As far as value and overall quality the DuroMax XP4850EH is hard to beat. In fact, DuroMax generator are excellent generators, especially when compared to what you pay. Let's be honest, if you want the absolute best generator then you should be looking at Honda or Yamaha, but for most homeowners DuroMax makes fantastic generators for the money.
Let's take a close look at the DuroMax XP4850EH a dual-fuel generator that runs on either propane or gas. Highly versatile for demanding conditions, and during an emergency when gasoline may be hard to come by.
I've been fortunate enough to review a lot of different Duromax generators. I say fortunate because they're great machines and very tough. Before I look at the features and performance of a machine, I want to know that the equipment that I'm buying is going to last. As generators are never too cheap, it's always good to know that you're getting a machine that's going to work hard and keep doing so for many years.
This article is going to focus on the DuroMax 4850EH dual-fuel generator, we'll be reviewing every aspect of this model. We'll also look at the DuroStar DS4400EHF Fortress Hybrid – a slightly less powerful generator but equally as impressive.
If you're wondering what's the difference between DuroMax and DuroStar generators? You're not alone.
I've been asking the same question and there doesn't seem to be a clear answer. The DuroStar brand is part of the DuroMax product range and is usually the cheaper option. More DuroMax generators are CARB certified than the DuroStar models and they tend to have a higher rated output – higher running and peak watts.
However, this is not always the case. Some DuroMax generators are CARB certified and some are not. The same goes for DuroStar. Both have many different models with varying outputs. In the end, they seem like very similar generators and it shouldn't really make a difference whether you buy a DuroMax or DuroStar generator – choose the one that best meets your needs. The prices vary, depending on where you buy the generator. DuroStar generators are often cheaper – but not always. Both the DuroMax and DuroStar brands come with the same warranty agreement.
In my opinion, DuroMax offers excellent value for money. Their generators are not always the most advanced and you won't find extra sound insulation, inverters and many of the bells and whistles that you get with a lot of other modern generators. What you're getting is an affordable generator that's built to be as tough as they come. You're not paying for a lot of extras.
DuroMax generators all have a really solid steel frame and four-point mounting systems. Their engines are also built for the long haul and all of them have cast iron sleeves. All DuroMax products meet ETL and MTL standards. All-in-all, DuroMax has concentrated on durability and is less concerned with pushing up the price by adding technology that many consumers might not need. You get the basics and they're reliable safe generators.
The company is based in Ontario, California but have an international footprint. DuroMax will ship spare parts for any of generators to anywhere in the world and have service centers around the US and in many other countries.
Runs for 20 Hours on Propane or 8 Hours on Gasoline.
Great performance. Will run for 20 Hours on Propane or 8 Hours on Gasoline.
✓ View or download the MANUAL for the DuroMax 4850EH.
Like all DuroMax products, the XP4850EH is built to be tough and reliable. You can immediately see this in the rugged steel frame and large 10½" solid rubber wheels with steel rims. Call me old-fashioned, but steel rimmed wheels on a generator give me a sense of ease when it comes to quality. I know that many manufacturers use plastic wheels, they're lighter and bring down the cost. Though let's face it, steel is stronger and anyone building a quality generator should use high-quality materials – even where it's not all that critical (like the wheels). This attention to detail in the use of robust materials in every aspect of the machine displays a commitment to quality. The main reason why I prefer DuroMax generators is that they are tough beasts and you're not paying very much for this level of quality.
The engine used to power the DuroMax 4850EH generator holds true to this philosophy of rugged design and build. It uses a 210cc 7HP 4-stroke OHV engine with cast iron sleeves (a DuroMax hallmark). This is a hybrid engine (dual fuel) which means it can run on regular gas or natural gas (propane). Both the generators that we're reviewing here are hybrid models, so I'll go into greater detail about hybrid engines after reviewing both generators. This generator is EPA certified but is not CARB certified and, therefore, is not for sale in California.
For work or emergencies. It's better to be safe than sorry.
The really large muffler (with spark arrestor) is nice to see. This means that even though the DuroMAx 4850EH doesn't have extra sound insulation, like the more expensive generators, it's still exceptionally quiet for a standard generator design – 69dB (from 23 FT). If you're standing right next to the generator when it's running at high load, you're going to have to raise your voice a bit to be heard. But if it's only a short distance away, you can hold a conversation without speaking any louder than you normally would. The engine is protected with low oil shutoff.
The alternator, that's also built to last, gives you 3850 running watts and a peak power (starting watts) of 4850W. This the perfect amount of power for most standard RVs and will also give you enough amps to run most of your household electric appliances. It won't have a problem starting a large refrigerator or room air conditioner, whilst running all your other appliances. You also have the protection of an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR), this means that your electrical equipment won't be damaged by a spike in the voltage.
Using the DuroMax 4850EH is a simple and effortless process. It starts very easily in all weather. The electric starter motor makes this totally effortless and if the onboard battery runs flat, you don't have to worry because they've included a recoil starter for emergency starting. The control panel is easy to access and offers you all that you'll need on a generator of this size without any extra complications. It has 2 X 120V 20A standard household power outlets and a has an L14-30 120V/240V 30A twist lock power outlet for RV use or running a 30A power supply to your home for emergency backup power.
You'll also get a 12V battery charging outlet and all the power outlets are protected by circuit breakers in case of a power overload or short circuit. There are no fancy gauges or complicate instruments and switches, all you get is a standard analog voltmeter. Your runtime is really good for a generator of this size and even more impressive when using propane. On a standard 20 LBS propane tank you can get around 20-hours at 50% load. The 4-gallon gas tank will supply power for about 8-hours at the same load.
For a machine that uses such durable materials, the DuroMax 4850EH is surprisingly light at 140 LBS. I've already sung the praises for those robust wheels and they make it easy to move. Two fold-down handles add to the effortless mobility of the generator. It rests on solid rubber feet that, together with thick rubber wheels, reduce the vibration levels when running the generator. It's reasonably compact for a generator that pumps out more than 4.5KW and is contained in a frame. It measures 23.2" (length) X 17" (width) X 17" (height).
If you're looking for a compact portable generator that will give you enough power to back up your home, running most of your essential appliances, during the hurricane season or the perfect generator for your RV, the DuroMax 4850EH is just about the best. I say this because of its quality vs price. You have the added advantage of the hybrid dual fuel engine. On the Amazon website, I see a 3-year warranty advertised for this generator. This doesn't match the warranty agreement that I got from the DuroMax site. The official DuroMax warranty States that they offer a full 1-year warranty on all parts and a 90-day replacement warranty. I'd go with the official warranty and you may want to follow up on the 3-year warranty with the guys at Amazon – it could be a mistake.
Maximum power from each of the 120-volt receptacles.
Low oil protection, AC and DC regulators, and a spark arrestor.
I've already pointed out that I can't see any difference between DuroMax and DuroStar. If you look at the DuroStar DS440EHF, it looks pretty much the same as any DuroMax generator apart from the fact that it's black and has a molded plastic control panel bearing the Fortress logo – giving it a slightly more modern look. All the components seem to be similar or identical to the DuroMax 4850EH and this is certainly a tough and durable generator, right down to the steel wheels that I like so much.
The only difference between the DuroStar DS4400EHF Fortress and the DuroMax4850EH is that the DuroStar Fortress has a slightly smaller engine delivering a lower wattage. They are both Hybrid generators that can run on natural gas or regular gas. Like the DuroMax 4850EH, this one is also not CARB compliant and cannot be used in California.
Although the engine on the DuroStar DS440EHF has the same 7HP rating as the DuroMax 4850EH, this one has a slightly smaller displacement of 196cc (only 14cc less than the 4850EH). It uses the same durable cast iron sleeves as all the other generators in the DuroMax product range and has a low oil shutoff. The slightly smaller engine means that you get fewer watts. The DuroStar DS440EHF delivers 3500W constant (running) power and 4500W peak power.
Versatile fuel options allow you to have power under any conditions.
The DuroStar Fortress also has the same muffler design with a spark arrestor. This means it has the same 69dBA noise levels. The engine is only a few ccs smaller and this doesn't affect the fuel consumption in any significant way. The rated consumption at 50% load for the DuroStar Fortress is also 20-hours when using propane and 8-hours from the 4-gallon gas tank.
The Fortress is a little lighter than the DuroMax 4850EH, weighing 128 LBS and its dimensions are 23.8" X 20" X 18". The power outlets are the same. It has two120V household outlets and a 30A 120V/240V twist lock outlet, it also has a 12V battery charging outlet. The Fortress has the same analog voltmeter as the DuroMax 4850EH. The handles are the same as the other model and it's just as easy to move – a little easier, in fact, because it's a few pounds lighter.
As you can see, these two generators are almost identical. The DuroStar DS4400EHF will give you 350W less running and peak power and it weighs 12 LBS less. This leaves me wondering why DuroMax has two generators that are so similar in performance, just with slightly different names. It must have something to do with marketing and I just don't understand this.
The DuroStar Fortress costs a little less than the DuroMax 4850EH, though this difference is very small and this may not always be the case – depending on the retailer. If you're going to save a reasonable amount of money by opting for the DuroStar Fortress, it may be worth buying. If you're going to be paying the same or very close to the same price for the DuroMax DS4850EH, it makes more sense to buy this one – you're getting an extra 350 watts of power. The warranty is the same for both, 1-year on all parts and 90-day replacement warranty.
Because dual-fuel generators cost more than a standard gas-only generator with the same specs, you might be wondering if it's worth paying extra for a hybrid generator. I'm going to point out the benefits of using propane and leave you to decide whether it's worth paying more for a generator with dual fuel operation.
Natural gas (propane) has become more popular in recent times because of environmental concerns. Natural gas is a much cleaner burning fuel than regular gas. However, there a number of practical advantages to using propane. It's much easier and safer to use – especially when transporting the fuel. A propane tank will not leak or spill and it doesn't emit the fumes that you get from a gas can.
Probably the biggest practical benefit of using propane is that it's very compact. If you compare the size of a 20 LBS propane tank to 5-gallon gas can, they're not all that different in size. Yet, you'll get about twice as much runtime from the propane tank as you'll get from the gas can. There is a slight disadvantage here because propane doesn't usually give the same power output as gas. When running the generator on propane, it's likely that your output wattage will be around 10% less than when you're using gas.
The clean burning properties of propane don't only save the environment, it's also better for the engine. There's less carbon buildup inside the engine components and your oil doesn't become diluted as it does with gas. This means that the engine is going to last longer and run more efficiently. I see that the guys who maintain these generators recommend that if you're using propane exclusively, it can cause the fuel seals to become dry and brittle. It's recommended that you run the generator on gas periodically – they suggest doing this monthly. I suppose this would be if you're using the generator every day. If you're only using your generator during the hurricane season or for vacations, I'd suggest running it on gas for a few minutes before you store it.
Though, you must remember never to store a generator with gas in the carburetor. As the gas in the carburetor slowly evaporates over time, it will leave a sticky residue that can block the carburetor. The easiest way to drain the carburetor is to close the fuel tap while the engine is running. The last fuel in the carburetor will keep the engine running for a few seconds until the carburetor runs dry and the engine will stall. This will leave no fuel in carburetor and make it safe for storage, without causing any harm.


According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the teaching of the Trinity is "the central doctrine of the Christian religion" (vol. 3, p. 47), despite the fact that not all Christians accept it. This concept holds that while God is one, He is also three. Perhaps no doctrine in all of Christendom has more of a reputation for obscurity and mind-boggling confusion than the Trinity.
While it can be shown to be one of the oldest concepts in all of civilization—having devotees in Egypt, Babylon, India, Greece, Scandinavia, etc. (nearly every culture that has ever existed on the earth)—the Trinity doctrine was introduced rather late in the history of the "Christian" (Catholic) church. This was done by the so-called Cappadocian Fathers: Basil, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregory Nazianzus (ibid., vol. 2, p. 794), later receiving formal approval by the Council of Constantinople in AD 382. Prior to this time, the Trinity was never given serious consideration by any sect or group proclaiming to follow Christ. In fact, the word "trinity" (trinitas) itself was not coined until Tertullian (c.160-230), more than a century after Christ's death.
When we examine the "proofs" of this crucial doctrine, we find them constructed out of shallow inferences, sophomoric analogies, needless redundancies, and deliberately equivocating abstractions and chicanery. When all the mistranslations are exposed, not one shred of biblical support can be marshaled in favor of the Trinity, except for bits and pieces of obviously forced, contorted, and strained passages that are forced to say things they never were intended to say.
Perhaps the one who feels he has most to gain from the promulgation of the Trinity doctrine is the father of all lies, Satan the Devil, who naturally would loathe to see the Family of God enlarged. Ephesians 1:13-14 clearly indicates that the Holy Spirit is actually the instrument of our regeneration as children of God, and further, it is a pledge or down payment on the life to come.
If the Holy Spirit were the Third Person of a closed Trinity, as the teaching claims, we would never be enabled to become glorified or deified.
» Colossians 1:27: To them God willed to make known what are the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles: which is Christ in you, the hope of glory.
» I Corinthians 2:16: For "who has known the mind of the LORD that he may instruct Him?" But we have the mind of Christ.
The concept of the Trinity has its roots, not in Christianity, but in pagan mythology. According to Alexander Hislop in The Two Babylons, "Babylon was the primal source from which all of these systems of idolatry flowed, so the deductions of the most learned historians, on mere historical grounds, have led to the same conclusion" (p. 12).
Carl Jung, in his investigation of primitive cultures, became convinced that there seems to be a kind of collective cultural subconscious in which is submerged archetypes of the Hero, the Wise Man, life out of death, fertility rites, and the like. The polytheistic Trinity is no exception. Sigmund Freud concluded, "If man were to live solely by the dictates of the unconscious, the mono-theistic religions of the Judaeo-Christian tradition would disappear to be replaced by polytheistic and animistic proto-religions."
Freud's observations came several centuries too late. The Catholic Fathers were instinctively political, continually experimenting with the emotions and deep-seated feelings of the peoples to whom they proselytized. The adoption of the European fire festivals as well as of the Roman Brumalia celebrations would indicate that these men would utilize any compromise whatsoever in gaining a greater measure of power.
The Cappadocian Three—Basil the Great (c. AD 330-379), his brother Gregory of Nyssa (c. AD 335-395), and Gregory of Nazianzus (c. AD 329-389)—are given credit for adapting, formulating, and finalizing the concept of the Trinity into the Catholic Church. These churchmen hypothesized out of their own fertile imaginations that "the Father, the Son, and the Spirit are in relation to one another like principle, realization, and completion" (Encyclopedia of Religion, "Vergilius Ferm," p. 121). From this crude psychological analogy, the Cappadocians inferred that the three Persons of the Deity have not only the identical energy but also have equality of dignity and nature. Yet Christ Himself contradicted this equilateral notion by simply stating, "The Father is greater than I" (John 14:28).
The Trinity doctrine was originally considered radical, and according to Herman Hansheer, a large segment of the early church regarded these theories as tritheistic heresy. The bitter disputes that ensued from the Council of Nicea in AD 325 were not finally resolved until AD 382 at the First Council at Constantinople. The opportunistic Emperor Constantine, presiding over the earlier Council, was more concerned about political unity (in the church and especially in the empire) than he was at arriving at pure doctrine. He was playing a numbers game, neither knowing nor caring about the theological matters in dispute.
In the booklet, "Is God a Trinity?" George L. Johnson summarizes the aftermath of that Nicene conference with the observation, "The church in all the ensuing centuries has been 'stuck' so to speak with the job of upholding—right or wrong—the decision made at Nicea" (p. 20).
If Protestant tract writers such as the late M.R. DeHaan (the founder of "Radio Bible Class" and co-editor of a devotional guide, Our Daily Bread) and Roger Campbell (best known for his weekly newspaper column, "Reflections on Faith," and daily radio program, "Higher Ground") had seriously studied a foreign language—or even into the historical background of our own English language!—they would not have dared to assert so foolishly that Jesus uses the personal pronoun "Him" when referring to the Comforter (or "Helper," NKJV) in John 16:7: "It is to your advantage that I go away; for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you; but if I depart, I will send Him to you."
The Greek word for "Comforter," parakletos, is in the masculine gender, while pneumais ("spirit") in the neuter gender. Interestingly, the Hebrew word for "spirit," ruach, is in the feminine gender.
Consequently, it cannot be deduced that this parakletos is a personality any more than we could say a German pen is a girl and a German pencil is a boy—even though the article die in die Feder (the pen) denotes a feminine word and der in der Bleistift (the pencil) denotes a masculine word. It may be surprising to learn that "girl" in German, das Madchen, is neuter in gender.
Before the Norman Invasion in 1066, English was as much an inflected language as German or Scandinavian. Modern English has only one article, "the," to use for its nouns, while Old English differentiated between masculine articles, se mann (the man); feminine articles, seo hlaefdige (the lady); and neuter articles, daet Maedgen (the girl, showing its relationship to modern German).
M.R. DeHaan, oblivious to this grammatical differentiation, gullibly asserts in his tract on the Holy Spirit that there has been a faulty translation of the original text into the English Bible. With cocksure, sophomoric naiveté, DeHaan complains that, in many cases, the Spirit is spoken of as "it" or "that" instead of "he," "him," or "whom." To give an example, he quotes Romans 8:16, "The Spirit itself bears witness with our spirit." However, since in this particular verse the pronoun is auto and denotes the neuter gender, the pronoun itself is correctly rendered.
1. Water can retain its chemical identity while in the distinct states of ice, liquid, and steam.
2. An egg has a shell, a yolk, and albumin, yet all are part of the egg. If we extend the analogy too far, we find that not all of the egg's components are living.
3. The triangle is the strongest brace in carpentry.
5. One interesting metaphor found in the Catholic Encyclopedia likens the Trinity to the sun, the ray, and the light.
Psychological metaphors for the Trinity are often just the breaking up of related aspects of the same thing. For instance, Augustine concocts a trinity out of thought, love, and will. Many are the psychological analogies of one being with three attributes. But why should we ever stop at three attributes? God has literally hundreds (perhaps thousands) of attributes. Are we going to give each one of these attributes a separate individuality?
Trinitarians suggest that the baptismal formula in Matthew 28:19 sets a precedent for believing in the Trinity, since, within it, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are juxtaposed. If such entities as President, Congress, and Constitution were taken as a cluster, I suppose Walter Martin (the "Original Bible Answer Man" and author of The Kingdom of the Cults) and M.R. DeHaan would consider the Constitution as a living personality.
Matthew 28:19 reads, "Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit." If we consider this verse more closely, we see the prepositions "in" (or "into") and "of." Taken together in this idiom, they suggest that the last item in the series would be the means by which the act can take place. Thus, people are baptized into the name of the Father and Son by means of the Holy Spirit.
» Luke 1:15: For he will be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink. He will also be filled with ["the" not in original Greek] Holy Spirit, even from his mother's womb.
» Luke 1:67: Now his father Zacharias was filled with ["the" not in original Greek] Holy Spirit, and prophesied, saying: . . .
» Luke 4:1 Then Jesus, being filled with ["the" not in original Greek] Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness, . . .
» Acts 2:4: And they were all filled with ["the" not in the original Greek] Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.
» Acts 4:8: Then Peter, filled with ["the" not in the original Greek] Holy Spirit, said to them, "Rulers of the people and elders of Israel: . . ."
» Acts 4:31: And when they had prayed, the place where they were assembled together was shaken; and they were all filled with ["the" not in the original Greek] Holy Spirit, and they spoke the word of God with boldness.
» Acts 6:3: "Therefore, brethren, seek out from among you seven men of good reputation, full of ["the" not in the original Greek] Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business; . . .
» Acts 7:55: But he, being full of ["the" not in original Greek] Holy Spirit, gazed into heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God, . . .
These verses, among many others throughout the entirety of Scripture, show that the Holy Spirit is a power rather than a personality.
Probably the most serious tampering of all was the spurious insertion into I John 5:7-8, "For there are three that bear witness [in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness on earth]: the Spirit, and the water, and the blood; and these three agree as one." In a footnote in The Emphatic Diaglott, we find, "This [inserted] text is not contained in any Greek manuscript which was written earlier than the fifth century—and was first cited by Virgilius Tapsensis, a Latin writer of no credit."
Many more verses from the Bible have been used to "prove" the existence of a Trinity in Scripture. We will examine some of those in Part Two.


I'm Ilana the Founder of Mindful Money Coaching, based in Zurich, Switzerland. I'm happily married with two young adult children both of whom are pursuing their life's passion.
I was born and raised in South Africa where I grew up with 3 older brothers and one younger. We lost our dad when I was just 14 which made it very difficult for my mom to be able to provide for us all. I recall my mom working 2 jobs to try and make ends meet, but often heard her crying late at night because she wasn't able to pay all the bills. When we had a celebration of some kind, my mom used to get my cousins to bring the food to our house. I went to birthday parties with very small gifts for my friends. I felt that I did not fit in and embarrassed by our situation. I was not dressed as well as my friends or had the toys they had. We did not have anything luxurious. I felt poor.
When I married and started a family of my own, I wanted a different life for my children. I overcompensated dramatically, always buying them the latest toys and designer clothes, throwing elaborate birthday parties and taking them on super expensive holidays. I had no idea about keeping a budget and was always overspending. My credit cards were often maxed out and we had no savings for a rainy day.
When our kids were 5 and 7, my husband took a contract in Europe and we moved to Luxembourg. Feeling guilty about uprooting the children and taking them away from their home, family, and friends I sought to appease it by overspending. So the pattern continued.
Every time a credit card statement arrived in the post, my husband and I would get into a fight. "The amount on the statement is a limit, not a target," he would tell me. I was told to keep a budget but I barely knew what that meant or how to do it. Some months he didn't want to get into another fight with me so would let it go. I saw this as my opportunity to shop again and would then hide the purchases from him.
Things got so bad that a friend suggested I go for Money therapy. I took the Money Type Quiz and started looking at my behaviour around money from an archetypal perspective. I saw the TYRANT in myself in the Controlling and Rigid behaviour, the materialistic mindset and the lack of fulfilment in my purchases. All those designer clothes and elaborate parties were symptoms of me seeking the things in life which money couldn't buy. And the urge to hide my spending from my family was there in this archetype too.
I recognised the MARTYR in how I felt I deserved everything that money could buy and wanted to make sure my own childhood wasn't revisited on my children. My inability to budget or see the need for restraint was recognisable in the INNOCENT. I was like an ostrich, hiding my head in the sand, waiting for someone to come and rescue me and unable to ask for the help I needed to manage my finances. It was then that I realized that my actions around money were being driven by a deep-seated subconscious place.
By working with a professional Money Coach I was able to identify and change my limiting behaviours towards money. I became conscious of those inner needs and then awareness came as I developed an increased personal understanding. I've broken free from my past patterns and have experienced an amazing life changing rebirth. It was then that I realized that this was something I wanted to devote my life to. Helping other woman break-free from the subconscious chains that hold them back and prevent them from living their life to the full has become my purpose. I enrolled with Money Coaching Institute and completed their Certified Money Coaching program. Through my training, I've learned how to help others identify the behavioral patterns they've inherited from their parents. I can help them identify which patterns are positive and worth keeping, and which ones are best to change. I've also learned how to help people transform their thinking and approach towards money from one which is self-destructive to one which is edifying and inspiring. Having experienced this liberation for myself, I'm passionate about helping women break free from self-doubt, low self-esteem and a lack of self-confidence. I am on a mission, I want to share with other woman what I have learnt. So, let me ask you… Are you creating your wealth so that you can do what and when you choose? Or are you using money as a substitute for something else? If you would like to explore your Relationship with money and experience the same liberation I have had, I'd be honoured to walk with you. Together we'll create a new exciting and prosperous future where you can live out your dreams with passion and inspiration. Start by taking the Money Type Quiz, then contact me and let's start the journey together.


It has to a bottle that many people have in order to be a true shoot out .
Maybe an Owen Casey soda, I believe these bottles come in a myriad of colors as well as varying degrees of crudeness.
Jamaica Gingers would also be an interesting and colorful category.
The last shootout I attended was at the Reno Expo. We had Circle Cutters, Drakes Bitters and Umbrella inks. Maybe we should consider something other than the bottles at the Expo. I like the idea of a soda that most of the western collectors have in their collections. We could consider a Hostetter's as there are plenty of them around in some crazy colors and crudeness.
As Richard mentioned it has to be a bottle that many collectors have. Some of the shootouts that I have attended have featured, London Jockey Clubhouse Gin, Cundurango, Rosenbaum bitters, western star base whiskies and Miller's flasks. I think the Lacour's, would be a good candidate for the bitters category. Maybe a one name Bear or a J. Moore for the whiskies. What do you think about the third category?
I go back to Jamaica Gingers for the third category.
Here is some other possibilities Catawba Wine Bitters this would open it to Eastern collectors as well .Jessie Moore Sole Agent ? Lots of those out there . How about a Bay City Soda .. For jakes you would have to settle on one example to do a shoot out .
There are many different brands of jakes in color...also we could have J. Walker's VB as these come in virtually every color imaginable.
Naturally, I'm a bit biased in the categories and think that a western whiskey deservers a spot. I'm in agreement with Rick with regards to the glop top Sole Agent / J. Moore. They've got everything going for them! Both RTS and I have lined up dozens at a time on a counter, like soldiers in formation. Regardless of whether they are shoulder vented or not, the variations in terms of molds, color, and crudity are endless. Most collectors who been around for a while have at least one on the shelf. I second the Jesse Moore.
Was just talking with Dave Hall and he suggested Gas Light Ammonia and/or USA Hospital bottles. I like his thinking! I also like the Jake & blob sodas suggestions. With the sodas it is difficult to set limitations, but I would suggest something like all green smooth base Western blob sodas, any embossing. That would be an interesting competition! I know we did IXLs at Auburn, but it would be great to see them appear on a National Show level (I know, I'm a little biased).


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text:
http://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/ismej.2014.77
Amphibian skin may select for rare environmental microbes View Full Text
Jenifer B Walke, Matthew H Becker, Stephen C Loftus, Leanna L House, Guy Cormier, Roderick V Jensen, Lisa K Belden
Host-microbe symbioses rely on the successful transmission or acquisition of symbionts in each new generation. Amphibians host a diverse cutaneous microbiota, and many of these symbionts appear to be mutualistic and may limit infection by the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which has caused global amphibian population declines and extinctions in recent decades. Using bar-coded 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we addressed the question of symbiont transmission by examining variation in amphibian skin microbiota across species and sites and in direct relation to environmental microbes. Although acquisition of environmental microbes occurs in some host-symbiont systems, this has not been extensively examined in free-living vertebrate-microbe symbioses. Juvenile bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), adult red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens), pond water and pond substrate were sampled at a single pond to examine host-specificity and potential environmental transmission of microbiota. To assess population level variation in skin microbiota, adult newts from two additional sites were also sampled. Cohabiting bullfrogs and newts had distinct microbial communities, as did newts across the three sites. The microbial communities of amphibians and the environment were distinct; there was very little overlap in the amphibians' core microbes and the most abundant environmental microbes, and the relative abundances of OTUs that were shared by amphibians and the environment were inversely related. These results suggest that, in a host species-specific manner, amphibian skin may select for microbes that are generally in low abundance in the environment. More... »
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2008-05. Antifungal skin bacteria, embryonic survival, and communal nesting in four-toed salamanders, Hemidactylium scutatum in OECOLOGIA
2006-01. Population trends associated with skin peptide defenses against chytridiomycosis in Australian frogs in OECOLOGIA
2013-07. Habitat degradation impacts black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) gastrointestinal microbiomes in THE ISME JOURNAL
2008-02. Diversity of cutaneous bacteria with antifungal activity isolated from female four-toed salamanders in THE ISME JOURNAL
2010-09. Rapidly denoising pyrosequencing amplicon reads by exploiting rank-abundance distributions in NATURE METHODS
2010-03. A complex journey: transmission of microbial symbionts in NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
2007-10-18. An ecological and evolutionary perspective on human–microbe mutualism and disease in NATURE
2007-05. The role of microorganisms in coral health, disease and evolution in NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
2011-01. The contribution of skin antimicrobial peptides to the system of innate immunity in anurans in CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
1964-03. Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis in PSYCHOMETRIKA
2009-07. Skin microbes on frogs prevent morbidity and mortality caused by a lethal skin fungus in THE ISME JOURNAL
2008-10. Worlds within worlds: evolution of the vertebrate gut microbiota in NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
2010-05. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data in NATURE METHODS
2012-03. Co-habiting amphibian species harbor unique skin bacterial communities in wild populations in THE ISME JOURNAL
2013-01. Quality-filtering vastly improves diversity estimates from Illumina amplicon sequencing in NATURE METHODS
2006-03. Amphibian Pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Is Inhibited by the Cutaneous Bacteria of Amphibian Species in ECOHEALTH
2012-08. Synergistic Inhibition of the Lethal Fungal Pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: The Combined Effect of Symbiotic Bacterial Metabolites and Antimicrobial Peptides of the Frog Rana muscosa in JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
2011-02. UniFrac: an effective distance metric for microbial community comparison in THE ISME JOURNAL
2011-08-03. Microbial Symbiont Transmission: Basic Principles and Dark Sides in BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS IN MULTICELLULAR LIFE FORMS
2011-09. Phylogenetic analysis of the fecal microbial community in herbivorous land and marine iguanas of the Galápagos Islands using 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing in THE ISME JOURNAL
2011-10. Evidence for a core gut microbiota in the zebrafish in THE ISME JOURNAL
2007-06. Spread of Chytridiomycosis Has Caused the Rapid Global Decline and Extinction of Frogs in ECOHEALTH
2007-08. How rhizobial symbionts invade plants: the Sinorhizobium–Medicago model in NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
2004-08. The winnowing: establishing the squid–vibrio symbiosis in NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
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MESH: Amphibians
MESH: Animals
MESH: Bacteria
MESH: Skin
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MESH: Water Microbiology
Dimensions: Collaborative Research: Diversity And Symbiosis: Examining The Taxonomic, Genetic, And Functional Diversity Of Amphibian Skin Microbiota
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text:
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JCU Hosts Humilitas Executive Director Gaia Mormina for Service Learning Lecture
JCU hosts Humilitas Executive Director Gaia Mormina for two lectures focused on illustrating the importance of soft skills when working in the humanitarian field.


The MSc in Marketing and Consumer Psychology is a programme that prepares young professionals from different backgrounds and industries for careers in marketing of products and services for businesses as well as non-profit-organizations.
This is a pioneering programme that not only covers traditional areas in marketing, but also psychological knowledge, and practical skills that are required for career success. The programme is designed to provide with an employment-focused curriculum to give its graduate a career advantage in consumer marketing.
Why choose the MSc in Marketing and Consumer Psychology?
Pioneering programme that combines marketing and consumer psychology to give graduates a career advantage.
Provides a gateway to careers in business organizations, non-profit companies, market research companies, advertising agencies and a wide range of other employers who need well-trained professionals in both market research and consumer psychology.
Practical approach to learning that includes real-world projects enabling students to apply their knowledge and skills to enhance their value in the job market. Curriculum is designed in conjunction with industry professionals and based on the needs of employers.
Professional and business development that helps students' learning and interaction, professional seminars are held regularly by inviting esteemed scholars and business practitioners to enrich our students with new ideas and perspectives.
Flexibility means that our intensive learning delivery allows flexibility to study around work commitments and the degree can be completed in two years.


MINSK - Belarus plans to place sovereign bonds in the markets of Russia and China, Belarus' Finance Minister Maksim Yermolovich said in an interview with the STV TV channel, BelTA has learned.
"We are preparing for the issue of sovereign bonds in local markets. These are the markets of China and the Russian Federation. We hope to borrow up to $2 billion in the local markets – Chinese, Russian and others - in the medium term," Maksim Yermolovich noted.
He noted that there are no plans to float eurobonds next year.
The minister also spoke about Belarus' cooperation with international financial institutions. "Our partnership is expanding. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development has been actively working in Belarus. The Finance Ministry is busy creating all necessary conditions for the operation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank in Belarus. We plan to become a member of the bank," said Maksim Yermolovich.


Rickey Poppell's background and experience promoting city festivals include the Kentucky Derby Festival (Louisville, Kentucky), the Sun Fun Festival (Myrtle Beach, SC), the St. Patty's Day Festival (Columbia, SC), in addition to co-founding the Festival By The Sea (Myrtle Beach, SC).
Maxwell Entertainment is a booking agency that is proud to represent some of America's most iconic, legendary performing artists and singing groups that kept jukeboxes playing for decades with the songs of the 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s that created the culture that made America the "Greatest Music on Earth".
Sonny Turner, resurrected The Platters popularity and success with hits, "Washed Ashore", "I Love You 1,000 Times", "With This Ring", after replacing Tony Williams. Still today, Sonny's stage presence and incredible voice connects audiences unlike any other and takes them back in time with The Platters' many hits, "Only You", "The Great Pretender", "Smoke Gets In Your Eyes" and so many more.when music was about love and relationships.
G.C. Cameron ... after returning from Viet Nam, landing the position as the lead singer of Motown's group, The Spinners, G.C. Cameron gave The Spinners their first hit with "It's A Shame", written and produced by Stevie Wonder. G.C.'s solo career began with the soundtrack of the Oscar nominated, Coolie High, movie. "It's So Hard To Say Goodby (To Yesterday)". G.C. is the only artists that's held the lead singer position with The Spinners and Motown's super group, The Temptations. The G.C. Cameron's Motown Revue stage show leaves the audiences with a thrill of the past that they will remember for the rest of their life. After all, it's that "Motown" experience. G.C.'s new nickname is "MR. SPINTATION".


text:
Can Computers Learn Common Sense?
The Ocean's Most Delicate Species
The Science of Puppies
Old Timber, New Climate Data
The Milky Way, from Scutum to Serpens and northern Sagittarius.Image by John Chumack / Science Source
Annals of Technology
What Are the Colors of Alien Life?
By Nicola Twilley
Just before it became the first man-made vessel to leave the solar system, in 1990, Voyager 1 took a portrait of Earth, some four billion miles away. Our pinprick of a planet occupied a mere twelve per cent of one pixel, but its atmosphere, rich in water, oxygen, and ozone, reflected and scattered the glow of the sun in an unmistakable way; the astronomer Carl Sagan dubbed Earth the "pale blue dot." Now, a quarter of a century later, a new generation of telescopes promises to let astronomers capture similarly small portraits of Earth-sized planets beyond our solar system—dots that may well be electric green or neon pink. And, just as Voyager's image of Earth provided a pale-blue clue to our planet's atmospheric chemistry, the colors of alien worlds will contain valuable information about their ability to support life. As Lynn Rothschild, an evolutionary biologist at NASA's Ames Research Center, put it, "You have to milk that one lousy pixel for everything it has got."
Last month, in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Rothschild and her colleagues Siddharth Hegde, Lisa Kaltenegger, Ryan Kent, and Ivan G. Paulino-Limab announced the creation of an open-access database that aims to help astronomers do just that. It is a library of so-called biosignatures, the colors that living creatures—in this case, a hundred and thirty-seven species of microbe—reflect back when illuminated. The spectra range from the egg-yolk yellow of Halorubrum chaoviator, a single-celled organism that was isolated from Pacific sea salt, to the deep blue-green of Dermocarpa violacea, a cyanobacterium that was collected from an aquarium outflow in La Jolla, California. Viewed side by side in their petri dishes, the library's sample colonies look like a set of punk eye shadows. "Among microbes, I think we've done a pretty darn good job of getting a snapshot of what colors exist on Earth," Rothschild said.
A selection of eight microbial colonies from the Cornell University astronomy department's biosignatures database.Image courtesy Hegde et al., PNAS, 2015.
Until recently, astronomers had focussed on analyzing a planet's reflected light for evidence that its atmosphere contained oxygen or other gases that are considered to be positive indicators for the presence of life. In 2002, however, they proved for the first time that a pigment—chlorophyll, the molecule that makes plants and certain algae appear green to our eyes—could serve as a biosignature. By observing Earthshine, the sunlight that is reflected from Earth onto the surface of the moon, they were able to detect a "vegetation red edge," a distinctive spike in the near-infrared region that is caused by chlorophyll. (To an alien equipped with infrared goggles, the faint glowing pixel that is Earth would actually have a hot-pink tinge.) But the chances of finding a chlorophyll-rich Earth analogue are slim. Indeed, if you had been an alien gazing at our planet relatively recently—four hundred and sixty million years ago, which is the equivalent of last Saturday on the cosmic calendar—land plants would not yet have been widespread, which would have meant no signature red edge. "Earth is the only example of life we have, and so we have to start from it," Rothschild said. "But we have to be clever about it." In other words, we have to go beyond chlorophyll to assemble a more expansive catalogue of life's possible colors.
For Rothschild's co-author Lisa Kaltenegger, the director of Cornell University's newly formed Institute for Pale Blue Dots, this realization came during a NASA conference at Yellowstone National Park, where she noticed that colonies of geyser-dwelling microbes come in a rainbow of reds, oranges, yellows, greens, and browns. Rothschild has spent much of her career collecting and studying these sorts of extremophiles—organisms whose preferred habitats are too salty, too hot, too cold, too dry, or too dark for the rest of us. Although they are not the most visible form of life on Earth today, it is not hard to imagine them dominating other, hotter, colder, drier, darker, or saltier worlds. According to Rothschild and Kaltenegger, as we examine reflected light from around the galaxy, we're at least as likely to spot an extremophile's biosignature as an oak tree's.
The database has its limitations. For starters, a planet orbiting a hot blue-white star will not have the same reflectance characteristics as a planet orbiting a cooler red dwarf. Moreover, certain surface features—mineral deposits, gases, ices—can distort the light, obscuring biosignatures or producing false positives. In the nineteen-fifties, the Harvard astronomer William Sinton made reflectance measurements of Mars that appeared to indicate the presence of lichen-type organisms. A decade later, the pattern that he observed was revealed to have been caused by molecules of heavy water in Earth's own atmosphere. As Kaltenegger noted, matching the colors of life can only ever serve as a guide to, rather than a confirmation of, life's presence. "We can say, 'This planet looks pinkish,' and then we can say, 'Well, on Earth that would be this kind of algae,' " she said. "What we can't say is that there is no other explanation for pinkishness."
Being able to consult a library of biosignatures, however, will undoubtedly prove helpful. At the time that NASA launched Kepler, its planet-hunting spacecraft, in early 2009, astronomers had identified only about three hundred planets beyond our solar system. Most were gas giants, like Jupiter, and none looked particularly hospitable to life. But Kepler has identified more than a thousand smaller, more Earth-like planets within its narrow band of observation. Last month, researchers at Denmark's Niels Bohr Institute, extrapolating from Kepler's findings, suggested that there may be many billions of watery and rocky (and therefore potentially life-supporting) planets in the Milky Way alone. Though we won't be paying these alien Earths a visit anytime soon, we can begin the process of sorting through them and selecting the best candidates now.
The developers of the database see ways of expanding its usefulness. Kaltenegger is at work on a paper discussing how much of a planet's surface an organism has to cover in order to be detectable. Rothschild has been collaborating with a team of undergraduates from Stanford and Brown to engineer an artificial extremophile called Hell Cell; the project, or one like it, may free future astronomers from their terracentricity by giving them access to the biosignatures of speculative, synthetic life-forms. In the meantime, Rothschild expects her colleagues at NASA to find applications for the database here on Earth. The agency already uses satellite measurements of chlorophyll to detect whether crops are healthy or stressed; this new spectral catalogue could help track ebbs and flows in Earth's microbiome, too. In contemplating the color of alien pixels, Rothschild, Kaltenegger, and their colleagues have opened the door to a better understanding of the only life that we know—in all of its multicolored, high-resolution splendor.
Nicola Twilley, a frequent contributor to The New Yorker, co-hosts the podcast "Gastropod." She is working on a book about refrigeration's transformative power.
More:AliensAstronomyCarl SaganColorCornell UniversityexoplanetsExtraterrestrialsNASA (National Aeronautics & Space Administration)Science
Slide Show: Rocks, Paper, Sinners
The Martian Chroniclers
A new era in planetary exploration.
By Burkhard Bilger
The Fossil Flowers That Rewrote the History of Life
Some of the world's first flowers burned in wildfires more than a hundred million years ago. Else Marie Friis rediscovered them.
By Ben Crair
A Hotter Planet Takes Another Toll on Human Health
A new hypothesis about heat waves, redlining, and kidney stones.
By Bill McKibben


text:
Q: Can we use multiple stack in Qt's Undo Framework (Command Pattern ) I am having a QgraphicsView which contains multiple QGraphicsItem. I have some features like zoom-in, zoom-out, Hide - Unhide selected item, Undo-Redo.
To implement Undo-Redo feature, I am using Qt's Undo framework ( Command Pattern).
I want to separate out Undo-Redo feature of zoom-in/out with Undo-Redo feature of Hide/Unhide.
In a nutshell, I do not want to use same stack for all Undo-Redo feature. Separate stack for zoom-in/out and separate stack for Hide-Unhide.

Is separate stack possible ? If yes, then how to do that ?

Below Undo-Redo code is of Zoom-in/out and it just for reference purpose.
myCommand.h
class myCommand: public QUndoCommand
{
public:
    myCommand();
    myCommand(double scale, QGraphicsScene* scene,QGraphicsView* view);
private:
       QGraphicsItem* mItem;
       QGraphicsScene* mScene;
       QGraphicsView* mView;
       double scaleFactor;
       void undo();
       void redo();
}

myCommand.cpp
myCommand::myCommand(double scale, QGraphicsScene *scene,QGraphicsView* view): mScene(scene),
        mView(view),scaleFactor(scale)
    {}
void guiCommand::undo()
 {
      mView->scale(1/scaleFactor,1/scaleFactor);
 }

void myCommand::redo()
{
     mView->scale(scaleFactor,scaleFactor);
}

myView.cpp
 void myView::ZoomIn()
    {
        double scaleFactor = 1.1;
        myCommand* command1 = new myCommand(scaleFactor,scene,view);
        undoStack->push(command1);
        view->scale(scaleFactor,scaleFactor);
    }

   void myView::ZoomOut()
   {
      double scaleFactor = 1.1;
      myCommand* command2 = new myCommand(1/scaleFactor,_scene,_view);
      undoStack->push(command2 );
      view->scale(1/scaleFactor,1/scaleFactor);
   }

myView.h
public:
 QUndoStack* undoStack;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Hazing Incident Leaves Some Cottage Grove Residents Wanting Answers
KLCC | By Brian Bull
Confusion and frustration surrounds an alleged hazing incident at Cottage Grove High School.
Outside the school, Renee Anderson holds a sign that asks, "WHAT'S GOING ON?" Like many parents, she's concerned over reports that a student athlete was assaulted with a broomstick. Anderson says she really craves one thing from the CGHS administration.
Credit Brian Bull / KLCC
Cottage Grove High School, Cottage Grove.
"Freedom of information into knowing what is going on at my child's school in a timely manner, especially when a potential crime has gone down," she says. "I don't know where I'm at! I feel like I'm in the Twilight Zone, what's happening to our town?"
In a letter to families, the South Lane School District has apologized for its handling of information on the situation. But it says accounts of rape and sexual crimes are not consistent with its investigation. Two 15-year-old boys have been cited for physical harassment, and a representative with Lane County Health and Human Services tells KLCC thy've been assigned a juvenile counselor.
Copyright 2019, KLCC.
Crime, Law & Justice South Lane School DistrictCottage Grove High Schoolhazing
Brian Bull joined the KLCC News Team in June 2016. In his 25+ years as a public media journalist, he's worked at NPR, Twin Cities Public Television, South Dakota Public Broadcasting, Wisconsin Public Radio, and ideastream in Cleveland. His reporting has netted dozens of accolades, including four national Edward R. Murrow Awards (19 regional), the Ohio Associated Press' Best Reporter Award, Best Radio Reporter from the Native American Journalists Association, and the PRNDI/NEFE Award for Excellence in Consumer Finance Reporting.
See stories by Brian Bull
Cottage Grove Teens Arrested Following Hazing Incident At High School
A hazing incident at Cottage Grove High School is stirring up anger and controversy. As KLCC's Brian Bull reports, a junior varsity football player says…


text:
Overworked Prosecutor Thinking Of Taking Police Brutality Case As A Little Vacation
CLEVELAND—Reasoning that he has earned some much-needed rest and relaxation, overworked Cuyahoga County prosecutor Brian Gorman told reporters Thursday that he is thinking of taking on a police brutality case as a nice little vacation. "Honestly, I've had a pretty grueling caseload over the past few months, so I'm looking forward to just kicking back, throwing together some halfhearted spiel about the broad powers of police, and letting the grand jury spit out an acquittal," said Gorman, adding that, without any real pressure to secure an indictment, he'll be able to take his foot off the gas at work for a few weeks and recharge his batteries during the proceedings to determine whether there is enough evidence to bring charges against a police officer accused of killing a suspect. "Don't get me wrong, I've still got to show up and establish that I've been building a case, but nobody is really going to ride me too hard on this. I did one of these a year ago, so it should be the same dog and pony show where I roll out whatever evidence the department handed over and let the jury ruminate on all the gaping holes in the case I was unable to fully address. Then they'll say there's no probable cause and I get to go home." Despite looking forward to the case, Gorman told reporters that he expects to be completely swamped with work prosecuting protesters arrested in the days following the acquittal.


Lakefront home in the gated community of Enchanted Bay! Beautiful water views! This gorgeous two-story home features frieze carpet throughout and hardwood floors in living areas. A spacious kitchen that opens to the den and breakfast room. Guest bedroom (or study) on first floor. Huge master with views of the lake! Master suite with separate jetted tub & shower and double vanity. Game room upstairs with wood floors! High ceilings and lots of natural light! Beautiful move-in ready home!


Calapooia Street on the west side of the Albany Post Office block, Thursday afternoon.
So how's Albany's new back-in angled parking working out? OK, I guess, but I'm getting a little worried about the new trees the city just paid to have planted.
Diagonal back-in parking on two blocks was part of the design for redoing the streets and sidewalks around the post office. A contractor completed the job this winter. It is the first phase of a larger downtown streetscape improvement program (without angled parking, back-in or otherwise).
On Calapooia Street on the post office's west side, motorists have adopted the new pattern even though parking spots have not yet been painted on the pavement.
Back-in angled parking has started on this block of Calapooia. It's also provided for in front of the post office on Second. In the background, the Albany Carousel building.
Riding past there on my bike on the way somewhere else, I happened to notice this. I also noticed that in a couple of cases, the rear ends of vehicles came pretty close to the new trees. A matter of inches, I would say. I'm wondering whether the designers of the tree placement were quite aware of one aspect of back-in parking: Vehicles end up hanging over the sidewalk, especially when we're talking vans and pickups.
Not much room to spare between rear bumper and new tree.
Don't agree with the backend parking and I am so upset about all the trees that have been cut down. I don't agree with all the money they're going to spend to change the walkways. The city needs to correct all of the roads in this town it's ridiculous to go down 12th St. and jolt your way all the way down it. It's ridiculous to spend millions on the streets that are perfect and not correct the ones that are bad.
The people that have a problem with back in parking are the same as those that have a problem with parallel parking. You're not supposed to drive by Braille, you don't have to go until you hit your tire on the curb.
I have not bought into the argument that backing into a diagonal parking space is something bad since if one pulled into a diagonal space head first, the only way out is to back out. Go try it in Corvallis, park with a large/long vehicle to your left and you will see how difficult it is to have clear vision when backing out.
The insane thing to do is plant trees or put objects like trash cans or benches to back into.
Maybe the Carousel or City budget should include valet parking for those who can't back up.
Lori Schumacher, the city engineer who helped develop the streetscape project, explained on Facebook: The tree locations were designed to be in line with the parking stripes so that no tree is directly behind a parking space. The striping has not been installed yet, so vehicles are not parking exactly where they should be and some are coming into conflict with the new trees.
The city is just thinking ahead – in another 20 years all the cars will be self-driving and the problem will be solved.


text:
using System;
using Nimbus.MessageContracts;

namespace ChatterBox.MessageContracts.Users.Requests
{
    public class PreviousMessagesRequest : IBusRequest<PreviousMessagesRequest, PreviousMessagesResponse>
    {
        protected PreviousMessagesRequest()
        {
        }

        public PreviousMessagesRequest(Guid targetUserId, Guid fromId, int numberOfMessages, Guid callingUserId)
        {
            if (targetUserId == Guid.Empty)
                throw new ArgumentException("Guid cannot be empty.", "targetUserId");

            if (fromId == Guid.Empty)
                throw new ArgumentException("Guid cannot be empty.", "fromId");

            if (callingUserId == Guid.Empty)
                throw new ArgumentException("Guid cannot be empty.", "callingUserId");

            TargetUserId = targetUserId;
            FromId = fromId;
            NumberOfMessages = numberOfMessages;
            CallingUserId = callingUserId;
        }

        public Guid TargetUserId { get; private set; }

        public Guid FromId { get; private set; }

        public int NumberOfMessages { get; private set; }

        public Guid CallingUserId { get; private set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sindh oder Sind bezeichnet:

 Sindh, pakistanische Provinz
 Sindh (Staat), historischer Staat
 Sind (Jhelam), Nebenfluss des Jhelam in Jammu und Kashmir (Indien)
 Sindh (Yamuna), Nebenfluss der Yamuna in Nord-Indien
 alternativer Name für den Fluss Indus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Resiliency Initiative
Resiliency Initiative Resources
Our City, Our Future: Building Resilient Neighborhoods
As a leading multi-disciplinary organization focused on the built environment, ULI Chicago is well positioned to convene its members and partner organizations to develop best practices for a restoration framework following the COVID-19 pandemic to help build a more equitable, sustainable and resilient Chicago region. Cities have long been the crucibles of innovation and growth and for Chicago to continue to thrive in that role, we need a shared, inclusive vision for the future that includes all neighborhoods. Identifying opportunities for encouraging capital investment across all sectors of the built environment, with a focus on uplifting all neighborhoods and residents by addressing ongoing structural disinvestment, will be a key part of ULI Chicago's Resiliency Initiative. Sustainable development practices that help build climate resilience will be an integral part of recommendations.
The Initiative will focus on developing a framework for building equitable and sustainable neighborhoods as building blocks of a thriving, resilient city. ULI Chicago is convening four task forces to help identify key physical, social and economic elements that help build resilience at the neighborhood and at the city level and develop recommendations and an action plan to encourage and nurture them in Chicago's neighborhoods. We will work in partnership with the City of Chicago to provide recommendations that will inform the City's citywide plan. The four task forces will focus on:
Housing Diversity. For-sale and rental housing that is affordable for various income levels, supports health & safety of residents in different life stages.
Economic Opportunity. Access to education, jobs, and opportunity for all households, especially households of color, to promote stability.
Physical Infrastructure. Strategic investments to improve mobility, access to safe drinking water and manage urban flooding. Ensuring that existing/new infrastructure advances sustainability and is designed to withstand the impacts of extreme heat and cold associated with climate change.
Social Infrastructure. Promoting contextual neighborhood development that enhances access to services & resources such as fresh foods, healthcare, open space, arts and that celebrates the rich architectural and cultural heritage of Chicago's neighborhoods.
The Resiliency Initiative is co-chaired by:
Ciere Boatright, Vice President, Real Estate and Inclusion, Chicago Neighborhood Initiatives
Pamela Daniels-Hailsi, Managing Director, Community Development Lending, BMO Harris
Scott Goldstein, Principal, Teska Associates
Jacques Sandberg, Vice President, Affordable Housing, Related Midwest


text:
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My Fathers, My Mother and Me. Photo Courtesy of Slamdance Film Festival.
Slamdance Film Review: My Fathers, My Mother and Me
By Christian Schultz
My Fathers, My Mother and Me / Meine Keine Familie
Director: Paul-Julien Robert
In Meine Keine Familie (My Fathers, My Mother and Me), director Paul-Julien Robert investigates the conditions of his childhood in the Freidrichshof Commune in Bergenland, Austria, where he was born and raised. Founded by Viennese Action artist Otto Muehl in 1972 on the premise of communal property, free sexuality and the dissolution of the nuclear family, the commune was home to dozens of far-left activists and their children until its dissolution in 1990. Throughout the film, Robert and his mother Florence navigate their own relationship in relation to the philosophy and structure of the commune in open and honest conversations, revealing Florence's idealism and her son's trepidation as one children raised under it. Muehl becomes an increasingly troubling presence as the film goes on, appearing as a controlling cult-like leader, using the inhabitants of his commune like puppets on an expressionist stage in "Aktionanalysis" or self-exposure therapy, which residents were required to perform in front of the commune on a daily basis. But it is Robert's relationship with his mother, and search for a biological father that propel the heart of the film—an exploration of family. –Christian Schultz
Posted in: Community, Events, Festival Coverage, Local Events CommunityTagged: Slamdance Film Festival 2015
© 2020 SLUG Magazine. All rights reserved.


We have no idea what we are. Our view of life seems to get more and more narrow. For most people it is nothing more than the avoidance of suffering and pursuit of pleasure. Sure, we may have family, friends, neighbors, and colleagues, but life is wrapped up in self, and not much more. Let's be honest, why do we pursue what we pursue? Who is it for? The other guy or yourself? I don't assume this is everyone, but the self-driven life is certainly driving the traffic of much human endeavor today. I am not surprised by this. After being told for so long that life has no meaning, the universe shrinks and shrinks until it is no bigger than me.
But it's not true. We are not meaningless blobs of tissue, the happenstance of random, mindless processes, existing only for a few short years simply to decompose to recyclable waste. But perhaps you knew that already. You may even be a person of faith – a believer in the one true God, the God of Israel, the God of the Bible. Maybe you pray and read that Bible of yours. You try to live a good life, keeping out of trouble as much as you can. You've got your ticket to heaven, or so you think, which gives you something to look forward to beyond your feeble current existence. But as for your feeble existence, is your life, your world, any bigger than that of your atheistic or agnostic friends? You have "Jesus in your heart," and you know that's supposed to make a difference, but this eternal life you claim to have has a tendency to shrivel up into the same self-focus of most everybody else.
It's because we don't get it. We don't get that there is something really big going on. The world has its issues, of course. The Bible doesn't pretend otherwise. Rebellion against God is at the core of all human dysfunction as well as the broken nature of the planet in which we live. But the purpose of life isn't found in biding our time as we medicate our suffering through all sorts of distractions as we wait for heaven. We are here on a mission – God's mission. All humans have been mandated by God, whether we know him or not, to be his representatives on earth (see Bereshit/Genesis 1:26-28). Through Yeshua the Messiah we are more than adequately equipped to not only fulfill that mandate, but to rescue others from sin and its effects (see Matthew 28:18-20).
Because people are made in God's image, every one of us has potential for great positive impact. Yet we squander what we are due to ignorance. If we would only know what we are, we would get our eyes off ourselves and onto the grand mission God has for us.
When Rebekah, Isaac's wife, was pregnant, she was concerned about the turmoil she felt inside. Asking God what was going on, he told her that she was carrying two nations. Get that? Not two blobs of tissue. Two nations. Not two products of pregnancy that may develop into something more one day. Two nations.
I understand that not every human being will necessarily generate offspring like Jacob and Esau did. But the potential for life that exists within every human being at the point of conception should encourage us to see that we are part of something way bigger than ourselves. God's initiation of the universe and his intent on rescuing it from our mismanagement includes, not precludes, the ongoing generation of more human beings.
The Scripture is clear that everything that is wrong with the world is because of humans. But it is equally clear that the solution to everything that is wrong with the world is also human beings. That's why God became human to save the creation. And that's why he is calling us to be part of his rescue mission today. The more we embrace that mission, the bigger our world will become.
Abraham is depicted in the Bible as the model of faith. It was him of whom we read, "He believed the Lord, and he counted it to him as righteousness" (Bereshit/Genesis 15:6). It was his trust in God (faith is trust) that established his right relationship with God. What did he trust God for? The seemingly impossible prospect of innumerable offspring (see Bereshit/Genesis 15:5). Why was this a seemingly impossible prospect? He and his wife, Sarah, were childless and already advanced in years. They astonishingly have the child of promise when Abraham is one hundred years old and Sarah is ninety.
In this week's parsha (Torah reading portion), Sarah dies, and sometime later Abraham remarries. Obviously, he is way over a hundred by now, but ends up having a whack of kids through his second wife, Keturah. Not bad for an old man, eh? But wait a second! I thought Abraham couldn't conceive. Perhaps God healed whatever his condition was, so that he could have Isaac, the promised one. But that's not right. Years before, after waiting and waiting and still no child, Sarah suggested going the surrogate mother route through her servant Hagar (see Genesis 16). Can't say for sure, but looks like Hagar conceived pretty quickly. You know what that means, don't you? The problem wasn't with Abraham. It was Sarah who couldn't conceive, at least not until God intervened.
If I am right, then Abraham's faith challenge was not his own inability, but his wife's. Did he understand that? He must have. They knew how conception worked. The Bible tells us many times something to the effect of so-and-so lay with her, and she conceived. Abraham knew he could produce kids. And he knew Sarah couldn't. And yet he stuck with her until the end. He was open to the surrogacy solution, and appeared to believe that that was part of God's plan until told differently. He thought it was funny when it became clear that his wife would finally conceive. Isaac, meaning laughter, would be identified with this act of heavenly humor forever. It was funny, but he went for it, lying with his long-time committed spouse at least one more time.
While many of the challenges to our fulfilling God's will are due to our own weaknesses, struggles, and so on, we often find ourselves, like Abraham, frustrated by issues arising from others. Being confronted by actual enemies is one thing, but being constrained by those closest to us is another. How many people have started off on some Great Adventure and have been thwarted in pursuing what are clearly God-given goals, hitting a rock wall because of a loved one? Household obligations may dictate holding off on all sorts of noble, inspired objectives.
Abraham's willingness to alleviate his situation only stemmed as far as surrogacy within the confines of his understanding of the cultural norms of the day. But that didn't resolve the matter. Note that he never took a second wife. Maybe God kept him from that temptation by taking him to a hostile, alien land. We don't know. What we do know is that God wasn't put off by the length of time or Sarah's infertility and that Abraham was willing to cooperate with the details of God's plan as they were revealed to him.
There may be times when we unnecessarily accept obstacles to God's plans for our lives. We may assume a false sense of responsibility towards family, friends, or business. We may have misguided financial expectations. But at other times, we need to resist skirting God-given limitations, trusting he knows what he is doing and will bring to pass whatever he wants in his time and in his way.
Some time later, God would say to Isaac, concerning his dad: "Abraham obeyed my voice and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws" (Bereshit/Genesis 26:5). The exemplary nature of Abraham's faith is not confined to a few highlighted moments, but includes a lifestyle, imperfect though it was, loyal to God. This is no less found in his faithfulness to Sarah in spite of her insufficiency. He knew that the God who called him to be a great nation had also determined that marriage be permanent. He accepted the challenge and became the father of all who truly believe.