The word "myth" has come to mean a fictitious tale, superstition or fantasy.
Myths develop over time as stories passed down from generation to generation in an effort to explain the unexplainable. For example, Greek mythology is the collection of stories and teachings explaining the origins of the universe and creation. These narratives are critical in understanding ancient Greek religious and political practices.
Today, we continue to tell stories and create narratives to explain the unexplainable and to answer the unanswerable. The word "addict" has evolved to mean someone who has a compulsive and harmful need for, and use of, a habit-forming substance. Addiction is also characterized by physical symptoms of tolerance and withdrawal.
No one in their right mind would chose to be an addict. All you have to do is sit with someone who is suffering and hear their story to understand the chronic nature of what they carry and how difficult it is to find and stay in recovery. The truth is that addiction is a "chronic disease of the brain . . . reflected in an individual pathologically pursuing reward and/or relief by substance use and other behaviors". Remember, addicts actually suffer from a brain disease and are not fully in their right minds. Instead of being lectured about choice, they need understanding, treatment and long-term recovery support.
Many people erroneously believe that addicts look a certain way or live a certain lifestyle. For example, when asked to picture an addict, many still envision someone who is poor, unemployed, male, minority and living or hanging out on the streets. The truth is that one out of ten people suffer from addiction regardless of socioeconomic status, employment, gender or race. In fact, if we lined up ten people and asked you to pick the person who struggles with addiction, you would not likely be able to tell which one is an addict and which one isn't. None of us can truly say who might be struggling with addiction and who is not. Judging people based on stereotypical views is discriminatory and highly inaccurate, helping no one.
After working with hundreds of families with loved ones who struggle with addiction, I realize addiction has no respect for families. Addicts come from all types of families; bad, mediocre and excellent ones. We as a society need to stop telling the story that an individual suffering from addiction is the product of poor parenting or an unhealthy family situation. The truth is we don't really know what kind of family someone comes from and ought not to assume or place the blame on parents or family members. Blaming causes unmeasurable harm to the recovery process and is never helpful.
After family members have worked through their personal fears of loving someone who suffers from addiction, they can be incredibly helpful in the journey of recovery. Overcoming this fear can be extremely difficult and loved ones often need help and guidance in doing so. Family members who learn to love and care for themselves first in a healthy way, experience a personal recovery journey. As they examine and adjust relational boundaries, they become powerful in their ability to influence and support their loved ones who still suffer as well as those who are working to maintain recovery.
Some people believe there is only one right way to be in recovery. The truth is that people have been finding recovery and discovering their individual path to wellness in a variety of ways for a long time. Almost every day there seems to be a new idea or a new pathway identified from 12 step fellowships, faith-based approaches and medication-assisted therapies to yoga, wellness, and meditation. Given how little we actually know about how and why a person stays in recovery over the long term, it is dangerous to believe there is a one-size-fits-all recovery plan. Remember, what works for one person may not work for another in recovery.
As we continue to confront the validity of the "myths" surrounding addiction, we can learn to be less judgmental and more tolerant of individuals and families impacted by the disease. By telling the "truth" as we currently understand it, the hope is that more people can be supported in finding long-term recovery and wellness in their lives.


feels they do distance learning universities not have enough resources to cope will be more likely to have a stronger reaction, and one that can trigger health problems. Those who work in stressful jobs, such as the military or the emergency services, will have a debriefing session following a major incident, and they will be monitored for ptsd. Joining a choir or a gym helps some people. It can be essential to survival. The person wonders if they will cope.
It's not just a Human Resource (HR) issue, but departmental managers are also equally responsible for managing and motivating their respective cross-cultural workforce for getting the targets achieved and jobs done smoothly.
A Simple, Effective Time, management, system A time management system using a semester planner and a weekly planner.
Blank Fall 2016 Calendar/Semester Planner Shows the whole semester on one page.
Medicines Doctors will not usually prescribe medications for coping with stress, unless the patient has an underlying illness, such as depression or a type of anxiety. Implementation, step-by-step process or actions for solving the problem. Stressors affect individuals in different ways. This is a great way to brainstorm and organize new and creative solutions. Masssage, yoga, or listening to music can help destress or prevent stress from building. We can prepare for stress by learning some self-management tips. Techniques for stress management can be gained from self-help books, online resources, or by attending a stress management course. Scheduling: Use your school calendar to fit in your priorities. A persistently negative response to challenges can have a detrimental effect on health and happiness. Overview, we solve problems and make decisions everyday/all the day: at home, at work, at play, even at the grocery store!
Hence we derive no other feelings from it but fear on the one hand, and hope of reward on the other, and this produces merely a superstitious cult. You may also like essay writing examples, a..
This is due to the inadequate facilities and the lengthy duration of time which asylum seekers are forced to spend in these detention centres. Rather on the contrary, this institution predates the birth of the international..


"paper lists are just more practical. They've given us six reasons why paper beats web; mostly, it comes down to convenience (I really don't want to boot up the PC every time I need to look at my list!)"
I tend to agree. I've tried many computer-based todo list solutions, but unless it is the most simplistic method (a running text file of current todos), the complexity involved with checking the list sometimes defeats the purpose, unless the list is complex enough to warrant some sort of meta features a simple piece of paper wouldn't be able to provide. I've been liking the flyspray product over the past year or two.


text:
Avoiding a worst-case scenario: EU security and defence in the new decade
Jacob Stokes | Europe and Eurasia Fellow
Image Credit: Pietro Naj-Oleari - European Parliament (CC)
Increased defence spending in Asia, most notably in China and India, has shifted the centre of gravity of defence spending away from Europe and the U.S. and towards Asia and the Middle East. Asia overtook Europe in defence spending in 2012 with China alone expected to outspend a post-Brexit EU by early 2020. There has been a severe lack of motivation by EU members to commit to increased defence funding. European members of NATO have begrudgingly upped defence spending following repeated criticism from President Trump. However, nationalist sentiments have made contributing to, or even agreeing upon, collective EU defence initiatives difficult. This could have disastrous ramifications for the EU into the new decade, as the following hypotheticals illustrate.
As nationalist thinking prevails, Member States will lack the ambition to build towards a more assertive and defensively secure Europe, focused instead on domestic issues such as border management and reduced austerity measures. Insufficient defence spending will lead to Member States possessing inadequate defence capabilities, not ideal in a time when investment in new forms of defence technologies, including artificial intelligence and biological warfare, is rising. This leaves Europe unprepared and exposed to transnational terrorist groups and non-state actors, further exacerbating anti-EU sentiments if attacks increase in frequency.
A defensively weak and unstable EU would then become even more reliant on the U.S. for its security and defence. A despondent U.S., tired of being burdened with the responsibility of the safety and enduring existence of an entire political and economic entity, shifts its focus towards combating China's influence in the Indo-Pacific. U.S. troops are pulled from all NATO states below the 2 per cent NATO defence spending threshold and U.S. involvement in joint NATO exercises declines.
Such an event would have severe repercussions on the EU's credibility as a global actor. Lacking the capability to effectively defend itself and unable to agree upon a long-term strategy for dealing with impending security challenges, Member States close their borders and withdraw from Schengen in an attempt to deal with cross-border threats.
This is, of course, a worst-case scenario. However, it does seek to highlight the importance of the development of a collective and ambitious EU security and defence policy. While the failure to do so may not result in the exact events speculated above, inaction will not go unpunished. It is vital EU Member States come together to adopt an improved European Agenda for Security.
Some positive steps have already been taken by the EU over the past few years. A permanent military operational headquarters, the Military Planning and Conduct Capability, was established in 2017 to help streamline the military chain of command, improve crisis response, and reduce operational costs. A further aspect of the EU's security and defence policy, the Permanent Structured Cooperation, has also allowed Member States to deepen defence cooperation, with the aim of joint development of defence capabilities and maximising the effectiveness of defence spending. These agencies can help lay the foundations for a more secure and defensively capable Europe in the next decade. However, more work is needed.
The EU must develop an improved shared strategic security and defence culture, reinforced through joint military operations, defence education and training, and comparable defence capabilities across all Member States. Doing so will allow Member States to gain a greater understanding of what can and should be done with regards to security, a sentiment which would translate into the cohesive and unified defence white paper needed to solidify security and defence. Without this, it is unlikely that the EU will be capable of adequately responding to the global security challenges of the 2020s.
Jacob Stokes is the Europe and Eurasia Fellow for Young Australians in International Affairs.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Lawmakers and Legal Experts Call For Restraint in Wikileaks Hearing
News Update by Marcia Hofmann
The House Judiciary Committee held a surprisingly subdued hearing this morning on the legal and constitutional issues surrounding Wikileaks' publication activities. Committee members repeatedly emphasized the importance of protecting First Amendment rights and cautioned against overreaction to Wikileaks. The seven legal experts called to testify agreed, almost all of them noting that:
Excessive government secrecy is a serious problem that needs to be fixed,
It's critically important to protect freedom of expression and the press, and
The government should be extremely cautious about pursuing any prosecutions under the Espionage Act or any legislation that would expand that law, which is already poorly written and could easily be applied in ways that would be unconstitutional.
EFF agrees, and hopes that this hearing will dissuade the House from adopting rash legislation in the wake of Wikileaks' recent publications.
To learn more, take a look at the full video of the hearing, the witnesses' written testimony, and EFF's tweets throughout the morning.
Deeplinks Blog by rainey Reitman | January 4, 2021
EFF Statement on British Court's Rejection of Trump Administration's Extradition Request for Wikileaks' Julian Assange
Today, a British judge denied the Trump Administration's extradition request for Wikileaks Editor Julian Assange, who is facing charges in the United States under the Espionage Act and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. The judge largely confirmed the charges against him, but ultimately determined that the United...
Deeplinks Blog by rainey Reitman | October 7, 2020
The Selective Prosecution of Julian Assange
As the extradition hearing for Wikileaks Editor-in-Chief Julian Assange unfolds, it is increasingly clear that the prosecution of Assange fits into a pattern of governments selectively enforcing laws in order to punish those who provoke their ire. As we see in Assange's case and in many others before this, computer...
Deeplinks Blog by rainey Reitman, Kurt Opsahl | July 1, 2020
Wikileaks-Hosted "Most Wanted Leaks" Reflects the Transparency Priorities of Public Contributors
The government recently released a superseding indictment[1] against Wikileaks editor in chief Julian Assange, currently imprisoned and awaiting extradition in the United Kingdom. As we've written before, this prosecution poses a clear threat to journalism, and, whether or not Assange considers himself a journalist, the indictment ...
Deeplinks Blog by David Greene, Kurt Opsahl | May 24, 2019
The Government's Indictment of Julian Assange Poses a Clear and Present Danger to Journalism, the Freedom of the Press, and Freedom of Speech
The century-old tradition that the Espionage Act not be used against journalistic activities has now been broken. Seventeen new charges were filed yesterday against Wikileaks founder Julian Assange. These new charges make clear that he is being prosecuted for basic journalistic tasks, including being openly available to receive...
Deeplinks Blog by Danny O'Brien | April 16, 2019
The Ecuadorean Authorities Have No Reason to Detain Free Software Developer Ola Bini
Hours after the ejection of Julian Assange from the London Ecuadorean embassy last week, police officers in Ecuador detained the Swedish citizen and open source developer Ola Bini. They seized him as he prepared to travel from his home in Quito to Japan, claiming that he was attempting...
Deeplinks Blog by Cindy Cohn | April 16, 2019
Julian Assange's Prosecution is about Much More Than Attempting to Hack a Password
The recent arrest of Wikileaks editor Julian Assange surprised many by hinging on one charge: a Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) charge for a single, unsuccessful attempt to reverse engineer a password. This might not be the only charge Assange ultimately faces. The government can add more...
EFF Statement on Assange Indictment and Arrest
While the indictment of Julian Assange centers on an alleged attempt to break a password—an attempt that was not apparently successful—it is still, at root, an attack on the publication of leaked material and the most recent act in an almost decade-long effort to punish a whistleblower and the...
Deeplinks Blog by Grayson Clary | June 14, 2017
The Espionage Act: One Hundred Years of Murky Law
June 15, 2017 is the 100th anniversary of the passage of the Espionage Act. Earlier this year, as if to commemorate the centennial, President Trump suggested to then-FBI Director James Comey that he extend the Act into new territory—that he use it to prosecute journalists.
While ...
Deeplinks Blog by Priscilla Guo | June 14, 2017
The Espionage Act's Troubling Origins
One hundred years ago, President Woodrow Wilson signed the Espionage Act into law, and since then it has been used to criminalize the disclosure of national defense and classified information.
Dissent-Stifling Roots
At the turn of the 20th century, anti-immigrant, xenophobic sentiments dominated national rhetoric and...
Deeplinks Blog by David Greene | June 14, 2017
As the Espionage Act Turns 100, We Condemn Threats Against Wikileaks
The federal law that is commonly used to prosecute leakers marks its 100th birthday on June 15,2017.
Signed into law on June 15, 1917, the Espionage Act 18 U.S.C. § 792 et seq., was Congress's response to a fear that public criticism of U.S. participation in World...


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For more information about us and what we do, please visit the about page.


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Temporary foreign workers prepare to leave the country | CBC News Loaded
Temporary foreign workers prepare to leave the country
Thousands of temporary foreign workers' permits expire today and they'll have to leave the country.
Health care top of mind for foreign workers being forced to leave after permits expire
CBC News · Posted: Mar 31, 2015 9:33 PM EDT | Last Updated: April 1, 2015
Mary-Ann Salilican, a temporary foreign worker who moved to Canada from the Philippines six years ago, says she considers Canada her home now. She says she breaks down in tears when she thinks about having to leave. (CBC)
They're packing their bags, but they're not ready to go.
Thousands of temporary foreign workers will see their permits expire on Wednesday, and they'll have to leave the country.
In 2011, the federal government changed the rules — giving temporary foreign workers in low-skilled jobs the option to apply to become permanent residents or leave the country after their permits expire.
But many of those who wish to stay are still waiting for the paperwork to be processed, leaving them in limbo.
Mary-Ann Salilican moved to Canada from the Philippines six years and six months ago, and she hoped to live out her life here.
"I'm scared," she said. "I don't know what will happen tomorrow. I don't want to go home for good."
Salilican said she doesn't think she'll be able to find a job in the Philippines, which would mean the family she has been supporting for years will suffer.
"I always cry, because I don't know what will happen to my life, and my niece and nephews who I support to go to school."
April 1 deadline
The government has not revealed how many people will have to leave by the April 1 deadline, but some advocacy groups estimate it could be as many as 70,000 countrywide.
"Those dreams of staying in Canada are all gone," said Marco Lucinao with Migrante Alberta, a group that works with temporary foreign workers.
Lucinao's group has been trying to keep temporary workers informed about their rights, including health-care options if they decide to stay illegally. He said many are confused about the rules and what steps are needed to become permanent citizens.
"These are also people. It's our responsibility as human beings to help others."
Maria Victoria Venancio was left in a wheelchair after being hit by a car on her way to work as a temporary foreign worker. Because she can't work, she is now in Canada illegally, and without health care. (CBC)
One extreme case involves Maria Victoria Venancio, who came to Canada from the Philippines in 2011 to work at McDonalds. Two years ago, she was hit by a car while biking to her job. The accident left her in a wheelchair and unable to work.
She could not renew her work visa because of her injuries and is now living in the country illegally and without health care.
Venancio said she's still holding out hope the government will make an exception, because she was hurt while working here.
"This not fair for the people who work hard for this country," she said.
Grizel Marron has lived in Edmonton for five years and gave birth to her son, Ghian Zach, nine months ago.
She said she's afraid to go home, where she won't be able to afford the same quality of health care for her baby.
"I need to stay for my baby's future," she said at an information session for temporary foreign workers on Tuesday.
'It makes victims of migrant workers'
Clarizze Truscott was at the session to answer questions as a spokeswoman for the Temporary Foreign Work Support Coalition.
(Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada)
She said she has been touched by countless stories about workers. Her group is lobbying the government to provide permanent status for all temporary foreign workers and their children.
She said the temporary foreign worker program as it stands now treats people as disposable.
"It makes victims of innocent migrant workers and their children who are caught in this mess," she said.
In September, then employment minister, Jason Kenney said the changes to the program were necessary to make sure Canadians get first access to available jobs.
Despite the deadline, Salilican refuses to give up her Canadian dream.
She's now appealing to the federal government on humanitarian grounds, because she said going back to the Philippines will be more like leaving home than going back.
'A lot' of TFWs must leave Canada on April 1 as visas expire, but how many?
Quadriplegic temporary foreign worker may have to leave Canada
Jason Kenney defends temporary foreign worker program reforms


We are delighted to welcome Oldham Seals Limited as a new member of the BFPA. The company is based in The company is based in Chichester, West Sussex and designs and manufactures a range of Jetpac® flexible rubber hoses and expansion bellows for use in high and low pressure applications. Our newest BFPDA member is Teichmeister Limited; the company has a depot in Coulsdon in Surrey and offers a mobile hydraulic hose repair service across the South of England.
Congratulations to BFPA member Webtec for their recent prestigious Investors in People Award, and to BFPA member Camozzi UK who recently celebrated the company's 25th anniversary in the UK by hosting a golf day for its customers and staff.


text:
namespace NWebDav.Server.Logging
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The log level specifies the priority of the log event.
    /// </summary>
    public enum LogLevel
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Debug level designates fine-grained informational events that are most useful to debug an application.
        /// </summary>
        Debug,

        /// <summary>
        /// Info level designates informational messages that highlight the progress of the application at coarse-grained level.
        /// </summary>
        Info,

        /// <summary>
        /// Warning level designates potentially harmful situations.
        /// </summary>
        Warning,

        /// <summary>
        /// Error level designates error events that might still allow the application to continue running.
        /// </summary>
        Error,

        /// <summary>
        /// Fatal level designates very severe error events that will presumably lead the application to abort.
        /// </summary>
        Fatal
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


You can stop reading... That is really all I have to say if it is all stripped down to the most basic idea, but if you want to know why I want people to print their photos out read on.
We have lots of photos in our lives. In fact, there are far more than any time in the past as it gets easier and easier to compile them, but less and less are actually printed out in a physical form. Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, etc… all are places where photos exist for varying lengths of time and are viewed by all our friends and family and possibly even some other people we don't really know. There is the potential that these digital photos could end up getting lost or destroyed as some recent articles have reported. So, what does this mean to those of us that have large amounts of these digital photos sitting around?
Why should we care though? Do the photos we take mean less because there are more of them? Are they replaceable because we can just re-take them instantly on a smartphone?
I really believe that there are certain photos that mean more and deserve to be better preserved than sitting on a public server somewhere that may not exist in 10 years. The best and most valuable images that we create deserve better because they may not be instantly replaceable. Printing out all of the photos is expensive and unrealistic, but looking for our favorite ones and saving them in a physical representation could be something that our future selves may be glad we did!
I am also a big fan of printing big. It makes an impact on someone to see a wall sized image of something or someone. These large prints are expensive to make and hang so its not something to do with all of our photos. It costs a lot to make big impacts and it also costs a lot not to. If you are only making 4x6 prints then you are losing detail in the image because the physical size isn't big enough to retain it all. Most prints are done at about 300 dpi which means it only holds enough detail to fully represent a 2 megapixel image. Even our smartphones make 8 megapixel images today! These big prints do cost us money, but when you walk into a room where your photo is taking up a large chunk of wall space the value can truly be seen.
I printed this one as a 20x30 from a trip to Colorado last winter.
There is a lot about printing photos out there if you decide to make the jump into doing so. I would highly recommend doing exactly that. I hope that this was enough of a call to action to get one of you to start printing memories out. Our parents and grandparents have images of their lives stored away and they didn't have the access to creating them like we do today. It really is easy to do and cheaper than it was 10 years ago. We don't know what will happen to our digital files, but we can have a much better idea of what will happen to those that we print out and display in a more permanent way.
The four images above I have had printed out to the maximum size that is allowable for a recent photo competition because a big print is something that makes an impact on someone that can't be done with a similar image on a smaller print. I don't think a big print will make a bad photo great, but it will make a good photo look better. It says that this was worth making big and showing it on a scale that demonstrates its value.


Vioxx is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The COX-2 enzyme controls the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin E2, a hormone that produces inflammation.
Vioxx has most recently been approved for the relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in adults. The drug was initially approved in 1999 for the relief of osteoarthritis, the management of acute pain in adults, and the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain).
Vioxx is available as a tablet or in a liquid formulation.
Vioxx was evaluated as an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in two 12-week, placebo- and active-controlled trials that included approximately 2,000 subjects. Results demonstrated that Vioxx was superior to a placebo in the following measurements: number of tender joints, number of swollen joints, and patient and physician global assessments of disease activity. Additionally, Vioxx was more effective than placebo according to the American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) Responder Index. In terms of the active control, Vioxx 25 mg once daily was generally similar to naproxen 500 mg twice daily in the treatment of RA.
Vioxx was evaluated in placebo- and active-controlled trials for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip. The trials enrolled approximately 3,900 OA subjects and were six to 86 weeks in duration. Treatment with Vioxx 12.5 mg and 25 mg once daily produced improvement in patient and physician global assessments and in the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) osteoarthritis questionnaire. In all OA clinical studies, once-daily treatment in the morning with Vioxx 12.5 mg and 25 mg was associated with a significant reduction in joint stiffness upon first awakening in the morning. Additionally, Vioxx (at 12.5 mg and 25 mg doses) was shown to be comparable to ibuprofen 800 mg TID and diclofenac 50 mg TID in the treatment of the signs and symptoms of OA.
Vioxx was shown to relieve pain in acute analgesic models of post-operative dental pain, post-orthopedic surgical pain, and primary dysmenorrhea. The effect of a single 50-mg dose of Vioxx in providing pain relief was generally similar to 550 mg of naproxen sodium or 400 mg of ibuprofen. A single 50-mg dose of Vioxx produced an onset of pain relief within 45 minutes in single-dose post-operative dental pain studies. In a multiple-dose study of post-orthopedic surgical pain, subjects received Vioxx or a placebo for up to five days. Study results demonstrated that 50 mg of Vioxx once daily was effective in reducing pain, and Vioxx-treated subjects took a significantly smaller amount of additional pain medication than subjects treated with placebo.
Additionally, rare but serious side effects have been reported in patients receiving Vioxx and/or related medications. These include stomach problems, such as stomach and intestinal bleeding, heart attacks, allergic reactions and skin reactions.
For additional information on Vioxx, please visit the product web site at www.vioxx.com.


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Sarah Harris promoted to Deputy Editor at Vogue
Sarah Harris has been promoted to Deputy Editor of British Vogue with immediate effect, following her recent return from maternity leave.
Sarah has been part of the British Vogue team since 2003 when she joined as Fashion Features Editor. Sarah will report directly to Editor-in-Chief, Edward Enninful.
In the newly created role, Sarah will continue to oversee all fashion features whilst working closely with Edward in delivering British Vogue's new editorial vision and building on its global reputation for diversity, say the publishers.
Enninful commented: "Sarah brings a wealth of fashion journalism experience to the newly created role, which alongside her key relationships within the fashion industry ensures British Vogue remains at the forefront of bold and glamorous content."
Harris added: "I am delighted to return to British Vogue as Deputy Editor and to work alongside Edward Enninful, who in a short amount of time has masterfully set out his vision for the next chapter of the Vogue brand."
In addition to the promotion of Sarah Harris, Julia Sarr-Jamois has been appointed Fashion Editor-at-Large and Gianluca Longo has been appointed Contributing Style Editor.
Consumer media Editorial appointments Editorial/content creation
Seven smart digital strategies
Condé Nast promotes Madeleine Wilson
Immediate launches In The Moment in Italy
Dennis to launch The Week Junior in USA
Changes to Bauer's top team
TI Media launches New Shopping Service for Homes Magazines
Future appoints new Chairman


Written by Scott Joseph on 02 June 2016 on 02 June 2016 .
The Peppy Bistro has taken over the College Park space that for several years was the Mexican restaurant Paxia. And just to clear things up right away, the name does not connote an emotion but rather the name of the owner, Jerry Peppy.
It wants to be known as a fusion restaurant but we've discussed this before and I won't go into it again. Suffice to say that it has Italian, Mediterranean and American dishes with a fajita thrown in for good measure and none of it fused.
Things started well with an appetizer of fried Calamari. The breading was light and crisped and the squid rings and squidlets were mostly tender. Eleven bucks seemed a bit stiff for the serving, however.
The Peppy Meatball appetizer is described on the menu as "giant," but that doesn't do justice to the size. It was less of a meatball than it was a full-sized meatloaf rounded a bit to resemble a marinara-covered bocce ball. It was a good meatball, as long as you didn't try to stuff the whole thing in your mouth. The blend of beef and other accouterments was balanced, and the red sauce, topped with ricotta cheese, was good and pulpy.
Things fell apart a bit with the entrees. I ordered the Paella and what I was served certainly resembled the classic Spanish rice dish. And there were representations of mussels, clams, shrimp, pimento and sausage in the saffron colored rice. But there was no integration of flavors such as you get with a classic paella, with all of the ingredients cooking together over time. It was as if all of the seafoods and rice components had been cooked separately and tossed together when ordered.
Similarly, the Pappardelle alla Vodka dish that came with grilled chicken. The thick ribbons of pasta were nicely blended with the delicately flavored sauce. But the grilled chicken was simply sliced and placed atop the noodles. Not much creativity there.
I liked our server. She was pleasant and good natured and answered questions easily.
The restaurant is split into a dining side and a bar side. The bar side seems more fun and I wish I had dined there.
The Peppy Bistro is at 2611 Edgewater Drive, Orlando. It is open for lunch and dinner Monday through Saturday. The phone number is 407-420-1144. Note to management: You may want to check the map on the directions page of your website.


The Texas Alliance for Minorities in Engineering recently sought a friendly, organized professional to fill the role of Trailblazer Program Coordinator. Thank you for your interest, this position has been filled. To volunteer with our Trailblazer, please email at programs@tame.org or call 512.471.6100 to learn more about volunteer opportunities in your area.


text:
Tag: Four Tops
Posted on June 21, 2015 February 2, 2018
Black History: 100 Greatest Black Musicians – Part III
For the past two weeks, I've presented the special DJRob Black Music Month countdown of the 100 Greatest Black Musicians of All Time.
It's a countdown of black artists who have (in my humble opinion) contributed the most to American music over the past nearly 100 years.
Over that time, African-American musicians have made strides in many genres of popular music, including rock and roll, blues, jazz, pop, country, gospel and even opera. Hence, the countdown is not limited to R&B, soul or hip-hop music. It considers all genres and all eras of the post WWII era of recorded music history. Instrumentalists and vocalists, groups and solo artists alike were all deemed eligible for the rankings. What better way to pay tribute to all these legendary performers than by remembering their many contributions to popular music and culture with a special countdown.
As mentioned in Part I of this series, I used the following criteria in coming up with this set of rankings:
Musical Influence
Innovation/Invention
Longevity/Endurance
Record Sales/Chart Performance
Historic Significance/Accomplishments
Contribution to others' success
We are halfway through the list with two more weeks to go. This week I have positions 50 – 26. By the end of June, I'll be posting the top 25 greatest black musicians of all time. Between this article and Part 4, I'll also have a special ranking of the top 20 black music producers/songwriters of all time.
To see positions 100 – 76, please follow this link: Part I
To see positions 75 – 51, please follow this link: Part II
You can also hear the music by all the artists by clicking here: Nos. 100-76; and here: Nos. 75-51, to access my special Spotify playlists of all the memorable songs mentioned in the articles.
Now let's pick up with Part III of my special countdown of the 100 Greatest Black Musicans of All Time, with numbers 50 – 26:
John Coltrane's rendition of "My Favorite Things" is 13 minutes of pure listening pleasure.
50. John Coltrane. Why he's on the list: I'm listening to his "My Favorite Things" as I type this and I'm wondering if he shouldn't be ranked higher. Perhaps the most complex jazz musician that ever lived, Coltrane was certainly one of the most influential. He specialized in saxophone – playing tenor, alto and soprano sax – and his name is synonymous with many forms of jazz, including sub genres like avant-garde, hard bop, modal jazz and free jazz. He's played with the likes of Miles Davis and Thelonious Monk, both of whom are also on this list of greatest musicians. Coltrane died young (age 40 in 1967), but his legacy has certainly lived on and, in fact, has grown in the decades since. Memorable songs: "My Favorite Things," "Giant Steps," "Naima," "Equinox," "A Love Supreme" and "My One and Only Love" (with Johnny Hartman).
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame legend Al Green achieved all of his biggest hits in the 1970s in a musical partnership with producer Willie Mitchell.
49. Al Green. Why he's on the list: The Reverend Al Green is on many lists, including Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time (#66), the Songwriters Hall of Fame, the Gospel Music Association's Gospel Music Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He also is a Lifetime Achievement Award recipient from BET, has a BMI Icon Award and most recently became a Kennedy Center Honors recipient. He has eight Grammys for his gospel performances alone and is considered one of "the Last of the Great Soul Singers." Memorable songs: "Tired of Being Alone," "Let's Stay Together," "I'm Still in Love with You," "You Ought to be with Me," "Call Me (Come Back Home)," "Love and Happiness," "Look What You Done For Me" and "Full of Fire."
Count Basie is one of the four legendary artists called out in Stevie Wonder's classic #1 hit, "Sir Duke," from 1977.
48. Count Basie. Why he's on the list: The legendary Count Basie was a pianist and organist who started his own jazz orchestra in 1936 and led it for nearly 50 years (until his death in 1984). According to Wikipedia, Basie (with his band) innovated the use of two 'split' tenor saxophones (a tenor sax player on either side of an alto sax player) at a time when most bands had just one tenor. He also was noted for "emphasizing the rhythm section, and riffing with a big band," among other innovations. In fact, Basie was key to the success of the big band and swing music eras. As a testament to his stature in the jazz community, he either performed or recorded with the likes of Dizzy Gillespie, Duke Ellington, Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Quincy Jones and Sarah Vaughan. His Grammy Award winnings for jazz performances spans 26 years (from 1958 to '84). Memorable songs: "One O'Clock Jump," "April in Paris," "Lil' Darlin'," "Splanky," "Sleepwalker's Serenade" and "Ain't Misbehavin'" (with Ella Fitzgerald).
Forever known for their Motown hits, the Four Tops also had a respectable run of hits during their association with ABC/Dunhill during the '70s.
47. Four Tops. Why they're on the list: Except for the Temptations, this was Motown Records premier male recording group during the 1960s, racking up hit record after hit record with a slew of songs created by the legendary Holland-Dozier-Holland. Unlike most of the groups on this list, they maintained their original lineup of Levi Stubbs (lead singer), Duke Fakir, Obie Benson and Lawrence Payton for 44 years (from 1953 – 97) until the issue was forced with the death of Payton in '97. Benson and Stubbs died afterwards, leaving Fakir as the only original member. When H-D-H left Motown's stable of writers in 1967, the hits slowed down for the Four Tops. But they had renewed success when they left Motown for ABC-Dunhill in the 1970s, which continued with Casablanca Records in the 1980s. Memorable songs: "Baby I Need Your Loving," "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)," "It's the Same Old Song," "Reach Out I'll Be There," "Standing in the Shadows of Love," "Bernadette," "Walk Away Renee," "Still Water (Love)," "Keeper of the Castle," "Ain't No Woman (Like the One I've Got" and "When She Was My Girl."
The late Donna Summer is arguably the biggest disco star ever. She may be the only disco solo act ever inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
46. Donna Summer. Why she's on the list: There are several artists on this list who can lay claim to one royal crown or another. However, there will never be another Queen of Disco, the crown Summer earned during the late 1970s. From the time she moaned her way onto radio with "Love to Love You Baby" in 1975 to the end of the decade when her Bad Girls LP became the 2nd-biggest disco album in history (behind "Saturday Night Fever"), the late Donna Summer practically owned the genre. She even extended its life when she gave disco a rock-leaning edge ("Hot Stuff" and "Bad Girls") – a move that likely allowed her not to become an industry casualty when disco was declared dead merely months after Bad Girls fizzled out. She managed to succeed well into the 1980s. Memorable songs: the above-mentioned plus "Spring Affair," "I Feel Love," "Last Dance," "MacArthur Park," "Dim All the Lights," "Love is in Control (Finger on the Trigger)," "State of Independence" and "This Time I Know It's For Real."
Dinah Washington was one of the earliest black crossover artists during the 1950s.
45. Dinah Washington. Why she's on the list: In her short 39 years of living, she left her mark by recorded in a number of musical styles including jazz, blues, R&B and pop. She was considered the most successful black female recording artist of the 1950s and was so popular that she was sometimes criticized for allegedly "selling out" to commercialism. She gave herself the title "Queen of the Blues" and she essentially lived up to it. In 1993, she was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, a fitting recognition for this artist who was cited as an influence by many, including Aretha Franklin. Memorable songs:"I Wanna Be Loved," "What a Diff'rence a Day Made," "Baby (You've Got What It Takes)," "A Rockin' Good Way (To Mess Around and Fall In Love)," "September in the Rain," and "Is You Is or Is You Ain't My Baby."
As of this typing, we're only 10 days from the tenth anniversary of Luther Vandross' passing (July 1, 2005).
44. Luther Vandross. Why he's on the list: Because he's Luther. A better question may be why he's not ranked higher. The answer to that one is tough competition. Still, Luther Vandross was the premier R&B vocalist of his generation, even if he didn't always have the chart numbers to prove it. He "only" had six Number One songs on the R&B chart (and none topped the pop chart – a fact that reportedly always bothered Vandross). By comparison, Freddie Jackson, who had ten #1 R&B singles during the same timeframe, didn't make this list. That's because we're still hearing and singing many of Luther's hits today. Vandross, the man with three lives (first as a background singer and commercial jingle artist, then as a studio singer with groups like Chic and Change, and finally as a solo artist), achieved his greatest success with his Epic Records catalog between 1981 and '91. He wrote some of his own music but had the enviable ability to remake others' hits into his own signature tunes. Classic examples include "Superstar" (Carpenters) and "A House is Not a Home" (Dionne Warwick). Other memorable songs: "Searchin'" and "The Glow of Love" (with Change); "Never Too Much," "Bad Boy (Havin' A Party)," "Forever, For Always, For Love," "Better Love," "Wait for Love," "Stop to Love," "There's Nothing Better Than Love," "Here and Now," "Power of Love/Love Power," "Dance With My Father."
The many faces of the late Dizzy Gillespie usually bore one strong common feature: those bulging cheeks.
43. Dizzy Gillespie. Why he's on the list: As a child, I used to refer to Gillespie as the man with muscles in his cheeks. And those "muscles" helped make him one of the most celebrated and complex jazz trumpeters in music history. According to Wikipedia, Gillespie was a "trumpet virtuoso and improviser…adding layers of harmonic complexity previously unheard of in jazz. His beret and horn-rimmed spectacles, his scat singing, his bent horn, pouched cheeks and his light-hearted personality were essential in popularizing bebop." He taught and influenced many other musicians, including Miles Davis, Chuck Mangione and Wynton Marsalis. From 1937 to '92 as a lead artist, he released nearly 90 albums. He also performed or recorded as a sideman (or featured artist) with many greats including Cab Calloway, Ella Fitzgerald, Billy Eckstine, Duke Ellington, Quincy Jones and even Stevie Wonder ("Do I Do"). Memorable songs: "A Night in Tunisia," "Tin Tin Deo," "Be Bop," "Salt Peanuts," "Groovin' High" and "Autumn Leaves."
The late Barry White could arguably be considered the founder of Disco music, with lush strings and four-on-the-floor bass drum arrangements on many of his early hits.
42. Barry White. Why he's on the list: The "Maestro" Barry White innovated an approach to R&B that was instrumental in advancing the cause for disco music in its earliest days. During the first half of the 1970s, White infused full string sections into his otherwise R&B-flavored hits and gave them enough of a pop edge to crossover and sell millions of copies in the process. It often goes unsaid, but if it hadn't been for the success of songs like "Love's Theme," "Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe," and "You're the First, the Last, My Everything" in 1974, disco music may not have had the success it achieved later in the decade with songs by the Bee Gees, Donna Summer, Gloria Gaynor and many others. But we'd be remiss in referring to Barry White as a disco artist. He was much more. His brand of R&B and pop was characterized by full orchestral arrangements and even more unique accompanying rhythm tracks. White's influence on American music was immeasurable and his death on the Fourth of July, 2003, only punctuated his status as an American music icon. Memorable songs: the above-mentioned, plus "I'm Gonna Love You Just a Little More Baby," "Never, Never Gonna Give Ya Up," "What Am I Gonna Do With You," "It's Ecstasy (When You Lay Down Next to Me)," "Oh What A Night For Dancin'," "Your Sweetness Is My Weakness," "The Secret Garden" (with Quincy Jones) and "Practice What You Preach."
The late Jackie Wilson was immortalized in the joint-Marvin Gaye tribute song "Nightshift" by the Commodores in 1984, shortly after Wilson's and Gaye's deaths.
41. Jackie Wilson. Why he's on the list: If there ever was a distinction between Rhythm & Blues (or R&B) and soul music, those lines were forever blurred when the late Jackie Wilson came along. "Mr. Excitement," as he was known, was an important figure in the transition of R&B (primarily the 1940s and '50s genre) into soul (1960s and '70s). His nickname was attributed to him due to the fervor with which he performed on stage, often doing splits, spins, slides, and even back-flips, dynamic dance moves that later inspired such legends as James Brown, Michael Jackson and Elvis Presley. His music repertoire was nothing to sneeze at either. He recorded over 50 hit singles, including six #1 R&B hits and 14 top-20 pop hits. Memorable songs: "Lonely Teardrops," "Doggin' Around," "Night," "Baby Workout" and "(Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher."
The late Curtis Mayfield was one of several artists on this list whose deaths followed tragic incidents which affected their quality of life during their last years.
40. Curtis Mayfield/Impressions. Why he's on the list: The late Mayfield was an icon among icons and is one of the few artists to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice – once for his work with the Impressions, and then as a solo artist. His work with the Impressions essentially established the group as a soulful, socially-conscious band whose records often included messages of hope and encouragement for a downtrodden race of people during the civil rights era. Some of those songs still resonate today with the increasingly tense race relations in America and the seemingly weekly reminders that the country still hasn't evolved from where it was 50 years ago during Mayfield's heyday. During his very successful solo career in the '70s, he scored the highly successful Superfly and Claudine soundtracks as well as several hits for others, including Gladys Knight and Aretha Franklin. Memorable songs: "It's All Right," "Keep on Pushing," "Amen," "People Get Ready" and "We're a Winner" (all with the Impressions); and "(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below We're All Going to Go," "Freddie's Dead," "Superfly," "Pusherman" and "Kung Fu."
Chaka Khan was at least five different women in her classic video for "I'm Every Woman," a song remade – with Khan's blessing – by the late Whitney Houston in 1992.
39. Chaka Khan/Rufus. Why she/they are on the list: The group Rufus, featuring Chaka Khan, emerged in 1974 with "Tell Me Something Good," and followed that with tunes that became R&B radio staples during the second half of the decade. However, it wasn't until the legendary Chaka Khan broke out on her own that people really began to appreciate what made Rufus so special. After recording her iconic "I'm Every Woman" in 1978, she did double duty as a solo artist and as Rufus' lead singer until she left the group for good in 1983. Khan has reportedly sold 70 million records worldwide (including hits with Rufus), and has often been dubbed the "Queen of Funk." Her last commercially viable album, 2007's Funk This, bears witness to this. I had the privilege of seeing Khan perform a concert in 2012 and she was in top form, performing the songs in their original keys and with an energy that did their original versions justice. Memorable songs: "Tell Me Something Good," "You Got the Love," "Once You Get Started," "Sweet Thing," "Fools Paradise," "At Midnight (My Love Will Lift You Up)," "Hollywood," "Everlasting Love," "Stay," "Do You Love What You Feel," "Ain't Nobody" (all with Rufus); "I'm Every Woman," "Clouds," "Papillon (a/k/a Hot Butterfly)," "What 'Cha Gonna Do For Me," "Got To Be There," "I Feel For You," "Through the Fire" and "Angel."
George Clinton hasn't reaped all the financial benefits of his classic repertoire of hits from the 1970s, but many rap musicians have.
38. George Clinton/Parliament/Funkadelic/Bootsy Collins. Why he/they are on the list: Funk music pioneer George Clinton and his dual ensembles Parliament and Funkadelic have had a profound impact on popular music that cannot be overstated. It is reported that Clinton's music is the 2nd-most sampled in hip-hop behind that of James Brown. Using Brown and Sly Stone as influences, Clinton forged a unique style of funk from the mid-1970s to early '80s that experimented with technology (mostly keyboards and synthesizers) and which allowed him to stand alone in the funk music field. He and his P-funk associates (including for a time, Bootsy Collins) regularly churned out hit after hit, including six Number One R&B singles ("Flashlight," "Bootzilla," "One Nation Under a Groove," "Aqua Boogie," "(Not Just) Knee Deep" and "Atomic Dog"). Clinton, Collins and 13 other members of the Parliament-Funkadelic entourage were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997. Memorable songs: the #1 tunes mentioned above, along with "Chocolate City," "Tear the Roof off the Sucker (Give up the Funk)," "P. Funk (Wants to Get Funked Up)," "Theme from the Black Hole," "Agony of DeFeet" (all Parliament); "Cholly (Funk Getting Ready to Roll!)" (Funkadelic); and "The Pinocchio Theory" (Bootsy's Rubber Band).
Dionne Warwick is one of the most accomplished singers of all time, with a chart run spanning nearly 30 years.
37. Dionne Warwick. Why she's on the list: Warwick is one of the most enduring artists of all time, having begun her career in 1962 (professionally) and having #1 pop hits as late as 1986 ("That's What Friends Are For"). Excluding album cuts and songs by featured acts, Dionne Warwick has charted more singles on the pop chart than any woman other than Aretha Franklin. She's also sold over 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the biggest-selling acts of any genre of all time. By teaming with the legendary songwriting/production team of Hal David and Burt Bacharach, Warwick began a partnership that produced many 1960s classics, several of which have been remade by other artists ("Walk On By," " A House is Not a Home," "Don't Make Me Over," "Anyone Who Had a Heart," "I Say a Little Prayer" just to name a few). She is often relegated to being "Whitney Houston's cousin," but I view that as a slight, after all Dionne came first, and her catalog certainly stands alone as one of the most iconic in music history. Memorable songs: the above Bacharach/David tunes, plus "Valley of the Dolls," "Alfie," "Then Came You" (with the Spinners); "I'll Never Love This Way Again," "Deja Vu," "Heartbreaker," "That's What Friends are For," and "Love Power" (with Jeffrey Osborne).
Kanye West's last six albums have reached #1 and sold millions of copies. His only one not to top the chart: College Dropout, which peaked at #2 in '04 (but still sold millions).
36. Kanye West. Why he's on the list: While some may not like what he does or what comes out of his mouth, this rapper out of Chicago has left an indelible mark on music over the past dozen years, ever since his landmark album, The College Dropout, dropped in 2004. Every album he's released since then (six of 'em) have reached #1 – a feat that not many other rappers can claim (only Jay Z and Eminem have had more chart toppers). West has also sold nearly 100 million albums and song downloads in this country alone, making him one of the biggest-selling artists of all time in any genre. His songs have gone from spiritual to pensive to all-out rants. They've embodied West at his rapping best – usually with a drawn-out drawl that has inspired others like Childish Gambino and Drake. West has even experimented with singing, specifically with his 2008 album, 808s and Heartbreak, which produced the Autotune-enhanced hits, "Love Lockdown" and "Heartless." Simply put, Kanye West – love him or hate him – is one of the most prolific musicians of this or any generation. Memorable songs: "Through the Wire," "Jesus Walks," "Slow Jamz" (with Jamie Foxx and Twista), "Gold Digger," "Stronger," "Lockdown,' "Heartless," "Paranoid," "American Boy" and "Niggas in Paris."
I snapped a picture of this image of Tina during a recent visit to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland. She was inducted in 1991.
35. Tina Turner (Ike & Tina Turner). Why she's on the list: Tina Turner would likely have been a candidate for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (with her late husband Ike) even before her legendary resurgence in 1984 with the album Private Dancer and its landmark single, "What's Love Got to Do With It." But that comeback success clearly cemented her rightful place in the museum. Thanks to that 1984 album and single, the world was allowed to see the uniquely talented Turner reach a level of popularity not seen by any other African-American female whose primary genre of choice was rock and roll. It set off a string of hits that would carry her through the rest of the 1980s and beyond. She's among the many members of music royalty on this list, with Turner arguably donning the crown of "Queen of Rock and Roll." She's sold over 100 million records and ranks among the top-selling concert performers in history. Memorable songs: "A Fool in Love," "River Deep – Mountain High" and "Proud Mary" (as Ike & Tina Turner); "Let's Stay Together," "What's Love Got to Do With It," "Better Be Good to Me," "Private Dancer," "We Don't Need Another Hero," "One of the Living," "Typical Male" and "The Best."
Gladys Knight & the Pips are often overlooked when discussing the greatest black artists of all time, but not here. They're clearly among the best.
34. Gladys Knight & the Pips. Why they're on the list: Gladys Knight & the Pips are one of the few groups whose career of Number One R&B hits spanned three decades (from 1961's "Every Beat of My Heart" to 1987's "Love Overboard"). Even more impressively, the resilient quartet recorded ten #1 songs for five different record labels, including King (Vee-Jay), Soul (Motown), Buddah, Columbia, and MCA Records. No other artist or group has ever accomplished that. If you include her turn as one of the "Friends" in Dionne Warwick's "That's What Friends are For" (on Warner Bros.), then Gladys Knight has had eleven #1 R&B hits on six different labels. Knight has been called the "Empress of Soul," likely because the title "Queen of Soul" has been reserved for another legendary artist coming up in Part 4, and we all know that Gladys is truly deserving of a royal title given her legendary career with the Pips – a career that led to the group being inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996. Memorable songs: "I Heard it Through the Grapevine," "Friendship Train," "If I Were Your Woman," "Neither One of Us," "Midnight Train to Georgia," "I've Got to Use My Imagination," "Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me," "On and On," "Make Yours a Happy Home," "I Feel A Song (In My Heart)," "The Way We Were/Try to Remember," "Part Time Love," "Baby Don't Change Your Mind," "Landlord," "Save the Overtime for Me," "Love Overboard."
There are only five acts on this list who are in their 30s or younger: Rihanna (27), Alicia Keys (34), Usher (36), Kanye West (37) and Beyonce at 33.
33. Beyonce/Destiny's Child. Why she/they are on the list: Beyonce Knowles – has been churning out hits for nearly 18 years. Either solo or with DC, she's topped the R&B and pop charts 12 and nine times, respectively. She's the only solo woman in history with a minimum of five albums to have all of them reach #1 on the Billboard 200. The most recent of those, Beyonce, became legendary in 2013 when it sold over a million copies in under two weeks after being released to iTunes with zero promotion, making her name synonymous with any other artist's attempt to do that in future years. In 2009, she was named the top-selling female artist of the 2000s, and Time Magazine has ranked her among the 100 most influential people in the world for the last two years. She's topped record charts in many other countries, including the UK, Canada, Finland, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, France, Italy, Ireland, Spain, Norway, Australia, New Zealand, and the Netherlands. She's sold over 135 million records/downloads worldwide. Memorable songs: "No, No, No," "Say My Name," "Jumpin', Jumpin'," "Independent Women, Pt. 2," "Lose My Breath" (all with Destiny's Child); "Crazy in Love," "Baby Boy," "Me, Myself & I," "Check on It," "Irreplaceable," "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)," "Halo," "Love on Top," "Party" and "Drunk in Love."
Billboard Magazine has ranked R. Kelly as the most successful R&B artist of all time. On my list, which includes all genres of music, he ranks #32.
32. R. Kelly. Why he's on the list: In 2010, Billboard Magazine compiled a ranking of the biggest R&B artists of the previous 25 years, and R. Kelly placed at the top. Since hitting the scene in 1992 as a leader of the group Public Announcement (with whom he recorded two #1 R&B hits: "Honey Love" and "Slow Dance (Hey Mr. DJ)"), R. Kelly has been a major force in the black music community. The artist broke from Public Announcement in 1993 and released his first solo album, which produced the song that would eventually break the record for most weeks at #1 on the R&B chart ("Bump n' Grind," 12 weeks). A rapid succession of hugely popular albums and singles followed during the ensuing ten years, eventually racking up over 100 million in worldwide sales and making R. Kelly one of the best-selling musical artists of all time. Memorable songs: "Bump 'N Grind," "Your Body's Calling," "You Remind Me of Something," "I Can't Sleep Baby (If I)," "Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)," "I Believe I Can Fly," "I'm Your Angel," "I Wish," "Fiesta," "Ignition" and "Step in the Name of Love."
Smokey Robinson's songs have been covered by many artists, including the Jackson 5, Linda Ronstadt, Aretha Franklin and others.
31. Smokey Robinson/The Miracles. Why he/they are on the list: Smokey Robinson has a velvety smooth voice that is unmistakeable. As the 1980s pop group ABC once sang in their 1987 tribute single, "When Smokey sings, I hear violins." They weren't alone. This legendary Motown artist graced us with it in 1960 with the label's first big hit, "Shop Around," and he was still hitting the pop top ten 27 years later with "One Heartbeat" and "Just to See Her," while still with Motown. Robinson's name is nearly as synonymous with Motown Records as the label's founder Berry Gordy. After all, Smokey served as the label's Vice President under Gordy (until 1988) and as its chief songwriter during the early 1960s producing big hits for the Temptations, Mary Wells, the Marvelettes and Marvin Gaye. Smokey's "Quiet Storm" is credited with starting the adult-leaning "quiet storm" format of late-night R&B radio during the 1970s. Memorable songs: "Shop Around," "You Really Got a Hold on Me," "I Second That Emotion," "Going to a Go-Go," "Ooh Baby Baby," "The Tracks of My Tears," "The Love I Saw In You Was Just a Mirage," "Tears of a Clown" (all with the Miracles): "Quiet Storm," "Baby That's Backatcha," "Cruisin'," "Being With You," "Ebony Eyes" (with Rick James), "Just to See Her" and "One Heartbeat."
Jay Z dropped the hyphen from his name during the past couple years, but the man with many names can still be called "Jigga," "Hova," or simply Shawn Carter.
30. Jay Z. Why he's on the list: When rapper Shawn Carter, a/k/a Jay-Z (he's since dropped the hyphen) rapped in 1997's "I Love the Dough" (with Biggie Smalls) that he'd "play the charts like the Beatles," little did we know how prophetic that lyric line would be. Since then, Jay Z has racked up more Number One albums (13) on Billboard's main album chart than anyone besides the Beatles. That's more than Elvis, more than the Eagles, more than Elton, more than Michael (who probably didn't even release 13), more than Bruce, more than Madonna and more than Mariah. In a rap career that now spans nearly 20 years, Jay Z has clearly become the most prolific hip-hop star in the genre's history and is one of the world's best-selling artists of any genre of all time. That any rapper can say that is amazing to me. Memorable songs: "Ain't No Nigga," "Can I Get A…," "Hard Knock Life," "99 Problems," "Encore," "'03 Bonnie & Clyde," "Change Clothes" "Empire State of Mind" and "Niggas in Paris."
to see a complete list of all the #1 rap albums in chart history, click here.
Tupac ("2Pac") Shakur is considered the greatest rapper of all time by many. He would have been 44 this year.
29. 2pac (Tupac Shakur). Why he's on the list: So if Jay-Z is the most successful black rapper from a commercial standpoint, why does he rank below the immortal Tupac Shakur? As one of my best friend's put it, 2pac (Shakur's stage name) was the "John Lennon of hip-hop." Like Lennon, he was troubled by the state of affairs in the world, particularly here in America, and he took to pen and paper and a microphone to call out those issues. While many people (including myself at times during his short life) took umbrage with his tone and delivery, no one could argue with his impact on the hip-hop community. He achieved a combination of commercial and critical acclaim that was rare for any rapper – especially one as outspoken as he was during his prime. At least twelve 2Pac albums have sold a million copies or more (eight of them after his death). Two of them have been certified "Diamond" by the R.I.A.A. (Diamond equals 10 million copies sold), something no other rapper can claim. He's influenced more rappers than any other MC in the game and consistently ranks as the greatest rapper of all time on many notable lists. As such, he's also the top rapper on this list of 100 Greatest by DJRob. Memorable songs: "Brenda's Got a Baby," "I Get Around," "Keep Ya Head Up," "Dear Mama," "California Love," "How Do U Want It," "I Ain't Mad at Cha" and "Hail Mary."
Singing and holding up an index finger could be symbolic of the many Number One hits that Lionel Richie has penned over his 40 years in the business.
28. Lionel Richie/Commodores. Why he/they are on the list: The Commodores are on the list because of Lionel Richie. Lionel Richie is on the list because of his immensely successful career as the leader of the group and as a singer/songwriter on his own during the 1970s and '80s. One could argue that the best and worst thing that ever happened to the Commodores was "Three Times a Lady." The ballad became the group's first #1 pop hit in 1978 and showcased Richie's abilities as a balladeer and songwriter. It setup their next #1 pop hit, "Still," in '79, but more importantly, set the stage for Richie to begin writing and producing songs for other artists like Kenny Rogers. The writing was on the wall by 1981 when Richie left the Commodores and embarked on a solo career in which he continued writing and recording #1 hits. He wrote #1 songs in nine consecutive years (1978-86) and ranked as one of the most successful solo artists of the 1980s. His superstardom faded in the 1990s, but he made a valiant comeback in 2012 with the country album Tuskegee that topped the Billboard 200 and became one of the best-selling albums of the year. Memorable songs: "Machine Gun," "Slippery When Wet," "Sweet Love," "Just to be Close to You," "Easy," "Brick House," "Sail On," "Lady You Bring Me Up," "Jesus is Love," (all with the Commodores); "Endless Love," "Truly," "You Are," "All Night Long (All Night)," "Hello," "Love Will Find a Way," "Say You, Say Me" and "Dancin' on the Ceiling."
Only three artists in the Top 100 list have not seen their 34th birthdays, Rihanna and Beyonce (both of whom are still living), and Sam Cooke, who was killed just weeks shy of his 34th in December 1964.
27. Sam Cooke. Why he's on the list: Sam Cooke's life was tragically cut short at age 33 in 1964. This means that Sam Cooke accomplished in a very short time what very few artists did in sometimes twice as many years. Cooke is commonly viewed as one of the greatest singers of all time, with an ability to meld his gospel roots into R&B and soul the way few others did. He's often cited as the reason soul music's popularity grew in the 1960s and '70s, allowing many other artists to reap the benefits. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him as the 4th-greatest singer of all time, behind Aretha, Ray Charles and Elvis. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame fittingly inducted him as a charter member in 1986. Memorable songs: "You Send Me," "(What a) Wonderful World," "Chain Gang," "Cupid," "Bring it on Home to Me," "Another Saturday Night" and "A Change is Gonna Come."
Chuck Berry is the oldest living artist on this countdown at 88 years old. He recorded many hits for the famous Chess Records label, including his #1 hit, "My Ding-a-Ling" in 1972.
26. Chuck Berry. Why he's on the list: Among the many artists who could legitimately lay claim to having done so, it's hard to pinpoint exactly which artist actually started rock and roll. There are so many influential black artists of the early rhythm and blues era on this list (and even some that didn't make it) who could be credited with founding rock and roll, including Fats Domino and Little Richard among them. But one could make a strong case that rock and roll belonged to Berry, not just because of the music he made (which included the major lead-guitar elements that later characterized rock), but because of the style and attitude that he brought with it. For instance, he has long been known for his legendary dance moves, like the "duck walk" and his one-legged hop routine, both of which made him a legend on stage. Appropriately, he was among the first to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame when it was founded in 1986. Memorable songs: "Maybellene," "Roll Over Beethoven," "Sweet Little Sixteen," "Johnny B. Goode," "No Particular Place to Go" and "My Ding-a-Ling."
And there you have 'em, from No. 50 (John Coltrane) to No. 26 (Chuck Berry).
To hear the memorable songs mentioned for the above 25 artists, click here to access my special DJRob playlist on Spotify.
For Part I (#100 – #76), click here.
For Part II (#75 – #51), click here.
For Part IV (#25 – #1), click here.
And check this link for my countdown of the Top Black Music Producers of the past 55 years.


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Click above to go to Aeries/Homelink.
HomeLink provides parents and guardians with the ability to view their student's attendance, grades, and other important educational information.
If you already have an account from last year, it will still be active, even if your child is new to Pleasant Hill Middle School. If you already have an account for one child, it is possible to add a sibling to the same account.
To sign up for HomeLink, you will need to obtain log-in information and directions from the front office in person. First time instructions can be found here.


Archaeologists and dinosaur lovers will appreciate these.
Dress your desk with these colorful dinosaur erasers.
Allows your kids to be truly imaginative.
What child that loves dinosaurs, would not love these Dinosaur Erasers? They come in a set of 4 so they'll be able to take their down time during homework by creating their own adventure with their school tools and these erasers.
Each Dinosaur Eraser is about 2" and are all individually and uniquely designed with bright funky colors. Guess what species of dinosaur each one is while you're at it!
Set includes 4 bright colored funky dinosaurs.


The reusable X-37B spacecraft is built by Boeing and launches on Atlas V rockets for extended missions in orbit. The spaceplane, similar in appearance to the Space Shuttle but only 29 feet long, needs no cockpit or life support systems, and can operate in orbit for hundreds of days at a time. The craft's previous record was 674 days.
This month was the first time that the craft has landed in Florida –all three of its previous landings were in California. Another mission using the X-37B is scheduled to launch from Cape Canaveral later this year, according to Popular Mechanics.
According to Popular Mechanics, it widely has been speculated that the spaceplane is used for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions, spying on operations in places like Iran and North Korea. Experts also have guessed that the X-37B could be used for testing autonomous flight technologies, serve as a communications relay in orbit, or serve as a testing platform for systems that could ultimately be used on a manned spacecraft.


The next best thing to having your own personal garden consultant standing by 24/7.
Armitage's Garden Perennials is the most comprehensive single-volume photographic resource on perennial plants. It describes and illustrates the choice of perennials in 136 genera from Acanthus to Zauschneria.
The book's greatest strengths are the quality of its more than 1400 photographs, all taken by the author, and the exhaustive information on the most interesting, important, or overlooked perennial plants. Based on his own extensive experience — he has gardened in climates as dissimilar as Quebec and Georgia and studied plants on three continents — Armitage makes a discerning selection of the best cultivars, from classics to cutting-edge recent introductions.
The encyclopedia is rounded out by more than a dozen extensive lists of plants suitable for particular situations or uses, including plants for wet places, for drought tolerance, and for fragrance or color. It is a noteworthy addition to Timber Press's acclaimed series of pictorial encyclopedias that includes Dirr's Hardy Trees and Shrubs and Rick Darke's Encyclopedia of Grasses for Livable Landscapes.
"Has beautiful color photos with descriptions."
"Armitage loves to spin a story. He tells the truth about perennials from his own rich experiences ... With his humorous asides, you will quickly recognize a kindred spirit who wants to grow every plant yet confesses that he has killed his fair share, just like the rest of us."
"Why do so many garden references read more like an old, dry chemistry textbook? Well-known plantsman Allan Armitage has come to the rescue. His new book, Armitage's Garden Perennials is brimming with lively descriptions and unabashed opinions."
"[Californians] may enjoy several books on perennials just published, including Armitage's Garden Perennials by Allan Armitage. None of these [books] are written with California in mind, but then people who love growing the unlikely probably won't care."
"Armitage's Garden Annuals: A Color Encyclopedia by Allan M. Armitage will set you on the right garden path in no time."
"Rich with photographs of both the plants and their garden use. This book can be a really good help to the novice who is looking for combination ideas."
"[A] comprehensive, very helpful guide to perennials."
"Beginning, and even veteran, gardeners are often looking for a little more guidance. Award-winning horticulturist and prolific garden writer Allan Armitage provides that guidance in this selective guide to his favorite garden perennials."
"Last year I mentioned a few reference books that were a 'must' for any serious gardener. One was Armitage�s previous perennial book. This color encyclopedia is very different from that work and would make a wonderful addition to any gardener�s library. It has 324 pages packed with 1465 good-size color photographs. If you prefer to learn visually, this is the book for you!"
"Not only does Armitage�s Garden Perennials, A Color Encyclopedia do a great job of providing ample photos of each plant ... it also provides the kind of information that truly helps you to decide whether to give a plant a try or not."
"Armitage is THE perennial guru, and this color encyclopedia is the next best thing to an across-the-coffee-table chat with him on the inside word about anything perennial."
"Strongly pictorial, with nearly 1,500 excellent photographs."
"The text is garden writing at its best, I think � lively, personal, informative, entertaining, and opinionated."
"His opinions, wit and candid observations add to the written text and prove that he is a gardener to the core ... It will make a great gift for you ... I guarantee that this reference book will be a well-used part of your gardening library."
"What makes Armitage's selections so intriguing are his easy, conversational style and the wealth of photos that accompany the text."
"While this book is sure to become a fixture on the desk of every professional horticulturist, it is great reading and a recommended reference for novices."
"Armitage's lists of recommendations prove especially effective guidelines for gardeners who want solid tips on how to work with perennials."
"Absolutely brimming with excellent full-color photographs."
"Armitage has created another classic ... There is not another perennial book that contains more photographs in a single easy-to-use volume."
"Essential for those designing perennial borders."
"Sleek �pictorial encyclopedia� ... A delight is the light-hearted humor that bubbles throughout."
"User-friendly and fun to read, yet still vastly knowledgeable."
"The book is the next best thing to having your own personal garden consultant standing by 24/7."
"An illustrated guide — full of opinion — to garden-worthy perennials from all over the world."
"The author's prose is exuberant and the color illustrations are superb."
"With 1,400-plus color photos, horticultural depth and breadth, and delightfully personal prose by a renowned expert in herbaceous perennials, this is my first-round pick."
"In the world of horticulture, Armitage stands out as an authoritative voice that gardeners depend on for guidance ... With its accessible writing style, abundant color photographs and final section listing plants suggested for specific conditions and purposes, Armitage�s latest work should be considered an essential addition to gardening collections."
"The book's strengths are the quality of its more than 1,400 photographs, all taken by the author, and the exhaustive information on the most interesting, important or overlooked perennial plants."
"The book has an easy-to-use format providing immediate access to plant information. One of the truly outstanding features is the abundance of color photos providing instant color identification of a given plant. It offers more photos than I have seen in any book on perennials."
"A wonderful visual resource with 1465 of [Armitage's] stunning photos of all the most interesting and important plants (often several different shots), and overlooked but worthy candidates. The accompanying information is succinct, authoritative, personally experienced, and lively."
"This is a good resource to add to gardening collections and one that is sure to be popular."
"Truly refreshing ... This is an excellent perennial book."
"This is a jewel of a book that is sure to become a classic."
"I find this volume a necessity to accompany [Armitage's] earlier book, to learn about any perennial you would ever want to grow."
"The text is a delight to read because it reflects the delicious humor and idiosyncratic thoughts of its author."
"Armitage's Garden Perennials is the most inclusive book on the subject that I have seen ... A wonderful reference book."
"Lavishly illustrated with colour photographs."
"This book is a beautiful, highly entertaining, and highly informative volume."
"Armitage offers candid, opinionated assessments of the plants, while answering questions about time of flowering, size, ease of growing, as well as precautions."
"Good information and a lively writing style make this informative book fun to read."
"Part II is a treat for gardeners who choose their perennials carefully prior to purchasing them ... Are you looking for perennials that bloom in the fall? You've got 47 choices in the 'Flowering Season' list."
"You can never have too many perennial reference guides, and this one is beautifully illustrated, with nearly 1,500 photographs."


A non-native plant with very early yellow flowers and fringed foliage. Spreads aggressively.
Haudenosaunee runners made a compound infusion of the leaves and used it as a liniment to strengthen their limbs. It has even been reported that young men would chew the roots to attract women.
Queen bumble bees pry open the complex flowers and feed on the nectar with long tongues, picking up and transferring pollen along the way. Dutchman's breeches can self pollinate if queen bumble bees are absent. Worker bees and cuckoo bees (Nomada spp.) bypass the flower opening and feed on nectar through perforations in the spurs. Dutchman's breeches seeds are ant-dispersed. Herbivores avoid the toxic foliage.
Over the period from 1986 to 2015, Eranthis hyemalis bloomed an average of 18.5 days later.
Like its relative squirrel corn (Dicentra canadensis), all parts of dutchman's breeches are poisonous to cats, cattle, and humans because it synthesizes the neurotoxic alkaloid isoquinoline. The underground tubers have been found to cause convulsions in cattle.
This wildflower has tiny underground tubers that look like kernels of reddish corn. Insect pollinators often make holes in the base of its spurred flowers to "rob" nectar.


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Anthropologists have long known that humans are, in many ways, what they build. It's human nature to invest cultural meaning in both landscape and architecture, and to draw comfort and inspiration from them. Thus, the built environment can either enhance or erode the commitments that people make to the places where they live and, of course, the commitments they make to each other. The more sensitive that urban designers, planners, architects, and developers are to the role that culture plays in how people interact with landscape and built space—especially in today's increasingly diverse urban communities—the better the chances for building neighborhoods and cities that are environmentally and culturally sustainable.
Intercultural Urbanism explores the territory where culture, public policy, urban design, and built environment intersect. It's informed by an interdisciplinary and international perspective that integrates anthropology with archaeology, history, geography, sociology, ecology, evolutionary science, art, architecture, literature, communication, business, and other fields. The view is from Denver, Colorado, but the scope is global.
Dean Saitta is the author and editor of Intercultural Urbanism. He also writes for Planetizen. Dean is Professor of Anthropology and Director of the Urban Studies program at the University of Denver. His personal website is at http://portfolio.du.edu/dsaitta. His email address is dsaitta@du.edu.


Learn how to create a seed bead fringe that resembles coral branches.
Coraling is an easy-to-learn beading technique that can be used in all kinds of jewelry and craft projects. Although this process is simple, it does require a little time and a lot of beads to complete! Keeping consistent thread tension while you are working is essential to the look of the finished piece. Here we will show you the basic steps involved to create a coral "branch."


text:
The Cholecystokinin A receptor is a human protein, also known as CCKAR or CCK1, with CCK1 now being the IUPHAR-recommended name.

Function

This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor that binds sulfated members of the cholecystokinin (CCK) family of peptide hormones. This receptor is a major physiologic mediator of pancreatic enzyme secretion and smooth muscle contraction of the gallbladder and stomach. In the central and peripheral nervous system this receptor regulates satiety and the release of beta-endorphin and dopamine.

The extracellular, N-terminal, domain of this protein adopts a tertiary structure consisting of a few helical turns and a disulfide-cross linked loop. It is required for interaction of the cholecystokinin A receptor with its corresponding hormonal ligand.

Selective Ligands

Agonists
 Cholecystokinin
 CCK-4
 SR-146,131
 A-71623 - modified tetrapeptide, potent and selective CCKA agonist, IC50 3.7nM, 1200x selectivity over CCKB, CAS# 130408-77-4

Antagonists
 Proglumide
 Lorglumide
 Devazepide
 Dexloxiglumide
 Asperlicin
 SR-27897
 IQM-95333
 JNJ-17156516

See also
 Cholecystokinin receptor
 Cholecystokinin antagonist

References

External links

Further reading

G protein-coupled receptors
Protein domains
Cholecystokinin receptors

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia