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Learning the Law of Value with Table 301
Gina Boulware is a busy woman. During our 45-minute chat in the empty front section of Soby's, the Director of Marketing and Public Relations at Table 301 received over 20 text messages. One of those was from the manager at…
Ellison ManleyJuly 19, 2018
Client SpotlightWeb Design
[Engenius Launches] 2 Great Websites Built in May
Bike & Build Bike & Build is much more than just a yearly bike trip — it's an organization that addresses affordable housing from many angles and throughout all aspects of their programming. Education, advocacy, service, and grants all make…
Engenius TeamJune 4, 2018
This Website Gives Greenville's History a Fresh Look
Greenville has been a hot spot for several years now with new businesses, residents, cultural events, and visitors arriving weekly. But how much do you know about its history? In April we launched a new site for the Greenville County…
Ellison ManleyMay 7, 2018
Two More Sites Launched in the First Quarter of 2018
Xytel, Inc. Xytel builds pilot plants for companies all over the world. Before working with them, most of us had no idea that such a thing existed, but it has been fascinating to see the small-scale working versions of the…
Ellison ManleyApril 2, 2018
Two New Site Designs (Including Our Own!) We're Excited to Share
We have the pleasure of working with some amazing companies at Engenius, and we're extremely proud of the work we're able to do for them. Creating websites that properly reflect their mission and values, and which are focused on achieving…
Engenius TeamJanuary 29, 2018
Soby's Website Redesign Completed in Time for Their 20th Anniversary
Greenville's restaurant scene has been expanding rapidly over the last 5-6 years, not only in the enormity of dining options but also in the level of quality and national recognition. You'd be hard-pressed to find a travel magazine or "foodie"…
Ellison ManleyDecember 1, 2017
2 New Sites Launched in October
We have the pleasure of working with some amazing companies at Engenius, and we're extremely proud of the work we're able to do for them. Creating websites that properly reflect our clients' missions and values and which are focused on…
Ellison ManleyNovember 2, 2017
3 of the Best Designed Websites You've Ever Seen
Engenius TeamSeptember 26, 2017
3 Great Websites We Launched in August
Engenius TeamAugust 28, 2017
Engenius Grants – Giving Back to Local Nonprofits
You know one of the things I love about Greenville? That on any given Saturday there is a 5K with hundreds of runners supporting a local nonprofit organization. That same Saturday you might see others all dolled up for a…
Engenius TeamApril 14, 2016
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Annual Conference Exhibit Booths have sold out! This year's Conference will feature a diverse and exciting group of exhibiting organizations, and we look forward to providing an outstanding exhibit hall experience for INARF members and Exhibitors alike. Click here to preview the variety of resources on products and services that will be available to attendees.
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This is my first Ludum Dare, although stressful it has definitely been an enjoyable learning experience. "barry-cade" (I normally sneak a character called Barry into my games) is a basic constant scrolling avoid the obstacles thingamabob.
Thank you. I agree it does need a funky beat in the background. Sadly my music skill is 0 :( but it is definitely something I will work on for next time.
I like it, it gets pretty difficult very fast though. I was wondering what your personal high score is?
Neat idea, definitely has room for expansion. Additionally, you have made a game about colour that a colourblind gentleman such as myself can play. So could on you!
Thank you. Originally it did not speed up as quickly but it felt a little to slow to get into. So in the end I went with full speed quick and fast. The best I have done was in the 800 mark. I might expand on this after the compo and slow the game down a bit and add stages etc.
Neat concept, my best try was 270 points, agree with Xgor that some upbeat music would really set the mood for it.
That was fun... only managed 445 points, I feel I got painted into a corner on some runs, do the arrow key movement speeds increase as the forward movement speed increases?
Thank you. No the arrow speed stays the same. I think in hindsight it should speed up to a set point and the start to slow down again... so it come it waves.
with sounds it would be perfect. feels like a first-person-endless-runner and maybe that's how you should market it, and you really should bring it out big.
Love it! Good usage of the theme. Very clean and pretty looks. I maybe would've liked to see some inertia in the sideways movement and the font stands out a bit too much but otherwise this is a great game.
BTW my best score is about 750 so I've been playing it for a while :) Good job !
Congratulations on your first entry.
It's minimalist, it's fun, the graphics look like Mondrian (loved it). The only thing that it lacks is a good backgound track =P. I hope to see your next work soon!


As long as we've been a church, we haven't hosted Gatherings on the weeks around Christmas and New Years. Since this is different than what many churches do, we thought it might be helpful to explain why.
1. CHURCH IS MORE THAN WHAT HAPPENS ON SUNDAYS.
The bible is clear that church is a group of people, not a service on Sunday. While meeting together is important, it is not the main way church is practiced. So when we don't have Gatherings for two weeks, it doesn't mean we're not "having church." It simply means that during those two weeks, our church will not all be meeting together in a building.
2. REST AND FAMILY TIME IS IMPORTANT FOR OUR STAFF.
Not having Gatherings for two weeks helps enable our church staff and pastors to take time off to rest and be with family. This helps our staff and pastors be good leaders to their family, in addition to good leaders of our church. In addition, the bible tells us that resting is a good way of reminding ourselves that it is ultimately God who holds things together, not us. For our staff, resting is important so that we remember that God is ultimately the one who leads his Church.
3. CHRISTMAS IS A GREAT TIME FOR MISSION.
Christmas is arguably the time of year that boasts the most parties and get-togethers. Take the time you would have spent at a Gathering and/or serving with Midtown, and attend/throw a party instead. Show the love and hospitality of Jesus by enjoying time, company, and food with your family, friends, co-workers, neighbors.


"Our Man in Vienna" is a title that George Wallace used for a selection of my poems he published in his Poetry Bay Website. I'm using it as a title for my own Website. I met George Wallace at a reading hosted by our mutual friend David Axelrod at his home in Selden, Long Island a few years ago.
At the time, I was collecting poems by Alter Brody, a forgotten Jewish American poet. George shared my enthusiasm for Brody and we decided to collaborate on Before the Storm.
I am presenting some samples of "stepping" here. Violence under the Guise of Art is a theme that I have dealt with extensively. Instead of allying itself with the forces of light, art has taken a place in the forefront of the forces of darkness, with an ideology of anti-humanism and anti-aestheticism.
Another topic I have "touched upon" is "remigration." This word is a neologism, which means coming back to where you have been driven out. Returning to my birthplace has given me a unique opportunity of writing on Third Reich Revisionism. This topic interlinks with Violence under the Guise of Art like pieces of a puzzle to reveal how the past manifests itself in the present.
The revisionists help perpetuate "cruelty in the name of art" by superficially "opposing" it. Sophistry and syllogism are the gambits the proponents of Violence under the Guise of Art use to daub anyone who critical of such proceedings with a brown brush.
The revisionists paint too: the atrocities of yesteryear are coated with rose-colored tones.
By playing the drums again at a "mature" age, I found the key to writing about the music that has always been a part of my life, which resulted in Swing Men and Women. Here are poems from that collection, as well as portraits of musicians by guitarist and haberdasher Manfred Markowski. Manfred is the man who brought me back to the activity which led to verbal expression.
Smokers and non-smokers are especially welcome to this website. They will be confronted with the pros and cons of that activity, with the emphasis on the cons. If I can get a chuckle or two between drags and coughs from them, I'll be delighted. To add to the enjoyment, there are collages by my artist friend Padhi Frieberger.
On the road I have traveled, I have met many remarkable people. First I name my friend and mentor the late Emile Capouya. "Mike" encouraged me over the years and published two of my books in New York. I include a literary sketch on him, as well as sketches on others I admire.
And I would like to express my gratitude to my friend Fritz Kleibel, a brilliant filmmaker who puts this blog together and provided the film clips presented here.
Concerning projects, I present selections of poetry by the pioneer of poetic colloquial language, Alter Brody, and the wild man of Macedonia, Jozo Boskovski. I've chosen these two poets since their collections have not yet sailed into the haven of publication. However, Brody will be sailing under the imprints of the Verlag der Theodor Kramer Gesellschaft and Writers Ink Press in English original and German translation in a slip box.


Asian Quarterly: An International Journal of Contemporary Issues (AQ), is a Peer-Reviewed Journal, approved by the University Grants Commission of India (UGC). It ia a multidisciplinary journal that aims at providing a platform for reading and publishing latest research in the field of humanities with a focus on culture, language, literature, criticism, linguistics, Pragmatics, and Digital Humanities. The journal welcomes authoritative and innovative scholarship from all practice-oriented literary and linguistic standpoints. In addition, it endeavours to narrow the distance between various disciplines that fall under the humanities.
Launched in May 2003, the journal has been carefully planned so as to live up to the expectations of its readers. We are aware of the fact that academicians, particularly, need to catch up with what has been happening in the world and to acquaint themselves with different perspectives of the experts who really have a grasp of their subject. Most of them also need an instrument that readily serves their own need of expression.
The journal is published by Forum for Culture Studies, a registered Public Trust and is edited and reviewed by senior academicians and research scholars associated with the Pune-based Research Institute, namely, Institute of Advanced Studies in English. It is a widely referred and highly acclaimed journal, having a base of subscribers and contributors in about ten countries.
Asian Quartely is published quarterly in the months of February, May, August and November.
Manuscripts must to typed double-spaced on A4 or 8.5-inch paper with 1-inch (2.5 cms) margins all around. The first page should contain the title of the article, the author's full name, academic affiliation and e-mail address, and a short 50-word bio-statement.
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Semi Tarrasched by Giri!
After his debacle in the third round against Sergey Karjakin, the Indian fans were hoping for Harikrishna to make a comeback against Anish Giri. However, the Dutch grandmaster had come to the game in an inspired mood. He got an interesting position out of the opening and sacrificed a pawn to launch a strong attack against the black king. It was one those thematic pawn sacrifices which you should be aware of. Have a look at the game and learn how Harikrishna could have avoided such a swift defeat.
At the Norway Chess 2016, just a month ago, Harikrishna had scored one of his cleanest victories against an Elite player. It was his game from the black side of the French Defence against Anish Giri. Naturally the Dutch grandmaster was itching for revenge when the two met once again in the fourth round of the Shamkir Chess 2016. This time Anish began the game with the move 1.d4. No more discussions in the French! Harikrishna replied with the Semi Tarrasch Defence.
Semi Tarrasch begins when Black takes on d5 with the knight
Anish Giri had come determined to win!
White gets the full blown centre with pawns on d4 and e4 while Black has long term advantage in the form of queenside majority.
Anish tried to be tricky in the opening. Instead of 11.Bc4 he went for the move Rc1. This gave him the option of developing his bishop to c4 or d3. In the end it went to d3 and took aim against the h7 point.
There is something about the move h6 and Harikrishna at this event! It just doesn't seem to work for him. While it is true that Levon Aronian mentions 13...h6 as the main move in his annotations to his game against Kramnik for CBM 154, I have my doubts about this move. You will see in the game how the bishop dropped back to b1 and the queen was threatening to come to d3 and take advantage of the move h6.
Isn't the playing hall simply majestic?
Anish's move h4 trying to gain space on the kingside and cramp Black's position is quite typical and strong in such positions
Here's the critical position of the game. Take your time and see if you can find the typical idea in such structures for White.
Anish played the move 18.d5! And after exd5 he went ahead with 19.e5!
This thematic idea does a lot of things in the position. It shuts down the bishop on b7. Opens up the one on b1 and also secures the d4 square for the knight. If you don't believe in this idea, you must definitely have a look at the game Kasparov - Najdorf, 1982 for more details!
When it comes to the classics and thematic ideas you can bank on these guys to know them
Hari's position came under tremendous pressure. It was not that he was losing, but the margin for error was very low. It's not easy to keep making the only moves in order to maintain the balance. On the other hand White's task was easy and he kept making natural moves.
The final mistake took place when the knight on d4 was taken by Hari with 24...Qxd4. White played 25.exf7 Kxf7 26.Qc7 and the game was over!
A satisfying victory for Anish and not such a great game for Harikrishna
Detailed analysis of Anish Giri vs Harikrishna
[Event "Vugar Gashimov Mem 2016"]
[Site "Shamkir AZE"]
[White "Giri, Anish"]
[Black "Harikrishna, Pentala"]
[ECO "D41"]
[Annotator "Sagar Shah"]
[PlyCount "53"]
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. Nc3 c5 $5 {The Tarrasch/Semi Tarrach is not a
frequent guest at top level tournaments. One of the main reasons for that is
the fact that White's play seems to be quite easy against it. But nothing can
be farther from the truth as the imbalanced pawn structure is not something
that everyone can understand easily.} 5. cxd5 Nxd5 {The Semi-Tarrasch. Mihail
Marin recently released a DVD for ChessBase on this topic. Could it be the
reason why Harikrishna opted or this?} (5... cxd4 6. Qxd4 exd5 7. e4 Nc6 8. Bb5
{is also an interesting line.}) (5... exd5 {Leads to the Tarrasch.}) 6. e4 {
This is the most ambitious way to play. Although moves like e3 and g3 are
possible.} Nxc3 7. bxc3 {White has the powerful centre. It makes sense to
exchange a few pieces.} cxd4 8. cxd4 {Did you know this opening was also tried
by Fischer in his ninth game against Spassky in the famous World Championship
of 1972? He was able to equalize and comfortably draw the game.} Bb4+ (8... Nc6
9. Bc4 b5 $5 {was the way Fischer played it.}) 9. Bd2 Bxd2+ 10. Qxd2 O-O 11.
Rc1 $5 {After seeing the games Spassky-Petrosian and Polugaevsky-Tal it can be
said that the rook belongs to d1 and the other one on e1. However, moving the
rook to c1 has its own advantages. The bishop on f1 now has an option of
developing on c4 or d3 based on the situation.} (11. Bc4 {is the main move in
this position.}) 11... b6 {Hari was in the mood to try something new.} (11...
Nc6 {Now the bishop cannot be developed on d3. This has already been tried
thrice by Harikrishna against opponents like Ding, Gajewski and Dominguez.} 12.
Be2 {In his annotations to the game against Kramnik, Aronian mentions that
after Be2 Black loses the right to develop his bishop on the most natural
square on b7 but maybe after} Ne7 13. O-O b6 $14 {/=. Black's position looks
not so bad.}) 12. Bd3 Bb7 13. O-O h6 {This move is committal but it is waiting
in a way for White to show his cards. Black wants to decide whether he would
like to put his knight on d7 or c6.} (13... Nd7 {was played by Kramnik against
Aronian and after} 14. Qe3 Rc8 15. e5 {It was not very easy to get the knight
on d7 into the game.}) (13... Nc6 14. d5 $5 {Leads to interesting play.}) 14.
Qe3 {Players are following the game Mamedyarov - Kramnik.} Nc6 15. h4 $5 {
Mamedyarov had used time to play Rfd1 against Kramnik. Giri sees no need for
this and instead goes ahead with the plan of h4-h5 and fixing the pawns on the
kingside.} Rc8 16. h5 {Imagine the bishop going back to d1 and the queen
coming to d3 followed by e5. This h5 pawn will play a huge role at that point.}
Qe7 17. Bb1 Rfd8 18. d5 $5 {Giri of course, knows this thematic idea in the
position. One cannot be sure about how good it is but it is definitely worth a
shot because it makes Black's task of defending not at all easy.} exd5 {
The most natural move.} 19. e5 {Qd3 would be quite strong and hence Black
stops it with} Ba6 $1 20. Rfe1 Qd7 (20... d4 {It could have been an
interesting idea to push the central pawn. But you require some excellent
calculation to make it work.} 21. Qe4 f5 $1 {A very nice idea. Deflecting the
queen from the attack on the c6 knight.} (21... d3 $2 22. Rxc6 $16) 22. Qxf5 (
22. exf6 Qxe4 23. Bxe4 Na5 {Black should be able to hold this.}) 22... d3 $1
23. Rcd1 Nb4 24. Re4 Nc2 {is just an indication of how crazy the play can
become.}) 21. Qf4 {Bf5 is threatened now.} Ne7 22. Nd4 Rxc1 23. Qxc1 Qa4 (23...
Qc8 24. Qd2 $14) 24. e6 $1 {Alert play by Giri.} Qxd4 $2 (24... Rf8 {is not an
easy move to find but was the only way to stay in the game.} 25. exf7+ Rxf7 $14
{And although White is dominating here he still a long way away from winning.})
25. exf7+ Kxf7 (25... Kf8 26. Qc7 $18) 26. Qc7 {Perhaps Hari missed this move.}
Re8 27. Bg6+ {And it's all over. One has to congratulate Giri for a fantastic
game and for scoring a nice revenge victory for his Norway 2016 defeat to Hari.
} 1-0
If you are interested to learn the Semi Tarrasch system with the black pieces you must definitely have a look at the recently released ChessBase DVD on that opening by Mihail Marin. We have the DVD in the ChessBase India shop and if you are an Indian resident you can buy it for Rs.999/- Write to us at chessbaseindia@gmail.com
Crosstable after round four
Harikrishna now faces Pavel Eljanov with the white pieces in the fifth round. You can watch the game live here.
Pictures from the official website

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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	<status><introduced date="1233118800" datetime="2009-01-28"/></status>

	<introduced date="1233118800" datetime="2009-01-28"/>
	<titles>
		<title type="official" as="introduced">Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to provide for earmark reform.</title>
	</titles>
	<sponsor id="400328"/>
	<cosponsors>

	</cosponsors>
	<actions>
		<action date="1233118800" datetime="2009-01-28"><text>Referred to the Committee on Rules, and in addition to the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.</text></action>
		<action date="1233118800" datetime="2009-01-28"><text>Referred to House Rules</text></action>
		<action date="1233118800" datetime="2009-01-28"><text>Referred to House Standards of Official Conduct</text></action>
	</actions>
	<committees>
		<committee name="House Rules" subcommittee="" activity="Referral, In Committee" />
		<committee name="House Standards of Official Conduct" subcommittee="" activity="Referral, In Committee" />
	</committees>
	<relatedbills>

	</relatedbills>
	<subjects>

	</subjects>
	<amendments>

	</amendments>
	<summary>

	</summary>
</bill>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


After marrying my partner** of seven years, many of my female friends were slightly taken back to find out that, yes, I will be taking my husband's last name. GASP.
B — my partner for life, and now husband — truly was a game changer. Meeting in the midst of an almost-quarter life crisis, B was the most supportive person and has been the ultimate human to explore and learn about the world with. We've grown up so much since 2011, and I'm exceptionally grateful that we were able to do it as a team — together. And not to sound too cheesy, but I love that I get to spend the rest of my life with him.
CONFESSION: I was a lazy feminist.
Being raised by a strong woman and a part of a New York liberal Jewish (reform) family, it's no surprise that feminism was never something I had to find within myself, because we all just were. Yep. It was that simple.
Childhood heroes included women I wanted to be and learn more about, like Sally Ride, Rosa Parks, the Spice Girls, Elizabeth Blackwell, Lisa Bonet, the Golden Girls, and all witches burned at the stake.
When I thought I wanted to be in advertising, I went to the Fashion Institute of Technology, I joked it was my version of a sorority mixed with Smith College. It didn't take long for me to realize that public service was actually my calling though. As a former city employee in the melting pot of NYC, I defined public service as constituent services and transparent governing & elections.
As weird as it sounds, it never dawned on me that I could be identifying myself as a feminist and have been weaving it into my existence all along in more than a "girl power" way.
native new yorker who has lived in her jewish liberal bubble for thirty one years.
v strong opinions even when no one is asking.


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The H Word: And Then the Zombie Killed the Vampire
by Nancy Kilpatrick
Published in Nov. 2013 (Issue 14) | 1547 words
Horror fans may have hammered the final stake! The general consensus is: zombies are in, vampires out. Whether or not that is true, zombies have definitely surged to the fore while vampires have seemingly faded into the mist. Which begs the question—Why?
Once upon a time, it was clear who was who and what was what. In H.P. Lovecraft's Herbert West: Reanimator (1921-1922), zombies were created from mysterious serums concocted by mad scientists who reanimated whatever corpses they could get their hands on. (Apparently the author meant his story as a parody of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein.)
But since publication by the late Richard Matheson of his seminal novel I Am Legend (1954), a controversy has raged: are they vampires or are they zombies? The various film versions of that novel have only added to the confusion: The Last Man on Earth (1964); The Omega Man (1971); I Am Legend (2007).
In film, early zombies were created as a punishment or for control, drugged to the imitation of death by a Voodoo priest, then buried and resurrected with no brain to speak of, said poison ultimately identified as derived from the deadly liver of the puffer fish (fugu). White Zombie (1932) is a classic example.
But even when Romero got his hands on the brainless in Night of the Living Dead (1968), the first in his socio-political something-infectious-from-outer-space masterpieces, it was still pretty clear that these shuffling hordes were zombies. They wore dirty clothes, stared blankly, wandered aimlessly, had mortal wounds and missing body parts, and would let nothing stand in the path of a fleshy meal. (Over the years many came to favor one particular organ of the living: the brain.) They did not talk (in film, but they sometimes could in literature) and couldn't think—until Romero taught them how in Land of the Dead (2005). They were driven, slow-moving, and tended to attack in haphazard groups.
Such creatures are evident in the majority of modern zombie fiction and film, although they have now gone from shambling to marathon speed. Two popular cinematic examples of the latter derived from fiction are 28 Days Later and World War Z. But the snail-paced are still prevalent; check out TVs ongoing The Walking Dead, based on the comic by Robert Kirkman. Fast or slow, silent and dumb or loquacious and learning rudimentary organizational skills, there is no way zombies can be confused with vampires. Or, can they?
Vampires are the ancestors of zombies. They have an illustrious history in mythology from almost every culture and appear in a variety of forms, dating back to a reference in The Epic of Gilgamesh (2500 B.C.) when they were known as death-bringers. Most are blood drinkers, some soul stealers, others energy drainers. They can be invisible, ghost-like or corporeal, attractive or hideous, dressed in a death shroud or goth capes and diaphanous gowns, or even sexy leather outfits appealing to fetishists. Some walk, others waft, and a few hop to the imagined beat of their own non-pulsing hearts. There are plenty of ways to dispatch them. They can talk, are frequently educated and sophisticated, and fit rather nicely into civilized society, at least since the early English lit aristocratic undead: Lord Ruthven, Sir Varney, Count Dracula, and Countess Karnstein (Carmilla). And despite all the wailing from hard-core horror fanatics about Stephanie Meyer's Twilight books and films ruining a beloved archetype, it's only fair to point out that vampires in fiction and film have always exuded a certain romantic and/or erotic charisma.
Back in the days of mythology it was different. Vampires were corpse-like, smelly, dirty, and family blood lured the formerly living from the grave, their wives (or husbands) being especially desirable. Preying upon a beloved is a favorite theme in Japanese vamp myths, and in the Balkans.
Historical "real vampires" were more vicious and less discriminating, especially the better known demons. Vlad Tepes, who may or may not have drunk the blood of the thousands he reputedly staked in his garden, just for the hell of it; Countess Elizabeth Bathory, who bathed in and sipped on the vitae of 604 servant girls to retain her beauty (and preferred blueblood, but I digress!); Fritz Haarmann, the Vampire of Hannover, a blood-swilling pedophile who, along with his gay lover, killed twenty-seven boys, ground up their flesh and sold it to the locals as horse meat; Peter Kurten, the Vampire of Düsseldorf, a heterosexual serial rapist-killer for whom the blood of his female victims was an integral part of his sexual arousal.
Comparing the two supernaturals gives a few clues. Vampires come back from the dead, but so do zombies. Because vampires often have the power to mesmerize or seduce victims, even the most repulsive of them can obtain admittance to homes. Zombies are usually disgustingly undead—ugly, stinky, rotting, and they don't require invitations, just enough of them to break down a door. Individual vampires can possess "the strength of twenty men," Van Helsing tells us in Dracula. Individual zombies, on the other hand, have only the strength of the starving and obsessed.
Traditionally, vampires in novels, short fiction, comics, and scripts tend to be loners—Martin (1977), Fright Night (1985 and 2011), the various Dracula-ish movies and books and spin-offs; but may travel in couples or with a familiar—Daughters of Darkness (1971), Let the Right One In (2008 Swedish book & film, 2010 US remake); in gangs or packs—The Lost Boys and Near Dark (1987), 30 Days of Night (2002 comic & 2007 film); or be part of a large vampire-controlled world—in comics and films Blade (1998 and sequels), Daybreakers (2009), Underworld (2003 and sequels). On the other hand, zombies tend to cluster unconsciously. They head toward food by instinct, accidentally gathering into mindless mobs. (See almost all zombie novels and films).
Most literature and film is popular because in some way our world as it is now is reflected. Today's laser-speed mass media and social networking make us constantly aware of feeling the threat of man-made or natural mass extinction, random acts of terrorism, and the daily grinding-down to anonymity exacerbated by obsession with a cyber world that has replaced physical contact with others and leaves so many feeling lonely. It's easy to see how fear builds: strangers can no longer be trusted; any second a catastrophe can occur; society will break down and we will be alone and overrun.
Vampires might reflect that, but too often they can be reasoned with, tricked, or even bribed. They don't represent the mindless and unstoppable masses. They are not terrorists, and rarely exemplify an impending viral pandemic. They do not convince us of a breakdown in law and order or a diluting of the rules of behavior and fair play. What better way to show the fear of being overwhelmed than by a swelling crowd of thoughtless, famished zombies that can't be reasoned with or stopped—a terrifying image to behold.
Articulate beings in formal evening clothes no longer pose a threat, so we have sent them off to date mortals and integrate. It was the vampires of folklore, the dirty, driven undead things that came back from the grave to get us, they—so much like zombies—were the ones we dreaded. But now, zombies do it better. They approach by the dozen, by the hundreds, by the thousands and actualize all our fears rolled into one unstoppable package—death by number. Death that can't be reasoned with, only resisted, to the extent we the living are capable of resisting.
We have not turned against the vampire because he/she is now capable of love, we've forsaken the nosferatu because they are too much like us. They've evolved from the frenzied creatures of folklore to the sophisticated and clever characters of fiction and film and, even in packs, they are organized, smart strategists, planning their attacks. Zombies don't plan. They are not smart. They simply swarm and we are the ones they swarm over. Like plagues of locusts, hives of killer bees, colonies of fire ants, natural instinct drives them. It's food they want and food they will get. And that food is us! There's a difference between the kiss of the vampire and the gnawing off of limbs by hordes of zombies that don't even have the power to hypnotize us, let alone care to. In both cases, the prey becomes the predator. But which would be a more terrifying transformation: to a cognisant being potentially capable of some control over an addiction, or to a decomposing corpse that will never even contemplate restraint? Who wouldn't be more horrified by zombies, the annihilators of the vampire?
We at Nightmare Magazine like discussions. Please use the comments feature to give us your thoughts on whether the H brand is an albatross or worth holding on to.
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Nancy Kilpatrick
Award-winning author Nancy Kilpatrick has published eighteen novels, over two hundred short stories, six collections, one non-fiction book, and has edited thirteen anthologies. Her most recent and award-winning titles are the anthology Danse Macabre: Close Encounters with the Reaper, and her collection of short fiction Vampyric Variations. Current work appears in Searchers After Horror; The Darke Phantastique; Zombie Apoclaypse: Endgame!; and the upcoming Blood Sisters: Vampire Stories by Women; The Madness of Cthulhu 2; Stone Skin Bestiary. Look for her next anthologies Expiration Date (May 2015), and nEvermore! Tales of Murder, Mystery and the Macabre (fall, 2015). Updates can be found on her website nancykilpatrick.com and on Facebook, where she invites you to join her.
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Vicki Momberg sentenced to three years in prison for racist K-word rant
Vicki Momberg will now do time in prison after her racist rant went viral on social media. We have all the details from the sentencing.
JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA - SEPTEMBER 06: Racism accused Vicki Momberg during her appearance at the Randburg Magistrate Court for charges of crimen injuria on September 06, 2016 in Johannesburg, South Africa. Momberg was seen in viral video making racially discriminatory comments against black people in South Africa. The case was postponed to October 18, 2016. (Photo by Gallo Images / Beeld / Felix Dlangamandla)
Former real estate agent and convicted racist Vicki Momberg was sentenced to three years in prison, one of those suspended, by the Randburg magistrates court on Wednesday morning.
Momberg was found guilty of four counts of crimen injuria after a video of her screaming at police officers in a racist rant went viral in 2016.
#VickiMomberg The Magistrate says this case has become a matter of public interest – with some calling for direct imprisonment while others say that would be harsh. She says the State has however called for Momberg to be handed a jail term. HM
— EWN Reporter (@ewnreporter) March 28, 2018
The video shows Momberg complaining about black people and asking for someone who isn't black to help her. According to Magistrate Pravina Rugoonandan, Momberg uses the "k-word" 48 times throughout the video.
#VickiMomberg Magistrate Pravina Rugoonandan reads verbatim Momberg's racial rant that was caught on camera. …"I don't care what anyone says I don't like these 'k***'…". She says the K-word was used 48 times by Momberg that evening. HM pic.twitter.com/x7Cd22M6Ai
Momberg will now become the first person jailed for using the k-word.
The magistrate also found that Momberg's words stripped the police officers of their dignity and while regret was shown, that does not warrant remorse.
Momberg was in tears as the magistrate began reading her judgment.
#VickyMomberg leaving the court room after being sentenced to three years (one suspended) for her racist rant. Momberg is the first person to be jailed for using the K-word. Her rant aimed at a Black police officer, which was caught on camera. Courtesy #DStv403 pic.twitter.com/pwboCxjSl5
— eNCA (@eNCA) March 28, 2018
A few weeks prior to the sentencing, the court heard from a probation officer who interviewed Momberg before asking to be removed from the case.
The officer said Momberg used undermining language towards her and told her she would not understand because she was black.
Tags: prisonracismracist
Baghdad Bounedjah's early goal propelled Algeria to a first Africa Cup of Nations title in 29 years after a fiery...


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Jack Smight (1925–2003)
Director | Producer | Actor
Emmy Award-winning director Jack Smight was born in Minneapolis, MN, on March 9, 1925, the offspring of Irish immigrants. After graduating from Cretin High School he served in the US Army Air Force during World War Two, where he flew combat missions in the Pacific Theater. After the war he attended the University of Minnesota, where he met up with... See full bio »
March 9, 1925 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
September 1, 2003 (age 78) in Los Angeles, California, USA
19 photos »
Midway Trailer: Independence Day Director Takes on World War II
27 June 2019 | MovieWeb
'Butch Cassidy' screenwriter William Goldman dies aged 87
16 November 2018 | ScreenDaily
Legendary screenwriter William Goldman dies aged 87
Deaths: September 1
OS DIRETORES
Lights, Camera, Action: Directors of Hollywood
Some of my favorite Directors
How much of Jack Smight's work have you seen?
Best Decade for TV Shows
IMDb Top 250 Sci-Fi TV Series
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Paul Newman's Greatest Movies
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Your Favorite Ray Bradbury story
Won 1 Primetime Emmy. Another 2 nominations. See more awards »
The Illustrated Man Director
Alcoa Theatre Director
Harper Director
The Twilight Zone Director
Jump to: Director | Producer | Actor | Writer | Miscellaneous Crew | Thanks | Self
Hide Show Director (67 credits)
1989 The Favorite
1987 Number One with a Bullet
1986 Code of Vengeance (TV Series) (2 episodes)
- The Last Hold Out (1986)
- Rustler's Moon (1986)
1982 Remembrance of Love (TV Movie)
1980 Loving Couples
1979 Fast Break
1978 Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry (TV Movie)
1977 Damnation Alley
1976 Midway
1974 Airport 1975
1974 The Man from Independence
1973 Legend in Granite (TV Movie)
1973 Frankenstein: The True Story (TV Movie)
1973 Linda (TV Movie)
1973 Double Indemnity (TV Movie)
1973 Partners in Crime (TV Movie)
1972 Madigan (TV Series) (2 episodes)
- The London Beat (1972)
- The Midtown Beat (1972)
1972 Banacek (TV Series) (2 episodes)
- Let's Hear It for a Living Legend (1972)
- Detour to Nowhere (1972)
1972 The Longest Night (TV Movie)
1972 The Screaming Woman (TV Movie)
1971-1972 McCloud (TV Series) (2 episodes)
- A Little Plot at Tranquil Valley (1972)
- Somebody's Out to Get Jennie (1971)
1971 Columbo (TV Series) (1 episode)
- Dead Weight (1971)
1970 Rabbit, Run
1970 The Traveling Executioner
1969 The Illustrated Man
1969 Strategy of Terror
1968 No Way to Treat a Lady
1968 The Secret War of Harry Frigg
1966 Kaleidoscope
1966 Harper
1965 The Third Day
1964-1965 Kraft Suspense Theatre (TV Series) (4 episodes)
- In Darkness, Waiting: Part 2 (1965)
- A Lion Amongst Men (1964)
- Operation Greif (1964)
1963-1964 Dr. Kildare (TV Series) (3 episodes)
- The Last Leaves on the Tree (1964)
- The Oracle (1963)
- Four Feet in the Morning (1963)
1964 I'd Rather Be Rich
1963-1964 Arrest and Trial (TV Series) (5 episodes)
- Signals of an Ancient Flame (1964)
- Journey into Darkness (1963)
- Whose Little Girl Are You? (1963)
- A Flame in the Dark (1963) ... (uncredited)
- Isn't It a Lovely View (1963)
1963 East Side/West Side (TV Series) (2 episodes)
- You Can't Beat the System (1963)
- The Sinner (1963)
1963 The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (TV Series) (4 episodes)
- The Dark Pool (1963)
- The Lonely Hours (1963)
- The Paragon (1963)
- What Really Happened (1963)
1963 Alcoa Premiere (TV Series) (1 episode)
- The Broken Year (1963)
1962 The DuPont Show of the Week (TV Series) (5 episodes)
- Mutiny (1962)
- The Betrayal (1962)
- The Interrogator (1962)
- The Movie Star (1962)
- The Forgery (1962)
1962 Westinghouse Presents: That's Where the Town Is Going (TV Movie)
1962 The Defenders (TV Series) (2 episodes)
- The Naked Heiress (1962)
- The Empty Chute (1962)
1961 The Law and Mr. Jones (TV Series) (1 episode)
- Lincoln (1961)
1961 The Enchanted Nutcracker (TV Movie)
1961 Westinghouse Presents: Come Again to Carthage (TV Movie)
1961 Route 66 (TV Series) (1 episode)
- Goodnight Sweet Blues (1961)
1961 Naked City (TV Series) (1 episode)
- Dead on the Field of Honor (1961)
1960-1961 Our American Heritage (TV Series) (4 episodes)
- Gentleman's Decision (1961)
- Not in Vain (1961)
- Millionaire's Mite (1960)
- Destiny West (1960)
1960-1961 Sunday Showcase (TV Series) (2 episodes)
- Our American Heritage: Gentleman's Decision (1961)
- Our American Heritage: Autocrat and Son (1960)
1959-1961 The Twilight Zone (TV Series) (4 episodes)
- Twenty Two (1961)
- The Night of the Meek (1960)
- The Lateness of the Hour (1960)
- The Lonely (1959)
1960-1961 Art Carney Special (TV Series) (2 episodes)
- Everybody's Doin' It (1961)
- Full Moon Over Brooklyn (1960)
1960 The United States Steel Hour (TV Series) (1 episode)
- Shadow of a Pale Horse (1960)
1960 The Robert Herridge Theater (TV Series) (1 episode)
- The Sound of Miles Davis (1960)
1960 Destiny, West! (TV Movie)
1959 The DuPont Show with June Allyson (TV Series) (2 episodes)
- The Opening Door (1959)
- Ruth and Naomi/Those We Love (1959)
1959 The Sound of Miles Davis (TV Movie)
1959 Oldsmobile Music Theatre (TV Series) (1 episode)
- A Nice Place to Hide (1959)
1959 The Ten Commandments (TV Movie)
1958 Alcoa Theatre (TV Series) (1 episode)
- Eddie (1958)
1957-1958 Suspicion (TV Series) (3 episodes)
- The Man with the Gun (1958)
- The Sparkle of Diamonds (1957)
- Hand in Glove (1957)
1956-1958 General Electric Theater (TV Series) (2 episodes)
- The Young and Scared (1958)
- Esteban's Legacy (1956)
1958 Victor Borge's Comedy in Music III (TV Movie)
1957-1958 Studio One in Hollywood (TV Series) (4 episodes)
- Presence of the Enemy (1958)
- Balance of Terror (1958)
- The Other Place (1958)
- The Out-of-Towners (1957)
1957 The Seven Lively Arts (TV Series) (1 episode)
- The Sound of Jazz (1957)
1956-1957 Climax! (TV Series) (13 episodes)
- Avalanche at Devil's Pass (1957)
- Let It Be Me (1957)
- And Don't Ever Come Back (1957)
- The Long Count (1957)
- The Stalker (1957)
1955 Goodyear Playhouse (TV Series) (2 episodes)
- The Prizewinner (1955)
- Visit to a Small Planet (1955)
1955 Repertory Theatre (TV Series) (2 episodes)
- Incident in July (1955)
- The Ghost Writer (1955)
1949 One Man's Family (TV Series)
1970 The Traveling Executioner (producer)
1965 The Third Day (producer)
1958 General Electric Theater (TV Series) (producer - 1 episode)
- The Young and Scared (1958) ... (producer)
Hide Show Actor (2 credits)
Dibber
1951 Hollywood Theatre Time (TV Series)
- Father's Harem (1951)
1952 Hollywood Opening Night (TV Series) (1 episode)
- Hope Chest (1952)
1978 The Incredible Hulk (TV Series) (director - 1 episode)
- 747 (1978) ... (director: archive footage)
2001 Sensurround: The Sounds of Midway (Video documentary short) (special thanks)
2001 Sensurround: The Sounds of Midway (Video documentary short)
Himself - Director
2001 The Making of 'Midway' (Video documentary short)
1971 This Is Your Life (TV Series)
- Peter Graves (1971) ... Himself
1969 Tattooed Steiger (Documentary short)
Father of Alec Smight. See more »


text:
require "spec_helper"

describe Delayed::Backend::Sequel::Job do
  before do
    SimpleJob.runs = 0
    described_class.delete_all
  end
  after do
    Delayed::Worker.reset
    Time.zone = nil
  end

  it_should_behave_like "a delayed_job backend"

  it "does not allow more than 1 worker to grab the same job" do
    expect do
      jobs_to_run = 200
      workers_to_run = 20
      jobs_per_worker = jobs_to_run/workers_to_run

      jobs_to_run.times do
        described_class.create(payload_object: SimpleJob.new)
      end

      workers_to_run.times.map do |i|
        Thread.new do
          worker = Delayed::Worker.new
          worker.name = "worker_#{i}"

          # Ensure each worker performs the expected number of jobs as
          # `work_off` will ocassionally perform less than the requested number
          # if it is unable to lock a job within the `worker.read_ahead` limit
          jobs_completed_by_this_worker = 0
          while jobs_completed_by_this_worker < jobs_per_worker do
            successes, failures = worker.work_off(jobs_per_worker - jobs_completed_by_this_worker)
            expect(failures).to eq(0), "Expected zero failures, got #{failures}"
            jobs_completed_by_this_worker += successes
          end
        end
      end.map(&:join)
    end.not_to raise_error

    expect(Delayed::Job.count).to eql 0
  end

  context ".count" do
    context "NewRelic sampler compat" do
      it "allow count with conditions" do
        described_class.create(failed_at: Time.now)
        expect do
          expect(
            Delayed::Job.count(:conditions => "failed_at is not NULL")
          ).to eq 1
          expect(
            Delayed::Job.count(:conditions => "locked_by is not NULL")
          ).to eq 0
        end.to_not raise_error
      end

      it "allow count with group and conditions" do
        described_class.create(queue: "slow", priority: 2)
        described_class.create(queue: "important", priority: 1)
        expect do
          expect(
            Delayed::Job.count(:group => "queue", :conditions => ['run_at < ? and failed_at is NULL', Time.now])
          ).to match_array [["slow", 1], ["important", 1]]
          expect(
            Delayed::Job.count(:group => "priority", :conditions => ['run_at < ? and failed_at is NULL', Time.now])
          ).to match_array [[1, 1], [2, 1]]
        end.to_not raise_error
      end
    end
  end

  context "db_time_now" do
    it "should return time in current time zone if set" do
      Time.zone = "Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
      expect(
        %w(EST EDT)
      ).to include(Delayed::Job.db_time_now.zone)
    end

    it "should return UTC time if that is the Sequel.database_timezone default" do
      Time.zone = nil
      Sequel.database_timezone = :utc
      expect(
        Delayed::Backend::Sequel::Job.db_time_now.zone
      ).to eql "UTC"
    end

    it "should return local time if that is the AR default" do
      Time.zone = "Central Time (US & Canada)"
      Sequel.database_timezone = :local
      expect(
        %w(CST CDT)
      ).to include(Delayed::Backend::Sequel::Job.db_time_now.zone)
    end
  end

  describe "before_fork" do
    it "should call disconnect on the connection" do
      expect( Sequel::Model.db ).to receive(:disconnect)
      Delayed::Backend::Sequel::Job.before_fork
    end
  end

  describe "enqueue" do
    it "should allow enqueue hook to modify job at DB level" do
      later = described_class.db_time_now + 20.minutes
      job = Delayed::Backend::Sequel::Job.enqueue :payload_object => EnqueueJobMod.new
      expect(
        Delayed::Backend::Sequel::Job[job.id].run_at
      ).to be_within(1).of(later)
    end
  end
end

describe Delayed::Backend::Sequel::Job, "override table name" do
  it "allows to override the table name" do
    ::Sequel::Model.db.transaction :rollback => :always do
      begin
        DB.create_table :another_delayed_jobs do
          primary_key :id
          Integer :priority, :default => 0
          Integer :attempts, :default => 0
          String  :handler, :text => true
          String  :last_error, :text => true
          Time    :run_at
          Time    :locked_at
          Time    :failed_at
          String  :locked_by
          String  :queue
          Time    :created_at
          Time    :updated_at
          index   [:priority, :run_at]
        end
        change_table_name :another_delayed_jobs

        expect( Delayed::Job.table_name ).to eql :another_delayed_jobs
      ensure
        change_table_name nil
        # Replace described_class with reloaded
        self.class.metadata[:described_class] = ::Delayed::Backend::Sequel::Job
      end
    end
  end

  def change_table_name(name)
    ::DelayedJobSequel.table_name = name
    ::Delayed::Backend::Sequel.send :remove_const, :Job
    load File.expand_path(
      "../../../../lib/delayed/backend/sequel.rb",
      __FILE__
    )
    ::Delayed::Worker.backend = :sequel
  end
end


text:
A Study of Influence of Entrepreneurship Teaching Workshops on the Increase of Creativity and Innova...
Narges Larijani, Esmail Shabani Nejad, Avishan Yazdani
Science and Education Publishing
From Scientific Research to Knowledge
International Journal of Materials Lifetime
Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015, pp 38-43. doi: 10.12691/ijml-2-1-6 | Research Article
A Study of Influence of Entrepreneurship Teaching Workshops on the Increase of Creativity and Innovation of the Payam- E- Noor Universities of the Mazandaran Province Case Study: Payam- E-Noor Universities of the Mazandaran Province's West
Narges Larijani1, , Esmail Shabani Nejad2, Avishan Yazdani3
1Departman of Management Payam Noor University(PNU), P.O.BOX19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
2The M.A. student of Business Administration Tehran University
32The M.A. student of Business Administration Tehran University
3. Findings of the Research
4. Conclusion and Presentation of Suggestions
Possession of entrepreneurship culture can be searched both in the bed of personality traits and social norms of society. With aim of studying the influence of entrepreneurship educating workshops on increase of creativity and innovation of the students in Payam- E- Noor universities of the Mazandaran province's west, current research is carried out. The used research method is descriptive being of the surveying- correlation type. Statistical universe of the current research consists of all students of Payam-E-Noor universities of the Mazandaran' s west which a 85- individual sample of students, using Morgan table, has been selected by random sampling method. Tool of data/information collection in this research is questionnaire, including 29 questions, and it has been analyzed by use of Pearson analysis statistical methods and T test. Results of the research show that the first and second hypothes of this research dealt with a studying the influence of traits of search for success and independentism of the entrepreneurship teaching workshops on the creativity and innovation have been confirmed. And, the third hypothesis dealt with a study of trait of risk- taking in universities has not been confirmed. Also, the fourth hypothesis concerned with studying the trait of creativity and innovation relates to holding of the entrepreneurship teaching workshops positively and significantly. Therefore, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship teaching workshops influence on increase of creativity and innovation of students positively.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, entrepreneurship workshops, students
Received May 15, 2015; Revised July 14, 2015; Accepted July 20, 2015
Narges Larijani, Esmail Shabani Nejad, Avishan Yazdani. A Study of Influence of Entrepreneurship Teaching Workshops on the Increase of Creativity and Innovation of the Payam- E- Noor Universities of the Mazandaran Province Case Study: Payam- E-Noor Universities of the Mazandaran Province's West. International Journal of Materials Lifetime. Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015, pp 38-43. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ijml/2/1/6
Larijani, Narges, Esmail Shabani Nejad, and Avishan Yazdani. "A Study of Influence of Entrepreneurship Teaching Workshops on the Increase of Creativity and Innovation of the Payam- E- Noor Universities of the Mazandaran Province Case Study: Payam- E-Noor Universities of the Mazandaran Province's West." International Journal of Materials Lifetime 2.1 (2015): 38-43.
Larijani, N. , Nejad, E. S. , & Yazdani, A. (2015). A Study of Influence of Entrepreneurship Teaching Workshops on the Increase of Creativity and Innovation of the Payam- E- Noor Universities of the Mazandaran Province Case Study: Payam- E-Noor Universities of the Mazandaran Province's West. International Journal of Materials Lifetime, 2(1), 38-43.
Larijani, Narges, Esmail Shabani Nejad, and Avishan Yazdani. "A Study of Influence of Entrepreneurship Teaching Workshops on the Increase of Creativity and Innovation of the Payam- E- Noor Universities of the Mazandaran Province Case Study: Payam- E-Noor Universities of the Mazandaran Province's West." International Journal of Materials Lifetime 2, no. 1 (2015): 38-43.
All the world has been affected by change and transformation occurred in the category of entrepreneurship so that world of job and business will be affected by this category forever. For example, it can be referred to powerfully beginning of entrepreneurship activities in united states of America within the past ten years [13]. Many countries have accepted this subject and employed new political policies in order to support small- size and entrepreneur companies. Special efforts have been made aiming at promotion of the innovative activities and increase of innovative potencies as well. At present, European Union (EU) has accepted this subject extensively that future prosperity and welfare depends on creation of the businesses which are rooted in the native economy [14]. In To achieve this affair, a set of the native entrepreneurial talents must be developed and new businesses should be managed. In order to make this affair to be real, effective supportive structures are required in order to use native innovations and reinforce new businesses which are obligatory to create permanent employment. Educational and curricular plans in all courses and their executive processes must be designed in such a manner that the required skills in two focuses/ axes of individual skill and specialized skill are presented to students by them, and performance of entrepreneurship activities in university and, specially, teaching of entrepreneurship is included inside these plans. [18] Significance of entrepreneurship has reached a position in which some knowledgeable experts identify it as one of the production factors like capital and work/ job and introduce it as economic development engine (Driving force) [15]. In university environment, considering that socities, today, sustain remarkable expenses for teaching, universities are thus faced with daily- increasing problems, and many educational institutes are forced to reevaluate their mission and general strategies [16].
Governmental funds are decreasing, and rate of respondence regarding usage of these funds increases. With these financial prerequisites, universities must search for other alternatives in order to create revenue and support their missions. one of the ways of the universities' repondence to the environmental prerequisites and support of their missions is to use entrepreneurship. One of the important curricular plans of this university is plans for development of personal skills. In this curricular plan, the participant learn the significant personal skills in order to complete their own required technical knowledge, and development of the important skills, including entrepreneurship and creativity are to be emphasized upon One of the duties assigned to the participants is project for development of a business through which entrepreneurial skills are learned [1, 2]. With regard to these achievements and an increasing welcome which exists in the global arena, this problem can be deliberated in the developing countries, including Iran that what measures have been taken in this direction, and what mechanisms will exist for future. Existence of these problems made up the research's mind, considering importance and necessity of holding the courses and forming the entrepreneurship workshops in universities, to identify the factors influencing on the formation of these courses and to research on their relationship with observance of the courses.
1.1. Theoretical Foundations and Background of Research
In this section, the key concepts are described firstly and, then, background of research, including the related experimental studies are studied.
1.2. Teaching of Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is a process of presentation of new thoughts, exploitation from available possibilities and opportunities through relying on knowledge, profession and task related to it and risk- taking. Entrepreneurship is a factor which places various factors alongside each other so that exploitation of resources and their activation is feasible aiming at productivity and provision of national profits and the productive and creative institutes are established, leading to multi lateral growth and development [12]. Entrepreneurship supervises the risk- taking and innovative behaviors and exploitation of the opportunities; entrepreneurs are those who, along with risk taking, take advantage of opportunities and, through relying on their own thoughts and experiences, search for new approaches for profitability [9]. Entrepreneurship is a process leading to creation of satisfaction or new demand. Entrepreneurship consists of process of value creation through formation of an unique set of the resources in order to exploite opportunities [1, 2] With regard to above definitions, it can be said that entrepreneurship is a strategical phenomenon and a directive force. Entrepreneurship is a long- term process of education which requires planning in the educational and researching system and it's enforcement from family and school to university and organization, leading to setting of cycle of the country's economical activity into motion [12].
From 1970 on, paying attention to teaching of lessons/ curricula of entrepreneurship in universities was designed and organized considering local, regional and national needs [17]. But, educational background of entrepreneurship in the higher education in developing countries traces back to, and focuses on, beginning of 1990 which this affair, considering increase of unemployment rate and influence of entrepreneurship plans and their teaching in the economic growth of the developed countries, was led to that entrepreneurship is to be taken more into consideration. [11]. Education of the entrepreneurs in the higher educations of our country, with more than a 20 year delay compared, to the developed countries, was taken into consideration under topic an efficient plan in Ministry of Sciences, Researches and Technology in late of 2001 [8].
One of the necessities of establishment of entrepreneur university is creation of capital. Entrepreneurs are faced with difficult in order to put their own ideas into effect [19]. On one hand, big capitalists don't have an opportunity to hear entrepreneurs' ideas and dealing with small tasks and, on the other hand, they spend their own capitals on the enormous projects [18]. Therefore, existence of university which creates / plays a role of center for support of entrepreneurship as a connective bridge between the entrepreneurs and capitalists is necessary. Some knowledgeable experts believe that entrepreneurship doesn't result from direct teaching and the entrepreneurs must be educated by the nurtural method. But, no one denies these themes that usage of new technologies and creation of new business without teaching and researching is unattainable practically [8].
1.3. Significance of Teaching in Development of the Entrepreneurship at University
In the affair of entrepreneurship, nature of entrepreneurship and it's foundations, at first, must be tought and, then, required teachings are presented to the entrepreneurs in order to acquire required skills [10]. In fact, objective of teaching the entrepreneurship is that the students are to be educated as creative individuals during the education courses. These individuals inclued in activities, daring individuals, innovators, users of appropriate opportunities and promotion of current. Entrepreneurship teaching courses search for improvement of motivation and tendency of individuals and deals with cases such as inclination toward independence, usage of ideal opportunities, innovation, tendency to risk- taking, commitment to job, inclination to solve problems and enjoyment from lack of certainity and obscurity [1, 2].
In this research, after comprehensive study of background/ of the entrepreneurship studies from various viewpoints, particularly from perspective of personality traits, the following attributes were selected as components of entrepreneur personality:
1- Creativity: Creativity is them/essence of the entrepreneurship and creativity, by itself, is based on human will. In fact, creativity is right of selection and power of decision- making for selection and power of decision- making for selection. [3] Carol refers to this point that creativity both includes abilities of creating ideas and includes new and unusual responses.
2- Searching for success: Researchers always consider "searching for success" as a single- dimension trait of the human which creates motivation in him/her in order to confront with challenges so that he/ she is able to protect his/ her success and superiority. [7] Macland's theory of requirement to success (1961) is one of the most applied theories regarding entrepreneurship. Macland (1961) expresses that requirement to success consists of:
Tendency to do hard works, superiority over others and acting better than other in order to gain access to a sense of personal achievement. Several studies have observed positive influence of requirement for high success on the entrepreneurial behavior.
3- Risk-taking: Risk-taking consists of admission of the mild risks which can be controlled and restrained by personal efforts [1, 2].
In fact, risk- taking refers to individual's tendency to show risk or avoidance from risk while confronting with risky situations. The researches showed agreeably that the entrepreneurs are moderate risk- takers (Grioland Watson, 2006).
4- Independentism: A need for independence is one of the features which has been emphasized as a very stimulation force. Mackeran and Flannigan (1996) express that independentism can be defined as phrases, including "To have control over oneself destination", "To do a job for oneself" and "To be boss and master of oneself" [1, 2]
1.4. Background of the Research
In a research under topic of "A study of bases and backgrounds of appearance and education of the entrepreneurship in the B.A.M.A. senior students of the Shahid Beheshti university", Azazi [5] concluded that there exists a significant relationship between variables of belief in intrinsic control, motivation for improvement, risk taking, independentism and students' creativity and/ with their entrepreneurship. In a research under topic of "A study of entrepreneurial capabilities of students" carried out in the Isfehan university, Badri [6] showed that the scores of capabilities of entrepreneurship, independentism, intrinsic control, motivation, achievement and creativity are higher than the medium rate of standard score and placed higher than average. Average of the student's risk- taking score is lower than mean rate of the standard score and in the average limit. Also, there is not a significant difference between entrepreneurship capabilities of the Freshman and senior students; that is there is not a difference between entrepreneurship capabilities of the freshman and senior students of the Isfahan University. In another study under topic of a survey of some entrepreneurship spirits in the students of the Shiraz university and it's comparison with industries managers, Yayari reached this conclusion that managers are of a higher motivation for achievement compared to students, and risk- taking of students has been higher than that of managers. Howard studied effect of development of the entrepreneurship capabilities, including independentism, risk- taking, motivation for advancement, intrinsic control, self- confidence and courage of creativity on the entrepreneurship of 450 students and reached this conclusion that there exists a direct relationship between these capabilities and individuals' entrepreneurship abilities. (Lytvnen 2000) their principal assumption is that being a entrepreneur individual is not randomly and by chance, and personality attributes are effective on the entrepreneurship. He tested two variables of motivation for searching for success and emphasis on control. He believes that risk taking, innovation, knowledge in the working and marketing field, ability to hunt opportunities and positive outlook on business are characteristics of an entrepreneur. Through study and evaluation of the existing situation of the students' entrepreneurship teaching in Argentina, Postigo (2002) expressed that the most important courses to teach entrepreneurship are courses of teaching the creativity and innovation from viewpoint of the students. In a research, Ahmad (1985) showed that entrepreneur individuals have intrinsic control, tendency to take risk and motivation for advancement.
1.5. Objectives of the Research: General Objecttive
A study of influence of teaching entrepreneurship on the increase of creativity and innovation of students in the Payam-E- Noor universities of the Mazandaran province's west.
1.6. Special Objectives
1- A study of influence of holding the entrepreneurship courses on the search- for- success feature of the students of Pyam- E- Noor University.
2- A study of influence of observing the entrepreneurship courses on the idependentism feature of the students of Payam-E- Noor University.
3- A study of influence of holding the entrepreneurship courses on the risk- taking feature of the students of Payam-E-Noor University.
4- A study of observing the entrepreneurship courses on the creativity and innovation feature of the students of Payam- E- Noor University.
1.7. Hypotheses of the Research
1- Rate of influence of holding the entrepreneurship courses on the search-for-success attribute in the students of Payam-E-Noor University has a significant relationship.
2- Rate of influence of observing the entrepreneurship course on the indepentism characteristic in the relationship students of Payam-E- Noor University has a significant relationship.
3- Rate of influence of holding the entrepreneurship courses on the risk-taking attribute in the students of Payam-E-Noor university has a significant relationship.
4- Rate of influence of observing entrepreneurship courses on the creativity and innovation characteristic in the students of Payam-E-Noor university has a significant relationship.
In view of the fact that objective is influence of the workshops for teaching of entrepreneurship on the increase of creativity and innovating, the research is thus a applied from viewpoint of objective and is descriptive from viewpoint of how to collect information/ data and being of correlation type.
At first, number of the students participated in the entrepreneurship workshops was identified and information related to society received by referring to Payam-E-Noor university of the Mazandaran province's western part. The statistical universe of this research is all the students in the entrepreneurship workshops of Payam-E- Noor universities of the Mazandaran province's west, including 110 individuals. Considering existence of several branches, simple random sampling method was used. With regard to number of individuals of the statistical universe, sample volume, using Morgan method, was selected to be 85 individuals which, at the end, 85 completed questionnaires were prepared for analysis. In this research, in order to collect the required data, questionnaire was used. In order to measure domestic marketing variable, made- by- researcher questionnaire designed for this purpose is used. In order to assess validity of questionnaire, it's content validity was studied. In order to study content validity, an initial questionnaire was distributed among 30 students and, following the elimination or correction of obscure questions, the domestic entrepreneurship questionnaire, including 29 items / choices was employed which had content validity from perspective of these knowledgeable experts. The mentioned questionnaire designed on the basis of the literature available in the field of entrepreneurship includes 29 questions which were assessed on the basis of Likert five- choice spectrum whose reliability, using Choronbach alpha, was measured to be 0.82 by the researcher. The obtained data/ information were analysed by SPSS software.
In order to study hypotheses of the research, Pearson correlation methods and regression were used. It is in such a way that Pearson correlation method was used to study the main hypothesis and multiple regression was used to study sub hypotheses or subsidiary hypotheses.
3.1. Analysis of Data and Test of Hypotheses
After data collection, data were classified and summarized through questionnaire and using descriptive statistics. For demographic data such as age, education, job precedents, marital status and gender, descriptive table has been presented (Table 1 to Table 3) which the most important part of it's result is as following:
50 individuals of the participants in the design are men (%58) and remainders include 35 women. (%42)
Table 1. Descriptive results of the participants in terms of gender
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Table 2. Descriptive results of participants based on age
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Table 3. Descriptive results of participants in terms of the educational course
Table 4. Descriptive statistics of T test of influence of the entrepreneurship teaching on increase of creativity and innovation
Table 5. single sample T perceptive statistics of influence of teaching the entrepreneurship on increase of creativity and innovation
Of this number, %41 are in the age ranged from 18 to 20 years old, %24 are in the age ranged from 21 to 25 years old, %24 are in the age ranged from 26 to 30 years old and %11 are more than 30 years old as well. from viewpoint of type of educational field, %40 of students were in management field, %27 of them in geography field in, %20 of them in librarian ship field and %13 of them in mathematics field.
Test of hypotheses: in this section, perceptive statistics has been used in order to test hypotheses of the research. In order to study effect of workshops for teaching the entrepreneurship on increase of the creativity and innovation and test the research's principal test, T test has been used.
Result of test and it's interpretation: Average of the descriptive static shows that rate of application of characteristic of creativity and entrepreneurship among students of Payam-E-Noor university in the Mazandaran province's west is higher than quality of the test point. (0.3282). Also, output of T test shows that amount of calculated T (54.803) is greater than the standardized T(1.96) and has been located in region of Ho, and it can be said that zero assumption (The assumption which is opposed to the research) in the significance level of %95 has been confirmed, and research assumption (H1) is denied and this means that rate of creativity and entrepreneurship among the students of Mazandaran Payam-E-Noor university is in a desirable limit.
Regarding subhypotheses of the research, results of Table 6 showed that significance level in the all cases (Other than risk taking) is lower than 0.01 (P- V 0.01); therefore, subhypotheses based on influence of components of searching for success, independentism, creativity and innovation, with %99 of assurance, are to be confirmed.
Table 6. Correlation coefficients between holding of entrepreneurship workshops and increase of creativity and innovation
Using statistical methods of correlation and regression, the current research searches for finding of influence of workshops of teaching the entrepreneurship on the increase of creativity and innovation. In connection with the first hypothesis of this research, it is observed that relationship between search for success, decision and will of students with holding of the courses has been confirmed significantly. And, considering quality of statistic of correlation coefficient calculated to be equal to 0.79 and significance level of 0.00, there exists a significant relationship between searching for success, decision and will of students with holding of the courses. Results of this research are in same direction (conformity) with the researches conducted by Azizi [5], Badri [6], Garusifarshi et al; [4] Therefore, it is suggested that:
Improvement of this feature requires changes in some behaviors of the students. In connection with the second hypotheses, it is observed that relationship between independentism of students with observance of courses has been confirmed together significantly. And, considering quantity of statistic of correlation coefficient calculated to be 0.470 and significance level of 0.00, there exists a significant relationship between independentism of students with observance of courses. There fore, it is suggested that:
Familiarity with life and state of success of successful entrepreneurs leads to that the individuals participated in the entrepreneurship courses to consider them as a symbol and tendency to indepentism increases. Dependence on others' assistance in performing the jobs, following and pursuing of the notified working orders and not being bullheaded are anti entrepreneurship behaviors, for example. In fact, these behaviors suggest that due to various reasons, including culture dominating over families, the pupils and, then, students are nurtured, educated and grown in form of dependent individuals, not independent individual, in the society. Reinforcement of spirit of lack of dependence of the children on father in accomplishment of the assigned affairs is, for example, one of the basic measures in order to reinforc spirit of independence in field of entrepreneurship.
In connection with the third hypothesis of this research, it is observed that relation between students' risk talking and/ with holding of the courses together has not been confirmed significantly. And, considering the amount of statistic of correlation coefficient calculated to be 0.112 and significance level of 0.00, there is not a significant relationship between students' risk-talking and/ with observance of the courses.
Results of this research correspond with findings of Badri [5] as well. Thus, it is suggested that:
According to the obtained results, even though average score of risk taking of the individuals participated in the courses were higher than others descriptively, a significant relationship between participation in the courses and increase of feature of risktaking was not obtained on the basis of the attained analysis. Risk taking is a trait which, under social, economical and educational conditions, can be very different among the individuals and is inherent noticeably. So, it can not be concluded that this attribute is increased by teaching of entrepreneurship. Encouragement of students to select hard targets, not putting importance on occupational security and lack of interest in collection of all required information to make decision are, for example, behavioral measures to improve feature of students' risk taking.
In connection with the fourth hypothesis of this research, it is observed that relationship between creativity and entrepreneurship of the students with holding of the courses together has been confirmed significantly. And, considering quantity of statistic of correlation coefficient calculated to be equal to 0.788 and significance level of 0.00, there exists a significant relationship between students' creativity and entrepreneurship with observance of the courses.
Therefore, it is suggested that:
Although creativeness is inherent, teaching can be used to educate it. There are a lot of creative individuals who don't identify their own feature or don't use it. Courses of teaching the entrepreneurship can be a motivation to improve this feature in the individuals. In addition, it is believed that teaching influences on the individuals' potency. Through teaching, higher education, thus, can influence on the traits and abilities of the individuals positively. Even intrinsic attributes, including intensity of learning, personal traits and creativity can be developed through teaching as well. However, some personal characteristics are teachable more difficultly, but researches show that teaching in the low ages is influential. In this manner, teaching of individuals, specially in the childhood can be led to that individuals gain possession of intrinsic control center and become independentism, risk-taker and creative. Therefore, in order to obviate problem of the lowness of the entrepreneurship's rate, it is suggested that, in Iran, the beliefs of center for intrinsic control and risk taking are to be reinforced and risk taking is to be introduced as a value by culturemaking and cultural innovation. Objective of entrepreneurship teachings must be transfer of knowledge and creation of skill in the students, and, finally, that these teachings must create entrepreneurial outlooks in them.
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