similar results of increased H2O2 and MDA contents under stress were obtained by El Bassiouny et al. (2015) on wheat, Dawood and Sadak (2014) on canola, and Mostafa et al. 2015) on rice plant. However, trehalose foliar treatment prior to drought stress resulted in lower H2O2 production, and reduced MDA content, which may be achieved via trehalose-mediated direct ROS scavenging, antioxidative mechanism involved in eliminating ROS, or stabilizing of membrane. Exogenous trehalose also reduced the levels of H2O2 and MDA in rice seedlings under salt stress, respectively (Mostafa et al. 2015).
Lipoxygenase (LOX) activities increased in quinoa plants subjected to water deficiency (Fig. 4), which concomitant with higher MDA levels (Fig. 3). In addition, increased LOX activity might have contributed to the lipid peroxidation of membrane lipids and thereby significantly participate to the oxidative damage in water-deficient plant. Increased LOX activity is responsible for oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and thus enhances lipid peroxidation under stress conditions (Sánchez-Rodríguez et al. 2012). The beneficial roles of Tre in drought-affected quinoa plants were observed as those treatments reduced oxidative stress (decreased H2O2 reduced LOX and lowered MDA levels; Figs. 3 and 4), compared to Tre-untreated drought-affected plants. These results are in agreement with Nounjan and Theerakulpisut (2012), Ma et al. (2013), and Liu et al. (2013); they confirmed that exogenous application of Tre was effective in reducing oxidative stress of different plants in different abiotic stresses.
Antioxidant enzymes activities
Plant posses' efficient system for scavenging ROS. Antioxidative enzymes are not part of this system but are key elements in the defense mechanisms. Activities of antioxidant enzymes of plants under stress show many changes (Abdelhamid et al. 2013). Superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase are of enzymes that are responsible for ROS-scavenging. Drought exhibited increased SOD or POX and APX activities in quinoa leaves as compared to normal irrigated plants (Fig. 4). These results are in agreement with (Abdelgawad et al. 2014). Higher levels of enzyme activities in the quinoa plant under water deficiency may be due to its resistance. NAD+ recovering and CO2 fixation at the Calvin cycle decrease under drought stress cause damage to cell membrane due to the increases of free radicals. Adverse environmental stresses increase catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities in several cycles of physiological processes. At stress conditions, higher content of hydrogen peroxide is detoxified by catalase and glutathione peroxidase (Dat et al. 2000). Plant tolerance to harmful free radicals increase by ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities increases (Jin et al. 2006). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first defense enzyme that converts superoxide to H2O2, which can be scavenged by catalase (CAT) and different classes of peroxidases (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase. These results are in agreement with the results observed by El-Bassiouny and Sadak (2015), Sadak and Orabi (2015), and Sadak and Abdelhamid (2015).
Foliar treatment of trehalose increased tolerance to stress by the increase in CAT, SOD, POX, and APX activities. Abdallah et al. (2016) confirmed these results. Under drought stress, Tre treatment improve SOD activity (Nounjan and Theerakulpisut 2012). However, Nounjan et al. (2012) also confirmed Tre major role in O2− scavenging directly than modulating SOD activity. Although, CAT is one of the most important enzyme of antioxidant system having the highest turnover rates among all enzymes (Garg and Manchanda 2009). However, enhanced CAT activity in Tre-pretreated plants represents an efficient H2O2 scavenging mechanism contributing to tolerance to water stress-induced oxidative stress (Mostafa et al. 2015). CAT, a peroxisomal enzyme, has a lower affinity for H2O2 and, therefore, is regarded as a bulk remover of excess H2O2 produced under stress conditions.
Osmolytes as Tre improved drought tolerance of quinoa plant via increasing formation of osmoprotectant compounds as glucose, trehalose, total soluble sugars, proline, and free amino acids. In addition to enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. On the other hand, MDA and H2O2 contents decrease.
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Botany Department, Agriculture and Biology Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
Mervat Shamoon Sadak, Hala Mohammed Safwat El-Bassiouny & Mona Gergis Dawood
Hala Mohammed Safwat El-Bassiouny
Mona Gergis Dawood
All authors share in every step of this work and all of them contribute in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Mervat Shamoon Sadak.
Sadak, M.S., El-Bassiouny, H.M.S. & Dawood, M.G. Role of trehalose on antioxidant defense system and some osmolytes of quinoa plants under water deficit. Bull Natl Res Cent 43, 5 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-018-0039-9
Phenolics


text:
Q: Removing outliers based on column variables or multi-index in a dataframe This is another IQR outlier question. I have a dataframe that looks something like this:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,100,size=(100, 3)), columns=('red','yellow','green'))
df.loc[0:49,'Season'] = 'Spring'
df.loc[50:99,'Season'] = 'Fall'
df.loc[0:24,'Treatment'] = 'Placebo'
df.loc[25:49,'Treatment'] = 'Drug'
df.loc[50:74,'Treatment'] = 'Placebo'
df.loc[75:99,'Treatment'] = 'Drug'
df = df[['Season','Treatment','red','yellow','green']]
df

I would like to find and remove the outliers for each condition (i.e. Spring Placebo, Spring Drug, etc). Not the whole row, just the cell.  And would like to do it for each of the 'red', 'yellow', 'green' columns.
Is there way to do this without breaking the dataframe into a whole bunch of sub dataframes with all of the conditions broken out separately?  I'm not sure if this would be easier if 'Season' and 'Treatment' were handled as columns or indices. I'm fine with either way.
I've tried a few things with .iloc and .loc but I can't seem to make it work.

A: If need replace outliers by missing values use GroupBy.transform with DataFrame.quantile, then compare for lower and greater values by DataFrame.lt and DataFrame.gt, chain masks by | for bitwise OR and set missing values in DataFrame.mask, default replacement, so not specified:
np.random.seed(2020)
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,100,size=(100, 3)), columns=('red','yellow','green'))
df.loc[0:49,'Season'] = 'Spring'
df.loc[50:99,'Season'] = 'Fall'
df.loc[0:24,'Treatment'] = 'Placebo'
df.loc[25:49,'Treatment'] = 'Drug'
df.loc[50:74,'Treatment'] = 'Placebo'
df.loc[75:99,'Treatment'] = 'Drug'
df = df[['Season','Treatment','red','yellow','green']]

g = df.groupby(['Season','Treatment'])
df1 = g.transform('quantile', 0.05)
df2 = g.transform('quantile', 0.95)

c = df.columns.difference(['Season','Treatment'])
mask = df[c].lt(df1) | df[c].gt(df2)
df[c] = df[c].mask(mask)

print (df)
    Season Treatment   red  yellow  green
0   Spring   Placebo   NaN     NaN   67.0
1   Spring   Placebo  67.0    91.0    3.0
2   Spring   Placebo  71.0    56.0   29.0
3   Spring   Placebo  48.0    32.0   24.0
4   Spring   Placebo  74.0     9.0   51.0
..     ...       ...   ...     ...    ...
95    Fall      Drug  90.0    35.0   55.0
96    Fall      Drug  40.0    55.0   90.0
97    Fall      Drug   NaN    54.0    NaN
98    Fall      Drug  28.0    50.0   74.0
99    Fall      Drug   NaN    73.0   11.0

[100 rows x 5 columns]

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