The chenille base cloth on the base and arms of the sofa cover is incredibly long lasting that provides long-lasting security. Varying from queen size to little sleeper sofas, they are made from remarkable quality fabric. To buy a full set of furniture you can search for queen size sofas that go along with a loveseat. Simmons Upholstery Carlyle Queen Sleeper Sofa and Simmons Upholstery Carlyle Queen Sleeper Sofa and Loveseat are the two items that you can constantly search for. An outstanding design is produced by the wooden surface at the front that makes it look beautiful. The big collection of adjustable styles offered by Carlyle Custom Convertibles deserves admiring.
If there is definitely one thing that folks prepare for considerably a lot more of from contemporary houses, it may be area. Provided the high expense of realty, there is definitely a sensation that they may be to not get right worth for the income they are spending. Besides scaled-down rooms, it truly is likewise the change in life-style that is another cause for this area insufficiency dealt with by males and females. These days, various family devices appear to end up being using up a lot more of the home readily available, and that is causing an extreme absence of storage area. It's therefore a case of easily available area not ending up being made use of in the excellent manner achievable. One repair service for the problem may be to utilize area underneath the furniture and in this regard, some sort of storage bed is the very best product to produce this happen.
This course of recliner comes in a range of designs and features. The motorized versions typically have a push-button control panel. This enables you to trigger and shut down various features on the recliner. The relaxation rubbing recliners make use of an air compression system. Air compression benefits providing a compression design massage. This push and draws on the larger muscles of the body to provide relief from stiffness and tiredness. Music is a wonderful way to unwind your mind. Lots of relaxation recliners have music players and earphones. This assists you tune out the ambient environment and unwind your mind.
Another popular though costly range of sofas is that of leather sofas. These are thought about to be the grandest of them all since they are made from leather, which is thought about to be utmost in course, quality, and comfort. This type of sofa ought to be chosen if budget plan is not a concern for you as these are rather costly. They will likewise be an ideal option if you have kids in the house. They are much easier to clean and you need not worry about them getting spoiled if your kids spill something over them. When you buy a sofa made from leather, you can be sure that it will constantly continue to be in fashion and will never ever lose its beauty and magnificence.
Ranges of corner sofas consist of types such as the corner sofa bed due to their extreme space effectiveness. Corner sofa beds can easily be made into an extra bed by easily attaching it to other products of best reclining sofa. A corner sofa bed can be an excellent option for a little room since it will certainly make the room appear bigger. An L configuration couch set lends a more advanced, graceful want to a living-room, while offering comfort and style. The corner sofa sits in an L configuration, an appearance that numerous consider classy and graceful. The terrific aspect of armless corner sofas is that they can be combined with other sofas to develop an even greater sectional sofa with extra seating.
This could not really be necessary, but it works as a great precautionary measure. Search for certification from either the American Medical Association or any various other reliable medical team. Such certifications are typically bestowed on products according to their treatment potential. This ought to offer you even more guarantee that you are without a doubt getting the very best pillow for neck pain.
Leather material is undoubtedly elegant and sleek, and it secures your recliner from discolorations like hot sauce and beverage spills. However leather can significantly raise the rate of a chair, and it is more susceptible to scratches. As an option to leather, you can attempt a micro fiber product. It offers a suede-like shine surface. Have it scotch-guarded to secure the recliner from discolorations. There are cases when a recliner looks actually great and beautiful in a shop, however not a lot any longer as soon as you bring it at home. It might not be blending well with your floor and walls. It could be making your home want to stuffy and congested. In any case, you can always return it instantly and have it exchanged. Do not settle if you are not kindlied with the purchase because you will be seeing that piece of furniture daily.
To the pleasure, there is an extensive range of recliners on sale, of differing designs and design. In addition, there is a selection of frames to choose, furniture fabrics and umpteen features to make it a piece of utility. Leather recliners look stunning in the home or even in your relaxing room, including an unique design and sophistication with the mix of luxury. There are different types of recliners available at leading furnishings establishments today, with luxurious head, hand and foot rest. You can likewise purchase recliners online to pick from an extensive range of designs and design. So, take your pick, today!
One aspect of the room that we feel that gets ignored quite typically is the night table. Everybody concentrates on the bed, bed frame and headboards and ignores it. I don't know about you, however my night table is a lifesaver and has actually helped out in many means. We wish to cover everything in the room so there's no chance we were gonna leave this little person out. There's no restriction to what you can put next to your bed and use as your night table. Want to get a bit more imaginative? It's all as much as you and your design. You can really bring the area together when you find a night table that's the right fit for your room. Appearances aren't constantly everything though and functionality plays a part too. Think of the use and abuse your night table will certainly withstand while searching for the right one. They not only serve visual functions, however they bring more light into the area.
What good is all that effort put into decorating if it can't even be seen? A lot of importantly the nightstand light gives you light right where you desire it. It allows you to obtain relaxing and read your favorite book or browse through the most recent concern or Coastal Living or Elle Decor. If you're more of an in bed reader look at lights that will certainly enable you to do so and make it easier to give you available light after dark like our Paris Desk Lamp. If you already have your nook setup in the corner of your room and take pleasure in checking out there then the Jamie Young French Bottle Lamp will certainly give you that perfect touch of light in your room and look excellent on your night table. Call it old fashion, however I like to have an alarm system clock on my night table. Yes, my phone is right there and has the exact same functions, if not more, however something about alarm clocks make me feel comfortable and classic. Mobile phone with built in alarm systems weren't constantly around and I've had them fail on me a variety of times. Alarm clocks likewise bring in a fun design aspect too. You can find charming ones that have a terrific classic design like the Ritz Alarm Clock or if you're into digital ones you can perform too. In any case we such as alarm clocks on our night table.
If you really want the long master dresser, you can acquire this with or without the mirror. You have 8 spacious drawers to use, and the top enables you even more space for decor, or for extra area. You will have to have adequate space to position it in, however they will make the space feel sophisticated. If you have to have a smaller sized dresser, then the high chest can offer you a wonderful option. These are 6 drawer vertical dressers with the very same quality construction and looks of the other pieces. Some might decide to have both dressers, and since they are part of a set, you understand that the colors and products will be a best match. Dressers can offer you a means to hold clothes and keep your room cool, however they can likewise offer beauty to your room. Dressers are extremely versatile since they can accent the space or offer extra area for designs.
These bedding sets are the most optimal covers for the comforters due to the fact that they not just preserve the sanitation of the comforters but also are a great way to redecorate your bedroom You can also examine out their collections from the online bedding stores. The online stores also have a broad range of collections of these bedding sets.
In basic, bed room best reclining sofa sets or any furniture ought to constantly be of excellent quality. Bed room dressers are used for many functions and are extremely functional, so it is vital to select bed room dressers that are of excellent quality. Check for durable building with the presence of clamps, dowels and screws in location of staples, glue. Strong wood is the greatest, most attractive and most costly method to make a dresser. While a strong wood dressers cost more, they are extremely durable. Veneer and composite wood is likewise a great option as they make excellent quality dressers. Selecting a room dresser with a mirror adds more style and area to the room. It is important to keep in mind the sizes and shape of the mirror. The size of the mirror ought to be in proportion to the size of the dresser, and ought to be centered above the dresser.
Ottoman beds are popular for its one recognized function, storage. They are elegant and area effective and proves to be a great investment. Bed furniture is something that one invests for a long term and ottomans serve their purpose the most ideal. When room area is a restriction then storage area ends up being a fantastic issue. Specifically if you are regularly visited by visitors for sleep over. One will certainly not just need to provide them with extra sleeping area but likewise extra bed linen. For cold nations having extra blankets are needed if one wants to survive. Therefore picking the ideal furniture is essential; one which showcases all the essentials, like comfort and storage, in one item itself.
Third, you ll have to choose a leather recliner or a fabric one. If you decide to choose leather there are a variety of benefits that it provides. Leather wears incredibly well and you can expect to see anywhere from 15-20 years of use. Leather is very easy to clean and there are many brand names of leather cleaning and conditioning items in the market that will help you keep your leather furniture looking and feeling excellent. You can also choose a recliner in material. Leather is frequently offered in solid colors with material you ll discover many various designs and patterns. Material can be cleaned making use of furniture cleaners or having it done expertly. Many brand-new kinds of fabrics are also offered consisting of microfiber which has a suede feel to it however is really man made. Microfiber can frequently be cleaned with a mild cleaning agent and a soft fabric.
The very best part of ottoman beds is that it not just offers excellent storage but likewise convenience to you at sleep. It s a creative design using the area underneath your bed, which opts for waste the majority of the times. The mattress fits well on the top and nobody can know the additional advantage it holds underneath. This makes the room appearance neat and tidy without consuming any even more of the little area the floor offers. One can find excellent ranges of ottoman beds online also. There are online best reclining sofa stores which helps their customers to get the very best deal for the luxury they prefer. Likewise you can find products from various other countries to match your elegant interiors. They are easy to be delivered and worth the rate.
Here you can lower your back and even bring your foot up for complete reclining. Sitting down or turning up is likewise easy makings it extremely clinical for elderly or those experiencing back or joint pain. Not surprising that people are opening as much as the myriad linked advantages and making a beeline for acquiring these versatile pieces of furniture. Standard recliners are the fundamental types, which you can position in two different kinds of positions consisting of the upright and horizontal positions for lying down. These are economical to purchase and any person with adequate area to position it in residence can go all out. Nevertheless, lower rate ranges signify that there are limited ranges readily available connected to design, color, and designs. This is the reason many individuals do not choose the traditional ranges.
This modern sectional sofa is excellent for good for celebrations, for enjoying motion pictures as well as for extending after a long day at work. These sofas bring modification and a romantic appearance in your living room. There is nothing in the whole world that can change and provide your living room a lovely appearance than the modern sectional sofas. Their wide range of color offers you a chance to select a color that will certainly match with the rest of your house accessories. These modern sofas provide you the convenience you need particularly when you build up some textured cushions and bean bags as well as a couple of matching side stools. Although these seats tend to be really costly, many people substitute the adequate convenience that they bring with them with the high quantities of cash and still acquire them for their homes or offices. The modern sectional sofas are created to bring out the executive furnish to a house which is why they outperform the rest of the seats.
The purchase of new couch is a substantial investment, and one that shouldn't be undertaken without checking out all the alternatives for design and upholstery. Leather sofas have some advantages that are not found in other type of couch. You must think about leather for beauty, style, sturdiness and convenience. Leather couches are identifieded for their sturdiness. They can last for many years and look excellent throughout their whole life time. You will not need to buy another sofa in a couple of months just because the initial looks dated and worn. A leather couch is likely to last for many years with proper care and cleaning. You just wipe off the stains, clean with leather cleaner and use leather preservative to refinish the surface area of the leather.
Air massage systems are now being integrated into numerous recliners. These systems give a compression massage. Compression massage uses a pressing and drawing force on various muscles to bring back flexibility. One of very easing kind of therapy being integrated into recliners is vibration massage. Sophisticated programs are being utilized to deliver various pulsing and rhythmic vibration. This is a wonderful means to get deep penetration with the muscle tissue for a row relief.
Toughness is an additional prime reason for selecting a futon. Easy moving makes futons a wonderful option for any space of the personal or office. Futons are simple to assemble, dismantle and relocate to an additional space or a totally different address.
You will also need to select the most excellent materials for the children bedroom sets that will fit all tastes, as well as the existing dcor in the space. There are some remarkable low-cost children bedroom sets readily available; nonetheless, they tend to be really generic, and defectively made. No matter what kid's bedroom sets you select, your children will adore the reality they had an input into the choice.
The thing I would determine as the main excellent element about owning one of the convertible sofa beds is their evident energy. Many people I offered these critters to called them hide-a-beds. And that's exactly what they are. The bed hides away inside what seems a typical looking couch. If living area is restricted, and the need exists for another bed for a guest to sleep on, then this makes a great alternative to setting up a different bed when it is only going to be utilized occasionally. You sort of get the very best of two worlds. Full use of a sofa couch, and use as a bed. Convertible sofa beds are easy to set up and can normally be easily done by only one individual. Just eliminate the cushions, get hold of a hold of the little center manage thing and raise and towards you. Out pulls a folded bed that can then be made up and utilized. Like my youngest little girl says, "Easy peazy, lemon squeazy.".
Sophisticated designs are used with floral designs and tassels. These pillows can offer a finishing touch to the interiors of a space. Couch pillows are covered with fabric matching to those of the fabric used for drapes and window dressing. Invisible zip closures are elegantly incorporated while making these pillows. Couch pillows are ideal presents for housewarming parties. Couch pillows that are hand made can be sewn with special designs. It is possible to use beads and sequins to embellish couch pillows. Beautifully embroidered pillows can mix with nearly any background. Intricate designs might take longer for conclusion. There are cushion makers who make pillows as per the requirement of the buyer. Colors and designs can be picked from samples offered with the makers. Conversely, purchasers can suggest a traditional design that would mix with the atmosphere of the room.
A cream sofa does not need to be dull. It might be a possession to your space. Plus, it's relatively versatile so you'll be able to have it for several years to come. It is going to function with all distinct color combinations, and decoration types. This suggests that your room can seriously be embellished without spending lots of dollars. However, you might truly want to get varied strategies to bring color into the room to still make remarkable spaces. Right here are a handful of guidelines on the very best method to do that on a cost variety. Obviously, you might be properly conscious which you can use toss pillows and blankets in your furniture to really spice products up with color and pattern. Nevertheless, you'll discover likewise yet another couple of strategies that you merely can do this. For instance you'll certainly prefer to pay attention to the wall behind the sofa. This is certainly exactly where concerns are going to come into play. When you aren't up for repainting your walls then you might just try bring within the specific very same oversized art work that's extremely vibrant and graphic which will certainly add height too as color to break up the majority of the furniture. This will really draw the eye to your new pieces.
Irrespective of your selection, it is vital to bear in mind that rest is an essential component of a healthy way of life and the more comfy your pillow is, the more at peace you will be. Indulge in a silky experience and delight in a blissful night's rest for every night to come.
Achieving a face-lift in your living room or living room will certainly need an eye for interior design. If you lack creativity, consider browsing photos online to discover rooms that fit your own special taster and preference. When you have come up with a modern or more conventional style, you will certainly then be able to choose a style for your slipcover. Constantly consider the lines of your sofa and let your general decorating style figure out which style will certainly look best in your living room. Since the slipcover will certainly be exactly what you will certainly see and exactly what you will ultimately sit on, you need to discover a fabric that is resilient and attractive. It is recommended to stay clear of extremely heavy materials like chenille, which are not understood to conform to the shape of your sofa effectively. Find a medium-weight material that will certainly fit over your furnishings and will certainly be able to hold up against the quantity of traffic you have in your home. If you have children or animals, you must consider selecting a fabric that can be cleaned easily.
Decide how much are you going to invest on it and ensure that it has all the functions that you are needing. For people who like conventional best reclining sofa, they need to go in for a wooden sofa bed made from mahogany which is strong and has a good life. Believers of modern art can likewise select a much sleeker design and buy a sleeper made from metal. Prior to buying, ensure that the furniture is without cracking or squeaking noises while sitting or opening it. Likewise, consider the area that the sofa bed will certainly use up. Strategy for area that would be in use, as soon as the sofa is turned into a bed. It is advised that the bed mattress is made from 2.5 lbs per cubic foot density foam. Standard quality mattresses are made from springs and they offer nothing however backache. The density of a foam is crucial. All sofa beds need to fold in 3 layers, and all producers make sofa beds in 2 increases; 12 and 15 inches. Surprisingly, there is not a basic size in sofa beds. The most common size is 54×72 and 60×72.
A sofa bed could be simply the best thing for your house if you need a high quality and deluxe sofa and frequently have friends or would just like a Second area for a sleep once in a while. A bulk of these couches can be extremely costly need to you not perform a little expense comparisons and weed out all the expensive alternatives, which there are great deals of when it comes to any leather-based pieces of furniture.


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Q: NOT IN subquery fails when there are NULL-valued results Sorry guys, I had no idea how to phrase this one, but I have the following in a where clause:
person_id not in (
    SELECT distinct person_id
    FROM protocol_application_log_devl pal
    WHERE pal.set_id = @set_id
)

When the subquery returns no results, my whole select fails to return anything.  To work around this, I replaced person_id in the subquery with isnull(person_id, '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000').
It seems to work, but is there a better way to solve this?

A: It is better to use NOT EXISTS anyway:
WHERE NOT EXISTS(
    SELECT 1 FROM protocol_application_log_devl pal
    WHERE pal.person_id = person_id
     AND  pal.set_id = @set_id
)

Should I use NOT IN, OUTER APPLY, LEFT OUTER JOIN, EXCEPT, or NOT EXISTS?

A pattern I see quite a bit, and wish that I didn't, is NOT IN.  When
  I see this pattern, I cringe. But not for performance reasons – after
  all, it creates a decent enough plan in this case:
The main problem is that the results can be surprising if the target
  column is NULLable (SQL Server processes this as a left anti semi
  join, but can't reliably tell you if a NULL on the right side is equal
  to – or not equal to – the reference on the left side). Also,
  optimization can behave differently if the column is NULLable, even if
  it doesn't actually contain any NULL values
Instead of NOT IN, use a correlated NOT EXISTS for this query pattern.
  Always. Other methods may rival it in terms of performance, when all
  other variables are the same, but all of the other methods introduce
  either performance problems or other challenges.

A: While I support Tim's answer as being correct-in-practice (NOT IN is not appropriate here), this is an interesting case noted in the IN / NOT IN documentation:

Caution: Any null values returned by subquery or expression that are compared to test_expression using IN or NOT IN return UNKNOWN. Using null values in together with IN or NOT IN can produce unexpected results1.

This is why the isnull "fixes" the problem - it masks any such NULL values and avoids the unexpected behavior. With that in mind, the following approach would also work (but please heed the advice about not using NOT IN to begin with):
person_id not in (
  SELECT distinct person_id
  FROM protocol_application_log_devl pal
  WHERE pal.set_id = @set_id
    AND person_id NOT NULL    -- guard here
)

However, a NULL person_id is suspicious and might indicate other  issues ..
1 Here is the Proof pudding:
select case when 1 not in (2)       then 1 else 0 end as r1,
       case when 1 not in (2, NULL) then 1 else 0 end as r2
-- r1: 1, r2: 0

A: I just replaced the null value with empty value using isnull function as below example. It solved my issue
where isnull(UserId,'') not in (select UserID from users where ...)

A: This should work:
nvl(person_id, '') not in (
    SELECT distinct person_id
    FROM protocol_application_log_devl pal
    WHERE pal.set_id = @set_id
)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Pectin substances
Pectins, or pectin polysaccharides, are a group of water-soluble carbohydrates that are found in the cell membranes and intercellular tissues of some plants.
What is pectin?
Pectin is a natural substance found in berries and fruits. Especially a lot in apples. In fruits, pectin helps maintain cell walls joined together. Unripe fruits contain propectin - a precursor substance that turns into pectin only after the fruit ripens. At the ripening stage, the substance helps the fruit maintain its shape and firmness. In ripe fruits, it breaks down to the state of simple saccharides, which completely dissolve in water. It is this chemical process that explains why the overripe fruit becomes soft and loses its shape.
Discovery story
Jams and jellies in the cookbooks of the hostesses appeared a long time ago. At least in the XVIII century, and more precisely in 1750, the recipes for these desserts were published in the London edition. Then jelly-like sweets were made from apples, currants, quinces and some other fruits.
And only in 1820 the substance was first isolated, which, as it turned out, was actually the key to making jams and jellies. Then, when people learned the list of gelling products, they learned how to make marmalades from fruits and berries, which in themselves are not able to thicken. And in order to fool nature, the confectioners resorted to apple ingredients as an additional ingredient.
The first commercial variant of pectin was in the form of an apple squeeze. The first liquid extract of the substance appeared in 1908 in Germany. Then they learned to produce it in the USA. It is the American Douglas who owns the patent for the production of liquid pectin. The document dates from 1913. A little later, this substance gained wide popularity in Europe. And in recent years, the center of production are Mexico and Brazil. There pectin is extracted from citrus fruits.
Where is it contained?
Pectin is found in many fruits and berries that grow in our latitudes. And these are apples, pears, quinces, plums, peaches, apricots, cherries, gooseberries, strawberries, grapes, raspberries, currants, cranberries, blackberries. Citrus fruits are also an important source of pectin: oranges, grapefruits, lemons, limes, tangerines. But as for citruses, in these fruits the substance is concentrated mainly in the skin, in the crumb it is very small.
How to determine the concentration in fruits
The concentration of pectin depends on the stage of ripeness of the fruit. This, of course, is good advice. But still, how to determine if the fruit is ripe enough to harvest? Well, the truth is, do not carry every fetus for research in the laboratory. And for such cases, there is one trick that will help determine the approximate concentration of the substance.
To do this, you need a teaspoon of chopped fruit and 1 tablespoon of alcohol. Mix the two ingredients, put in a tightly closed container and shake gently. If the fruit contains a high concentration of pectin, the extracted juice will turn into a strong gel-like lump. The low content of pectin substances will lead to the formation of small rubber particles. The average level of pectin should produce a result in the form of several pieces of a jelly-like substance.
Fruit pectin: benefits and harms to the body
Most plant foods contain pectin. But the largest concentration is in citrus, apple and plum peels. These foods are also an excellent source of soluble fiber.
Some studies by American scientists have shown that products containing pectin can prevent the spread of cancer cells throughout the body.
If we talk about the harm to health, then pectin substances, perhaps, are not able to harm a healthy person. But still, before taking pectin supplements, it is better to consult a doctor.
Very rarely, powdered pectin can cause asthma attacks in patients, as well as flatulence. It is important to remember that citrus fruits belong to the group of highly allergenic foods. It is also important for people with citrus intolerance to pectin made from this kind of fruit. Studies say that people with allergies to cashew nuts or pistachios can potentially suffer from intolerance to pectin.
Benefits of Fruit Pectin
Fruit pectin has many beneficial effects on the human body. Let's consider some of them.
High cholesterol is one of the main factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that citrus pectin lowers blood cholesterol by 6-7 percent. But, as scientists say, this is not the limit. Apple pectin gives even better results in the fight against low density lipoproteins.
Digestion effects
Being a form of soluble fiber, pectin, getting into the digestive tract, is transformed into a gel-like substance, which helps to slow down the digestive process. This effect allows you to maintain a feeling of satiety for a long time, which is especially important for people who follow a low-calorie diet for weight loss. In addition, the gelling properties of pectin help in the treatment of diarrhea.
Cancer control
According to data published in 1941 in a scientific journal in Poland, pectin contributes to the death of cancer cells in the colon. Also, the ability of pectin to draw carcinogens from the body will help reduce the risk of cancer. But while this aspect of the effect on the body, scientists continue to explore.
Other useful properties:
improves peristalsis of the colon;
positively affects the intestinal microflora;
removes toxins from the body;
lowers blood sugar;
improves blood circulation;
destroys pathogenic bacteria.
Daily requirement
The daily requirement for pectin is approximately 15 g. This portion is enough to regulate cholesterol. Wanting to lose weight with this substance, it is important to increase the daily portion by 25 g. By the way, to get 5 g of pectin, you will have to eat about half a kilogram of fresh fruit.
It is important to increase the consumption of pectin for people with high levels of sugar or cholesterol, overweight, cancer, constipation. The need for a substance increases with intoxication and infectious diseases.
Homemade jam and pectin
Probably everyone has a grandmother or a friend who, as soon as fruits appear in the gardens, is taken to cook jams. And at first, this process seems like real magic - a liquid mixture boiled over low heat turns into jelly or thick jam. But if you know that this process becomes possible only due to the presence of pectin in the fruit, all the magic is dispelled. Although not so. The magic does not dispel - just jam reveals its main secret.
But even with grandmothers, who in their lifetime digested hundreds of liters of jam, fruit sweetness can sometimes fail. And the culprit will be the familiar pectin.
"Problem" jam: why is this happening?
The granular, lumpy texture of the jam suggests that the fruit contained too much pectin.
Too hard jam will turn out if the product is cooked at a very low temperature. At the same time, water evaporates, but pectin does not collapse. A similar effect will be obtained when cooking on too high a fire without stirring.
The use of unripe fruits with a high pectin content also does not have the best effect on the consistency of sweet brew.
When jam is overheated, the structure of pectin is destroyed. As a result, the product loses its hardenability.
Production stages
The production of pectin substances is a multi-step process. Different companies produce the substance according to their own technology, but something in this process remains always identical.
At the initial stage, the pectin producer receives apple squeeze or citrus peel (usually this product is supplied without problems by juice producers). Then, hot water is added to the raw material, which contains mineral acids or other enzymes. Solids are removed, the solution is concentrated by removing some of the liquid. After exposure, the concentrate is mixed with alcohol, which allows precipitation of pectin. The precipitate is separated, washed with alcohol, dried. In the washing process, salts or alkalis can be used. Before or after drying, pectin can be treated with ammonia. The last stage of production is the grinding of dry hardened matter into powder. Ready-made pectin is often sold in the form of mixtures with other nutritional supplements.
Pectin in the food industry
Due to the ability to form a gel-like solution, pectin is used in the food industry for the manufacture of marmalades, jams, jams as an E440 additive. It plays the role of a stabilizer, thickener, brightener, water-retaining and filtering component.
The main sources for industrial pectin are citrus and apple ingredients. Peel is usually used from citrus fruits, and apple is used for processing pomace after processing cider. Other sources: sugar beets, persimmons, sunflower baskets (all in the form of oilcake). By the way, for the preparation of jelly quite a bit of pectin, fruit acids and sugar are enough.
Pectin, presented in the food industry, is a polymer that is almost 65 percent composed of galacturonic acid. It is also found in various sauces, pastille, jelly products, some sweets, ice cream and even is part of activated carbon.
The thickening properties of this substance have found application in the pharmaceutical and textile industries. Pectin is believed to be able to lower low-density lipoproteins (bad cholesterol), as well as treat diarrhea. In addition, it is believed that pectin contributes to the death of cancer cells.
In cosmetology, apple cider vinegar, a product rich in pectin, is actively used. Wraps and the use of this substance helps get rid of cellulite. In addition, pectin helps cleanse the skin of age spots, give it elasticity and a healthy look.
Pectin has interesting physicochemical properties that affect the cardiovascular system and digestive functions of the body. Its ability to lower cholesterol and improve bowel condition is known. So, as it turned out apple jam - the product is not just tasty, but extremely healthy. Keep this in mind when choosing sweets for tea the next time.
Watch the video: Food polysaccharides-3: pectin and other gums (January 2020).
Copyright 2020 \ Food and Salt \ Pectin substances

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
EC Podcast
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To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/donate/135Love Worth Finding's purpose is to bring people to Christ and mature them in the faith. This happens primarily through efforts in publishing and broadcasting biblical truth.Love Worth Finding began in 1987, as a response to several requests for tapes of messages by pastor and Bible teacher Adrian Rogers. He relates that "soon the requests began to grow to the point that we knew God was leading us into a wider min ...
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Follow the audio shiurim, lectures and speeches of Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks, global religious leader, philosopher, author of over 30 books and moral voice for our time. Rabbi Sacks served as Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth between September 1991 and September 2013. A full biography - together with an extensive online archive of Rabbi Sacks' work - is available at www.rabbisacks.org or you can follow him on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram @rabbisacks.
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OHS officers targeted the 28 employers who operate Alberta ski hills in an inspection campaign that ran from October through the end of January. They conducted 40 inspections, focusing on industry hazards, worker training, supervision and equipment maintenance. The results of the inspections show a significant drop in the number of infractions, down 59% from a similar inspection campaign in the 2012/2013 ski season.


If you grind your own beans, do so immediately before brewing, no earlier. The coffee can have a reduction in flavor once this process begins. By only grinding enough for a pot of coffee, you will ensure freshness and the correct strength.


in each area. Covers in detail the impact of current vocational legislation, legal aspects, evaluation, and accountability of cooperative education. Cooperative Education Models. Coordinators and Their Roles. Initiating the Plan. Coordinator Responsibilities at the Secondary Level, for Adult Workforce, at the Post-secondary and Collegiate Levels. Planning and Carrying Out Effective In-school Instruction. Developing Training Stations as Instructional Laboratories. Correlating Instruction Between School and Job Laboratories. Accountability Through Evaluation. Legal and Regulatory Aspects of Cooperative Education. The Plan in Agricultural, Business, Health, Family and Consumer Sciences, Marketing, and Trade and Industrial Occupations. For Curriculum Directors, Local Administrators, Teachers, and Consultants involved in cooperative vocational education.


The town Kampen and organs are closely linked. In the city there are many organs and for centuries organ builders did have workshops here.
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text:
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Special Report FT 1000: High-Growth Companies Asia-Pacific
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When Prospa launched in Australia in 2011, the online lender to small companies had an intimidating task before it: taking business from the country's biggest banks. Small companies in search of working capital had long relied on traditional lenders, before the global financial crisis curtailed banks' appetite for risk.
Seven years on, Prospa has topped this inaugural list of high-growth companies, in revenue terms, from the Asia-Pacific region. The expansion of digital services combined with a desire for flexible financing fuelled Prospa's growth.
It is hardly a lone disrupter. Hot on its heels at the top of the list are New Zealand-based fintech firms Pushpay, a mobile payments service, and KlickEx, a foreign exchange service. The three companies reflect the rise of fintech in the region. In its various forms, tech contributes more than a fifth of the companies on the list.
Compiled with Statista, the research company, the FT 1000 High-Growth Companies Asia-Pacific list includes businesses spanning 11 of the region's more developed markets, from Australia to Taiwan (see full methodology). The companies are ordered by their revenue growth between 2013 and 2016.
The research seeks to highlight independent companies exhibiting standout growth, achieved mostly organically rather than through acquisitions, to pinpoint the future corporate growth engines of the region.
Although a Sydney-based company took pole position, Tokyo emerged as the city with the largest number of high-growth companies, accounting for 134 on the list, followed by Mumbai with 60 and Sydney on 52. Investors are keen to capitalise on a growing affluent population using technology (169 companies), ecommerce (22) and fintech (15).
"We all know that we're now living in the 'new economy' where ecommerce is here and online shopping is prevalent," says Joanna Kwok, a fund manager at JPMorgan Asset Management, based in Hong Kong. "This is something growing steadily, and it's taking a lot of share from traditional retail shops, all over Asia."
Figures from PwC and UBS found that in 2016, for the first time, there were more billionaires in Asia than in the US. Ms Kwok says the increasing affluence within the region means "consumers are upgrading", which is boosting sectors such as insurance and consumer goods.
Special ReportFT 1000: High-Growth Companies Asia-Pacific
See the full list — FT 1000: High-Growth Companies Asia-Pacific
Economic conditions have been favourable. A decade of low interest rates and a flood of easy money from central banks' quantitative easing policies have helped fuel capital inflows into the region. Younger companies, offering higher yields that reflect higher risks, have benefited.
"A lot of companies have been raising funds through venture capital, that's been growing recently over the past couple of years in Asia," says Michael Wu, a senior equity analyst at Morningstar. "The venture capital industry wasn't there 10 years ago, but it has really ramped up."
Most of the more established companies go on to list on an exchange, says Mr Wu, prompting Asian bourses to change their rules in order to attract more early-stage companies. Exchanges are particularly keen to attract those in the biotech, health and software sectors, he says.
Stock exchanges across the region have been vocal about their intention to secure lucrative listings from high-growth companies. Australia's bourse recently said it was seeking to become the "Nasdaq of the Asia-Pacific" after nearly doubling its number of technology floats in the past five years.
Hong Kong and Singapore's stock exchanges have announced plans to attract more companies by paving the way for businesses with "dual-class" share structures to list. These give some shareholders greater voting powers than others.
The dual-class structure has gained traction among technology groups globally, as founders seek to retain more control over their company.
Charles Li, chief executive of Hong Kong's exchange, has said that companies with dual-class structures permitted to list must be deemed "innovative" — for example operating in new sectors such as fintech — providing a boost for fledgling companies exhibiting high growth potential.
Singapore's bourse says it will be less prescriptive in the type of company using a dual-class structure that it will allow to list. As Loh Boon Chye, chief executive of SGX, told the FT in January: "Singapore is making huge efforts to transition into the 'new economy'. It's recognised as a leading hub for start-ups that need a capital structure to scale up rapidly."
But such developments have raised corporate governance concerns. Investors are worried about having fewer voting rights, or fear that lowering the barrier to entry could open the door to lower-quality companies. "I don't think exchanges want to relax regulations to a point where they allow any company to list; they want to attract quality firms," says Mr Wu.
To compile the FT 1000, tens of thousands of companies were identified by Statista through databases and publicly available sources, and invited to participate.
Compilers also examined the official revenue data of more than 14,000 public companies in the 11 participating territories. Privately held companies were required to verify their revenue figures by providing a form signed by a senior executive.
Researchers checked the revenue data, whether the revenue growth was primarily generated organically and whether companies were independent (ie not a subsidiary or branch office). Given concerns about data verification and company independence, mainland China-based companies were excluded from this inaugural FT 1000 Asia-Pacific list.
There were a number of other challenges for the researchers. In comparison with its sister list, the FT 1000: Europe's Fastest Growing Companies, reply rates in Asia-Pacific to the call for registration were low — something that did not change even when companies were contacted by phone, says Felix Kapel, a Statista analyst.
"It was difficult to contact the appropriate contact person in some countries. For example if the wrong person was contacted in the company, companies tend to ignore the request. That's not the case in Europe," adds Mr Kapel.
But despite such difficulties, the region's economic growth and maturing capital markets suggest the profile of the high-growth companies of Asia-Pacific is on the rise.
Additional reporting by Tom Hancock
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text:
package org.apache.wicket.markup.html.form.upload;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.notNullValue;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.nullValue;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

import javax.servlet.http.Part;

import org.apache.wicket.protocol.http.mock.MockHttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.wicket.request.resource.AbstractResource;
import org.apache.wicket.util.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.wicket.util.tester.FormTester;
import org.apache.wicket.util.tester.WicketTestCase;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * Test of FileUpload with simulated Servlet 3.0 multipart config
 */
public class FileUploadServletPartTest extends WicketTestCase
{
	/**
	 * Tests support for uploading files with Servlet 3.0 multipart upload
	 * https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WICKET-5924
	 *
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	@Test
	public void uploadServlet30Multipart() throws Exception
	{
		MockPageWithFormAndUploadField page = tester.startPage(MockPageWithFormAndUploadField.class);

		MockHttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = tester.getRequest();
		FormTester formTester = tester.newFormTester(MockPageWithFormAndUploadField.FORM_ID);
		Servlet3Part part = new Servlet3Part(page.fileUploadField.getInputName());
		httpServletRequest.setPart(MockPageWithFormAndUploadField.FILE_UPLOAD_ID, part);
		formTester.submit();

		page = (MockPageWithFormAndUploadField) tester.getLastRenderedPage();
		FileUpload fileUpload = page.getFileUpload();
		assertArrayEquals(Servlet3Part.DATA, fileUpload.getBytes());
		assertEquals(Servlet3Part.class.getSimpleName(), fileUpload.getClientFileName());
		assertEquals(Servlet3Part.CONTENT_TYPE, fileUpload.getContentType());
		assertArrayEquals(Servlet3Part.DATA, IOUtils.toByteArray(fileUpload.getInputStream()));

		assertThat(part.written.get(), is(nullValue()));
		fileUpload.writeToTempFile();
		assertThat(part.written.get(), is(notNullValue()));

		assertThat(part.deleted.get(), is(false));
		fileUpload.delete();
		assertThat(part.deleted.get(), is(true));
	}

	private static class Servlet3Part implements Part
	{
		private static final byte[] DATA = new byte[] {1, 2, 3};
		public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/plain";

		private final AtomicReference<String> written = new AtomicReference<>();
		private final AtomicBoolean deleted = new AtomicBoolean(false);
		private final LinkedHashMap<String, List<String>> headers = new LinkedHashMap<>();
		public final String fieldName;

		private Servlet3Part(String fieldName) {
			this.fieldName = fieldName;
			headers.put(AbstractResource.CONTENT_DISPOSITION_HEADER_NAME, Arrays.asList("attachment;filename=" + Servlet3Part.class.getSimpleName()));
		}

		@Override
		public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException
		{
			return new ByteArrayInputStream(DATA);
		}

		@Override
		public String getContentType()
		{
			return CONTENT_TYPE;
		}

		@Override
		public String getName()
		{
			return fieldName;
		}

		@Override
		public long getSize()
		{
			return DATA.length;
		}

		@Override
		public void write(String fileName) throws IOException
		{
			written.set(fileName);
		}

		@Override
		public void delete() throws IOException
		{
			deleted.set(true);
		}

		@Override
		public String getHeader(String name)
		{
			return headers.containsKey(name) ? headers.get(name).get(0) : null;
		}

		@Override
		public Collection<String> getHeaders(String name)
		{
			return headers.get(name);
		}

		@Override
		public Collection<String> getHeaderNames()
		{
			return headers.keySet();
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Lindsay Morris
Yoga teacher, nature lover, and retreat host at the Edge.
Living in downtown Toronto and working for a non-profit, Lindsay is eager to purposefully "get back to nature" and help others to do the same. She was first called to the Edge by Tim, after their days as former colleagues in the youth travel industry.
As a retreat host, Lindsay aims to meet people where they are and help craft the best possible retreat experience for each individual.
Lindsay is inspired by adventure, like her night walks taken in the Costa Rican rainforest, and by volunteering – for example, running a dance program in Sierra Leone for kids orphaned by the Ebola outbreak.
Lindsay feels most alive when exploring a new place or a new part of herself.
experi[email protected]


Friends and family react as federal immigration officials round up workers at the Michael Bianco factory in New Bedford, Massachusetts, on March 6, 2007.
The traffic blockade was ready. The vans and buses were standing by. The agents told the mayor and the Department of Social Services. And then they stormed the factory.
It was March 6, 2007, in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Immigration officials raided the Michael Bianco leather factory, a defense contractor that hired hundreds of undocumented workers to sew belts and backpacks for the US military.
The agents arrested 362 workers, most of whom were deported to Guatemala.
Deportees left behind children, some so young they were still breastfeeding. Local social services groups had to take care of the kids, organize food donations and work with state agencies to try to get some of the parents out of detention.
ICE raids like these were happening across the country during President George W. Bush's second term, sweeping factories from New Bedford to Postville, Iowa, to businesses in cities up and down California.
Bush wanted to get tough on unauthorized immigration, and the dramatic worksite raids got lots of media attention. They also terrified immigrants and required extensive resources — Immigrations and Customs Enforcement estimates 500 law enforcement personnel were involved in the New Bedford raid alone.
Above all, the raids were meant to curb illegal immigration to the US; to deter both employers and would-be migrants from taking part in undocumented labor.
"There's no question about it," says Thomas Hodgson, who's been sheriff of Bristol County, which includes New Bedford, since the time of the Bianco raid. He's never doubted that the raid was the right call.
A local immigration advocate, however, disagrees. She was also in New Bedford during the 2007 raid and says ICE left local and state agencies scrambling to quell the chaos caused by splitting up hundreds of families.
The former Michael Bianco leather factory is closed today. After ICE raided the place in 2007, the jobs went to a firm doing work out of Puerto Rico.
The undocumented population in the US has slightly declined from its peak in 2007, from 12 million then to 11 million people today. But Kevin Johnson, a law professor at the University of California, Davis, who studies immigration raids, doesn't think raids have much to do with that.
President Donald Trump ran for office as the "law-and-order" candidate, promising Americans he would be tough on immigration, especially illegal immigration.
Since Trump took office in January, the number of illegal border crossings into the US has decreased, continuing a downward trend that began early in the Barack Obama years. Experts say it's still too soon to tell whether President Trump's rhetoric has hastened the decline.
But one immigration trend is clear this early in Trump's administration: The criteria for deportation have changed.
Twice as many noncriminal immigrants were arrested by ICE in the first 10 weeks of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. Recipients of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals — the Obama administration's program that let unauthorized immigrants brought to the US as children work in the country legally — were not previously a high priority for removal. Under Trump, immigration agents have detained some DACA recipients, and at least one has been deported. ICE agents have also detained green card applicants appearing at scheduled appointments to adjust their legal status.
The president is also beefing up deportation resources across the country. Such efforts could cost the US billions of dollars annually.
So far, the deportations have focused on individuals, not employers or large groups of workers like during Bush's second term.
Indeed, the question of whether immigrants take jobs from Americans was a central campaign issue. On Tuesday, touting his pledge to "buy American and hire American," Trump signed an executive order to review the program for awarding visas to highly skilled foreign workers.
Studies have shown, however, that immigrant workers tend to benefit the US economy overall. Undocumented workers alone paid $26 billion in taxes last year. But that's cold comfort for some Americans struggling to find work, especially those with experience in declining industries like coal.
In New Bedford, it's clear that deporting undocumented workers didn't do much for legal workers living there. The Michael Bianco leather plant shut down several months after the 2007 raid, and its jobs went to a firm doing work out of Puerto Rico. Overall unemployment in the city rose in the following years, before declining again in 2010.
Today, the former Bianco factory still stands empty, locked away behind a rusty white fence.
And factories in New Bedford still hire undocumented workers, possibly at a higher rate than before.
The morning of the New Bedford raid, the IAC's Helena DaSilva Hughes rushed over to the Bianco factory after hearing there were helicopters circling it.
She stood outside with other social services workers, none of whom were allowed inside the factory, where ICE agents and other law enforcement were rounding up employees.
By midday, frantic relatives had arrived, too.
He wasn't sure what was going on, but he heard it was Immigration, coming to check the workers' documents. He knew that when they got to him, there'd be nothing to check.
"The first thing I thought of was my son," Calel recalls.
"Who's he with?" an agent asked when Calel brought up the boy.
"With the babysitter," Calel replied.
The majority of the detainees were transported within hours to detention centers elsewhere in Massachusetts, and later to Texas, where Calel was held for months. He didn't get to see his wife or his son before he was deported to Guatemala. When he left New Bedford, his wife was one month pregnant with their second child.
A stuffed animal hangs from the living room wall at Ricardo Calel's apartment. Getting detained and later deported caused him to miss the birth of his second son.
The raid happened on a Tuesday morning. When school let out that day, the basement of Our Lady of Guadalupe Church was packed with kids whose parents had been detained. In some cases, children had lost both parents.
DaSilva Hughes says some of the children were just infants, carried in by babysitters.
DaSilva Hughes's group, the IAC, worked with state lawmakers and the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy (MIRA) Coalition on a daily basis to help reconnect families.
She says she knew that picking up the pieces would fall to state and local groups and that she had said so to immigration agents on site at the Bianco factory.
"'You know, after you leave, we're going to be with a mess,'" she says she told them.
New Bedford's mayor at the time, Scott Lang, didn't think a raid was the right way to deal with unauthorized workers, either. He says it left the small coastal city in the lurch.
Lang says the raid shocked everyone in the 91,000-person town.
"There's nothing more unsettling than seeing the federal government come into your town," he says.
Families who lost breadwinners in the raid were sustained in part by the people of New Bedford, who donated food and money. MIRA set up a donation fund so American children could get passports and travel to see their deported parents who weren't allowed back to the US.
That's not to say that everyone in the city shared the same view of illegal immigration, Lang points out. But the fallout from the raid touched them all more deeply than their politics.
The origin of the raid is murky.
Former ICE agent Eric Caron was quoted by New Bedford's Standard-Times saying the raid addressed a risk to national security: Michael Bianco was a defense contractor, and the undocumented workers it employed were sewing gear for the US military. "We do not know what's in their hearts and minds," Caron said of the workers.
Lang believes that concern is disingenuous because "there were government officials there every day inspecting the product" for years.
Government agents could have raided the place anytime, Lang argues, but they chose to do it in the middle of the Bush crackdown.
"It is beyond my imagination [that] the government inspectors who were there did not know [the workers were undocumented]," he says. ICE did not immediately reply to a request for comment on this.
The industrial park where the Michael Bianco factory used to be is on New Bedford's waterfront. The factory was surrounded by worksites, some employing other undocumented workers.
In New Bedford, factories still employ undocumented workers.
It's hard to determine the size of New Bedford's undocumented population — legal status isn't something people are public about. But DaSilva Hughes and other aid group leaders estimate there are between 7,000 and 10,000 undocumented people in New Bedford today. Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Public Policy Center, working with census data, estimated an annual undocumented population of about 3,000 people between 2010 and 2014.
From her work in the community and with local government, DaSilva Hughes is sure the population has grown since 2007 and believes it might have almost doubled.
At least one of the workers who got deported in the Bianco raid is back in the States.
Living in the US without papers, facing the constant possibility of deportation, is, for some, a safer gamble than life in Central America.
The majority of workers deported from New Bedford were from Guatemala, where poverty contributes to one of the highest rates of violent crime in Central America. The Overseas Security Advisory Council lists Guatemala as one of the 25 most dangerous places to live in the world.
"Violence and insecurity still grip the region, poverty has not improved," said Hipsman, "and there are still tens of thousands of families living apart with some members in the US and in others in Central America with desires to reunify."
Two years after he was deported in the New Bedford raid, leaving behind his wife and children, Ricardo Calel was back in New Bedford — working a new job, still without papers.
He remains in the country now and says he's worked at factories all over southern Massachusetts.
He chuckles at the irony of having been deported while working for a government contractor.
Sheriff Hodgson says employers get away with hiring undocumented workers by using subcontractors. They hire a temp agency, which hires the workers, and each company leaves it to the other to check whether the hires are authorized to work in the US.
Bianco's owner Insolia was sentenced to a year in prison after the New Bedford raid. But both DaSilva Hughes and Hodgson think that was a light sentence.
The government does have a program meant to prevent illegal employment.
It's E-Verify, a 20-year-old initiative that allows companies to check whether someone is eligible to work in the US.
Since the time of the Bush raids, the Department of Homeland Security has pointed to E-Verify as the way to keep employers in check — to discourage them from hiring unauthorized immigrants, no matter how cheap their labor.
It's not mandatory across the country, however; just 20 states required E-Verify as of October 2016, and those states have about a two-thirds compliance rate. E-Verify also can't catch cases of identity theft, which is common among unauthorized workers.
USCIS directed questions about enforcement of the program to ICE, whose spokesperson directed questions back to USCIS.
Ricardo Calel was deported in the Bianco raid and crossed the border back into the US. He says if he had to, he'd do it all over again — for his kids.
Ricardo Calel crossed the border back into the US after he was deported in the New Bedford raid.
Finding a job again was the least of his concerns. He wanted to get back to his family, and he knew once he made it to the US, he'd be able to find work somewhere.
Following the raid, he had spent about nine months in a Texas detention center before being sent back to Guatemala. Not long after returning to his hometown, he got a call from his wife, still in Massachusetts, saying their son was wondering where his father was.
Remembering this moment is the only thing that nearly brings Calel to tears during a two-hour conversation spanning his arrest, being held at gunpoint by people smugglers and crawling through the Sonoran Desert with an injured leg.
Calel, 42, rode on any bus or truck that would take him through Mexico, encountering coyotes and Mexican federal agents on the way — and paying his way out of trouble.
It's hard to track the number of people who get deported from the US and cross the border again. But Calel certainly isn't the only one.
The Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse reports that about 140,000 of the people deported since 2003 were Guatemalans who have been deported more than once.
Calel got back to New Bedford in 2009, when his younger son was learning to walk. They hadn't met before.
"Ven, papi," Calel says he'd tell the boy. "Yo soy tu papa." I am your dad.
It took a while for the boys to warm up to him, with the help of his wife. Eventually, he won over the kids, but his wife's feelings for him had cooled while he was away.
She was living with their kids and with another man — a friend of his who had stayed with the family before Calel got deported.
This photo of Calel's sons is on display in his living room. At the time of this interview, he hadn't seen them in a few months.
The parents tried to make it work, but it was too hard. Living in the same house became toxic, so Calel moved out. He lives in Providence, Rhode Island, now, working at a seafood supply company.
He says he pays his wife child support, but it's a verbal agreement — both of them are undocumented, so they can't go to family court.
In his living room are stuffed animals and a framed photo of his sons. He says the boys are older now than in the picture, but he hasn't seen them in a few months. He and their mom are fighting.
He lives with roommates, a younger couple with a newborn. He doesn't know when he'll see his kids again, but he has enough pictures of them in his cellphone to scroll for hours.
These days, he uses a fake name at work. He knows he could get deported again but says he adjusted to that reality soon after he got back.
He says his kids sometimes ask why President Trump "hates people like them" — that they understand their parents could be deported. Calel doesn't like that they know this much.
And he says if he were to be deported another time, he'd cross the border again to come back. For them.


text:
Media contrasts
by James Zogby
Whereas Arab media enjoys limited freedom as journalists struggle for more, US media freedoms are guaranteed but no one uses them, writes James Zogby*
This year's Arab Broadcast Forum in Abu Dhabi will bring together a few hundred electronic and print journalists from across the Arab region. This year's sessions will explore threats to press freedom, evaluations of the coverage of major crises, and a self-critical examination of their craft. The participants will benefit but so too will the wider public, since the proceedings will be aired on sponsoring networks.
I have been fortunate to have been a participant in past Arab Broadcast Forums, and other similar gatherings in the Arab world, and continue to be impressed by the quality of the conversation and sharpness of the self-criticism. What comes through clearly is the concern that Arab journalists have for their profession and their commitment to improve the quality of their product.
Arab media may not be free, in the sense that there is government ownership and, in varying degrees, interference and censorship. But Arab journalists are free thinkers and are serious about expanding their freedom to examine critical issues.
All this stands in interesting contrast to the US media that, while cherishing and boasting of its freedom, is increasingly constrained. The US press is technically free of government influence, but there is a combination of political, cultural and commercial considerations that have made US media less free and less inquisitive. The controls are not overt but subtle and at all times pervasive, even decisive.
There is, for example, the "corporatisation" of the media, which has resulted both in a dumbing down of content and the push to mimic, rather than compete, amid the omnipresent need to increase ratings. There is the incestuous nature of the Washington scene: its revolving door of journalists going into government and vice versa; the self- serving need to protect access; and the shared social circle of too many government and media elites that results in self-imposed restraint. It is a nearly tribal world, with accepted rules and a fear of "losing face". And finally, there is the resultant "pack instinct", which has brought us such shameless episodes as the endless coverage of OJ Simpson and the Anna Nicole Smith custody battle.
How else could one explain the collaboration of the media in President Bush's "rush to war" in Iraq, or the uncritical celebratory treatment of his "mission accomplished" speech? The latter is especially noteworthy, since this past week marked the fifth anniversary of that event.
While the pack has turned, and is now largely critical of that 2003 White House public relations stunt, what passed unnoticed this week was the media's own culpability in the promotion of that event. It took some enterprising researchers from the media watchdog group, FAIR, to point out what commentators said then and have not acknowledged now.
It is infuriating that the very same US journalists who rightly hold politicians accountable for their past sins on Iraq and inconsistent statements generally have yet to engage in self-criticism of their own failings. Holding politicians to a standard to which you yourself do not adhere is not the best definition of a free press.
An example of this mindset was on display last week in the White House Press Room. Legendary correspondent, now columnist, Helen Thomas became involved in a "dust-up" with White House spokesperson Dana Perino. At issue was the White House's repeated claim that it does not and will not torture detainees. Thomas wanted to know how the administration can continue to make that claim when all evidence points to the reality that the administration has condoned torture and, on several occasions, has admitted to its use. (The administration fought for the right to exempt the CIA and other intelligence agencies from the ban on torture; the Pentagon has publicly insisted on the right to use evidence derived from torture in Guantanamo military tribunals; and the Department of Justice sent a letter to Congress this week in which they reserve the right for intelligence agencies to use "prohibited means" in interrogation when the intent is to obtain information and not humiliate detainees).
In the face of all this, Thomas wanted to know why the administration continued to deny what, in so many other instances, they have already acknowledged. In response to repeated and frustrating evasions, Thomas persisted, but to no avail. Finally, the Perino shifted to other questioners who changed the subject without any follow-up on this matter, causing Thomas to call out, "Where is everybody?"
Where, indeed, is everybody — this being the topic of her most recent book, Watchdogs of Democracy: The Waning Washington Press Corps and How it Failed the Public, in which she decries the failure of the White House press corps to serve the public and hold the administration accountable.
A bold idea comes to mind. Let's make a trade. Arab journalists can be brought to the United States to cover the White House, Congress and political campaigns. Here they can expand their freedom and perfect their craft. At the same time, we'll send US "pack" journalists to the Arab world, where they can learn to fight for the freedom they now enjoy but do not exercise.
Or, American journalists can simply tune in to the Arab Broadcast Forum, and see how their colleagues overseas engage in thoughtful self-criticism in an effort to improve their profession and expand their freedom.
** The writer is president of the Arab American Institute, Washington.
© Copyright Al-Ahram Weekly. All rights reserved


This report includes a situation update submitted to KHRG in November 2012 by a community member describing events occurring in Papun District, during the period between July 2012 to October 2012. It specifically discusses forced labour, torture, the activity of major armed groups in the Bu Tho Township area, including the KNLA, DKBA, Tatmadaw and BGF, as well as villagers' healthcare, education and livelihood problems. The report describes how BGF Battalion #1014, led by Commander Maw Hsee, continues to demand materials and forced labour from villagers in order to build army camps. The report also provides details about a 50-year-old L--- villager, named Maung P---, who was arrested and tortured by the Tatmadaw Military Operation Command Column #2, which is under Battalion #44 and commanded by Hay Tha and Aung Thu Ra, because he asked other villagers to deliver a letter that the Tatmadaw demanded he deliver. The report includes information about the different challenges villagers face in Burma government and non-government controlled areas, as well as the ways villagers access healthcare from the KNU or the Burma government. According to the community member, civilians continue to face problems with their livelihood, which are caused by BGF and DKBA activities, but are improving since the ceasefire; also described are problems faced by villagers caused by natural factors, such as unhealthy crops and flooding. In order to improve crop health, farmers are using traditional remedies, but the community member mentions that those remedies do not address the problems well. Moreover, this report mentions how villagers pursue alternative livelihoods during intervals between farming and to cope with food shortages, including logging and selling wood.
The following situation update was written by a community member in Papun District who has been trained by KHRG to monitor human rights conditions. It is presented below translated exactly as originally written, save for minor edits for clarity and security. This report was received along with other information from Papun District, including six incident reports, 14 interviews and 238 photographs.
Starting from July 2012 to October 2012, there are still human rights abuses in Bu Tho Township region. The human rights abuses, such as forced recruitment, demanding money, torture, demands (loh ah pay), are still [in the region].
Related with the loh ah pay, the Burma military [Tatmadaw] orders the Border Guard that when they [Border Guard] go and live in a place, they have to set up their place [properly]. Therefore, they demanded the bamboo and thatch from the villagers, and they required two villagers to go and live with them each day, in order to have the villagers do things for them if needed. Now, in T--- village, the Border Guard Battalion #1014 comes and stays in the village, and they live in the villagers' houses. [They] also asked two villagers to go and live with them. The Battalion Commander of the Battalion #1014 is Maw Hsee, and they are active in Meh Pree and Htee Th'Daw Hta village tracts.
In L--- village, Day Wah village tract, Bu Tho Township, in 2012, the Burma military Battalion [Light Infantry Battalion (LIB)] #102, Column #2, Light Infantry Division (LID) #44, which is commanded by Commander Hein Htet Lin, and led by Hay Tha and Aung Thura, whose position is Battalion Commander, arrested one L--- villager, a 50 year old Buddhist married man named Maung P---, who earns a living by farming. [They] asked [him] to send a letter, but because [other] people would go [to the destination], and as Maung P--- would not go, he asked other people to send the letter. Since the other people did not arrive there [at the destination], Commander Hein Htet Lin took action towards Maung P---, where he asked [his soldiers] to beat him; [they] hit both his head and face with guns, and [Maung P---] was nearly killed.
In Bu Tho Township region, related with the situation of the healthcare problem during this time, there are fewer organizations that come in and help for healthcare problems in four village tracts, starting from Day Wah, Kyaw Pa, Meh Pree, Htee Th'Daw Hta village tracts. Starting from July to October, because of the plan of the KNU [Karen National Union] and the KNLA [Karen National Liberation Army], there were two medicine distributions during these four months; once was by the [organization name censored for security] and once by the branch of the health department [of KNU], but it is not sufficient. The civilians hope that in the future, these kinds of programs will increase more. In the past, when the KNU and the KNLA could not come in [to the region], [villagers] just relied on the Burma government side, and also needed to give money for the cost for [medicine]. If they did not pay, they could not get medicine to take for their disease. The three village tracts, which are Pa Heh, Hkaw Puh, Bgah Der village tracts, have clinics, so they are being treated for free as much as possible.
For the four village tracts, which are Meh Klaw, Meh Nyoo, Meh Hkoo, Meh Mgeh village tracts, because the KNU leaders arrange [organization name censored for security], they always come and check [villagers] once every six months. If the disease is serious, some of them [villagers] rely on the Burmese government hospitals. For the ones who go to the Burmese government hospital, if the Burma government medic told them to go and buy medicine from outside [the hospital] for their disease, they have to pay the cost with their own money to buy the medicine. The medics give treatment for them, and before they [patients] go back home from the hospital, they have to offer small amounts of money. They were told to give as they want, but all [patients] have to pay between 5,000 kyat (US $5.87) [and] 10,000 kyat (US $11.74).
In the Bu Tho Township region, there are different kinds of schools, which are private schools, [organization name censored for security] schools, religious schools, public schools and Burma government schools. The support for these individual schools comes from [different] sources, but for the Burma government school, it becomes difficult for the villagers because the villagers [students] have to buy their own notebooks, pens and sports [equipment]. Another thing is, for teaching the Karen language, we see that the Burma government mostly does not give permission. School attendance [of teachers] is also not regular. For the students, after they finished the school, fourth standard, from the area, and if they go to the other places such as K'Ma Moh, Papun or to K'Ter Tee, it costs a lot for each year like at least 400,000 (US $454.03) or 500,000 (US $567.54) per year.
Related to land confiscation, in previous years, the Burma government confiscated [the land] beside the road in Y--- town, U---, V---, and X---, W--- [villages]. Until now, the land owners cannot get their land back. In another region, one land problem is that the villagers rob land amongst each other in order to plant rubber plants, so that they can sell the sap and earn money. For this case, the ones who are rich mostly prevail, so that it becomes problems for the people who do flat field farming and hill farming, as they do not have any place for farming. Currently, for the companies coming in, no group [company] has come in yet, because some of the villagers do not like it and the KNU and the KNLA also do not allow them.
In Bu Tho Township, there are two types of civilians. One is the people who are not under control of the Burma government or the Border Guard, and the second one is [people who are] under the control of the Burma government or the Border Guard, or also of the KNLA. These two groups have to suffer different kinds of rights abuses, but they might also face the same [type of abuse].
The civilians who are under Burma military control have to suffer, because when the soldiers are active, they have to porter or show them routes. Additionally, if [the military] has to encounter [censored for security] KNLA's activity, and if there is a fighting, the village heads or the villagers have to suffer if the Burmese military demands something, or does something to them.
For the villagers who are not under Burma military control, if they hear that the Burma Military is heading towards their village, they have to flee to a very far place because, if the Burmese military catches them, they hurt them and [villagers] have to porter for them. If there is fighting, and if they cannot escape, they will be killed; they have to face these kinds of abuses. Currently, as the leaders made the ceasefire like this, these forms of work [abuse] have decreased a little.
In Bu Tho Township region, regarding the current military situation, there are (1) the KNLA and (2) the Burma government military [Tatmadaw].
For the KNLA, it is active according to [how] the KNU leads it. It travels around to the civilians and they try their best, in order to protect the civilians so that the civilians do not face human rights violations. The KNLA uses their power and tries their best to protect themselves and also the civilians so that any military troops, which are coming in [the area], cannot act against the civilians.
For [villagers] under the Burma government military control, there are two military groups, which are the DKBA [Democratic Karen Benevolent Army] and the Border Guard; their activities are not the same. For the DKBA, they [Tatmadaw] do not give the salary openly but they suggested a way [earning money]. If we look at them, [the DKBA], the Burmese government controls them like puppets. For the Border Guard, they [Tatmadaw] give salaries. Because they [Border Guard] receive salaries, they were asked to be active when they [Tatmadaw give] orders, and they were given duties to guard and check the country's border road.
Presently, in the four village tracts, from the southern part of the Bu Tho Township region, which are Day Wah, Kyaw Pah, Meh Pree, Htee Th'Daw Hta village tracts, the military which is active and violates the human rights abuses the most, is clearly the Border Guard, which is used by the Burma government military. The Border Guard [battalions] active in the region are Battalion #1013 and Battalion #1014. This military is active and also sets up their gates [check points] in order to collect taxes. When the Border Guard is active, three of the Burma government soldiers are included among them in one company; it seems like a soldier from a [communications] signal unit is also included.
For livelihoods in this region, most of the people earn their living by farming in flat field farms and hill farm cultivation areas, and some are working on plantations according to the season. In previous years, for the civilians' livelihoods, the Burma government military and the Border Guard disturbed the civilians' travelling and also their livelihood. There are changes for these situations starting from [the beginning of] 2012 until now, as the KNLA enters and is active [in] some [parts]. The KNLA limited the area in the places where the Border Guard was active, so it cause difficulties for them [the Border Guard], but it has become a little bit easier for the civilians to travel and do their livelihood. At the same time, as the KNU leaders had a meeting and [ceasefire] discussion, each military group has to follow the orders of each of their leaders.
Presently, difficulties for the livelihood which occur most are caused by the natural environment. It is not going well and the paddy dies because insects eat them, [paddy fruit] ripens imperfectly, rats eat them, and [they] become withered. Sometimes, because of unpredictable flooding, the flooding destroys the paddy fields. Because the paddy is being destroyed, the villagers cannot find any pesticides. For some people, they use [pesticides] the way that their ancestors used to use, but it is also not concerned [address the problems].
For livelihood, when there is an interval between farming, [people] cut and sell bamboo; they use cows to pull bamboo to earn money to use for their family when there is not enough food. When there is a food [shortage] problem, for some people, they work to send the woods from the top of the mountain to a place for selling wood at the base of the mountain, when people hire them. These forms of work are not permanent jobs; they are just for one time.
The information that I have written above is the things that certainly happened, and I have known [the situation] when I collected the information, as some of the villagers mentioned in the interviews. Moreover, the villagers have to face and suffer by themselves.
 KHRG trains community members in eastern Burma to document individual human rights abuses using a standardised reporting format; conduct interviews with other villagers; and write general updates on the situation in areas with which they are familiar. When writing situation updates, community members are encouraged to summarise recent events, raise issues that they consider to be important, and present their opinions or perspective on abuse and other local dynamics in their area.
 In order to increase the transparency of KHRG methodology and more directly communicate the experiences and perspectives of villagers in eastern Burma, KHRG aims to make all field information received available on the KHRG website once it has been processed and translated, subject only to security considerations. As companion to this, a redesigned website will be released in 2013. In the meantime, KHRG's most recently-published field information from Papun District can be found in the report, "Incident Report: Violent abuse in Papun District, October 2012," KHRG, April 2013.
 Border Guard battalions of the Tatmadaw were established in 2010, and they are composed mostly of soldiers from former non-state armed groups, such as older constellations of the DKBA, which have formalized ceasefire agreements with the Burmese government and agreed to transform into battalions within the Tatmadaw. Border Guard battalions are assigned four digit battalion numbers, whereas regular Tatmadaw infantry or light infantry battalions are identified by two or three digit battalion numbers. For more information, see "DKBA officially becomes Border Guard Force," Democratic Voice of Burma, August 2010.
 KHRG has reported on the abuses committed by Battalion # 1014, including a June 2012 attack on two elder villagers who were travelling to provide money to one of their daughters who was giving birth at the time. Both villagers were severely beaten, and one died at the site of the attack. See "Torture and killing in Thaton District," KHRG, October 2012. See also, "Situation Update: Pa'an Township, Thaton District, June to October 2011," KHRG, November 2011.
 Commander Maw Hsee's name is sometimes spelled "Maung Chit."
 Although the community member wrote the unit numbers in this order, the Tatmadaw hierarchy is that Column #2 is a part of LIB #102, which is itself a part of LID #44.
 As of November 27th 2012, all conversion estimates for the kyat in this report are based on the official market rate of 852 kyat to the US $1. This reflects new measures taken by Burma's central bank on April 2nd 2012 to initiate a managed float of the kyat, thus replacing the previous fixed rate of 6.5 kyat to US $1.
 For more information on the 2012 ceasefire between the KNU and the Government of the Union of Myanmar, see the following KHRG publications: "Steps towards peace: Local participation in the Karen ceasefire process," KHRG, November 2012; and "Safeguarding human rights in a post-ceasefire eastern Burma," KHRG, January 2012.


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Greater Greenbrier Chamber of Commerce announces Annual Dinner speakers
The Greater Greenbrier Chamber of Commerce is, once again, hosting its Annual Dinner Meeting at The Greenbrier. This is always an exciting event, where business leaders throughout our wonderful community get together for networking, good food and a great time. The guest speaker for this year's event is Dr. E. Gordon Gee, interim president for West Virginia University. We will also be honoring our Business Leader of the Year, Gary Ambler.
The Annual Meeting will be held Tuesday, Mar. 18 starting at 6 p.m. We will be having a delicious three-course gourmet dinner provided by The Greenbrier's top-notch chefs. A reception will precede the event. For more information about the dinner and reservations, please contact Amber McHale, executive director, at 304-645-2818 or director@greenbrierwvchamber.org.
Gary Ambler
Greenbrier Chamber of Commerce would like to recognize our 2014 Business Leader of the Year, Gary Ambler. Ambler is a 1970 graduate of Marshall University with a Bachelor of Arts in Education. While at Marshall University, Ambler played baseball for three years for the Thundering Herd. Following college, he began his teaching career at Union High School where he coached football, basketball and baseball. He was recognized as a Class Single-A outstanding football coach in 1971. Ambler went on to teach and coach at Greenbrier East High School where he was later inducted into the Sports Hall of Fame. In 1974, Ambler left the academic world and joined his father as a partner in Marvin Ambler Building Contractors. In 1982, Ambler was one of the five original developers of the Brier Inn Complex. Ambler later became the sole owner of that endeavor and expanded the hotel business with the addition of the Hampton Inn in 1999 and the Fairfield Inn and Suites in 2011. He continues to manage operations at all three properties. Throughout his business career, Ambler remained active in youth sports and is currently involved in community projects such as the Local School Improvement Council at EGMS and is a board member of Greenbrier Valley Recreation. He is a member of the Ronceverte Presbyterian Church where he currently serves as a Trustee. Ambler is a native of Ronceverte, where he resides with his wife, Rosalie. He is the proud father of two children and six grandchildren.
Dr. E. Gorden Gee
The guest speaker for this year's annual event is Dr. E. Gordon Gee, interim president of West Virginia University. Dr. Gee served as president of The Ohio State University from 1990 to 1997 and again from 2007 to 2013. Prior to his service at Ohio State, he led Vanderbilt University (2001-2007), Brown University (1998-2000), the University of Colorado (1985-1990) and West Virginia University (1981-1985). He returned to WVU to serve as president for a term in January 2014. Gee has served in higher education for more than three decades and in 2009 was named by Time magazine as one of the top-10 university presidents in the United States.
Born in Vernal, Utah, Gee graduated from the University of Utah with an honors degree in history and earned his J.D. and Ed.D degrees from Columbia University. He clerked under Chief Justice David T. Lewis of the U.S. 10th Circuit Court of Appeals before being named a judicial fellow and staff assistant to the U.S. Supreme Court. In this role, he worked for Chief Justice Warren Burger on administrative and legal problems of the Court and federal judiciary. Gee returned to Utah as an associate professor and associate dean in the J. Reuben Clark Law School at Brigham Young University, and was granted full professorship in 1978. One year later, he was named dean of the West Virginia University Law School, and, in 1981, was appointed to that university's presidency.
Gee has been a member of several education-governance organizations and committees, including the Big Ten Conference Council of Presidents, the Inter-University Council of Ohio, the Business-Higher Education Forum and the American Association of Universities. He was chair of the American Council on Education's Commission on Higher Education Attainment and served as co-chair of the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities' Energy Advisory Committee. In 2009, Gee was invited to join the International Advisory Board of King Adbulaziz University in Saudi Arabia.
Active in a number of national professional and service organizations during his tenures, he has served on the boards for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Limited Brands, and the National 4-H Council. In 2011, Gee was appointed to serve as secretary on the Board of Directors of Ohio's economic development program, JobsOhio. In 2011-2012, he was asked by Governor Kasich to chair both the Ohio Higher Education Capital Funding Collaborative and the Ohio Higher Education Funding Commission. And in December 2012, he was asked to serve on the Columbus Education Commission.
Gee has received a number of honorary degrees, awards, fellowships, and recognitions. He is a fellow of the prestigious American Association for the Advancement of Science, the world's largest science organization. In 1994, Gee received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Utah, as well as from Teachers College of Columbia University. In 2013, he received the ACE Council of Fellows/Fidelity Investments Mentor Award and received the Outstanding Academic Leader of the Year Award on behalf of Historically Black Colleges and Universities. He is the co-author of 11 books, including Law, Policy and Higher Education, published in 2012. He is also the author of numerous papers and articles on law and education.
Gee's daughter, Rebekah, is the Medicaid Medical Director for the State of Louisiana, and an assistant professor of Public Health and Medicine at Louisiana State University. She is also a Norman F. Gant/American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology/IOM Anniversary Fellow.
George Ambler seeks re-election
West Virginia State University President Emeritus Dr. Hazo W. Carter, Jr. passes away


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Burke, DL ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2803-1151, Ensor, J ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-0282 and Riley, RD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0735 (2016) Meta-analysis using individual participant data: one-stage and two-stage approaches, and why they may differ. Statistics in Medicine, 36 (5). pp. 855-875.
R Riley - Meta-analysis using individual participant data - one stage and two stage approaches....pdf - Published Version
Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7141
Meta-analysis using individual participant data (IPD) obtains and synthesises the raw, participant-level data from a set of relevant studies. The IPD approach is becoming an increasingly popular tool as an alternative to traditional aggregate data meta-analysis, especially as it avoids reliance on published results and provides an opportunity to investigate individual-level interactions, such as treatment-effect modifiers. There are two statistical approaches for conducting an IPD meta-analysis: one-stage and two-stage. The one-stage approach analyses the IPD from all studies simultaneously, for example, in a hierarchical regression model with random effects. The two-stage approach derives aggregate data (such as effect estimates) in each study separately and then combines these in a traditional meta-analysis model. There have been numerous comparisons of the one-stage and two-stage approaches via theoretical consideration, simulation and empirical examples, yet there remains confusion regarding when each approach should be adopted, and indeed why they may differ. In this tutorial paper, we outline the key statistical methods for one-stage and two-stage IPD meta-analyses, and provide 10 key reasons why they may produce different summary results. We explain that most differences arise because of different modelling assumptions, rather than the choice of one-stage or two-stage itself. We illustrate the concepts with recently published IPD meta-analyses, summarise key statistical software and provide recommendations for future IPD meta-analyses. © 2016 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
This is the accepted author manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via Wiley at https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7141 Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher.
?? IPD ??
?? individual participant data ??
?? individual patient data ??
?? meta-analysis ??
?? one-stage ??
?? two-stage ??