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Tags: Airlines | Credit | Cards | Consumer
Coffee, Tea, or Plastic? Airlines Offering Credit Cards
(Cafebeanz-Company/Dreamstime)
By Edward Yardeni Thursday, 04 May 2017 12:08 PM Current | Bio | Archive
When flying, you expect a flight attendant to offer coffee and tea. But Jackie was surprised last month when flight attendants on an American Airlines flight she was on between LaGuardia and Charlotte pitched an American Airlines credit card. How's that for low-cost advertising to a captive audience?! Jackie was happy to report that there was no violent outbursts on her flight.
The sales pitch did prompt us to have a closer look at the credit card business. Recent earnings out of Synchrony Financial (spun out of GE Capital) and Capital One Financial gave investors the jitters, as both sharply increased their reserves. However, economic data show that monthly payments remain manageable.
(1) Growing quickly. As you'd expect, most consumer loan balances, except for student loans, shrank during the previous recession. Total consumer credit fell $147 billion (or 5.5%) from July 2008 through August 2010 (Fig. 1). Since then, consumer credit has increased rapidly, by $1.27 trillion to a record high of $3.79 trillion, up $1.13 trillion (or 42%) from 2008's peak. Leading the advance have been auto loans and student loans, which are included in the Fed's "nonrevolving credit" category (Fig. 2). Lagging has been "revolving credit," which consists mostly of credit card balances. It's up 20% through February since bottoming during April 2011, and remains slightly below its 2008 record high. The data suggest that consumers remain more cautious about using their credit cards but have been loading up on auto and student debt.
(2) Back to normal. In Q1 results, Synchrony and Capital One both reported increases in reserves and in charge-offs that caught investors by surprise. Synchrony increased its provision for loan losses by 45% to $1.31 billion, and its net charge-offs in Q1 came in at 5.33%, up from 4.74% a year earlier. For the full year, management expects net charge-offs to be in the low 5%s, edging up to the low-to-mid-5% range in 2018.
The company did not lower its lending standards. Instead, it attributed the need to boost provisions to lower recoveries on defaulted loans, to growth in the overall loan portfolio, and to "normalization trends"—which implies that defaults were abnormally low in the early years of the recovery and now are returning to more normal levels. At Synchrony, loan receivables grew 8.0% in 2015 y/y and 11.3% in 2016. That's much faster than consumers' incomes grew, 4.0% in 2015 and 3.6% in 2016.
Capital One's Q1 charge-off rate in its domestic credit card business was 5.14%, up 0.48ppts from Q4. The company now sees the 2017 charge-off rate on US credit cards in the high-4% to 5% range, up from earlier expectations for the rate to be around mid-4%. "Over the past year and a half, we have seen increasing competitive intensity, a growing supply of credit, and rising consumer indebtedness," observed CEO Richard Fairbank in the company's Q1 earnings call transcript. Later on the call, he said, "We continue to be concerned about the supply of credit in the marketplace. Revolving credit grew at about 6.5% year-over-year, the seventh consecutive quarter it has grown much faster than household income. Against this background, we have been tightening our underwriting."
(3) Not too many deadbeats. There is some good news. Data from the FRB-NY backs up these CEOs' assertions. The percentage of credit card balances that are delinquent by 90 days or more has fallen to levels well below where it stood in the years leading up to the 2008 recession (Fig. 3). So it's certainly possible that delinquencies will return to more normal levels and then stop deteriorating.
Another optimistic nugget is that household debt service payments as a percentage of disposable personal income was only 10.0% in Q4 , below the 13.2% peak just before the 2008 recession and lower than the 10.4% level seen back in Q2-1993 (Fig. 4). This is largely thanks to the low interest rates we've enjoyed for the past eight years. Credit quality in credit card portfolios may not be improving anymore. But as long as rates stay low and jobs remain plentiful, default-rate "normalization" shouldn't turn into a spike in the credit card default rate. Just what will happen to the student loan market, where delinquencies now are far higher than during the recession, is a story for another day.
(4) Taking stock. The S&P 500 Consumer Finance stock index is down 11.0% from its cyclical high on May 2, 2016 (Fig. 5). The index has been depressed by the 20.3% decline in Synchrony, the 12.5% drop in Capital One, and the 13.0% drop in Discover Financial since March 1. Analysts still forecast that the Consumer Finance industry will grow revenue by 5.0% over the next 12 months and grow earnings by 7.7% (Fig. 6). The industry's forward P/E has come down a touch to 11.5, which is high relative to where the multiple has been over the past 16 years but low compared to the highest multiples that the industry has commanded during the best of times over the past 20 years (Fig. 7).
(5) What's in your wallet? Higher credit card volumes are good news for Mastercard and Visa, which process credit card transactions but don't hold the outstanding credit card debt. On Tuesday, Mastercard reported that Q1 net revenue rose 12% y/y and adjusted net income increased 13%. Earnings per share rose more than net income, by 16%, due to a reduced share count. Last month, Visa reported that earnings excluding restructuring charges for fiscal Q2 were 86 cents a share, up 27% y/y.
Both companies benefitted as more traffic traveled over their payment systems. At Mastercard, the gross dollar volume on the company's worldwide network rose 4.7% y/y to $1.2 trillion, including a 2.0% increase in the US. The US volume includes a 5.4% increase in Mastercard's credit and charge programs and an 0.8% decline in its debit program. The shares of both companies have had a great start to the year.
Visa's traffic jumped even more dramatically, as it won some large new clients, including Costco Wholesale. The company's payments volume grew 37.2% y/y to $1.7 trillion, assuming a constant dollar. Visa shares are up 18.6% ytd through Tuesday's close, and Mastercard's shares have added 14.4%.
The two companies are members of the S&P 500 Data Processing & Outsourced Services stock index, which has had an amazing run since 2009, climbing 423.0% (Fig. 8). The industry includes Automatic Data Processing, Fiserv, PayPal Holdings, and Paychex along with others. It's expected to grow revenues by 11.7% over the next 12 months and earnings by 14.2% (Fig. 9). Investors will need to pay up for the above-market earnings growth, as the industry trades at 23.1 times forward earnings (Fig. 10).
(6) The Great Disruptor. Amazon has been around since 1994 and creating headaches for other retailers for many years. But in recent months, it seems that the number of store closures has accelerated as a number of retailers have given up the fight. Even Synchrony CEO Margaret Keane said on the Q1 conference call: "The retailers are going through a transformation. But I would say, as per our reading, it's definitely accelerated coming out of the holiday season."
And that presumably means that Synchrony cannot depend on consumers going into a retailer and opening up a credit card to gain customers. So Synchrony is undergoing its own transformation. The company is "making sure we can really attract those customers through the online channels, whether it's through their iPad or on their mobile phone." In Q1, 26% of retail-card penetration was online.
The company purchased GPShopper, a mobile app developer, in Q1 for an undisclosed amount. Synchrony made an initial investment in the company in 2015, and subsequently they developed a plugin that allows retailers' credit cardholders to shop, redeem rewards, and manage and make payments to their accounts with their smartphones, according to a 3/22 article in the Stamford Advocate. More than retailers need to learn how to find customers online.
Dr. Ed Yardeni is the President of Yardeni Research, Inc., a provider of independent global investment strategy research.
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Recent earnings out of Synchrony Financial (spun out of GE Capital) and Capital One Financial gave investors the jitters, as both sharply increased their reserves. However, economic data show that monthly payments remain manageable.
Airlines, Credit, Cards, Consumer
Thursday, 04 May 2017 12:08 PM
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Rica Peralejo-Bonifacio, aka Mrs. Bo, is one of those TV stars who grew up right in front of our very eyes. From being one of the adorable kids who made us laugh in Ang TV, we witnessed her transform into one versatile, and oftentimes daring, actresses of her generation.
Now, Rica is on the verge of another major transformation as she makes the shift from TV to the digital screen and from celebrity to an online personality who is out to help other women take on the most challenging role in their lives—motherhood.
"I do miss the craft, to sing, dance and act because I've been doing that for most of my life. What I don't miss though is the whole public life that you don't have privacy. I know it comes with the territory but I've learned to appreciate my privacy more when I quit showbiz," she narrates.
Motherhood, she said, has changed her in ways she couldn't have imagined. "I've never been more happy, cheerful, and satisfied. Since I became a mother it has become so easy for me to be joyful. I found love in my husband, but I found joy in my son—even during those times when you are just taking a bath together—I ask myself why I am so happy? And then I realized it's the joy you can only find when you become a mother–you find happiness in the simple things.
To help her in her journey as a mom Rica maintains a blog, www.ricaperalejo.ph, where netizens know her more as Mrs. Bo, the Expert Mom.
She started regularly blogging in 2012 as a way to archive her life and to record everything she loves to do such as traveling and hiking mountains. "Blogging was really borne out of those thoughts, archiving my feelings. I found it very therapeutic, when you write there is something healing.
Her website has since become a great resource for parenting stuff slowly bringing together a community of mothers who graciously help each other out with their difficulties.
With her dedication and influence, GSK has chosen Rica for their Expert Mom campaign which seeks to educate mothers on how to correctly and promptly address cough and allergies for the entire family.
"As a mom, I want to make sure that family time is always a memorable time for my family. My husband and I always make sure we take care of ourselves first so we can take care of our son, Philip. Being in tip-top shape allows our whole family to have the best summer and enjoy our vacations. Of course, our priority is to keep Philip healthy, so we always make sure we are prepared with the necessary medications whenever we travel just in case he gets sick," Rica shared.
Two of the most common sickness in children are cough and allergies and Rica says she was very happy to partner with a brand that she really uses.
"Even when I was still in showbiz, I always make sure I believe in the brand before I accept any campaigns and when I learned it was going to be Virlix, I immediately said yes because it has been a brand I've been using for my son Philip.
Allergic reactions may also be triggered by allergens or substances that can be found in food such as peanuts, milk, eggs, seafood, and the like. A lot of children also develop allergies to plants, pets, house dust mites, mold spores, or medications, especially antibiotics.
Another common sickness due to the changing weather is cough. Coughing is a natural reflex and is usually a sign that your child's body is trying to rid itself of an irritant, such as mucus or a foreign object. Although cough is quite common, having a kid with cough is something you should take seriously as it may easily be passed on to other children with weakened immune systems. Cough caused by viral infections may result in fever, headache, and pains.
"I think being an Expert Mom is all about ensuring that the whole family is happy, healthy, and free from disease. I'm very happy to be part of the Expert Moms campaign because I think it's exciting to meet other moms who are keen on keeping themselves healthy in order to take care of their families," says Rica.
"Many call me Rica, some even call me Carla, but the sweetest names I've ever been called are Sweetheart and Mama." shared Mrs Bo, in closing.


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Charles Jean Firmin Maillard est un homme politique français né le  à Paris et mort dans la même ville le .

Biographie

Charles Jean Firmin Maillard est le fils de Jean Léonard Maillard, écuyer, conseiller du roi, receveur général des domaines et bois de la province du Hainault, et de Marie Henriette Charlotte Gissey.

Il est élève de l'École polytechnique, puis de l'École des ponts et chaussées.

Il est sous-préfet de la Louisiane en 1802, poste qu'il n'a pas le temps d'occuper, le territoire étant cédé par la France en 1803. Il est sous-préfet de Saint-Jean-d'Angély en 1803.

Il s'est marié en 1804 avec Henriette Martin-Monteuil, née à Niort, morte à Paris le .

Il est auditeur au Conseil d'État en 1809, puis maître des requêtes et chevalier de la Légion d'honneur en 1811. Après un rapport sur le dessèchement des polders en Hollande, il dirige l'administration des polders et des canaux en Hollande.

Après la chute de l'Empire, il est nommé maître des requêtes au Conseil du roi en juillet 1814. Il est nommé en septembre 1814 au comité contentieux du Trésor. Il reste au Conseil d'État pendant les Cent-Jours. Il est disgracié après le retour des Bourbons. Puis il est rattaché à la section du contentieux du Conseil d'État en 1818 et nommé conseiller d'État sur les recommandations d'Anne Brochet de Vérigny (1775-1825). En 1830, il refuse d'être nommé président de la section du contentieux. Il est alors nommé vice-président de la section de l'Intérieur et de l'Instruction publique du Conseil d'État en 1833. Il est nommé pair de France et grand officier de la Légion d'honneur en 1844. Il reste à la tête de la section de l'Intérieur en 1848. En 1849, il est nommé président de la section du contentieux du Conseil d'État. Il prend sa retraite en 1852 mais il est rappelé par Napoléon III. Il s'oppose à la spoliation des biens de la famille d'Orléans et doit démissionner. Il est nommé sénateur.

Il devient président de la section de l'Intérieur du Conseil d'État, en 1833. Il est membre de la Chambre des pairs de 1839 à 1848 et sénateur du Second Empire le .

Distinctions
 Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur en 1811.
 Officier de la Légion d'honneur en 1833.
 Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur en 1836.
 Grand officier de la Légion d'honneur en 1844.

Notes et références

Annexes

Sources
 .

Liens externes

 Sénat : Maillard, Charles-Jean-Firmin.
 Bibliothèque centrale de l'école polytechnique : Maillard, Charles Jean Firmin (X 1794 ; 1774-1854).
 Lettre de David d'Angers du  à Maillard sur commulysse.angers.

Sénateur du Second Empire
Pair de France (Monarchie de Juillet)
Grand officier de la Légion d'honneur
Naissance en avril 1774
Naissance à Paris
Décès en janvier 1854
Décès à Paris
Décès à 79 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


that is staggering for its size and the beauty of the models on display.
Modelers (and exhibitors) from all over the country attended the show, as it showcases all the latest in kits, engines, motors, radio systems, plans, accessories, and other hardware.
The WRAM show was normally held on the last full weekend of February each year, and open to the public Friday through Sunday.
Overall Best in Show Prize!
Hundreds of items changed hands each year.


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Visualization of Cyanelle Peptidoglycan in Cyanophora paradoxa Using a Metabolic Labeling Method with Click Chemistry
Haruna Higuchi, Katsuaki Takechi, Hiroyoshi Takano
Released on J-STAGE: January 06, 2017
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.81.357
Cytologia Focus
Chromatin Live Imaging with Genome Editing Techniques: Switching from Scissors to a Lamp
Satoru Fujimoto, Sachihiro Matsunaga
Chromatin live imaging integrated with programmable DNA binding proteins derived from genome editing methods opens up the era of spatio-temporal analyses of chromatin dynamics. The DNA binding proteins, including a transcription activator-like effector (TALE) or a nuclease-dead CRISPR-associated protein 9 (dCas9), can be freely designed to bind a specific DNA sequence. Instead of a nuclease for DNA cleavage, a fluorescent protein is fused to TALE or dCAS9 for visualization of chromatin. They enable us to observe the endogenous genomic loci without the fixation of cells, the denaturation of DNA for hybridization and the insertion of exogenous DNA sequences into targeted loci. Using these live imaging systems dependent on the interaction between cis endogenous DNA sequence and trans DNA binding proteins, we can analyze chromatin dynamics in living cells. Multicolor chromatin imaging based on different dCas9 proteins will be a powerful cytogenetical technique instead of multicolor FISH and chromosome painting.
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Karyological Studies on Six Endemic Plant Taxa in Turkey
Mehmet Tekin, Osman Gedik, Yaşar Kiran, Murat Kurşat
In this study, the chromosome number and detailed morphometric properties of six endemic taxa belonging to five dicot families which grow naturally in Turkey were examined. The somatic chromosome number and karyotype formula of the taxa of Asteraceae family were determined to be 2n=18 and 8m+1sm in Tanacetum argenteum ssp. argenteum and 2n=18 and 7m+2sm+1B in Tanacetum densum ssp. sivasicum, respectively. The somatic chromosome number and karyotype formula were determined as 2n=32 and 10m+6sm in Fumana trisperma belonging to Cistaceae, 2n=14 and 5m+2sm in Onobrychis albiflora belonging to Fabaceae, 2n=14 and 2m+5sm in Salvia blepharochlaena belonging to Lamiaceae, and 2n=14 and 2m+5sm in Glaucium acutidentatum belonging to Papaveraceae family. The somatic chromosome numbers of six taxa collected from different localities in Turkey were counted for the first time, except for T. argenteum var. argenteum and Salvia blepharocleana.
Cyto-Molecular Characterization of Three Tacca Species from Bangladesh
Riyad Hossen, Syeda Sharmeen Sultana, Sheikh Shamimul Alam
Three species of Tacca J. R. & G. Forst., namely T. plantaginea, T. chantrieri and T. integrifolia, were investigated cytogenetically and at the molecular level to solve their taxonomic rank. The diploid chromosome number 2n=28 was found in T. plantaginea and T. integrifolia whereas 2n=22 was found in T. chantrieri. This is probably the first report on the diploid chromosome number of T. plantaginea and T. chantrieri around the world. The three species differed in respect of centromeric formulae such as 22m+6sm in T. plantaginea, 18m+4sm in T. chantrieri and 28m in T. integrifolia. In addition to regular 2n=22 chromosomes, four to eight small chromosomes were found in some cells of T. chantrieri suggesting the probable occurrence of B-chromosome. In T. integrifolia, a pair of satellites was found on the short arm, one in each member of pair VI, after orcein and CMA staining but not in DAPI, revealing the GC-rich nature. A wide range of CMA- and DAPI-positive bands was found in the metaphase chromosomes of the three species. DAPI-fluoresced chromosomes were frequent in these three species. Six primer combinations were applied for RAPD analysis in the three species of Tacca to find out their genomic relationship. The three species showed some unique bands useful as markers for each species. Conventional and fluorescent karyotype together with RAPD fingerprinting indicated that T. integrifolia is distantly related to T. plantaginea and T. chantrieri. Therefore, the compilation of the above cytological and molecular information will be very useful for authentic identification of the three Tacca species. This genetic information will help in the proper conservation of and to make patent for the three threatened Tacca species found in Bangladesh.
Meiotic Studies on Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet from North Indian Plains
Arneet Gill, Ramneet Kaur
A total of 61 populations of A. indicum were collected from different regions of the North Indian Plains. All the collections showed n=21 as the gametic chromosome number with normal meiotic behavior in most of the populations. However, 23 populations showed abnormal meiosis with some of the following: laggards, secondary association of chromosomes, bridge formation, cytomixis, vagrants, early disjunction, interbivalent connections and multipolarity. The abnormalities manifested through the formation of monads, dyads, infertile pollens, etc. One population each from Jaipur and Udaipur districts of Rajasthan exhibited the presence of 0-1 B-chromosome along with 21 bivalents. This is the first report for B-chromosome in the species at world level.
Differential Fluorescent Banding in Nine Varieties of Cicer arietinum L.
Kazi Nahida Begum, Sheikh Shamimul Alam
Nine varieties of Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea) released by Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI), viz. BC-1 (BARI Chola-1), BC-2, BC-3, BC-4, BC-5, BC-6, BC-7, BC-8 and BC-9, represented a broad spectrum of variation for several phenotypic and agronomic traits. For authentic characterization, these varieties were investigated cytogenetically by differential fluorescent banding. The nine chickpea varieties were found to possess 2n=16 metacentric chromosomes. A wide range of CMA-positive bands (5–20) was found in the metaphase chromosomes of the nine varieties. Two satellites were found in the first pair of only BC-2, BC-3, BC-4, BC-6, BC-8 and BC-9 after DAPI-staining. No satellite was found after CMA-staining. The differential staining property of satellites revealed the stain specific nature of these satellites. Entirely DAPI-fluoresced chromosomes were frequent in these varieties. The number, location and distributions of GC- and AT-rich repeats are specific for each variety. Some CMA- and DAPI-bands were so unique that these chromosomes could easily be used as marker chromosomes for the respective varieties. Fluorescent banding revealed the occurrence of genomic alteration within these varieties. Therefore, each variety could be characterized authentically by fluorescent banding analysis.
Occurrence of Univalents and Abnormal Spindle Activity in the Meiocytes in Impatiens devendrae Pusalkar from Western Himalayas
Rohit Kumar, Vijay Kumar Singhal
Male meiotic studies were performed on 14 wild accessions of Impatiens devendrae Pusalkar from the Western Himalayas. The species, which is endemic to the state of Uttarakhand, has been worked out for chromosome counts for the first time. The aim of the study was to analyse in detail the male meiotic course, microsporogenesis and pollen formation. All the scored accessions exhibited the same diploid chromosome number, n=7, as confirmed through male meiotic studies and pollen mitosis. The majority of the accessions exhibited normal meiotic course with regular seven bivalents formation, equal distribution of chromosomes during anaphases, regular sporads and high pollen fertility. However, some accessions showed the phenomenon of non-synchronous disjunction (early and late) of some bivalents, univalent chromosomes and unequal and scattered distribution of chromosomes during A-I leading to reduction in pollen fertility. As such the meiotic irregularities in these individuals of I. devendrae seem to be under the effect of some genetic factors.
Karyological Notes for Seven Salvia L. Taxa Grown in Turkey
Osman Gedik, Yaşar Kıran, İrfan Emre, Murat Kurşat
This study presents a more detailed karyological analysis of seven Salvia L. taxa (S. ceratophylla, S. syriaca, S. palaestina, S. aethiopis, S. russellii, S. multicaulis, S. trichoclada) grown in Turkey. Also, this is the first chromosome number report for S. russellii and S. trichoclada. This study revealed that the chromosome numbers of the examined Salvia taxa were 2n=14, 18, 22 and 32. The Salvia taxa had median point (M), median (m), submedian (sm) and subterminal (st) chromosomes in the study. Furthermore, various karyotype asymmetry values, ploidy levels, karyotype formula, chromosome length range, total karyotype length, A1, A2 and Stebbins classification were determined in this study. On the other hand, Pearson correlations between the karyotype asymmetries of these Salvia taxa were determined and a dispersion diagram was formed by using A1 and A2. Furthermore, this study suggested that the examined Salvia taxa were 2A and only S. trichoclada was 3A.
Male Meiosis in Two Morphotypes of Melica persica Kunth (Poaceae) from Himachal Pradesh, India
Kamlesh Kumari, Manjit Inder Singh Saggoo
The detailed meiotic behavior, chromosome number, morphological analysis and pollen fertility was studied in 10 populations of Melica persica belonging to family Poaceae from the cold desert region of Kinnaur. The collection and analysis of the species done on population basis showed a wide range of distribution with varied altitudinal habitats, and two distinct morphotypes-purplish red and creamy white colored spikelets. The collected morphotypes do not show any cytological variations and all the populations showed the same diploid chromosome number (2n=18 based on x=9). Two populations of white and one population of red morphotypes showed normal meiotic behavior while the rest of the seven populations showed a number of meiotic abnormalities including cytomixis, chromosome stickiness, unoriented bivalents, laggards, bridges and abnormal microsporogenesis in the form of dyad, leading to reduction in pollen fertility. In the present study, the existence of two morphotypes and the phenomenon of cytomixis have been reported for the first time in this grass species.
A Comparative Analysis of Multi-Probe Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation (FISH) Karyotypes in 26 Pinus Species (Pinaceae)
Fukashi Shibata, Yukari Matsusaki, Masahiro Hizume
Every species has a unique karyotype, but certain genera have common karyptypes among species. The markers (chromosome length and centromere position) used in traditional karyotyping do not distinguish all chromosome pairs in the genus Pinus. However, the application of multi-probe fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) procedures allowed exact karyotyping of 26 Pinus congeners. We used these new data to examine species relationships. The 35S rDNA and 5S rDNA, Arabidopsis-type telomere repeat sequences, and the proximal CMA band-specific repeat (PCSR) of P. densiflora were used as FISH probes for our analysis of chromosomes in 26 Pinus species. Each species had a unique FISH karyotype and most homologous chromosome pairs were identified. The FISH karyotypes were used to compare corresponding or homologous chromosomes among the species. Common or similar FISH signal patterns appeared in closely related species. Species that had inherited common FISH signal patterns were classified into four karyotype groups. We used cluster analyses to compare quantitative differences in FISH signals within these groups. The results of these analyses were consistent with recent systematic interpretations and resolved differences among existing taxonomic systems based on diverse methodologies. Our results indicate that FISH signal patterns reflect the history of species differentiation and that comparative FISH karyotyping has potential as an important tool for studying the taxonomy or phylogeny of Pinus.
The Apoptotic Effect of Gemcitabine-Loaded-Microemulsion (Isopropyl Myristate/Tween 80/Span 20/Water/Ethanol) on A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Mayson H. Alkhatib, Norah S. Alkhayyal
Gemcitabine (GEM) is a chemotherapeutic agent with several dose limitation aspects. It was encapsulated in three microemulsion (ME) formulations with nanoparticles that differ in polarity: hydrophilic MEa, hydrophobic MEb and relatively neutral MEc. The apoptotic effect of the ME formulations was evaluated in the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells, whereas the side effects of the formulas on the healthy cells were tested in the HFS human foreskin cells. The cell toxicity of all GEM-loaded-MEs (MEa+, MEb+ and MEc+) and free GEM solutions at concentrations of 1 and 10 µM was determined by using sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay, while the mechanism of cell death was assessed by using ApopNexin FITC apoptosis detection kit and viewing the ultrastructure of treated A549 cells by using transmission electron microscope (TEM). It has been found that 10 µM of MEb+ (MEb10+) has the best antiproliferative and apoptotic effect compared to all of the ME formulations and GEM solutions. MEb10+ reduced the percentages of A549 cell viabilities to 11.15±1.4 whereas 10 µM of GEM (GEM10) decreased the percentages of A549 cell viabilities to 58.09±2.5. This study verified that ME formulations with hydrophobic droplets improved the therapeutic potential of GEM as an anticancer drug.
Intraspecific Karyotypic Polymorphism and Cytogeography of Lysimachia mauritiana (Primulaceae) on Several Islands in the Okinawa and the Daito Groups of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan
Yoshiko Kono, Yoshikazu Hoshi, Hiroaki Setoguchi, Masatsugu Yokota, Ka ...
A coastal biennial herb, Lysimachia mauritiana, exhibited remarkable intraspecific karyotypic diversity, especially in the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan (the Ryukyus). The species displayed five chromosome numbers (2n=16, 17, 18, 19, 20) and 18 cytotypes in the Ryukyus alone. Our serial investigations elucidated that: (1) 11 cytotypes on Takarajima Island (Is.) showed the highest intra- and inter-populational cytotype polymorphism in the Ryukyus, (2) a total of 15 cytotypes was recognized and several cytotypes coexisted in every locality on Amamioshima, Kakeromajima and Tokunoshima Is., and (3) closely located two Islands of Amamioshima and Tokunoshima had different dominant cytotypes, 16 (6m) and 18 (6m), respectively. In the present study, to explore whether a similar karyotypic polymorphism exists on their neighbor islands belonging to the Okinawa and the Daito Groups, a total of 610 plants from 51 localities on 10 islands were analyzed karyomorphologically and cytogeographically. As a result, five chromosome numbers (2n=16, 17, 18, 19, 20) and 13 cytotypes were recognized in the areas. Okinawajima Is. was divided into two areas according to cytotype distribution patterns. Northern and western areas facing the East China Sea showed intra- and inter-populational polymorphism in cytotype. By contrast, southern, eastern and northeastern areas facing the Pacific Ocean showed a single cytotype in a locality. In the Daito Group, 20 (4m) TS cytotype with a wide distribution in southern Taiwan was found in Japan for the first time. The cytotype probably descended from currents of southern Taiwan and/or the Philippines.
The Development of a Primed In Situ Hybridization Technique for Chromosome Labeling in Cultivated Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa)
Kornlawat Tantivit, Sachiko Isobe, Preeda Nathewet, Nobuyuki Okuda, To ...
Few studies have aimed to develop physical chromosome mapping methods for cultivated strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa). Recently, linkage maps have been developed in this species using many single sequence repeat (SSR) markers. However, the accuracy of these needs to be evaluated because cultivated strawberries are allo-octoploids. This could be achieved by fluorescently labeling chromosomes that contain SSR markers on the same linkage group and observing whether other fluorescent signals can also be detected on the same chromosomes. The aim of this study was to develop a direct cycling primed in situ (C-PRINS) labeling technique for chromosome mapping of cultivated strawberry. To achieve this, we investigated the effect of the 1) maceration time for softening the root tips, 2) concentration of acetic acid for spreading chromosomes on the glass slide, 3) incubation time after slide preparation and before PRINS labeling, 4) number of PCR cycles for obtaining fluorescent signals, and 5) temperature accuracy for PCR. All of these factors were considered important for developing a chromosome labeling method. We found that a maceration time of 25 min was appropriate for obtaining many somatic cells with 56 chromosomes and that 45% acetic acid was effective for reducing the amount of damage to the chromosomes and obtaining clear chromosome images. A 72-h incubation time was appropriate for detecting chromosomes that had fluorescent signals, and the number of signals on the chromosomes increased with an increase in the number of PCR cycles. Finally, an aluminum tape treatment was effective for maintaining the PCR temperatures.
Analysis of Meiotic Behavior in Eremurus himalaicus Baker (Liliaceae): A Rare Endemic Perennial from Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
Detailed meiotic studies have been carried out in 11 accessions of Eremurus himalaicus Baker belonging to family Liliaceae—an endemic medicinal plant of the Northwestern Himalayas. E. himalaicus, due to its excessive exploitation for edible uses, is living under stress and has therefore been listed in the Red Data Book of Indian Plants as a 'rare' species. Considering x=7 as the basic chromosome number for the species, E. himalacus revealed the diploid chromosome count of 2n=14. Out of 11 populations worked out cytologically, 3 populations of the species were normal in their meiotic behavior while the rest of the populations showed abnormal meiotic behavior. The phenomenon of cytomixis, presence of two to five nucleoli and various other meiotic abnormalities were observed in the form of unoriented bivalents, chromosome stickiness, late disjunction, laggards and bridges in eight populations. Earlier studies were limited to the counting of chromosome number, so these meiotic abnormalities were reported for the first time in the studied species. Further, the microsporogenesis was also abnormal leading to the formation of monad, dyads, triads and abnormal tetrads with the fusion among tetrads which ultimately leads to reduced pollen fertility.
Location of Gold Particles and Puncture of Tobacco Leaf Epidermis by Particle Bombardment
Hiroki Kawamoto, Ryogo Suzuki, Masashi Ugaki, Shigeyuki Kawano
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe surface structures. The electron beam generally scans the cell surface at an acceleration voltage of 10–15 kV. We observed buried gold particles in cells at an acceleration voltage of 30 kV. In this paper, dim, opaque particles were observed on a leaf surface that was bombarded with gold particles using a particle gun. These gold particles were buried in epidermal cells and the outline of the particle was not clear compared to adhered particles on the leaf surface. A 1-µm hole (0.785 µm2 in area) made by a 1-µm gold particle was observed around the buried particle. We measured the areas of holes made by the passage of gold particles at 1 min (n=61), 2 min (n=56), 5 min (n=110), and 10 min (n=61) after bombardment using images obtained using a scanning electron microscope and ImageJ software. The size of the holes became smaller over time and was very small 10 min after bombardment. From these results, we reveal that the holes formed by gold particle bombardment are repaired after about 10 min.
Polymorphic State of C-Bands in the Japanese House Mice, Mus musculus
Hikari Myoshu, Masahiro A. Iwasa
We quantified C-band size variations of the No. 2 chromosomes in the Japanese house mice, Mus musculus, including wild-caught mice and their F1 offsprings produced by crosses between them. The sizes of C-bands were expressed by their relative lengths as a positively stained region / a negatively stained region by C-banding in each of the No. 2 homologue. In 11 of the 16 mice examined by one-way ANOVA, the relative lengths of the C-bands were statistically polymorphic in the No. 2 homologue with variable C-band sizes at p=0.05. On the other hand, the remaining five individuals carried slightly different relative lengths without significance, which is considered as a homomorphism. Usually, heterochromatin is thought to be evolutionally neutral without strong selections, and it is considered that the polymorphic state is a frequent phenomenon of the Japanese house mice without any cytogenetically deleterious effects. In addition, the mean of the difference between the relative lengths in the No. 2 homologue ranged from 0.046 to 0.210 in the 11 individuals showing polymorphic state and from 0.032 to 0.044 in the five showing homomorphic state. Thus, a mean index of approximately 0.045 is considered to be the boundary dividing polymorphic and homomorphic states.
Changes in the Ultrastructures of the Coral Pocillopora damicornis after Exposure to High Temperature, Ultraviolet and Far-Red Radiation
Alex Pulvinar Camaya, Satoko Sekida, Kazuo Okuda
Ultrastructural changes in the coral tissues and symbiotic zooxanthellae of the scleractinian coral, Pocillopora damicornis, after exposure to high temperature (HT), ultraviolet (UV) and far-red (FR) radiation were examined by transmission electron microscopy. In normal environmental conditions, the coral gastrodermis contained zero to two zooxanthellae and maintained well-defined cortical and intracellular structures. When corals were exposed to HT, UV and FR, the gastrodermal features changed remarkably depending on the duration of exposure. Treatment with HT for 15 min or exposure to UV and FR for 6 h induced the appearance of numerous, small, electron-dense granules in the gastrodermis. Autophagosomes and lysosomes in the gastrodermal cells also increased in number. The gastrodermal cells containing no zooxanthellae began to degrade and became vacuolated through the destruction and fragmentation of their cytoplasmic contents. Prolonged exposure to these stressors brought about the disintegration of the cells without zooxanthellae and led to the collapse of the gastrodermis. This resulted in the release of the other gastrodermal cells containing zooxanthellae from the gastrodermis to gastrovascular cavities. HT, UV and FR affected the gastrodermal cells without zooxanthellae more severely than the zooxanthellae themselves, although the thylakoids of the zooxanthellae were often destroyed when the coral was exposed to UV and FR. These results suggest that the coral receives the distinct stressors, HT, UV and FR, but has a common mechanism that promotes autolysis activities in the gastrodermis and discharges cells containing zooxanthellae.
Edited and published by The Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology
Production services International Academic Printing Co., Ltd.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Hizbul Mujahideen chief: Pakistan allows terror group to run 'hundreds of training camps'
By Bill Roggio | May 27, 2011 | [email protected] | @billroggio
Zaki-ur Rehman Lakhvi [center], the military commander of the Lashkar-e-Taiba who has been implicated in the November 2008 terror assault on Mumbai, prays with Syed Salahuddin [right], the leader of the Hizbul Mujahideen, just two weeks after the Mumbai attack. Associated Press photograph.
The leader of a terrorist alliance that operates in Kashmir and includes groups such as Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed said the Pakistani military allows it to operate freely and run hundreds of training camps.
Syed Salahuddin, the leader of the Hizbul Mujahideen, admitted that the Pakistani military permits his fighters to move freely and run training camps in the region.
"Our mujahideen can come and go at their own will," Salahuddin told a local news agency, according to The Times of India. "There is no question that the army can stop us."
"And we have hundreds of training camps in the state where we recruit and train the mujahideen," Salahuddin continued. He did not say if the camps were located inside Pakistan or in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
Salahuddin, whose real name is Mohammed Yusuf Shah, is also the chairman of the United Jihad Council, an alliance of 16 terrorist groups that are fighting in Jammu and Kashmir. The United Jihad Council is supported by the Pakistani military and its Inter-Services Intelligence directorate, according to the South Asia Terrorism Portal. Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed, two groups which are on the US and the United Nation's lists of terror organizations, are part of the United Jihad Council.
Salahuddin has close links to both terror groups. Less than two weeks after the November 2008 terror assault on Mumbai, Salahuddin was photographed praying with Zaki-ur Rehman Lakhvi, the military commander of the Lashkar-e-Taiba who has been implicated in the deadly attack in India.
For decades, Pakistan has sponsored jihadist groups to attack Indian security forces, the government, and civilians in an attempt to liberate the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Salahuddin routinely advocates violence against the Indian state, without incurring repercussions from the Pakistani state. In March 2010, Salahuddin said that "[t]he only way to liberate Kashmir is jihad," during a rally that was attended by top leaders of the Jamaat-ud-Dawa, a front for the Lashkar-e-Taiba.
Pakistan continues to support terror activities in Jammu and Kashmir. In 2009, Indian intelligence estimated that Pakistan had expanded to 62 the number of terror camps that train terrorists to carry out attacks in Jammu and Kashmir. This occurred during the year after the Lashkar-e-Taiba carried out the terror assault in Mumbai that killed more than 165 people.
Tags: india, Jaish-e-Mohammed, kashmir, Pakistan
The Pakistanis have sewn and nurtured the seeds of their own destruction. It is only a matter of time before the Taliban realize that they are an easier target than Afghanistan.
Caratacus10ad says:
Its goodbye the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and its hello to the new Islamic Emirate of Pakistan, a vassal state of the Islamic Emirate of Waziristan!
Shocking to see a nation in so much denial…
Its a danger to its self and all around it!
Have no idea what one does with such a lost cause, but whatever it is(?) The Paks seem unable to put into motion a plan of action to stop themselves sliding towards failed state status…
With all of that indoctrination potential — where are the 'students' ending up?
At this time, it would seem that the ISI is creating its own 'clone army' George Lucas style.
Since there is no realistic way that such fanatics can move the Indian 'elephant' off the border; perhaps the Pakistani government will wake up to this internal threat they're creating.
WitchDoctor says:
Does this really come as a surprise to anyone? In the not too distant future the ISI may be listed as a terrorist group themselves as they seem to be doing a fairly decent job at ruining any credibility they may have had if they ever did, and ruining what remains of their own country.
Seeing the headline today that UBL may have considered striking a deal with the Pakistani leadership makes me wonder what kind of deal Musharraf might have made despite the influx of American dollars into his country.
As the insurgents integrate more closely with the people and the Pak. government a very watchful eye must be kept on the nuclear weapons in that country. I imagine this is ramping up as we read LWJ.
WitchDoctor
Bill, have you seen any evidence of Pakistani extremist/militant groups releasing statements particularly designed to sour the US/Pak govt relationship? Although I don't doubt the validity of this particular statement, I'm interested to learn if any of the groups highlight their relationship with the Pakistani government (although risking retribution from the Pak govt) to hurt relations with the US.
Bill, I realized that you referred to 'Pakistan occupied Kashmir' (like the Indians) and not 'Pakistan administered Kashmir' (like the foolishly 'neutral' Western countries).
This is a good ploy to subtly back India and frustrate the Jihadis. It goes to show that after all the mayhem Pakistan has created with their Jihadi infrastructure for the past 22 years, they have only made J&K a more integral part of India, even in the eyes of Western countries. We in the West should adopt exactly this line when referring to J&K….explicitly stating it to be integral part of India. This will frustrate all efforts of the terror groups and make them turn against the Pak Army ISI for not backing them with diplomacy. The biggest slap on their face would be if Google-Earth/Google-Maps would stop showing J&K as disputed and entirely as part of India….
Since war with Pakistan is out of the question because 'it is a big country' and because of 'its nukes', we have to turn the Jihadis against Pak Army ISI. Only this will get the two poisonous snakes to kill each other.
Syed Hussein El-Edroos says:
With all due respect to the US Govt, their policies over the past 3 decades have not be commendable. First the US Govt brainwashed the young Muslims from Pakistan and other Muslim countries to fight the infidel Soviets in Afghanistan as freedom fighters. Once the Soviets were defeated they abandoned both Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Afghans were left to fight amongst themselves and the Pakistani people were left with side effects of drugs and guns, which before 1979 were minimal.
After 9/11 the very people whom the CIA trained to fight the Soviets, turned on the US. We all know what happened to the World after that. Pakistan has been the worst affected. I blame the US Govt for the state the Pakistan nation is in today, however I place a higher blame on our leaders of the past 30 years for foolishly fighting someone else's war.
captainjohann says:
Can USA escape responsibility for the creation of these Monsters throughout world through Saudi Arabia?
There will never be TRUE democracy in a country where the power/Army is Islamist!
More of the same.
It seems the Pakistani
The attack on the Naval base was aimed at destabilizing all of Pakistan. Destroying US-made anti-submarine aircraft does nothing to impact the war against the Taliban, it hurts Pakistan's deterrent capability against India.
Thats a far cry from where the jihadists were 10 years ago when they held Daniel Pearl hostage and amongst their demands was that the US deliver on a promised sale of F-16s to Musharraf. Back then these jihadists, especially Punjabi/Kashmiri groups like LeT, HuJ, Hizbul clearly still saw Pakistan as a partner against India.
So now, in the wake of the Bin Laden raid, they've made the calculated decision to destroy the US-Pakistan relationship at all cost.
However the claim of 'hundreds' of camps does seem to square with the bit in Woodward's last book that in the event of another major terror attack on the US traced back to Pakistan, there is a Pentagon/CIA plan to bombard hundreds of terror targets throughout the country, not just in the Northwest territory.
villiger says:
//www.bangaloremirror.com/printarticle.aspx?page=comments&action=translate&sectid=55&contentid=2011051420110514191250861cc9245b4&subsite=
Would really have preferred this picture.
Bill, really, do you really have to publish pictures of those creeps? Oh well, i guess it does have the added effect to underline their ugliness.
@Tim,
Absolutely right! Terror is a two edged sword. If they cannot strike their target, they strike the next soft target – their creators! out of sheer frustration. India's counter insurgency strategy in Kashmir has been exemplary! This has caused Pakistani terrorists to turn on their masters, the Pak Army ISI. Same is happening with the Taliban and AlQaeda.
What US, EU and NATO countries need to do is frustrate the designs of the terrorists further. Show the entire J&K (even Pak Occupied Kashmir) as integral part of India in Google Maps, Wikipedia and elsewhere. Additionally, FATA and Balochistan can be shown as disputed (and they are!). This will force Pakistan to look inwards and cause friction between the terror groups and their ISI handlers, diverting their attention away from allies in Afghanistan and India.
Terrorists main aim is to get world recognition. If instead they get universal de-recognition, THEY JUST CAN'T HANDLE IT!
Mauryan says:
Pakistan's military cannot be reformed. It is too late. The difference between Pakistan's military and the militants is beginning to fade. Even their top leaders have no idea what the rogue elements are doing. And they are building more nukes. This looks like the mindset of a suicide bomber who takes his own life while taking as many others with him as possible. And China is beginning to make gains slowly.
It is time to trigger civil war inside Pakistan so that these dangerous elements turn on themselves and leave the rest of the world alone. As the civil war gains momentum, the world powers and neighbors like India should sponsor those groups that fight the radical ones. Pakistan as one nation with nuclear arms and radical elements is a deadly combination. It is time to allow it to collapse and splinter up into smaller nations. That will set up more barriers to the growth of terrorism and the spread of radicalism. And nukes can be removed in the bargain. There is no other way to correct this dangerous nation now. The country is headed that way already.
bard207 says:
Syed Hussein,
The Taliban File
Taliban's history in Afghanistan
U.S. pre-9/11 memos: Pakistan backs Taliban
Saudi Arabia cuts all ties with Taliban
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP)
Syed,
There's something in what you say…."I blame the US Govt for the state the Pakistan nation is in today, however I place a higher blame on our leaders of the past 30 years for foolishly fighting someone else's war."
Now that we are where we are, what course would you want your leaders to follow?
The nation of denial and counter-denial!
If the US wants to back a dead nag,(?) then all it is doing is flogging a dead horse…
Af-Pak is a waste of valuable resources and lives.
Resources centred more on counter-terrorism within the west itself, combined with exceedingly stringent immigration controls and rules would be far better bet in creating security where it matters, than creating catalyst events in Southern Asia adding fuels to the fire.
naresh c. says:
@syed
It is a myth that Pakistan fought someone else's war.
It only fought it's war – a war of Jihad against Kafirs.
Zia was an Islamist and would have Islamized Pakistan regardless. He was happy to happy to get US dollars for waging Jihad, something that he always wanted to do. When the US left, Najibullah (a communist) was still ruling Afghanistan. It was ISI that supported one jihadi after another until Taliban came to power in order to achieve 'strategic depth' (without US support). US did not 'abandon' Pakistan until Mohatarma Benazir Bhutto ( a supposedly Oxform educated moderate), General Hamid Gul and General Aslam Beg started swapping nukes for missiles with North Korea and Iran and Pressler amendment was invoked. By the way, India had been under similar 'abandonment' since 70s because of it's own nuke program (which it never proliferated) but it does not whine. Pakistan was one of three countries to recognize Taliban in order to 'achieve strategic depth'. After 9/11, Pakistan accepted 20 billion dollars from US and kept supporting Taliban and allowed them to settle in Pakistan. Did you do it for US or to fight Jihad after US left?
The mehsud clan and some mullahs like Fazlullah (which were trained by people like Colonel Imam) soon realized that they could conquer large parts of Pakistan because it's military is weak. Pakistan's proxy force is turning against them. You can blame others for the actions you choose (Islamization of Pakistan, strategic depth and Khilafat-e-Rashida). Unfortunately, you are going to face consequences for your actions. If your ISI is going to wage Jihad around the world in order to promote strategic depth, be an adult and stop whining like a child when blowback happens.
Render says:
Syed Hussein El-Edroos –
Mohammed Att says:
Sunni (and Shia) fundamentalist muslims have been practicing state-sponsored JIHAD against both non-Muslim and Muslim nations for centuries. In the 20th Century and in this new 21st Century, Saudi Wahabbists sects have inspired rich Saudi Arabians to contribute billions and billions of dollars for JIHAD against both India (Kashmir) and Soviet forces occupying Afghanistan. When the Taliban seized power in Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan were the only two countries to recognize them as the 'legimate' rulers of a new Islamic Emirate.
JIHAD tactics, in general, are nothing more than 'guerilla tactics' under a new name. Targeted killings or assassinations of key leaders and public figures are the same tactic that Communist guerillas have used for decades to intimidate, defeat, and then consolidate power by political killings and/or imprisoning all 'charismatic' opponents that could potentially 'inspire' an opposition group to form. Nothing has changed.
Senior Taliban and Al-Queda leadership in Pakistan routinely conduct high level planning, organize new training camps, conduct training, and makeup 'new KILL lists' of Afghan leaders who oppose them. High level JIHAD planning and suicide/team training occurs during the Winter Season and is executed after re-infiltration into Afhanistan by small groups in time for their normal Spring offensive.
How to defeat JiHADists. The same way that they operate. Make detailed lists of their key leaders and assassinate them before they assassinate Afghan leaders. If Pakistan elected leadership wants their country to remain a 'democratic state' instead of a 'terrorist state', they will assist the West in eliminating the dozens of terrorist camps currently operating throughout Pakistan. If not, they should be ignored/treated as an antagonistic.
The next step is to go after the 'Islamic schools' and 'Mosques' and determine what is being taught and preached. If the teachers and Imams are preaching or teaching violent JIHAD, they need to be targeted for assassination or imprisoned. There is NO other 'strategic or tactical' plan that will work against JIHADISTS. It is as simple as fixing any problem at any level…..you find the 'root cause' and either fix it or get rid of it!!!


The Cherokee is one of Forest Rivers' most popular RVs. We carry awesome Cherokee sub-brands, including the Cherokee Grey Wolf fifth wheel and the Cherokee Wolf Pack toy hauler. View our inventory below or contact us for answers to any questions you have. We will do our best to make sure you have the information necessary to make the best buying decision for your family. You can also check out some of our other products, including our fifth wheels, travel trailers, toy haulers, and more!


Todays blogpost is about the Nikon D800 which i had in 2013, i really loved this camera for its mega resolution of 36 megapixels, everytime i opend my raw files in lightroom i had a smile on my face because you have a ton of crop possibilities and you can still retain a lot of detail. I also really liked the "Nikon Colors" that came out of it and the dynamic range.
Why did i return it? It had the left focus issue, where you just could not focus when set your focus point to the left and i compared it to the Nikon D600 which has 24 megapixels, which was really enough for my photography needs and for social media like facebook 24 megapixels are more than you will ever need, and also 36 megapixel files will eat your harddrive very fast and the Nikon D800 is quite heavy.
The Nikon D800 is a 36.3-megapixel full-frame digital camera. It was officially announced on February 7, 2012 and went on sale in late March 2012.
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC Expeed video processor. 1080p Full HD movie mode at 24/25/30 fps, 720p at 24/25/30/50/60 fps, HDMI HD video out with support of uncompressed video output, stereo monitor headphone out, and stereo input (3.5-mm diameter) with manual sound level control.
4 frames per second in continuous FX mode or 5:4 crop mode. 5 frames per second in continuous 1.2× crop mode or DX (APS-C) mode. With the optional MB-D12 battery grip, fitted with either the EN-EL18 battery pack of the D4 or AA batteries, continuous shooting at 6 frames per second in DX mode is supported.
Buffer size for 17 RAW or 56 JPEG with maximum quality.


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KYIRUX II The Hidden History - It's the sequel to Kyirux: The message of Pascal novel. The sequel holds the secrets of Kashtharia, the great pyramids, and the most important secret of them all, an intelligent, yet complex signal which was sent from Jupiter, and was caught by Kyirux the computer in the first part, and startled the scientists beyond their expectations, but, what is that signal? And who sent it? The humans, through the technology given by Kyirux, built a ship named 'SEMA', to be taken in the void of space, especially to Jupiter.


text:
Chelsea draw with Nottingham Forest as reset and revival elude Graham Potter's sluggish side
Serge Aurier celebrates scoring Nottingham Forest's equaliser in a 1-1 draw with Chelsea (Getty Images)
So much for the notion that the World Cup would have restorative powers for Chelsea, bringing a reset and a revival under Graham Potter. They might have beaten Bournemouth, but they lost a lead, two points and their way against Nottingham Forest. After delivering a performance of resounding mediocrity, a disjointed side go into a double-header against Manchester City with their chances of a top-four finish dented further.
Such New Year's honours as were awarded at the City Ground went instead to Forest, who produced a rousing second-half comeback to underline that they are becoming a decidedly awkward proposition on their own turf. It was capped by Serge Aurier's first Forest goal. Another of their 22 summer signings, Morgan Gibbs-White, was the game's outstanding player. He was Forest's record signing while Chelsea were Europe's biggest spenders last summer. If, at times, it scarcely looked as though some £400million had been spent on these squads, Gibbs-White nevertheless illustrated his quality.
Twelve of Forest's 14 points have now come at home and, following victory against Liverpool and the Carabao Cup triumph over Tottenham, it was further proof they can bloody the noses of their supposed superiors at the City Ground. They might have been buoyed, too, by the sense they had little to fear from Chelsea. It might have galvanised them at the break.
Potter's side only took two points from their five matches immediately before the World Cup. Here they had 80 percent of possession in the first half, and 72 percent overall, while mustering a mere seven shots; only one was in the second half and even that did not necessitate a save from Dean Henderson. As they fashioned too few chances, it supported the theory they are over-reliant on Reece James, who went off injured against Bournemouth and was sorely missed.
Even their goal required a ridiculous contribution from Forest's Willy Boly. Christian Pulisic aimed for Kai Havertz with a cross; Boly contrived to intercept it with a back-heeled flick that looped up onto the Forest bar and back to Raheem Sterling, who hooked in his first league goal under Potter nonchalantly. A flagship signing for Thomas Tuchel, Sterling has been less potent for the German's successor.
Yet it scarcely spurred Chelsea on. Mason Mount had fired over in the second minute but precious few efforts followed and Mount's chance, like a shot Pulisic had on the stroke of half time, followed a pass from centre back Kalidou Koulibaly. In contrast, the supposed creators barely created.
And while one side who began 2022 in the Championship, in Bournemouth, had presented less resistance to Chelsea, Forest fought back. They showed more intent after the break. Their pace had brought a threat even before then.
They were inches from levelling when Gibbs-White rattled the underside of the bar from a sweet strike from the edge of the box. It formed part of a performance where Forest's No 10 showed various elements of his huge potential.
There were twin incisive passes, sending Brennan Johnson sprinting into space behind Chelsea's high defensive line. In each half, Kepa Arrizabalaga was required to parry the Wales international's shots. If it pointed to a frailty in Potter's rearguard, who looked susceptible to counter-attacks, it offered Forest encouragement.
But their goals often stem from set pieces and this followed a trend. Chelsea felt culpable as Havertz met Gibbs-White's corner with an unconvincing header, Boly won the second ball, and Aurier controlled it on his chest and swivelled to volley in his first goal for Forest. It was a redemptive moment for each, after Boly got an assist of sorts for the opener and Aurier could also have done more to prevent it. It was a goal made in the Ivory Coast and celebrated in the East Midlands. It was a reward for fearlessness and ferociousness in a fractious affair.
At times, Chelsea were rattled. It barely seemed as though Potter had alighted on a winning formula during a six-week break. He stuck with the side and the 4-2-3-1 system that beat Bournemouth, bar replacing the injured James with Cesar Azpilicueta, but Chelsea have made the most changes in the Premier League this season and more may be required to produce something more convincing and coherent.
Mateo Kovacic and Hakim Ziyech returned from the World Cup's third-placed match to take up seats on the bench. The Croatian was called upon for the final half an hour, but had only just been introduced when Forest equalised. Then Ziyech was introduced in the bid for a winner. Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang possibly should have headed in a brilliant cross from the Moroccan but he did not, and Chelsea still have fewer goals than Erling Haaland this season.
They only have three in their last five games and, with one win in seven, are now seven points off the Champions League spots.
Clickbait Facebook post lures Ethiopians with non-existing interview of rebel leader
As conflict intensifies in Ethiopia's Oromia region, a Facebook post shared claimed that AFP recently interviewed Jaal Gammachu Abboye, the deputy chief of the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) rebel group. The post also contained a link purportedly leading to the interview. But this is false: AFP did not speak to the rebel leader and the link is to a site with unrelated content.The post has drawn more than 5,500 likes since it was published on Facebook on January 19, 2023. Screenshot showing the fals


NEW YORK (AP) -- Idenix Pharmaceuticals Inc. said Thursday the Food and Drug Administration wants more safety data on its experimental hepatitis C drug IDX20963 before it will allow the company to begin human testing.
The company's shares plunged $1.39, or 27 percent, to $3.75 in aftermarket trading following the announcement.
Idenix said clinical trials are on hold until it addresses the FDA's concerns. The company did not say how long it believes clinical testing for IDX20963 might be delayed by the request for more preclinical data.
The Cambridge, Mass., company does not have any approved products. Idenix is running mid-stage clinical trials of another hepatitis C drug, IDX719, and is running preclinical trials of other potential drugs.
Shares of Idenix fell 3 percent to $5.13 Thursday as the broader markets slumped during the regular trading session.


Hello Easter community! My name is Sarah Lardy and I am a current freshman at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities. This past summer, I was fortunate enough to go on the Arecibo, Puerto Rico mission trip and thought I'd share a way I saw God throughout the week.
I have been on five mission trips total, all through YouthWorks, so you could say I'm pretty familiar with the typical daily schedule of a mission trip. In general, days consist of an early morning breakfast, and devotions, then work sites from 9-3 (including lunch), and showers, dinner, and evening activities to fill the rest of the day. On this particular trip, work sites were shortened to 10-2, to allow for more time to experience the culture and community in which we served.
My group was sent to the Salvation Army to work with kids, however we learned the morning of day 1 that no kids showed up for kids club. Instead, we would be cleaning and painting the building. Normally, I expect to be working for the solid four hours we're at the site, with a lunch break sometime in the middle. However, we soon learned that this place was not like that. Miriam, the woman in charge of our projects, often gathered us inside the building and talked to us for hours. She constantly told us to take breaks and slow down. It was a little weird for me to experience this as I was planning on working hard to make a difference; it was odd to just sit. What I didn't know, is we weren't just sitting around, we were being exposed to God's work. We came to learn that Miriam is a strong woman of faith, and she uses that to carry her through each day. She was so grateful we were there to help; it didn't matter how much we worked, even the smallest amount made her so happy. She spoke to us about how God has a plan for each of us and that it's important to put our faith in Him. She spoke of how she turned her life to God and followed where he led, and encouraged us to do the same. The people at the Salvation Army even took a morning to pray for us and hold a mini-worship through which they praised God and sang. It's through Miriam, and others at the Salvation Army how I really saw God that hot week in July.
One of the biggest things I learned on the trip was not that hard work makes a difference. Work certainly helps, but the connections you can make to others, the conversations and shared laughter, are what really make a difference. One other way I saw God on the trip was simply in the majesty of the ocean. We were able to visit the beach four times during the week, twice to swim and twice to have devotions and hang out. Often, I found myself on the edge of the water, right where the waves lapped at the shoreline. Looking out into the vast expanse of the sea, unable to see any land across the horizon, really made me feel miniscule in this huge world. More importantly, I could feel God's power over the waves, and it was simply incredible. Overall, mission trips were an integral part of my high school experience, and I'll never forget the memories made and lessons learned during my weeks away.
Change at Easter has been discussed many times but, it still seems appropriate to discuss the beautiful, scary, energizing, grievous, complex, and powerful changes that have happened – and are still happening – at Easter Lutheran Church. Retirements, new pastoral calls, periods of hard-earned rest, tearful good-byes, and warm welcomes; we have seen them all! Change is seldom easy!
Some things cannot be changed. The center square determines what color each side of the cube must be. Everything else about the cube can be changed in endless permutations, but the color of any one face is determined by the center. Inherently optimistic, I assume I can accomplish whatever the organization needs, but I have always been blessed with a few faithful "reality therapists" who make sure we do not waste time and energy trying to do the impossible.
You can never change just one thing. The only way to move any square on any face of the cube is to move twelve squares all at once. I may want to move one manager, rewrite one section of the plan, modify one advertising concept, drop one product line, add one new service, or relocate one branch office. But every change has multiple results, planned and otherwise.
You have to give up what you have to get what you want. Getting one face of the cube all the same color is not too difficult, but progress beyond that point requires losing part of that beautifully complete face. Most people fail the cube because they cannot destroy the first complete face they achieve. They cling to the lovely but unfinished present and sacrifice the future.
As it was read, the images of change at Easter were flashing in my mind with all the progress and complexity. And then a larger question came to mind: does this puzzle toy and the physics that govern it represent our spiritual lives? Are we prepared to uphold our values every day and not allow them to be changed?
Do we recognize all the transformations in our lives when we make a change that accepts God? Do we cling to the unfinished present and sacrifice our future in the eyes of God?
Dear Lord, help us to see the changes in our lives that would serve you. Guide us to separate those things derived from your word that must not change, from those things that must change in order to accomplish your will. Please help us find the courage to let go of our time, talent, and treasure to serve you and others in need so that we may build a future with you. In Jesus' name we pray, Amen.
You can see it in the stores this time of year. Right next to the multiple aisles of Halloween paraphernalia are a couple rows of Christmas merchandise tucked in for good measure. Just in case, you – just – can't – wait. And how do you feel about Christmas music? Some people listen to it all year long and just love it. Some reserve it for after Thanksgiving or when the snow starts to fly.
At our house Christmas creeps into our lives during the summer. My husband Dan and I direct the Christmas Pageant at Easter Lutheran Church and planning starts early. We talk about the script, the music and what we want to change for this year. I sometimes struggle to get into the Christmas spirit this early but God carries me along when the meetings start. I can hear the Christmas music in my head.
By the time October rolls around planning, discussion and emails for the Christmas pageant are in full swing. I have about 10 emails in my inbox right now regarding the pageant and the 5th and 6th graders are starting to turn in their sign-up sheets for speaking parts. I can feel the excitement building and I know that rehearsals will start soon.
Dan and I put a lot of time into thinking about how the scenes should look, how certain lines should sound and helping the kids portray the story in meaningful ways. But it's not just about the performance. It's not just about what it looks like to the congregation. It's about the kids and what they're learning about the Christmas story for the first time. It's about what they're learning about Jesus for the first time. It's about the new appreciation they have for Him and the plan of salvation God set into motion when Jesus was born on earth and laid in a lowly manger.
So, while the process of getting into the Christmas spirit starts for me in the summer and takes awhile for me to warm up to it's not the process I'm interested in. This is much like my faith. I want my faith to go beyond the process – go beyond what I'm doing, when I'm going to church, what my life looks like as a Christian. I want to go beyond the process of getting the pageant ready and speak to the hearts of the children in the pageant and the congregation that will see it in December. I don't want my faith to look like boxes I'm checking off so it looks like I'm getting ready for Jesus. I want both the pageant and my faith life to have heart. I want to love Jesus and reflect Him to others because of what's on the inside not what people see on the outside.
Come to the Christmas pageant on Sunday, December 13th at Easter by the Lake at 9:30 and 11:00am. See what God can do in the lives of children and their depiction of His Son's birth. We hope you leave moved, inspired and maybe even learning something new that you didn't know before.
I'm getting used to Christmas in October. It's an early reminder of what God has done for me and what He continues to do in the lives of others.
Sara Currell is a member of Easter Lutheran Church. She loves teaching kids the Bible, singing and celebrating Christmas all year long.
My wife quilts. She has made each of our sons, and our nieces, quilts when they graduated high school, so they would have something to remind them of home when they went off to college.
I was reminded of quilts as my plane took off from the Minot ND airport recently. The farmland around Minot looks like one gigantic quilt; a patchwork of acres put together by farmers. Made by man.
But it doesn't t take me long to remember, and realize, that the beauty of nature comes from God. Man tills the land and plants the seeds that grow into crops to feed others. But God created the first seeds. God created rain, and sunlight, without which crops could not grow.
Too often we think we accomplished something all by ourselves. We consider ourselves 'self made' men and women. But we forget that EVERYTHING comes from the Lord.
When I have a crisis of faith (and they do happen periodically), I look at nature, and walk backwards….that tree came from a seed, that God created, watered by rain that God created, nurtured by sunlight that God created….nature's complexity, for me, is a constant reminder that we are not a random combination of atoms, but the work, the creation, of God.
Reminds me, once again, of my favorite bible verse: "Be still and know that I am God" (Psalm 46:10).
You only have to pause, be still, and look at nature to be reminded of His presence.
Over 8,500 runners completed the Twin Cities Marathon this past weekend. I am in awe of their perseverance. I much prefer shorter runs and anything farther than five kilometers has my body gasping for air and my mind giving up. On October 11th, my sister will run the Chicago marathon.
My sister is an inspiration. She recently took up the challenge to run the marathon and is, by no means, a distance runner. I say this lovingly, remembering that the last marathon she ran was around ten years ago. However, she set a goal to run and has worked hard in training. I will also mention that in addition to her rigorous training she works far more hours a week than she gets credit for and dashes her two active sons to activities. I'm proud of her beyond words and wish I could be there to see her cross the finish line.
Had they stuck it out.
Pastor Brandon Newton is executive pastor at Easter Lutheran Church in Eagan, Minnesota.
How about just one word: Grace?
Do you know 'Grace', God's grace?
God's light shines on us, His love envelops us, even though we have done nothing to earn or deserve it. That's God's grace.
I can't remember which of my boys was having a temper tantrum, but It was a full all out screaming, crying, kicking, thrashing tantrum….something had him mad, sad, and furious all at the same time. I remember picking him up and holding him tight. And the crying and screaming went on for awhile. And then the screaming turned to sobs, and finally, exhausted, he lay in my arms.
This is how I picture God's grace with us…through everything we go through, good or bad, in sickness or in health, through all our frustrations, loneliness, through and despite all our sins, His arms are around us as we thrash about in life, holding us tight, restoring us to peace.
He is there for us always, even though we have done nothing to deserve Him or His love.


Convenience and comfort is the key to lodging Super 8 Midvale. An ideal I215 location puts you less than 18 miles away from Snowbird, Solitude, Brighton Alta, Deer Valley and Park City ski areas. Start each day with free breakfast, and hop a ride on the ski bus right across the street. After a full day, enjoy free Wi-Fi, full cable TV with HBO and relax in the hot tub, open all day and night for your convenience. Your lodging choice is easy and super affordable at the Super 8, especially with deals like this one.
• Located off I25 within 20-30 minute drive to 7 major ski resorts.
• Rooms and suites with 24-hour hot tub, WiFi and full cable with HBO.
• Complimentary continental breakfast served each morning.
• Ride the ski bus from the hotel to major ski resorts.


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Builders of points - Re-arrange the top ten
Posts by Jen'sFan
Jen'sFan
Volcana said:
Take the top ten (or eight, or six, or sixteen)
Now re-arrange them according to point building skill. You can't hold good serves against players, but it aces aren't 'built' points. Ties go to the higher ranked player, so if you aren't sure, assume the rankings have SOME validity. Don't go crazy. ALL top ten player build points better than ALL player ranked outside the top hundred.
Understand, this isn't a list of 'who's the best'. If you don't understand yourself how points are built, you're going to have a little trouble.
I'm not planning on heavy defense of my choices, this is too subjective, but here's my first take on the list.
00 Hingis - (Cause standards are nice)
01 Henin-Hardenne
02 Rubin
03 Maursemo
04 V Williams
05 Davenport
** I would have had Venus and Lindsay reverse on this list in past years. But Venus is constructing points better since its become obvious she can't beat Serena any other way. (Actually, that way hasn't worked either, but things are closer.) And Lindsay is not constructing points as well as she was three years ago, or finishing them off as well.
06 S Williams
** This might be kinda low for Serena, but her idea of 'opening up the court' is getting a six inch wide lane she can get the ball through. She does try to construct points, in the late round, vs her sister or Capriati or the Belgians. But against most players, it never becomes necessary to do more than move them back and forth along the baseline.
07 Myskina
08 Sugiyama
09 Capriati
10 Clijsters
Note that Sugiyama and Myskina are ahead of Kim. 'How can that be?' You ask. Easy. Myskina, for example, knows what she's doing out there. She'll ATTEMPT to construct points, but it's virtually impossible for her to get a ball outside Kim's range. Kim can keep returning til she gets a ball she can put away.
Constructing points is just a skill. It's like having a good forehand. It won't win the tournament for you, but its nice to have.
im not a big fan of kim but behind sugiyama? come on be realistic. she should be 4th imo
ANDRE * MARTINA * ROGER
really? maybe thats why she may never win a grand slam cos other players are not making big errors. like the major players
Volcana Aug 13, 2003


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Q: Pasar arreglo de componente padre a componente hijo Angular Estoy usando la librería ng2-chart y deseo pasar la informacion de un componente padre al comonente hijo.
La informacion la obtengo desde una API que me proporciona los datos.
Pero no está cargando la informacion:
export class PruebasComponent implements OnInit {

  lineChartData: ChartDataSets[];
  lineChartLabels: Label[];

En el ngOnInit obtengo la data
ngOnInit() {
    this.loading = true;

    this.datos.getDesktopLimit().subscribe(
      res => {
        this.loading = false;
        this.data = [res];
        this.dataSource = this.data[0];
        this.barChartData = true;
        this.getFilter(this.dataSource);
      }
    )
  }

y a través de la funcion getFilter() logro modificar los datos que quiero enviar:
  getFilter(data) {

     data.sort((a, b) => a.id - b.id);
    for (let entry of data) {
      this.date.push(moment(entry.created).format('DD-MM-YYYY HH:mm'))
      this.time.push(entry.total_load_time * 0.001)
    }

    this.lineChartData =  [{ data: this.time, label: 'Time Render' }]  /* [ { data: [65, 59, 80, 81, 56, 55, 40], label: 'Series A' }] */;

    this.lineChartLabels = this.date;

    this.loading = false
  }

[datasets] està enviado el dato vacio
 <app-graphic [datasets]="[lineChartData]" [labels]="lineChartLabels"></app-graphic>

A: Intenta cargar tu componente hasta que la data haya sido cargada en tu variable, segun veo usas la variable "loading"
<app-graphic *ngIf="!this.loading" [datasets]="[lineChartData]" [labels]="lineChartLabels"></app-graphic>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Saturday, April 6 at 2 PM – 6:30 PM: The 6th Annual Firkin Festival, presented by Moe's Original Bar B Que and Budweiser Busch Distributing, will be held on Saturday, April 6th at 701 Spring Hill Avenue. Benefiting the American Cancer Society, the festival features participating breweries showcasing distinctive cask ale in a firkin, a barrel made of stainless steel that holds 10.8 gallons of beer. Firkins are unique in the sense that the beer goes through a secondary fermentation in the vessel. This year's participating breweries include Avondale Brewing Company, Back Forty Brewing Company, Fairhope Brewing Company, Black Warrior Brewing, Druid City Brewing Company, Ghost Train Brewing, Grayton Beer Company, Props Brewing Company, Straight to Ale Brewing Company, Yellowhammer Brewing Company and Interstellar Brewing Company.


Looking for ideal Universal Bike Lock Manufacturer & supplier ? We have a wide selection at great prices to help you get creative. All the Odorless Environmental Bike Lock are quality guaranteed. We are China Origin Factory of Bicycle Cable Lock. If you have any question, please feel free to contact us.


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January Workshops
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Covid 19 Safety Precautions
About open studio
open studio Subscription
Tool & Gem Sale
Members' Work
King Soopers Rewards
Enhancing Art Through Metalsmithing
Submit an Item for Sale
Electrolytic Etching with Beth Van De Water
Sunday, June 14 from 9am to 5pm. $145 for members, $195 for non-members. Additional materials fee payable in class.
For more information and our cancellation policy, see below.
Want to create a pattern, original design or lettering on metal? Learn how to etch copper-based metals using electricity. We'll be using car battery chargers and copper sulfate to etch copper, brass or nickel silver. Ferric nitrate solution will also be available if you want to etch silver.
If you have experience etching with ferric chloride and are tired of waiting for hours for your etching to appear, electrolytic etching is oh-so-much-better. The process is less toxic, more precise and seriously faster - one hour or less.
What you'll want to bring:.
5-6 pieces copper, nickel silver or brass sheet no larger than 2" x 2" for etching
One or more black and white (no grey at all) pattern or image no larger than 2" x 2" for etching
Green Scotchbright pads (2)
Sterling silver for etching (optional)
Burnisher or spoon
Materials kit* $25 (cash or check)
Copper sulfate solution
Cupric Nitrate solution
Ferric Nitrate solution
Toner Transfer paper (TTP)
*Materials kit purchase is required for all our workshops. The kit insures all students have the same tools and materials require to learn the technique and allows the instructor and the students to focus on the technique rather than the materials.
Beth Van De Water says "Jewelry making was the result of a welding class gone astray (a backyard fire was involved). A smaller torch was sought to learn how to cut, glue, and form metal. The delicate nature of silver and gold along with the miniature masterpieces created in this art form over years drew me in and has entrapped me since. Adornment is one of the oldest know forms of art—even the Neanderthal where found with beaded necklaces. To make something that will be loved, worn and hopefully be passed along is a joy. "
Check out her website at https://www.bellevoir.org.
Maximum 8 students. Students must be 18 or older and sign a waiver to participate in the class.
You may cancel up to 30 days prior to the start of the class and receive a full refund, less $25 processing. To cancel, send an email to info@bouldermetalsmiths.com.
Cancellations less than 30 days prior to the start date will not be refunded.
In the event we have to cancel a class, you will be notified prior to the start date and will be issued a full refund.
Registration is not transferrable. You may not sell your seat to another student.
If a class has multiple sessions, and you miss one, there is no make up opportunity and the instructor will not catch you up at the next class session. You may not join the next scheduled class, as there's a maximum number of students for every class and it's not fair to the other students.
If you are late to a class, the instructor will not catch you up. There's a structured curriculum for every class and its not fair to other students to skip part of the curriculum to catch up a student who's late.
By clicking on the "I'm going" button and by paying the registration fee, you are agreeing to this cancellation policy.
Don't Miss a Thing!
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4919 Broadway, Units 14 & 15, Boulder, CO 80304 • 303.630.9263 • info@bouldermetalsmiths.com
@2015 Boulder Metalsmithing Association. All rights reserved.
Boulder Metalsmithing Association is a 501(c)(3) Colorado non-profit.


text:
Esthlogena maculifrons is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1868. It is known from Brazil.

References

Pteropliini
Beetles described in 1868


I got invited to a couple high profile charity events over the next few months. I am not familiar with the charity scene. Any suggestions on what to wear? Not sure how to style myself.
I think it depends on the invite - some specify dress codes. For instance, some may require black-tie/cocktail attire, others might be a little more relaxed, some business casual.
If possible, if these are annual charity events, can you look at pictures from years past to get an idea?
Formal ones are usually black tie. For the more casual ones, cocktail attire is OK (never anything too revealing or skimpy, though, unless the fundraiser is associated with the fashion industry!).
In terms of media, bright colors look great in photos @ the more casual events. Or, try a classic dress with a bold, fun accessory!
But in most cases, I would say a nice knee length dress that is not too revealing should do the trick.
Got a knee length black cocktail dress from Calvin Klein. It should do the trick.
what would you guys recommend for a black tie fundraising event?
I go to lots of charity events (usually cocktail attire). What I wear sort of depends on the people attending the event. If it's the young-ish, fun, trendy crowd, then I wear classic HL styles (that fall just above the knee and don't expose too much cleavage). If it is an older crowd, I dress a bit more conservatively.


Guadalupe Mountains, Signal Peak - The Dunes.
"The National Park Service calls these 'The Dunes.' Good enough for me. One needs to get a key and directions from Park Headquarters located on US 180 near Signal Peak.


text:
Do You Know about These New Surety Bond Requirements for Freight Brokers?
Written by Jim Casey in Freight Broker Business,Freight Broker TrainingLast Updated March 31, 2013
It used to be that the surety bond required for freight brokers was at $10,000. Soon, it'll be $75,000, thanks to legislation signed by the President in July of last year and which will take effect in July of 2013.
The new business cost drew some howls from small freight brokerages, but since there's some months yet before the law takes effect, you may want to know what the updated surety bond requirement would mean for your business.
History of the Freight Broker Surety Bond
The bond requirement that freight brokers have to comply with to obtain their license came about as early as the 30s. Back then, it was designed to protect shippers from unscrupulous brokers. In the 80s, judicial action extended that protection to carriers to ensure that freight brokers paid the truckers for services rendered.
Many decades later, around 2004, there was a petition from a major trucking association to further increase the bond set in the 70s at $10,000 to as much as $500,000. They argued that the current surety bond amount is insufficient to cover their losses when their trucks aren't paid by fly-by-night freight brokers—the rates have to account for inflation, too.
One counter argument after another shelved the proposal, until three big industry associations usually at odds with one another—the Owner Operators Independent Drivers Association (OOIDA), the American Trucking Association (ATA) and the Transportation Intermediaries Association (TIA)—were able to iron out an agreement for the increase. Their lobbying in Congress yielded fruit when the bill increasing the surety bond passed.
There's some comfort to what some legal experts are saying. The law on the new freight broker surety bond may actually take effect several months more after July 2013.
The regulation will still undergo public comment, re-evaluation and rewriting (based on the comments submitted) before freight brokers will actually shell out the necessary expense. And then there might be legal challenges to the new law, setting back its implementation to a few months more. Industry insiders are saying the new surety bond may take effect in 2014 or even in 2015. Freight brokers will be given enough time to raise the funds to comply with the new regulations.
How the New Surety Bond Will Affect Freight Brokers
Again, the increase in the surety bond requirement is supposed to protect shippers and carriers from shady freight brokers. The higher rates are designed to weed out fraud in the industry and keep motor carriers from taking on losses when freight brokers fail to pay them.
Some small freight brokerages though are accusing the big brokerages behind TIA—a professional association of freight brokers—that they're trying to eliminate competition from small operations (the 'mom and pop' variety).
They may not be far off, given the possible consequences for smaller freight brokerages are once the rate increase on surety bonds goes in full force:
Mergers between freight brokers. It's the best solution—when two freight brokerages combine their economic power in order to afford new rates. This could yield to a stronger, better business and partnership because both will bring a solid base of loyal shippers and carriers to the table.
Sale of freight brokerages to more liquid brokers. Some brokerages may get lucky. Since they've built enough reputation and goodwill for their brand, not to mention a steady base of customers, they could get other brokerages—existing or new brokers—to purchase their business. At least, they'll exit with enough finances to show for their years of hard work.
Business closures. Indeed, $75,000 is a big outlay that small businesses won't absorb easily. Although the higher surety bond rate will edge out unscrupulous freight brokers it'll also negatively impact reputable but smaller property brokers who can't afford the new rates given today's economic climate.
Stiffer requirements for obtaining surety bonds. Experts are saying that underwriters will hesitate to take on a $75,000-bond more than ever. (They're already cautious on the $10,000 bond.) To compensate, they might ask freight brokers to match it with liquid assets comparable to or even more than the amount of the new bond rate.
Changes in hauling rates. The country's economic prospects are picking up but not enough to cushion the impact of increasing rates. The freight broker may have to distribute the added expense across loads. Otherwise, they'll have to take in more loads to absorb the costs so as not to turn off customers if they have to increase service rates. Somewhere somehow, there are additional risks and tradeoffs to this possibility but until the rates are in effect, we'll never know what they are.
Actually, other freight brokers welcome the rate increase, particularly because there'll be fewer competition in the market. Plus, there'll be additional barriers to entry into the freight brokerage business. To date, there are about 20,300 property brokers with surety bonds in the country. With the rate hike, this figure could dive considerably, resulting in more business for surviving freight brokerages.
What we haven't factored into all these though is the resiliency of small business owners. We make up the backbone of the American economy. We've gone through many challenges and survived many of them. Unlike "mega" brokerages, "micro" freight brokers can survive on up to 10 steady, profitable customers so there's a huge likelihood that we'll weather this surety bond rate hike, too. After all, every business suffers setbacks once in a while but no business owner worth their salt has ever backed down from any problems or challenges yet.
Jim Casey
Freight Broker Training Headquarters is a hub for all of your Freight Broker training needs. Whether you are just getting started in your transportation, shipping and logistics career, or want to advance your existing career, we strive to provide you the resources to maximize your career aspirations.