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John O'Sullivan on Margaret Thatcher: A Legacy of Freedom
John O'Sullivan, executive editor of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, has served as a senior editor at the London Times and the Daily Telegraph and as a special advisor to former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. He has also been editor-in-chief of the United Press International, editor of The National Interest and National Review, and a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute. His most recent book is The President, the Pope, and the Prime Minister: Three Who Changed the World.
The following is adapted from a speech delivered at Hillsdale College on May 9, 2008, at the dedication of the third statue on the College's Liberty Walk and the first statue of Margaret Thatcher to be erected in the United States.
IT is a great pleasure to be back at Hillsdale. It is some 32 years since I first visited the College for a meeting of the Mont Pelerin Society. Those few days were an important education in American politics for me. The conference was attended by many people who had just returned from the Republican Convention at which President Ford had narrowly defeated Ronald Reagan. They were full of enthusiasm for Reagan and full of conviction that one day he would become president. Their enthusiasm—and their passion too for sound doctrine—swept me along. I think I became a firm Reaganite at that conference here in Hillsdale. And I have never had cause to regret my conversion.
I was already "a Thatcherite of the first hour," to use Gaullist terminology. Indeed, along with Ralph Harris, Arthur Seldon, Keith Joseph, and such distinguished alumni of that Hillsdale meeting as Madsen Pirie and Stuart Butler, who went on to found the Adam Smith Institute in London in the late 1970s—well, we all have a good claim to have been Thatcherites even before Lady Thatcher. Most of the intellectual groundwork for what became Thatcherism was done in places like the Institute of Economic Affairs, the Adam Smith Institute, the Center for Policy Studies, the Mont Pelerin Society—and Hillsdale College.
But I have to add some words from Lady herself when someone made the same claim in her presence: "The cock may crow, but it's the hen that lays the eggs." We couldn't have implemented those ideas of freedom without her courage, leadership, stamina, and commitment to those same ideas. So it is fitting that Hillsdale College should be erecting a statue to Lady Thatcher—you were allied with her in the same cause of freedom long before she became a personal friend of the college.
I congratulate the sculptor, Bruce Wolfe, on his magnificent achievement. Not only is it a superb likeness of Lady Thatcher at the apogee of her political authority, but it also captures the extraordinary energy that she always projected—even when, as here, seated in a comfortable armchair. I will be especially nervous delivering these remarks today, feeling that Herself is seated just behind me and likely to catch me out in some error.
It is, finally, a great pleasure to be here under the gavel, so to speak, of your President Larry Arnn. I first met Larry at the dinner table in London of the late Peter Utley, a great conservative journalist, who was another Thatcherite of the first hour. While I was learning Reaganism in Hillsdale, Larry was learning Thatcherism in London, in both cases from the best possible teachers. In the end, of course, Reaganism and Thatcherism are the same Anglo-American conservative philosophy of ordered liberty applied in somewhat different national circumstances.
That is why Thatcher and Reagan were such a natural and successful partnership. They did not always look like a natural partnership, however. One acute and well-placed observer, Sir Percy Cradock, who served as Lady Thatcher's foreign policy advisor in Downing Street, pointed to some very sharp differences between them in the following contrast: "the bossy intrusive Englishwoman, lecturing and hectoring, hyperactive, obsessively concerned with detail" and "the lazy, sunny Irish ex-actor, his mind operating mainly in the instinctive mode, happy to delegate and over-delegate, hazy about most of his briefs, but with certain stubbornly held principles, a natural warmth, and an extraordinary ability to communicate with his constituents."
That sounds like criticism. And recent Reagan scholarship suggests that the president was somewhat less lazy and delegation-happy than he liked people to think. But in fact, Sir Percy was an admirer of the partnership as well as one of its close advisors. As he went on to say, these different personalities complemented each other very well. They were not oil and water, but oil and vinegar—no prizes for guessing who was which—and not entirely by accident. Both were determined to make the partnership work. Both shared the same essential philosophy. And both were prepared to back each other up in public even when they differed in private—almost all of the time, at any rate.
Winning the Cold War
Now I shall not devote this speech entirely to the Cold War partnership of Thatcher and Reagan. You know most of that story from the American end. Besides, its essence can be summed up in Lady Thatcher's own tribute to the President: "Ronald Reagan won the Cold War without firing a shot." But she added a little coda too: "Not without a little help from his friends."
That summarizes the truth very crisply. Reagan's friends in this cause included Pope John Paul II, Lech Walesa, Helmut Kohl, Vaclav Havel, Italy's Francesco Cossiga, arguably Mikhail Gorbachev (who has ever since referred to "my friend Ron"), and the peoples of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. All those friends were important and all played crucial roles in restoring freedom to the "captive nations." But Margaret Thatcher was the most consistent, the most outspoken, the most determined, and the most reliable friend to Reagan and the United States in this final climactic struggle with totalitarian communism.
She matched Reagan's military build-up with a strengthening of Britain's defense forces.
She was the strongest voice in Western Europe protesting against the Soviet-ordered imposition of martial law against Solidarity in Poland.
She fought a war to evict the Argentineans from the Falklands—a war that not only showed the fighting spirit of the British forces but also compelled the Soviets to accept that the West would fight to defend itself.
She supplied Blowpipe missiles to the Afghan resistance that gave Reagan the incentive and justification to insist that American intelligence agencies should supply them with the more effective Stinger missiles.
She prevented—it was almost her last political act of importance—she prevented the European Union from accepting the legitimacy of the Soviet incorporation of the Baltic countries inside its multi-national Gulag.
Above all, she rallied the Europeans to ensure the installation of U.S. missiles in Western Europe to match the Soviet planting of SS-20s in the Soviet satellites.
Let me give one example of the many times she acted to stiffen the spines of Western European governments either weakened by the leftward drift of their social democratic parties or frightened by the massive anti-installation rallies of the so-called "peace movement." West Germany's Helmut Schmidt—another friend of America's and a strong anti-communist—was losing the battle to keep his left-leaning SDP from opposing the installation of U.S. missiles. He asked Thatcher if she would take some of the missiles that West Germany had originally accepted in addition to those taken by Britain. She agreed to do so. Both Schmidt and the installation policy were able to survive for another day. In the end, such strong leadership ensured that the missiles were installed across Western Europe in 1984—Germany fully included after Helmut Kohl replaced Schmidt.
This was a decisive defeat for the Soviet Union in the Cold War. They lost their long-cherished hope of being able to employ nuclear blackmail against NATO and to split the Atlantic alliance. They walked out of the Geneva arms control negotiations in protest. But they had to walk back in a little later, and later still in the Geneva, Reykjavik, and Washington summits, they had to swallow disarmament treaties that essentially demolished their military threat to Western Europe. The collapse of communism occurred only a few years later.
Today we forget how quickly the Reagan-Thatcher partnership vanquished communism. Thatcher took office in May 1979 and Reagan in January 1981. They had won power precisely because the voters of the West were worried about the breakdown of their societies and the remorseless advance of the Soviets and their allies—in Southeast Asia, in southern Africa, in Afghanistan, in Central America. Yet by 1982-83 they had stabilized their own societies and begun the military and economic challenge to the Soviets in earnest. In 1982, a senior Politburo official wrote in his diary that the Soviets faced an ideological and economic offensive that they had no idea how to counter. If things continued as they were going, he wrote, there would be what he called "a Polish Russia" in ten years—i.e., the same implosion of communism inside the Soviet Union that had occurred inside Poland.
Neither Thatcher nor Reagan realized that the Soviet system would collapse as quickly as it did. What they did realize, however, was that it was a dying system.
As the Prime Minister was being driven to the London airport on her way to Soviet Premier Yuri Andropov's funeral, Robin Butler, the most senior civil servant in attendance, noticed that she was wearing high-heeled court shoes. Would she be attending the funeral, he asked, in those shoes? Yes? In that case he insisted on diverting the car to a shoe shop where she could buy a pair of fleecy fur-lined boots—the only footwear suitable to a Politburo funeral that would involve standing for hours in a sub-freezing Red Square.
Having bought the boots, Thatcher complained to Butler about their exorbitant price all the way to Moscow.
The next day was as Butler had predicted. Thatcher had to stand for hours in the cold. After the burial, she paid a brief courtesy call to drink a glass of champagne and to shake hands with Andropov's successor, Konstantin Chernenko, at the Kremlin wake. She then returned to her limousine for the drive back to Moscow airport. No sooner had she settled onto the limo's cushions than she apologized generously to Butler.
"Robin, I should never have made such a fuss about the price of those boots," she said. "When I saw Chernenko in the receiving line, I realized at once that they were a sensible investment."
It was a dying system—but it might have taken forever to die of its own accord. Its death was an assisted suicide. Without Reagan and Thatcher standing by the bedside, quietly turning off the feeding tubes, the Soviet empire might have survived another few decades, with huge costs in ruined and oppressed lives and needless arms spending. That it ended within a decade of their elections—and that it ended, unlike most empires, peacefully and without vast bloodshed—is due in large part to Lady Thatcher's combination of strategic firmness and diplomatic flexibility.
Restoring the Vigorous Virtues
Owen Harries, the distinguished Australian editor of the National Interest magazine, once remarked to me that Thatcher would probably be regarded by history as more important than Reagan when it came to economic reform. That seems a shrewd judgment to me. And I would hazard the following reasons for it.
First, the recovery of the British economy in the 1980s was more impressive than America's revival because it started from a lower economic point and occurred in a more left-wing country. Jimmy Carter might have been moderately efficient at ruining an economy, but he was no match for 50 years of socialism and Labour government.
Second, Thatcher had harder opposition to overcome. Her labor market deregulation had to run the gauntlet not only of Labour MPs, but also of timid Tories.
Third, even after passing into law, her labor and economic policies had to survive major non-parliamentary challenges from the labor unions, notably the 1984-85 miners strike. This was a hard-fought battle, but it was also a victory for Thatcher as important in domestic politics as the Falklands War was in foreign policy. It removed the last lingering, nervous fear of both the voters and the markets that labor unions could render Britain ungovernable and the elected government impotent. And it weakened the extreme left everywhere, including in the Labour Party, by demonstrating that its trump cards amounted to a busted flush. Though Labour took some years to realize the fact, Thatcher's victory entrenched her economic and labor reforms as the new consensus of British politics.
Once that happened, as Harries pointed out, the British economy began its long boom, combining economic growth with price stability. Loss-making industries were closed down or reduced in size. Manufacturing industries shed labor, often while increasing output, as they restructured to meet foreign competition. New companies or entrepreneurs from academic and non-industrial backgrounds established new industries in the financial services, information, and high-tech sectors. Privatization transformed inefficient state-owned industries into dynamic private sector enterprises. New financial instruments allowed entrepreneurs to take over sluggish low-earning companies and put their assets to more profitable uses.
In general, Thatcher's British economy, like Reagan's revived U.S. economy, was characterized by change, profitability, growth, the better allocation of resources (including labor), and the emergence of new industries—indeed of an entirely new economy—based on the information revolution.
Allied with these reforms was the spread of capital ownership. Thatcher had drawn the battle lines with Labour in a 1987 election speech: "Labour believes in turning workers against owners; we believe in turning workers into owners." Two-thirds of Britain's state-owned industries were sold to the private sector, resulting in more efficient industries and wider capital ownership. Between 1979 and 1989, the proportion of the British public owning shares rose from seven percent to fully one-quarter. And more than a million people bought their own homes from often reluctant local authorities.
There was a social side to this economic liberalization too. And this was more significant in Britain than in the U.S., which has long had a strong enterprise culture under governments of both parties. Here is Thatcher's Finance Minister, Nigel Lawson, pointing out some of the signs of a growing enterprise culture in Britain:
For many years there was an average increase of 500 new firms per week—after deducting closures. There was a rise from little more than one million to over three million in the number of self-employed. The UK venture capitalist industry, which scarcely existed when we first took office, had by 1985 become twice as large as its counterparts in the rest of the European Community taken together.
I would underpin this with an example from my own life. When I graduated in 1964, there was not a single member of my graduating class who intended to start his own business. They all wanted to become trainee managers at large corporations such as Imperial Chemical Industries and Metal Box. Twenty years later, at the height of the Thatcher revolution, half the science graduates of Cambridge intended to start a software company and half of the graduates of the Royal College of Arts became famous fashion designers within weeks of putting out their shingles.
All these changes were a revival of what Shirley Robin Letwin, the distinguished Anglo-American political theorist, called the "vigorous virtues" in her important study of Thatcherism. These are such qualities as self-reliance, diligence, thrift, trustworthiness, and initiative that enable someone who exhibits them to live and work independently in society. Though they are not the only virtues—compassion might be called one of the "softer virtues"—they are essential to the success of a free economy and a civil society, both of which rely on dispersed initiative and self-reliant citizens.
That transformation did not stop at the Atlantic's edge. Thatcher (and Reagan) also changed the world economy by virtue of the demonstration effects of Reaganism and Thatcherism. They had provided the world with successful models of free and deregulated economies.
These demonstration effects were similar but not identical. Tax cuts were America's principal intellectual export; privatization was Britain's.
Of the two, privatization was the more important globally, since the Third World and post-communist economies were encumbered with a vast number of inefficient state industries. Privatization expertise became one of the City of London's most profitable services over the next two decades. Even the Soviets and Western European communists were forced to change course by the widespread adoption of privatization internationally—and also by the equally widespread acceptance of the market logic behind it.
In the Politburo archives I found this unwitting tribute to Lady Thatcher in a 1986 conversation between Gorbachev and Alexander Natta, the General Secretary of the Italian Communist party:
Natta: At the same time we, the communists, having either overestimated or underestimated the functions of the "welfare state," kept defending situations which, as it became clear only now, we should not have defended. As a result, a bureaucratic apparatus, which serves itself, has swelled. It is interesting that a certain similarity with your situation, which you call stagnation, can be seen here.
Gorbachev: "Parkinson's law" works everywhere. . . .
Natta: Any bureaucratization encourages the apparatus to protect its own interests and to forget about the citizens' interests. I suppose that is exactly why the Right's demands of re-privatisation are falling on a fertile ground in Western public opinion.
Once the command economies of the Soviet Bloc collapsed in 1989, revealing the extraordinary bankruptcy of state planning, it was the Thatcher model that the new democracies mainly sought to emulate.
Lady Thatcher became a hero to these new societies. But when she visited them, her message was political as much as economic: It was that they should treat the rule of law as being vital to both democracy and market freedom. Her message was one of ordered liberty.
That is a battle she believes has yet to be won—and in some cases even fought—by the conservative side.
Reviving Ordered Liberty
When Lady Thatcher revived the British economy, she was reviving profound social virtues that the British had once exemplified to the world—the Thatcherite "vigorous virtues" described above. In 1979, they seemed utterly destroyed by 50 years of statism and socialism. In fact, they had merely been driven underground by government over-regulation and intervention.
As James C. Bennett has observed, it took only a few years of Lady Thatcher's application of free market solutions for these virtues to become vigorous again. Once that happened, it took only a few more years for those revived virtues to transform Britain from the sick man of Europe into the world's fourth largest economy.
Deep social patterns can rarely be extirpated altogether. Cultural transformations of nations and societies imposed by governments nearly always fail in the long run. The old ways only look dead; in reality, they are merely dormant. They are the resources of our civilization and they can be revived to meet new challenges.
If Lady Thatcher demonstrated that truth in matters economic, she believes today that the resources of the Anglo-American political tradition of ordered liberty are not exhausted either. She believes that the virtues of that tradition—dispersed authority, open debate, popular sovereignty, spontaneous social evolution—are not dead, merely dormant. Indeed, they are flourishing in those new democracies, such as Estonia and Poland, where they have been introduced since 1989 (and where economic success is far more obvious than in countries that have clung to more centralized models). They are flourishing too in the English-speaking world outside Britain—notably in the U.S., Australia, and a reforming India. And they offer the best hope for Third World countries emerging from poverty and backwardness into a world of globalized opportunities.
Ironically, however, these virtues are threatened in Britain by growing statist regulation under New Labour; by the nation's absorption into a European political structure built upon a very different tradition of constructivist rationalism; and by the failure of many conservatives to see the dangers in a European and global governance that lacks democratic accountability and threatens liberal freedoms.
Lady Thatcher could well afford to ignore these threats and spend her declining years in pleasant social activities. She has earned her rest. And sometimes her friends manage to compel her to enjoy herself. Yet she doesn't really enjoy enjoying herself. And until her doctors finally put their collective foot down, she devoted much of her retirement to writing books, such as Statecraft, that apply the lessons of ordered liberty to the new circumstances of a globalized world.
Her new message is a kind of international Thatcherism. She believes ordered liberty to be a better system than constructivist rationalism for nations as well as for individuals. She believes in international cooperation between sovereign nation-states rather than global governance by transnational institutions. In particular, while urging a warm relationship with continental Europe, she proposes that Britain should regain and exercise its sovereign independence in a wider commonwealth of English-speaking peoples.
These are controversial views. But they may also be prophetic. The British people adapted with surprising speed and success to the restoration of their economic liberties in the 1980s. Today they are plainly uncomfortable in the bureaucratic structures of a Europe constructed upon an alien political tradition. Freed from these stifling political constraints, they might flourish independently yet again.
Of course, Lady Thatcher does not expect this will happen in her lifetime. But she didn't believe she would live to see the end of the Soviet empire either. And the lesson of her whole life is: If you don't try, you won't succeed; but if you do try, you cannot imagine how successful you might be.
A bringer of hope and a messenger of freedom, Margaret Thatcher would be at home at Hillsdale College as much as her statue will undoubtedly be.
Reprinted by permission from Imprimis, a publication of Hillsdale College.
Labels: Economic Liberty, John O'Sullivan, Margaret Thatcher

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Speaker disinvitations on college campuses tend to start long before commencement season, and this year is no exception. New York's Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School (CRCDS) appears to be this academic year's first offender.
Working with Rochester-based church group Christians Witnessing for Palestine, CRCDS scheduled a September 24 speaking event for Rev. Graylan Hagler, a Palestinian-rights advocate and senior pastor at Plymouth United Church of Christ. But, as happens all too often with controversial speakers, complaints began to roll in from outside groups who opposed CRCDS' decision to invite Hagler.
Roc4Israel, a group dedicated to "counter[ing] the negative rhetoric towards Israel," sent 500 flyers to Rochester-area homes opposing Hagler's views, and the Jewish Confederation of Greater Rochester "expressed concerns" about Hagler's speech as well.
"Sadly, in this case neither we nor Christians Witnessing for Palestine did an adequate job of vetting and reviewing the particular speaker's message and recent history," said McMickle's statement.
McMickle's statement walking back Hagler's invitation is predictable, considering how often colleges fold under pressure from groups like those who were demanding Hagler's disinvitation.
CRCDS is a divinity school and, because of that, its promises of freedom of expression are unsurprisingly weaker than those of most private institutions. For example, the college's "Statement on Student Conduct" states students must foster an environment of "respect for the dignity of others," a value that can often clash with free and open debate.
However, in that same statement CRCDS characterizes its community as one defined by "free expression, free inquiry" and "intellectual honesty." A college community claiming to appreciate the freedoms of expression and inquiry is not one that disinvites speakers simply because some groups—especially off-campus groups—are offended by what that speaker has to say.
Hagler's speech was ultimately hosted at a different location in Rochester by the local chapter of Jewish Voice for Peace. It's reassuring when outside venues are willing to host controversial speakers after colleges choose to disinvite them, but it's regrettable that they must be called upon to do so in the first place.
FIRE hopes other colleges and universities don't follow in CRCDS' footsteps this fall semester.


How many of you dream of getting clicked with your favorite celebrity? You are not alone in this if you do!
I am sure almost everyone wants to click a selfie or a photograph whenever they see someone popular, just so that they can brag about that in front of their friends. Has anyone of you got that opportunity yet?
Well, this Instagram user has! He has actually lived the dream for eternity, which many people can only imagine, with his photoshopping skills. Going by the account name, "unseenfriend", this person is photoshopping himself with different celebrities and posting the pictures on his Instagram account. No wonder he has got so many followers in just a short span of time.
And I am sure he did not buy Instagram followers to get to this number. His talent is really praise worthy, winning him such a huge following.
Most of us only get to dream getting clicked with our favorite stars. But this person has made that dream into reality. By finding stunning pictures of different celebrities from their Instagram accounts, this "Unseen Friend" is placing himself in the photo frame and sharing the photo love on his social media handle.
His Instagram bio reads, "Just an ordinary guy who is Bollywood's Favorite Friend. I post pictures which my celebrity friends and the media won't show you." Here is the link to his profile, which you can check out and enjoy. You would definitely not regret it even 1%.
The person is so talented that you would not be able to tell the difference in the image clearly. He has attached himself to the photos so closely and perfectly, that everyone has broken into a laughter riot following his photo love. And once you start checking out his profile, you would not be able to stop yourself from visiting every photo that he made, and laughing even more till your stomach aches. Such news and information is always entertaining, no matter how many times you go through them. So make sure you take a visit to his profile definitely.


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Michael Jackson biopic moving forward with 'Emancipation' director Antoine Fuqua at the helm
Entertainment Daypop
Emancipation and Training Day director Antoine Fuqua will be at the helm of the upcoming Michael Jackson biopic. The film, titled 'Michael', is written by John Logan and produced by 'Bohemian Rhapsody' producer Graham King, alongside the co-executors of the Michael Jackson Estate, John Branca and John McClain. No word yet on who might be playing the King of Pop.
Lionsgate Motion Picture Group Chairman Joe Drake said in a statement: "Antoine is a perceptive and powerful filmmaker, and we feel very fortunate that he has chosen Michael as his next project. His visionary storytelling skills and commitment to his craft will make Michael an unforgettable film."
Producer Grahm King added, "Antoine's films provide personal perspectives of larger-than-life characters that continuously captivate global audiences. I'm confident that Antoine will make an exceptional and compelling film that will both celebrate and give profound new insights into the life of the King of Pop."
'Michael' will chronicle the life and career of Jackson, though it has not yet been revealed which parts of the late singer's life the biopic will focus on. Press releases stated that the film will "make the most of Jackson's musical accomplishments and recreation of seminal career," starting with his rise to fame as a child singer in 'The Jackson 5' to his solo success as an adult. It is also reported that 'Michael' will touch on the scandals that plagued Jackson's personal life, including allegations of sexual abuse that had been leveled against the singer.
Editorial credit: Vicki L. Miller / Shutterstock.com
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The driving mission of IRCI is to facilitate the development and delivery of hypothesis driven interventional clinical trials for patient with rare cancer. The initiative to date has convened 9 groups and opened 7 trials. In recognition of the requirement to coordinate trial development internationally (to maximise funder approval and delivery success), IRCI is establishing a number of new international rare cancer groups. Future IRCI groups/studies will benefit from the broad international reach of the IRCI partner members, and application of key lessons learnt from the initial set of IRCI trials.
IRCI is running an EOI call for new working groups who wish to develop an international trial in a rare cancer. If the EOI is successful, IRCI will support the group chairs to make international connections to establish a group of interested parties, will coordinate meetings alongside ASCO or other international conferences, and will be able to provide information and advice on how to approach parallel funding applications and feasibility.
Send EOI form to IRCI@cancer.org.uk by 27th April 2018 (this has been extended from 5th April).
Your EOI will be shared with the IRCI Board of Directors and their countries respective clinical communities.
At ASCO 2018 the IRCI Board will assess where there is shared interest to collaborate internationally and where there is scope to deliver a feasible hypothesis driven practice changing clinical trial. Feedback will be provided post ASCO 2018 to advise if your proposed IRCI rare cancer group has been selected to take forward.
As a guide, cancers with a total incidence of between 2-6/100,000/year will be prioritised for inclusion (priority will not be given to rare molecular sub-types of a common cancer where it would be feasible to study the rare cancer as a stratification off a common cancer trial).
Where there is potential for a hypothesis driven interventional trial with a research treatments of interest for investigation, and sufficient patients for an international trial to be feasible (audits, registries or non-trial tissue collections are not within remit).
There is a lack of existing international forum to initiate discussion.
Enthusiastic commitment is essential from at least two investigators based in IRCI partner member countries who are willing to act as group leads. Broader group membership can be made up of colleagues from any country globally where there is interest to participate.
The Board might consider soliciting a project from the entire IRCI, which is not tied to individual groups or countries.
It is expected that IRCI group meetings and telephone conferences should be supplemented by group activity offline. Group leads are responsible for building the broader group membership and self-managing the groups direction, driving progress to design/set up/deliver trial and to seek funding nationally (IRCI does not provide funding for trials).
The IRCI secretariat will facilitate a base level of meetings/teleconferences to support the group's discussions – including a face to face meeting at ASCO each year plus 1 other face to face meeting at an appropriate international conference attended by your disease specialty colleagues.
No funding is available to support travel arrangements of IRCI group leads or IRCI group members to attend IRCI meetings. Meetings are planned alongside conferences at which it is expected your colleague would already be attending.
Support with funder level engagement/alignment, signposting and sharing of best practice.
IRCI groups will be facilitated for up to 3 years, at which time it would be anticipated that trial set up would be under way.


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The success rate of IVF treatment in Gujarat is rising day by day but basically, IVF treatment in Gujarat relies on the age of the victims that, includes the age of male and the female both. Actually, male and female are under the age of 40 then the success rate is high but after that, it's hard to expect success chance.
Pros of IVF treatment in Gujarat influences positive impact on you because after observing the pros only you can decide whether how the treatment will affect you and what is the probability of achieving the child. Pros of IVF treatment in Gujrat are literally very effective for sterile male and female because they use all that methods which is required to the sterile male and sterile female. And the most positive is that you will get you finance refunded if not got the successful result.
There is very less probability that Cons of IVF treatment in Gujarat will impact on you badly because IVF treatment does not include any such a specific cons. Cons of IVF treatment in Gujarat is that you may suffer from unsuccessive result due to lack of quality of service but these factors exist very rarely.
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IVF cost in Gujarat will never create any financial problem in your life even they will compromise the cost because for them your problem is given first the priority to be resolved.
How to apply for baby exist visa?


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Looking for an SEO Company? Consider the Following Factors.
There are several SEO companies in the market, which makes it challenging to find the right company for your needs. However, not all SEO companies are reputable, it is important to do some due diligence before settling for a company. Below are tips you can use when selecting a SEO company.
When looking for an SEO company, it is important to check if the company has any experience in the field. If you want positive results, it is advisable to choose a company that has been in the field for several years. The knowledge of a company in the search engine field advances over the years they have been doing it. Experienced companies have worked with many companies in different fields, hence they are in a better position of improving the results of your website in the search engine.
Does the SEO company have any case studies? If a company is unwilling to show their case studies, that is a red flag and you should avoid working with them. The case studies is the only way you get to see the kind of work the company does and the performance. The case studies will show you if the company is able to generate positive results or not. To avoid getting disappointed, it is best to not work with a company that has no case studies.
Another thing you should look out for it's the strategies of the company. A reputable should be able to provide you with the strategies they use, they should also be able to explain them to you. It is advisable to do your research and find out if the SEO company has been accused in the past of using unethical work ethics such as hacking in search engine advertising.
It is important to check if the company has the necessary certifications. Go for a company that has undertaken courses in search engine optimization advertising.
To ensure you get unbiased information about the SEO company, it is advisable to check the reviews that have been done on the company. Check for customer testimonies on the company's website, social media pages and other reputable platforms online. Avoid companies that have constant complains from their past clients.
Does the company have any referencing? It is advisable to always get the opinion about the company from a third party. Ask them if their website has grown over the period they have been working with the company.
How much does the company charge for their SEO services? When choosing an SEO company, always ask the packages they have and the fee they charge monthly. To avoid getting in to financial constraints and not been able to pay the monthly fee, go for a company that is within your budget estimate.


text:
Oil & Gas »
S Varadarajan
Numaligarh Refinery
Company Expansion
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited.
Numaligarh Refinery focusing on Rs 20,000 crore expansion plan: Chairman S Varadarajan
NRL is focusing on its ambitious refinery expansion plan at an estimated cost of Rs 20,000 crore, along with initiatives to penetrate markets of neighbouring countries.Bikash Singh | ET Bureau | September 05, 2015, 06:03 IST
GUWAHATI: Bharat Petroleum Corp's Numaligarh Refinery in Assam has sought concessions from the Centre and state government for its proposed refinery expansion project.
Numaligarh Refinery plans to invest Rs 20,000 crore to increase refining capacity threefold to 9 million metric tonnes per annum.
S Varadarajan, BPCL's chairman and managing director who is also Numaligarh Refinery's chairman, said the boards of both companies have cleared the expansion project, which includes a 6 MMTPA crude oil pipeline for transporting imported crude from the east coast.
He said a detailed feasibility report on the project had been prepared. "We have sought capital subsidy and excise concession from the government."
The company is also making initiatives to enter markets of neighbouring countries. Numaligarh Refinery is pursuing plans to lay a 135-km petroleum product pipeline from its terminal at Siliguri in West Bengal to Parbatipur in Bangladesh.
Feasibility study and field survey for the pipeline have been completed, he said. A memorandum of understanding has been signed between the company and Bangladesh Petroleum Corp to form a joint venture for implementing the pipeline project.
Numaligarh Refinery Managing Director P Padmanabhan said the chairman of Bangladesh Petroleum may visit Assam next month.
Tags : Oil & Gas, S Varadarajan, Numaligarh Refinery, Company Expansion, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited.
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differential resource utilization(resource partitioning) The situation in which ecologically similar species sharing the same habitat exploit different resources, or the same resources but in different ways, thereby avoiding competition.
"differential resource utilization." A Dictionary of Ecology. . Encyclopedia.com. 23 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.


What happens when I Have a Driveway Installed?
Many people have technical questions about what happens when their block paving driveway is installed.
When we do the original appointment we will come out and measure the area to be block paved and discuss the type of pavers that you are interested in, standard block paving, tumbled paving etc and your choice of colour and any edging, drains or drainage channels that may be required.
When we come out to install your block paving driveway we start by excavating the area to be laid. Once the groundwork has been done, the next stage is to compact the ground to make it even, we will then lay a base of MOT Type 1 aggregate and this will be compacted.
The next stage is to lay and screed the sand, we will then install edges and start to install the block paving. Before the block paving is layed, we will discuss the pattern that you require. Our site manager will be happy to advise you. Once the paving has been installed it will be compacted. The next stage is to brush in kiln dried sand. The paving will then be compacted again. You will then have a stunning new driveway.
For a free quote or a friendly chat about your project, please contact us on: 01425 837803; email: sharon@sarumpaving.co.uk or use the form below to make an online appointment.
Many people have technical questions about what happens when their block paving driveway is installed. When we do the original appointment we will come out and measure the area to be block paved and discuss the type of pavers that you are insterested in, standard block paving, tumbled paving etc and your choice of colour and any edging, drains or drainage channels that may be required.


text:
Elizabeth Gilbert Interview, plus links to author biography, book summaries, excerpts and reviews
Elizabeth Gilbert Biography
An interview with Elizabeth Gilbert
Elizabet Gilbert talks about her memoir, Eat, Pray, Love, her personal, spiritual and emotional journey, and how it led to a renewed self-awareness and direction in her life.
The realization that you did not want to have children serves as a turning point in the reevaluation of your life that led to divorce. Later you quote Virginia Woolf—"Across the broad continent of a woman's life falls the shadow of a sword"—writing about a woman's choice between convention and tradition versus "a far more interesting" yet "perilous" life. Do you think this is as true today for the modern, urban American woman?
When modern American women make the deliberate choice not to have children they are still called upon to defend that choice, in a culture where motherhood is still regarded as the natural evolution of a woman's life. But I remember my own mother musing once that she thought women had been "sold a bill of goods" during the 1970s, in terms of being promised that they could have everything simultaneously—family, career, marriage, privacy, equality, femininity, and autonomy. Reality has taught us that no woman can build an honest life without sacrificing something along the way. Deciding what will be sacrificed is not easy. But the good news is this: increasingly, that decision is ours.
Joseph Campbell spent a lifetime studying myths from around the world, ultimately sketching the archetype of the hero as a protagonist who sets out on a journey that ends in personal—and spiritual—transformation. Do you see echoes of the hero's tale (well, heroine's) in your own story?
Back when Campbell (whom I love, by the way) was teaching at Sarah Lawrence College, his female students would sometimes ask, "But what about the heroine's journey? Don't women get to participate in this universal questing epic?" Traditional world mythology, however, frankly replies: "Nope." Women (as life bearers) have always been seen by mythmakers (men) as being automatically perfect for their task; they don't need to transform. Well, I was never going to be a life bearer and was painfully yearning for the classically soul-changing quest. So throughout my journey, I definitely identified much more closely with the struggling hero archetype than with the self-possessed goddess archetype.
Do you think travel necessitates personal growth because one is forced to respond to and accept the unfamiliar? In your opinion, how much does it depend on an individual's willingness to embrace opportunity?
No experience in this world has ever been cathartic without the willing participation of the individual. Life does not automatically bestow wisdom or growth upon anyone just for showing up. You have to work ceaselessly on your end to digest and imbibe your opportunities or, I have come to believe, they will gradually slip away and knock on someone else's more receptive door.
You have a strong distrust of antidepressants, portraying them as Western medicine's easy answer to despair. In light of the experiences related in the book, do you now believe that seeking help when one needs it is a sign of courage and the first step on the road to healing?
I actually have a great deal of respect for antidepressants; I think they can be enormously mighty tools toward recovery. What I question is the current notion that a little vitamin P is the only thing needed to restore a torn life. We are multifaceted beings, and if we are to heal our suffering we must address our wounds on every imaginable level, seeking help from as many sources as possible, not just from pharmaceutical companies. And, yes, that all begins with the brave admission that one is lost and wants to be recovered.
You ended up structuring your book conceptually using japa mala—the beads used as an aid in many strands of Eastern meditation—as your model. This allowed you to tell your tale using 108 sections, divided into three groups of 36, your age at the time, with each group representing a different leg of your travels. How did you decide to use this device, and how difficult was it to remain faithful to this format?
Brace yourself for the world's hokiest answer: the idea came to me in meditation in India. The idea arrived fully formed. In one glorious instant I was shown a complete vision of how the book would be organized. This idea was a massive gift to me; the structure kept my storytelling in order, preventing me from rambling digressions. And the idea of the prayer beads kept me on topic emotionally, too, reminding me at every moment that this book was ultimately a spiritual exercise, an offering.
How did you come to the decision to have your sister and, to a lesser extent, your mother serve as points of comparison for your own life?
How could they not be comparisons? I think we all compare ourselves to our mothers and sisters, and, in my case, these are the two most influential women in my life—powerful and inspiring. And yet they've made markedly different choices than I have. But I witnessed this truth in them, too—that it was not without a certain level of sacrifice and struggle that they embraced motherhood and marriage. I learned a lot about my own ambivalence by studying theirs from every visible angle, using their experiences to teach me about myself.
The personal encounters you have in Italy, India, and Indonesia seem to affect you deeply, and your guru's philosophy clearly informs your own. Do you think that self-discovery requires the insights of others? What do you make of this paradox?
I don't see the paradox; I think sincere self-exploration requires the insight of everyone. One of my guru's most helpful instructions is to "become a scientist of your own experience," which I take as an invitation to explore every possible line of human spiritual thinking. The world has been blessed with some extraordinary teachers over history—use them! That said, studying can only take you so far. At some point you have to lay aside the books, hope that your mind has actually absorbed some wisdom, and just sit there in silence, letting your soul ascend to its own leadership. And that's something nobody can do for you.
Before you leave India, your poet-plumber friend from the ashram writes a few lines of verse as a good-bye. In his poem, he describes you as "betwixt and between." Do you think one can remain continually betwixt and between or is there a point at which this approach to life would become a burden?
Well, you don't want to become a hunk of driftwood. When I was in India I ran into some travelers who'd never settled down, and they all had that look of tight madness around the eyes. What you do want to remain, though, whether you are traveling or not, is alert. Pay attention to the signals—is it time to lay down roots? Or time to go exploring again? As for me, I've come to trust the power of a lifelong quest; if you keep asking honest questions and keep giving honest answers, you will always be instructed clearly on what to do next, and when and with whom. (In other words: I'm happily and quietly living with my sweetheart, for the time being, in Philadelphia.)
Eat, Pray, Love marks a point of departure from your previous work by focusing on your own life. Was it difficult for you to turn your talents to your own experience, revealing so much to readers about your internal life and personal journey?
Oddly, I never thought of it as a particularly personal story. To me, the arc of the narrative felt completely universal—doesn't everyone struggle with these same questions, doubts, and longings? So, no, it wasn't difficult to write this. Though I do feel it would have been impossible not to write it. I was so consumed by questions that I needed the ordering process of writing to help me sort through them. As Joan Didion once said, "I write so I can learn what I think."
How important does that year in your life seem to you now?
How important was the first breath you ever took the day you were born?
Unless otherwise stated, this interview was conducted at the time the book was first published, and is reproduced with permission of the publisher. This interview may not be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the copyright holder.
Be careful about reading health books. You may die of a misprint.


text:
NH Hotel Group to Launch 'Nuo Han' Brand Joint Venture in China
HNA Hospitality Group
31 Mar, 2016, 13:56 BST
BEIJING, March 31, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- HNA Hospitality Group, one of the largest hotel management companies in China, is announcing the launch of a joint venture with leading European hotel chain NH Hotel Group.
The move will see the creation of a joint office and Chinese brand name, "Nuo Han", which represents a promise to meet guest expectations and bring them a brilliant future.
NH Group also announced its ambitious development plans including two new NH-branded hotels that will enter the China market before the end of the year.
NH China (Beijing NH Grand China Hotel Management Co., Ltd), the joint venture between NH Hotel Group and HNA Hospitality, is located in Tower A, HNA Plaza in the central business district of Chaoyang, Beijing, China. The establishment of this company follows the strategic memorandum of understanding signed between NH and HNA as part of the bilateral trade summit between Spain and China.
The joint venture's corporate purpose is to build a portfolio of NH Hotels and NH Collection brand hotels in the midscale and upscale segments in China owned by HNA or by third parties with a target to develop 120 to 150 hotels by the year 2020. This business approach fits with NH Hotel Group's strategy of pursuing growth using capital-light formulas.
About HNA Hospitality Group
The HNA Hospitality Group was founded in 1997 as a subsidiary of HNA Group. Through the years, the hotel group has won several awards including being inducted into the Worldwide Hotel Corporation Top 300, acknowledged as the Most Competitive National Hotel Brand in China, and recognized as the Best Hotel Management Corporation in China.
About NH Hotel Group
NH Hotel Group (www.nh-hotels.com) occupies third place in the European business hotels rankings. The company operates around 400 hotels with nearly 60,000 rooms in 30 countries in Europe, America and Africa and in destinations such as Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Bogota, Brussels, Buenos Aires, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, London, Madrid, Mexico FD, Milan, Munich, New York, Rome and Vienna.
http://www.nh-hotels.com
SOURCE HNA Hospitality Group


text:
Q: Is the condition in a for loop evaluated each iteration? When you do stuff like:
for (int i = 0; i < collection.Count; ++i )

is collection.Count called on every iteration?
Would the result change if the Count property dynamically gets the count on call?

A: Yes count is checked at every call from the first iteration after the initialization of i to the last iteration where the check fails and the for loop is exited.  You can modify the collections count if you want but realize you could end up in an endless loop.

A: Like the other answers here: Yes, in principal.
There is (at least) one noticeable exception, array.Length. In
for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; i++) a[i] = ...;

The Length property will only be evaluated once. This is a optimization that is hardwired into the compiler. There might be others like that (in the future) but only if it is guaranteed not to make a difference in observable behavior.

A: Yes Count will be evaluated on every single pass.  The reason why is that it's possible for the collection to be modified during the execution of a loop.  Given the loop structure the variable i should represent a valid index into the collection during an iteration.  If the check was not done on every loop then this is not provably true.  Example case
for ( int i = 0; i < collection.Count; i++ ) {
  collection.Clear();
}

The one exception to this rule is looping over an array where the constraint is the Length.
for ( int i = 0; i < someArray.Length; i++ ) {
  // Code
}

The CLR JIT will special case this type of loop, in certain circumstances, since the length of an array can't change.  In those cases, bounds checking will only occur once.
Reference: http://blogs.msdn.com/brada/archive/2005/04/23/411321.aspx

A: Side note, this is NOT checked for every interation in VB.
Unlike C#, VB caches the result of the collection.Count.
EDIT:
The literal VB version of the C# for loop is:
Dim i = 0
Do While i < collection.Count
    'code goes here
    i+=1
Loop

A: Count would be evaluated on every pass.  If you continued to add to the collection and the iterator never caught up, you would have an endless loop.
class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<int> intCollection = new List<int>();
            for(int i=-1;i < intCollection.Count;i++)
            {
                intCollection.Add(i + 1);
            }
        }
    }

This eventually will get an out of memory exception.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
\section{Introduction}
In this work, we study the special solutions, the so called the
Yamabe solitons, to the Yamabe flow, which was introduced by
R.Hamilton at the same time as Ricci flow. We note that the Yamabe
flow has some similar properties as Ricci flow
(\cite{MC},\cite{Y94}, \cite{SS}\cite{H88},\cite{DM}). Since the
Yamabe solitons come naturally from the blow-up procedure along the
Yamabe flow \cite{AM}\cite{DM}\cite{chow}\cite{MC}, we are lead to
study the Yamabe solitons on complete non-compact Riemannian
manifolds. We shall study some properties of the scalar curvature of
the Yamabe solitons on complete non-compact Riemannian manifolds.
Recall that a Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ is called a Yamabe soliton
if there are a smooth vector filed $X$ and constant $\rho$ such that
\begin{equation}\label{soliton}
(R-\rho)g=\frac{1}{2}L_Xg \ \ \text{on}  \ \ M,
\end{equation}
where $R$ is the scalar curvature and $L_Xg$ is the Lie derivative
of the metric $g$; When $X=\nabla f$ for some smooth function $f$,
we call it the gradient Yamabe soliton.The function $f$ above
will be called the potential function and it is determined up to a
constant. In this case the equation \eqref{soliton} becomes
\begin{equation}\label{solitong}
(R-\rho)g=\nabla^2 f \ \ \text{on}  \ \ M,
\end{equation}
When the constant $\rho\geq 0$, we call the Yamabe
solitons he non-expanding Yamabe solitons.

 In this paper we shall prove the following results on
the sign of the scalar curvature $R$ of a Yamabe soliton depending
on some asymptotic behaviour of it.

\begin{Thm}\label{max}
Let $(M,g)$ be a complete and non-compact gradient Yamabe soliton with
$\rho\geq 0$. Assume that $\underline{\lim}_{x\to\infty} R(x)\geq
0$. Then the scalar curvature $R$ of $(M,g)$ is non-negative.
Furthermore, if $(M,g)$ is not scalar flat, then $R>0$ on $M$.
\end{Thm}

We shall use the argument from \cite{P02} to get another results
about non-expanding Yamabe solitons.

\begin{Thm}\label{vicente+1}
Let $(M,g)$ be a complete and non-compact gradient Yamabe soliton with
$\rho\geq 0$. Assume that there is some point $x_0$ such that for
some large uniform  constant $R_0>1$,
$$
\int_{\gamma} [R- 2 (n-1) Ric(\gamma',\gamma')]\leq   \rho\ d(x),
$$
for any minimizing geodesic curve $\gamma$ connecting $x_0$ to $x$
with $d(x,x_0)\geq R_0$. Then $R\geq 0$.
\end{Thm}
The proof of this theorem will be given in section \ref{sect3}.

We can show that in some cases the Yamabe solitons are Yamabe
metrics.

\begin{Thm}\label{vicente+2}
Let $(M,g)$ be a complete and non-compact gradient Yamabe soliton such that
$|R-\rho|\in L^1(M)$, $\int_M Ric(\nabla f, \nabla f) \le 0$ and the potential function $f$ has at most
quadratic growth on $M$; that is,
$$
|f(x)|\leq Cd(x,x_0)^2, \ \ |\nabla f|\leq C(1+d(x,x_0)^2), \ \
$$
near infinity, where $C$ is some uniform constant
and $d(x,x_0)$ is
the distance function from the point $x$ to a fixed point $x_0$.
Then $R=\rho$ on $(M,g)$.
\end{Thm}

We shall also study Liouville type theorem of harmonic functions
with finite Dirichlet integral. We now show the following result.

\begin{Thm}\label{vicente+3}

Let $(M,g)$ be a complete and non-compact Riemmnian manifold with
non-negative Ricci curvature. Assume that $u$ is a harmonic function
with finite weighted Dirichlet integral, i.e., for some ball
$B(x_0)$,
$$
\int_{M-B(x_0)} d(x,x_0)^{-2}|\nabla u|^2<\infty.
$$
Then $\nabla^2u=0$ on $M$.
\end{Thm}

Then, use the idea of the proof of the above result to study the Yamabe solitons and we obtain

\begin{Thm}\label{thm4}
Assume that the Yamabe soliton $(M,g,X)$ has non-positive Ricci
curvature. Suppose that
\begin{equation}\label{hipt5}
\int_{M-B(x_0)} d(x,x_0)^{-2}
|X|^2<\infty.\end{equation}
 Then
$$
\nabla X=0
$$
and $R=\rho$.
\end{Thm}

Let us remark that Theorem 5 applies to solitons in general, they do not need to be gradient nor non-expanding. When applied to non-expanding solitons, Theorem \ref{thm4} states that the only non-expanding solitons with non positive Ricci curvature and satisfying condition  \eqref{hipt5} are the Ricci-flat and steady ones.

\section{Proofs of theorems 1, 4 and 5}

 \begin{proof} of Theorem \ref{max}.

We shall denote $Ric=(R_{ij})$ the Ricci tensor in
the local coordinates $(x^j)$.

First we shall obtain a formula for the laplacian os the scalar curvature of a gradient Yamabe soliton.
Taking the k-derivative to (\ref{solitong}) we have
$$
\nabla_kf_{ij}=\nabla_kRg_{ij}.
$$
Using the Ricci formula \cite{A98} we get that
$$
\nabla_if_{jk}+R_{jikl}f_l=\nabla_kRg_{ij}.
$$
By contraction for $j,k$,
$$
\nabla_i\Delta f+R_{il}f_l=\nabla_iR.
$$
Then we have
$$
nR_i+R_{il}f_l=R_i.
$$
Then we have $$ -R_{il}f_l=(n-1)R_l,
$$
or write in another way
\begin{equation}\label{riccf}
-Ric(\nabla f,\cdot)=(n-1)\nabla R.
\end{equation}

Taking one more derivative we have
$$
(n-1)\Delta R=-R_{il,i}f_l-R_{il}f_{il}.
$$
Recall the contracted Bianchi identity that
$$
R_{il,i}=\frac{1}{2}R_l.
$$
Then we have
$$
(n-1)\Delta R=-\frac{1}{2}(\nabla R,\nabla f)-R(R-\rho).
$$

we have
\begin{equation}\label{scalar}
(n-1)\Delta R+\frac{1}{2}g(\nabla f,\nabla R)+R^2-\rho R=0.
\end{equation}

Using the maximum principle we can prove Theorem 1.
 Assume that $\inf_M R(x)<0$. Since $\underline{\lim}_{x\to\infty} R(x)\geq
0$, we know that there is some point $z\in M$ such that $R(z)=\inf_M
R(x)<0$. Then we have $$ \Delta R(z)\geq 0, \ \ \nabla R(z)=0.
$$
By this we have at $z$ that
$$
(n-1)\Delta R+\frac{1}{2}g(\nabla f,\nabla R)\geq 0
$$
and by (\ref{scalar}),
$$ R(z)^2-\rho R(z)\leq 0.
$$
This is absurd since $R(z)^2-\rho R(z)>0$ for $\rho\geq 0$. The
strong maximum principle implies that either $R(x)>0$ or $R(x)=0$ on
$M$.
\end{proof}

\begin{proof} of Theorem \ref{vicente+3}

Recall the Bochner formula \cite{A98} that
\begin{equation}\label{bochner}
\frac{1}{2}\Delta |\nabla u|^2=|\nabla^2u|^2+g(\nabla u, \nabla \Delta u)+Ric(\nabla u,\nabla u).
\end{equation}
Then using the harmonicity of $u$, we have
$$
|\nabla^2u|^2+Ric(\nabla u,\nabla u)=\frac{1}{2}\Delta |\nabla u|^2.
$$
Choose a cut-off function $\phi=\phi_r$ on the ball $B_{2r}(x_0)$,
where $r>0$ (and we let $B_r=B_r(x_0)$ for simplicity) such that
$$
\phi_r=1, \ \ in \ \ B_r; \ \ |\nabla\phi_r|^2\leq \frac{C}{r^2},
$$
and
$$
\Delta \phi_r\leq \frac{C}{r^2}.
$$
These imply that
$$
\Delta \phi_r^2\leq \frac{C}{r^2}\to 0
$$
as $r\to \infty$. Then we have
$$
\int [|\nabla^2u|^2+Ric(\nabla u,\nabla u)]\phi_r^2=\int \frac{1}{2}\Delta |\nabla u|^2\phi_r^2.
$$

Using the integration by part and our assumption, we have
$$
\int \frac{1}{2}\Delta |\nabla u|^2\phi_r^2=\int \frac{1}{2}|\nabla
u|^2\Delta\phi_r^2,
$$
which is, by our assumption,
$$
\leq \int_{B_{2r}-B_r} \frac{C}{2r^2}|\nabla u|^2\to 0.
$$
as $r\to \infty$. Hence we have
$$
\int_M [|\nabla^2u|^2+Ric(\nabla u,\nabla u)]=0,
$$
which implies that $\nabla^2u=0$ and $Ric(\nabla u, \nabla u)=0$ on $M$.
\end{proof}

We now use the idea above to study the Yamabe solitons and give the

\begin{proof} of Theorem \ref{thm4}.
 By taking the trace, from the
defining equation of Yamabe soliton, we have that a Yamabe soliton satisfies
\begin{equation}\label{trace}
div X=n(R-\rho), \ \ \text{on} \ \ M.
\end{equation}
Recall the following Bochner formula \cite{Ya}
$$
div (L_Xg)(X)=\frac{1}{2}\Delta |X|^2-|\nabla X|^2+Ric(X,X)+\nabla_X
div(X).
$$
Then we have
\begin{equation}\label{bochner2}
|\nabla X|^2=\frac{1}{2}\Delta |X|^2+Ric(X,X)+(n-2)\nabla_X R.
\end{equation}
Fixing a cut-off function $\phi$ as above, we then have that
$$
\int X_j\nabla_jR\phi^2=-\int divX (R-\rho)\phi^2+2\phi\nabla_X\phi
(R-\rho).
$$
Hence
$$
\int \nabla_XR\phi^2=-n\int (R-\rho)^2\phi^2-2\int \phi \nabla_X\phi
(R-\rho).
$$

 Integrating (\ref{bochner2}) we have
$$
\int |\nabla X|^2\phi^2=\frac{1}{2}\int (\Delta\phi^2) |X|^2+\int
Ric(X,X)\phi^2+(n-2)\int\nabla_XR\phi^2.
$$
Then we obtain
$$
\int |\nabla X|^2\phi^2+n(n-2)\int (R-\rho)^2\phi^2=\frac{1}{2}\int
(\Delta\phi^2) |X|^2$$ $$+\int Ric(X,X)\phi^2-2(n-2)\int \phi
\nabla_X\phi (R-\rho).
$$
Using the Young and Cauchy-Schwartz inequalities we can get that
$$
\int |\nabla X|^2\phi^2+ (n-1)  (n-2)\int (R-\rho)^2\phi^2
$$
$$\leq
\frac{1}{2}\int (\Delta\phi^2) |X|^2+\int Ric(X,X)\phi^2+C(n)\int
|X|^2|\nabla\phi|^2
$$
for some uniform constant $C(n)$.

Then we have proved theorem \ref{thm4}.
\end{proof}

\section{proofs of theorem \ref{vicente+2} and related results}\label{sect2}

The argument of Theorem \ref{vicente+2} follows from the following proposition (see also \cite{DS}).

\begin{Pro}\label{mali} Let $(M,g)$ be a Yamabe solition with  smooth boundary. Then we have
$$
n (n-1) \int_M (R-\rho)^2  - \int_M Ric(\nabla f, \nabla f)  = (n-1) \int_{\partial M} (R-\rho) \nabla_\nu f.
$$
where $\nu$ is the outward unit normal to the boundary $\partial M$.
\end{Pro}

\begin{proof}
We use the argument from \cite{MD} (see also \cite{DS}. Note that
$$\int_M |\Delta f|^2=\int \Delta f f_{jj}.
$$
Integrating by parts we get that
$$
\int \Delta f f_{jj}=\int_{\partial M} \Delta f\nabla_\nu f-\int \nabla \Delta f\cdot \nabla f.
$$
Then using the Bochner formla \eqref{bochner} we have
$$
\int \Delta f f_{jj}=\int_{\partial M} {\color{red}n}\
(R-\rho)\nabla_\nu f+\int_M \left(|\nabla^2f|^2+Ric(\nabla f,\nabla
f)-\frac{1}{2}\Delta|\nabla f|^2 \right).
$$
Note that
\begin{align*}\int_M \Delta|\nabla f|^2 &= \int_{\partial M} \nabla_\nu |\nabla f|^2
= \int_{\partial M}2 \langle \nabla_\nu \nabla f, \nabla f\rangle \\
&= 2  \int_{\partial M} \nabla^2  f \langle\nu, \nabla f \rangle = 2 \int_{\partial M}(R-\rho) \langle \nu, \nabla f\rangle.
\end{align*}
Then we have
$$
\int_M |\Delta f|^2= \int_M \left( |\nabla^2f|^2 + Ric(\nabla f, \nabla f) \right) + (n-1) \int_{\partial M} { \color{red}}\  (R-\rho)\nabla_\nu f.
$$
And, using \eqref{solitong} in the above formula, we obtain
\begin{align*}
(n^2-n) \int_M (R-\rho)^2  - \int_M Ric(\nabla f, \nabla f)  = (n-1) \int_{\partial M} (R-\rho) \nabla_\nu f.
\end{align*}
\end{proof}

We now \emph{prove Theorem }\ref{vicente+2}.

\begin{proof}
By proposition \ref{mali}, we know that for the dimension constant $C_n>0$,
$$
C_n\int_{B_r}|R-\rho|^2 - \int_M Ric(\nabla f, \nabla f) = (n-1) \int_{\partial B_r}(R-\rho)\nabla_\nu f\leq
Cr\int_{\partial B_r}|R-\rho|.
$$
We now choose $r=r_j\to\infty$ such that
$$
r\int_{\partial B_r}|R-\rho|\to 0.
$$
This is obtained by using the fact that $\int_M|R-\rho|<\infty$ and
Fubini's theorem. Then, when $\int_M Ric(\nabla f, \nabla f) \le 0$, we have
$$
\int_{M}|R-\rho|^2=0,
$$
and this implies that $R=\rho$ on $M$.
\end{proof}

We take this chance to give another proof of Kazdan-Warner
condition; namely,

\begin{Pro}\label{kazdan-warner} Assume that $X$ is a conformal vector field on the compact Riemannian
manifold $(M,g)$, i.e., there exists a smooth function $a(x)$ on $M$
such that
$$
L_Xg=a(x)g.
$$
Then  we have
$$
\int_M\nabla_XRdv_g=-\frac{2n}{n-2}\int_{\partial M}
(Ric-\frac{R}{n}g)(\nu,X)d\sigma_g,
$$
where $\nu$ is the outer unit normal to the boundary $\partial M$.
\end{Pro}
\emph{Proof}. Set
$$
\dot{Ric}=Ric-\frac{R}{n}g.
$$
Then by the contracted Bianchi identity we get
$$
\delta\dot{Ric}=-\frac{n-2}{2n}dR.
$$
We now compute
$$
\int_M\nabla_XRdv_g=-\frac{2n}{n-2}\int_M \delta\dot {Ric}(X)dv_g.
$$
Integrating by part we get that
$$
\int_M \delta\dot {Ric}(X)dv_g=-\int_M (\dot {Ric},\nabla X)dv_g
+\int_{\partial M} \dot {Ric}(\nu,X)d\sigma_g.
$$

We then have
$$
\int_M \delta\dot {Ric}(X)dv_g=\int_{\partial M} \dot
{Ric}(\nu,X)d\sigma_g-\frac{1}{2}\int_M (\dot {Ric},L_Xg)dv_g.
$$
Recall that
$$
\frac{1}{2}L_Xg=\frac{1}{2} a(x)g.
$$
Since $(\dot {Ric},g)=0$, we obtain that
$$
\int_M \delta\dot {Ric}(X)dv_g=\int_{\partial M} \dot
{Ric}(\nu,X)d\sigma_g.
$$
This completes the proof of proposition \ref{kazdan-warner}.

\section{Proof of Theorem \ref{vicente+1}} \label{sect3}

The proof of Theorem \ref{vicente+1} will follow the argument of
pseudo-locality theorem due to Perelman \cite{P02}. The idea of
proof of Theorem \ref{vicente+1} is similar to Perelman's Li-Yau
harnack differential inequality. To make it, we recall some
well-known facts.

Define $d(x)=d(x,x_0)$. Let $\gamma(s)$( $\gamma:[0,\d(x)]\to M$) be
a shortest geodesic curve from $x_0$ to $x$. Without loss of
generality, we may assume that the distance function $d(x)$ is
smooth at $x$. Choose an orthonormal basis $(e_1, e_2,...,e_n)$ at
$x_0$ with $e_1=\gamma'(0)$. Extend the basis into a parallel basis
$(e_1(\gamma(s)), e_2(\gamma(s)),...,e_n(\gamma(s)))$ along the
curve $\gamma(s)$. Let $X_j(s)$ be the Jacobian vector field along
$\gamma(s)$ with $X_j(0)=0$ and $X_j(d(x))=e_j(d(x))$. Then we have
$$
\Delta d(x) =  \sum_j \int_0^{d(x)}(|X_j'(s)|^2 - R(\gamma',X_j,\gamma',X_j))ds.
$$
Fix some $r_0>0$ such that $|Ric|\leq (n-1)K$ on $B_{r_0}(x_0)$. Define
$$
Y_j(s)=a_j(s)e_j(s)
$$
for $j\geq 2$, where $a_j(s)$ is $\frac{s}{r_0}$ on $[0,r_0]$ and $a_j(s)=1$ on $[r_0,d(x)]$.

Using the minimizing property of the Jacobi field we have
$$
 \sum_j \int_0^{d(x)}(|X_j'(s)|^2-R(\gamma',X_j,\gamma',X_j))ds
 $$
 $$\leq \sum_j \int_0^{d(x)}(|Y_j'(s)|^2-R(\gamma',Y_j,\gamma',Y_j))ds.
$$
By direct computation \cite{P02} we have
\begin{align*}
 \sum_j &  \int_0^{d(x)}(|Y_j'(s)|^2-R(\gamma',Y_j,\gamma',Y_j))ds
\\
& = -\int_0^{d(x)}Ric(\gamma',\gamma')+\int_0^{r_0}(\frac{n-1}{r_0^2}+(1-\frac{s^2}{r_0^2})Ric(\gamma',\gamma'))ds
\end{align*}
and the latter is less than
$$
-\int_\gamma Ric(\gamma',\gamma')+(n-1)  \left(\frac{2}{3}Kr_0+ \frac1{r_0}\right).
$$
It is easy to see that
$$
g(\nabla f,\nabla d)=\nabla_{\gamma'} f(x)\leq \int_\gamma \nabla^2f(\gamma',\gamma')+|\nabla f(x_0)|.
$$
Using $$ \nabla^2f(\gamma',\gamma')=R-\rho
$$
we then have
$$
g(\nabla f,\nabla d)\leq -\rho d(x)+\int_\gamma R+|\nabla f(x_0)|.
$$
Hence, we have, for some uniform constant $C>0$,
\begin{equation}\label{star}
2 (n-1)\Delta d(x)+g(\nabla f,\nabla d)\leq-\rho d(x)+
\int_\gamma[-{\color{red} 2} \ (n-1)Ric(\gamma',\gamma')+R]+C/r_0^2.
\end{equation}
We may choose $r_0$ such that the latter is less than
$\frac{4(n-1)}{r_0^2}$.

For any fixed $A>2$ we shall consider the new function
$$
u(x)=\phi(\frac{d(x)}{Ar_0})R(x),
$$
where $\phi$ is   the cut-off function on the real line $\mathbb{R}$ defined after formula \eqref{bochner}, with $r=A r_0$. We
denote by $D=\frac{\phi^{''}}{\phi}$ and $h=\frac{\phi'}{\phi}$.

We compute
$$
\Delta u(x)=R\Delta \phi+2g(\nabla R,\nabla\phi)+\phi\Delta R.
$$

Note that $u=0$ outside the ball  of radius $2 A r_0$.

It is clear that if  $\inf_{M}u = 0$ for every $A$, then we have $R\geq 0$ on $M$.

If $\inf_{M}u< 0$ for some   $A=A_0$, then $\inf_{M}u< 0$ for every
$A>A_0$, and there is some point  $x_1\in B_{2 A r_0}(x_0)$  such
that
$$
u(x_1)=\inf_{M}u<0.
$$
Then we have $R(x_1)<0$. By this we have
$$
\phi'(x_1)R(x_1)>0,
$$
 which implies $x_1\notin  B_{A r_0}(x_0)$.  Moreover, at the minimum $x_1$,
\begin{equation}\label{comin}
\nabla u=0, \ \ \Delta u\geq 0
\end{equation}

The following
differential inequality by now is more or less  a standard computation
(see \cite{P02}),  but we shall give the details for the convenience of the reader. Using these two
properties \eqref{comin} and the equations (\ref{scalar}) and (\ref{star}) we can
get that
\begin{eqnarray*}
 \Delta u(x_1)&=&\left(\frac{D}{(Ar_0)^2}+\frac{h}{Ar_0}\Delta d\right)u(x_1)  + \frac1{2 (n-1)}   \frac{h}{Ar_0}(\nabla f,\nabla d)u(x_1)  \\
 &+&  \frac1{n-1} \rho\  u(x_1)-\phi R^2-2h^2\frac{1}{(Ar_0)^2}u(x_1)\\
&\leq& \left( \frac{D}{(Ar_0)^2}-\frac{ 2  h^2}{(Ar_0)^2}\right)u(x_1) - \frac1{n-1}   \phi R^2\\
&+& \frac{h}{Ar_0}[\Delta d  + \frac1{2 (n-1)}  \langle \nabla f,\nabla d\rangle]u(x_1)\\
&\leq & \left(
\frac{D}{(Ar_0)^2}-\frac{ 2 h^2}{(Ar_0)^2}\right)u(x_1)- \frac{1}{(n-1)\phi}  u(x_1)^2+\frac{2 \ h}{(Ar_0)^2}  u(x_1).
\end{eqnarray*}

Then $$ \Delta u(x_1)\leq
\frac{|u(x_1)|}{\phi} \left\{\frac{1}{A^2 r_0^2} \left[\frac{ 2 \phi'^2}{\phi}+ 2 |\phi'| + |\phi^{''}| \right]- \frac1{n-1} |u(x_1)| \right\}.
$$
 For some uniform constant $C>0$, we have
$$
 2 |\phi'|\leq C,\ \  \frac{2 \phi'^2}{\phi}\leq C, \ \ |\phi^{''}|\leq
C,
$$
Then we can show that
$$
|u(x_1)|\leq   \frac{(n-1)\ C}{A^2 r_0^2}.
$$
The latter implies that
$$
R(x)\geq  -  \frac{(n-1)\ C}{A^2 r_0^2} \  \ \ on \ \  B_{{2}Ar_0}(x_0) .
$$

Sending $A\to \infty$, we get that $R\geq 0$ on $M$.

This completes the proof of Theorem \ref{vicente+1}.

\emph{Acknowledgement.} Part of this work was done when the first
named author was visiting Valencia University and he would like to
thank the hospitality of its Department of Geometry and Topology.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Home	MoviesCatching Fire	SciFiNow Exclusive Interview with Jennifer Lawrence for 'Catching Fire'
SciFiNow Exclusive Interview with Jennifer Lawrence for 'Catching Fire'
by Grace October 20, 2013
Jennifer Lawrence has recently sat down with an exclusive interview with SciFiNow magazine for her upcoming sequel of 'The Hunger Games' which also includes interviews from other casts and director as well. Below are some of the excerpt from the interview with Jennifer.
When she read the script for the first time.
"When I first signed on to it, I expected to have a lot of regrets," admits the 23-year-old on her decision to break out of independent movies for a big studio spectacular. "But fortunately I haven't. I am happy I did take the role. [If I hadn't] I would still probably be able to go to restaurants without becoming a nervous wreck or go to Starbucks and get my own coffee – that would be different. That would be lovely."
"Originally it was just reading scripts, talking to directors and making movies," she recalls, "and then all of a sudden it was like, 'Oh yeah, you have to wear high heels and make people like you.' So when I read the book, I was laughing at that, going 'Yeah, I know how that feels.'"
"The wedding dress was incredible because it's stunning, but I'm not good with big dresses – and stairs. I'm so bad"..
On playing Katniss in Catching Fire.
"She's suffering from post-traumatic stress from the first Games, and she's trying to get her life back. She is living in the Victors' Village now, she doesn't have to hunt any more – which makes her feel useless and bored – and there is part of her life that Gale will never understand. Peeta is the only one that truly knows what she went through. And when she has to go back to the Capitol, it's not a foreign world to her anymore. Not that she likes it, but she understands it now and how to work it."
Being A Role Model
"In the first movie, when it was obviously being talked about, like, 'It's The Hunger Games, you have to lose ten pounds.' I said 'We have control over this role model. Why would we make her something unobtainable and thin?' This is a person that young girls will be looking up to, so why not make her strong? Why not make her beautiful and healthy and fit? I was very adamant about that, because I think that our industry doesn't take enough responsibility for what it does to our society. I remember what it felt like to be 14 years old, looking at a Victoria's Secret model and thinking, 'I'll never look like that.' I don't want to make someone feel like that."
Thanks to Quarter Quell for the transcript!
New 'Catching Fire' TV Spots Updates
Harper Bazaar UK Magazine HQ Photoshoots
Jennifer Lawrence to Star in Adam McKay's Netflix...
Jennifer Lawrence's Favorite Kardashian Is Surprisingly Random
Rihanna and Jennifer Lawrence May Be Involved In...
Jennifer Lawrence Wore a Dior Gown to Marry...
Adele reportedly planning a 'wild' bachelorette party for...
Jennifer Lawrence Got into a Physical Altercation Outside...
Jennifer Lawrence Apologizes for Calling Lala Kent a...
Jennifer Lawrence Once Admitted Her Crush on Timothée Chalamet: 'He's So, So Talented and Hot'
Jennifer Lawrence to Star in Adam McKay's Netflix Comedy 'Don't Look Up'
Rihanna and Jennifer Lawrence May Be Involved In New Marvel Project
Jennifer Lawrence Wore a Dior Gown to Marry Cooke Maroney


Kyle Engelson reconstructs the recent updates to the MTGO cube. If you're looking for online or even offline cube construction and strategy, look no further.
Most Magic players don't have Power Nine laying around to create an intense cube experience. Thankfully, you can have just as much fun — if not more — with an unpowered cube if it's designed with a little creativity.
Bradley brings you an excellent primer on building your first Cube.


text:
class Tag < ActiveRecord::Base
	has_many :taggings
	has_many :tagged_games, through: :taggings, source: :game

	validates :name, presence: true
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Kamnická Bistrica () je alpská řeka v severním Slovinsku, levostranný přítok Sávy. Pramení v Kamnicko-Savinjských Alpách (část Jižních vápencových Alp) v blízkosti hranic s Rakouskem. Je dlouhá 33 kilometrů. Kamnická Bistrica protéká městem Kamnik, kde je napájena řekou Nevljica. Vlévá se do Sávy jižně od vesnice Videm, asi 10  km východně od Lublaně.

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Hydrologické údaje o Kamnické Bistrici

Řeky ve Slovinsku
Povodí Sávy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I'm playing this on the xbox 360 And when I try to manually save a game, it says it does, but when I go back, it's not there. The only thing saved are the checkpoints. Aren't you allowed to save anywhere you want? Please let me know so I don't sit here like an idiot any longer than I need to LOL!
lol ok umm no i dont think so:confused: lol i think its only check points but does it give u an option to save?
In the menu. It says load, save, etc. You click on save and it asks do you want to save? You click yes, and it says saved successful, or something like that. Sometimes it will keep my manual saves, but for the most part, it doesn't.


text:
US commandos ordered to remove 'inappropriate' YPG patches
Washington (AFP) - US special operations forces photographed in Syria wearing the insignia of Kurdish troops considered terrorists by Turkey have been ordered to remove the patches, a military spokesman said Friday.
US special operations forces, photographed in Syria on May 25, 2016, wearing the insignia of Kurdish troops have been ordered to remove the patches
© AFP Delil Souleiman
Ankara accused the United States, a NATO ally, of "unacceptable" behavior for such an overt display of support for the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG).
"Wearing those YPG patches was unauthorized and inappropriate, and corrective action has been taken," Baghdad-based military spokesman Colonel Steve Warren told Pentagon reporters.
"We have communicated as much to our military partners and military allies in the region."
The United States has more than 200 special operations troops in northern Syria, where they are advising the so-called Syrian Democratic Forces, the bulk of which is made of YPG fighters.
The commandos are supporting the local forces as they push toward Raqa, the Islamic State group's Syrian stronghold.
While it is not unusual for US special operations forces to wear the insignia of partner forces, Warren said in this case it was inappropriate to do so given the "political sensitivities" around the issue.
Ankara regards the YPG as a terror group, accusing it of carrying out attacks inside Turkey and being the Syrian branch of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) which has fought an insurgency against the Turkish state for over three decades.
SEE ALSO: The 8 most elite special forces in the world
NOW WATCH: These are the favorite weapons of the Army Special Operations Forces
More: AFP ypg PKK Special Forces


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YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS WON THE LOTERIA.
We are pleased to inform you of the result on Friday 6th July, 2007 of the Loteria Nacional promotions program.
Drew lucky numbers 4-21-23-26-43-44 which consequently won in the 2nd category, You have therefore been approved for a lump sum payout of One Million euro Only (€1,000,000.00).
Due to mix up of some numbers and names, we ask that you keep your winning information confidential until your claims has been processed and your money remitted to your account.
All participants were selected through a computer ballot system drawn from over 50,000.00 companies and 20,000,000.00 individuals email addresses and names from all over the world.
We hope with part of your winning, you will take part in our next year Thirty Million Euros lnternational lottery.
To file for your claim, Please contact Loteria claims Department Madrid.
For due processing and remittance of your prize money to designated account of your choice.
Remember to quote your winning numbers and your direct telephone and fax numbers when responding to these email.
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text:
Quantity in Basket: None GILBERT & SULLIVAN Ruddigore TROY1164-65 - Price: $33.98
Gilbert & Sullivan's hilarious 1887 Gothic comic opera Ñ complete with dialogue.
Gilbert & Sullivan's hilarious 1887 Gothic comic opera, complete with dialogue and music, was recorded at the 2009 Festival of the Ohio Light Opera. Originally titled Ruddygore, the name, which meant bloody gore, gave offense at the premiere and the more acceptable Ruddigore was substituted. Cat-calls sayings "Give us back the Mikado" during the bows prompted a substantial reworking of the action. Despite the initial reception, the show ran for almost 300 performances. The score, full of ingratiating melodies, also boasts some novel touches as well as the usual comic patter songs and tuneful ballads. The extraordinary music for the ghosts in Act II represents Sullivan at his most inspired.
Gilbert & Sullivan, composer
Ruddigore
Ohio Light Opera, Michael Borowitz, conductor
"...any Ruddigore-lover's fondest wish has come true. .." (Brattleboro Reformer)
"All the performances are first class... Conductor Michael Borowitz exhibits absolute command over the wit and verve.." (Opera News)
iTunes Amazon Gilbert & Sullivan The Pirates of Penzance
iTunes Amazon GILBERT & SULLIVAN H.M.S. PINAFORE


This entry was posted in Articles and tagged are the knicks leaving new york, are the knicks moving, are the rangers leaving new york, are the rangers moving, City Council Madison Square Garden, KNICKS, knicks leaving, knicks msg news, Knicks news, madison square garden, madison square garden moving, madison square garden renovations, MSG, msg moving, msg renovations on July 24, 2013 by Tommy Rothman.
Insane Mamacita – this is why I take my own pictures. I've sttread using my camera way more since becoming aware of how much a picture adds to a blog post. Be creative. :)Mama vs. the boys – I agree that a unique voice for a blog is a necessity in all the voices out there today. :)Sheri – excellent tips. I use giveaways sparingly on my blog. I think the content is more important than the contest, but I do think that contests can sometimes be a great way to put your content in front of a new audience.
It all makes sense now. Why would the Dolan's put in for the land property rights to the Coliseum (Nassau)? They knew all along and wanted to make sure they were finalists for it.


text:
Home Depot Fun Facts, History, Trivia: U.S. Home Improvement Retailing
Retail Industry Largest U.S. Retailers
••• Scott Olson / Getty Images
As one of the Top Ten Largest Retail Chains in the World, the Home Depot retail chain is one of the original category killing big-box chains in the U.S. Because of its size alone, Home Depot is well-known in the countries where it operates - the U.S., Mexico, Canada, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. But as much as retail industry leaders, stockholders, analysts, consumers, employees, and students already know about Home Depot, there is even more little-known history, trivia and fun facts about Home Depot to learn.
Depot Product Mix Tricks
When the first Home Depot store opened, it was the largest home improvement specialty store, with about 25,000 different home improvement products available in each store. Today, an average Home Depot store will have up to 40,000 different products, and Home Depot customers can special order 250,000 additional products not stocked in the brick-and-mortar Home Depot stores.
Empty product boxes were strategically placed on high shelves in the earliest Home Depot stores in order to create a warehouse look and give customers the impression that stores were stocked to the rafters with home improvement merchandise.
Proprietary Home Depot Brands
A significant part of Home Depot's success can be attributed to its sales of proprietary-branded merchandise including Ryobi® tools, RIDGID® tools, LG® appliances, Toro® lawn equipment, and Cub Cadet® lawn equipment. Home Depot's proprietary paint brand, BEHR® is reportedly the #1 consumer brand of paint, claiming to have more than 25% of the consumer paint market share in the U.S.
Home Depot's Competition Busting Strategy
The Home Depot Low Price Guarantee is an ongoing offer to beat any advertised price from a competitor on any product, as long as the product is also in stock at a Home Depot store.
The average size of a Home Depot retail store is 105,000 square feet.
The largest Home Depot store is 225,000 square feet and is located in Union, NJ.
Home Depot is not only the largest home improvement retail store chain in the U.S., but it is also the largest home improvement retailer in Canada and Mexico.
Home Depot's Customer Care
The Home Depot founders created a Customer Bill of Rights which entitled them to "right assortment, quantities, and price, along with trained associates on the sales floor who want to take care of customers."
Home Depot conducts free Kids Workshop clinics at its stores. More than one million children have built their first toolbox at these workshops.
The Home Depot Garden Club is the largest garden club in the world.
Gold Medal Employees
Since 1992, Home Depot has employed 570 Olympic hopefuls in its Olympic Job Opportunity Program. The program provided athletes with benefits and flexibility for training and competition. The program was discontinued in 2009.
Giving Away the Store
The Home Depot Foundation has donated more than $200 million to non-profit organizations, and the Framing Hope Program has donated more than $100 million worth of products to charitable causes.
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Restore teeth to their natural color.
Safe for the enamel, teeth and gums.
All data for this product review has been collected from independent tests of Smile Bright. Individual results may vary and specific results are not guaranteed. All information herein is, to the best of our knowledge, accurate at the time of publication.
Hydrogen Peroxide - Oxidizes stains to whiten and brighten teeth.
Mini LED Light - Speeds up the oxidization process to get teeth whiter faster.
The manufacturer does not provide a complete ingredient listing.
Do not swallow the whitening gel. The Smile Bright Teeth Whitening kit contains hydrogen peroxide, which has been known to cause tooth and gum sensitivity.
Brush teeth thoroughly prior to use. Place mouthpiece in mouth and inject gel into mouthpiece. w Place mini LED Light in mouth. Hold light and mouthpiece in mouth and let sit for 20 minutes. Remove, rinse mouth, and repeat process. Be sure to follow the steps for safe teeth whitening.
Smile Bright is a company that specializes in teeth whitening. They produce in-dentist's office treatments as well as kits that can be ordered online. Smile Bright's home teeth whitening gel is peroxide-based, which makes it safe to use on teeth, enamel and gums. The gel also helps restore veneers and whiten fillings and implants to their original color. It does not replenish the minerals and vitamins that restore tooth enamel; it only removes surface stains. The kit contains a mouthpiece, a mini LED light and enough whitening gel for eight treatments. Smile Bright sells refills of the whitening gel on their website.
The Smile Bright Teeth Whiting system utilizes an intense hydrogen peroxide gel to whiten teeth. Unlike some other products, the gel is injected into a mouthpiece and mixes with the wearer's saliva, thus ensuring that both the front and back of the teeth are exposed to the gel. The mouthpiece, however, does not appear to be customizable and there are numerous reports of it either falling off or leaking gel into the rest of the mouth. It is also not mentioned whether it is possible to do the top and bottom teeth separately, as you'd be able to with trays. Once the gel has been injected into the mouthpiece, the user places the mini LED light in their mouth and leaves it in for two twenty minute sessions.
Smile Bright does not clean teeth or strengthen enamel; it only removes surface stains. Exposure to coffee, red wine, some medicines, and smoking can all cause stains to reappear and may require a twenty minute follow-up treatment. Some people have reported severe gum sensitivity or a tingly sensation in the mouth. If you have sensitive gums or teeth, you may want to use less gel and a longer exposure time until you are used to the strength of the whitening gel. It is also stated that stains may appear to be more prominent after the first few uses, although that they will fade in time. The product only restores teeth to their natural shade; it does not bleach or brighten teeth. There is no recommended number of treatments. The website claims that the product has been clinically proven, but does not provide any information about the clinical testing.
Not sure if Smile Bright's is right for you? Wondering how Smile Bright compares to other teeth whitening products? Find out on our famous product comparison chart!