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DCE Middle School gives to Toys for Tots
More than 650 toys and books collected for the annual drive
Michelle Rothmeyer
For the Everest Herald
Each year, D.C. Everest Middle School students, led by the Junior Optimists, conduct a book and toy drive for the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve's Toys for Tots Program.
"This year was exceptional," Principal Casey Nye said. "In the past, a car, truck or trailer was big enough to transport our student and staff donations. This year, we needed a U-Haul truck. And the community helped as well. The Marathon County Sheriff's Department brought in toys. It was amazing to see such generosity."
Dallas Rennie, family and consumer education instructor and Junior Optimist adviser, assisted with the student-led Toys for Tots drive.
"Every year, our students do an outstanding job of giving back to the community. But this year was exceptional — 900-plus students collaborating to collect for families in need. As a result, we collected more than 650 toys and books. It is always such a proud moment when you get to witness such generosity firsthand."
A number of D.C.E. Middle School students made exceptional efforts on behalf of Toys for Tots. One student used prize money she had won to purchase 117 toys for the charity organization. Two students in Jan Krueger's science class created a presentation for their home room group about the importance of giving back to the community, and the group collected more than 90 toys and raised money to purchase more.
The school's Volunteens Program, courtesy of a generous donation from Custom Glass Products, also purchased and wrapped gifts for a family.


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10 Must Reads for the CRE Industry Today (February 12, 2019)
The Washington Post looked at one hedge fund's tactics in cashing out on the real estate assets of the newspapers it has acquired. The WSJ examines a new rise in legislation attempting to increase tenants rights—and how landlords are planning to fight back. These are among today's must reads from around the commercial real estate industry.
NREI Staff | Feb 12, 2019
A hedge fund's 'mercenary' strategy: Buy newspapers, slash jobs, sell the buildings "For Alden and its subsidiary, the Gannett empire's newspapers are clearly an attractive feature. But by purchasing the Memphis building and others like it, Alden has already begun coming for what it may consider a bigger prize: Gannett's real estate." (The Washington Post)
Progressive Lawmakers Take Aim at Landlords With Rent Control, Tax Proposals "In Illinois, New York and Oregon, legislators are pushing bills to introduce or strengthen apartment rent controls. Newly elected California Gov. Gavin Newsom has said changes to a decades-old constitutional amendment that has kept taxes low for many commercial property owners are 'on the table.'" (The Wall Street Journal)
Q4 Commercial and Multifamily Mortgage Originations Up 14 Percent "Fourth quarter 2018 originations for commercial and multifamily mortgages were up 14 percent on a year-over-year basis, according to new data from the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA). On an annualized measurement, the final three months of last year saw a 61 percent year increase in the dollar volume of loans for healthcare properties, a 32 percent increase for multifamily properties, a 28 percent increase for industrial properties and a one percent uptick for retail properties." (National Mortgage Professional)
Investcorp Buys 8 Apartment Buildings for $330M "Investcorp has acquired eight US multifamily properties for $330 million. The 2,510-unit portfolio is spread across the Southeast and Southwest: Raleigh, NC; Atlanta; Jacksonville, FL; Phoenix; and Dallas." (GlobeSt.com)
Fed's Bowman talks up community bank resilience as she notes pressures from commercial real estate, agriculture "The Fed is trying to reduce regulatory burdens on the sector, while maintaining safety and soundness, she noted. Bowman noted that concentrations of commercial real estate are rising at some banks and the Fed is reminding bankers 'of the difficulties that such concentrations presented in the past.' Another focus will be on concentrations of agricultural credit, she added." (MarketWatch)
Restaurant Owner's Global Property Fund Plans to Sell Crypto Tokens "If you didn't think property investing was already risky enough, Stephane De Baets has an intriguing proposition. The New York-based Belgian entrepreneur is throwing cryptocurrencies into the mix.De Baets plans to sell shares in a global real estate portfolio in the form of digital tokens following a comparable sale last year of part ownership in a Colorado hotel for $18 million. He's targeting $250 million of transactions this year, including a $100 million deal in Thailand." (Bloomberg)
How Co-Living Fits Into The Future Of Real Estate Development "Co-living is the residential equal of coworking. Co-living relies on a shared economy where people have individual bedrooms but share kitchen and communal living spaces. As residential real estate prices in most major cities escalated, various startups have been applying this model to housing to create more affordable and fun places to live." (Forbes)
The Difficult Truth About Being A Working Parent In Property "In front of a packed room of 600 people, two panels of senior real estate professionals talked openly about the challenges of finding that balance as working mothers and fathers in the real estate industry. About the fear of being left behind by your company while on maternity leave. The pride in your job and of wanting to do it well, but facing a society that can be judgemental of mothers who want to go back to work." (Bisnow)
Donald Trump ally Tom Barrack examines shake-up of real estate firm "Colony, which has lost more than half of its value since a disastrous merger with rival Northstar at about the same time that Mr Trump took office in January 2017, said it had reached agreement with Blackwells Capital to appoint two new directors to its board." (Financial Times)
Top 10 States for LEED Certification "The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) has released its annual list of Top 10 States for LEED. Combined, these regions comprise 468 million gross square feet of LEED-certified space and are home to 128 million Americans." (Commercial Property Executive)

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WSTale » Music » Adele's '30' Is Unrivaled on Billboard 200 Chart After Five Weeks
Adele's '30' Is Unrivaled on Billboard 200 Chart After Five Weeks
Meanwhile, Roddy Ricch's new album 'Live Life Fast' debuts at No. 4 with Nat King Cole's 'The Christmas Song' returning to the Top 10 in the holiday week.
AceShowbiz –Adele's latest album "30" is stationary at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 albums chart. The album atops the chart for a fifth consecutive, and total, week after earning 212,000 equivalent album units in the U.S. in the week ending December 23, according to MRC Data.
Of the sum, album sales comprise 180,500 units. Meanwhile, SEA units comprise 30,000 which is equaling 40.63 million on-demand streams of the set's tracks. As for TEA units, it comprises 1,500 units.
At No. 2 is Michael Buble's "Christmas" which climbs up from No. 4 after earning 77,000 equivalent album units. The encore presentation of Buble's latest special, "Michael Buble's Christmas in the City", which premiered on NBC on December 6, might be the one causing the surge.
Meanwhile, Taylor Swift's "Red (Taylor's Version)" is a non-mover at No. 3 with 76,000 equivalent album units earned. Trailing behind is Roddy Ricch's new album "Live Life Fast" which opens at No. 4 with 62,000 equivalent album units. SEA units comprise 57,500 of the total number, while album sales and TEA units are 3,500 units and 1,000 units respectively.
Occupying No. 5 is Olivia Rodrigo's former No. 1 "Sour". Her debut album is steady at the position with 61,000 equivalent album units earned. Benefitting from the holiday season, Vince Guaraldi Trio's "A Charlie Brown Christmas" soundtrack soars from No. 8 to No. 6 with 61,000 equivalent album units.
Another Christmas album on the chart, Mariah Carey's "Merry Christmas" stays at No. 7 with 56,000 equivalent album units earned. Meanwhile, Nat King Cole's "The Christmas Song" returns to the Top 10 as it jumps from No. 11 to No. 8 with 55,000 equivalent album units earned.
Juice WRLD's "Fighting Demons" slips significantly from No. 2 to No. 9 in its second week on the Billboard 200, earning 52,000 equivalent album units. Rounding out the Top 10 is Bo Burnham's "Inside (The Songs)" which re-enters the Top 10 after earning 50,000 equivalent album units in the week ending following its release on CD and vinyl on December 17.
Top Ten of Billboard 200:
"30" – Adele (212,000 units)
"Christmas" – Michael Buble (77,000 units)
"Red (Taylor's Version)" – Taylor Swift (76,000 units)
"Live Life Fast" – Roddy Ricch (62,000 units)
"Sour" – Olivia Rodrigo (61,000 units)
"A Charlie Brown Christmas" Soundtrack – Vince Guaraldi Trio (61,000 units)
"Merry Christmas" – Mariah Carey (56,000 units)
"The Christmas Song" – Nat King Cole (55,000 units)
"Fighting Demons" – Juice WRLD (52,000 units)
"Inside (The Songs)" – Bo Burnham (50,000 units)
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NSFW: When Lynchings were fun for the Whole Family
Sean Reveron · November 20, 2018
via Flashbak
Even after the abolition of slavery in 1865, America's blacks were trapped.
Nothing was equal. Whites had. Blacks had not.
No more vivid picture of the murderous racism that lay in the USA's heart is there than blacks being lynched by white mobs.
These were no secret killings. Sometimes thousands would turn up to watch the murders.
These were not neat executions. The black victim was routinely tortured, kept alive until the body could stand no more.
Murder was celebrated in postcards. These were 'I was there' moments.
Postcard depicting the lynching of Lige Daniels, Center, Texas, USA, August 3, 1920. The back reads: "This was made in the court yard in Center, Texas. He is a 16 year old Black boy. He killed Earl's grandma. She was Florence's mother. Give this to Bud. From Aunt Myrtle."
Should we couch these crimes in their time? Not all victims of summary justice were black. The perpetrators were, however, always white:
…in 1933 in San Jose, Calif., such an act of violence drew applause from the state's highest officials. In fact, to hear the governor talk about it, he'd have pinned medals on the chest of each and every member of the bloodthirsty mob, if anyone had made much of an effort to find them.
The case was the murder of Brooke Hart, the handsome, affable 22-year-old scion of a department-store empire. It was the depths of the Great Depression; Hart had money, others did not. And that made him a target.
Hart's workday on Thursday, Nov. 9, 1933, had been routine. At around 6 p.m. he left the store that was owned by his millionaire father, and picked up his green Studebaker from a nearby garage. The night was going to be a busy one. First, he was to drive his father, Alex Hart, 64, to a Chamber of Commerce meeting, and then he was to drop his sister, Aleese, 18, off at home. By 6:30, he was expected at a public speaking lesson.
He never showed up.
Nearly four hours after Brooke's disappearance, the phone rang at the Hart mansion. A male voice said that Hart was safe, demanded a $40,000 (roughly $660,000 today) ransom, and warned the family to keep the police out of it. But it was too late for secrecy.
Search parties, including dozens of his father's employees, fanned out all over the county.
By the following day a clue had emerged; Hart's Studebaker roadster, abandoned with its lights on, was spotted on the road between San Jose and Oakland.
Three days later, a ransom note arrived. It warned that "one more peep to police" would mean death for Brooke.
Two white men were arrested:
After a night of questioning, the suspect revealed his name, Thomas Thurmond, identified his accomplice, John Holmes, and offered an account of the horrifying last scene of his victim's life.
Thurmond and Holmes, an unemployed oil worker, friends for about a year, had hatched the kidnapping scheme about six weeks earlier. On the evening of Nov. 9, as Hart steered his roadster out of the driveway to the garage, Holmes flagged him down, then pointed a gun at the driver and forced his way into the car. Thurmond was following behind in Holmes' car.
Holmes drove Hart about 7 miles from San Jose, where they abandoned the Studebaker, transferred their captive to the second car, and drove to the San Mateo bridge. Holmes ordered Hart to get out of the car, and hit him over the head with a brick. The pair bound the stunned man's arms and legs with bailing wire, weighted him down with concrete blocks, and tossed him into the bay…
A mob, estimated to be about 5,000 strong, clogged the streets before the jailhouse. Police fired tear gas but it just made the mob madder, as a group of men battered down the jailhouse door with a steel pipe and trampled the sheriff. They quickly found Thurmond and Holmes, dragged the prisoners across the street to St. James Park, and hanged them from the nearest tree, to wild cheers. Some people milled about for hours, snatching grisly souvenirs.
"The mob seemed to be insane," one officer told The Associated Press. "The tear gas never fazed them."
It was an act of savage mass hysteria, no one could deny that, but even more shocking was the response from California Gov. James Rolph.
He called the lynching "a fine lesson to the whole nation."
"They'll learn that they can't kidnap in this state," Rolph said in a statement. "If anyone is arrested for the good job, I'll pardon them all."
Lynching were a part of the US way of life, as Robert L. Zangrando writes:
Vigilantism, or summary justice, has a long history, but the term lynch law originated during the American Revolution with Col. Charles Lynch and his Virginia associates, who responded to unsettled times by making their own rules for confronting Tories and criminal elements. "Lynching" found an easy acceptance as the nation expanded. Raw frontier conditions encouraged swift punishment for real, imagined, or anticipated criminal behavior. Historically, social control has been an essential aspect of mob rule.
Opponents of slavery in pre-Civil War America and cattle rustlers, gamblers, horse thieves, and other "desperadoes" in the South and Old West were nineteenth-century targets. From the 1880s onward, however, mob violence increasingly reflected white America's contempt for various racial, ethnic, and cultural groups. African-Americans especially, and sometimes Native Americans, Latinos, Jews, Asian immigrants, and European newcomers, felt the mob's fury. In an era when racist theories prompted "true Americans" to assert their imagined superiority through imperialist ventures, mob violence became the domestic means of asserting white dominance. Occasionally, this complemented the profit motive, when the lynching of a successful black farmer or immigrant merchant opened new economic opportunities for local whites and simultaneously reaffirmed everyone's "place" in the social hierarchy. Sometimes lynching was aimed at unpopular ideas: labor union organizers, political radicals, critics of America's role in World War I, and civil rights advocates were targets.
African-Americans suffered grievously under lynch law. With the close of Reconstruction in the late 1870s, southern whites were determined to end northern and black participation in the region's affairs, and northerners exhibited a growing indifference toward the civil rights of black Americans. Taking its cue from this intersectional white harmony, the federal government abandoned its oversight of constitutional protections. Southern and border states responded with the Jim Crow laws of the 1890s, and white mobs flourished. With blacks barred from voting, public office, and jury service, officials felt no obligation to respect minority interests or safeguard minority lives. In addition to lynchings of individuals, dozens of race riots–with blacks as victims–scarred the national landscape from Wilmington, North Carolina, in 1898 to Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1921.
Between 1882 (when reliable statistics were first collected) and 1968 (when the classic forms of lynching had disappeared), 4,743 persons died of lynching, 3,446 of them black men and women. Mississippi (539 black victims, 42 white) led this grim parade of death, followed by Georgia (492, 39), Texas (352, 141), Louisiana (335, 56), and Alabama (299, 48). From 1882 to 1901, the annual number nationally usually exceeded 100; 1892 had a record 230 deaths (161 black, 69 white). Although lynchings declined somewhat in the twentieth century, there were still 97 in 1908 (89 black, 8 white), 83 in the racially troubled postwar year of 1919 (76, 7, plus some 25 race riots), 30 in 1926 (23, 7), and 28 in 1933 (24, 4).
Statistics do not tell the entire story, however. These were recorded lynchings; others were never reported beyond the community involved. Furthermore, mobs used especially sadistic tactics when blacks were the prime targets. By the 1890s lynchers increasingly employed burning, torture, and dismemberment to prolong suffering and excite a "festive atmosphere" among the killers and onlookers. White families brought small children to watch, newspapers sometimes carried advance notices, railroad agents sold excursion tickets to announced lynching sites, and mobs cut off black victims' fingers, toes, ears, or genitalia as souvenirs. Nor was it necessarily the handiwork of a local rabble; not infrequently, the mob was encouraged or led by people prominent in the area's political and business circles. Lynching had become a ritual of interracial social control and recreation rather than simply a punishment for crime.
So. What could get you lynched?
Answer: whatever the whites decided.
The photos here under are occasionally brutal. They show the horror we should not flinch from showing and vowing not to forget.
They show the innocent, like Emmett Till.
In the summer of 1955, the 14-year-old Till was far from home when his life ended in a most violent way, apparently for whistling at a white woman.
Dragged from his bed at his uncle's home in a small Mississippi town, he was beaten so badly that his face was unrecognisable when the corpse was recovered from the river three days later. He had been shot in the head and his body tied to a 70lb (32kg) fan.
The two men known locally to have carried out the attack were acquitted of murder. The following year, they admitted responsibility in a magazine interview, but said they had done nothing wrong.
Till was the first martyr of the movement and he became the face of it.
Till's killers Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam confessed to the crime in a 1956 edition of Look magazine:
Editors Note: In the long history of man's inhumanity to man, racial conflict has produced some of the most horrible examples of brutality. The recent slaying of Emmett Till in Mississippi is a case in point. The editors of Look are convinced that they are presenting here, for the first time, the real story of that killing — the story no jury heard and no newspaper reader saw.
Disclosed here is the true account of the slaying in Mississippi of a Negro youth named Emmett Till.
Last September in Sumner, Miss., a petit jury found the youth's admitted abductors not guilty of murder. In November, in Greenwood, a grand jury declined to indict them for kidnapping.
Of the murder trial, the Memphis Commercial Appeal said: "Evidence necessary for convicting on a murder charge was lacking." But with truth absent, hypocrisy and myth have flourished. Now, hypocrisy can be exposed; myth dispelled. Here are the facts.
Carolyn Holloway Bryant is 21, five feet tall, weighs 103 pounds. An Irish girl, with black hair and black eyes, she is a small farmer's daughter who, at 17, quit high school at Indianola, Miss., to marry a soldier, Roy Bryant, then 20, now 24.The couple have two boys, three and two; and they operate a store at a dusty crossroads called Money: post office, filling station and three stores clustered around a school and a gin, and set in the vast, lonely cotton patch that is the Mississippi Delta.
Carolyn and Roy Bryant are poor: no car, no TV. They live in the back of the store which Roy's brothers helped set up when he got out of the 82nd Airborne in 1953. They sell "snuff-and-fatback" to Negro field hands on credit: and they earn little because, for one reason, the government has been giving the Negroes food they formerly bought.
Carolyn and Roy Bryant's social life is visits to their families, to the Baptist church, and, whenever they can borrow a car, to a drive-in, with the kids sleeping in the back seat. They call Shane the best picture they ever saw.
For extra money, Carolyn tends store when Roy works outside — like truck driving for a brother. And he has many brothers. His mother had two husbands, 11 children. The first five — all boys — were "Milam children"; the next six — three boys, three girls — were "Bryant children."
This is a lusty and devoted clan. They work, fight, vote and play as a family. The "half" in their fraternity is forgotten. For years, they have operated a chain of cottonfield stores, as well as trucks and mechanical cotton pickers. In relation to the Negroes, they are somewhat like white traders in portions of Africa today; and they are determined to resist the revolt of colored men against white rule.
On Wednesday evening, August 24, 1955, Roy was in Texas, on a brother's truck. He had carted shrimp from New Orleans to San Antonio, proceeded to Brownsville. Carolyn was alone in the store. But back in the living quarters was her sister-in-law Juanita Milam, 27, with her two small sons and Carolyn's two. The store was kept open till 9 on week nights, 11 on Saturday.
When her husband was away, Carolyn Bryant never slept in the store, never stayed there alone after dark. Moreover, in the Delta, no white woman ever travels country roads after dark unattended by a man.
This meant that during Roy's absences — particularly since he had no car — there was family inconvenience. Each afternoon, a sister-in-law arrived to stay with Carolyn until closing time. Then, the two women, with their children, waited for a brother-in-law to convoy them to his home. Next morning, the sister-in-law drove Carolyn back.
Juanita Milam had driven from her home in Glendora. She had parked in front of the store to the left; and under the front seat of this car was Roy Bryant's pistol, a .38 Colt automatic. Carolyn knew it was there. After 9, Juanita's husband, J. W. Milam, would arrive in his pickup to shepherd them to his home for the night.About 7:30 pm, eight young Negroes — seven boys and a girl — in a '46 Ford had stopped outside. They included sons, grandsons and a nephew of Moses (Preacher) Wright, 64, a 'cropper. They were between 13 and 19 years old. Four were natives of the Delta and others, including the nephew, Emmett (Bobo) Till, were visiting from the Chicago area.
Bobo Till was 14 years old: born on July 25, 1941. He was stocky, muscular, weighing about 160, five feet four or five. Preacher later testified: "He looked like a man."Bobo's party joined a dozen other young Negroes, including two other girls, in front of the store. Bryant had built checkerboards there. Some were playing checkers, others were wrestling and "kiddin' about girls." Bobo bragged about his white girl. He showed the boys a picture of a white girl in his wallet; and to their jeers of disbelief, he boasted of success with her.
"You talkin' mighty big, Bo," one youth said. "There's a pretty little white woman in the store. Since you know how to handle white girls, let's see you go in and get a date with her?"
"You ain't chicken, are yuh, Bo?" another youth taunted him.
Bobo had to fire or fall back. He entered the store, alone, stopped at the candy case. Carolyn was behind the counter; Bobo in front. He asked for two cents' worth of bubble gum. She handed it to him. He squeezed her hand and said: "How about a date, baby?"
She jerked away and started for Juanita Milam. At the break between counters, Bobo jumped in front of her, perhaps caught her at the waist, and said: "You needn't be afraid o' me, Baby. I been with white girls before."
At this point, a cousin ran in, grabbed Bobo and began pulling him out of the store. Carolyn now ran, not for Juanita, but out the front, and got the pistol from the Milam car. Outside, with Bobo being ushered off by his cousins, and with Carolyn getting the gun, Bobo executed the "wolf whistle" which gave the case its name.
That was the sum of the facts on which most newspaper readers based an opinion. The Negroes drove away; and Carolyn, shaken, told Juanita. The two women determined to keep the incident from their "Men-folks." They didn't tell J. W. Milam when he came to escort them home. By Thursday afternoon, Carolyn Bryant could see the story was getting around. She spent Thursday night at the Milams, where at 4 a.m. (Friday) Roy got back from Texas. Since he had slept little for five nights, he went to bed at the Milams' while Carolyn returned to the store. During Friday afternoon, Roy reached the store, and shortly thereafter a Negro told him what "the talk" was, and told him that the "Chicago boy" was "visitin' Preacher." Carolyn then told Roy what had happened. Once Roy Bryant knew, in his environment, in the opinion of most white people around him, for him to have done nothing would have marked him for a coward and a fool. On Friday night, he couldn't do anything. He and Carolyn were alone, and he had no car. Saturday was collection day, their busy day in the store. About 10:30 Saturday night, J. W. Milam drove by. Roy took him aside.
"I want you to come over early in the morning," he said. "I need a little transportation."
J.W. protested: "Sunday's the only morning I can sleep. Can't we make it around noon?"
Roy then told him.
"I'll be there," he said. "Early."
J. W. drove to another brother's store at Minter City, where he was working. He closed that store about 12:30 a.m., drove home to Glendora. Juanita was away, visiting her folks at Greenville. J. W. had been thinking. He decided not to go to bed. He pumped the pickup — a half-ton '55 Chevrolet — full of gas and headed for Money.
J. W. "Big Milam" is 36: six feet two, 235 pounds; an extrovert. Short boots accentuate his height; khaki trousers; red sports shirt; sun helmet. Dark-visaged; his lower lip curls when he chuckles; and though bald, his remaining hair is jet-black.
He is slavery's plantation overseer. Today, he rents Negro-driven mechanical cotton pickers to plantation owners. Those who know him say that he can handle Negroes better than anybody in the country.
Big Milam soldiered in the Patton manner. With a ninth-grade education, he was commissioned in battle by the 75th Division. He was an expert platoon leader, expert street fighter, expert in night patrol, expert with the "grease gun," with every device for close range killing. A German bullet tore clear through his chest; his body bears "multiple shrapnel wounds." Of his medals, he cherishes one: combat infantryman's badge. Big Milam, like many soldiers, brought home his favorite gun: the .45 Colt automatic pistol.
"Best weapon the Army's got," he says. "Either for shootin' or sluggin'."
Two hours after Big Milam got the word — the instant minute he could close the store — he was looking for the Chicago Negro.
Big Milam reached Money a few minutes shy of 2 a.m., Sunday, August 28. The Bryants were asleep; the store was dark but for the all-night light. He rapped at the back door, and when Roy came, he said: "Let's go. Let's make that trip now."
Roy dressed, brought a gun: this one was a .45 Colt. Both men were and remained — cold sober. Big Milam had drunk a beer at Minter City around 9; Roy had had nothing.
There was no moon as they drove to Preacher's house: 2.8 miles east of Money.
Preacher's house stands 50 feet right of the gravel road, with cedar and persimmon trees in the yard. Big Milam drove the pickup in under the trees. He was bareheaded, carrying a five-cell flashlight in his left hand, the .45 in the right. Roy Bryant pounded on the door.
Preacher: "Who's that?"
Bryant: "Mr. Bryant from Money, Preacher."
Preacher: "All right, sir. Just a minute."
Preacher came out of the screened-in porch.
Bryant: "Preacher, you got a boy from Chicago here?"
Preacher: "Yessir."
Bryant: "I want to talk to him."
Preacher: "Yessir. I'll get him."
Preacher led them to a back bedroom where four youths were sleeping in two beds. In one was Bobo Till and Simeon Wright, Preacher's youngest son. Bryant had told Preacher to turn on the lights; Preacher had said they were out of order.So only the flashlight was used. The visit was not a complete surprise. Preacher testified that he had heard of the "trouble," that he "sho' had" talked to his nephew about it. Bobo himself had been afraid; he had wanted to go home the day after the incident. The Negro girl in the party urged that he leave. "They'll kill him," she had warned. But Preacher's wife, Elizabeth Wright, had decided that the danger was being magnified; she had urged Bobo to "finish yo' visit."
"I thought they might say something to him, but I didn't think they'd kill a boy," Preacher said.
Big Milam shined the light in Bobo's face, said: "You the nigger who did the talking?"
"Yeah," Bobo replied.
Milam: "Don't say, 'Yeah' to me: I'll blow your head off. Get your clothes on."
Bobo had been sleeping in his shorts. He pulled on a shirt and trousers, then reached for his socks.
"Just the shoes," Milam hurried him.
"I don't wear shoes without socks," Bobo said: and he kept the gun-bearers waiting while he put on his socks, then a pair of canvas shoes with thick crepe soles.
Preacher and his wife tried two arguments in the boy's behalf.
"He ain't got good sense," Preacher begged. "He didn't know what he was doing. Don't take him."
"I'll pay you gentlemen for the damages," Elizabeth Wright said.
"You niggers go back to sleep," Milam replied.
They marched him into the yard, told him to get in the back of the pickup and lie down. He obeyed. They drove toward Money.
Elizabeth Wright rushed to the home of a white neighbor, who got up, looked around, but decided he could do nothing. Then, she and Preacher drove to the home of her brother, Crosby Smith, at Sumner; and Crosby Smith, on Sunday morning, went to the sheriff's office at Greenwood. The other young Negroes stayed at Preacher's house until daylight, when Wheeler Parker telephoned his mother in Chicago, who in turn notified Bobo's mother, Mamie Bradley, 33, 6427 S. St. Lawrence. Had there been any doubt as to the identity of the "Chicago boy who done the talking," Milam and Bryant would have stopped at the store for Carolyn to identify him. But there had been no denial. So they didn't stop at the store. At Money, they crossed the Tallahatchie River and drove west. Their intention was to "just whip him… and scare some sense into him." And for this chore, Big Milam knew "the scariest place in the Delta." He had come upon it last year hunting wild geese. Over close to Rosedale, the Big River bends around under a bluff. "Brother, she's a 100-foot sheer drop, and she's a 100 feet deep after you hit."
Big Milam's idea was to stand him up there on that bluff, "whip" him with the .45, and then shine the light on down there toward that water and make him think you're gonna knock him in. "Brother, if that won't scare the Chicago ——-, hell won't."
Searching for this bluff, they drove close to 75 miles. Through Shellmound, Schlater, Doddsville, Ruleville, Cleveland to the intersection south of Rosedale. There they turned south on Mississippi No. 1, toward the entrance to Beulah Lake. They tried several dirt and gravel roads, drove along the levee. Finally, they gave up: in the darkness, Big Milam couldn't find his bluff. They drove back to Milam's house at Glendora, and by now it was 5 a.m.. They had been driving nearly three hours, with Milam and Bryant in the cab and Bobo lying in the back.
At some point when the truck slowed down, why hadn't Bobo jumped and run? He wasn't tied; nobody was holding him. A partial answer is that those Chevrolet pickups have a wraparound rear window the size of a windshield. Bryant could watch him. But the real answer is the remarkable part of the story.
Bobo wasn't afraid of them! He was tough as they were. He didn't think they had the guts to kill him.
Milam: "We were never able to scare him. They had just filled him so full of that poison that he was hopeless."
Back of Milam's home is a tool house, with two rooms each about 12 feet square. They took him in there and began "whipping" him, first Milam then Bryant smashing him across the head with those .45's. Pistol-whipping: a court-martial offense in the Army… but MP's have been known to do it…. And Milam got information out of German prisoners this way.
But under these blows Bobo never hollered — and he kept making the perfect speeches to insure martyrdom.
Bobo: "You bastards, I'm not afraid of you. I'm as good as you are. I've 'had' white women. My grandmother was a white woman."
Milam: "Well, what else could we do? He was hopeless. I'm no bully; I never hurt a nigger in my life. I like niggers — in their place — I know how to work 'em. But I just decided it was time a few people got put on notice. As long as I live and can do anything about it, niggers are gonna stay in their place. Niggers ain't gonna vote where I live. If they did, they'd control the government. They ain't gonna go to school with my kids. And when a nigger gets close to mentioning sex with a white woman, he's tired o' livin'. I'm likely to kill him. Me and my folks fought for this country, and we got some rights. I stood there in that shed and listened to that nigger throw that poison at me, and I just made up my mind. 'Chicago boy,' I said, 'I'm tired of 'em sending your kind down here to stir up trouble. Goddam you, I'm going to make an example of you — just so everybody can know how me and my folks stand.'"
So Big Milam decided to act. He needed a weight. He tried to think of where he could get an anvil. Then he remembered a gin which had installed new equipment. He had seen two men lifting a discarded fan, a metal fan three feet high and circular, used in ginning cotton.
Bobo wasn't bleeding much. Pistol-whipping bruises more than it cuts. They ordered him back in the truck and headed west again. They passed through Doddsville, went into the Progressive Ginning Company. This gin is 3.4 miles east of Boyle: Boyle is two miles south of Cleveland. The road to this gin turns left off U.S. 61, after you cross the bayou bridge south of Boyle.
Milam: "When we got to that gin, it was daylight, and I was worried for the first time. Somebody might see us and accuse us of stealing the fan."
Bryant and Big Milam stood aside while Bobo loaded the fan. Weight: 74 pounds. The youth still thought they were bluffing.
They drove back to Glendora, then north toward Swan Lake and crossed the "new bridge" over the Tallahatchie. At the east end of this bridge, they turned right, along a dirt road which parallels the river. After about two miles, they crossed the property of L.W. Boyce, passing near his house.
About 1.5 miles southeast of the Boyce home is a lonely spot where Big Milam has hunted squirrels. The river bank is steep. The truck stopped 30 yards from the water. Big Milam ordered Bobo to pick up the fan. He staggered under its weight… carried it to the river bank. They stood silently… just hating one another.
Milam: "Take off your clothes."
Slowly, Bobo pulled off his shoes, his socks. He stood up, unbuttoned his shirt, dropped his pants, his shorts.
He stood there naked. It was Sunday morning, a little before 7.
Milam: "You still as good as I am?"
Bobo: "Yeah."
Milam: "You still 'had' white women?"
That big .45 jumped in Big Milam's hand. The youth turned to catch that big, expanding bullet at his right ear. He dropped.
They barb-wired the gin fan to his neck, rolled him into 20 feet of water.
For three hours that morning, there was a fire in Big Milam's back yard: Bobo's crepe soled shoes were hard to burn.
Seventy-two hours later — eight miles downstream — boys were fishing. They saw feet sticking out of the water. Bobo.
The majority — by no means all, but the majority — of the white people in Mississippi 1) either approve Big Milam's action or else 2) they don't disapprove enough to risk giving their "enemies" the satisfaction of a conviction.
Tessie Earle, 38-year-old mother of Willie Earle, Greenville, South Carolina, lynch victim, appears at a press conference in New York, May 25, 1947. The National Negro Day Committee arranged and financed the trip for Mrs. Earle from Greenville to New York so that she could appear on May 27 in Madison Square Garden at a program sponsored by the committee. (AP Photo/Julian C. Wilson)
Here is shown a part of the crowd of 10,000 persons who jammed the courthouse square in the little town of Scottsboro, Alabama, April 6, 1933, on the opening of the trials of nine black youths accused of attacking two white girls near Sevenson, Ala., March 24, 1931. National Guardsmen with fixed bayonets patrolled the courthouse grounds, and women and minors were barred from the courtroom. The state asked for the death penalty for the first two defendants to be placed on trial. The other seven will be tried later. The nine were identified by the two girls as the ones who boarded the freight car in which they and seven white youths were riding, forced five of the white youths from the train, knocked the other two unconscious and attacked the girls.
A cotton-gin fan is presented as evidence in the trial investigating the death of 14-year-old Chicago boy Emmett Louis Till, in Sumner, Miss., on September 22, 1955. The fan had been tied around the boy's neck with barbed wire when his body was found in the Tallahatchie River near the Delta community of Money, Mississippi, on August 31, 1955. (AP Photo)
This street scene in Poplarville, Miss., looks like it could be a copy of many Main Streets in many southern U.S. towns, shown June 3, 1959. But the community is troubled in the wake of the lynching of Charles Mack Parker, 23-year-old black man, who was dragged from jail April 24. He had been charged with raping a pregnant white woman. The general feeling among townspeople – at least what has been expressed – is the hope that authorities never catch the men who lynched Parker. This feeling was heightened during the FBI investigation of the case. (AP Photo)
The clog of debris in the Pearl River where the body of Mack Charles Parker was discovered, is pointed out by Al Wheat, 39-year-old fisherman, near Poplarville, Miss., May 5, 1959. Wheat, who aided the recovery of the body with his small boat, points to the outermost clump, at left. Swampy terrain made recovery by boat necessary. Parker's body was found about two miles south of a bridge connecting the highway between Bogalusa, La., and Poplarville. It was on the Mississippi side of the river which separates the states about 20 mile west of here. (AP Photo/Richard Tolbert)
These 12 men were seated September 20, 1955 in the jury box to hear testimony and decide the fate of Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam, who are charged with slaying Emmett Louis Till. Left to right, in front row, are Gus Ramsey, James Toole, E.L. Price, J.A. Shaw, Jr., Ray Tribble, and Ed Devaney. Back row, Travis Thomas, George Holland, Jim Pennington, Davis Newton, Howard Armstrong, and Bishop Matthews. The alternate juror is not pictured. (AP Photo/stf)
A six-member jury at a coroner's inquest into the lynch mob death of Mack Charles Parker, a 23-year-old African-American accused of rape, hears County Attorney William Steward, right, read the autopsy report, in Poplarville, Miss., May 5, 1959. Justice of the Peace Walter Davis, who conducted the hearing, sits left, foreground. Parker's body was found in the Pearl River yesterday. The jury ruled he died from "two high speed projectiles," probably bullet wounds, inflicted by an unknown person or persons. District Attorney Vernon Broom can be seen on the extreme left, with his back to the camera. (AP Photo/Richard Tolbert)
Part of a dismissed jury panel, foreground, leaves Pearl River County circuit court after Judge Sebe Dale, still at bench, top left, excused them and condemned the abduction and lynching of Mack Charles Parker, 23, an African-American charged with raping a white woman, in Poplarville, Miss., April 27, 1959. Masked men removed him from jail on Saturday. Neither Parker, or his abductors have been found. Judge Dale canceled all cases until the May term. He said the abduction denied Parker a fair trial. (AP Photo/Richard Tolbert)
A gravedigger delays the burial service for Mack Charles Parker, 23-year-old African-American man accused of rape, to widen the grave for the pine box, left, in Lumberton, Miss., May 5, 1959. Grief is written on the faces of relatives and friends of Parker, who was the victim of a lynch mob. Parker's body was retrieved from the Pearl River the previous day. About 100 African-Americans and 20 newsmen witnessed the burial. (AP photo/Richard Tolbert) 1959.
John Reyer, right, a 63-year-old local farmer,sits in the rear of an FBI car telling agents how he witnessed the abduction of Mack Charles Parker from his jail cell, in Poplarville, Miss., April 26, 1959. Reyer told them he saw four masked men throw an African-American man into the back seat of a car and drive off. Reyer had been visiting the hospital across the street. Parker was being held on the charge of raping a white woman. The trial was scheduled to start in two days.
(AP Photo/Richard Tolbert)
Roy Bryant, right, and his half-brother, J. W. Milam, second from right, walk down the steps of the Leflore County Courthouse in Greenwood, Miss., on Sept. 30, 1955, after being freed on bond in the kidnapping and murder of Emmett Till. Bryant and Milam eventually were acquitted of murdering the 14-year-old black youth in a trial which drew international attention that fall. (AP Photo)
Mrs. Mamie Bradley, mother of Emmett Louis Till, a black 14 year old slain in Mississippi, attends a rally in Williams Institutional Christian Methodist Episcopal Church at Seventh Avenue, between 131st and 132nd Streets, New York City, September 25, 1955, at which the verdict of last week's trial at Sumner, MS was denounced. Mrs. Bradley told the rally that the acquittal of the two men accused of the murder of her son constituted a signal that lynching is now in order. (AP Photo/stf)
Lamar Howard, 19, of Monroe, Ga., points to bruises he said he received in Atlanta from two white men, Jan. 2, 1947. Howard said they tried to force from him his testimony before a federal grand jury investigation the lynching of four blacks near Monroe last summer. (AP Photo)
Pickets, representing the National Association of Colored Women, march at the White House, Washington, July 30, 1946, carrying posters protesting lynching. Placards bear names of Missouri, Michigan, Massachusetts, Louisiana and Kentucky delegations. (AP Photo)
Smoke rises from the burning body of Cleo Wright, African American, suspected of attempted rape of a white woman. He was taken from the city hall of Sikeston, Missouri on Jan. 25, 1942, already injured by an arresting officer, and was burned by a mob. (AP Photo)
Coroner W.T Brown places a sheet over the body of one of four African American mob victims in a funeral home at Monroe, Ga., in a July 26, 1946 file photo. Newly released files from the lynching of two black couples more than 60 years ago contain a disturbing revelation: The FBI investigated suspicions that a three-term governor of Georgia sanctioned the murders to sway rural white voters during a tough election campaign. (AP Photo, File)
Weary searchers found the bullet-riddled body of Albert Gooden, 35-year-old African American, Tipton CountyÂ's first lynch victim since the Civil War near Covington, Tennessee on August 17, 1937. Gooden was seized from Sheriff W.J. Vaughan the night before while the officer was en route from Memphis, where Gooden was held for safekeeping, to Covington, where he was to face a charge a slaying an officer. (AP Photo)
Saved earlier from a mob by national guardsmen and a judge, Lint Shaw, a 45 year old Negro, was taken from jail in Royston, Georgia, and lynched a short time before he was to have gone on trial for attacking a white girl.
Ref #: PA.2480685
Georgia Governor Eugene Talmadge bites his cigar at a Democratic National Committee meeting in Washington, D.C., in a Jan. 9, 1936 file photo. Newly released files from a horrific lynching of two black couples 61 years ago contain a disturbing revelation: The FBI investigated suspicions that Talmadge, a three-term governor of Georgia, approved the murders to sway rural white voters during a tough election campaign. (AP Photo, File)
A crowd gathers to view the body of 32-year-old Rubin Stacy as he hangs from a tree in Fort Lauderdale, Fl., on July 19, 1935. Stacy was lynched by a mob of masked men who seized him from the custody of sheriff's deputies for allegedly attacking a white woman.
The body of 32-year-old Rubin Stacy hangs from a tree in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., as neighbors visit the site.
Stacy was lynched by a mob of masked men who seized him from the custody of sheriff's deputies for allegedly attacking a white woman.
More than 1,200 braved disagreeable weather to attend a rally in Union Square, New York City, December 9, 1933, on behalf of the nine Scottsboro boys. The meeting was arranged by the International Labor Defense and was backed by the Communist Party. The marchers carried banners and a sign with the image of a lynching, and the legend "Alabama – The land of the tree and the home of the grave."
State Troopers keep a crowd in check in Salisbury, Md., Nov. 28, 1933. The troopers were sent by Gov. Albert Ritchie to arrest suspects in the lynching of George Armwood in nearby Princess Anne, Md., last month. They were threatened by the crowds and used tear gas to repulse them. (AP Photo)
Maryland State Troopers in charge of the campaign to apprehend a group of lynchers work out a plan of attack in Salisbury, Md., Nov. 28, 1933. From left: Attorney General W. Preston Lane Jr.; Col. Washington Bowie; Brigadier General Milton A. Reckord, state adjutant general; and Capt. Edward Mck. Johnson of the Maryland State Police. (AP Photo)
Ref #: PA.20299308
Rioter's converge outside the Douglas County Courthouse. On Sept. 27, an angry mob grabbed William Brown, a black man, inside the courthouse after he was accused of mugging a white, handicapped man and raping the man's fiancee. Brown was stripped, beaten unconscious and castrated before hundreds of bullets were fired into his body as he was dragged by an automobile and hanged from a downtown light pole.
Loy Harrison, right, in this photo taken July 26, 1946, shows Oconeee County Sheriff J.M. Bond, left, and Coroner W.T. Brown of Walton County, center, the spot where four blacks had been abducted from his car. On July 25, 1946 George Dorsey, Mae Murray Dorsey, Roger Malcom and Dorothy Malcom were lynched by a mob on the old bridge that spanned the Apalachee River some 60 miles from Atlanta.
An undated portrait of Emmett Louis Till, a black 14 year old Chicago boy, whose weighted down body was found in the Tallahatchie River near the Delta community of Money, Mississippi, August 31, 1955. Local residents Roy Bryant, 24, and J.W. Milam, 35, were accused of kidnapping, torturing and murdering Till for allegedly whistling at Bryant's wife. (AP Photo)
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This album cover drawing project continues today with Celldweller's first album. From what I gather, it chronicles some guy stuck in some sort of metaphorical and/or physical cell. Alright, I'm not entirely sure what it's about, but it sounds awesome.
Most of these albums will be ones that I listen to often or have neat-looking covers. If you want to request one, I'll consider drawing it.


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Delivery available in Pierce, King, Kitsap and Thurston Counties. Fabric and finishes shown here may vary from item in store. We recommend calling to confirm price & availability.


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Leeds News
Yorkshire Live
Marcelo Bielsa sums up the Izzy Brown situation nearly five months into his Leeds United loan
Chelsea loanee was one of the topics Bielsa discussed in his press conference
leedslive
Beren CrossDigital Sports Writer
Welcome to Marcelo Bielsa's latest Leeds United press conference as the head coach previews Saturday's trip to Stoke City.
After Wednesday's staggering, bizarre, amazing masterclass with the Elland Road chief, nobody knows what to expect from Thursday afternoon's briefing.
Bielsa is expected to answer questions from 12.30pm, around 18 hours after he concluded Wednesday's overview of the tactical analysis he used on Derby County.
The spying scandal will no doubt be mentioned, but we also have the small matter of a former Real Madrid goalkeeper on our hands.
Kiko Casilla's four-and-a-half-year contract was announced this morning and the 32-year-old is expected to strongly challenge Bailey Peacock-Farrell for a starting berth.
We will get Bielsa's views on Casilla, yesterday's tactical masterclass and, of course, Nathan Jones's Stoke.
Follow every question and answer below from 12.30pm.
13:34 Beren Cross
That's it from the pair of them. Thank you for following.
Cooper on captaining a side to promotion
It would mean the world to me, but it's at the back of my mind.
Cooper on Bramall Lane injury
All medical team been different class. Got me back a week or two earlier. Rob Price acted very quickly.
Cooper on his own game
Couple of seasons struggling to adapt back into the Championship. Got myself well in pre-season. Tough pre-season has been good for me and got me through games much easier.
Cooper on homework
Couple of days before matches we have meetings and individual meetings. Sheet of paper to research how we prepare. Personalised sheet of paper.
Has Bielsa been the difference this season?
One hundred per cent. Same group by one of the greatest coaches in the world. Unbelievable man and a very nice man.
Cooper on Bielsa's intense analysis
Factors which can disorientate you or make you better in a match. All this information makes it easier. Gets rid of any anxiety.
Cooper on Spygate
Normal for us. Sick of hearing about it. One more step in the right direction for us. It's all over for us now. Let's talk about football. We've got 19 massive matches coming up.
Cooper on Casilla
Surprisingly good English. Great addition to the club and welcome competition for Bailey. Bielsa demands respect. Boys aren't stupid. They know what he's done in the game. A coup for the club. Can't wait to work with him.
Do my job here then things may come along.
Stoke win was a surprise - still get a surprise in this league?
Everybody knows the league is unpredictable. That's why we love it. We love playing in it. Plenty of ups and downs. Plenty of ups this season and want to end the season well.
Named his side - confidence for you?
Performances made it hard for him to drop anyone. We dominated a good Derby team. Long way to go.
Top of the league - believe you're the best?
Need that arrogance. Know we can beat anyone. Need to reach high intensity. It's reaching those levels.
Toby Nye
Meant the world to the club. Condolences to the family from everyone at the club. He touched me. We are all rooting for him.
Last night's preparation the norm?
Never in my career. We go on that pitch with no excuses. He researches everything. Nobody has surprised us this season.
How has Bielsa improved everyone?
We said the same as you last night. He entices you and impresses you. You want to play well and impress him. Work hard and we get the result.
Leeds expectations
Haven't been able to give the fans anything to celebrate for a few years. This season going well, but still some time to go. Taking it game by game.
Cooper here - Stoke win catalyst
Stoke win was the catalyst for the season. A win-win situation for us. Good team, been in the Premier League for so long. Positive result set us up for the season.
Liam Cooper coming up next
The United skipper is still training, apparently, but there is still a hope to bring the captain in.
United are the best team this season - important to remember that?
What happened in the last few days is something complex. The focus was put on that and not on the football.
Impact Brown can have
Brown has to show he can play. Not to me, obviously. He will have to prove himself. He has been elected the best player of the Championship some years ago.
Discussion around Brown's success at Huddersfield.
I'm taking this example to show he has already shown his skills. When you don't play for a year you have doubts about the level of a player. It's not about confidence because Izzy Brown is very confident. It's not about work because he's a very serious professional. The idea is to take his willingness, his confidence and his work to be at the olace where he has been in the past. This is a work we are all involved in, implicated in. We have hope about it.
Stoke thoughts - under perfoming?
We can't have any doubt about the quality of their players. Just look at the games they play. It's a team which has the skills to have a higher rank than the one they have now. Every time I look at the results after a game we have more unexpected results than expected ones. The attractive aspect of the Championship are these results.
If I had to describe the Championship, the one who is supposed to win does not win necessarily. If the favourite team wins it's never easy for the favourite team.
Izzy Brown
He is fit. The figures we take into account when a player hasn't played for a year, these figures show a player needs six games to recover his fitness and be ready for a high competition game.
We'll see with the passing of the games if six is enough, too much or not enough.
Relief to focus on the football
A big relief.
Fit enough to play now?
Today has been his first session with us. He won't play against Stoke, even if he's fit to do it, he won't do it.
We'll see the evolution in the next few days and take a decision.
Casilla attributes
He's a complete player. He's good in the aerial game. He's a good player when he has to block shots from the opponent. He is a player with personality. He is good with his feet and with balls in the air. We can't say one of these aspects is a strong points, but I don't see any weak points.
Injured players - update
Berardi will play next Monday and if everything goes well he will be in the group for the next game. Dallas started the training sessions with the group today and Douglas will do the same tomorrow. They won't play next Monday, but they will the following under-23s game. If everything goes well they will be in for the next game after that.
It will be the same for Bamford. Maybe he will need a little more time. These three players will be available in the next 10 days. Also, Phillips will come back as he will have his three-match suspension over.
We solved the absence of Blackman with the signing of Casilla.
Difficulty in analysing Stoke with new boss
We prepared the game taking into account the starting XI of the opponent. Taking our starting XI into account: Forshaw, Pablo, Clarke (didn't get the other names).
We want to show we can have a positive several results in a row.
On Stoke
"It was an important win in August over Stoke, aside from the three points."
Beren Cross
Bielsa expected from 12.30pm
Sit tight. We know it will be worth the wait...
Kiko Casilla
Leeds United transfer news
Robin KochRobin Koch sends Leeds United fans a fitness update after his knee surgeryLeeds United defender Robin Koch underwent knee surgery six weeks ago after limping off at Chelsea in the Premier League and went on to miss the next eight matches
Leeds United transfer rumours: Andy Delort offered, Jean-Philippe Mateta makes decision
Leeds United FCThe latest Leeds United transfer rumours, including Andy Delort being offered, Jean-Phillipe Mateta's impending loan move to Crystal Palace and the Whites reportedly missing out on a cut-price deal for Kouadio Kone.
Leeds United news as Ian Wright enters relegation debate, Marcelo Bielsa's aggression displayed
Leeds United FCThe latest Leeds United news and headlines, including Ian Wright's relegation warning, Marcelo Bielsa's aggressive tactics proven, and Jamaal Lascelles' message to his Newcastle teammates.
Joe Gelhardt mystery grows deeper as Leeds United lose member of coaching team
Leeds United FCThe Leeds United morning digest, including the deepening Joe Gelhardt mystery, the financial impact of being knocked out of the FA Cup, and the departure of under-23s coach Darren Arnott.
Leeds United fixtures moved as February TV schedule is confirmed
Leeds United FCThree Leeds United games have been chosen for broadcast by Sky Sports and BT Sport
Leeds United FCYour Leeds United half-season highlights, best players and second-half predictions wantedAs we approach the halfway point of the campaign
Leeds United news as club make Elland Road Covid protocol updates
Leeds United FCThis morning's latest Leeds United headlines including a positive injury update from Robin Koch
Robin Koch sends Leeds United fans a fitness update after his knee surgery
Robin KochLeeds United defender Robin Koch underwent knee surgery six weeks ago after limping off at Chelsea in the Premier League and went on to miss the next eight matches
Leeds United's unique global commercial opportunity and the Gen Z tactics they must adopt
Leeds United FCGrowth in the United States and Asia is key to any Premier League side's future and Leeds United are better placed than most to achieve this
EmmerdaleEmmerdale star Dean Andrews to 'beg' soap bosses to let him rejoin new Life On Mars seriesViewers would hope it would only be a temporary exit
Emmerdale's Katherine Dow Blyton fears the axe from ITV soap in murder storyline
EmmerdaleThe character has been an Emmerdale regular since 2013
NewsHeavy rain is highly expected throughout the evening
Disabled Leeds man forced to move out of home after continuous bullying
LeedsPaul Lidgard, 51, moved out of his home in Leeds after receiving death threats
Leeds flood warnings list as River Aire bursts its banks and train passengers warned not to travel
WeatherMore rain is expected today
Huge traffic changes in Leeds city centre as two major schemes near completion
Leeds city centreIt comes as part of the Connecting Leeds campaign
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Leeds NewsFive years after the Boxing Day floods MPs say people are still waiting for promised defences
Live Leeds coronavirus updates as daily death toll in UK passes new grim milestone
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Join us Sunday August 16 from 7-9 MST (10-midnight EST) for an online-only Facebook launch party for six new Kindle Scout authors. Lots of entertaining Q&A, freebies, and trivia. A fun way to spend Sunday evening. Discover new authors. Learn more about placing your own novel with Kindle Scout. You can help us by attending and by also inviting Facebook friends.
Click here to join the party on Facebook and Invite your friends!


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text:
Q: R not recognizing scientific notation of imported table? I have a column in a dataframe (read in from a .csv) that has some values in scientific notation and some that are not. Like so:
v1 <- c(207669000, 1.48E+08, 8.40E+08, 7.95E+08, 95600000, 1.87E+08)

when I call typeof() on this column it returns:
typeof(v1)
[1] "integer"

when I try to convert the type to numeric I get this:
 as.numeric(v1)
 [1] 27 15 47 44 62 22

Which makes no sense to me. What's going on here? I just want all the values to be in non-scientific notation and also the be the right numbers. I also tried options(scipen = 999)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Tagged With "FDA" | Kids With Food Allergies
Tag: FDA
Tagged With "FDA"
Re: AAFA Joins Other Groups to Release Statement on Impact of Government Shutdown on FDA's Review of Food Allergy Treatments
Fredric · 1/22/195:41 PM
"Delays of any kind prolong the long wait for a potentially life-saving therapy for peanut allergy." Should read for food allergies. Not just specifically for peanut allergy. Respectfully, Fred Adler > On Jan 22, 2019, at 2:28 PM, Kids With Food Allergies < support@aafa.org > wrote: > > Delays of any kind prolong the long wait for a potentially life-saving therapy for peanut allergy.
Re: Label Reading Reminder: Look Out for Similar Packaging or Separate Items Within a Package
Sunny5 · 6/4/1912:08 AM
Thank you for reminder to Read labels and not get relaxed on reading common products as safe. I am very worried about cupcakes label said PEANUT FREE Facility BUT...i never seen strawberry cupcakes so decided to read label it said nuts n pecans in ingredients...i s so glad i read ..my daughter is allergic to nuts ALL nut and i was taking them to school for LAST DAY OF SCHOOL SNACK TO CHANGE OUT THE TEACHERS SNACKS FOR SAFE TREATS ..SCARY!! AND im discusted the label said peanut free sticker...
Kathy P · 6/4/1912:17 AM
Hi Sunny - that sounds really scary and I'm so glad you checked the label so thoroughly. Peanut and tree nuts are different allergens, so something can be peanut free but not tree nut free...and vice versa. Thank you for the reminder to not make assumptions about labeling "claims" and always read the full ingredients label.
K8sMom2002 · 6/4/1910:30 AM
Wow, that was a great catch, Sunny! Does your daughter avoid both peanuts and tree nuts? Here's a great resource that's helped me understand labeling ... FAQ About the Food Allergen Labeling Consumer Protection Act . It was eye-opening how many exceptions there were!
Re: Epinephrine Nasal Spray Gets Fast Track Status From FDA as a Possible Treatment for Life-Threatening Food Allergy Reactions
Momofthree · 9/4/187:03 PM
This would be amazing! Will be interesting to see the cost comparison to the auto injector.
goodsammy · 9/5/1812:43 PM
This will eliminate the necessity of training to administer epinephrene. Even after getting trained, a lot of people are hesitant to give the injection and things get delayed. If this spray gets approved, it has the potential to save a lot of lives.
StephC · 9/5/182:40 PM
Re: Share Your Allergy Reactions to Sesame With the FDA
Lisa · 10/13/1810:56 AM
Thank you for posting this. When my son was allergic to sesame it was very frustrating to deal with the lack of awareness of sesame as a serious allergen. My son had multiple reactions as a young child and the survey only allowed me to report one reaction. I tried to click again and it would not let me take the survey again so I only reported one of the bunch of reactions to undeclared sesame he had.
Re: AAFA Applauds FDA First Steps Toward Declaring Sesame as Major Allergen
akkerber · 11/15/182:07 PM
So happy this is advancing. Thank you for your work on it! While my daughter has not had a known reaction to sesame her rast and skin response to sesame are off the charts. Avoiding it purchased foods is very tricky.
Megan P-K · 11/15/182:24 PM
Yes, thank you for posting this and I am so glad and grateful that people are advocating for the addition of sesame as a "top 9" allergen! My daughter is severely allergic to sesame and it's frustrating to not have it labeled as an allergen. I completed the survey.
Brenda Silvia-Torma · 11/15/182:42 PM
Meghan P-K and LISA, thank you both for completing the survey! Your input will definitely help to reinforce the need for sesame to be included on labels. Thank you for sharing your kiddos' stories! Brenda
Re: FDA Gives Experimental Peanut Allergy Patch Special Status Designed to Speed Review
Abigail's Mommy · 5/12/155:31 PM
How can we find a Phase III trial? I'm interested in doing this.
StephC · 5/12/159:16 PM
Same here. And how do we get notified about trials for milk?
Re: U.S. Updating Rules for Food Manufacturers With Food Allergies in Mind
Katie D · 6/10/1612:27 PM
It is encouraging to see these changes being made, and I hope we start to see a decline in the number of recalls we see along with better management and education of allergens within manufacturing facilities. I did not know that the FDA didn't have the ability to force a recall for mislabeled products and that it was up to the manufacturer, this is a move in the right direction for sure. To the facilities have to have procedures in place to ensure that their products are not cross...
Think Your Dark Chocolate is Dairy Free? Better Call the Company
Kids With Food Allergies · 2/12/152:03 PM
The Food and Drug Administration is warning consumers that the dark chocolate you purchased may likely have milk in it – even, in two cases, products labeled "dairy free." The FDA study tested 100 dark chocolate products and...
New Study Shows Sesame Allergy May Be More Common Than Some Top 8 Food Allergies
KFA News Team · 8/2/1911:09 AM
Recently, the FDA has been asking for more data to support adding sesame to the list of top food allergens. A new study titled "Prevalence and Severity of Sesame Allergy in the United States" has been released by the JAMA Network today in response to the FDA's request.
Do the Food Allergen Labeling Laws Apply to Cosmetics?
Kids With Food Allergies · 4/4/167:38 PM
From lip balm and shampoo to moisturizers and eye shadow, cosmetics are overseen by the Food & Drug Administration (FDA). Even though these products go on our lips and skin, the FDA provides a lot less oversight than you might expect. In fact, most of the time the government does not get involved until there is a problem. Here's what you need to know. What are "cosmetics"? The government defines "cosmetics" based on how the product is meant to be used. Cosmetics are meant to be rubbed,...
It's Time to Label Sesame a Major Allergen
Kids With Food Allergies · 12/21/181:45 PM
For people with food allergies, accurate food labels are important. Ingredient labels became clearer when the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act went into effect in 2006 – at least for those allergic to one of the top eight major food allergens. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, wheat, peanuts and soybeans as major food allergens.
Label Reading Reminder: Look Out for Similar Packaging or Separate Items Within a Package
KFA Food Bloggers · 6/3/1911:00 AM
Label reading is a critical part of managing your child's food allergies. But it can often be confusing. For example, it's not uncommon for companies to sell food in similar packaging even though they have similar ingredients.
Epinephrine Nasal Spray Gets Fast Track Status From FDA as a Possible Treatment for Life-Threatening Food Allergy Reactions
KFA News Team · 9/4/181:27 PM
INSYS Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: INSY), a leader in the development, manufacture and commercialization of pharmaceutical cannabinoids and spray technology, announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Fast Track designation to the company's epinephrine nasal spray as an investigational treatment for anaphylaxis, an acute, life-threatening allergic reaction requiring urgent treatment.
FDA Accepts Application for Viaskin Peanut Patch for Review
KFA News Team · 10/8/193:11 PM
DBV Technologies, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted for review the Biologics License Application (BLA) for its investigational Viaskin® Peanut immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut-allergic children ages 4 to 11 years. Viaskin Peanut is the Company's lead product candidate designed to potentially reduce the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions due to accidental exposure to peanuts.
FDA Allows Peanut Immunotherapy Treatments to Advance
KFA News Team · 6/25/1511:00 AM
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agreed to expedite the review of a specially formulated peanut product. The peanut product, called AR101, is being studied as a potential allergy treatment. The status was granted after the company...
FDA Approves Eucrisa for Eczema
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Eucrisa (crisaborole) ointment to treat mild to moderate eczema (atopic dermatitis) in patients two years of age and older.
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FDA Approves First Generic Competitor of EpiPen Epinephrine Auto-Injector
KFA News Team · 8/16/182:17 PM
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved the first generic version of EpiPen and EpiPen Jr (epinephrine) auto-injector for the emergency treatment of allergic reactions, including those that are life-threatening (anaphylaxis), in adults and pediatric patients who weigh more than 33 pounds. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths.
FDA Approves Lower Dose of Symjepi Epinephrine for Severe Allergic Reactions
KFA News Team · 10/3/1812:57 PM
Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (NASDAQ: ADMP) ("Adamis") today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") has approved Adamis' lower dose version (0.15mg) of Symjepi ™ for the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (Type I) including anaphylaxis.
FDA Approves New Flu Treatment
KFA News Team · 10/24/183:00 PM
Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza (flu) in patients 12 years of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours.
FDA Extends Expiration Dates of Certain Lots of EpiPens®
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today took additional action to mitigate shortages of EpiPen (epinephrine) auto-injector by extending the expiration date of specific lots of 0.3 milligram products marketed by Mylan by four months beyond the labeled expiration date.
FDA Extends Expiration Dates of All Lots of EpiPens® and Authorized Generic
As supply interruptions and shortages of epinephrine auto-injectors continue, the FDA has extended the expiration dates of all lots of EpiPen® (epinephrine injection, USP) 0.3 mg Auto-Injectors and its authorized generic version currently on the market in the U.S. after a review of stability data. Read more for the new expiration dates.
FDA: Foods Must Contain What Label States
FDA: Foods Must Contain What Label SaysFebruary 4, 2013 As someone who cares about what your family eats, you make it a practice when shopping to read the labels on food packages. And you have the right to expect that the information on the...
FDA Gives Experimental Peanut Allergy Patch Special Status Designed to Speed Review
The Food and Drug Administration agreed to review a skin patch for peanut allergy on an expedited basis following positive results of recent clinical trials, the company said Thursday. DBV Technologies said that the FDA granted its Viaskin...
FDA Modernizes Nutrition Facts Label for Packaged Foods
Kids With Food Allergies is providing this information from the FDA so you can stay informed about changes in the Nutritional Facts label on packaged foods. Be aware this redesign does not change how allergens are labeled . Stay up-to-date on breaking news about food allergies, nutrition updates and allergy-friendly recipes and join or login to our community today! For Immediate Release May 20, 2016 Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration took a major step in making sure consumers have...
FDA Study Finds Milk in Most Dark Chocolate, No Matter What Label Says
This FDA Consumer Update sheds further light on the results of an FDA study on milk in dark chocolate shared previously . For more detail, read the study results . In This Update: Read 'May' as 'Likely' Not Quite...
FDA Updates Instructions for EpiPens and Other Epinephrine Auto-Injectors
The FDA announced changes to the labeling for epinephrine auto-injectors to help patients and caregivers use the medication appropriately in the event of anaphylaxis (anna-fih-LACK-sis). Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction. Epinephrine is always the first treatment for serious allergic reactions . For all epinephrine auto-injectors: Hold the patient's leg and keep the leg steady while you inject the epinephrine This will help prevent the needles from cutting the thigh or becoming...
How to Report Foods After an Allergic Reaction
If you suspect your child had an allergic reaction to a mislabeled food, you can report it. By doing so, you can help play an important role in public health.
U.S. Updating Rules for Food Manufacturers With Food Allergies in Mind
Kids With Food Allergies · 6/9/1612:15 PM
Have you read about changes to U.S. food manufacturing practices? Are you confused? In this post, we explain some of the changes and what it means if you have food allergies. What Are Good Manufacturing Practices? The U.S. has rules that establish "Good Manufacturing Practices" (GMP) for food manufacturers to follow. These practices help to lessen the risk of danger to the public. They require manufacturers to follow good food hygiene and handling methods. Most facilities that manufacture...
What Progress Is Being Made to Improve Sesame Labeling?
Kids With Food Allergies · 11/28/1810:00 AM
Sesame labeling has been a common topic in the news and our community recently. We wanted to give you an update on progress we've made advocating for better sesame labeling.
DBV Resubmits Viaskin Peanut Allergy Treatment to FDA
DBV Technologies, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, today announced the submission of its Biologics License Application (BLA) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Viaskin® Peanut for the treatment of peanut-allergic children ages 4 to 11 years.
DBV to Resubmit Viaskin Peanut Treatment for FDA Biologics License
Kids With Food Allergies is sharing this press release from DBV Technologies to bring you the latest research news quickly. [PRESS RELEASE] DBV Technologies Provides Update on Regulatory Status of Viaskin Peanut for the Treatment of PeanutAllergic Children 4 to 11 Years of Age Progress made to date to enable BLA resubmission in Q3 2019 Company to hold conference call today, February 13th, at 4:30 ET / 22:30 CET DBV Technologies (Euronext: DBV – ISIN: FR0010417345 – Nasdaq Stock Market:...
Proposed Federal Bill Adds Sesame to List of Major Allergens
Kids With Food Allergies · 1/6/1610:30 AM
An important bill in Congress adds sesame to the list of major allergens that must be declared on a food label. Currently, only eight allergens - milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat and soy - are listed on food labels . Allergens not on that list - such as sesame – are sometimes called non top-8 allergens. The Food Labeling Modernization Act of 2015 (HR 4061) would make sesame the ninth allergen regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, the...
Share Your Allergy Reactions to Sesame With the FDA
Sesame allergy ranks ninth in prevalence behind the top 8 allergens. But manufacturers are not required to clearly label sesame on their products. It can even go unlabeled under terms like "spices" and "natural flavoring." This is very distressing as reactions to sesame can be among the most severe for adults and children. We are asking community members who have had an adverse reaction to sesame, or care for someone who has, to share their story with the FDA.
17% of Children With Food Allergies May Have a Sesame Allergy
Investigators at the National Institutes of Health have found that sesame allergy is common among children with other food allergies, occurring in an estimated 17% of this population. In addition, the scientists have found that sesame antibody testing—whose utility has been controversial—accurately predicts whether a child with food allergy is allergic to sesame. The research was published on Oct. 28 in the journal Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.
AAFA Applauds FDA First Steps Toward Declaring Sesame as Major Allergen
The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA), the premiere nonprofit representing patients with asthma and allergies, applauds the recent request for information and statement from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) demonstrating its commitment to explore the classification of sesame as a major allergen. Kids With Food Allergies is a division of AAFA.
AAFA Brings Patient Voice to FDA Committee Review on Palforzia, Oral Immunotherapy Treatment for Peanut Allergy
On Sept. 13, 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Allergenic Products Advisory Committee recommended the approval of Aimmune Therapeutics' peanut treatment, Palforzia. If approved, Palforzia would be ground-breaking for the future of food allergy treatments. What Is Palforzia? Palforzia, also known as AR101, is a type of oral immunotherapy (OIT) for peanut allergy. If approved, it would be the first FDA-approved treatment for peanut allergy. Currently, some allergists already...
AAFA Joins Other Groups to Release Statement on Impact of Government Shutdown on FDA's Review of Food Allergy Treatments
The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA) has joined with the Allergy & Asthma Network, the Center for Science in the Public Interest and Food Allergy Research & Education to issue a statement about the current government shut down and its impact on the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) review of food allergy therapies.
AAFA Responds to FDA Cumin Warning
This week, the Food and Drug Administration issued a warning to people with peanut allergies, advising them to consider staying away from all food products containing ground cumin or cumin powder after a wave of recalls. Ground cumin, apparently...
FDA Application for Peanut Patch for Children 4 to 11 Years of Age Is Withdrawn
DBV Technologies today announced that after discussions with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), its Biologics License Application (BLA) for Viaskin Peanut in children four to 11 years of age has been voluntarily withdrawn. DBV is currently working closely with the agency to resubmit the application for Viaskin Peanut as quickly as possible.
Re: What Progress Is Being Made to Improve Sesame Labeling?
Brenda Silvia-Torma · 11/19/1811:55 AM
This is fantastic news!! Brenda
On Nov. 28, 2018, we updated this post to include two new milestones in the timeline: 2018, November – AAFA meets with representatives of Congressional Asthma and Allergy Caucus to garner support for the inclusion of sesame on food labeling. 2018, November – Congressional Asthma and Allergy Caucus sends a letter prepared by AAFA to FDA Commissioner Gottlieb urging the addition of sesame to the list of major food allergens.
Re: DBV to Resubmit Viaskin Peanut Treatment for FDA Biologics License
Nutfreemama1 · 2/15/196:28 AM
Waiting for this! Already tried oit and slit.
Re: FDA Updates Instructions for EpiPens and Other Epinephrine Auto-Injectors
If you have any questions about the new labels, speak with your healthcare provider. Here is a message from Mylan, the makers of EpiPens: "Mylan offers a library of training and support resources for patients and caregivers which are in the process of being updated to reflect the new labeling. In the meantime, please speak to your healthcare professional or call the Mylan Customer Service team at 800-395-3376 with any questions about the changes. Additionally, each EpiPen 2-Pak® and EpiPen...


This paper aims to discuss the concepts and methodological issues of enterprise risk management (ERM). The case study of company A shows that ERM has been implemented and integrated with management control as a means of monitoring its subsidiaries. First, ERM system was implemented through comprehensive review of corporate risk policies, risk management processes, roles and responsibilities, and risk culture. Second, company A integrated ERM with the existing management control system in order to evaluate the risk underlying the current management activities. Finally, ERM implementation was expanded to all subsidiaries so that each business unit would be delegated for its own risk management. This paper provides insight on the process how group-level internal auditors can use ERM as a tool to manage risk of subsidiaries, thereby filling the gap between academic research and practice. This successful ERM adoption case can be used as a guideline for other organizations, which plan to adopt ERM with reduced costs and improved processes.
Buy and hold strategies make staying disciplined difficult for investors, especially given the variability of returns for different asset classes/strategies during divergent market conditions. Market timing strategies, on the other hand, present significant theoretical benefits, but in reality these benefits are difficult to obtain. Tactical asset allocation, where limited deviations from the strategic allocation are allowed permits the portfolio manager to take advantage of market conditions fits between these two extremes. The authors correlate daily returns for each of eighteen separate asset classes typically used in diversified institutional portfolios and daily closing values of the VIX (the ticker symbol for the Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index). This information is used to select those classes whose returns are most responsive to the level of the VIX. Portfolio allocations for eight selected asset classes are revised depending on the level of the VIX at the daily close of the market. The portfolio is rebalanced on the business day following the day the VIX hits the trigger value. The VIX tactical allocation overlay yields an increase in return over the buy and hold portfolio of approximately 38 basis points. The authors conclude that the tactical asset allocation strategy based on the level of VIX provides a higher return than the neutral buy and hold allocation with a higher Sharpe ratio and lower volatility.
Estimation of systematic risk is one of the important aspects of the best investment decisions. Through systematic risk prediction will be known risks to be faced by investors, because systematic risk is a measure of investment risk. In addition to returns, investors always consider the risk of investment, because investors are rational individuals, ie individuals who always consider the trade-off between return and risk. At a certain level of return, investors will tend to choose investments with the lowest risk level. Conversely, at a certain level of risk, investors tend to choose investments with the highest return rate. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of the financial information on the systematic risk of stock manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over a period of five years from January 2011 to December 2015. The financial information is measured in four accounting variables, i.e. financial leverage, liquidity, profitability, and firm size. The results of data analysis using multiple linear regression method to prove that at the 0.05 level only variable sized companies that significantly influence systematic risk. Meanwhile, the variable financial leverage, liquidity, and profitability does not affect the systematic risk. The results showed inconsistencies with the results of several previous studies. This inconsistency may be due to measurement problems variable accounting, the implementation period of the study, and the use of different research samples.
Jordanian banks traditionally use a set of indicators, based on their internal explicit knowledge to examine the credit risk caused by default loans of individual borrowers. The banks are reliant on the personal and financial information of the borrowers, obtained by knowing them, often referred as internal explicit knowledge. Internal explicit knowledge characterizes both financial and non-financial indicators of individual borrowers, such as; loan amount, educational level, occupation, income, marital status, age, and gender. The authors studied 2755 default or non-performing personal loan profiles obtained from Jordanian Banks over a period of 1999 to 2014. The results show that low earning unemployed borrowers are very likely to default and contribute to non-performing loans by increasing the chances of credit risk. In addition, it is found that the unmarried, younger borrowers and moderate loan amount increase the probability of non-performing loans. On the contrary, borrowers employed in private sector and at least educated to a degree level are most likely to mitigate the credit risk. The study suggests improving the decision making process of Jordanian banks by making it more quantitative and dependable, instead of using only subjective or judgemental based understanding of borrowers.
Using a European dataset of 478 delistings, the authors investigate the role of corporate governance in the short-term performance of European stocks around a delisting decision. In order to achieve this, the authors utilize the event study methodology in multiple contexts and cross-sectional regression analysis. This is particularly evident in high shareholder protection environments in a finding, related with investors' perception of the security they experience in the particular market, as well as the afterlife of the under delisting stock and the potential of value creation or destruction. In high investor protection environments the delisting event causes negative abnormal returns both for voluntary and involuntary delistings. The authors conjecture that these delistings, whether referring to LBOs, delistings from secondary listings or BOSOs, are strategic decisions, and in this respect pre-delisting shareholders acknowledge that there is life after delisting. Under low investor protection the above holds only for involuntary ones. Companies failing to meet capital market criteria and voluntary delistings appear to have significantly smaller losses than under bankruptcy firms, on average, on the eve of the delisting event. These abnormal returns are basically affected by the firms' financial soundness and the corporate governance level pertaining in the host market. Cross-sectional regression analysis shows also the inverse relationship between the degree of governance structures and market reaction to delistings announcements.
Working capital plays a vital role in shareholders' wealth creation, yet there is a dearth of empirical studies on the relationship between working capital management and firm value in the South African economic environment. This study attempts to fill this gap by using Richards and Laughlin's (1980) Cash Conversion Cycle theory to investigate the impact of working capital management efficiency and its separate components on firm value of South African firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). Panel data regression methodology was used to analyze accounting data obtained from I-Net Bridge/BFA McGregor for 75 firms for the 10 year period, 2003 to 2012, to determine the nexus between WCM and profitability (proxied by return on assets). The key findings of the study are as follows: 1) there exists a significant positive relationship between firm value and both inventory conversion period and receivables conversion period; 2) the relationship between the cash conversion cycle and firm value is positive but insignificant; 3) there is a significant positive relationship between accounts payable deferral period (PDP) and profitability; 4) firm size and firm value are significantly positively related, and 5) there is a significant negative relationship between leverage and firm value.
This study intends to investigate whether stock returns affect the consumer sentiment. In particular, socially responsible companies are incorporated in the sample in order to capture the specification of socially responsible investors. For this reason, the University of Michigan Consumer Confidence Index is used as a proxy for consumer confidence, while data from Dow Jones Sustainability Index US is employed as a proxy for socially responsible companies for the period 1999-2016. The generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model applied and illustrated that stock returns affect positively the consumer confidence. The result has important implications for investors and policy makers.
Investment analysis is a crucial process for any investment's success. This process can be supported by both the discounted cash flow analysis and the real options analysis. Many researchers have point out restrictions for the first one, in cases of uncertainty in the entrepreneurial environment. The main types of uncertainty, concerning the wind energy sector, include uncertainties related to the price of electriticity by RES, the public policy regulatory policies, the demand, the initial capital costs, the technological progress, the weather conditions, the political and economical situations and generally the RES market structure. In this paper, we try to find the optimal investment strategy in a liberalized global electricity market, where the price of electricity is uncertain while the other parameters are configured separately in each country. The authors consider about the factors of the time for investment and the electricity's price level, in wind energy by using the real options theory. The authors select a variety of data for the wind energy industry from different countries in several continents, and also create a model for the investment analysis in this entrepreneurial sector.
This paper is a comprehensive investigation of calendar anomalies in the Ukrainian stock market. It employs various statistical techniques (average analysis, Student's t-test, ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and regression analysis with dummy variables) and a trading simulation approach to test for the presence of the following anomalies: day-of-the-week effect; turn-of-the-month effect; turn-of-the-year effect; month-of-the-year effect; January effect; holiday effect; Halloween effect. The results suggest that in general calendar anomalies are not present in the Ukrainian stock market, but there are a few exceptions, i.e. the turn-of-the-year and Halloween effect for the PFTS index, and the month-of-the-year effect for UX futures. However, the trading simulation analysis shows that only trading strategies based on the turn-of-the-year effect for the PFTS index and the month-of-the-year effect for the UX futures can generate exploitable profit opportunities that can be interpreted as evidence against market efficiency.
A firm's capital structure decisions constitute an essential research topic academically and practically. In this study, the author uses the data of US listed firms to test the traditional trade-off theory of capital structure, which posits that firms should balance the benefit of tax shields and costs of financial distress to purse an optimal debt ratio. Therefore, to determine the complex relationship between firm value and debt ratio and avoid the problem of model misspecification, the author adopts the non-parametric fixed effect model and semi-parametric (partially linear) fixed effect model. Our empirical results reveal that a nonlinear and asymmetric relationship exists between firm value and market debt ratio, thus, considerably supporting trade-off theory. Moreover, the use of different definitions of key variables and various kernel functions engenders robust results. Overall, the author suggests that firm managers should employ financial leverages appropriately to maximize firm value.
The article studies the parameters of the accumulative pension system, particularly, the rate of contribution into the accumulative system, contribution period of the system's participants, the coefficient of replacement of the salary with pension after the retirement, the number of years of the future pension payments, alternatives of profitability of the funds accumulated by the system. The structure of the accumulative system is based on the methods and models of determining the parameters during the period of accumulation of resources after the retirement of the participant. The calculations are based on a variant basis. There are 6 interconnected parameters of the system's determination. The author has carried out formalization of determining the system's indicators and variant calculations. The most realistic for Ukraine is the introduction of accumulative system with the following parameters: contribution ‒ 14% of salary (or preferably of income); contribution period ‒ 35 years with the retirement of men at the age of 65 and women at the age of 60; the percentage of return on the savings ‒ 3%. That is, in this case, the accumulation system will provide a pension with the income-replacement ratio of 0.6 over 18.4 years.
The model can be used at the state level (when determining the rate of contribution into the accumulation system, the contribution period and the income-replacement ratio with the fixation of other parameters) and by the system's participants (when determining the number of years using the accumulated pension, the income-replacement ratio and monitoring one's own resources).
Islamic finance has faced a two-fold criticism from scholars; viz. constructive criticism and destructive criticism. Majority of the scholars criticize it with the intention to improve its overall development, but some scholars are more negative in their criticism. This paper proposes that Islamic banks (a component of Islamic finance) are not charitable institutions, but are the intermediary institutions that take care of investors' expectations to keep the time value and return to their investments intact with the market fluctuations. The purpose of this paper is to provide better insight about Islamic finance so as to further improve this industry to achieve its long term goals and serve the society better. The paper also attempts to answer some of the common allegations imposed by scholars towards Islamic finance.


The New York State Bird Conservation Area (BCA) Program, modeled after the National Audubon Society?s Important Bird Areas Program, is based on legislation signed by Governor Pataki in 1997. New York is the first state in the nation to enact such a program. The BCA Program seeks to provide a comprehensive, ecosystem approach to conserving birds and their habitats on state lands and waters, by integrating bird conservation interests in agency planning, management, and research projects, within the context of agency missions. Several state agencies and conservation organizations are involved in the BCA Program through representation on the Advisory Committee. Since 1998, 25 BCAs have been designated, totaling nearly 73,000 ha (more than 180,000 acres). These sites cover a diversity of habitats across the state, including wetlands along the Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and Long Island Sound; forests in Central New York and along the Hudson River where Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerula) nest; and high elevation forests in the Adirondack and Catskill Mountains that are home to Bicknell?s Thrush (Catharus bicknelli). The BCA program employs 4 full-time biologists who work with local site managers to complete management guidance summaries and plan research, management, and interpretive projects for the sites. Management, research, and interpretive projects initiated to date include kiosks and trailside panels containing interpretive materials; invasive plant management; surveys for marsh birds, Cerulean Warblers, and Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea); and a handicap accessible plank walkway and viewing platform. See http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dfwmr/wildlife/bca/ for more information.