What is the correct water temperature for brewing coffee?
Boiling water from the kettle. Now wait a little before brewing.
When I make coffee with my drip brewer, it heats up the water and, I guess, it's at the right temperature when it brews the coffee. But what about when I use my French press? Someone told me I should never pour boiling water on coffee. Is that true?
The ideal temperature for brewing coffee is 200 Degrees Fahrenheit. That said, don't get overly concerned about hitting the exact right temperature.
Drip brewers have their own thermostats, and some even offer you a choice of more than one brewing temperature. Why they do that is a bit of a mystery. Perhaps they are trying to appeal to people who don't want their coffee too hot.
If you are boiling water for use in a French press, bring the water to a boil and then leave it to rest for a minute before pouring in onto the coffee grinds. Again, whether you wait for a full minute or you get impatient and pour the water after thirty seconds, don't worry about it. A few degrees difference won't spoil your coffee.
Comments for What is the correct water temperature for brewing coffee?
Water boils at 212(Dg-Fh/at sea levle)which is enough to disrupt the flavor. The more Hot the water, the more bitter the oil will be as it scorches or turns the oils. In saying that the waters job is to distill the oils and flavor from the ground bean, but as I said above hotter water more bitter the oil.
The cook of the bean itself plays larger role. Beans are roasted at different temps and for different time periods as to make the bean brown or blacker. This effects the bean brew flavor and essential bitterness as the oil is in the bean to begin with and before it even reaches the coffee pot.
The coffee bean (oil) bitters with each increase in temp/time to the roast,so the blacker (most time) the more bitter and stronger the flavor. Likewise it is distilled as the water runs over it, so even the water may change the roasted oil if the water is too hot.
Many of the auto drips perk up 12-20 degrees too hot as that is the mechanics to pump water up hill and will actually scorch the bean and distilled oil...no matter how its final temp is determined in the cup.
Its like frying bacon, if the heat is too hot the bacon will burn before it cooks....that simple!
Thus the reason java freaks like 15 bar pumps, french press and temp controls...so they can play with the temp of the brew a little.
If 12-20 degrees does not seem to be too important to you then there is not much use in being in this discussion.
The bottom line, you have to play around with the roast (and find one that suits your taste) as that will first determine the bitterness more so, then the water temp will also play a role in extracting the bitterness; and the temp of the water may influence the bitterness of the oil.
After reading dozens of posts I am amazed that no one has mentioned the need to stir the grounds as they are saturated with water. After talking to a few experts and amateurs. This is a key step in order to get full extraction and full flavor. Pour the water Onto the beans, pause and stir. You can even do this with an automatic coffee maker with cone filter.
I've been using a Melitta pour over (a term I learned here) for years. They used to say 180-200 d., now it's higher but I haven't changed. I use an instant read thermometer, Brita filtered water and (the squeamish, stop reading) make around 8 medium sized mugs at a time. I fill 4 or so mugs and leave the rest in the glass carafe, after mixing it all in a large pitcher (as it takes a few fills to get that much). I cover the mugs with plastic wrap and leave all in the refrig.
I just don't want to be bothered making coffee all the time. Each day I heat a mug or maybe 2 in the microwave for around 2.5 min. so each cup is only reheated one time. Using Melita filters, I feel confident that there are little to no coffee particles left to keep brewing (hold the glass up to the light and you will see no particles settled on the bottom). And yes, I do grind the beans each time I make coffee - with a bladed grinder that makes very even grounds.
The Bunn coffee machines are good for satisfying the majority of consumer's taste for coffee. This accomplishment is a result of the design of the machine. The coffee in a Bunn is brewed at a slightly hotter temperature than that which is in the pot.
The thermostat is on the water tank and the water cools to the desired drinking temperature during the brewing process. These machines do not have a vacation setting, and are designed for daily use. If coffee making is reduced to 3 day or more intervals then some of the water will evaporate out of the tank.
The newer Bunn machines have a water level board which will add water when this occurs. Filters remove minerals and purify water at the micron level, thus helping the coffee taste better.
Why are the last few letters of text clipped off in the comments section here? ...very annoying !
Editor's Note: I'll look into it. Thanks for the heads-up.
Almost all coffee is brewed with the water tmperature way too hot - at the 200 degree myth! This brings out way too much bitterness and destroys the taste of most coffee. For pour over the perfect temperature is between 170-180 (max!). For smooth, rich tasting cup of pour over, try it. You'll love it Pre-heat your cup as noted by others below.
There is a lot more than just the water temperature.
Bunn Omatic brewer. We bought a used Bunn over 10 years ago on Ebay. With some new electronics and cleaning, it makes consistently great coffee. Hooked to the house water with an inline filter it makes 12 cups in under 4 minutes. Grind, place in filter and flip the switch. It's the best flavor and easiest to use.
Hario Sihpon - We love this but it does take a lot of effort compared to every other method. for flavor it gets the number two slot. We use this with other couples over for dinner, it is great theatre and equally great coffee.
French Press - Simplicity is number three compared to the Bunn and the Krupps and for flavor it also holds the number three spot.
Pour over drip coffee maker. Not as good as the others but makes ok coffee in 12 cup lots at the table.
Krupps automatic drip coffee maker. It looks like this is terrible being last but it's not that bad. It's the second easiest to use and makes ok coffee, like all drip coffee makers, it does an ok job of making coffee and is the second easiest next to the Bunn. These also take a lot longer to make a pot of java and the "sneak a cup" features should not be used as they take away from the early part of the pot and these coffee makers are best when the whole pot is made to combine first before serving.
Other things, we roast our own beans and use a mill grinder at home and each method requires something different from the roast and the grinder but it is fun to find those sweet spots.
I've been experimenting with water temps for a few months. I've been using a #6 or a #2 Melitta filter and a pretty generous amt of coffee.
I'm finding that pouring my brewing water into the cone at 180 degrees results in a very smooth coffee. I have to preheat my coffee mug to keep the coffee hot enough. No problem as the taste is worth it.
I wonder if anyone else can comment on their experience? The usual coffee water temp advice is 200 degrees or so, but I think that may be questioned.
Since we moved to Colorado from Cape Cod (from sea level to high altitude) my drip coffee maker doesn't get the water hot enough, only to about 160-165 F. At first I thought the coffee maker was broken, and started using my French press that I keep as a back up. However, that is not my favorite method to make coffee, as I find it a bit oily. Today I bought another drip coffee maker, only to find the water still did not get above 160. Then it dawned on me that water boils at a lower temperature at high altitude and perhaps this is the problem with the coffee makers. I don't enjoy luke-warm coffee. I am considering boiling the water first and then running it through the coffee maker, but don't know if this will damage it. Any suggestions?
We had been using a Bunn Pro drip coffee maker to make the water hot for our French Press (it was $80 on eBay versus $200 for the under the sink item, about ten years ago) and it finally fell apart this week.
Same beans, grind, etc...water temperature makes a *huge* difference. I never knew...have to let it boil and cool down for more than five minutes or take off burner as it starts to 'rumble' and wait to cool down at least four minutes.
Therefore nearly all coffee makers actually heat the water to same temperature. If it doesnt boil, it wont go up in the pipes!
i have been exprimenting with my yama stove top siphon.
The ideal temp profile seems to be, 197F when i put in the coffee. The temperature rises onces the coffee is in the top vessel, so i wait till i know that 197 is the stable temp, (its not on a rising trajectory).
As soon as i put in the coffee, i turn the stove down lower, but not to the lowest. (am using a gas stove).
15-30 seconds later the coffee starts to drip and has completely dripped by 1.5 minutes.
This protocol is optimized for light-medium roast yirgacheffe and panama esmeralda.
Cone on cup with paper filter, 1/4 cup fine ground coffee, hot water dispenser at sink 190 deg. cover coffee, wait 2 min. cover again until cup is full. Black only.
I've used a range of methods to produce a cup of coffee. They include stove-top percolator, electric-automatic drip filter machine, cafetiere or french press, and others. I have also used a Groundhog filter/filter basket directly in a glass jug and poured water through it.
- for drip coffee makers, the time that the coffee spends in the pot, being kept warm, before you pour it to drink.
You'll find many different permutations being recommended, because we each have different needs and taste.
So don't get tied into a ritual of leaving 150mg of coffee in 96 degree Celsius Evian water for 3.65 minutes before drinking 8.75 fluid ounces of the stuff topped off with 3 fluid ounces of goat milk, no sweetener.
Experiment with different things. Experience the range of tastes.
And don't shun instant coffee, when you need a quick fix, unless you choose to not.
Don't let anybody tell you the best way to make your coffee.
1) Variations in coffee estate.
4) Most importantly, personal preference.
I'm a coffee snob, but I doubt I like my coffee the same as many other coffee snobs. I am a "supertaster", which is pretty much a bad thing. Bitter things make me cringe. If I need sugar or cream (or sugar AND cream) I won't be having a second cup.
Since about 25% of the population are supertasters, 25% ARE "non-tasters" and 50% are "normal" tasters, you're not going to find a lot of agreement on something with such a complex taste as coffee.
I think french press tastes atrocious. I used to think it was an affected frou-frou device for the ostentatious. (although I have one in my cabinet, along with a vacuum brewer). However as I got older I understood it was just a method for people to try and achieve the perfect cup, so go for it.
I use about a tablespoon and a half of fresh ground (instead of the "standard" two) and every time I use a new roast or estate I have to play with the temperature of my water, often as low as 180°F, to find what I consider pleasing.
YOUR perfect cup of coffee is worth searching for too, so play with the temperature!
I used my trusty cooking thermometer to test how fast the temperature falls after boiling a pot of water. I used a stainless steel 2-quart pot for the test. First, very interesting that the water will start to boil around 205 degrees. Letting it get to a full boil after another 30 seconds or so brings it to 210-212 degrees, depending on your barometric pressure of your local weather. Mine is typically 210 degrees and I live in Fairfax, VA. However, once removing from the burner, the temperature falls quickly. After only 20 seconds, it was down to 207 degrees, and 30 seconds for 204 degrees. Waiting two minutes reduces the temperature to 180 degrees. So, from my experiment, 30 seconds is about perfect and 2 minutes it too long. Note that I removed the pot from the burner....if you leave the pot on the burner and just turn off the heat, the water temperature would fall more slowly. I didn't test that scenario.
I have found that the best tasting coffee is the Tanzanian Peaberry at Barnies. Always start with whole bean coffee as coffee starts to lose flavor almost imediately once its ground. In culinary school, we were taught that 205 degrees is the perfect temp for brewing coffee, as it allows the water to get all the flavor out of the bean without burning it. Never use boiling water, and never use water that has been previously boiled, as boiling releases a lot of the oxygen from the water, and it will brew a flat cup of coffee. Filtered water is best to use as it removes chlorine from the water. Always immediately pour your coffee into a preheated pump thermos. Do not allow it to sit on a heating plate and never reheat the coffee. If you must reheat, the microwave is the best method for that as long as you do not leave it in there for more than 45 seconds. And for the best flavor in your coffee, add just a pinch of salt to the coffee grounds before brewing, as the chemical action of salt brings out the flavor to its maximum. It will not taste salty. Remember, just a pinch.
will cool to 185, even with a preheated french press and a tea cozy. so starting a little hotter, say 204 is probably better.
"a few degrees difference won't spoil your coffee"
Everyone who is saying that the water temperature needs to be EXACTLY 92 to 96 degrees celcius and shouting for the author to correct his statement that "a few degrees difference won't spoil your coffee," should just relax. The difference between 92 and 96 is a few degrees!
The difference between the boiling point of water (212 degrees F) and letting boiling water sit a minute or two off the heat to cool down will most likely fall into this 4 degree margin.
Just make sure your thermometer is calibrated, or you never know if the temperature you're measuring is correct or not. To calibrate a dial-display thermometer, bring a pot of water to a boil. Insert the tip of the thermometer. It should read 212 F. If it doesn't, adjust the dial until it does.
If you are brewing too hot, you risk the chance of scortching the beans (at the worst) or just evaporating a lot of coffee aroma (at the least). In the latter case, your house will smell wonderful, but your coffee will smell and taste flat.
As far as serving temperature goes, I think that coffee should be served immediately after brewing. So it should still be pretty close to the original brewing temperature. Do not hold coffee on the heat for extended periods of time. As soon as it is brewed, it starts to lose its aroma and taste. Brew in small batches if you're going to be serving throughout the morning/evening. Or maybe invest in an airpot, which will keep the coffee as hot as possible for as long as possible while preventing the evaporation of those lovely aromatic oils.
Anyone who has camped or used a percolator will dispute this. The water needs to be boiling and should continue to boil for a little while when making coffee. Coffee made with too low a temperature is awful.
9. Use fresh, premium coffee beans.
The Capresso T 455, combination grinder and drip coffee machine has been mentioned to me several times as the best choice for home use.
it features a burr grinder, supposed to be the best, it features a resevoir for your beans, so you don't have to measure the beans everytime, and it heats the water to 200F which is by most opinions the best temp to brew coffee. And it costs from $169-$200 depending on where you buy it. I'm new to drinking coffee, have been basically a tea drinker, but now coffee in the afternoon. One thing I do notice is alot of difference in tast, so far I have found that grinding your own beans makes a better cup of coffee. Now to determine the best beans, it's gonna take awhile. Of the five types I've tried, Dunkin Donuts original blend have been the smoothest so far, with an excellent aftertaste.
8. Gevalia coffee is CRAP.
I have just purchased a drip brewing coffee machine,this machine keeps on producing coffee that tastes burnt.Can anybody help me as to why?
I replaced a Mr Coffee auto drip coffee maker with a new one and have not had a good cup of coffee with the new pot. I have tried adding a few more beans of a bold brew and have even changed to an extra bold brew but still get almost no flavor. I shouldn't have to increase the contents or change to a bolder flavor, so I'm wondering if the temperature of the water running through is not hot enough. Can someone help or give me a few suggestions?
From what I understand, the Technivorm Electric Drip Coffee Brewer is the only electric drip coffee brewer that heats the water to a proper 200º F. Sweetmarias sells them. The downside is the cost?$245 and $265. Another option is a French Press and a variable temperature electric kettle such as the Chef Choice 688 Smart Kettle or Breville BKE820XL Variable Temperature Kettle. And a low-cost single cup brewer solution is described on this website.
I still enjoy using the old perculator type on the stove. Best coffee and aroma although you do need to watch the temp does not get to hot.
What coffeemaker does keep the hottest coffee? I have purchased the cuisinart w/ hot plate temperature control and it's still not very hot.
I agree, temperature is important. Yes, a few degrees might not make a difference, but does a $20 coffee machine get to the 200 degree point?
I think the original author meant that getting the temp EXACTLY 200 degrees F, (93.5 Celsius) is not vital. A few degrees off doesn't matter, as with the range you stated.
When you say not to worry about if the temperature is not the right one when brewing coffee, you are contributing greatly to the making of a big mistake!
Water temperature in brewing a great cup of coffee is VITAL. It has to be between 92 and 96 celsius degrees! No more or no less. When you dismiss this fact so lightly you show how little you know about coffee brewing! Please correct this serious mistake!
What is the proper serving temperature for coffee?
Good question. I fear not.
It's beautifully simple and is made from metal and glass only.
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Contributors Fundamental Analysis Weekly Economic and Financial Commentary: Trade to Buoy U.S. GDP…at Least in...
Weekly Economic and Financial Commentary: Trade to Buoy U.S. GDP…at Least in the First Quarter
Wells Fargo Securities
Apr 20, 05:59 GMT
U.S. Review
Outlook for Q1 GDP Is Brighter, But Can it Be Sustained?
Two indicators this week turned the tables on what to expect out of next week's GDP report. We now look for an annualized growth rate of 2.6% for the economy in the first quarter.
An unexpected narrowing in the trade deficit is one rationale, as this indicates a big boost from trade. A surge in civilian aircraft exports was a key factor and one that we do not see as sustainable.
Retailers posted the best monthly increase in a year and a half, which means less of a slowdown in consumer spending than many had feared. Thanks to a solid labor backdrop and other positive fundamentals, the consumer spending story has legs.
Trade to Buoy U.S. GDP…at Least in the First Quarter
Perhaps the most impactful economic development this week was news that the trade deficit unexpectedly narrowed in February as exports surged 1.1% and imports rose just 0.2%. Of the roughly $2.3 billion increase in exports, $2.2 billion came from just one category: civilian aircraft. Given Boeing's challenges with its 737 MAX line of aircraft, we expect this dynamic to unwind in coming months. For more on the impact to growth from Boeing, see our recent special report.
The one-off surge in aircraft exports was a bit of a surprise, but another reason that the narrowing in the trade deficit caught most forecasters off-guard is the fact that this is occurring amid ongoing tariff disputes and a deterioration in the outlook for global GDP growth. Global export volumes, for example, are down 1.0% on a year-over-year basis and as the middle chart shows, this is something that rarely occurs outside of a U.S. recession. If global trade continues to dry up, eventually U.S. exports will be vulnerable to that slowing.
For now however, trade is on track to provide a sizable boost to GDP growth in the first quarter. According to our latest tally, net exports will add about 0.7 percentage points to the annualized rate of GDP growth in the first quarter before becoming a drag in the second quarter.
Consumers on Track to Offer Sustainable Support to GDP
Although we have concerns about the ability of net exports to be a sustainable driver of GDP growth in subsequent quarters, the consumer is poised to be a more sustainable driver, and here we also got some good news this week.
We had been bracing for a slowdown in the pace of Q1 consumer spending, but after this week's solid report on March retail sales, it now appears that the slowdown in spending will be more modest than feared.
Even after retail sales fell in two out of three months leading up to this week's report for March, we have maintained the view that this was a soft patch rather than the beginning of a sustained retrenchment in consumer spending. That assessment gained credibility with news that retailers saw a 1.6% pop in March sales. That was the best month in the past year and a half and takes some of the sting out of recent disappointing reports.
Control group retail sales excludes some of the more volatile categories and feeds into the personal consumption expenditure line in the GDP report. This category notched a solid 1.0% gain in March. That may not be enough to meaningfully lift Q1 consumer spending, but it indicates a higher starting point and some momentum going into the second quarter.
Unlike the boost from trade which is likely to be a flash-in-the-pan, the improvement in consumer spending is on track to remain supportive of GDP growth in coming quarters. The tight labor market is at last generating average hourly earnings growth north of 3% and that ought to be sufficient to allow consumers to continue to spend as the year progresses.
U.S. Outlook
Existing Home Sales • Monday
Next week begins with existing home sales data for March. Given February's 11.8% surge, we expect a modest pull back in sales for the month. Pending home sales, which reflect purchase contracts and precede existing sales by one to two months, registered a small decline in February, meaning March closings will likely exhibit a similar pattern. However, the return of winter weather likely influenced pending contracts, and February's weakness masks an overall improvement in buying conditions in recent months, which should be supportive of sales moving forward. Underlying demand continues to be solid, marked by low unemployment and rising wages. As the Fed maintains a more dovish monetary policy stance, mortgage rates continue to track lower, which has induced a steady rise in mortgage purchase applications. Overall, existing home sales appear set for modest improvement this year compared to relatively sluggish activity experienced throughout much of 2018.
Previous: 5.51M Wells Fargo: 5.38M Consensus: 5.30M
Durable Goods Orders • Thursday
Thursday brings the advanced report for durable goods orders. Total orders declined 1.6% in February, and we expect orders partially rebounded during March. February's decline was owed to a 31.1% decline in commercial aircraft orders. Orders excluding the volatile transportation sector fared slightly better, rising 0.1% during the month. On the topic of aircraft orders, the grounding of the Boeing 737 MAX will likely not affect new orders this month, as only one airline has cancelled an order and widespread cancellations are unlikely. That said, deliveries of the 737 MAX have been suspended, which we suspect will drag down durable good shipments during March. In February, nondefense capital goods shipments increased 0.6%, but followed a sizable 1.5% drop in January, dimming the prospect for a strong showing from equipment spending in the first quarter.
Previous: -1.6% Wells Fargo: 0.9% Consensus: 0.7%
GDP • Friday
Capping off the week is a first look at real GDP growth during the first quarter of 2019. On a quarter-over-quarter annualized basis, we expect real GDP rose 2.6% in Q1, a modest pick-up relative to the 2.2% pace registered in Q4. Consumer spending will likely moderate somewhat compared to the robust pace experienced for much of last year, but stronger-than-expected retail sales indicate less of a dropoff in spending from Q4. A narrowing of the trade deficit will also provide a boost, as a recent rise in exports has outweighed more modest growth in imports. Business investment will continue to add to GDP growth, but likely slowed in Q1 alongside trade tensions and slower global growth. Meanwhile, residential investment should finally provide some modest support, as lower mortgage rates have breathed new life into the housing market. Government purchases are also poised to expand, while we look for a fairly strong contribution from inventories. . Previous: 2.2% Wells Fargo: 2.6% Consensus: 2.2% (Quarter-over-Quarter)
Some Signs of Life for the Global Economy
The past week has seen some more hopeful signs for the global economy. In particular, China's Q1 GDP beat expectations, holding steady at 6.4% year-over-year, while March retail sales and industrial output quickened from their January-February pace.
Developments from Europe were mixed. U.K. economic figures remain resilient overall even in the face of Brexit uncertainty, including a sizable gain in March retail sales. However, Eurozone April manufacturing confidence rose less than expected, while service sector confidence fell more than expected.
Chinese Economic Data Improve
The main international economic development this week was a constructive batch of Chinese economic data. Q1 GDP surprised to the upside as growth unexpectedly held steady at 6.4% year-over-year. Meanwhile, the first quarter also finished on a solid note as March activity figures not only accelerated, but also beat consensus forecasts. March retail sales firmed to 8.7% year-over-year, while industrial production firmed to 8.5%. Altogether, these activity figures reinforce the message from China's March PMI surveys, which were encouraging in tone.
With the United States and China representing the world's key global economies, trends in China's economy have important implications for Asia, emerging markets and the global economy more broadly. The more upbeat figures suggest China's monetary and fiscal stimulus may finally be starting to take in supporting growth, and, for now, there appears to be no let up from Chinese authorities with respect to stimulus. We will be watching Chinese data for potential further upside surprises, a development that would be positive for the global economy and financial markets.
Eurozone Data Mixed, But Disappoints Overall
Investor concern about the state of the Eurozone economy persists, and recent activity and survey data have at best mixed, which has not allayed those concerns. The release of the April Eurozone PMI indices saw the manufacturing PMI recover less than expected to 47.8. Meanwhile, the services PMI fell more than expected to 52.5, reversing its March increase. Those PMI surveys offset more positive—but less important—news from earlier in the week as February construction output rose 3% month-over-month. So far, both industrial and construction out are up in January-February compared to Q4-2018. Indeed, based on PMI surveys for the first quarter and activity data through February, the current Eurozone Q1 GDP estimate based solely on the incoming data flow is for a gain of 0.45% quarter-over-quarter. Even with some probable weakness in March activity figures there could be a slight firming in Eurozone Q1 GDP from the 0.2% gain seen in the fourth quarter, although the April PMIs offer less confidence that any strength will be sustained through 2019.
U.K. Economic Figures Back in Focus
With Brexit on the backburner for now as the "exit date" extended to October 31, the focus returned to U.K. data this week. Overall, those economic figures were mixed. Wage growth remains sturdy, with average weekly earnings rising 3.5% year-over-year in the three months through February. The March CPI was benign, as the headline CPI rose 1.9% year-over-year, while March retail sales jumped 1.1% month-over-month, after solid gains in both January and February.
More broadly, U.K. growth has been remarkably resilient—as evidenced by gains in January and February GDP—considering the Brexit uncertainty that is still hanging over the economy. Even with those steady figures we do not expect a Bank of England rate hike until Brexit issues are resolved, and we forecast the central bank to begin raising interest rates starting in 2020.
Global Outlook
Australia CPI • Wednesday
Australia's Q1 CPI figures will likely indicate a continued absence of inflation pressures. The Q4 CPI slowed to 1.8% year-over-year, while core inflation measures were also slightly below the Reserve Bank of Australia's 2%-3% medium-term target range. Inflation pressures were benign across the spectrum, with goods and services inflation both running at just 1.7%.
The Q1 CPI is expected to slow even further to 1.5% year-over-year, while the consensus forecast is for the core inflation measures to ease as well. In addition to modest inflation, Australian economic growth is also subdued. Q4 GDP rose just 0.2% quarter-over-quarter and falling house prices indicate a slowing housing market, although labor market trends remain resilient. That said, with inflation and economic growth both subdued Australia's central bank is widely expected to ease policy further, with a 25 bp rate cut within the next 12 months more than fully priced into markets.
Previous: 1.8% Consensus: 1.5% (Year-over-Year)
Bank of Canada • Wednesday
The Bank of Canada announces its monetary policy decision next week and is expected to hold its policy interest rate steady at 1.75%. In March, the central bank said there was "increased uncertainty" about the timing of future rate increases. While subsequent economic figures have shown some improvement, it is still likely too early for the Bank of Canada to contemplate a rate increase. February retail sales rose 0.8% month-over-month and the March CPI quickened to 1.9% year-over-year, while employment figures have been solid overall. If the overall strengthening of economic growth were to continue, we would expect the Bank of Canada to raise its policy rate a further 25 bps this year.
Sweden's central bank also announces monetary policy next week. The central bank raised rates 25 bps to -0.25% in December, but with growth slowing and inflation reasonably steady, we expect the policy rate to remain unchanged at this meeting.
Previous: 1.75% Wells Fargo: 1.75% Consensus: 1.75%
Japan Industrial Production • Friday
Japanese activity data released next week are likely, in our view, to portray an overall slowing economy. Industrial output has been up and down in recent months and is expected to edge only slightly higher in March, by 0.1% month-over-month. That would keep growth negative on an annual basis, with the consensus forecast for a fall of 3.8% year-over-year. Meanwhile, activity in the retail sector has also been somewhat subdued in recent months. In February, retail sales rose a modest 0.6% year-over-year, although for March, some firming in sales growth is expected to 0.8% year-over-year.
The subdued activity data are consistent with the Q1 Tankan survey, which foreshadowed a slowdown in growth. Given sluggish momentum, the chances of less accommodative Bank of Japan policy have dissipated. The central bank announces monetary policy next week and should keep its stance unchanged, while the risks are tilted toward a further cut in the central bank's GDP and CPI forecasts.
Previous: 0.7% Consensus: 0.1% (Month-over-Month)
Interest Rate Watch
Fed Speakers Emphasize Patience
There were a number of Fed speakers who were busy making public statements this week before the blackout period ahead of the May 1 FOMC meeting took effect. Crucially, none of the speakers sought to change the narrative that the Fed likely will be on hold for the foreseeable future.
Chicago Fed President Evans, a voting member of the FOMC this year, said that the Fed should "embrace inflation modestly above 2 percent 50 percent of the time." With the PCE deflator up only 1.4% on a year-ago basis at present, it does not seem likely that Evans will be arguing for a rate hike anytime soon. Boston Fed President Rosengren, also a FOMC voter this year, said that the economy is doing well but that inflation is under the Fed's 2% objective, which is another implicit acknowledgement that the FOMC does not need to hike rates anytime soon. James Bullard (voting member from St. Louis) expressed sympathy for nominal GDP targeting, which, if adopted, would imply that the Fed should support strong nominal GDP growth with an accommodative policy stance. Patrick Harker (non-voter from Philadelphia) struck a slightly more hawkish tone when he said that the FOMC could potentially hike rates once "at most" in 2019. But Harker also acknowledged that he too is in a "wait-and-see mode" at present.
Not only does the FOMC look at "hard" data on the economy, but it also pays attention to anecdotal evidence that is collected by the Federal Reserve Banks. This evidence is summarized in the so-called Beige Book, which is usually released two weeks ahead of a FOMC meeting. The anecdotes contained in this week's Beige Book suggest that "economic activity expanded at a slightto- moderate pace in March and early April." Contacts also used the word "moderate" when describing the pace of employment growth, and prices were reported to have risen "modestly" since the last FOMC meeting. Words like "moderate" and "modestly" do not connote a great deal of urgency. Consequently, it seems that the Fed will be on hold for the foreseeable future.
Credit Market Insights
Greater Opportunity Zone Clarity
The Treasury Department released a new set of regulations this week related to opportunity zones, which should provide commercial real estate investors with greater clarity and help to bring more capital in off the sidelines. Created as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act at the end of 2017, opportunity zones aim to incentivize capital investment into more than 8,700 low income areas across the United States via advantageous tax provisions. The program allows the deferment of capital gains until 2026 as well as the elimination of taxes on capital gains if investments within these distressed communities are held for 10 years or more. Yet, there has been significant uncertainty surrounding the program's stipulations, which has acted to restrain investor appetite for new projects.
The new regulations detail a set of flexible requirements for businesses to qualify for the incentives and affirm that tax benefits can carry over to new investments after a sale of a qualified property, among other provisions. On balance, this suggests the benefits of these zones are applicable to a wider swath of business and capital than previously known (or known with certainty, at least). Opportunity zones have already sparked tremendous interest, and dozens of funds have launched to focus on these areas. With this new set of rules providing greater clarity and flexibility, we expect to see a pickup of capital investment into commercial real estate projects, helping to sustain the economic expansion.
Potential GDP Growth
We published a report this week in which we estimate that the potential GDP growth rate of the U.S. economy is 2.1% at present. (Potential GDP growth is the rate at which an economy can grow in the long run without generating inflationary or dis-inflationary pressures.) As shown in the top chart, our estimate of the economy's potential growth rate, which we refer to as GDP-optimal, is more stable than the actual GDP growth rate. That said, GDP-optimal is not constant but rather varies over time. We estimate that potential GDP growth at present is the midpoint (2.1%) of a 1.6% to 2.6% range.
In a report published in October 2018, we estimated that the "natural" unemployment rate, which we call u-optimal, also changes over time (bottom chart). The current 3.8% unemployment rate is a bit below our 4.1% point estimate of u-optimal. That said, the actual unemployment rate at present is within the 3.6% to 4.5% range that we estimate contains u-optimal. Finally, we have written in a previous report that the "neutral" fed funds rate, which we call r-optimal, also varies over time.
Our estimates of the changing nature of the economy's potential growth rate, the "natural" rate of unemployment and the "neutral" fed funds rate should be seen in the context of an August 2018 speech by Fed chairman Powell. He discussed the complications that arise in monetary policymaking when the navigational "stars" of the economy are not fixed. Powell argued that the changing structure of the economy necessitates that the Fed needs to be "data dependent" rather than on some preset course.
Like the Fed, we do not navigate our forecasts entirely by the unobserved variables of potential GDP growth and the "natural" unemployment rate. But our estimate of these variables, in conjunction with our estimate that the current fed funds rate is only one quarter percentage point above r-optimal, gives us some comfort that our view of unchanged Fed policy through most of next year is reasonably correct.
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Wells Fargo Securities Economics Group publications are produced by Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, a U.S broker-dealer registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, and the Securities Investor Protection Corp. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, distributes these publications directly and through subsidiaries including, but not limited to, Wells Fargo & Company, Wells Fargo Bank N.A, Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC, and Wells Fargo Securities International Limited. The information and opinions herein are for general information use only. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness, nor does Wells Fargo Securities, LLC assume any liability for any loss that may result from the reliance by any person upon any such information or opinions. Such information and opinions are subject to change without notice, are for general information only and are not intended as an offer or solicitation with respect to the purchase or sales of any security or as personalized investment advice. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC is a separate legal entity and distinct from affiliated banks and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wells Fargo & Company © 2010 Wells Fargo Securities, LLC.
US Retail Sales & Powell's Remarks To Set The Tone
ECB Villeroy: Should rely too exclusively on market based inflation expectation measures
Markets Yawn And Hit Snooze Button Ahead Of US Earnings Reports
Earning Season Warning | Markets In Holding Pattern
Aussie Declines After RBA Signals More Rate Cuts Possible
Currencies: EUR/USD Cemented In Middle Of The 1.11/1.14 Consolidation Pattern
EU Commission President Candidate Facing Knife-Edge Vote
Euro Trading A Tad Higher In The Asian Session

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I've just launched a new site, ZweigModel.com, which will provide an updated examination of Martin Zweig's Winning on Wall Street.
I am planning on blogging throughout the build process, as it might prove interesting as well as provide an opportunity for community participation and direction.
I will start with the Prime Rate Indicator (PRI), and am going to allow the user to try different versions of the rate that is considered the dividing line between high and low – which is set to 8% in the book.
Finally, I will allow the user to compare the performance of the PRI against any security or index that has publicly available data.
I am looking to find a list of the stocks that are in the Zupi could you help me with this?
Next post: Prime Rate Indicator – Published!


There are advantages to eating buffalo meat because it is lower in calories, lower in fat, has a wonderful flavor and is very tender.
Since there is very little fat in buffalo to keep it moist, it's important to roast buffalo at a lower temperature than you would roast beef so it won't dry out and get tough. You may be able to special order buffalo steaks and roasts at your local supermarket but if not, it is easy to buy on-line.
Chipotle peppers are smoked and dried jalapeno peppers. If you cannot find them dried, you can get them in the Hispanic section of your local grocery store. They come in a small can in adobo sauce—a spicy, smoky red chili sauce. If all you can find is the canned variety, know that adobo is very spicy and you might want to scrape off some of the sauce before using the peppers.
Many roast recipes call for the meat to be placed on a rack before roasting. A roasting rack keeps the bottom of the meat from sitting in its own juices and steaming rather than roasting. In this recipe, you place the buffalo on top of the vegetables, and the vegetables act as an edible, flavorful rack!
Place all the vegetables except for the chipotles and garlic in a large roasting pan that has been coated with a little oil. Pam is fine.
Season the buffalo with some salt and pepper, and place it on top of the vegetables.
Add the diluted beef stock and roast the buffalo at 250 F for 2 1/2 hours or until the meat reaches an internal temperature of 125 F.
Remove the pan from the oven and the roast from the pan and let it sit, covered with foil, while you work on the sauce. Remember, the roast will continue to cook while it is resting.
Transfer the roasted vegetables to a bowl or plate and put the roasting pan on the stove over medium-high heat, across two burners if necessary.
Add the roasted garlic, peppers and red wine to the sauce pan and stir and scrape to deglaze the pan.
Reduce the liquids by about 1/3 and strain it to remove the garlic and peppers.
Taste for seasonings and adjust with salt and pepper.
Slice the buffalo roast and serve with the roasted vegetables and au jus sauce.


Together we have accomplished so much over the past 22 months in Ethiopia: implementing and growing programs, partnering with the communities we serve, establishing new organizational partnerships and, most recently, completing our second summer school program. Today we continue operating amid an uncertain political situation and significant drought, advocating for educational access, social mobility, financial literacy, and gender equality.
Earlier this month, the Ethiopian government declared a six-month nationwide state of emergency amid protests and violence. We are closely monitoring the safety of our field team and participants. Despite intermittent internet shutdowns, our field team has worked tirelessly to keep our programs fully operational. Ensuring educational access, healthy mentoring relationships, life skills, and supplemental nutrition are all the more critical during this state of emergency and ongoing drought in Ethiopia.
We are all the more grateful to you, our supporters, for your generosity in funding our projects. We remain committed to creating a more just world where every individual has agency, autonomy and aspirations. For the latest program updates, please visit our GlobalGiving project page.
Batam amasagganallahun — thank you — for joining us on this journey!


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Author Archives: lansaol
Chlamydia pneumoniae
By Elena Lonina, Xinlan Yang and Yueran Zhao,
Chlamydia pneumoniae, also known as Chlamydophila pneumoniae, is a human pathogen that causes acute respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and bronchitis. It is an obligate intracellular parasite, which implies that it needs to reside inside a host cell to grow. C. pneumoniae was first isolated in 1965 but was not proved to be a pathogen until 1983. School-age children are the most susceptible target and carrier of the bacteria, with mild or even no symptoms following the infection. Chlamydia infections are known to be community-acquired, which means that the disease can spread in a community if one individual is sick. Therefore, re-infections are common in the older populations given that they can be easily exposed to the pathogen in their daily lives and their symptoms may be more severe due to the existence of co-infecting bacteria or underlying diseases.
C. pneumoniae infections are associated with severe systemic infections and coronary artery and acute respiratory diseases. It is transmitted between human carriers with or without symptoms through secreted droplets from the respiratory system, such as by sneezing or coughing. C. pneumoniaemay incubate inside the human body for several weeks since its entry to the onset of symptoms. C. pneumoniae is biphasic, which means it has two forms during its life cycle: the elementary body (EB), which has decreased intracellular activity to minimize energy consumption, and the reticulate body (RB) which is metabolically active and engages in replication. Further, the bacteria are infectious as EB but are non-infectious as RB. Although the bacteria require obligate intracellular growth, the EB form can survive extracellularly while waiting to reach a new host. These EB are picked up by immune cells called macrophages (Figure 1), which are recruited when the host cells detect a bacterial invasion, and start working to take up the intruder within little sacs called vesicles. Inside of the vesicles, C. pneumoniae blocks the fusion of the vesicle they reside in to lysosomes, which carries deadly enzymes to the bacterium, to prevent being killed. Then, the EB matures to an RB inside the hijacked vesicle and starts its replication process. This bacterial infection cannot be characterized by a specific set of syndromes, but common symptoms include sore throat and loss of voice before it develops into pneumonia or bronchitis. Even when the infection appears to be mild, the clearing of the bacteria from the patients' bodies appears to be slow.
Figure 1. Transmission electron micrograph showing Chlamydia pneumoniae's Elementary Bodies (arrows) attaching to the surface of the macrophage (A) and, once inside the macrophage, they attach to the surface of the vesicles before differentiation into reticular bodies and replication (B). Source: Hahn et al., 2002.
C. pneumoniae is one of the most common pathogens that cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections. As mentioned before, this bacterium can be easily transmitted from human to human via tiny droplets spread over in the air. When someone has a C. pneumoniae infection within a community with high population density, the risk of infection becomes higher because there would be a higher number of potential recipients that could catch the pathogen, and thus the probability of a C. pneumoniae outbreak would be increased.
C. pneumoniae causes infections in people of all ages globally. Noticeably, there is a distinctive characteristic of this infectious disease, which is that patients who have been infected by C. pneumoniae recently are more susceptible to a reinfection. Moreover, the susceptibility of an individual is greatly impacted by a series of factors. To illustrate, research has shown the most frequent ages that people get the very first C. pneumoniae infection is within a range of 5-15. This is most likely due to the underdeveloped immune systems of children and teenagers. Other conditions such as aging, obesity, immunocompromising conditions and underlying diseases (such as AIDS and chronic pulmonary diseases) also increase susceptibility, especially in adults. These underlying conditions usually make reinfections more dangerous for adults.
Given that C. pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular pathogen, its internalization into host cells is crucial for its maturation, replication, and dissemination – events that will generate host damage and define the disease. Nevertheless, any incoming pathogen will need to face the first mechanical barrier that will limit its translocation and invasion: the plasma membrane. Thus, it is not surprising that C. pneumoniaehas evolved different methods to invade its host and ensure its survival.
One example is OmcB, an adhesin (a molecule that mediates adhesion) that has shown to attach to specific molecules present only in host cell membranes. What is surprising, however, is that OmcB can have little differences in its structures and that these will allow for C. pneumoniaeto bind to different variants of these host molecules that are spread throughout different types of cells, conferring specificity to its attachment.
C. pneumoniae is even further able to induce more complex changes that will enhance its internalization. To illustrate, Pmp21 is also an adhesin, but this one binds to a receptor present in the host cell membrane. When the adhesin binds, it activates the receptor and signals the cell to change its structure and to extend arms around the pathogen binding to the receptor (Figure 2). This way, C. pneumoniae actively stimulates the cell to take it in.
Figure 2. Chlamydia pneumoniae binds to specific host membrane structures to begin the invasion. For example, some adhesins in the Elementary Body (EB) can bind to host receptors located in its plasma membrane and activate it (a). Receptor activation signals the cell to start extending arms around the receptor and bringing it inwards (b and c). Ultimately, a vesicle forms with the bacterium inside of it, where it can mature and start replicating (d). Source: Elena Lonina.
Another example of active stimulation is Cpn0473, which is an adhesin expressed in adhering EB and that binds preferably to cholesterol-rich regions in the host's cell plasma membrane. What is interesting, however, is that the insertion of Cpn0473 in the plasma membrane will change the molecular composition of the plasma membrane. This change is usually associated with apoptosis of the host cell. However, the change initiated by Cpn0473 does not induce cell death, but instead induces endocytosis of the bacterium, which results in the internalisation of the bacterium similarly to what is observed in Figure 2.
Antibiotics are the optimal treatments for bacterial infections. Clinically, erythromycin and doxycycline are established treatments that can effectively clear the infection by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, which means that it will not be able to create the molecules that will allow it to attach to the host, invade it, and mature. However, there are several side effects associated with these antibiotics, such as diarrhea, vomiting and headache. Other antibiotics such as tetracyclines and ofloxacin are applicable to adults, but they are restricted to children because of their potential to cause damage to their growing muscles, tendons, and skeletons. Usually, due to its high reinfection rick as mentioned above, a relatively large dose and long course of treatment is required to ensure the complete clearance of the pathogens.
Blasi, F., Arosio, C., and Cosentini, R. 1999. Chlamydia pneumoniae: Epidemiology. In Chlamydia pneumoniae: The Lung and the Heart. Edited by L. Allegra and F. Blasi. Springer Milan, Milano. pp. 52-61.
Fechtner, T., Galle, J.N., and Hegemann, J.H. 2016. The novel chlamydial adhesin CPn0473 mediates the lipid raft-dependent uptake of Chlamydia pneumoniae. Cell Microbiol 18(8): 1094-1105. doi:10.1111/cmi.12569.
Galle, J.N., Fechtner, T., Eierhoff, T., Römer, W., and Hegemann, J.H. 2019. A Chlamydia pneumoniae adhesin induces phosphatidylserine exposure on host cells. Nature Communications 10(1): 4644. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12419-8.
Hahn, D.L. 2002. Chlamydia pneumoniae as a respiratory pathogen. Frontiers in Bioscience 7(1-3): e66. doi:10.2741/hahn.
Kuo, C.C., Jackson, L.A., Campbell, L.A., and Grayston, J.T. 1995. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR). Clinical Microbiology Reviews 8(4): 451. doi:10.1128/CMR.8.4.451.
Moelleken, K., and Hegemann, J.H. 2008. The Chlamydia outer membrane protein OmcB is required for adhesion and exhibits biovar-specific differences in glycosaminoglycan binding. Molecular Microbiology 67(2): 403-419. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06050.x.
Mölleken, K., Becker, E., and Hegemann, J.H. 2013. The Chlamydia pneumoniae Invasin Protein Pmp21 Recruits the EGF Receptor for Host Cell Entry. PLOS Pathogens 9(4): e1003325. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003325.
Paldanius, M., Bloigu, A., Alho, M., Leinonen, M., and Saikku, P. 2005. Prevalence and Persistence of Chlamydia pneumoniae Antibodies in Healthy Laboratory Personnel in Finland. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 12(5): 654. doi:10.1128/CDLI.12.5.654-659.2005.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on December 6, 2019 by lansaol.


The idea of creating artificial life is certainly not a new concept. In fact, humanity has depicted automated beings in both art and literature for centuries, but it's only relatively recently that we've started to develop these exciting, new technologies. The futuristic field of robotics has grown significantly since the dawn of the 20 century, with various machines being used in hostile environments, manufacturing processes, and medical research facilities. Our world may be far from the android-filled future of Detroit: Become Human, but as research and funding grows, it could one day become our reality. Of course, creating new life comes with myriad new responsibilities and ethical dilemmas – areas that game director David Cage is keen to echo throughout his tale of man vs machine.


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Townsville Daily Bulletin (Qld. : 1907 - 1954)
NO DEMAND FOR ARMY TANKS
MELBOURNE, February 1.— Sixty-five Australian cruiser tanks which cost about £40,909 each to build about a year age, may not
Sat 2 Feb 1946 - Townsville Daily Bulletin (Qld. : 1907 - 1954)
Page 2 - NO DEMAND FOR ARMY TANKS
NO DEMAND FOR
ARMY TANKS
MELBOURNE, February 1.—
Sixty-five Australian cruiser tanks
which cost about £40,000 each to
build about a year ago, may not
bring £40 each on the civilian mar-
ket.
The tanks nave been described as
Australia's greatest engineering vic-
tory, and among the world's best.
They are on the war surplus list,
and are to be sold by public tender
by the Commonwealth Disposals Com-
In 1942, when Australia was in
danger of invasion. It was decided to
build a purely Australian tank.
Its outstanding feature was the
cast steel, non-riveted hull and gun
turrets. The hull was cast in one mas-
sive piece of armoured plate.
This distinctive feature of the tank
is now one of its greatest drawbacks
in conversion to a peacetime machine.
So far, the Disposals Commission
has not found any civilian use to
which the tank can be put, but a
Melbourne firm is investigating the
possibility of cutting up the armoured
portlon for use as base plates for
heavy machinery.
The tanks, which weigh 26 tons
each, are powered by three Cadillac
V8 110 horsepower engines.
NO DEMAND FOR ARMY TANKS (1946, February 2). Townsville Daily Bulletin (Qld. : 1907 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 19, 2020, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62868169
"NO DEMAND FOR ARMY TANKS" Townsville Daily Bulletin (Qld. : 1907 - 1954) 2 February 1946: 2. Web. 19 Jan 2020 <http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62868169>.
1946 'NO DEMAND FOR ARMY TANKS', Townsville Daily Bulletin (Qld. : 1907 - 1954), 2 February, p. 2. , viewed 19 Jan 2020, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62868169
{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62868169 |title=NO DEMAND FOR ARMY TANKS |newspaper=[[Townsville Daily Bulletin]] |location=Queensland, Australia |date=2 February 1946 |access-date=19 January 2020 |page=2 |via=Trove }}
Townsville Daily Bulletin (Qld. : 1907 - 1954), Sat 2 Feb 1946, Page 2 - NO DEMAND FOR ARMY TANKS


Mumbai: Controversial right wing leader Sambhaji Bhide, who is also one of the accused of instigating violence against Dalit community in Pune district, on Thursday appealed for a thorough inquiry into the matter.
Eighty-five-year-old Bhide, who heads Shiv Pratishthan Hindustan, met with Sangli district collector on Thursday with thousands of his supporters and demanded withdrawal of charges against him. A day after the Bhima Koregaon violence on 2 January, Pimpri Police in Pune district filed a case against Bhide and others under SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act and under various sections of the IPC including attempt to murder as one person was killed in the caste clashes.
In his letter to media, Bhide stated that his name was being deliberately linked with the violence in Pune district.
"It is a 'banav' (false) that I was present at the riot site in Pune district and was also responsible for it. Dalit leader Prakash Ambedkar has levelled allegations of my involvement in inciting the violence. There should be a thorough investigation into this matter," Bhide stated.
He said perpetrators of the violence should face a stern action. Bhide has issued his letter from the letter pad of his outfit asserting that his work is for awakening the nationalism among Hindus.
The Pimpri Police had also booked Pune-based Milind Ekbote of Hindu Ekta Aghadi under the SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act and under various sections of the IPC including attempt to murder.
Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh (BBM) leader Prakash Ambedkar had alleged that Hindu Ekta Aghadi and Shivraj Pratishthan were responsible for the Bhima Koregaon violence in which one person was killed.
The violence had occurred at an event to mark the 200th anniversary of the battle of Bhima Koregaon in which the British Army comprising Dalits had defeated the Peshwas. A large section of Dalits view the historical battle as the defeat of the 'casteism' of upper-caste Peshwas.
A case was registered against Ekbote, Bhide, and others, under the SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act, Arms Act, 307 (attempt to murder) of IPC and rioting. The duo were booked after one Anita Salve approached the Pimpri police alleging that she and her friend were attacked by a group of people near Vadhu Budruk village adjacent to Bhima Koregaon on Monday. She alleged that the entire attack and arson was orchestrated by Bhide and Ekbote. Salve, 39, is a social worker and the member of the Bahujan Republican Socialist Party.
Bhide is known among his followers as 'Bhide Guruji'.
He is a staunch right-wing Hindu activist and an ardent admirer of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. He has a sizable following in western Maharashtra.
A gold medallist in Chemistry, Bhide has worked as a professor in Pune-based Sir Parshuram College. A former RSS member, Bhide founded the Shiv Pratishthan Hindustan, which is mostly active in Sangli, Satara and Kolhapur districts in western Maharashtra.


text:
Bench work on the Liberty truck
ARBA14UA
Men hard at work on building a Liberty truck for the World War I war effort. The trucks were built to have standard interchangeable parts so they could be produced quickly and also easily repaired during the War. The trucks needed a large engine, a large gasoline tank, a large radiator, and maximum ground clearance for environment of Europe. Beginning on April 11, 1918, the University instituted a training program for automobile and gas engine mechanics. Seven barracks that could house 1,000, a mess hall that could seat 2,000, an administrative building and the Y.M.C.A. Hospitality House were built on the hill above O'Hara Street. Within six months, 2,200 men were being trained.
University of Pittsburgh.
World War I.
Liberty Truck (Pittsburgh, Pa.)..
Automobiles--Pennsylvania--Pittsburgh.
Students--Pennsylvania--Pittsburgh.
Laboratories--Pennsylvania--Pittsburgh.
Geographic Subjects
University of Pittsburgh Historic Photographs, 1884-present
Pitt Photographs
University of Pittsburgh Historic Photographs
Pitt Student Life
The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/


Signature Estate & Investment Advisors, LLC® was recently named as one of the Best Places to Work in Los Angeles. This tenth annual program was created by the Los Angeles Business Journal and Best Companies Group.
This survey and awards program was designed to identify, recognize and honor the best employers in Los Angeles, benefiting the county's economy, workforce and businesses. The list is made up of 100 companies. Signature Estate & Investment Advisors, LLC® has been named one of this year's Best Places to Work in Los Angeles.
The actual rankings will be revealed at a special event on August 16, 2016, then published in the August 22, 2016, issue of the Los Angeles Business Journal.


For now the mantra is the same until it breaks. If the upper side breaks, look to sell again at the key resistance around 1.1530/45. Bulls wouldn't want to consider buying till just about 1.11.
For the month of February, the AUDUSD has been consolidating in a range at the bottom of the bear trend between 7859 and 7650. This is kind of a make or break moment for the counter-trend players as they'll need to close above this key resistance level on a daily basis to garner more to their cause. Hence bears wanting to get short have their line in the sand.
Any impulsive price action selling here means a likely pullback towards 7750 and perhaps down to the yearly lows at 7650. A daily close above here targets 8030 while bears will want to minimally get towards 7650 to feel stable in their short positions.
Also in our members commentary today, we cover the USDCAD, EURGBP, GOLD & FTSE 100. Click here to become a member.


There are 32 colleges within 50 miles of Wilmington. Located in Vermont with a population of 463, the closest colleges are ranked by distance from Wilmington. The nearest college is Marlboro College at a distance of 7.2 miles from Wilmington center. This directory is inclusive of nearby two and four year schools, both public and private. If you are looking for more affordable options or not ready for a full four year program, consider local Wilmington community colleges.


ACSA is restructuring the Annual Meeting and implementing changes that better support the needs of architecture faculty and enhance architectural education and research. With these updates, ACSA aims to create a more inclusive, transparent, and impactful event that elevates, addresses, and disseminates knowledge on pressing concerns in society through the agency of architecture and allied disciplines.
ACSA has created an Annual Meeting Committee, with combined representation of ACSA members, the ACSA board and ACSA staff. The new conference leadership is intended to increase transparency and inclusivity while keeping in mind effectiveness and maintaining rigor. The committee's primary deliverable is the peer-reviewed content, along with themed sessions.
Responsible for the non-peer reviewed content of the conference, including a theme that guides identification of plenary talks and invited panel sessions. The committee will also curate workshops, local engagement and other conference activities.
Responsible for overseeing the peer-review process, which includes matching reviewer's expertise with that of the submission, as well as designating sessions and moderators. Sessions will be composed of both papers and projects, when possible, allowing for scholarly and applied research to mutually demonstrate impact and inform one another.
Responsible for the logistics of the conference as well as for liaison with the local community.
The Review Committee is composed of experts, especially those engaged in affiliated organizations, and structured by the ten topics: Building Science & Technology, Design, Digital Technology, Ecology, Health, History, Theory, Criticism, Pedagogy, Practice, Society + Community, andUrbanism. (Link to descriptions) The Review Committee oversees the peer-review process, which includes matching reviewer's expertise with that of the submission.
Authors will select2topics as well as three ranked keywords to their submission, in order to facilitate the matching process. All submissions will receive a two-stage peer-review process, with abstracts (for papers and projects) submitted first and then, for authors whose abstracts are accepted, full papers or projects second. Both stages will feature double-blind peer review by at least three reviewers and provide constructive comments that advance the effort and improve the review experience for both reviewers and reviewees.
Final acceptance of the full paper or full project translates to presentation at the conference and inclusion in the Proceedings. Sessions will be composed of both papers and projects, when possible, allowing for both scholarly and applied research to mutually demonstrate impact.
Abstract submissions for papers and projects include up to 500-word abstracts and up to 5 images. Omit all author names and any other identifying information. Abstract must be written in English.
Authors will receive a double-blind review by at least three reviewers and comments for further development for possible full paper and/or project.
Following acceptance, authors are asked to submit the full paper/project, responding to reviewers' comments, for consideration in the conference.
Full papers should be no longer than 4,000 words, excluding the abstract and endnotes, and may contain up to 5 images. Omit all author names and any other identifying information. Must be written in English.
Full projects should include no more than 10 images and may contain up to 1000 words, excluding the abstract and endnotes. Omit all author names and any other identifying information. Must be written in English.
Authors will receive a double-blind review by at least three reviewers and comments for further development for possible presentation and publication.
Following acceptance, authors will finalize the full paper or full project addressing reviewers' comments and required formatting for presentation at the Annual Meeting the subsequent publication.
To preview the review form prior to submission, please click here: ABSTRACT and PAPER/PROJECT.
The Annual Meeting Committee will maintain topics year to year in order to address the diversity of our members scholarly, creative and pedagogic interests. This consistent and we hope inclusive list of topics will also ensure an annual venue for all members to submit to an ACSA conference.
To see full description of Annual Meeting Topics, click HERE.


text:
info@phelpsmediagroup.com
12012 South Shore Blvd., Suite 201 Wellington, FL 33414
Sponsorship Management
Client Lineup
Rutledge Farm Sessions Partners with USEF Network to Stream 2019 Clinic Series On-Demand
Press Release, Rutledge Farm
Middleburg, Va. – May 31, 2019 – The team at Rutledge Farm is proud to announce the United States Equestrian Federation (USEF) Network as the official on-demand streaming partner for the 2019 Rutledge Farm Sessions. For those that can't make it to Middleburg, Virginia to ride or audit with one of Rutledge Farm's elite clinicians, you now have the chance to watch the clinics on-demand from the comfort of your home. Both Rutledge Farm and USEF Network's commitment to providing access to educational material to equestrians across the country makes this partnership a perfect fit.
"USEF Network is excited to partner with Rutledge Farm to showcase clinics from top athletes and trainers to the USEF membership across multiple disciplines," Vicki Lowell, Chief Marketing and Content Officer, US Equestrian, said. "This provides an incredible opportunity for our members to access educational clinic content on demand as part of their membership. We would like to thank Rutledge Farm for partnering with us to bring this special benefit to our members."
Each clinic's content will be shared on the USEF Network site within two weeks of the clinic taking place. The clinic content is available free to USEF members. If you are not a USEF member, viewers can enter the code Rutledge19 for a free USEF fan membership to view the series. Click here to stay up to date with this year's on-demand viewing schedule!
Aleco Bravo-Greenberg, owner of Rutledge Farm, said, "I'm thrilled that the USEF Network is offering our clinics to a larger audience through their online streaming platform. With the Rutledge Farm Sessions, my mission is to provide people with the opportunity to learn from Olympic medalists and championship athletes and to promote education within our community. I am really excited to be able to continue doing that through our online clinic series. Collaborating with USEF is a natural fit."
For more information about the USEF Network, visit usef.org/network
For more information about the Rutledge Farm Sessions, or to register for one of this year's clinics, visit rutledgefarm.com/clinics
About USEF:
The United States Equestrian Federation (US Equestrian) is the national governing body for equestrian sport, and its mission is to provide access to and participation in equestrian sports at all levels by ensuring fairness, safety, and enjoyment. Since its inception in 1917, US Equestrian has been bringing the joy of horse sports to as many people as possible. US Equestrian trains, selects, and funds the United States Equestrian Team, which consistently wins medals at the highest level of international competition, including the Olympic Games.
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Check out the other "Identical" illustrators over at Illustration Friday.
John, this would be a great cover for a book titled, "Imposter".
Thanks for the encouraging word. I like thinking this site is a seed bed for inspiring ideas. "Imposter" has a definite possibility as a psycho-thriller that explores the depth of identity. Neat title.
Leno's fantasy of himself looking at his fantasy reflection in the mirror?
This page contains a single entry from the blog posted on September 1, 2012 12:36 AM.
The next post in this blog is Book Cover Illustration Idea.


At Wonderland Models, our Airfix range of models consists of aircraft, military vehicles, historical figures, ships, cars, Gift Sets and Starter Sets and all the new models from the World War 1 and D-Day ranges. We offer a wide range from all leading categories including the new aircraft plastic models and many more. We also stock a large range of modelling tools, paints, airbrushes and compressors. To view the full range of Airfix plastic models see below.


Scope-of-business-/-----: The Benelux Chamber of Commerce - BenCham - is the most active Benelux business platform in China. Its members, leading companies from Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, share an active interest in developing trade and business in China. It is the only Chamber of Commerce that is officially recognised and supported by the Embassy of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in China.


A wonderful addition to your jewelry collection. You will fall in love with these stunning star dangle earrings. These unique earrings dangle beautifully with your every move. The earrings will be a great gift making it easy for you to surprise that special someone.
Its special design will make you charmer and look unique. Resembling a star, this silver dangling earrings has a white crystal in the middle, exuding a elegant charm for the ladies. Best paired with a long dress, suitable for all events and functions!


From rubbish removal to [category], Rubbish Clearance Limited (KRC) can clear, collect and dispose of all your rubbish in Oakhurst or Hockley responsibly and correctly for less money than you think.
are you searching for a responsible and accountable local company that can collect, clear up and take away your scrap or waste items in Kent legally at a registered dump? Then we can help. A highly recommended company that provides House Clearances to TN11. KRC House Clearance offer their services to Kent and The Home Counties.
At Kent Rubbish Clearance, we carry off car tyres (can cost more as expensive to dispose of), garden cuttings, computer monitors, pianos, freezers or unwanted electricals safely.
Get in touch with us in Oakhurst on 0800 138 9100 about cheap skip hire or fill in our booking form. Would you like to receive a free estimate or do you need help calculating the load size? Click here for general prices.
junk lorries locally to Oakhurst today.


"The John Mellencamp Show" will feature the rock icon's classics plus some new material. Being hailed by critics and fans alike as one of music's most authentic and crowd-pleasing concert performers, Mellencamp will bring his 2019 tour to the Tucson Music Hall on April 28, 2019, at 8 p.m.
Produced by AEG Presents, "The John Mellencamp Show" will start promptly at 8 p.m. and will not have an opening act. Every ticket purchased online will receive a physical copy of Mellencamp's forthcoming album "Other People's Stuff" set for release this December by Republic Records.


text:
#include "xvmaininc.h"
#include "defines.h"
#include "declares.h"
#include "externs.h"
#include "rtlintproto.h"

/* This routine returns the starting address for array I/O, after the labels */
/* have been taken into account.					     */

void *v2_array_io_location(int unit)
{
   struct bufstate *bufstate;

   bufstate = (struct bufstate *)CURRENT_IP_VALUE(BUFSTATE);

   if (bufstate->devstate.device_type == DEV_ARRAY)
      return bufstate->devstate.dev.array.start + CURRENT_I_VALUE(LBLSIZE);

   /* If not an array file, or mmap() not available, then return NULL */

   return NULL;

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


, we all choices the top choices using ideal quality simply for you all, and now this photos is considered one of images series in this best photographs gallery in relation to Fresh Pictures Of Banners In Minecraft. I'm hoping you can enjoy it.
put up by David Rios in 2018-04-14 07:35:56. To discover many graphics within Fresh Pictures Of Banners In Minecraft photos gallery you should follow this kind of web page link.


Like mercury, October has slipped through my fingers.
It has been very much a month of getting back to the realities of life here in Istanbul after the joys of summer which means getting back together with old friends and rejoining all the familiar and well-loved activities like book club, scrabble, neighbourhood coffee mornings, IWI, and getting motivated for my new hobby of choice, Photography Club!
I can be out every day of the week if I so choose. Where else could I say that? I sometimes have these crises that we should move back to the UK but then I pull myself together and say where else would I be able to enjoy such a colourful life as I do here?
The eternal question: what to make? when you are as enthusiastic about cooking as I am, isn't a daunting question. All it means is a serious but pleasurable perusal of the latest magazines to hand or in my case, another read of my Ottolenghi Jerusalem cookbook. Gosh how I love that book.
The reason is that all the ingredients are on the whole so familiar to those of us who live here in Turkey, yet the actual recipes have much more depth and deeper complexity of taste than typical recipes here. Maybe I am so used to the dishes here that I am eager for new challenges.
As you all know,Turkey is great for köfte or meatballs in many guises. However, they are not something that you would normally serve to guests! But it was the fabulous picture in Jerusalem that bowled me over and also TT when I showed it to him. Not to mention the ingredients: dried figs, barberries or in this case, dried cranberries, pearl onions and minced lamb.
All these made into meatballs, cooked into a divine sauce and served with yogurt and some roughly torn mint and dill leaves. It was every bit as scrumptious as it sounds.
Look at those colours! look at those ingredients!
Place the lamb, onions, parsley, garlic, allspice, cinnamon, barberries or cranberries, egg, 1 tsp salt and ½ tsp black pepper in a large bowl. Mix with your hands and roll into balls, about the size of golf balls.
TIP with my Turkish experience, I recommend wetting your hands with cold water beforehand to prevent sticking.
Heat 1/3 of the oil in a large, heavy-based pot for which you have a tight-fitting lid. Put in a few meatballs at a time, cooking them over a medium heat and turning them around for a few minutes until they colour all over. Remove from the pot and set aside while you cook the remaining meatballs.
Wipe the pot clean and add the remaining oil. Add the shallots and cook them on a medium heat for 10 minutes, stirring frequently, until golden brown. Add the wine, leave to bubble for a minute or two, then add the chicken stock, bay leaves, thyme, sugar and some salt and pepper. Arrange the figs and meatballs amongst and on top of the shallots; the meatballs need to be almost covered in liquid. Bring to the boil, cover with the lid, reduce the heat to very low and leave to simmer for 30 minutes. Remove the lid and simmer for about another hour, until the sauce has reduced and intensified in flavour. Taste and add salt and pepper if needed.
Transfer to a large, deep serving dish. Whisk the yogurt, pour on top and scatter with herbs.
This was a truly delicious dish and my friends all loved it: hats off to Yotam! The different levels of flavour all melded together and worked out very well indeed!
Why don't you give it a try and see for yourself?
Thank you for posting. I made quite a few modifications based on my current pantry and preference. This recipe is very forgiving.
What might you serve this along side? Is the finished recipe wet enough to warrant rice? What sides would you cook?


12000ft skydive and parachute jump with the Parachute Regiment's Red Devils. Best day ever!
What an amazing day! Glorious sunshine and beautiful English countryside. Completed my second challenge today. Hope the pictures say more than I can!
So glad you had a good time and what weather you had for the jump - doesn't look like there was a cloud in the sky! We absolutely love the photo, too, and might have to ask you if we could borrow it in the future to help us promote sky diving as a fundraiser to other supporters!
Hope you had a good weekend and good luck with the next challenge - how's your training going?


This is such a sweet 1950s blouse! Sheer white nylon with a pink floral pint. The collar is trimmed with lace. Puff sleeves. It buttons up the back.
NOTE: this lovely blouse may require your favorite vintage camisole.
Condition: Overall very good. The blouse shows light, normal wear, but no issues to note. The bottom of the button placket opens a bit; I'm not sure if this is intentional or not, but it is concealed if the blouse is tucked in.


text:
The Christmas 'cardinal sin': James Patrice shares Malahide Woman's top gifting tips
From gifting etiquette to scouring the aisles — Malahide Woman knows it all
James Patrice AKA Malahide Woman has advice for those who have yet to start the Christmas shopping.
Wed, 07 Dec, 2022 - 14:37
Maeve Lee
Christmas and gifting go hand-in-hand but with the big day fast approaching, many of us have yet to brave the festive shopping rush.
TV personality James Patrice has teamed up with TK Maxx this Christmas to help shoppers nail their gifting without the stress. The social media star, who is widely known for his hilarious characters and personas, has shared some advice for Christmas shopping and gifting this year — and how to do it like Malahide Woman.
Malahide Woman is incredibly organised, he warns, so she tends to plan her presents in advance. But she will still browse the aisles and if something catches her eye she will pick it up — whether it's for her husband Declan, her bestie Geraldine or her arch nemesis Celine.
And of course, she will be sure to treat herself too — anything from lingerie to a teapot. Once it's hot, she doesn't mind.
"It's essential [to get yourself something]. People say nowadays we have to be mindful and be kind to ourselves and Malahide Woman wouldn't consider meditation being kind to herself, she'd consider that a form of self-torture… a good auld jaunt around the shops — that's how she's kind to herself and how she treats herself," says James Patrice, AKA Malahide Woman.
Christmas will be fairly chaotic in Malahide Woman's household but the one thing that isn't chaotic are the gifts. Her top tip, however, comes after she has searched high and low to find the perfect present.
"She doesn't really have time for wrapping so [it's] gift bags under the tree and it's important to note that she does iron the gift bags.
"For years now she has had one that has been on rotation around Malahide for the last 20 years. The cardinal sin: You must never write on the gift tag of the Christmas bag. If you really hate someone, then you can write on the gift tag, and then they won't be able to use the bag again.
It's the ultimate betrayal. It's the Judas kiss of the modern gifting world.
Of course, it's also important to pick up something for yourself.
But when it comes to scouring the shops, her advice is to be focused and keep your eyes peeled for a good bargain.
"Don't be afraid to go a bit wild and if the person that you're buying for doesn't like it, they can feck off," says James.
While Malahide Woman is well and truly on top of the Christmas presents this year and ready to relax with a glass (or bottle) of bubbly, there is still plenty of time. So, if you have yet to start your shopping, do not worry.
"It's all about organisation but also on the other hand, if you have nothing bought fear not. There's plenty of time. You have to hit the shops, have an open mind, be open and susceptible to anything and everything and you'll definitely find something. That's why she does enjoy TK Maxx because it is a one-stop shop."
She is a big fan of "luxury for less" and often, that can mean a bit of drama on the shop aisles.
"You're getting in that door, you're scouring the competition, you're rallying through the rails, and Malahide Woman would never condone using brute force but if it's between yourself and that wagon from across the road for the last Christmas robe, you do what you gotta do because it's winner takes it all."
For her husband Declan, she has picked up a nice coat this year, and as for Celine…
"She'll get her a nice little hot water bottle to keep her warm at night because well, a man hasn't done that in years since her second husband left."
As for Malahide Woman's dream gift?
For husband Declan to book a one-way ticket out of Ireland.
Bernard O'Shea: Yes, the hairdryer exploded and went on fire, but I still fixed it
Hulu joins Adult Swim in cutting ties with Rick and Morty creator Justin Roiland
Credit card-detecting technology used in ongoing search for actor Julian Sands
Michael Buble says son's cancer diagnosis 'changed me in a big way'
ChrsitmasChristmas shoppingTK MaxxPerson: James Patrice
Jeremy Renner was trying to save nephew from snowplough before accident – report
Lifestyle Newsletter
The best food, health, entertainment and lifestyle content from the irishexaminer.com, direct to your inbox every Friday.
The best food, health, entertainment and lifestyle content from the Irish Examiner, direct to your inbox.


Organic Coconut sugar is a natural sweetener that is not as cheap as regular granulated sugar. But it is worth it since it yields some tremendous benefits that make it a much better choice than many other sweetener options.
Organic Coconut sugar contains vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients, though in small amounts. Iron and zinc, for example, are found in organic coconut sugar, containing about two times more than granulated sugar according to the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI). The FNRI also notes that there are a decent amount of phytonutrients, specifically polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanidins. These phytonutrients help reduce blood sugar, inflammation and cholesterol, making coconut sugar a better option than many other sweeteners. The American Cancer Society explains that phytonutrients that come from plants offer many health benefits and are better choices than supplements or pills.
While organic coconut sugar has many benefits that you will not find in regular table sugar, it may require large amounts to really make a positive affect.However, if you are going to go for any sweetener, coconut sugar is one of the best natural sweeteners out there.


text:
: PBH Direct! August 2015
Celebrate Fruits & Veggies—More Matters® Month in September
Mid-Year Update to the 2015 Business Plan
Remember to Include Fruits & Veggies—More Matters in your Marketing Plans
August Social Media Posts
This September, PBH is celebrating Fruits & Veggies—More Matters month with a 'Grab N' Go' theme focused on quick and easy ways to include more fruits and veggies in daily meals and snacks. A graphic, one for electronic posting and one for print, and sample social media posts and tips are now available on the PBHFoundation.org site.
You can also celebrate Fruits & Veggies—More Matters month by:
Informing others that September is Fruits & Veggies—More Matters month and encouraging them to eat just one more fruit or vegetable.
Make plans now to join in the celebration as your support counts towards your organization potentially being recognized as a Champion or Role Model for 2015!
Overall, PBH is on-track to meet or exceed the 2015 business plan goals and metrics. The areas of the business plan with the strongest results to date are related to our consumer site, FruitsAndVeggiesMoreMatters.org, our social media platforms, total media impressions, new donors, and monetary support, notably with in-kind donations and sponsorships. The key highlights for the first half of 2015 include:
Web: The first half of 2015 resulted in the highest monthly average visits ever (397,000/month) to our consumer site, FruitsAndVeggiesMoreMatters.org, and is also 47% higher than the first half of 2014. The site was also reformatted to be responsive to different screen sizes on various mobile devices such as cell phones and tablets. Additional enhancements to the site for mobile users are planned for the future.
A new chef page, The Everyday Chef: Fruit & Veggie Culinary Creations, was also added in the first half of this year. The page features two chefs, who are also Registered Dietitians, Alex Caspero, RD and Andrew Dole, RDN. Short blogs, recipes and tips from Alex and Andrew are featured monthly. The new page was added based on feedback from site visitors and our annual consumer survey.
Lastly, the total number of folks choosing to receive various e-communications from PBH continues to grow. Through the end of the second quarter, 5,570 new individuals signed up (75% higher compared to Q2, 2014), bringing the total number of opt-in participants to 87,000.
Media: We've had a very strong year to date earning 34 billion print, electronic and social media impressions through our PR and communications efforts. This result is nearly 2-fold higher than Q2 2014 and 5-fold higher than Q2 2013. This significant growth is based, in part, on a few notable factors:
As social media continues to grow, so do our impressions simply because of the viral nature of social media. Our posts are not just seen by individuals who follow our social media channels, but (if reposted) also by their friends, etc.
The number of print newspapers has declined significantly, particularly over the last few years. The content in the print newspaper is now easily available on-line and seen by more people compared to the print newspaper.
Local, regional, and even national news outlets are focusing larger sections of their websites to recipes and overall healthy lifestyles. Countless news outlets, each month, feature recipes from our FruitsAndVeggiesMoreMatters.org site, which has also contributed to the increase in monthly average visitors.
Our keywords and resources are mentioned more often on-line compared to a few years ago when our when our content was only in print communications and print outlets. Examples of some of our keywords include:
PBH and our mission: MyPlate has consistently been in the news for the last several months and most times PBH is also referenced, largely due to the fact that we were one of the first National Strategic Partners with USDA when MyPlate was first announced.
When publically traded organizations, who are also PBH donors, are mentioned in the news, PBH is typically mentioned as well. These larger organizations typically generate high media impressions.
FruitsAndVeggiesMoreMatters.org: As the traffic to the site continues to increase, so have the media mentions, and related impressions, for the site. Additionally, the site and its content, particularly the recipes and fruit/vegetable database, are often featured on Wikipedia, Yahoo!, About.com, and WedMD to name a few. These are very large sites in terms of traffic/visitors to the site so it only takes a few mentions for us to generate significant impressions.
Our social media channels and monthly twitter parties continued to grow as well throughout the first half of 2015. The stats for our social media channels through the end of the second quarter are:
Fruits & Veggies – More Matters on Facebook (593,000 likes)
Fruits & Veggies – More Matters on Twitter (49,800+ followers)
Fruits & Veggies – More Matters on Pinterest (10,300+ followers)
Fruits & Veggies – More Matters on Instagram (1,600+ followers)
Our monthly Twitter parties have grown quite a bit over the last couple of years as well, including the first half of 2015. On average our parties generate:
1,030+ retweets
1.4+ million reach (total # of individuals who saw an original tweet or retweet from the party)
5.8+ million impressions
Be sure to join us on the 1st Wednesday of every month at 4 pm ET for our Twitter party and experience the positive energy and buzz for yourself!
Industry: The Store Tour Training Grant Program, announced in May 2014, continues to grow in terms of proposal submissions and the total number of consumers reached by the program. A total of 18 universities received grant monies from PBH for the 2015 spring and fall semesters. With the implementation of these grants by the end of the year, more than 400 nutrition students will have been trained to give supermarket tours. They, in turn, will have given tours to 4,000 fellow millennials and local community members.
Another new Fruit & Vegetable Marketing Research Grant Program request for proposal was distributed to a targeted group of university researchers in 2014 and two grant proposals were selected by PBH's Board of Trustees, for the 2015 funding period. The research is focused on In-Store Meal Bundles to Increase Grocery Store Purchases of Fruit & Vegetables (University of Wisconsin-Madison), and Manipulating the Sensory Variety of Fruit/Vegetables to Increase their Intake, (Harvard University). The results from both marketing research grantees will be shared during PBH's 2016 Annual Conference, April 4-6.
PBH has continued aggressive retail outreach including seeking ongoing support from retailers (current and prospects), hosting Business Exchange Roundtables with buyers and supermarket dietitians at the PBH 2015 Consumer Connection Annual Conference, maintaining outreach to independent retailers, including attending and exhibiting at the National Grocers Association annual conference in February, and planning and moderating a panel on the importance of supermarkets employing a dietitian, updating the resources on a PBH FTP site just for retailers to provide materials to them more easily, and lastly, planning our 4th Supermarket RD Program at Fresh Summit in October in Atlanta.
Additionally, we worked closely with Kroger on a new health and wellness initiative that incorporated various recipes meeting the Fruits & Veggies—More Matters criteria. An example of one aspect of this new initiative is PBH recipes being placed on the information sheets that accompany prescriptions picked up from Kroger pharmacies as a way to share a healthy recipe direct with customers. Lastly, PBH worked with IGA, Inc. on their new Health and Wellness website by sharing content from our consumer site, FruitsAndVeggiesMoreMatters.org. The new website is focused on helping IGA shoppers to make better food choices.
Health Influencers: PBH's outreach to roughly 20,000 educators and health professionals continues through sharing, monthly, our pre-drafted social media posts and new issues of our bi-annual Fruit & Veggie Connection magazine, and by providing opportunities to participate in topic-relevant webinars. The most recent webinar was held on the 2015 State of the Plate report. Lastly, additional nutrition education downloadable materials were added to the PBHFoundation.org site with more planned.
2015 State of the Plate: Every five years, PBH releases an updated 2015 State of the Plate Report, A Study on America's Consumption of Fruit & Vegetables. The report provides the fruit and vegetable industry, health professionals, and consumer intermediary groups with:
The latest fruit and vegetable consumption trends
Updated information on the varying demographics of fruit and vegetable consumers
An overview of consumption levels by lifecycle and eater segment
Projected growth of fruit and vegetable consumption for the next 5 years
Recommendations about what can be done to make the information in the report actionable
We are seeing progress and positive forward-looking trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among consumers under age 40, which includes PBH's target audience of parents with young children. Unfortunately, consumer groups traditionally most interested in health and who eat the most fruit and vegetables, including those ages 50 and older, are trending downward in their consumption over time.
Moms not only recognize the Fruits & Veggies—More Matters logo, but will purchase a product when she sees it - 56% of moms report that they are more likely to purchase a product with the logo on the package or label! Additionally, of the moms who are aware of the Fruits & Veggies—More Matters logo, 64% report that if they see the logo on a product it means that the product is healthy.
As this data shows, adding the Fruits & Veggies—More Matters logo is an easy way to help boost product sales. The logo can be added to: Packaging, POS Materials, Shelf Talkers, and Rail Strips to name a few examples. If your organization has already signed the license agreement, simply send an email to Kristen Stevens, kstevens@pbhfoundation.org, outlining the ways your company wants to use the logo. If you aren't licensed to use the Fruits & Veggies—More Matters logo and would like to be, Kristen Stevens can also assist.
PBH loves to showcase the various ways our licensees are using the logo, and use of the logo also helps qualify an organization to be recognized as a Fruits & Veggies—More Matters® Champion or Role Model!
Summer is coming to an end so enjoy your last minute vacations and backyard BBQ's! Guide your fans through the last days of summer with our social media posts!
PBH is pleased to recognize the following companies who have contributed their support of the Foundation from June 24, 2015 through July 29, 2015. Your generous contributions help support PBH's many activities to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. To find out how you can support PBH, and grow your business in the process, contact the PBH Development Department.
New Donors:
Brothers International Food Corporation
Canned Food Alliance
Dole Food Company, Inc.
Robinson Fresh
AmeriFresh, Inc.
Borton and Sons
California Table Grape Commission
Chiquita Brands International/Fresh Express
Crosset Company
Crunch Pak, L.L.C.
Enza Zaden North America, Inc.
Fresh Produce Association of the Americas
Gold Coast Packing, Inc.
Golden Sun Marketing
Harps Food Stores, Inc.
Houweling's Tomatoes
Manfredi Cold Storage
Markon Cooperative, Inc.
Martori Farms
Morita Produce Company & Nuthouse
Pennsylvania Apple Marketing Program
Price Chopper Supermarkets
Seald Sweet International
Sterilox Food Safety
Sun World International, LLC
Sunview Marketing International
Times Super Markets
Turbana Corporation
Vacaville Fruit Company, Inc.
Wayne E. Bailey Produce Company