text:
Cysticercosis of the Eye
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Original article contributed by:
Amritha Kanakamedala, Ashwini Kini, MD
All contributors:
Andrew Go Lee, MD, Bayan Al Othman, MD, Koushik Tripathy, MD (AIIMS), FRCS (Glasgow), Claudia Prospero Ponce, MD, Ashwini Kini, MD
Assigned editor:
Claudia Prospero Ponce, MD
Assigned status Update Pending
by Claudia Prospero Ponce, MD on April 11, 2021.
Contributing Editors:
[1]69.1
1 Disease Entity
1.1 Disease
1.1.1 Orbital/ocular cysticercosis
1.1.2 Anterior segment cysticercosis
1.1.3 Posterior segment cysticercosis
1.2 Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Transmission
2 Diagnosis
2.1 History
2.2 Symptoms
2.3 Physical examination
2.3.1 Visual Acuity
2.3.2 Pupils & Intraocular Pressure
2.3.3 External Evaluation
2.3.4 Slit lamp Examination
2.3.5 Fundoscopic Examination
2.4 Diagnostic Work-up
2.5 Differential diagnosis
3.1 Medical therapy
3.2 Surgery
3.3 Complications
3.4 Prognosis
3.5 Recommendations for travelers to endemic regions
Disease Entity
This article describes Neurocysticercosis and Ocular Cysticercosis.
Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval form of the cestode, Taenia solium (T. solium), also known as a pork tapeworm.[1]
Other parasites causing Taeniasis in human includes Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica, though Taenia solium is the major cause of human disease.
Cysticercosis affects various parts of the body. When it affects the central nervous system, it is called neurocysticercosis (NCC) and often leads to seizures and epilepsy.[2] In fact, NCC is the leading cause of adult onset epilepsy in the world.[1] In addition to NCC, ocular or orbital cysticercosis can also occur.[3]
Orbital/ocular cysticercosis
Orbital/ocular cysticercosis (OOC) is a preventable cause of blindness.[3] The larval form of T. solium that causes OOC is Cysticercus cellulosae.[3] The disease affects thousands of people in developing nations.
OOC can result in a number of manifestations depending on the location of the cysts. The ocular adnexa have been noted to be the most common site of disease in India.[4][5][6] Although OCC is less common in the Western world, the posterior segment of the eye is one of the most common sites of infection. Kruger-Leite et al reported that 35% of the cysts were found in the subretinal space, 22% in the vitreous, 22% in the subconjunctival space, 5% in the anterior segment, and only 1% in the orbit.[7]
When the extraocular muscles are involved, the superior rectus is the most common.[8] The cyst may reach the subconjunctival space from the adjacent muscles.
Anterior segment cysticercosis
Anterior segment cysticercosis is very rare. The route of entry of the cyst into the anterior chamber is debated, but one theory is that it enters via the anterior chamber angle.[4]
Posterior segment cysticercosis
Within the posterior segment, cysts can occur in the retinal, subretinal, or vitreal space. Inferotemporal subretinal cysts are the most common in the posterior segment.[9] It is hypothesized that the parasite travels to the posterior segment via the short ciliary arteries.[3] It is very uncommon for the optic nerve to be involved.[10]
Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Transmission
As noted above, cysticercosis is caused by the cestode Taenia solium. Infection of this parasitic occurs when humans ingest the eggs of the cestode through three possible sources:
Contaminated food and water infested with the eggs (hetero-infection),
Auto-infection by ingesting the ova of the existing parasite
Retrograde peristalsis causing the transport of mature proglottids bearing eggs from bowel to stomach (internal auto-infection).[3]
Humans are usually the definitive host, while pigs are the intermediate host and harbor the cestode in their intestines. However, cysticercosis occurs when humans accidentally become the intermediate host. Thus, humans can be both definitive or intermediate host.
After humans ingest the eggs, the eggs lose their protective capsule secondary to exposure to gastric acid. The eggs mature into larvae which migrate in the bloodstream and eventually penetrate tissues such as the brain, eye, and striated muscle.[11]
NCC and OOC are endemic in areas of poor sanitation, such as Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Latin America, and Africa.[11] The World Health Organization (WHO) has deemed NCC a major public health concern and a cause of epilepsy.[12] The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has named NCC a Neglected Parasitic Infection.[1] NCC has less commonly been found in the Western world. Most people in the United States (US) who are infected with the parasite emigrated from Latin America. Due to the increase in immigrants from Latin America, the number of cases of Cysticercosis in the US is rising. There are about 1000 new hospitalizations for NCC in the US yearly.[1] In fact, 10 percent of emergency room visits for seizures in the Southwestern US are from Cysticercosis.[13] OCC accounts for 75-85% of cases of Cysticercosis in the world.[14]
History may include the patient or patient' family member traveling to or residing in an endemic country for cysticercosis. Depending on the location of the cyst, the symptoms vary which include poor vision, redness of the eye/s, ocular pain, swelling, and reduced ocular movements.
Decreased vision
Periocular swelling
Lid edema
Proptosis
Extraocular movement restriction
If the CNS is involved from NCC:
Seizures or epilepsy
Strokes from cerebral infarcts
Dementia or neuropsychiatric dysfunction
An 8-point eye exam should be performed in every patient presenting for ophthalmological evaluation. Physical exam findings will vary depending on cyst location. Notable findings from the 8-point eye exam may include:
Visual Acuity
Visual acuity may or may not be decreased. Severity will vary depending on cyst location and level of inflammatory response.
Pupils & Intraocular Pressure
If the cyst is located in the anterior chamber, pupillary block may occur, leading to glaucoma.[15]
The conjunctiva and sclera may appear red. If the cyst is located in the subconjunctival space, a bulging red or yellow nodular mass may be seen. In orbital cysticercosis, patients may present with proptosis, lid swelling, and ophthalmoplegia . The cyst could also lodge in any of the extraocular muscles, usually the superior rectus.
Slit lamp Examination
If the parasite is still alive, the cyst measures between 1.5 and 6 disc diameters and might undulate under the examining light.[16]
Fundoscopic Examination
The cyst could be present in the vitreous, or may be intra or subretinal. It is believed that the cyst reaches the vitreous cavity from the choroidal circulation and migrates transretinally. As the organism moves in the retina it can cause exudative or rhegmatogeous retinal detachment. Though optic nerve involvement is rare, the nerve can be compressed by the cyst, leading to optic disc edema seen on fundocsopy.[10]
For patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of brain involvement, a full neurological exam should be performed. Exam findings may include cognitive decline, papilledema, cranial neuropathy, symptoms/signs of stroke (e.g., dysarthria, hemisensory loss, hemiplegia, movement disorders, gait disturbances), or meningeal signs from increased intracranial pressure.[17]
Diagnostic Work-up
Clinical, serological, and radiological examinations are needed to diagnose NCC or OCC.
Laboratory evaluations include CBC, demonstrating leukocytosis with eosinophilia.[18] For patients presenting with new-onset seizure from NCC, imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis should be performed. Serologic tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be performed. Studies would reveal antibodies against excretory secretory antigens (IgG). However, serologic studies have been found to have low sensitivity in diagnosing cysticercosis.[19]
Imaging studies, such as B-scan ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are most helpful in providing a definitive diagnosis. Ultrasonographic findings will reveal a well-defined cyst in the orbit with a hyperechoic scolex.[20] Ultrasound is not only useful for diagnosis of the disease, but also for monitoring of treatment. CT scan will reveal a hypoechoic mass with central hyper-density and adjacent soft tissue inflammation. The central hyper-density, the scolex, may not be identifiable if the cyst is dead and there is surrounding edema.[11] MRI will reveal a hypo-intense cystic lesion and hyper-intense scolex. The inflammation caused by the cyst degeneration leads to enhancement on CT and MRI.[2]
Findings on CT would be similar for NCC. Lesions are hypodense and non-enhancing. If the parasite has died, parenchymal calcifications are noted. However, MRI is most helpful for evaluation of NCC. [17]
Brain biopsies are only rarely performed in NCC.[17] Excisional biopsy could be performed to rule out NCC in cases of subconjunctival cysts.[3]
Differential diagnosis of Orbital Cysticercosis includes orbital idiopathic myositis, lesions causing compressive optic neuropathy, such as tumors and metastases, muscle abscesses, and hematomas. Other parasitic infections should also be included in the differential, such as hydatid cysts.[3]
The differential diagnosis for NCC includes CNS lesions such as abscesses and tumors.[17]
Medical therapy
Four weeks of oral albendazole (15 mg/kg) and oral steroids (1.5 mg/kg) in a tapered dose are the recommended treatment for both NCC and orbital cysticercosis.[16] Albendazole has been proven to be superior to praziquantel, especially for giant subarachnoid cysts.[21] If no scolex is visualized or if the ELISA is negative, steroids are the recommended oral treatment. In cases of recurrence, repeat oral albendazole and oral steroids are recommended.[3] Steroids are necessary concomitant therapy due to the inflammatory response that will ensue with anti-parasitic infection.[3]
Surgery is recommended in cysts involving the subconjuctiva or eyelid.[3]
A cyst that is in the vitreous can incite a severe inflammatory response when it dies (after treatment) due to release of intracystic contents that can cause severe vitritis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, glaucoma, and cataract. Severe inflammatory responses may result in a pthisical eye. For the same reasons, laser photocoagulation of the intravitreal or subretinal cyst is not recommended due to risk of severe inflammatory response. When subretinal or vitreal cysts are found vitrectomy could be considered before medical therapy.[3] If the cyst is found in the anterior segment, paracentesis or extraction with capsule forceps could be performed.[22] For patients with hydrocephalus from NCC, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt could be placed followed by surgical extirpation of the cyst and medical treatment.[23] Corticosteroids could be prescribed before and after surgery to target the inflammatory response that occurs.[3]
The inflammatory response incited as a result of the parasite can lead to a number of complications. If the cyst is located in the posterior segment, complications such as retinal detachment, retinal hemorrhages, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and secondary glaucoma can ensue.[3]
Prognosis is best for patients who seek treatment early and whose imaging studies normalize after initial infection. Adults and children who develop seizures from NCC often have seizure recurrence rates of 49% at 4 years and 68% after 6 years.[24]
Recommendations for travelers to endemic regions
The primary means of transmission of NCC/OOC to travelers to endemic regions is by ingesting the eggs of the cestode in contaminated water or food. Thus, avoiding uncooked pork is only one means of prevention of exposure. Even strict vegan or vegetarian travelers are at risk for exposure. It is important that only freshly boiled or bottled water is consumed to avoid ingestion of potential parasites and bacteria in endemic areas. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the following for travelers to endemic countries: wash hands with soap and water (and not just hand sanitizers) after using the toilet, changing diapers or handling food; washing in safe water and peeling all vegetables and fruits before consumption; eating fully cooked meals; using only bottled or boiled drinking water; and preferentially avoiding uncooked (e.g., salads) or undercooked foods.
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Center for Disease Control. Neglected Parasitic infections in the United States: Neurocysticercosis. CDC Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria.
↑ 2.0 2.1 DeGiorgio CM, Medina MT, Durón R, Zee C, Escueta SP. Neurocysticercosis. Epilepsy Curr. 2004;4(3):107–111. doi:10.1111/j.1535-7597.2004.43008.x
↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3 Dhiman R, Devi S, Duraipandi K, et al. Cysticercosis of the eye. Int J Ophthalmol. 2017;10(8):1319–1324. Published 2017 Aug 18. doi:10.18240/ijo.2017.08.21
↑ 4.0 4.1 Sekhar GC, Lemke BN. Orbital cysticercosis. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:1599–1602.
↑ Malik SR, Gupta AK, Choudhry S. Ocular cysticercosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1968;66(6):1168–1171.
↑ Reddy PS, Satyendran OM. Ocular cysticercosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1964;57:664–666.
↑ Kruger-Leite E, Jalkh AE, Quiroz H, Schepens CL. Intraocular cysticercosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985;99(3):252–257.
↑ Rath S, Honavar SG, Naik M, Anand R, Agarwal B, Krishnaiah S, Sekhar GC. Orbital cysticercosis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and outcome. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(3):600–605.
↑ Gemolotto G. A contribution to surgical treatment of intraocular cysticercosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1955;59:365–368.
↑ 10.0 10.1 Goyal JL, Das S, Kumar S, Chauhan D, Baheti U, Sangit V. Retrobulbar cysticercosis masquerading as optic nerve glioma. Orbit. 2007;26(1):61–63.
↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Pushker N, Bajaj MS, Betharia SM. Orbital and adnexal cysticercosis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2002;30(5):322–333.
↑ World Health Organization Control of neurocysticercosis, Report by Secretariat, 55th World Health Assembly Provisional agenda item 13.18 A55/23, 5 April 2002.
↑ Ong S, Talan D, Moran G, Mower W, Newdow M, Tsang VCT, Pinner RW. the Emergencyt IDNET Study Group. Neurocysticercosis in radiographically imaged seizure patients in U.S. emergency departments. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:608–613.
↑ Auzemery, A., Andriantsimahavandy, A., Esterre, P., Bouat, C., Boitte, J.P. and Huguet, P. Ocular cysticercosis. Medecine tropicale: revue du Corps de sante colonial.1995;55 (4 Pt 2):429-433.
↑ Chandra A, Singh MK, Singh VP, et al. A live cysticercosis in anterior chamber leading to glaucoma secondary to pupilary block. J Glaucoma. 2007 Mar. 16(2):271-3.
↑ 16.0 16.1 Deschenes J. Ocular Cysticercosis. Medscape. 2019.
↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Zafar, MJ. Neurocysticercosis: Clinical Presentation. Medscape. 2019
↑ Murthy GR, Rao AV. Sub-conjunctival cysticercosis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1980;28(2):77–78.
↑ Wadhwa V, Kharbanda P, Rai S. How reliable are serological tests in diagnosis of cysticercosis? Indian J Med Microbiol. 2006;24(1):78–79.
↑ Honavar SG, Sekhar CG. Ultrasonological characteristics of extraocular cysticercosis. Orbit. 1998;17(4):271–284.
↑ Proano JV, Madrazo I, Avelar F, Lopez-Felix B, Diaz G, Grijalva I. Medical treatment for neurocysticercosis characterized by giant subarachnoid cysts. N Engl J Med. 2001 Sep 20. 345(12):879-85.
↑ Beri S, Vajpayee RB, Dhingra N, Ghose S. Managing anterior chamber cysticercosis by viscoexpression: a new surgical technique. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112(10):1279–1280.
↑ Rangel-Castilla L, Serpa JA, Gopinath SP, Graviss EA, Diaz-Marchan P, White AC Jr. Contemporary neurosurgical approaches to neurocysticercosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Mar. 80(3):373-8.
↑ Carpio A, Hauser A. Prognosis for seizure recurrence in patients with newly diagnosed neurocysticercosis. Neurology. 2002;59:1730–1734.
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is Associated Professor, habil. dr., at the Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management, Nicholas Copernicus University, Torun, Poland. His scientific research area is industrial and innovative policy and processes. Professor Popławski has published more than 100 articles and conference presentations on the issues of structural changes in Polish and European industry, innovative processes in terms of technology and management context. He is Member of University Board, also Member of Academic Board of Brno International Business School and International Management Institute, Weggis, Switzerland. He is the author of nine textbooks on industrial economics and policy.


If you live in Toronto, you have to really want dim sum to drive 40 minutes to get some. And it better be good. We've got Chinatowns galore in this city and it seems crazy to make the trek to Mississauga for the sake of a dumpling.
But today, my posse and I would not settle for less. So we drove west, far west, to Hurontario Street to the Emerald Chinese Restaurant (30 Eglinton Ave. W; 905-890-9338) where they wrap up their tall boulevard trees so strangely, they look like they belong on the storybook pages of Dr. Seuss. We were ready for anything and everything.
Emerald seats 400; serves dim sum daily; the selection is vast; and the prices are reasonable — if not astounding. Unlike most Chinese establishments, they even accept credit cards. There's just one problem: weekends attract so many devotees to this har gau mecca that they hand out numbers and use a loudspeaker to manage the sorry (but eager) waiting sardines knocking elbows in the foyer.
We'd seen what an impenetrable front foyer dozens deep could look like last February on a long weekend. We'd asked friends Allan and Nora to meet us there, but for naught. Happily, our second try (on a weekday at the safe hour of 11 a.m.) proved lineup-free.
Dim sum is not for the feeble in food spirit. It's a risk taking adventure where you point at what looks good and pray to the food gods that you strike something tasty.
Emerald serves up classic Cantonese dim sum and as such, must be judged by the two holy standards of the cuisine: har gau and siu mai. Whole, juicy shrimps bathed in a little sesame oil made the har gau worth pointing for, but the siu mai were sadly monotonous, filled with an overly ground pork that called out for the addition of ginger and textural crunch.
Plenty of crunch could be found elsewhere. Carts piled high with deep-fried specialties passed by often. We sampled spring rolls, bulbous shrimp wontons, and scallop and shrimp combo-acts that were crisp, hot and fresh out of the deep-fryer. Two, pudgy crab claws with moist, sweet interiors arrived with a pink-tinged sauce labelled "red vinegar" by the cart-pusher. Within its rosy depths, super taster Nora detected hints of cinnamon, star anise and white pepper and proclaimed it just the right dip for those claws. Regrettably, dips and sauces are not Emerald's forte. Their hot sauce is a pallid affair with imperceptible Scoville heat units and I take offence to mayonnaise offered as an accompaniment to deep-fried fare (Belgians, I know, wouldn't).
But, in the spirit of yin/yang, where there is weakness there will always be strength. And if the dips did not impress, the braised and steamed dishes surpassed expectations. Such as their steamed scallops (sweet, soft and pungent) that slipped off our chopsticks and back into the luscious bed of sautéed water spinach (called empty-hearted veggie in Chinese for their hollow stalks). Also yum (if not challenging) were the chicken feet: deep-fried then red-braised offering a mouthful of little bones, but deep chicken flavour in return.
We ordered two types of sticky rice. One was hidden under a glass bowl, an upside down affair. The server flipped the bowl and poured soy sauce on to the mound of rice (see what I mean by lackluster dipping sauces?) But still, the rice was flecked with tiny morsels of barbecued pork, sweet Chinese sausage and dried shrimp. The posse liked this, but my favourite was a parcel of sticky rice wrapped inside a lotus leaf, for the rice was plump and soft, flecked with pork of all manner, some of it jellied.
For Krystal, dim sum dining is not complete without pot-stickers and it helps when you can ask the server where the heck they are. (Pssst, they're called guo tie and good luck pronouncing that, let alone getting the tones right.) My tones were wrong but my smile was wide. Somehow three plates of pot-stickers landed on our table just before our departure. They were worth the wait. These hulking beauties were full of meaty morsels flecked with Chinese garlic chives, their bottoms nicely caramelized and addictive.
We took home a box and lovingly dipped them into a northern-style hot sauce (la jiang) that befitted their splendour.
This entry was posted in Cantonese cuisine, Chinatown, Chinese snacks, Dim sum, Restaurant reviews, Toronto food finds and tagged chicken feet, crab claws, Emerald Restaurant, har gau, Mississauga, shrimp wontons, Siu mai, steamed scallops. Bookmark the permalink.
sounds completely yummy. gotta go there sometime.
Just fly a few thousand miles and you'll be there!
Your review has made me very hungry! Should we venture west, we will surely give this place a try.
I know you and I both like Pearl Court on Gerrard but this place is 10 times bigger and the selection is vast. In fact, the selection is BEST on weekends.
but do they use msg?
I know of only one msg less restaurant in toronto and that's lee gardens on spadina near dundas. I spoke to some experts from china and they were dismissive of toronto cuisine because of all the msg. any input?
I think they use msg. I am not sensitive to msg and have eaten so much of it in Asia that I don't think to ask whether or not they use it. However, two members of my dim sum posse em'ed me after the meal saying they thot the meal was high in msg.
Some Chinese consider the use of MSG to be the MacDonaldization of their food. It used to be marriages of ingredients, blends, sauces were tasty due to preparation and freshness. Now it's kicked up a notch to quote Emeril without any intermediate steps.
It would be great to know what others dont use MSG – maybe I am just being hopeful but surely there is more than one chinese restaurant that has stopped using it?
In the meantime and absent the list, I just need to remember to drink alot more tea, water and beer!


The Wilf Family Foundation led by Zygi, Mark, and Lenny Wilf donated $1 million dollars to the HOF in Canton, Ohio. The money will help build a new 'Founders Exhibit' at the hall which will be about....you guessed it...NFL owners and "the impact these men and women have had on the growth of the league and the effect on communities across the country."
14 Minnesota Vikings are permanently honored in the Hall of Fame, the latest being Superfreak Randy Moss.


Inspired by those awesome Moroccan cutout lanterns, I made a set of three laser cut candle holders, perfect for small votive candles or tea lights. All the laser cutting for the project was done at TechShop SF.
I modeled the candle holders in AutoCAD by drawing two boxes and subtracting the inner volume from the outer box. I exported this shape from AutoCAD as a single stl file. I've attached the dwg and stl files below, the candle holder measures 3"x3" and 4" tall.
I imported the stl file into 123D Make, a free app that lets you prepare your 3d files for laser cutting. I'm using a new preview version of 123D Make that is not available to the public yet, so I had a lot of control over the type of joints to use for my candle holders. The public version of 123D Make will be getting regular updates in the coming moths, so hopefully you will be able to use these features soon too!
In 123D Make, I set the joint type to finger joint with 11 fingers for each joint. I specified the dimensions of my material and 123D Make created 2D vector files with the correct finger size and fit them onto sheets for laser cutting.
I imported the eps files from 123D Make into Corel Draw and drew in some patterns on the four walls of the candle holders. I made the cut-outs fairly detailed, I'm hoping they will cast some interesting shadows. The image above shows the final file I sent to the laser cutter (I've also attached this below).
I cut out my parts out of 1/4" (0.24" to be specific) plywood on an Epilog120 laser cutter at TechShop SF. If you do not have access to a laser cutter, consider using an online fabrication service like Ponoko.
I glued the pieces of the three candle holders together with wood glue. I bought three small votive candles from a local Walgreens, lit them and carefully placed them in the holders... and that's it! Please, remember that wood (especially laser cut wood) is flammable. If you decide to make something like this, never leave the flame unattended.
Hot Pop Factory made it!
These are beautiful. I'm going to make these as my first laser cutter project this afternoon. Thanks so much for the great tutorial. Cheers.
Can you please post as DXF?
wow amazing! We will post laser cut lanterns out of paper on our page soon!
Hi there... that's an amazing project. however which wood is this?
What was the setting for your laser? power and speed?
It's beautiful, can't wait to make one.
Thanks for the reply! Project currently in process!
Great design! By chance, do you have this in a downloadable dxf file?
sorry, I was using corel at the time. You can save the cdr as an ai file using corel and from there I think you can save a dxf in illustrator. sorry about that!
I am also making lanterns and hope someone can make a recommendation for a non toxic ply wood that wouldn't off-gas when exposed to the heat of the candle flame?
Love this design. I added just a standard tea-candle sized hole to the bottom of the candle holder, so that the candle can be lit first and the decorative holder placed on top after.
I would like to customize one with my company and put on my website, also mentioning your name and link to your web.


Features: These iron slide lock clasps with special shapes are very funny and attractive The lightweight clasps can be used for making necklaces, bracelets and so on. Specification: Material:Iron Color:Platinum Size: about 5.5mm long, 20mm wide, 4mm thick, hole: 1mm; 3.2mm inner diameter. Priced per 1000pcs Note: Please feel free to contact us if there is any quality problem. Due to lighting effects, monitor's brightness / contrast settings there could be some slight differences in the color tone of the pictures and the actual item. Product in the picture may look larger than the actual, Please pay attention to sizes.


The C-HR in Toyota's new stylish coupe stands for Coupe-High Rider and with this crossover, you'll be the talk of other drivers as you pass by them on the road. With a well-made interior mixed with some pretty nifty designs, you'll love how it feels to be behind the wheel of a new Toyota C-HR. Swing by our dealership today and we'll walk you through all benefits of being an owner of this new Toyota coupe.
As with any other vehicle on the road, the adventure of buying a new car starts with what you can discover under the hood. The Toyota C-HR is built with a 2.0-liter engine that outputs 144 horsepower and 139 pounds per feet of torque. It's controlled by a continuously variable transmission and all models are equipped with front-wheel drive.
When you buy a coupe, size isn't something you should have to compromise. Up to five passengers are able to sit cozy next to each other and the interior affords up to 83.8 cubic feet of space. If you're looking to utilize the trunk space, the back seats can fold down to manage up to 36.4 cubic feet of cargo space. Even with passengers, the trunk manages a roomy 19.0 cubic feet for their items.
When you want to listen to your favorite music, the Toyota C-HR is equipped with an Entune™ 3.0 Audio system on an eight-inch touchscreen. The capability for hands-free technology is standard including Siri® Eyes Free and hands-free phone usage. All models include features like dual-zone automatic climate control system and an auto-dimming rearview mirror.
All these features combine to help navigate traffic throughout California and may even prevent accidents.
If you want to test out all these features that make up a new Toyota C-HR, contact us today and we'll get you behind the wheel for a test drive.


text:
Geoff Cox's DVDs: Sabotage, Pompeii, The Two Faces Of January, Vamps
Arnie Schwarzenegger's undemanding style of acting continues to do exactly what it says on the tin.
Friday, 5th September 2014, 9:00 am
Arnold Schwarzenegger in Sabotage
But rarely has the 67-year-old action hero been surrounded by so many stereotypes as in SABOTAGE (15: Lionsgate).
In this gory, convoluted shoot-'em-up, Schwarzenegger is the leader of a renegade squad of drug enforcement agents who secretly keep millions of dollars they found during a raid.
They find themselves in a bloody battle with the cartel they were tasked to bring down and as double-crosses come to light, memb ers of the team are targeted one by one, each killing more grisly than the next.
Director David Ayer wrote the script for Oscar-winning Training Day and asked weighty moral questions, but his focus here is firmly on blood splatter and broken bones. Only Olivia Williams' sharp-tongued investigator makes any lasting impression in the by-the-numbers ensemble cast.
> Everything about sword-and-sandal spectacular POMPEII (12: Entertainment One) is off-kilter, from the laughable dialogue and predictable romance to the ludicrous carnage and cheesy acting.
Where did Kiefer Sutherland get that British accent as corrupt Roman senator Corvus, who arrives in Pompeii to invest in plans by Severus (Jared Harris) to modernise the city, but mainly to nab his daughter (Emily Browning) as his wife?
But she's smitten by horse-whispering slave-turned-gladiator Milo (Kit Harington).
This turgid soap in togas is set in 79AD and Mount Vesuvius is about the erupt, and when the volcanic fire and brimstone explodes, the lava flows and the CGI catastrophe runs rampant.
The thrilling epic destruction you've waited an hour to witness comes complete with tsunami. Absolute nonsense, yet mildly entertaining.
> Atmospheric 1960s-set thriller THE TWO FACES OF JANUARY (12: Studio Canal) is based on Patricia Highsmith's novel. While it shares plenty with the author's The Talented Mr Ripley – sun, superb scenery and sexual tension – it's also an intelligent and well-crafted gem in its own right.
Viggo Mortensen is cast as an American conman on the run, who arrives in Athens with his wife (Kirsten Dunst).
When he accidentally kills the private detective on his case, he persuades their scam-artist tour guide to help move the body and the trio enter a high-stakes game with the authorities and one another as they attempt to cover up the crime and flee the country.
The Greek and Turkish locations are terrific and the performances all top-notch, with the unfolding plot full of intrigue as suspense builds.
> Supernatural comedy VAMPS (15: Metrodome) lacks the same bite that Clueless had nearly 20 years ago despite director Amy Heckerling and star Alicia Silverstone being reunited. The film has some perky performances and winning gags, but fails to recapture the old magic.
Best friends Goody (Silverstone) and Stacy (Krysten Ritter), regulars on the Manhattan social scene, have a deadly secret. They're reluctant vampires trying to maintain normal, human lives.
The undead duo's cover story is placed in jeopardy when Stacy falls for a handsome classmate whose father is a notorious vampire slayer.
In the era of True Blood, the gentle quirkiness feels too tame to make a lasting impression.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This water based clear urethane glue works and looks like epoxy but without the mixing or smell. Great for coating eyes, heads and wing cases.
Can be thinned down with water for a more penetrating thin formula.


As part of our ongoing focus on selfie photos, PicMonkey hired an outside polling agency to ask American adults for the straight dope: who's taking them, who's sharing them, and what happens when they do. The results are kinda juicy, folks. We made an infographic so you can take it all in, visuographically!
And as ever, rock on with your selfie-taking self. Ie.
Selfies can define relationships, tell stories, and be plain fun. So go ahead. Snap that selfie.


Sam Underwood was awarded Best Actor at The 8th SOHO International Film Festival this weekend, for his role of Hamlet in Ophelia. Ophelia was also nominated for Best Showcase Short Film.
We had such a great time at the SOHO Film Festival and watched some great films from some and talented emerging filmmakers. This being our premiere we're very excited to see where else Ophelia will take us.


Discovering what a brewery's culture is and who the consumer of a brewery's product is helps a lot in determining market expansion structure.
For Devils Backbone CEO Hayes Humphreys, building strong brand recognition along with having a similar culture is what he and his team look at while slowly growing the Virginia brewery's brand.
Taking the cue from veteran breweries that pick and choose carefully with what territories to enter, Devils Backbone, which began in 2008 is currently in five states (Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina and Maryland) and Washington DC completely, while it "dipped its toes" into Delaware and Pennsylvania earlier this summer after doing its first major expansion of territories in 2015.
Cincinnati's Rhinegeist Brewery has taken a similar approach since opening in 2013 and is in the process of expanding beyond Ohio. The slow and steady thought process saw the brewery go from the Cincinnati area into larger pockets of the state first. The next step is following its cider line to Massachusetts. Yet co-founder Bryant Goulding equated the deliberate decision making to choosing a bride.
Slow growth and development of the markets a brewery is already in can be key when it comes to future expansion. Expansions because of growth, Humphreys explained is more justifiable than growth for expansion.
He said he feels the days where a brewery can ship pallets here and there are gone. With shelf space and distributor awareness means a tighter market for recognition.
Humphreys said he thinks that rate of sales in a market will trump other competitors that may have more on the shelf.
That makes it imperative during a self reflection of a brewery, the markets it is in needs to be functioning properly, otherwise growth in territory can happen while a brewery actually will suffer and lose placement in the market because lack of sales volume.
For Rhinegeist, Goulding noted with his connections on the West Coast from his days of working at Anderson Valley, he could pick up a phone and set up new market rollouts for the brewery.
It has the capacity, he said, to accommodate a move as such, but it's not the right move.
"Making sure our beer is treated right and stays fresh in the market is critical to our brand in the long run," he said. "While you can sell more fast, the goal is to make the best beer possible and to build the brand in the long run and that takes restraint.
Goulding touched on the aspects that Rhinegeist took when it expanded into the Cleveland area in the summer of 2016. Finding what drives the market first was key, he said. Knowing his brand's potential in chains and which on-premise drivers would work.
Those buyers were great research to find out what wholesalers worked and which didn't. Goulding said questions were asked about culture, professionalism and what frustrations buyers had.
Looking at a wholesaler's portfolio also was a decision driver.
"If there is one with 10 or one with 20, I like the 10 because everyone gets 10-15 minutes with a buyer and if you have four or five things to pitch, with too many in a portfolio it's hard to stay as one of the topics," he noted. "That's on us to get that word our also.
Goulding added it's a feel thing for a brewery sometimes in choosing who to pick as a representative in the new market.
"How clean is the warehouse? How happy are the team members," he asked about what some intangibles are. "Are they distracted or laid back? Is the workforce young and hungry or old…or is there a balance? Where is the power in the organization? Does the warehouse have case minimum drops that are going to slow down onesies, twosies sales in awesome little craft accounts?
The three ideals that Devils Backbone works on in terms of researching market expansion is keeping a continuous market connected from its home of Virginia, working toward being a regional player and finding new ways to leverage relationships with current beer buyers in existing markets.
Humphreys said that its search took a year before expanding in 2015 to move into North Carolina, Tennessee and West Virginia.
Having places that already carry the brand and have shown commitment to the product can be a key as well.


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Ángel de Brito made a spicy "before and after" of LAM: "This is how we start, bye 2022"
The closing of 2022 and the beginning of 2023 have arrived, the stage in which you look back and analyze everything that happened and be the one that looks forward to plan everything that will come.
Such was the case with brito angelthe driver of THE Mwho made a sharp and spicy post on his Instagram account in which he showed the initial photo of the program and compared it with the photo at the end of the year.
Ángel showed himself in different photos with his Little Angels, but obviously, many things happened in 12 months, which is why there are faces that are not repeated from that first postcard, which the driver brought to the present today.
Post by Ángel de Brito, from LAM's start of the year.
For example, in that first batch of photos are Nazarena Vélez, Yanina Latorre, Andrea Taboada, Ana Rosenfeld, Pía Shaw and Estefanía Berardi. "This is how we start the year," he wrote De Brito in the middle of the two photos.
Then in the second batch of photos, same post style, De Brito He wrote: "Bye LAM 2022". In the photo there is a great absence: Ana Rosenfeld, who had a fierce confrontation with Yanina Latorre.
As for the faces that joined, there is that of Marixa Balli, who is very smiling in the two photos. She does not appear in either of the two publications of brito angelbut who was on the program for a good part of the year was Daniela Cardone.
Post by Ángel de Brito, from LAM's end of the year.
Another of the Angelitas that appears only in the second post is Fernanda Iglesias, but with one caveat: if this publication were repeated at the beginning of 2023, it will not be present, since it has been announced that it will go to live in Spain.
Likewise, another of the panelists who would not be in a possible photo at the beginning of 2023 will be Pía Shaw, who will also leave the cycle led by brito angel by own decision.
Ángel de Brito crossed a spicy claim to Dalma Maradona for her new pregnancy
Ángel de Brito surprised everyone with the announcement of his fifth little angel
Ángel de Brito surprised everyone with the name of his fifth little angel
As a little angel, Demi Rose leaves curvy in the air with a spicy look
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