text:
La teoría metabólica de la ecología (MTE) es una extensión de la ley de Kleiber y sostiene que la tasa metabólica de los organismos es la tasa biológica fundamental que rige la mayoría de los patrones observados en la ecología. MTE es parte de un conjunto más amplio de teoría conocida como teoría de escala metabólica que intenta proporcionar una teoría unificada sobre la importancia del metabolismo en el patrón y proceso de conducción en biología desde el nivel de las células hasta la biosfera.

El MTE se basa en una interpretación de las relaciones entre el tamaño corporal, la temperatura corporal y la tasa metabólica en todos los organismos. Los organismos de cuerpo pequeño tienden a tener tasas metabólicas específicas de masa más altas que los organismos de cuerpo grande. Además, los organismos que operan a temperaturas cálidas a través de la endotermia o que viven en ambientes cálidos tienden a tasas metabólicas más altas que los organismos que operan a temperaturas más frías. Este patrón es consistente desde el nivel unicelular hasta el nivel de los animales y plantas más grandes del planeta.

En MTE, se considera que esta relación es la única restricción que define los procesos biológicos en todos los niveles de la organización (desde el individuo hasta el nivel del ecosistema), y es una teoría macroecológica que apunta a ser de alcance y aplicación universal.

Antecedentes teóricos
La tasa metabólica varía con la masa de un organismo de una especie dada según la ley de Kleiber, donde B es la tasa metabólica del organismo completo (en vatios u otra unidad de potencia), M es la masa del organismo (en kg) y B o es una masa Constante de normalización independiente (dada en una unidad de potencia dividida por una unidad de masa). En este caso, vatios por kilogramo):

A temperaturas elevadas, las reacciones químicas proceden más rápido. Esta relación se describe mediante el factor de Boltzmann, donde E es la energía de activación en voltios electrónicos o julios, T es la temperatura absoluta en kelvins y k es la constante de Boltzmann en eV/K o J/K:

Mientras que Bo en la ecuación anterior es independiente de la masa, no es explícitamente independiente de la temperatura. Para explicar la relación entre la masa corporal y la temperatura, basándose en un trabajo anterior que muestra que los efectos de la masa corporal y la temperatura podrían combinarse multiplicativamente en una sola ecuación, las dos ecuaciones anteriores se pueden combinar para producir la ecuación primaria de MTE, donde bo es una constante de normalización que es independiente del tamaño del cuerpo o la temperatura:

Según esta relación, la tasa metabólica es una función de la masa corporal y la temperatura corporal de un organismo. Según esta ecuación, los organismos grandes tienen tasas metabólicas más altas (en vatios) que los organismos pequeños, y los organismos a altas temperaturas corporales tienen tasas metabólicas más altas que los que existen a bajas temperaturas corporales. Sin embargo, la tasa metabólica específica (SMR, en vatios / kg) viene dada por

Por lo tanto, los SMR para organismos grandes son más bajos que los organismos pequeños.

Controversia sobre los mecanismos y la constante alométrica
Los investigadores no están de acuerdo sobre los dos aspectos principales de esta teoría, el patrón y el mecanismo. El patrón principal en cuestión es si la tasa metabólica se eleva a la potencia de ¾ o ⅔ w, o si cualquiera de estos puede incluso considerarse una constante universal. La opinión mayoritaria actualmente es que ¾ es el exponente correcto, pero una gran minoría cree que ⅔ es el valor más preciso. Además de no estar de acuerdo con el patrón, los investigadores también están en desacuerdo sobre el mecanismo. Varios autores han propuesto al menos ocho tipos diferentes de mecanismos que predicen un exponente de escala alométrica de ⅔ o ¾. Algunos de estos modelos hacen una gran cantidad de predicciones comprobables, mientras que otros son menos completos.

Gran parte del debate actual se centra en dos tipos particulares de mecanismos. Uno de ellos supone que el transporte de energía o recursos a través del área de la superficie externa de los organismos tridimensionales es el factor clave que impulsa la relación entre la tasa metabólica y el tamaño corporal. El área superficial en cuestión puede ser piel, pulmones, intestinos o, en el caso de organismos unicelulares, membranas celulares. En general, el área de superficie (SA) de un objeto tridimensional se escala con su volumen (V) como SA = cV ⅔, donde c es una constante de proporcionalidad. El Balance energético dinámico modelo es actualmente la versión más prometedora de estos, y se predicen exponentes que varían entre ⅔ - 1, dependiendo de la etapa de desarrollo del organismo, plan básico del cuerpo y la densidad de recursos organismos más pequeños tienden a tener una mayor las relaciones de área superficial a volumen, lo que hace que ganen recursos a una tasa proporcionalmente más alta que los organismos grandes. Como consecuencia, los organismos pequeños pueden tener tasas metabólicas específicas de volumen más altas.(?)

En contraste, los argumentos para un factor de escala ¾ se basan en modelos de redes de transporte de recursos, donde los recursos limitantes se distribuyen a través de alguna red optimizada a todas las células u orgánulos que consumen recursos. Estos modelos se basan en la suposición de que el metabolismo es proporcional a la velocidad a la que las redes de distribución de un organismo (como los sistemas circulatorios en animales o el xilema y el floema en las plantas) suministran nutrientes y energía a los tejidos corporales. Los organismos más grandes son necesariamente menos eficientes porque se transportan más recursos en un momento dado que en organismos más pequeños: el tamaño del organismo y la longitud de la red impone una ineficiencia debido al tamaño. Por lo tanto, a los organismos grandes les toma algo más tiempo distribuir nutrientes por todo el cuerpo y, por lo tanto, tienen una tasa metabólica específica de masa más lenta. Un organismo que es el doble de tamaño no puede metabolizar el doble de energía; simplemente tiene que correr más lentamente porque se desperdicia más energía y recursos en el transporte, en lugar de ser procesado. No obstante, la selección natural parece haber minimizado esta ineficiencia al favorecer las redes de transporte de recursos que maximizan la tasa de entrega de recursos a los puntos finales, como células y orgánulos. Esta selección para maximizar la tasa metabólica y la disipación de energía en el exponente alométrico que tiende a D/(D+1), donde D es la dimensión principal del sistema. Un sistema tridimensional, como un individuo, tiende a escalar a la potencia 3/4, mientras que una red bidimensional, como una red fluvial en un paisaje, tiende a escalar a la potencia 2/3.

A pesar de la controversia sobre el valor del exponente, las implicaciones de esta teoría podrían seguir siendo verdad sin importar su valor numérico preciso.

Implicaciones de la teoría
La principal implicación de la teoría metabólica de la ecología es que la tasa metabólica, y la influencia del tamaño corporal y la temperatura en la tasa metabólica, proporcionan las limitaciones fundamentales por las que se rigen los procesos ecológicos. Si esto es cierto desde el nivel del individuo hasta los procesos a nivel del ecosistema, entonces los atributos de la historia de vida, la dinámica de la población y los procesos del ecosistema podrían explicarse por la relación entre la tasa metabólica, el tamaño corporal y la temperatura corporal. Si bien diferentes mecanismos subyacentes hacen predicciones algo diferentes, lo siguiente proporciona un ejemplo de algunas de las implicaciones del metabolismo de los individuos.

Nivel de organismo
Los animales pequeños tienden a crecer rápido, se reproducen temprano y mueren jóvenes. Según MTE, estos patrones en los rasgos de la historia de vida están limitados por el metabolismo. La tasa metabólica de un organismo determina su tasa de consumo de alimentos, que a su vez determina su tasa de crecimiento. Este aumento en la tasa de crecimiento produce compensaciones que aceleran la senescencia. Por ejemplo, los procesos metabólicos producen radicales libres como un subproducto de la producción de energía. Estos a su vez causan daños a nivel celular, lo que promueve la senescencia y, en última instancia, la muerte. La selección favorece a los organismos que se propagan mejor dadas estas restricciones. Como resultado, los organismos más pequeños y de vida más corta tienden a reproducirse antes en sus historias de vida.

Población y nivel comunitario
El MTE tiene profundas implicaciones para la interpretación del crecimiento poblacional y la diversidad de la comunidad. Clásicamente, se considera que las especies están seleccionadas por r (donde las poblaciones tienden a crecer exponencialmente y, en última instancia, están limitadas por factores extrínsecos) o por K (donde el tamaño de la población está limitado por la dependencia de la densidad y la capacidad de carga). MTE explica esta diversidad de estrategias reproductivas como consecuencia de las restricciones metabólicas de los organismos. Pequeños organismos y organismos que existen a temperaturas altas del cuerpo tienden a ser r seleccionado, que encaja con la predicción de que la selección r es una consecuencia de la tasa metabólica. Por el contrario, los animales de cuerpo más grande y fresco tienden a ser K seleccionados. La relación entre el tamaño corporal y la tasa de crecimiento de la población se ha demostrado empíricamente, y, de hecho, se ha demostrado que aumenta a M-1/4 en todos los grupos taxonómicos. Por lo tanto, se piensa que la tasa de crecimiento de la población óptima para una especie está determinada por las restricciones alométricas delineadas por el MTE, en lugar de estrictamente como un rasgo de historia de vida que se selecciona según las condiciones ambientales.

Los patrones observados de diversidad pueden explicarse de manera similar por MTE. Durante mucho tiempo se ha observado que hay más especies pequeñas que especies grandes. Además, hay más especies en los trópicos que en latitudes más altas. Clásicamente, el gradiente latitudinal en la diversidad de especies se ha explicado por factores como una mayor productividad o una estacionalidad reducida. En contraste, MTE explica este patrón como impulsado por las restricciones cinéticas impuestas por la temperatura en el metabolismo. La tasa de evolución molecular varía con la tasa metabólica, modo que los organismos con tasas metabólicas más altas muestran una mayor tasa de cambio a nivel molecular. Si una mayor tasa de evolución molecular provoca mayores tasas de especiación, entonces la adaptación y, en última instancia, la especiación puede ocurrir más rápidamente en ambientes cálidos y en especies de cuerpo pequeño, lo que finalmente explica los patrones observados de diversidad a través del tamaño corporal y la latitud.

La capacidad de MTE para explicar los patrones de diversidad sigue siendo controvertida. Por ejemplo, los investigadores analizaron los patrones de diversidad de las serpientes de coral del Nuevo Mundo para ver si la distribución geográfica de las especies se ajusta a las predicciones de MTE (es decir, más especies en áreas más cálidas). Encontraron que el patrón de diversidad observado no podía explicarse solo por la temperatura, y que otros factores espaciales, como la productividad primaria, la heterogeneidad topográfica y los factores del hábitat, predecían mejor el patrón observado. Las extensiones de la teoría metabólica a la diversidad que incluyen la teoría de la evolución ecológica muestran que una teoría metabólica elaborada puede explicar las diferencias en los gradientes de diversidad al incluir retroalimentaciones entre las interacciones ecológicas (competencia y depredación dependientes del tamaño) y las tasas evolutivas (especiación y extinción)

Procesos del ecosistema
A nivel de ecosistema, el MTE explica la relación entre la temperatura y la producción de biomasa total. La relación promedio de producción a biomasa de organismos es mayor en organismos pequeños que en organismos grandes. Esta relación está más regulada por la temperatura y la tasa de producción aumenta con la temperatura. A medida que la producción aumenta constantemente con la masa corporal, el MTE proporciona un marco para evaluar la importancia relativa del tamaño del organismo, la temperatura, los rasgos funcionales, el suelo y el clima sobre la variación en las tasas de producción dentro y entre los ecosistemas. La teoría metabólica muestra que la variación en la producción del ecosistema se caracteriza por una relación de escalamiento común, lo que sugiere que los modelos de cambio global pueden incorporar los mecanismos que gobiernan esta relación para mejorar las predicciones de la función futura del ecosistema.

Véase también

 Alometria
 Teoría de la construcción
 Teoría del balance energético dinámico
 Ecología
 Fisiología evolutiva
 Relación ocupación-abundancia

Referencias

Ecologismo
Wikipedia:Páginas con traducciones sin revisar


text:
Employment / Position - Egypt
UN WOMEN is looking for a Communications Specialist in Cairo, EGYPT
10.03.2020 / Created by (EMWF)
UN WOMEN is looking for a Communications Specialist in Cairo, EGYPT. Find the details below:
Job: Communication Specialist
Location : Cairo, EGYPT
Application Deadline : 18-Mar-2020 (Midnight New York, USA)
Additional Category : Gender Equality
Type of Contract :TA International
Post Level :P-3
Languages Required : English
Duration of Initial Contract : One Year
UN Women, grounded in the vision of equality enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, works for the elimination of discrimination against women and girls; the empowerment of women; and the achievement of equality between women and men as partners and beneficiaries of development, human rights, humanitarian action and peace and security.
The Regional Office for the Arab States (ROAS) covers 17 countries in the Arab States region and provides support to UN Women Country Offices in Egypt, the State of Palestine, Jordan, Morocco, Lebanon and conflict cluster Country Offices in Tunisia/Libya and in Iraq / Yemen. UN Women is also engaged as a non-resident agency in the member States of the GCC sub-region. ROAS works with these field offices to support countries to implement their international commitments to achieve gender equality and women's empowerment.
ROAS operations are guided by the Strategic Note 2018 – 2021, which is itself aligned with the global UN Women Strategic Plan and key international frameworks such as Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals, the Beijing Platform for Action, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and other international norms and standards. The ROAS Strategic Note is also informed by, and will contribute to, implementation of the UN Women Africa Strategy.
A significant element of the Strategic Note is an enhanced strategic approach to communications, with the aim of increasing the visibility of ROAS and public awareness of both success stories and the specific gaps and challenges to gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls in the region. It is imperative that communications methodologies adopted by ROAS are suited to the regional context and able to attract and support the engagement of diverse stakeholder groups, including youth, civil society, national and regional authorities etc.. ROAS's communications activities will also support effective advocacy and aim to strengthen and expand partnerships with diverse stakeholders in the region and internationally.
Reporting to the Coordination Specialist, the Communications Specialist will collaborate closely with the Headquarters, Regional, Country Offices and Programme Presences (RO/CO/PP) colleagues to ensure communications strategies, media relations and organizational outreach efforts are aligned with corporate communications policies and initiatives. The Communications Specialist provides daily supervision to the members of the Communications team, including the Communications Assistant, designers and other technical personnel and interns etc. S/he also collaborates with RO and CO/PP colleagues to support outreach campaigns, resource mobilization and donor relations initiatives; s/he mobilizes support in conjunction with intergovernmental processes, and support the activities and special events organized for UN Women. The Communications Specialist provides the immediate supervision for communications team members including the Communications Associate and other members, including interns.
Lead the development and implementation of communication and outreach/advocacy strategies and plans, with a specific focus on media
Conduct communication needs assessments for the RO, including projects, programmes and corporate change initiatives;
Design, develop, and implement communication and outreach/advocacy strategies, including media strategies; ensure gender perspective;
Integrate communication, advocacy and outreach strategies into proposals for project/programmes and other initiatives;
Monitor and analyze print and social media and prepare reports;
Launch in-country UN Women/ UN system corporate and local/regional campaigns and special events;
Provide advice and guidance to and coordinate with CO/ PP and MCOs in the region.
Lead the development and dissemination of advocacy materials in the Arab States region
Develop and produce communication and advocacy instruments and materials, including briefing materials, press releases, and articles and coordinate its dissemination through effective channels;
Identify and launch information opportunities, activities, approaches and platforms and partners;
Provide advice on advocacy materials and coordinate launching flagship initiatives and publications in the region;
Lead the engagement and supervision of video producers and other communication specialists to produce audio/ visual material on UN Women's work;
Develop brochures, factsheets, stories from the field to inform media and general public at the regional level;
Follow guidelines from and report to HQ.
Manage media relations for the RO
Lead relationship building with press in country; maintain and update database of relevant press;
Respond timely and clearly to media inquiries and to a variety of inquiries and information requests; prepare related correspondence; identify topics, background information, news-related development and coverage of interest;
Organize roundtable discussions, press conferences, and briefing sessions with press;
Facilitate interviews with senior managers; connect media with UN Women subject experts;
Finalize talking points.
Build and maintain partnerships and maintain relations with donors
Identify and develop new communication partnerships and alliances to enhance visibility; manage and nurture existing partnerships;
Liaise with advocacy partners and undertake outreach to civil society organizations, governments, and other groups to ensure that newsworthy information reaches the public and donors;
Guide and collaborate closely with communication colleagues in other offices to ensure consistency with corporate policies, messaging and initiatives;
Submit packages for programme initiatives for donor review.
Oversee the RO web / online presence
Oversee and maintain (regional) websites, including developing design and content;
Coordinate COs' web-presence in the line with corporate web policy;
Oversee and manage (regional) social media accounts in line with corporate social media policy.
Facilitate knowledge building and sharing
Identify and synthesize best practices and lessons learned from CO directly linked to programme country goals and activities and ensure exchange of information;
Provide training and workshops on communication and advocacy as appropriate.
Key Performance Indicators:
Quality communications strategy and timely implementation which leads to greater exposure and understanding of UN Women's work;
Quality and relevant advocacy materials and content or the website and social media channels;
Regular interactions with mass media, as shown by coverage;
Regular interactions with donors, as shown in increased funds;
Regular exchange of information between CO in the region as shown in the coherent and relevant regional public presence.
Respect for Diversity
Core Competencies:
Awareness and Sensitivity Regarding Gender Issues
Inclusive Collaboration
Please visit this link for more information on UN Women's Core Values and Competencies:https://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/about%20us/employment/un-women-values-and-competencies-framework-en.pdf?la=en&vs=637
Functional Competencies
· Ability to communicate sensitively, effectively and creatively across different constituencies
· Strong knowledge of managing web-based knowledge management systems
· Strong understanding of production, graphic design and photography standards
· Strong knowledge of social media platforms and experience in social media outreach
· Strong oral and written communication and editing skills
· Strong communication, networking and advocacy skills
· Ability to provide advice and be strategic and analytical
· Good knowledge of regional media landscape
· Knowledge of gender and human rights issues is desirable
Required Skills and Experience
Education and certification:
Master's degree (or equivalent) in communications, public relations, journalism or relevant field is required;
A first-level university degree in combination with two additional years of qualifying experience may be accepted in lieu of the advanced university degree.
At least 5 years of professional work experience at national or international level in public relations, communications or advocacy, including in media relations;
Extensive experience in the use of social media;
Experience in media relations is an asset.
Fluency in English is required;
Knowledge of Arabic and French is an asset.
All applications must include (as an attachment) the completed UN Women Personal History form (P-11) which can be downloaded from: http://www.unwomen.org/about-us/employment.
Kindly note that the system will only allow one attachment. Applications without the completed UN Women P-11 form will be treated as incomplete and will not be considered for further assessment.
In July 2010, the United Nations General Assembly created UN Women, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women. The creation of UN Women came about as part of the UN reform agenda, bringing together resources and mandates for greater impact. It merges and builds on the important work of four previously distinct parts of the UN system (DAW, OSAGI, INSTRAW, and UNIFEM), which focused exclusively on gender equality and women's empowerment.
Promoter : UN Women
https://jobs.undp.org/cj_view_job[.......]/cj_view_job.cfm?cur_job_id=90580
Communication specialist Job Un women Cairo
The gender dimension of human trafficking
Data on the prevalence of human trafficking show that the majority of the victims are women and girls. Sexual exploitation is...
Family Policies in Developed Countries: Compared Models
Issue no. 448 of the journal Population & Societies analyses the family support policies through the use of the...
Beijing25: The fifth review of the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action in the EU Member States
Although the Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA) was established in 1995, many of the challenges identified then remain relevant...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The fantastic 2001 release from the Rheostatics.
Complex and infectious, Night of the Shooting Stars is the Rheos at their best. The songs are as melodic and well-crafted as ever with rollercoaster-like loops and twists indicative of an energy that only the Rheos possess.
Possible influences include: Little Feat, The Band, Rush and the Ramones.
01. Rheostatics - These Days Are Good For the Canadian Conservative Youth Party Alliance - Listen!
02. Rheostatics - Song of the Garden - Listen!
03. Rheostatics - Mumbletypeg - Listen!
04. Rheostatics - P.I.N - Listen!
05. Rheostatics - Superdifficult - Listen!
06. Rheostatics - Junction Foil Ball - Listen!
07. Rheostatics - We Went West - Listen!
08. Rheostatics - The Fire - Listen!
09. Rheostatics - In It Now - Listen!
10. Rheostatics - Here to There to You - Listen!
11. Rheostatics - The Reward - Listen!
12. Rheostatics - Remain Calm - Listen!
13. Rheostatics - Satan is the Whistler - Listen!
Bonus - Album package comes with complete artwork including six PDF pages.


My meeting her at the station was a pure accident. I have a cough and a little fever. My surname is Zhou. We appreciate the support. I ate a light lunch. A dog runs. Every high school student has ditched class at one time or other. It's Chinese to me. Give the password. Betsy said he had to go to a meeting.
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text:
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.PythonTools.Interpreter;
using Microsoft.PythonTools.Parsing;
using Microsoft.PythonTools.Parsing.Ast;

namespace Microsoft.PythonTools.Analysis.Values {
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents a generator instance - either constructed using a generator expression or
    /// by calling a function definition which contains yield expressions.
    /// </summary>
    internal class GeneratorInfo : BuiltinInstanceInfo {
        private AnalysisValue _nextMethod;
        private AnalysisValue _sendMethod;
        private readonly IPythonProjectEntry _declaringModule;
        private readonly int _declaringVersion;
        public readonly VariableDef Yields;
        public readonly VariableDef Sends;
        public readonly VariableDef Returns;

        public GeneratorInfo(PythonAnalyzer projectState, IPythonProjectEntry entry)
            : base(projectState.ClassInfos[BuiltinTypeId.Generator]) {

            _declaringModule = entry;
            _declaringVersion = entry.AnalysisVersion;
            Yields = new VariableDef();
            Sends = new VariableDef();
            Returns = new VariableDef();
        }

        public override IPythonProjectEntry DeclaringModule { get { return _declaringModule; } }
        public override int DeclaringVersion { get { return _declaringVersion; } }

        private IAnalysisSet GeneratorNext(Node node, AnalysisUnit unit, IAnalysisSet[] args, NameExpression[] keywordArgNames) {
            return GetEnumeratorTypes(node, unit);
        }

        private IAnalysisSet GeneratorSend(Node node, AnalysisUnit unit, IAnalysisSet[] args, NameExpression[] keywordArgNames) {
            if (args.Length > 0) {
                AddSend(node, unit, args[0]);
            }
            return GetEnumeratorTypes(node, unit);
        }

        public override IAnalysisSet GetMember(Node node, AnalysisUnit unit, string name) {
            // Must unconditionally call the base implementation of GetMember
            var res = base.GetMember(node, unit, name);

            switch(name) {
                case "next":
                    if (unit.ProjectState.LanguageVersion.Is2x()) {
                        return _nextMethod = _nextMethod ?? new SpecializedCallable(
                            res.OfType<BuiltinNamespace<IPythonType>>().FirstOrDefault(),
                            GeneratorNext,
                            false
                        );
                    }
                    break;
                case "__next__":
                    if (unit.ProjectState.LanguageVersion.Is3x()) {
                        return _nextMethod = _nextMethod ?? new SpecializedCallable(
                            res.OfType<BuiltinNamespace<IPythonType>>().FirstOrDefault(),
                            GeneratorNext,
                            false
                        );
                    }
                    break;
                case "send":
                    return _sendMethod = _sendMethod ?? new SpecializedCallable(
                        res.OfType<BuiltinNamespace<IPythonType>>().FirstOrDefault(),
                        GeneratorSend,
                        false
                    );
            }

            return res;
        }

        public override IAnalysisSet GetIterator(Node node, AnalysisUnit unit) {
            return SelfSet;
        }

        public override IAnalysisSet GetEnumeratorTypes(Node node, AnalysisUnit unit) {
            Yields.AddDependency(unit);

            return Yields.Types;
        }

        internal override void AddReference(Node node, AnalysisUnit analysisUnit) {
            base.AddReference(node, analysisUnit);
        }

        public void AddYield(Node node, AnalysisUnit unit, IAnalysisSet yieldValue, bool enqueue = true) {
            Yields.MakeUnionStrongerIfMoreThan(ProjectState.Limits.YieldTypes, yieldValue);
            Yields.AddTypes(unit, yieldValue, enqueue);
        }

        public void AddReturn(Node node, AnalysisUnit unit, IAnalysisSet returnValue, bool enqueue = true) {
            Returns.MakeUnionStrongerIfMoreThan(ProjectState.Limits.ReturnTypes, returnValue);
            Returns.AddTypes(unit, returnValue, enqueue);
        }

        public void AddSend(Node node, AnalysisUnit unit, IAnalysisSet sendValue, bool enqueue = true) {
            Sends.AddTypes(unit, sendValue, enqueue);
        }

        public void AddYieldFrom(Node node, AnalysisUnit unit, IAnalysisSet yieldsFrom, bool enqueue = true) {
            foreach (var ns in yieldsFrom) {
                AddYield(node, unit, ns.GetEnumeratorTypes(node, unit), enqueue);
                var gen = ns as GeneratorInfo;
                if (gen != null) {
                    gen.AddSend(node, unit, Sends.Types, enqueue);
                    AddReturn(node, unit, gen.Returns.Types, enqueue);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I slathered the first year of motherhood with nutella. (There's proof of that right here.) It needed it—for both the protein and the indulgence. If there had been enough time to go to the doctor, they would have diagnosed me with a deficit of both and prescribed a jar of nutella. So a slather a day it was. I'm exaggerating only slightly.
This post was created in ongoing partnership with Dave's Killer Bread. They hit all my checkpoints—non-gmo, organic, familiar, nutrient-dense ingredients (like quinoa, millet, spelt, rye, barley), and no preservatives. But the proof is in the bread. It's killer good. It's also the same bread we buy on a weekly basis.
To Ashley—I hope you're generous with yourself. You'll convince yourself that everyone else comes before you. And they will for awhile. You'll forget to wash your hair, take off your makeup, and eat lunch. It's just how it goes. But don't let it last too long. You matter just as much. Pull out the food processor and make a batch of Homemade Nutella. Shmear it over your favorite bread (Dave's Killer Bread for me). And sprinkle generously with the natural and not so natural sprinkles. To lots of toast and sweet days ahead.
It's true what they say—homemade is always better. This variety of nutella has just enough salt to make it sweet, no extra sugar outside the semi-sweet chocolate necessary.
Preheat oven to 350°. Add hazelnuts to a small baking sheet and bake for 12 minutes. Allow to cool for about 5 minutes before pouring onto a kitchen towel. Rub the skins off the hazelnuts. They should rub right off. Place the skinned hazelnuts in a high-powered blender or food processor. Blend on low for about 5 minutes, scraping down the sides every so often. It's ready when smooth with tiny specks of nuts visible.
Meanwhile, melt chocolate in a double boiler being sure not to let any water drop inside. (In the presence of water, chocolate will seize up.) Pour melted chocolate, salt, and vanilla into the blender or food processor and blend on low for another two minutes. Remove to a container with a lid. Mixture will be very loose at first and thicken up as it cools. Store at room temperature. Stir before serving.
To make the toasts, lightly toast bread. Spread with homemade nutella. Sprinkle with natural or not-so-natural sprinkles. Serve!
Bee pollen, buckwheat groats, and coconut shreds can typically be found at your local co-op or natural food stores in the bulk section.
Hazelnut butter process lightly adapted from Minimalist Baker. Nutella ratio based on My Name is Yeh's Chocolate Halva Spread from her book, as seen in these babka knots.
9 Responses to "Homemade Nutella Toasts"
Melissa, I smiled at your characterization of the ups-and-downs of early motherhood and comfort that Nutella provided! Yes, something sweet and hearty is always needed during trying (if wonderful) times. This is such a great, easy, inspiring toast idea!
These look amazing! I love the topping options.


We all eat, so grocery shopping is a task we have to do. There are alternatives to help you avoid the clutter created by food packaging, while still getting food you love and need (or want!).
Plastics, paper, metal and glass require natural resources and energy to manufacture into packaging, even if they are made from recycled materials. Think upstream and consider ways to get what you need for yourself and your family by choosing durable options over disposable ones.
Buy in bulk and bring your own containers. Stores like Fred Meyer, New Seasons, Sheridan's, Whole Foods and Winco make it easy to buy grains, beans, coffee, cereals and snacks using your own bags and containers. By not taking a new bag at the bulk or produce area, your household can save 500 bags a year!
Make a grocery list. Include the exact amounts you need (1 cup sugar, ¼ tsp nutmeg).
Inventory your pantry and check off any items or ingredients you already have.
Pack the containers you'll need for each of the items on your list. Bring empty spice jars for bulk spices, or larger glass jars for coffee or olive oil. Reusable plastic containers (such as deli or yogurt tubs, or other food-grade plastic containers) work well for dry goods because they are easy to transport.
When you first get to the bulk aisle, weigh your containers. Write the weight and the word "tare" on each container. Cashiers are required to remove this weight from the total they charge you. If your store doesn't have a scale in the bulk area, you can ask a cashier to weigh containers before you fill them.
Write the PLU (price look-up) number and the name of the food on the side of each container (which is necessary if you have multiple containers that look similar in your pantry).
And remember to bring your bag! Pack your durable containers in reusable bags to take to the store. Bonus: many grocery stores offer a refund if you bring your own bag.


text:
Local Leaders Propose to Take Over San Joaquin Amtrak Line
By Rich Ibarra
Amtrak's "San Joaquin" line is among the busiest in the U.S., and now there is a proposal to expand and improve it.
The state controls Amtrak's "San Joaquin", which runs from the Bay Area to Bakersfield. But, local leaders want to take over the line.
Last year, Amtrak's San Joaquin carried over one million passengers.
The state of California operates it now, but a handful of agencies such as the San Joaquin Rail Commission, and Sacramento RT want to form a joint power authority to take it over.
Thomas Reeves of the Rail Commission says there are important questions about the current operation.
REEVES: "Is it efficient as it is now and are there things that can be done that this governing body can correct that would increase ridership, increase revenue, or at least make it a more efficient operation.
Reeves says when local agencies took over Amtrak's Capitol Corridor through Sacramento, the number of trains increased from 8 to 32.
REEVES: "We are using the Capitol Corridor as a model because what we saw there is they did a lot to increase ridership especially adding trains to the schedule.
So far 5 agencies have signed on to form a governing body.
Six are needed and the last is expected to be in place by the group's first meeting in March.


text:
Call For Appointment: 719-429-1966
Our Commitment To Children's Privacy
Protecting the privacy of the very young is especially important. For that reason, Permanent Makeup By Annette will never collect or maintain information at our website from those we actually know are under 18, and no part of our website is structured to attract anyone under 18. Under our Terms of Service, children under 18 are not allowed to access our service.
When visiting Permanent Makeup By Annette, the IP address used to access the site will be logged along with the dates and times of access. This information is purely used to analyze trends, administer the site, track users movement and gather broad demographic information for internal use. Most importantly, any recorded IP addresses are not linked to personally identifiable information.
The contents of this statement may be altered at any time, at our discretion.
If you have any questions regarding the privacy policy of Permanent Makeup By Annette then you may contact us at annetteksnyder@msn.com
Copyright © 2020 Permanent Cosmetics by Annette | Privacy Policy | Website by Ready Set Go Local
Happily serving Waterville, Waseca, Faribault, Owatonna, Rochester, Northfield, New Ulm, St Peter, Jordan, Albert Lea, Austin, Lakeville, Red Wing, Winona, Fairmont, Farmington, New Prague, Le Sueur MN and beyond!


text:
Robert Pattinson joins the cast - Page 15 - Nolan Fans
Nolan Fans Forums Nolan Films Tenet
Robert Pattinson joins the cast
An original action espionage film releasing in IMAX on July 17, 2020.
Master Virgo
Joined: February 2011
TheMan wrote: ↑
contents deleted
Interested in what? Stalking?
The Special One
Master Virgo wrote: ↑
If any of you estonians are interested, contents deleted
Yeah, do not reveal private information about other people.
Wasn't even in the right thread. Belongs under Following.
Nicolaslabra
Geoffrey wrote: ↑
you won this thread mate, its over.
September 3rd, 2019, 9:27 am
I never could've guessed 10 years ago that I would become Robsessed, but here I am.
Love this guy.
Nomis
robsessed lolll
senseandsarcasm
He mentions Nolan and Tenet a couple of times in the written interview as well.
https://variety.com/2019/film/features/ ... 203319866/
Pattinson began the year as an unemployed actor, feeling fidgety about his empty schedule. But his concerns were put to rest when his agents phoned him in January to say that Nolan wanted to meet with him. "I couldn't believe it," Pattinson says. "He's one of those people who seem quite out of reach."
Five days later, he officially became the Dark Knight. "I was absolutely relieved when Matt called," says Pattinson, who got the role over actor Nicholas Hoult. In fact, Pattinson received the career-changing news on his first day on the set of Nolan's film. "It's so bizarre," he says. "I was like, 'What a coincidence this is happening. It's absolutely crazy." A surprise benefit was that he was able to pepper Nolan, who made the "Dark Knight" trilogy, with questions. "I was talking about things to do with the Batsuit," Pattinson recalls. "How to get more movements in it."
September 3rd, 2019, 12:19 pm
DUNKIRKIE
When asked how's working with Christopher Nolan, Robert Pattinson literally said "He's the best."
And he has worked with brilliant directors like David Cronenberg, James Gray, Claire Denis and so on.
Return to "Tenet"


Crabtree, Carpenter & Connolly, PLLC in Durham, NC is pleased to announce that Michael E. Kohagen has recently joined the practice as an associate attorney.
Michael is a North Carolina native and received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of North Carolina School of Law at Chapel Hill in 2016. Before attending law school he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in German from the University of Michigan. Michael is a member of the American Bar Association and the Durham County and 14th Judicial District Bar Associations.
An exceptional young attorney, Michael's legal knowledge, energy and enthusiasm deepens and enhances the services Crabtree, Carpenter & Connolly provides to our clients.
Michael is fluent in German, plays competitive tennis, has a first- degree black belt in taekwondo, and enjoys scuba diving, electronic music production and cycling.


text:
package com.amazonaws.services.cloudfront.model;

/**
 *

 * An invalidation batch.
 *

 */
public class InvalidationBatch {

    /**
     * The path of the object to invalidate. The path is relative to the
     * distribution and must begin with a slash (/). You must enclose each
     * invalidation object with the Path element tags. If the path includes
     * non-ASCII characters or unsafe characters as defined in RFC 1783
     * (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt), URL encode those characters. Do
     * not URL encode any other characters in the path, or CloudFront will
     * not invalidate the old version of the updated object.
     */
    private Paths paths;

    /**
     * A unique name that ensures the request can't be replayed. If the
     * CallerReference is new (no matter the content of the Path object), a
     * new distribution is created. If the CallerReference is a value you
     * already sent in a previous request to create an invalidation batch,
     * and the content of each Path element is identical to the original
     * request, the response includes the same information returned to the
     * original request. If the CallerReference is a value you already sent
     * in a previous request to create a distribution but the content of any
     * Path is different from the original request, CloudFront returns an
     * InvalidationBatchAlreadyExists error.
     */
    private String callerReference;

    /**
     * Default constructor for a new InvalidationBatch object.  Callers should use the
     * setter or fluent setter (with...) methods to initialize this object after creating it.
     */
    public InvalidationBatch() {}

    /**
     * Constructs a new InvalidationBatch object.
     * Callers should use the setter or fluent setter (with...) methods to
     * initialize any additional object members.
     *
     * @param paths The path of the object to invalidate. The path is
     * relative to the distribution and must begin with a slash (/). You must
     * enclose each invalidation object with the Path element tags. If the
     * path includes non-ASCII characters or unsafe characters as defined in
     * RFC 1783 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt), URL encode those
     * characters. Do not URL encode any other characters in the path, or
     * CloudFront will not invalidate the old version of the updated object.
     * @param callerReference A unique name that ensures the request can't be
     * replayed. If the CallerReference is new (no matter the content of the
     * Path object), a new distribution is created. If the CallerReference is
     * a value you already sent in a previous request to create an
     * invalidation batch, and the content of each Path element is identical
     * to the original request, the response includes the same information
     * returned to the original request. If the CallerReference is a value
     * you already sent in a previous request to create a distribution but
     * the content of any Path is different from the original request,
     * CloudFront returns an InvalidationBatchAlreadyExists error.
     */
    public InvalidationBatch(Paths paths, String callerReference) {
        this.paths = paths;
        this.callerReference = callerReference;
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new InvalidationBatch object.
     * Callers should use the setter or fluent setter (with...) methods to
     * initialize any additional object members.
     *
     * @param callerReference A unique name that ensures the request can't be
     * replayed. If the CallerReference is new (no matter the content of the
     * Path object), a new distribution is created. If the CallerReference is
     * a value you already sent in a previous request to create an
     * invalidation batch, and the content of each Path element is identical
     * to the original request, the response includes the same information
     * returned to the original request. If the CallerReference is a value
     * you already sent in a previous request to create a distribution but
     * the content of any Path is different from the original request,
     * CloudFront returns an InvalidationBatchAlreadyExists error.
     */
    public InvalidationBatch(String callerReference) {
        this.callerReference = callerReference;
    }

    /**
     * The path of the object to invalidate. The path is relative to the
     * distribution and must begin with a slash (/). You must enclose each
     * invalidation object with the Path element tags. If the path includes
     * non-ASCII characters or unsafe characters as defined in RFC 1783
     * (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt), URL encode those characters. Do
     * not URL encode any other characters in the path, or CloudFront will
     * not invalidate the old version of the updated object.
     *
     * @return The path of the object to invalidate. The path is relative to the
     *         distribution and must begin with a slash (/). You must enclose each
     *         invalidation object with the Path element tags. If the path includes
     *         non-ASCII characters or unsafe characters as defined in RFC 1783
     *         (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt), URL encode those characters. Do
     *         not URL encode any other characters in the path, or CloudFront will
     *         not invalidate the old version of the updated object.
     */
    public Paths getPaths() {
        return paths;
    }

    /**
     * The path of the object to invalidate. The path is relative to the
     * distribution and must begin with a slash (/). You must enclose each
     * invalidation object with the Path element tags. If the path includes
     * non-ASCII characters or unsafe characters as defined in RFC 1783
     * (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt), URL encode those characters. Do
     * not URL encode any other characters in the path, or CloudFront will
     * not invalidate the old version of the updated object.
     *
     * @param paths The path of the object to invalidate. The path is relative to the
     *         distribution and must begin with a slash (/). You must enclose each
     *         invalidation object with the Path element tags. If the path includes
     *         non-ASCII characters or unsafe characters as defined in RFC 1783
     *         (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt), URL encode those characters. Do
     *         not URL encode any other characters in the path, or CloudFront will
     *         not invalidate the old version of the updated object.
     */
    public void setPaths(Paths paths) {
        this.paths = paths;
    }

    /**
     * The path of the object to invalidate. The path is relative to the
     * distribution and must begin with a slash (/). You must enclose each
     * invalidation object with the Path element tags. If the path includes
     * non-ASCII characters or unsafe characters as defined in RFC 1783
     * (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt), URL encode those characters. Do
     * not URL encode any other characters in the path, or CloudFront will
     * not invalidate the old version of the updated object.
     *

     * Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     *
     * @param paths The path of the object to invalidate. The path is relative to the
     *         distribution and must begin with a slash (/). You must enclose each
     *         invalidation object with the Path element tags. If the path includes
     *         non-ASCII characters or unsafe characters as defined in RFC 1783
     *         (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt), URL encode those characters. Do
     *         not URL encode any other characters in the path, or CloudFront will
     *         not invalidate the old version of the updated object.
     *
     * @return A reference to this updated object so that method calls can be chained
     *         together.
     */
    public InvalidationBatch withPaths(Paths paths) {
        this.paths = paths;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * A unique name that ensures the request can't be replayed. If the
     * CallerReference is new (no matter the content of the Path object), a
     * new distribution is created. If the CallerReference is a value you
     * already sent in a previous request to create an invalidation batch,
     * and the content of each Path element is identical to the original
     * request, the response includes the same information returned to the
     * original request. If the CallerReference is a value you already sent
     * in a previous request to create a distribution but the content of any
     * Path is different from the original request, CloudFront returns an
     * InvalidationBatchAlreadyExists error.
     *
     * @return A unique name that ensures the request can't be replayed. If the
     *         CallerReference is new (no matter the content of the Path object), a
     *         new distribution is created. If the CallerReference is a value you
     *         already sent in a previous request to create an invalidation batch,
     *         and the content of each Path element is identical to the original
     *         request, the response includes the same information returned to the
     *         original request. If the CallerReference is a value you already sent
     *         in a previous request to create a distribution but the content of any
     *         Path is different from the original request, CloudFront returns an
     *         InvalidationBatchAlreadyExists error.
     */
    public String getCallerReference() {
        return callerReference;
    }

    /**
     * A unique name that ensures the request can't be replayed. If the
     * CallerReference is new (no matter the content of the Path object), a
     * new distribution is created. If the CallerReference is a value you
     * already sent in a previous request to create an invalidation batch,
     * and the content of each Path element is identical to the original
     * request, the response includes the same information returned to the
     * original request. If the CallerReference is a value you already sent
     * in a previous request to create a distribution but the content of any
     * Path is different from the original request, CloudFront returns an
     * InvalidationBatchAlreadyExists error.
     *
     * @param callerReference A unique name that ensures the request can't be replayed. If the
     *         CallerReference is new (no matter the content of the Path object), a
     *         new distribution is created. If the CallerReference is a value you
     *         already sent in a previous request to create an invalidation batch,
     *         and the content of each Path element is identical to the original
     *         request, the response includes the same information returned to the
     *         original request. If the CallerReference is a value you already sent
     *         in a previous request to create a distribution but the content of any
     *         Path is different from the original request, CloudFront returns an
     *         InvalidationBatchAlreadyExists error.
     */
    public void setCallerReference(String callerReference) {
        this.callerReference = callerReference;
    }

    /**
     * A unique name that ensures the request can't be replayed. If the
     * CallerReference is new (no matter the content of the Path object), a
     * new distribution is created. If the CallerReference is a value you
     * already sent in a previous request to create an invalidation batch,
     * and the content of each Path element is identical to the original
     * request, the response includes the same information returned to the
     * original request. If the CallerReference is a value you already sent
     * in a previous request to create a distribution but the content of any
     * Path is different from the original request, CloudFront returns an
     * InvalidationBatchAlreadyExists error.
     *

     * Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     *
     * @param callerReference A unique name that ensures the request can't be replayed. If the
     *         CallerReference is new (no matter the content of the Path object), a
     *         new distribution is created. If the CallerReference is a value you
     *         already sent in a previous request to create an invalidation batch,
     *         and the content of each Path element is identical to the original
     *         request, the response includes the same information returned to the
     *         original request. If the CallerReference is a value you already sent
     *         in a previous request to create a distribution but the content of any
     *         Path is different from the original request, CloudFront returns an
     *         InvalidationBatchAlreadyExists error.
     *
     * @return A reference to this updated object so that method calls can be chained
     *         together.
     */
    public InvalidationBatch withCallerReference(String callerReference) {
        this.callerReference = callerReference;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this object; useful for testing and
     * debugging.
     *
     * @return A string representation of this object.
     *
     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("{");
        if (paths != null) sb.append("Paths: " + paths + ", ");
        if (callerReference != null) sb.append("CallerReference: " + callerReference + ", ");
        sb.append("}");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int hashCode = 1;

        hashCode = prime * hashCode + ((getPaths() == null) ? 0 : getPaths().hashCode());
        hashCode = prime * hashCode + ((getCallerReference() == null) ? 0 : getCallerReference().hashCode());
        return hashCode;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) return true;
        if (obj == null) return false;

        if (obj instanceof InvalidationBatch == false) return false;
        InvalidationBatch other = (InvalidationBatch)obj;

        if (other.getPaths() == null ^ this.getPaths() == null) return false;
        if (other.getPaths() != null && other.getPaths().equals(this.getPaths()) == false) return false;
        if (other.getCallerReference() == null ^ this.getCallerReference() == null) return false;
        if (other.getCallerReference() != null && other.getCallerReference().equals(this.getCallerReference()) == false) return false;
        return true;
    }

}


1. This competition ("Competition") is conducted by Tru-Blue Motors ("the Promoter"), , ABN 67 377 857 of 92 Kingswood Road, Underwood, QLD, 4119.
3. The Competition is only open to individuals who: (i) are Queensland residents aged 18 years or older at time of entry; and (ii) are not directors, management or employees, or their immediate family members, of the Promoter or its related companies or agencies associated with the Competition ("Eligible Entrant").
4. Competition entry commences at 12:01:00am on 1 August 2014 and closes at 11:59:59pm on 31 August 2014 ("Entry Period"). Except as otherwise stated, all times are Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST).
6. Entrants may only enter the Competition in their own name. A person can only enter the Competition once. Any subsequent entry from the same person after the first valid entry is received will be deemed invalid.
7. An Eligible Entrant will receive one (1) entry for each submission that complies with the requirements under condition 5a.
8. Entries must be received by the Promoter during the Entry Period. Entries will be deemed received at the time that the Promoter is satisfied that all necessary requirements under condition 5 have been met and not at the time of submission by the Eligible Entrant. The Promoter takes no responsibility for late, lost, incomplete, incorrectly submitted, illegible or misdirected entries or delays or failures in any equipment or telecommunications service used to administer this Competition.
11. All valid entries received during the period starting when entry opens and ending when entry closes for that draw (as set out in condition 14) will be entered into the relevant prize draw.
12. All prize draws will take place at 92 Kingswood Rd Underwood QLD 4119 as follows. Prize draws will take place at 2:00pm on Friday the 5 September 2014.
13. There are 1 prize to be won. The first valid entry randomly drawn will win the prize, which is one (1) Coles Express Gift Card valued at $250 AUD. The prize is valid for 24 months and is subject to any conditions imposed by the supplier.
14. The total prize pool is valued at $250 AUD including GST as at 1 July 2014. A prize value is the recommended retail value as provided by the relevant supplier(s). The Promoter takes no responsibility for any variation in a prize's value due to exchange rate changes or otherwise.
15. Any additional costs not expressly stated, but which may be incurred in acceptance and use of a prize, are the responsibility of the winner.
16. No compensation will be payable if a winner is unable to take any element of a prize as stated, or does not satisfy any conditions of use for any element of the prize (including conditions imposed by event organisers or staff, or other prize providers, such as health, behavior, age and safety requirements), for whatever reason. Any part of a prize that is not taken for any reason is forfeited and no compensation will be provided.
17. If a prize (or part of a prize) is unavailable for any reason, the Promoter may, in its absolute discretion, substitute alternative goods or services of equal or higher value, subject to the approval of any relevant gaming authority, where required. The Promoter accepts no other liability or responsibility for any loss incurred by a winner or any other party if a prize (or part of prize) is unavailable for any reason.
18. Other than as expressly stated in these conditions, a prize is non-transferable, non-refundable, non-exchangeable, non-replaceable, and non-redeemable for another prize including cash, except at the Promoter's discretion and subject to relevant State and Territory legislation.
19. The winners will be notified within 5 days of the relevant draw by a phone call and email, using the details provided in their entry.
20. Prizes will be sent by registered post to the winners at their nominated Australian address within 28 days of the draw.
21. The prizes will only be awarded following any winner validation and verification that the Promoter requires in its sole discretion.
22. The first initial and last name of the winners will be published at www.trubluemotors.com.au within 2 weeks of the prize draw.
23. Subject, where relevant, to any directions given by a relevant gaming authority, if: (i) a prize is not claimed by a winner or the Promoter has been unable (despite reasonable efforts) to successfully contact the winner on or before 1 September 2014; (ii) a prize is forfeited for any reason; or (iii) a winner is determined by the Promoter to be ineligible to win a prize in accordance with these conditions, the relevant prize will be forfeited and instead awarded to another Eligible Entrant in a redraw. Any such redraw will be made from a pool of the remaining Eligible Entrants and will take place at 2:00pm on 30 September 2014 at the same location as the original draws, with any unclaimed prizes awarded to the next valid entry randomly drawn in descending order of value (if applicable). The name of any resulting winner(s) will be published will be published at www.trubluemotors.com.au within 2 weeks of the draw. Any redraw prize winner(s) will be notified within 5 days of the redraw by a phone call and email using the details provided in their entry.
24. If for any reason this Competition is not capable of running as planned, or is interfered with or disrupted in any way (including by vandalism, power failures, natural disasters, acts of God, weather event, civil unrest, strikes, computer bugs or viruses, tampering or technical failures), the Promoter reserves the right to cancel, terminate, modify or suspend the Competition, or invalidate any affected entries, subject to the approval of any relevant gaming authorities, where required.
25. The Promoter assumes no responsibility for: (i) any error, omission, interruption, or delay in the operation or transmission of any communication sent to (or by) the Promoter or any entrant whether caused by problems with communication networks or lines, computer systems, software or internet service providers, congestion on any carrier network or otherwise; (ii) any theft, destruction or unauthorised access to, or alteration of such communications; (iii) any problem with, or technical malfunction of, any computer system or other equipment used for the conduct of the Competition; (iv) any incorrect or incomplete information which may be communicated in the course of the administering this Competition (whether as a result of one of the foregoing causes or otherwise); or (v) any delay in delivery (when not directly caused by the Promoter or its supplier), or failure of safe delivery of a prize.
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2021 HDT Fact Book: Driver Trends Remain Consistent
August 26, 2021 • Vesna Brajkovic • Bookmark +
Heavy Duty Trucking's annual Fact Book issue is designed to provide a snapshot of the current state of the industry, where it's been, and where it's going. These numbers can help you in planning and benchmarking your fleet, and in telling trucking's story to others.
Despite the COVID-19 pandemic that shut down spending in many industries in 2020, the demand for trucking remained strong. So did the demand for drivers to keep operations going.
But meeting that demand, especially since the economy started recovering, has been difficult.
The American Trucking Associations recently reported that in the truckload sector, fleet sizes in the first half of the year are down 6% and 4.9% for large and small carriers, respectively. It attributed part of that to the inability to find drivers.
Despite the rollercoaster year that was 2020, the overall driver turnover rate for large truckload carriers was very similar to 2019, according to the American Trucking Associations. Carriers with more than $30 million in annual revenue averaged 90%, down one point from 2019, although it had dipped to 85% for the first six months of 2020. The annual average rate at smaller truckload fleets was 69% in 2020, down from 72% in the previous year.
In the National Private Truck Council's annual benchmarking survey, reversing a two-year trend of higher driver turnover, respondents reported turnover falling to 15.8%, nearly three full percentage points down from 2019's 18.5% turnover rate. Turnover has averaged 14.25% over the 15-year history of the NPTC survey.
Source: American Trucking Associations, National Private Truck Council
Many drivers have long said that there's not really a driver shortage, simply a shortage of enough pay to make up for the demands of the job. And a recent FTR analysis found that with the extra COVID-19 unemployment benefits, "numerous former drivers could 'earn' almost as much doing nothing as they could working in a stressful job like driving a truck," says FTR's Avery Vise.
In addition to many fleets raising driver pay this past year, some fleets turned to large sign-on bonuses to sweeten the deal. In early 2021, Walmart offered a major $8,000 sign-on bonus for qualified Class A commercial truck drivers in select locations. Old Dominion also announced a large $5,000 sign-on bonus. Those deals are far more than the average of the year, though. Most fleets paid an average $3,242 sign-on bonus, according to the National Transportation Institute.
Overall, a majority of fleets offer sign-on bonuses, although neither as many nor as large as two or three years ago, according to the National Transportation Institute, which tracks more than 125 different attributes of pay packages for company truck drivers and owner-operator compensation. The problem is, sign-on bonuses may just cause drivers to chase the next bonus as soon as their minimum time required to collect the bonus is finished. NTI has found that drivers stay longer when they are recruited for the appropriate wage in that market, and pay is accelerated appropriately by tenure, by earnings, and outcomes that are necessary to be recognized in the job, such as safety incentives, fuel incentives, and productivity incentives.
Source: National Transportation Institute
Competitive pay is perhaps the No. 1 factor in attracting and retaining. The most recent federal statistics available show Alaska, Washington, D.C., New York and Wyoming had the highest pay.
Federal statistics show the average annual wages of heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers by state, as of May 2020 (most recent figures available). Compared to a year earlier, Minnesota and Nevada dropped out of the ranks of the highest-paying states, while California and Oklahoma moved up into that top tier.
In this Bureau of Labor Statistics 2020 data for "driver/sales workers and truck drivers," out of 3.36 million total employed, women remain by far the minority. Over the past decade, the percentage of women has risen from 4.6% in 2010, and the percentage of Black drivers has risen from 13.6% a decade ago. The percentage of Asian and Hispanic/Latino drivers has remained about the same.
Trucking is an increasingly data-driven industry. Numbers matter. There's no end to the available software and analytics available to fleets today to help them analyze and improve their operations.
But sometimes you want to look at statistics and data to help give you the big picture, and this is what Heavy Duty Trucking's annual Fact Book issue is all about. It's designed to provide a snapshot of the current state of the industry, where it's been, and where it's going. These numbers can help you in planning and benchmarking your fleet, and in telling trucking's story to others. And it can serve as a reference guide throughout the year.
This is the seventh year for the HDT Fact Book. Check out the other published sections of the Fact Book:
Industry: Trucking Rides High on Economic Recovery
Logistics: Winners in Logistics Adapt to Fast-Changing Demands
Safety: Safety, Regulatory Issues Top of Mind for Fleets
Drivers: Driver Trends Remain Consistent
Equipment: Truck, Trailer Makers Strive to Keep Up With Demand
Maintenance: Maintenance Costs Expected to Rise
Sustainability: Sustainability Focus Not Slowed By Pandemic
Read more about Fact Book Drivers driver incentives Driver Pay


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The Italian brand Nemanti combines the typical Italian elegance and aesthetic workmanship with the usage of new materials. All the materials used are cruelty free; for the environment, thanks to the use of plant tissue, often a by-product of recycling or reuse; for tradition and the workmanship by two artisanal districts from ancient and established history: the Marchigiano and that of Parabiago. The materials used, products of careful research as ethical as it was technological, guarantee comfort, elegance and durability in the shoes: from the more traditional linen, waxed cotton and wood, to more innovative materials such as Alcantara with zero CO2 emissions and faux leather derived from the refuse of the production of grains in no food cultivations.
The materials used, products of careful research as ethical as it was technological, guarantee comfort, elegance and durability in the shoes: from the more traditional linen, waxed cotton and wood, to more innovative materials such as Alcantara with zero CO2 emissions and faux leather derived from the refuse of the production of grains in no food cultivations.


Module consists of a feed pump, three stage rapid mix, three stage flocculation, inclined plate sedimentation, automated sludge removal collector, and five chemical feed systems. Feed flow is maintained through automatic PID flow control. Mixers are variable speed with direct entry of mixing gradient setpoint. Mixers and drives near wetted process are low voltage drives (24VDC). Sixty-degree inclined plates allow for high rate sedimentation. Plate length is 30.75" (83.8 cm) with the gap distance between plates adjustable by removing plates. Sludge vacuum operates at a constant speed and withdraws sludge only while in motion. Withdraw rate as well as rest time between cycles can be adjusted depending on sludge removal requirements. Chemical feed pumps are flow paced with direct entry of chemical dosage. Other features include automatic data logging of key parameters, secure remote monitoring and control over the internet, and email alarm notification.


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Ted Homer photographs the county of Gloucestershire in a series exploring our relationship with land heritage and tradition
Words by Ted Homer
In modern times, our landscape is brought into question much more frequently; how we try to preserve our heritage and natural aesthetic, but also how we try to utilize our land for new uses.
This project aims to comment on these changes to our land, and investigate whether our perspective on land heritage and tradition is changing or if it's dependent to the region, social class, or any variable.
Gloucestershire mirrors many of these same concerns the country faces as a whole. The county has four distinct regions; the Forest of Dean - a heavily post industrial area, The Cotswolds – a designated area of outstanding beauty, The Severn Vale – an area of low-lying land that follows the river Severn, and South Gloucestershire – a region that is made up of suburbs and commuter towns for Bristol.
Whiteway Colony, Cotswolds. 2015
The colony was founded in 1898 by a group of Tolstoyans, who bought 41 acres of land near the village of Miserden. Their socialist ideals included sharing provisions and welcoming people of all classes, religion and politics to be members.
The notion of 'private property' was rejected and the deeds to the land were burnt. Because of this, new colonists would be loaned a plot of land to build a home and live from. The colony abandoned their Tolstoy philosophy early on. Whiteway was visited in 1909 by Mahatma Gandhi, and was regarded as a failed Tolstoyan experiment.
The Colony still exists today, with some original structures, descendants of its original settlers remaining, and still no one legally owning land within the colony.
Thornbury, South Gloucestershire. 2014
When the county of Avon was created (1974) it was decided to take in much of the surrounding countryside of Bristol and Bath, taking parts of Gloucestershire and Somerset to form the county of Avon. In 1996, the former county of Avon was abolished, and instead of giving the areas back to the counties it was decided that the areas would create new Unitary authorities. South Gloucestershire was formed and named as such for the historic reason that it used to be southern Gloucestershire. The area is still part of the Ceremonial county of Gloucestershire.
A38 Patchway, South Gloucestershire. 2015
The A38 runs almost the full length of the county and has historically connected Gloucester and Bristol. Much of the A38 within Gloucestershire follows Roman roads and hasn't changed course much overtime. The main shift in the road's history was with the construction of the M5 (1962), which follows the route of the A38 closely and has taken much of the traffic from the road. This left many businesses and communities along the A38 affected, and there are still signs of this today with many pubs, petrol stations and hotels closed.
Cinderford, Forest of Dean. 2016
Before the 18th century, there was very little in the way of any permanent settlements within the Forest of Dean, apart from one small town of Cinderford. Much of the population was set up in illegal settlements made up of makeshift cabins on Crown land. The illegal settlers had to move in order to find work and for the threat of expulsion.
With industry and the population growing many settlers wanted to make permanent settlements, and so moved to the edge of the Crown owned forest and created roughly built hamlets. Overtime these hamlets became well established, and still exist like Parkend and Berry Hill. Industry continued to be the main employer within the forest, with the coal industry itself employing half of the male working population up until 1945. 20 years later the last large colliery, Northern United would close.
Dursley, Severn Vale. 2014
R A Lister and Co, set up in Durlsey in 1867 and soon became the towns largest employer and central to the area's economy. The company started out producing a large range of agricultural machinery, until 1909 when they started to manufacture petrol engines. During World War l, the factory helped the war effort by producing munition components, and like many factories at the time women replaced the men that left to fight.
In 1929 the company started to produce diesel engines, and within the decade they became one of the largest manufacturers of diesel engines in the world. When World War ll struck the company went back to producing for the war effort again. After the war, the company struggled with labour costs and competition from abroad that copied their design. Many say that the company suffered because their engines were simply 'too reliable'.
Through the company's next 50 years they were bought out, merged with another company and in 1986 the company's name changed to Lister Petter Ltd. In 2014 the company decided to relocate from Durlsey ending its association with the town. The 92 acre site that the factory was situated will be redeveloped with 450 planned new homes, a community hospital and commercial space.
Emersons Green, South Gloucestershire. 2015
The area was historically green belt land, used mainly for farming. It sits on one of the most southerly British coalfield which makes up the Bristol and Somerset Coalfield. Emersons Green itself wasn't developed until the 1990's, so it falls within the historic parish of Mangotsfield. The area was selected for development in 1985, and developers proposed to move the greenbelt further out to create a large residential area.
During the same period, the Avon Ring Road was created, which gave connections to other major roads such as the M32 and A4. These new transport links created an area perfect for businesses and eventually was decided to be the site for a new science and technology park. The £300 million construction of the park started in 2010 and was named Bristol Bath Science Park, which when completed should create around 6,000 jobs.
Robinswood Hill, Severn Vale. 2015
The hill was originally the main water source for Gloucester, with reservoirs built in the 1830's that supplied the city until 1924. At its highest point, it is 650ft above sea level. Because of this the hill gains from panoramic views of the Severn Vale, Forest of Dean, Malvern Hills and both Severn Bridges.
In 1972 the hill became a country park, and in 2003 it gained importance by becoming a local nature reserve. In this time the hill became home to the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust headquarters, it also gained an artificial ski slope. The ski slope was also the place that Eddie the Eagle learnt to ski.
Princess Royal Colliery, Forest of Dean. 2016
Opened in 1842 the colliery grew to be highly productive for the Forest of Dean. At it's height of productivity the colliery employed 1,300 men and produced 1,000 tons of coal per day. Princess Royal outlived many other large collieries of the area, and when nearby New Fancy colliery closed in 1944, Princess Royal found employment for 300 out-of-work miners. The colliery closed in 1962.
Some of the old colliery buildings are still in use by other industries and part of the site has been cleared for a new trading estate. North of the site is a very large spoil heap that belonged to the colliery that can be seen from the surrounding area.
Painswick Beacon, Cotswolds. 2015
Situated just over a mile north of the village of Painswick lies Painswick Beacon. Historically the site of an Iron Age hill fort called Kimsbury, dated around 500-100 BC. Much of the ramparts of the fort are still intact, but the interior of the fort has been heavily quarried. Local legends say that the stone quarried from the site was used to build Gloucester Cathedral.
In 1891 Painswick Golf club was founded. The course was partly built within the fort, using the ramparts to create a testing course. Now the long-distance footpath, the Cotswold Way runs through the site, and with the extensive views of the Severn Vale the fort attracts a lot of walkers.
Oldbury Nuclear Power Station, Severn Vale. 2014
Gloucestershire has been home to two nuclear power stations since the early 1960's. The first nuclear power plant was Berkeley, which opened in 1962 and produced enough energy to supply a city the size of Bristol. After 27 years it was decommissioned, making it the first nuclear power station in the UK to close. The second nuclear power station is at Oldbury, and was built in 1967. This newer power station could produce almost double the electricity that Berkeley could. In 2012 Oldbury was also decommissioned.
The Berkeley site is going through decommissioning, but since 2014 has stored nuclear waste from Oldbury. Berkeley is believed to be cleared between 2070-80. Oldbury site may have a future as a new power plant, after it was selected by the government as one of eight sites suitable for future nuclear power plants.
A48 Nutshell, Forest of Dean. 2015
The A48 starts just outside Gloucester, and follows the River Severn. It stays within Gloucestershire until it reaches the Wales-England border and crosses over the River Wye. This stretch of the road is considered to be one of the most dangerous roads in Europe, with 28 serious collisions and 10 fatal incidents in the last five years.
The River Wye creates the Wales-England border. The A48 and the Gloucester to Newport railway line cross at the same point of the river. The railway bridge was originally designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, and became his design prototype for his Royal Albert Bridge at Saltash, Cornwall.
tedhomer.co.uk / @tedhomer1


I recently read an article that proclaimed the end of mobile apps, insisting that RWD (Responsive Web Design) and Progressive Web Apps (PWA) were the answer to all companies' needs. The author was using app downloads figures to support this allegation. As Frederick Brooks said, there is no miraculous technique (no "silver bullet") in software engineering. Using figures is not so simple and there are many traps that can lead us to false conclusions.
Let's take a look at the different logical biases related to this topic.
Let's imagine that we want to evaluate the user satisfaction for various applications: pure native applications, cross-platform applications, semi-hybrid applications with React Native, "installed" PWAs on Android 6, not-installed PWAs and non-progressive Web App. With these measurements, we would be able to produce a graph with the level of satisfaction on the x-axis while the y-axis represents how close to a "native application" the app is.
Our first graph shows the user satisfaction for each group of application depending on the app technical similarities with native applications.
It is hard to make any precise conclusion, however we can identify a global trend by analyzing the average satisfaction of each group of applications: the most "native" apps seem to be more likely to generate satisfaction.
Depending on the type of application?
Now let's imagine that satisfaction depends on the type of application. In other words, the satisfaction now depends on the category in which you would place each application on an application marketplace.
So it's not so easy, right?
Trends appear to be less obvious.
We quickly realize that the displayed categories are very limited. There is no social networks, for example. So here we have an extremely fragmented view of the market, which can significantly change the relevance of the previous conclusions. This bias is very common in studies that I read here and there. Be careful.
For the sake of the argument, let's assume that this is not a problem for us (in this scenario, we are interested in these exact types of applications) and let's continue the analysis.
Depending on the category, the relationship between customer's satisfaction and the application type is not the same: the best productivity tools and the best games, for example, seem to be appreciated when they feel close to the native feeling. On the other hand, cooking applications which are "native" do not seem to be appreciated by customers. This observation makes sense if we look closely at the application technical requirements: productivity tools often need to read of write files, therefore need a performant way to call the operating system features. In the same way, games need power and a good control of parallel programming, that's why they are developed to the closest of the operating system.
What if the applications do not receive the same funding according to their type or their development platform ? We're going to analyze this possibility and compare the budget allocated to each type of application.
Native applications seem to cost more, which is understandable: they need to be developed on two or three different systems whereas cross-platform or web development can easily be used on different hardwares. But this statement is not an absolute. On this graph, we can see that a high cost for a semi-hybrid office application. It's impossible to know if this cost is a chosen investment or if it's the consequence of a bad choice of technology coupled with stubbornness.
We can also notice another visible trend: we found high costs for eCommerce applications. But we don't know if it's because eCommerce applications are more expensive to develop or if it's because the return on investment is judged more promising.
But then, numbers don't mean anything?
Numbers are very difficult to interpret because causes and effects get muddled up when you mix an underlying technology and a functional need. We have a real paradox here, called the "Yule-Simpson paradox": regardless of the constituent groups (price, objective, satisfaction…), the different correlations observed are not consistent with what is observed in each of the groups. There is a lack of information that influences all factors.
There is a good example which could illustrate this problem, an example that I would call "the impossible application". Imagine an application that will require all your skills, your teams' time and an open access to the native features to create the perfect UX.
So you mobilize your teams, the development is long and expensive and… you fail. Nobody likes it, it's not successfull. You have a perfect example of an application that is expensive to develop, a development which you would never have tried with an hybrid technology but which skews statistics and make you believe that the "native" was not the right solution. Here is the reality : we do not expect the same thing from a native app and an hybrid one.
We can imagine another good example: a client who needs to highly control his application interface. But he doesn't judge relevant to invest in a cross-platform development because he says that ⅔ of mobile users never install applications other than social networks. However, its application was intended for a B2B target which was required to install the application for administrative purposes. This specific target and acquisition strategy completely invalidated the previous statistics.
For now, there is no Big Data algorithm able to take a step back from a need that, most of the time, the sponsor himself does not know how to formalize. It's still necessary to spend time refining the need, analysing it, and to determine, every time, the different solutions (which can not be only technical).
If you want to say that the PWAs are promising and it's time to get interested into them, go ahead (I surely believe in them myself). But I won't say that we must, each time, give up the native applications and market places.


In addition to Enskede IK, 117 other teams from 11 different countries played in Girls 15. They were divided into 29 different groups, whereof Enskede IK could be found in Group 12 together with Barkarö SK, Haslum IL and Umeå Södra FF.
Enskede IK continued to Play off A after reaching 1:st place in Group 12. In the playoff they made it to 1/16 Final, but lost it against Hammarby IF FF with 0-2. In the Final, Hammarby IF FF won over Lerums IS and became the winner of Play off A in Girls 15.


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How best to work with a service pack branch
I have a mainline and a service pack branch. When the ServicePack is released, I merge the service pack branch back to the mainline. It can be that I have made hotfixes to the mainline which are not in the servicepack branch. For the next service pack I want to continue to use the same service pack branch so that I don't need a branch for every service pack, but I need the hotfixes in that branch. How can I make sure that the service pack branch at that point is again an exact copy of the mainline? Or should I create a new service pack branch with for example a version number?
Frans Verschoor (FraternIT)
What's generally done (and what we do during the development of the cloudportal) is the following:
We have a master (trunk, I use these two names interchangeably), branches and tags, obviously. Trunk always represents what's running in production and should always be releasable (considering it should already have been released at some point in time).
Whenever we develop features, we do that in separate branches. The tricky part comes when we want to release, as this may contain zero, one or more feature branches. We branch again from master into a "release" branch. This branch will eventually end up in production. Then we either perform small fixes (in the case of zero new features) and/or merge the changes from the features branches to this release branch. Old merged branches are deleted (it's SVN anyway, so going back should never be a problem).
We then stage & test this release branch, determine whether it's production ready and then put it into production. Release branch is merged back intro trunk and deleted, as it doesn't represent anything anymore.
That being said, that doesn't completely answer your question. You want changes from an upstream branch in your feature branch. So let's say I'm developing some major feature and in the meantime, someone else has released a new version and merged back into trunk. While you 'could' merge those changes directly back into your branch (trunk -> feature-branch) SVN doesn't handle these cases particularly well and can possibly completely fuck up your svn:mergeinfo property. What I prefer to do is rebranch from the current stable trunk (containing the fixes you want), rename my feature branch to something like feature-branch-old and then merging those changes to the new branch. Then delete feature-branch-old and continue developing in the new branch.
As far I know the hotfixes can be merged to the service pack. But that can be confusing, better get to one point (all hotfixes and new functionality) with an official release and start a new service branch from there.
Chris de Gelder


The Oregon State Historic Preservation Office is accepting letters of inquiry for matching grants toward rehabilitation work that supports the preservation of historic resources listed in the National Register of Historic Places or for significant work contributing toward identifying, preserving and/or interpreting archaeological sites.
A pre-application submission and site visit is required.
Once you have submitted a letter of interest, you will be contacted to discuss the project and to perhaps schedule a site visit. You will receive email notification when you have approval to submit an application. The application will be submitted through the same online program.
The required Letter of Intent deadline is April 17, 2019. The application deadline is May 15, 2019.