text:
Most Israelis oppose a Netanyahu-led unity government – poll
A divided Israel looks set to produce another stalemate on September 17, with latest survey suggesting neither right nor left will be happy with coalition prospects
By TOI staff	5 August 2019, 9:41 am Edit
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu speaks at a conference hosted by the Israel Hayom newspaper in Jerusalem's Old City on June 27, 2019. (Aharon Krohn/Flash90)
A majority of the Israeli public opposes a unity government led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu that brings together the ruling Likud party and its centrist competitor Blue and White, a poll for the Walla news site has found.
The opposition spans the political spectrum. Overall, 34 percent of Israeli prospective voters say they support the idea, while 52% oppose it, and 14% don't know their preference, the survey found. Support rises slightly among self-described right-wingers — possibly because Netanyahu would lead the government in this scenario — to 37% support and 48% opposition, while 15% don't know.
Among center-left voters, who are Blue and White's base, support and opposition to the idea both increase — 38% support, 55% oppose and just 7% don't know.
A month and a half before the September 17 election, speculation is rife that a unity government could be the only viable result of the race. In most major polls, Likud does not appear to have a Knesset majority with just right-wing and Haredi parties after the dramatic falling out in May between Likud and Avigdor Liberman's Russian-speaking Yisrael Beytenu party.
Similarly, Blue and White looks to be unable to cobble together a coalition with parties to its left, and, without Likud, would need to build a government leaning on mutually antagonistic secularists and Haredi factions — a similarly unlikely prospect.
Blue and White leader Benny Gantz speaks to reporters at the Knesset as his party submits its electoral slate to the Central Elections Committee on August 1, 2019. (Flash90)
The poll by the Walla news site only asked about a possible Netanyahu-led unity government. Blue and White's Benny Gantz has vowed not to sit in a government led by Netanyahu, while Liberman has called for Netanyahu to be replaced as Likud chairman by another figure in the ruling party so as to enable a national unity coalition.
The poll, conducted by the Midgam firm, suggests that a Netanyahu-led unity government would fail to satisfy elements on either side of the aisle, with the center-left likely unhappy that Netanyahu remains premier and significant parts of the right possibly unhappy that Blue and White gets a seat at the decision-making table.
The poll asked respondents whom they plan to vote for, and delivered figures that, as with other recent polls, suggest the only way forward will be a unity coalition: Likud at 31 Knesset seats, Blue and White 29, the Arab Joint List 11, the United Right 11, Yisrael Beytenu 10, United Torah Judaism eight, Shas seven, the Democratic Camp seven, and Labor-Gesher six.
Far-right factions Otzma Yehudit and Zehut failed to pass the 3.25% threshold of votes to enter the Knesset.
If those are the figures delivered by voters on election day, the Likud-led right (Likud, United Right, UTJ and Shas) will come to just 57 seats, four short of a majority in the 120-seat Knesset without Liberman, who has vowed to force a unity government on a frustrated Netanyahu.
Yisrael Beytenu leader Avigdor Liberman in Tel Aviv, July 30, 2019. (Tomer Neuberg/Flash90)
Blue and White fares worse, with a left-leaning coalition alone (Blue and White, Democratic Camp and Labor-Gesher) amounting to just 42 seats. Even with Yisrael Beytenu, a purely center-left coalition can't cobble together a majority.
The poll also asked Israelis who they believe is a more "fitting" candidate for prime minister, Likud's Netanyahu or Blue and White's Benny Gantz.
Netanyahu, as always, is in the lead with 43%; Gantz wins 30%. Not surprisingly, among right-wing voters Netanyahu beats Gantz 65%-14%, and among center-left voters Gantz beats Netanyahu 59%-9%.
The poll was conducted online among a representative cross-section of the Jewish and Arab population, with 503 respondents and a 4.4-point margin of error.
Likud party
Blue and White party
Avigdor Liberman
Yisrael Beytenu party
coalition negotiations
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Hans-Werner Sinn (* 7. März 1948 in Brake bei Bielefeld) ist ein deutscher Wirtschaftswissenschaftler. Er ist emeritierter Hochschullehrer an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München und war von 1999 bis 2016 Präsident des ifo Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung. In seinem wissenschaftlichen Werk widmet er sich u. a. der Theorie der Entscheidungen bei Ungewissheit, der Lehre der Neoklassik, der deutschen Wiedervereinigung, dem Systemwettbewerb, dem Euro, dem Klimawandel sowie den wirtschaftspolitischen Entscheidungen in einer Vielzahl von Beiträgen.

Leben
Sinn wurde 1948 in eine der SPD nahestehende Arbeiterfamilie geboren; sein Vater war Taxifahrer und SPD-Mitglied. Ein Großvater Sinns war als Sozialdemokrat von den Nationalsozialisten verfolgt worden und ist in einem Konzentrationslager gestorben. Als Kind war Sinn Mitglied bei den Falken, außerdem einige Jahre bis ca. 1970 Mitglied der SPD. Sinn besuchte das Helmholtz-Gymnasium in Bielefeld, an dem er 1967 das Abitur absolvierte.

Nach dem Studium der Volkswirtschaftslehre an der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster von 1967 bis 1972 wechselte Sinn an die Universität Mannheim, an der er 1978 promovierte und 1983 habilitiert wurde.

Von Juli 1984 bis Februar 1994 war Sinn Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Volkswirtschaftslehre, insbesondere Versicherungswissenschaft, an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Danach wechselte er auf den Lehrstuhl für Nationalökonomie und Finanzwissenschaft, auf dem er bis zu seiner Emeritierung im Jahr 2016 das finanzwissenschaftliche Curriculum unterrichtete. Zu den bei Hans-Werner Sinn promovierenden Schülern gehören u. a. die Ökonomen Kai A. Konrad und Marcel Thum.

Er war zweimal je ein Jahr als Gastprofessor an der University of Western Ontario in Kanada, als Gastprofessor an der London School of Economics sowie an den Universitäten Bergen, Stanford, Princeton und Jerusalem tätig. Er hielt als bislang einziger Deutscher Yrjö Jahnsson Lectures in Helsinki und Tinbergen Lectures in Amsterdam. Seit 1988 ist Sinn zudem Honorarprofessor an der Universität Wien.

Von 1997 bis 2000 war er Vorsitzender des Vereins für Socialpolitik, des Fachverbandes der deutschsprachigen Ökonomen, den er grundlegend reformierte. Sinn hat sich in besonderer Weise um die Internationalisierung der Volkswirtschaftslehre der deutschsprachigen Länder eingesetzt. Er gründete in seiner Amtszeit zwei Zeitschriften – die German Economic Review und die Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik –, schuf den Gossen-Preis für international publizierende junge Ökonomen und richtete ein umfangreiches Prämienprogramm für Vorträge junger deutschsprachiger Wissenschaftler auf internationalen Fachkonferenzen ein. Zwischen 2006 und 2009 war Sinn Präsident des International Institute of Public Finance, des Weltverbandes der Finanzwissenschaftler. Außerdem ist er seit 1998 Fellow des National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge (USA).

Sinn gründete im Jahr 1991 das Center for Economic Studies der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, dessen Aufgabe im Wesentlichen darin bestand, internationale Gastwissenschaftler an die volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät zu holen. Auf der Basis des CES gründete er das erste für alle Doktoranden der Fakultät verpflichtende Graduiertenprogramm für Volkswirte in Deutschland. Im Jahr 1999 schuf er zusammen mit dem ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, dessen Präsidentschaft er im gleichen Jahr übernahm, im Rahmen der CESifo GmbH das internationale CESifo-Forschernetzwerk.

Ab Februar 1999 war Sinn Präsident des ifo Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung. Das Institut erhielt während seiner Amtszeit eine dezentrale Struktur mit acht Bereichsleitern, die bei reduziertem Deputat als Professoren zugleich der volkswirtschaftlichen Fakultät der LMU zugeordnet sind. Unter seiner Leitung wurde das Institut im Januar 2010 von einer Serviceeinrichtung (Einrichtung, die überwiegend wissenschaftliche Infrastrukturaufgaben wahrnimmt) zu einer Forschungseinrichtung rückumgewandelt, deren Forschungsleistungen bei der im Jahr 2012 eingeleiteten Regelevaluierung des ifo Instituts durch den Senat der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft als "sehr gut, in Teilen sogar exzellent" bezeichnet wurden. Die Leibniz-Gemeinschaft hob hervor, dass es Hans-Werner Sinn immer wieder gelungen sei, wichtige öffentliche Debatten zu den verschiedenartigsten Themen anzustoßen. Die Amtszeit von Hans-Werner Sinn als ifo-Präsident endete im März 2016, als er 68 Jahre alt wurde und in den Ruhestand trat. Seit 2017 ist er "ständiger Gastprofessor" an der Universität Luzern.

Hans-Werner Sinn war von 2000 bis 2010 Aufsichtsratsmitglied der HypoVereinsbank.
2016 war er Teilnehmer an der Bilderberg-Konferenz in Dresden.

Er lebt mit seiner Frau Gerlinde in Gauting bei München; sie haben drei erwachsene Kinder.

Forschungsgebiete
Sinn beschäftigte sich in seinen ersten wissenschaftlichen Jahren vor allem mit der ökonomischen Risikotheorie. Schwerpunkte dieser Arbeiten lagen bei der Symbiose von Erwartungsnutzentheorie und der axiomatischen Fundierung der Mittelwert-Varianz-Analyse, besonders der Fundierung des Prinzips des unzureichenden Grundes, bei der psychologischen Fundierung von Risikopräferenzfunktionen und vor allem der Analyse von Risikoentscheidungen mit Haftungsbeschränkungen. Nach dem Urteil von Martin Hellwig nahm Sinn damit die bislang als Basiswerk geltende Arbeit von Stiglitz und Weiss aus dem Jahr 1981 vorweg.

Einen besonderen Schwerpunkt seiner Arbeit bildeten Probleme des längerfristigen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums. Vor Abel, Blanchard und Chamley formulierte Sinn das ökonomische Zentralplanungsmodell des wirtschaftlichen Wachstums in der Tradition von Robert Solow als intertemporales allgemeines Gleichgewichtsmodell mit dezentral optimierenden Akteuren und Markträumungsbedingungen.

1987 erschien Sinns Habilitationsschrift zu den Anreizwirkungen beschleunigter Abschreibungen und der verschiedenen Komponenten der Kapitaleinkommensbesteuerung auf die intertemporale, internationale und intersektorale Ressourcenallokation.

1991 veröffentlichte Hans-Werner Sinn zusammen mit seiner Frau Gerlinde Sinn das Buch Kaltstart, das eine Analyse der Fehler der Vereinigungspolitik bietet. Die Autoren kritisieren die "Verschleuderungspolitik" der Treuhandanstalt zu Lasten der ostdeutschen Bevölkerung und die unter dem Einfluss westlicher Arbeitgeberverbände und Gewerkschaften betriebene, der Marktentwicklung vorgreifende Politik der schnellen Lohnangleichung, die zum eigenen Schutz als Investitionsbremse zur Abwehr ausländischer Direktinvestitionen geplant gewesen sei. Das Buch wurde in mehrere Sprachen übersetzt.

Sinn sieht die grundsätzliche Begründung des Sozialstaats in seiner Funktion als  Versicherungsinstitution. Die staatliche Umverteilung versichere die Staatsbürger vor Gefahren des Lebens, die von privaten Versicherungen nicht versichert werden, und indem sie das tut, erhöht sie die Wagnisbereitschaft der Menschen, was produktive wirtschaftliche Wirkungen entfaltet.

Sinns 2003 erschienenes Buch Ist Deutschland noch zu retten? löste eine Debatte zum Reformstau in Deutschland aus und kann nach Auffassung des damaligen Vorsitzenden des Sachverständigenrates als Ideengeber für die Agenda 2010 betrachtet werden. Im Zentrum des Buches steht der Vorschlag, die sogenannte aktivierende Sozialhilfe einzurichten. Diese bedient sich persönlicher Lohnzuschüsse für Geringqualifizierte, um sicherzustellen, dass niemand mehr von dem allein leben muss, was er sich selbst erarbeiten kann, und dass in der Summe aus diesen Zuschüssen und dem markträumenden Lohn ein aus sozialer Sicht akzeptables Gesamteinkommen oberhalb des soziokulturellen Existenzminimums entsteht. Mit über 100 000 gedruckten Exemplaren gehört das Buch zu den erfolgreichsten wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Monographien der Gegenwart. Die englische  Übersetzung wurde im Journal of Economic Literature durch einen Übersichtsartikel gewürdigt, da es ein "wichtiger Beitrag zur Frage (sei), wie der Sozialstaat reformiert werden sollte, um die Vorteile der Globalisierung nutzbar zu machen und den Armen zu helfen."

In Der Kasino-Kapitalismus (2009) beschreibt Sinn, wie es 2007 als Folge von Politik- und Marktversagen zur globalen Finanzkrise kam. Er erhebt den Vorwurf, dass Banken wegen einer unzureichenden Regulierung mit zu wenig haftendem Eigenkapital arbeiten durften und deswegen zum "Glücksspiel" neigten. Das Handelsblatt bezeichnete dieses Buch als eines der 50 wichtigsten Ökonomiebücher aller Zeiten.

Politische Standpunkte
Sinn selbst bezeichnet seine wirtschaftspolitische Position als "finanzwissenschaftlich", also als Denkrichtung, die die aktive Rolle des Staates bei der Überwindung von Verteilungs- und Allokationsproblemen der Marktwirtschaft betont. Er äußerte sich jedoch auch positiv über den Ordoliberalismus im Sinne von Erhard und Eucken, nach dem der Staat vor allem den Ordnungsrahmen der Marktwirtschaft zu definieren habe.

Kurz vor der Bundestagswahl 2005 unterzeichnete Sinn mit 242 weiteren deutschen Wirtschaftswissenschaftlern einen öffentlichen Aufruf, den Hamburger Appell, für wirtschaftspolitische Reformen in Deutschland.

Eurokrise
Sinn war einer der ersten von 279 Ökonomieprofessoren, die während der Eurokrise einen von Walter Krämer zusammen mit Stefan Hoderlein (Boston) und Manfred Deistler (Wien) im Juli 2012 initiierten Aufruf unterschrieben, der sich gegen eine "Vergemeinschaftung der Bankenschulden" durch eine gemeinsame Einlagenversicherung innerhalb der Eurozone wendet. In einer Presseerklärung stellte das ifo Institut klar, dass Sinn im Gegensatz zu manchen Pressemeldungen nicht zu den Autoren des Aufrufs gehörte.

Sinn sieht die Ursache der europäischen Schuldenkrise in einer durch den Euro induzierten, künstlichen Zinskonvergenz, die in den ersten Jahren des Euro in den Ländern Südeuropas zu einer inflationären Kreditblase führte. Diese verringerte die internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der betroffenen Länder und führte zu hohen Leistungsbilanzdefiziten der Schuldenländer gegenüber den historischen Hartwährungsländern.

Als im Zuge der globalen Finanzkrise ab 2007 und der europäischen Finanz- und Schuldenkrise im Besonderen der Interbankenmarkt versiegte, gingen die europäischen Kreditinstitute, insbesondere in den Ländern der Peripherie, dazu über, sich vermehrt bei ihren nationalen Notenbanken zu refinanzieren, was die EZB durch eine Lockerung ihrer Pfänderpolitik sowie durch das Tolerieren von ELA-Krediten ermöglichte. Die so auf nationaler Ebene geschaffene Zusatzliquidität wurde verwendet, die Leistungsbilanzdefizite weiterhin zu finanzieren, Schulden im Ausland zu tilgen und dort Vermögensobjekte zu kaufen. Die entsprechenden Nettoüberweisungen in andere Länder, die sogenannten Zahlungsbilanzdefizite, werden durch die Target-Salden gemessen (siehe auch Target2).

Gemäß Sinn handelt es sich damit bei den Target-Salden um öffentliche internationale Kredite, weil es um Zahlungen geht, die die nationalen Notenbanken mangels Einlagen beim Eurosystem einander kreditieren. Sie sind mit den anderen offiziellen Finanzhilfen wie den Rettungsschirmen vergleichbar, doch werden sie statt von den Parlamenten der Eurozone vom EZB-Rat ermöglicht. Ihren Höhepunkt erreichten die Target-Forderungen des nordeuropäischen Euroblocks im August 2012 mit über 1.000 Milliarden Euro. Damals gab es in Deutschland nur noch Überweisungsgeld, das auf dem Wege einer Kreditschöpfung seitens anderer Notenbanken entstanden war. Dank Sinn fanden die Target-Salden Eingang in die öffentliche Debatte. Er war zudem der erste, der den Zusammenhang zwischen Target-Salden und Zahlungsbilanzungleichgewichten aufzeigte.

Sinn fordert eine Beendigung der Käufe von Staatsanleihen durch die EZB. Er war einer von 136 deutschen Wirtschaftsprofessoren, darunter Roland Vaubel, Bernd Lucke, Jürgen B. Donges, Manfred J. M. Neumann und Georg Milbradt, die kurz vor den Bundestagswahlen im September 2013 in einem Aufruf der EZB rechtswidrige monetäre Staatsfinanzierung vorwarfen. Der Bundesregierung und dem Deutschen Bundestag wirft er vor, es versäumt zu haben, eindeutige Kreditbedingungen für die Krisenprozedur ausgehandelt zu haben. Seiner Meinung nach führt der Europäische Stabilitätsmechanismus zur Schwächung des Euro und zur Gefährdung des europäischen Einigungswerkes.

Einwanderung
Sinn vertrat in der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung die Auffassung, dass Migranten den deutschen Staat netto mehr kosteten als sie ihm brächten. Der Artikel hatte zwei Teile. Der erste thematisierte den Arbeitsmarkt, für den Zuwanderung ein Gewinn sei. Der zweite Teil behandelt den Staat, und da sei fiskalisch ein Verlust zu bilanzieren. Herbert Brücker hatte diese Auffassung bereits ein Jahr zuvor kritisiert. Sinn bezieht sich auf Rechnungen von Holger Bonin, der auf einen langfristigen Verlust von 79.000 Euro pro Flüchtling kommt. Auch Bernd Raffelhüschen kommt auf erhebliche Nettokosten der Flüchtlinge für den deutschen Staat.

Energiepolitik
Im manager magazin bezeichnete Sinn die Energiewende in Deutschland weg von der Atomkraft als ökologischen Irrweg und formulierte "Die einzige Hoffnung der Menschheit war die Atomkraft". Auf verschiedenen Veranstaltungen hält Sinn regelmäßig kritische Vorträge zur deutschen Energiewende. Er entwickelte in seinem Buch Das grüne Paradoxon eine angebotsseitige Klimatheorie, die im Kern besagt, dass Maßnahmen zur Einschränkung der Nachfrage nach fossilen Brennstoffen irrelevant für das Klima sind, wenn es nicht gelingt, eine Einschränkung der Ressourcenextraktion zu bewirken. Das Buch wurde auch auf Englisch übersetzt und hat zu einer umfangreichen internationalen Diskussion geführt. Sinn stellt zwar den deutschen Weg zur Energiewende in Frage, aber bejaht die Notwendigkeit einer Energiewende an sich. Dazu empfiehlt er einen weltweiten Emissionshandel sowie den weltweiten Übergang zu einem System der Quellensteuern für Kapitalerträge, um den Ressourcenbesitzern den Anreiz zu nehmen, ihre Bodenschätze in Finanzvermögen zu verwandeln.

In seinem Aufsatz Buffering Volatility kam Sinn 2017 zum Ergebnis, dass es trotz der Reduktion des Speicherbedarfs durch einen vollständigen Stromverbund von den Alpen bis nach Norwegen nicht möglich sei, mehr als einen Marktanteil von 50 % für Wind- und Solarstrom zu erreichen, wenn man die Pufferung durch Pumpspeicherkraftwerke vornehme und auf eine Abregelung der den Verbrauch überschießenden Stromspitzen verzichte. Wissenschaftler des DIW kritisierten Sinns Ausführungen im selben Fachjournal und bescheinigten ihm unter anderem bei seiner Methodik implizite Annahmen getroffen zu haben, die erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Ergebnisse hätten. Deshalb wichen seine Ergebnisse von anderen Studien zum Thema ab. Dabei replizierten die Wissenschaftler Sinns Methodik, ohne aber bestimmte Prämissen von Sinn zu übernehmen, was die Ergebnisse laut den Autoren deutlich veränderte. So führe z. B. Sinns Prämisse, im Widerspruch zum etablierten Forschungsstand gänzlich auf Abregelungen zu verzichten, zu einem deutlich überhöhten Speicherbedarf, da unter dieser Annahme jede einzelne kWh Wind- und Solarstrom gespeichert werden müsse. Dies führe unter anderem dazu, dass seine Ergebnisse bezüglich des notwendigen Ausbaus von Stromspeichern, um ein bis zwei Größenordnungen über den Ergebnissen anderer Studien lagen. Tatsächlich sei es aber wirtschaftlicher, einen Teil erneuerbarer Erzeugungsspitzen abzuregeln als sie gänzlich zu speichern. Dadurch sei es möglich, mit viel weniger Speichervolumen auszukommen. Die Autoren kommen in ihrem Fazit zu dem Ergebnis, dass "der Bedarf an elektrischen Energiespeichern den weiteren Ausbau variabler erneuerbarer Energien nicht begrenzt". Sinns von einer Vielzahl anderer Studien abweichende Ergebnisse kämen deshalb zustande, weil er nur "corner solutions" berücksichtige, d. h. entweder gar keine Speicher ansetze, was zu massiven Abregelungen führe, oder überhaupt keine Abregelungen zulasse, was wiederum zu einem sehr hohen Speicherbedarf führe. Kosteneffizient sei jedoch die Kombination verschiedener Möglichkeiten. Zudem betonen die Autoren, dass der Bedarf an Stromspeichern weiter gesenkt werden könne, indem weitere Flexibilitätsoptionen wie die Kopplung des Stromsektors mit dem Wärme- und Verkehrssektor oder die Erzeugung von Wasserstoff genutzt würden.

Klimapolitik
Sinn kritisierte 2008 in seinem Buch Das grüne Paradoxon, dass sich Politik und Theorie fast ausschließlich mit der Nachfrageseite des Kohlenstoffmarktes befassten und das Angebot vernachlässigten. Tatsächlich nütze es aber nichts, wenn eine Gruppe von Ländern die Nachfrage nach fossilen Brennstoffen reduziere, da die Anbieter ihre Mengen dann andernorts auf der Welt zu niedrigeren Preisen verkauften. Was aus dem Boden herauskomme, werde auch verbrannt – wenn nicht in Europa, dann anderswo. Trotz erheblicher Anstrengungen zur Reduktion der Nachfrage in Europa sei es bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt (Jahr 2007) noch nicht zu einer Senkung der weltweit ausgestoßenen Mengen an CO2 gekommen. Der Ausstoß an CO2 steige leider vielmehr unvermindert an.

Das "grüne Paradoxon" besteht nach Sinn in dem Umstand, dass die Besitzer der Ressourcen die Ankündigung der Energiewende als drohende Marktvernichtung interpretieren und deshalb darauf mit einer Beschleunigung der Ressourcenextraktion reagieren. Dies berge die Gefahr, dass der Klimawandel sogar noch beschleunigt werde. Länder, die nicht an den Nachfragebeschränkungen teilnehmen, haben demnach einen doppelten Vorteil. Sie können nicht nur den Kohlenstoff verbrennen, der von den "grünen" Ländern freigegeben wird ("leakage effect"), sondern zusätzlich die Kohlenstoffmengen, die die Anbieter entsprechend dem "grünen Paradoxon" vorzeitig aus der Erde holen.

Sinn unterstützt die Forderung des Nobelpreisträgers William D. Nordhaus zur Gründung eines internationalen Klimaklubs. Die Mitgliedschaft müsse dann die Verpflichtung zu bindenden Mengenbeschränkungen beim CO2-Ausstoss umfassen. Mitglieder sollten den Vorteil des Freihandels genießen, von dem Nichtmitglieder ausgeschlossen sein müssten. Damit die Mitgliedschaft in einem Klimaklub hinreichend attraktiv sei, müsste er jedoch genügend Länder umfassen.

Elektromobilität
In dem 2019 veröffentlichten Artikel Kohlemotoren, Windmotoren und Dieselmotoren: Was zeigt die CO2-Bilanz? kommen Christoph Buchal von der Forschungsstelle Jülich, Heinz-Dieter Karl und Hans-Werner Sinn zu dem Schluss, dass Elektroautos im günstigsten Fall eine CO2-Bilanz hätten, die mit Dieselmotor-Autos vergleichbar sei. Konkret verglichen wurden das Tesla Model 3 Long Range Dual Motor mit einem Mercedes-Benz C 220 d (OM  654).

Die Schlussfolgerung der Studie wurde anschließend in Medien und von Wissenschaftlern aufgegriffen und teils heftig kritisiert; unter anderem nahm eine 2019 in der Fachzeitschrift Joule publizierte Studie Sinns Arbeit als Referenz, um speziell an ihr die üblichen Mängel bei Prämissen und Methodik von solchen Studien darzustellen, die E-Autos nur geringe Umweltvorteile attestieren. Sinns Studie enthielte gemäß öffentlich geäußerter Kritik etliche Fehlannahmen. So sei u. a. mit Verbrauchsangaben des NEFZ-Fahrzyklus gearbeitet, anstatt des deutlich realitätsnaheren WLTP-Fahrzyklus. Ein Autor der Wirtschaftswoche unterstellte ihm sogar absichtliche Voreingenommenheit zu Gunsten des Dieselmotors: "Es drängt sich der Verdacht auf, dass ein bestimmtes Ergebnis zu Gunsten des Diesels erreicht werden sollte. [...] Die Studien von Paul Scherrer Institut, Fraunhofer, ICCT und Forschungsgesellschaft für Energiewirtschaft, Agora Energiewende  […] dürften der Wahrheit sehr viel näher sein." Sinn und Buchal antworteten der Kritik in einem Gastbeitrag in der FAZ.

Geldpolitik
Nachdem Ende 2021 sein Buch Die wundersame Geldvermehrung erschienen war, wies Hans-Werner Sinn in mehreren Interviews auf die Gefahr anhaltender inflationärer Tendenzen v. a. in Europa, aber auch in den USA hin.

Öffentlicher Einfluss
Laut einer Umfrage der Financial Times Deutschland zusammen mit dem Verein für Socialpolitik unter 550 deutschen Wirtschaftsexperten im Jahr 2006 schrieben die Befragten "nur zwei Vertretern der eigenen Zunft nennenswerten Einfluss auf die Politik [zu]: Bert Rürup und Hans-Werner Sinn". Nach einer Untersuchung des Zentrums für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung und der Universität Konstanz im Jahre 2007 rangierte Sinn gemessen an der Anzahl der Zitierungen in wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fachzeitschriften auf dem zweiten Platz unter den deutschen Ökonomen nach Reinhard Selten. In der Liste "Die wichtigsten Wirtschaftswissenschaftler" der Wirtschaftswoche von 2011 belegte er den ersten Platz. Für die britische Zeitung The Independent gehört Sinn wegen seiner Forschung zu den Target-Salden zu den zehn einflussreichsten Menschen, die 2011 die Welt verändert haben. Die Forschungsdatenbank RePEc ermittelt regelmäßig aufgrund von Zitierungen weltweit die forschungsstärksten Ökonomen. Sinn erreichte 2012 bis einschließlich 2016 den besten Platz für einen deutschen Ökonom, sein Ranking reiht ihn 2016 weltweit in die obersten 0,2 % und europaweit unter die 0,1 %. Er war als einziger Deutscher in der Bloomberg-Liste der fünfzig weltweit einflussreichsten Persönlichkeiten der Wirtschaft des Jahres 2012 aufgeführt. Nach einer Erhebung der Zeitschrift Cicero zum Einfluss auf den öffentlichen Diskurs im zurückliegenden Jahrzehnt, die im Januar 2017 die 500 wichtigsten deutschen Intellektuellen auflistete, lag Sinn zu diesem Zeitpunkt auf Platz 4 hinter Martin Walser, Peter Sloterdijk und Peter Handke.

Nach dem Ökonomenranking der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung, basierend erstens auf einer Umfrage unter Bundestagsabgeordneten und Mitarbeitern von Bundesministerien mit der Frage "Den Rat oder die Publikationen welcher Ökonomen schätzen Sie am meisten für Ihre Arbeit?", zweitens der Medienpräsenz und drittens der Bewertung der Publikationen in Form von wissenschaftlichen Aufsätzen der letzten fünf Jahre, belegte Sinn 2013, 2014 und 2015 den ersten Platz in Deutschland. Nach seiner Emeritierung rutschte er auf den zweiten Platz ab. Obwohl Sinn in der Kategorie Forschung, die allein auf der Basis der wissenschaftlichen Aufsätze der letzten fünf Jahre erstellt ist und wissenschaftliche Monographien nicht berücksichtigt, nicht unter den besten 50 aufscheint, erläutert die FAZ, hat in Deutschland kein anderer Ökonom so viel Gewicht in Medien und Politik, Sinn sei aber auch in der Forschung präsent. Ähnliches wiederholte sich 2015.

In seinem Kommentar Der Boulevardprofessor in der Financial Times Deutschland vom 30. März 2007 meinte der Wirtschaftsjournalist Mark Schieritz, dass Sinn umso größere publizistische Geschütze auffahre, je weniger seine Thesen Beachtung fänden. 2012 bezeichnete Schieritz in der Zeit Sinn als "ökonomischen Seismograph der Republik", der mit seinen Büchern und Interviews den Sound zu den wirtschaftspolitischen Megatrends der vergangenen 30 Jahre geliefert habe.

Kontroversen
Im Oktober 2008 bezeichnete Sinn in der öffentlichen Diskussion über die Finanzkrise deutsche Manager als Sündenböcke, nach denen in jeder Krise gesucht werde. In der Weltwirtschaftskrise von 1929 habe es in Deutschland die Juden getroffen, heute seien es die Manager. Diese Äußerung stieß nicht nur beim Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland, sondern auch bei Politikern verschiedener Parteien sowie Repräsentanten des öffentlichen Lebens auf Kritik, da die Aussage eine Gleichsetzung der Kritik an den Managern mit der Judenverfolgung darstelle. Noch am selben Tag nahm Sinn den Vergleich zurück. Das Ifo veröffentlichte kurz darauf Stellungnahmen, in denen jüdische Bekannte und Kollegen Sinn gegen seine Kritiker verteidigten.

Im Zuge der europäischen Finanzkrise kritisierte Finanzminister Wolfgang Schäuble Sinns Position bezüglich des Euro-Rettungsschirms. So sei laut Schäuble mit der "Autorität von akademischen Titeln und von wissenschaftlichen Instituten, die mit viel Geld vom deutschen Steuerzahler subventioniert werden, eine besondere Verantwortung verbunden". Die Berechnungen zu Griechenland seien jedoch "mal wieder ein Beispiel dafür, wie man dieser Verantwortung nicht sonderlich gut gerecht wird". In einer Pressemitteilung wies das ifo Institut die Kritik zurück und warf Schäuble vor, die Bedeutung der Target-Salden in seinen Berechnungen nicht zu berücksichtigen. In der Festschrift, die Sinn zum Abschied erhielt, lobte Schäuble freilich die zutiefst europäische Orientierung von Sinn und pries seine Scharfzüngigkeit und gedankliche Schärfe, die für Politiker zwar nicht immer angenehm sei, die man aber aushalten müsse. Er erklärte: "Er darf nun zwar aus dem Amt scheiden, leider – aber aufhören, sich als Ökonom an der politischen Debatte zu beteiligen, das darf er bitte nicht!"

Mitgliedschaften
 Vorsitzender des Ordnungspolitischen Ausschusses des Wirtschaftsbeirats Bayern (seit 2020)
 Europäische Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste (seit 2013)
 Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina (seit 2013)
 Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, korrespondierendes Mitglied (seit 2012)
 Präsident des Weltverbandes der Finanzwissenschaftler 2006–2009 (International Institute of Public Finance)
 Stiftungsrat Karlspreis, Aachen (seit 2007)
 Fellow der European Economic Association (EEA) (seit 2004)
 European Economic Advisory Group at CESifo (seit 2001)
 Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Künste (seit 2001)
 Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Historisch-Philosophische Klasse (seit 1996)
 National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, Mass., Research Associate (seit 1989)
 Mitglied des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats beim Bundeswirtschaftsministerium (seit 1989)
 Mitglied des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats der Stiftung Familienunternehmen

Ehrungen (Auswahl)

Ehrendoktorwürde
 1999 – Ehrendoktorwürde (Dr. rer. pol. h. c.) der Universität Magdeburg
 2011 – Ehrendoktorwürde, Universität Helsinki
 2013 – Ehrendoktorwürde, HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management
 2017 – Ehrendoktorwürde der Ökonomischen Universität Prag
 2021 – Ehrendoktorwürde, Universität Luzern

Weitere
 1979 – Erster Preis der Universität Mannheim für die Dissertation (Stiftung Rheinische Hypothekenbank)
 1984 – Erster Preis der Universität Mannheim für die Habilitationsschrift (Schitag Foundation)
 1997 – Spezialpreis der Herbert Quandt Stiftung
 1999 – Verdienstkreuz am Bande des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
 1999 – Yrjö Jahnsson Lectures, Universität Helsinki
 2000 – Distinguished Scholar, Atlantic Economic Society
 2000 – Stevenson Lectures on Citizenship, Universität Glasgow
 2003 – Ehrenpreis des Wirtschaftsbeirates der Union e. V.
 2003 – Wirtschaftsbuchpreis Financial Times Deutschland und getAbstract AG
 2004 – Tinbergen Lectures, Royal Netherlands Economic Association
 2005 – Corine – Internationaler Buchpreis
 2005 – Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
 2005 – The World Economy Annual Lecture, Universität Nottingham
 2007 – Thünen-Vorlesung des Vereins für Socialpolitik
 2008 – Bayerischer Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst
 2008 – Europapreis der Universität Maastricht
 2008 – Gustav-Stolper-Preis des Vereins für Socialpolitik
 2009 – Dinosaurier des Jahres (Negativpreis)
 2012 – Scope Awards Ehrenpreis
 2012 – Staatsmedaille für besondere Verdienste um die bayerische Wirtschaft
 2013 – Chicago Booth Lecture, Scholes Forum: The Euro Crisis
 2013 – Julian Hodge Annual Lecture
 2013 – Whitman Lecture, Peterson Institute for International Economics
 2013 – Ludwig-Erhard-Preis für Wirtschaftspublizistik
 2015 – Hochschullehrer des Jahres des Deutschen Hochschulverbandes
 2017 – Friedrich-List-Medaille des Bundesverbands Deutscher Volks- und Betriebswirte e.V. (bdvb) in Gold

Werke (Auswahl)
 Risiko als Produktionsfaktor (Antrittsvorlesung in München) von Hans-Werner Sinn. In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 201, 1986, S. 557–571.
 Das Marxsche Gesetz des tendenziellen Falls der Profitrate. In: Zeitschrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft. 131, 1975, S. 646–696 Pdf-File In der Online-Ausgabe bei jstor.org.
 Ökonomische Entscheidungen bei Ungewißheit. Hrsg. J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1980, ISBN 3-16-942702-4 (Dissertation).
 english: Economic Decisions under Uncertainty. North-Holland Publishing, Amsterdam u. a. 1983, ISBN 0-444-86387-7.
 A Rehabilitation of the Principle of Insufficient Reason. In: Quarterly Journal of Economics. 95, 1980, S. 493–506.
 Common Property Resources, Storage Facilities and Ownership Structures: A Cournot Model of the Oil Market. In: Economica. 51, 1984, S. 235–252.
 Kapitaleinkommensbesteuerung. Eine Analyse der intertemporalen, internationalen und intersektoralen Allokationswirkungen. J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1985.
 Capital Income Taxation and Resource Allocation. North Holland Publishing, Amsterdam/ New York/ Oxford/ Tokio 1987. (grundlegend überarbeitete englische Fassung von Kapitaleinkommensbesteuerung).
 Kaltstart – Volkswirtschaftliche Aspekte der deutschen Vereinigung. Mohr-Siebeck, Tübingen 1991.
 The New Systems Competition. Yrjö Jahnsson Lectures, Basil Blackwell, Oxford 2003.
 Ist Deutschland noch zu retten? Econ Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-430-18533-5.
 Mut zu Reformen. Fünfzig Denkanstöße für die Wirtschaftspolitik, München 2004.
 Die Basar-Ökonomie. Econ Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-548-36944-8.
 Das grüne Paradoxon: Plädoyer für eine illusionsfreie Klimapolitik. Econ Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-430-20062-2. Englisch: The Green Paradox, A Supply Side Approach to Global Warming, MIT Press 2012. ISBN 978-0-262-01668-1.
 Risk-Taking, Limited Liability, and the Banking Crisis. Selected Reprints. ifo Institut, München 2009, ISBN 978-3-88512-482-5.
 Der Kasino-Kapitalismus. Econ Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-430-20084-4.
 Die Target-Falle – Gefahren für unser Geld und unsere Kinder. Hanser Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-446-43353-3.
 Verspielt nicht eure Zukunft. Redline Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-86881-486-6.
 Gefangen im Euro. Redline Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-86881-525-2.
 The Euro Trap. On Bursting Bubbles, Budgets, and Beliefs. Oxford University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-870213-9.
 Der Euro. Von der Friedensidee zum Zankapfel. Hanser Verlag, 2015, ISBN 978-3-446-44468-3.
 Der Schwarze Juni – Brexit, Flüchtlingswelle, Euro-Desaster – Wie die Neugründung Europas gelingt, Herder, München 2016, ISBN 978-3-451-37745-7.
 Auf der Suche nach der Wahrheit, Herder, München 2018, ISBN 978-3-451-34783-2.
 Der Corona-Schock. Wie die Wirtschaft überlebt. Herder, Freiburg i.Br. (u. a.), 2020, ISBN 978-3-451-38893-4.
 Die wundersame Geldvermehrung. Staatsverschuldung, Negativzinsen, Inflation. Herder, Freiburg 2021, ISBN 978-3-451-39127-9.

Weblinks

 Curriculum Vitae von Hans-Werner Sinn
 Persönliche Homepage

 WDR 5 (Westdeutscher Rundfunk) Tischgespräch - Gesprächskultur mit prominenten Zeitgenossen vom 20. Juni 2018

Einzelnachweise

Ökonom (20. Jahrhundert)
Ökonom (21. Jahrhundert)
Finanzwissenschaftler
Hochschullehrer (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Luzern)
Ehrendoktor der Handelshochschule Leipzig
Ehrendoktor der Universität Helsinki
Ehrendoktor der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Ehrendoktor einer Universität in Tschechien
Mitglied der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Mitglied der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Mitglied der Leopoldina (21. Jahrhundert)
Korrespondierendes Mitglied der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes 1. Klasse
Träger des Bayerischen Maximiliansordens für Wissenschaft und Kunst
Träger des Ludwig-Erhard-Preises
SPD-Mitglied
Deutscher
Geboren 1948
Mann
Hochschullehrer (Universität Wien)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Kids, don't take cues from reality TV
Hollie Moore Barnidge
Updated: Aug. 23, 2011, 6:56 p.m.
I think I know why society is a bit screwed up – and it might have something to do with the Kardashian family and people like them. No, I am not an avid Kardashian fan. Until recently, I didn't even know the first names of the Kardashian family members (well, except for Kim because everybody knows her). But after seeing a clip of their ridiculous show, "Keeping Up with the Kardashians," I Googled them and did a bit of research.
What triggered my curiosity? Well, as I was channel surfing, I paused briefly on a segment that featured a 20-something woman shouting expletives at someone who appeared to be her mother. I later found out that woman was Kourtney Kardashian, and the woman she was screaming at was indeed her mother, Kris Jenner.
Well, I put the remote down and stared at the screen, wondering what on Earth this girl's mother could have said to upset her so. It turns out, Kris was merely suggesting that Kourtney get married to her long-time boyfriend before voluntarily getting pregnant with her second out-of-wedlock baby. Gasp! Of course, Kourtney put Kris in her place by commanding her mother to "shut the (expletive) up!" Nice.
What planet do they live on?! Who talks to their mother like that? And, maybe worst of all, Kris didn't seem fazed or shocked at her daughter's language and blatant disrespect. She took it in stride.
I automatically inserted my mother and myself in this situation, and I came to a conclusion pretty quickly: grown woman or not, I would never, ever tell my mom to do such a thing. Not just because it's rude and unnecessary, but because it would hurt my mom's feelings. And, considering all she's given me, she's just about the last person in the universe I'd want to hurt.
Unfortunately, I'm sure there are plenty of "Kardashian" viewers out there who don't share my view. Even more disturbing, think about the hordes of teen and pre-teen Kardashian fans out there who hadn't even developed views on such things, but now, because they saw the same segment of the show that I did, think it's probably OK and "cool" to talk to their parents that way. And the vicious cycle continues. Thanks a lot, Kardashians.
Hopefully, there are some good, responsible parents out there who will stress to their young, impressionable children that not only is it completely inappropriate to talk to your parents that way, it's generally an all-around bad idea to take social cues from lame reality stars who are only famous for, well, being famous.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Army Families Often Find Friends Outside the Gates
Rebecca Alwine
A military spouse can expect to move eight to 12 times in 20 years, according to the Pentagon's Military Community and Family Policy office. For some, the transitions come even more frequently. Starting over can be difficult, even under the best of circumstances.Do military families really have the time to connect to society outside the gates? Are they able to put down roots in a community? What helps or hinders families from connecting with their civilian counterparts?On or Off Post?With the privatization of most Army housing, families have more and more options regarding living situations. The choice between on and off post is a purely personal one, but location does play a part in connecting with the community."Honestly, connecting with others really depends on how active you are in the community," said Army spouse Jen Koepl, currently living on post at Fort Meade, Md. "While living off post at our last duty station [Goodfellow Air Force Base, Texas], we were very active in the community." Koepl, who has four children, said her family "started our home-school journey there, and found it easy to make friends and build relationships without the schedule limitations of school."Army spouse Mary Salmond has lived in on- and off-post housing over the past 14 years of military moves. She has found that living off post gives her family an opportunity to get out into the local community more. Living and working off post in Hawaii, in particular, and making efforts to get out into that community really paid off: "Hawaii was the most welcoming place I've ever lived," she said. "No matter the gathering, event or location, you were greeted with a smile, a hug and a kiss on the cheek."In Hawaii, Salmond had a good mix of "Army wife" friends and locals. She worked at a local Lowe's Home Improvement store, where she was able to make friends with her co-workers by taking some risks and learning some new things."Slowly, I met and connected with more people and found common interests. I found a workout buddy in the lumber department and a hiking friend in paint," she said.On the GoCompany grade officers frequently move twice within a 12-month period when attending the Captains Career Course. The standard active component course is 20–21 weeks long, and almost all are resident courses. Two transitions a year for these officers and their families is a challenge.Some spouses would argue that it isn't worth moving for six months. Some move but don't make the effort to search for a job and instead, use the time to regroup. Some may decide that six months isn't long enough to attempt to make new friends, while some decide to jump in with both feet.After moving to Fort Huachuca, Ariz., Salmond finally joined a community-inclusive spouses' club as a way to learn more about life outside the post. "It took a decade, but it was a great decision. There has been more information regarding local information, not just Army stuff. The people who live here and call the area home are some of the most valuable resources," she said. "I'm glad I branched out."Families with children often find it easier to make off-post connections. "Children are something other moms immediately relate to," said Salmond, who has 5-year-old twin boys. Now that Salmond lives off post and her boys attend a local school, they are a great conversation-starter.The Sierra Vista Library, located near Fort Huachuca, offers programs for all local residents. Army spouse Nicole Allen brings her three girls, ages 5 to 7, to a free weekly children's event there so they can learn, meet different kids and explore their local community.Is Anyone Out There?A small and often-overlooked group of Army families are the ones who need their local community the most. Recruiters and other soldiers who live far from an Army installation are thrust into the civilian lifestyle. Sherri Davenport and Missi Hayes, both seasoned Army spouses, experienced this and followed two different paths.When Davenport and her family moved to an Army Reserve unit in Atlanta from Wiesbaden, Germany, and lived off post, they were setting up their retirement plan. At first, community members were wary about whether the Davenports were going to put down roots. But "we knew that this would be our last duty station [and] when I explained to them that they were now our 'village,' we made progress," she said.The first step was getting to know some moms at the neighborhood pool. "The school was the biggest lead [into the community] as well as through Cub Scouts and Boy Scouts," said Davenport, who has two sons, ages 11 and 15. When it came time for military retirement, many of their neighbors were invited to the final flight, and the Davenports have remained in the area.Hayes and her family experienced a different transition. With her husband participating in a fellowship opportunity in Washington, D.C., there was no unit at all to start with. Things were very different after transitioning from three duty stations in a row with close-knit communities."If I didn't have a child, it would be really hard," said Hayes, who has a 7-year-old son. "Through joining the PTA, scouts and sports, I've started meeting some people. But it hasn't been easy."


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It will take you longer to read this recipe than it will to cook it. This is for when you wake up at 4am and cant believe how starving you are. When your tummy needs filling, and you just don't want to do any work at all. You come home from work, or you've been chasing the kids all day, and all you want is sustenance. Or you come home after a night on the tiles (where does that phrase come from?!) and you need something starchy and yummy and simple to soak up all that booze. You can make it for more than 1 person, but its basic. Totally delicious, but basic. Once you have this little trick up your sleeve though, you will be making up excuses to eat it. Don't try to dress it up. There really is no need.
Boil some water. As it comes to the boil, put ½ cup of couscous per person in the bowl that youre going to eat out of. Remember that couscous swells, so make it double the size of the amount of couscous youre using.
Pour the ½ cup of boiling water over the couscous and cover (I use a sideplate). Leave for 3 -4 minutes.
While the couscous is absorbing the water, and plumping up, get your cheese out the fridge and find a grater. Uncover your bowl, and fluff the couscous up with a fork. Taste and adjust for saltiness. Grate some cheese over this mixture (not a lot, but enough to flavour it) and mix well. Pop in some peas or a few sliced tomatoes to make yourself feel better, and for the "veg" component.


text:
tjbresearch.com
mind the gaps May 23
watching you May 8
a chemistry is performed Mar 28
dear prudence Jan 21
the dangers of maximization Nov 18
best and brightest Oct 22
quant questions Aug 29
consistent and repeatable Nov 2013
the sharpe edifice Jun 2013
the illusion of certainty Mar 2013
everything is connected Feb 2012
the book on equity research Mar 2011
letter to a young analyst Dec 2010
those darn analysts Jun 2010
tom's favorites
about this blog and tom brakke
copyright and usage policy
a chemistry is performed
In a 2014 profile of Elizabeth Holmes, she began what Ken Auletta termed a "comically vague" description of what happened inside of a Theranos blood-testing machine with the words, "A chemistry is performed."New Yorker | The quote from Holmes: "A chemistry is performed so that a chemical reaction occurs and generates a signal from the chemical interaction with the sample, which is translated into a result, which is then reviewed by certified laboratory personnel." You know the rest of the tale by now, thanks to the outstanding journalistic efforts of John CarreyrouWall Street Journal | His reporting at the WSJ broke the story wide open, and he later recounted the story in his book, Bad Blood. and an ever-expanding number of media projects about Holmes and Theranos.
Indeed, a chemistry was performed, a powerful reaction among elements that included dreams of venture-capital riches, hopes for a scientific breakthrough, a heroine narrative, the cultivation of access and publicity, and perhaps a bit of sexual attraction.Twitter | Regarding the last point, Andi Zeisler said, "This isn't difficult." That combustible mixture apparently caused blindness.
No one seemed particularly interested in nailing down the chemistry that was supposed to be happening in the machine or in the company itself, for that matter — investors were willing to accept fanciful projections and didn't demand the audited financial statements that would have exposed the ongoing charade regarding the performance of the business.
The specific case of Theranos leads to a whole series of general questions for investors. Have people who invest in early-stage companies changed their standards and practices as a result? For example, what requirements should there be regarding an audit? When you check around (this is not an area I know much about), you find that things are pretty loose given the amount of money and attention that early-stage companies can draw.
More broadly, asset owners and the intermediaries that act on their behalf should have serious discussions and agreed-upon beliefs regarding the transparency that they require from asset managers in any given situation.
As a case in point, Yale's David Swensen has said, "I have never been a big fan of quantitative approaches to investment. And the fundamental reason is that I can't understand what's in the black box. And if I don't know what's in the black box, and there's underperformance, I don't know if the black box is broken or if it's out of favor. And if it's broken, you want to stop. And if it's out of favor, you want to increase your exposure."Council on Foreign Relations | The quote is from a conversation with Robert Rubin.
You may disagree with him. Obviously many people do, given the growth of quantitative management.the research puzzle | I covered a number of "quant questions" last fall. But the core question is, what are your standards and why?
For example, what level of transparency do you require for evaluating 1) a long-only, multi-asset portfolio; 2) a long-only (traditional, fundamental) global equity manager; 3) a fixed income manager that invests in all parts of the asset class, and which uses the full range of bond-related derivatives; 4) a long-only quantitative equity manager that uses leverage; or 5) a long/short equity hedge fund? (Or from the whole range of managers of other strategies in the public realm, to say nothing of those in private markets.)
Do you demand position-level information or aggregated risk exposures? Transactions? Access to models that are employed in a systematic fashion?
Coming from a different angle, who within an organization have you been allowed to interview in a one-on-one session? Were you able to see their actual work environment, tools, and work product?
Of course, the questions could go on and on. The designer Charles Eames said, "Never delegate understanding."the research puzzle | I wrote a posting with that title in 2014. But in an industry beset by principal-agent problems,SSRN | Here's a look at those problems in a monograph by the CFA Institute Research Foundation. there are many gaps of understanding, to say nothing of basic facts.
Some believe that a lack of transparency is a benefit (and there is some evidence to that effect), that keeping positions and strategies secret can lead to a competitive advantage that can be sustained over time, but how do you know if you're in a virtuous situation or a vicious one? And, for people in a position of fiduciary responsibility, how do you square your obligations with the lack of detailed information inherent in some investment relationships?
There are many questions to be answered, including whether your standards regarding transparency are malleable and, if they are, what drives the decision to accept less visibility with one manager versus another? Past performance? Market power? The actions of other investors who may have different standards than you?
At times, a manager's answer to a question that you pose is the functional equivalent of "a chemistry is performed." You may be able to get past that intentional vagueness by asking other questions or doing some additional sleuthing, but eventually you'll run into a line of demarcation. From there you are reliant on the narrative that is provided, begging the question as to whether you are able to place your trust (faith?) in the other party.
That impasse may come early or late in the process, after much revelation or very little. Then you have to decide whether you know enough. It helps to have a set of beliefs in place about the value of transparency and the standards that you want to apply, so that you know what to do when you get there, otherwise you'll be buffeted by the winds (and whims) of the day.
© thomas j. brakke, llc 2019
tjb research


A new discovery could lead to the creation of better treatments for people with type 1 diabetes who also have depression.
Scientists at Lund University, Sweden, say levels of an inflammatory protein called galectin-3 could be significant in helping to diagnose or treat depression among those with type 1 diabetes.
Galectin-3 is involved in promoting inflammatory immune system responses that help repair tissue damage, such as in response to injury or disease. But elevated levels have been linked to disorders including Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease.
Prior to this study, research suggested that high levels of inflammation were associated with depression and diabetes, but the role of galectin-3 was not investigated in either condition.
Researchers analysed galectin-3 levels in 283 men and women with type 1 diabetes for one year, with incidences of depression self-reported.
Lead author Dr Eva Olga Melin said: "We found that people with type-1 diabetes and depression had higher galectin-3 levels, yet no other diabetes-related metabolic changes could account for these elevated levels."
Because depression is common among people with diabetes, researchers hope that if they can validate their findings in future studies, as well as prove a causal relationship between galectin-3 and depression risk, then future treatment targets could help lower the risk of depression in people with type 1 diabetes.
"Depression is a common disorder, so these findings suggest that further investigating the role of galectin-3 could lead to improved diagnosis and maybe better treatment outcomes for patients in the future," added Dr Melin.
The findings appear online in Endocrine Connections.
Editor's note: While people with diabetes are more likely to get depression than those without the condition, they are many ways depression can be treated aside from medication. Our Diabetes Forum has helped people share their stories for over 15 years and talk with like-minded individuals, while keeping good control of blood sugar levels and eating a healthy, real food diet has been shown to improve energy levels as well as mood.


text:
Q: how to run multiple observables in sequence I have an array of observables a$, b$, c$, d$. I want them them to run in sequence. E.g. if a$ finishes, then b$. If b$ finishes then $c ...
I know forkJoin([a$, b$, c$, d$]) except that it will do this in parallel. Is there a corresponding operator? Or can I tell forkJoin to run in sequence?

A: You can use concat to run them in sequence:
concat(a$, b$, c$).subscribe(console.log);

If you also want to skip any intermediate emissions from the source observables on the resulting observer, you can use something like
concat(...[a$, b$, c$].map(source$ => source$.pipe(last())));

… or if you want to only collect the last emission of each source observable into a single emission like forkJoin, you attach toArray to it:
concat(...[a$, b$, c$].map(source$ => source$.pipe(last()))).pipe(
  toArray(),
);

Of course you could extract this into your own operator now if you want:
const concatLast = <T>(...sources: Observable<T>) => concat(
  ...sources.map(source$ => source$.pipe(last()))
).pipe(
  toArray(),
);

There are still fine differences to forkJoin in how it behaves when one of the source observables completes without emitting.

On the rxjs website there's a useful tool called the operator decision tree which helps you figure out the appropriate operator, for example in this case

*

*I have some Observables to combine together as one Observable, and

*I want to subscribe to each in order

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The 8:30 | Things to Know Before You Go (4/20)
Posted by: Michelle Callaghan
Tags: Features, General News, Homepage News, The 8:30
Here's your daily dose of library-oriented speed-reads to start your day!
Outstanding Faculty Research Award Lecture featuring Giorgi Japaridze, PhD. Tuesday, April 21 at 2:00 p.m. in the Reading Room. Dr. Japaridze will discuss the extensive research that led him to win the coveted Outstanding Faculty Research Award in 2015. Tailored for a general audience, Dr. Japaridze's talk "Computability, Logic, and Computability Logic" will give an overview of the new line of research introduced by the speaker several years ago, named "Computability Logic." In the same sense that traditional logic is about providing a systematic answer to the question "What is (always) true?" Computability Logic is about providing a systematic answer to the more general question "What can (always) be computed and how?" This is a long-term program for rebuilding logic into a comprehensive formal theory of computability. Light refreshments will be served. For more information, contact Regina Duffy.
APA Workshop: Tuesday, April 21, 4:00 p.m., Room 207. Come learn the basics of citing all types of documents: books, journal articles, and websites. Bring your laptop or Mac and get ready to show APA who's boss! This workshop is open to students, faculty, and staff.
Register by contacting Barbara Quintiliano (or just drop in) If you can't make this session, book an individual session with Barbara. Click and reserve a time slot:https://barbquin.youcanbook.me/
2015 Open Mic Poetry Reading: Wednesday, April 22, 12:00 p.m., Speakers' Corner. Class of 2015 Creative Writing Contestants, other students and members of the University community will share original work and favorite poems, ranging from the humorous to the thought-provoking to the sublime. This event will also feature the release party of Arthology, one of Villanova University's student art-literary magazines, which will be available to students for free. Whether you have a poem you'd like to share or just want to listen, the Department of English and Falvey Memorial Library invite you to enjoy this entertaining and memorable celebration of poetry.For more information, contact Regina Duffy.
Workshop for Chicago Style Footnotes and Bibliographies: Wednesday, April 22, 4:00 p.m., Room 207. Are you confused by the different formats required by Chicago-Style for footnotes and bibliographies? Are you unsure about how and when to use "ibid."? Answers to your questions are just around the corner. Come to Falvey Memorial Library for a quick introduction to Chicago-Style rules for footnotes and bibliographies. For more information, contact history liaison librarian Jutta Seibert.
ACADEMIC NOTE
We are proud to announce the 2015 Falvey Scholars Award Winners!
Falvey Memorial Library, the Center for Undergraduate Research and Fellowships, and the Honors Program are pleased to announce the 2015 Falvey Scholars Award winners: Katie Kline, Elizabeth Long, Jessica Swoboda, Nicholas Ader, Joseph Schaadt and John Szot. Falvey Scholars is an annual program that recognizes outstanding undergraduate research at Villanova. The Villanova Community is invited to join us in room 205 of Falvey Memorial Library on Friday, April 24 at 9 a.m. for the Falvey Scholars 2015 Awards Presentation and Reception Ceremony in which the award recipients will give short presentations on the content and findings of the research involved in the writing of the thesis or creation of their winning project report. A continental breakfast will be served. For more information, contact Regina Duffy.
"My father has it…I have it… my sister has it…"
What is it? What does the internet have? It's the new Star Wars trailer, of course. At this writing, and in less than 24 hours, over 18 million viewers have taken in the internet tease of director J.J.Abram's brief second sneak peek into his vision of the Empire, "The Force Awakens". Fans are poring over it for clues into the story continuation. Why are the stormtroopers wearing shiny metal instead of white? Why does the light saber have three beams? And how long do we have to wait to get a B-B8 toy in our Happy Meal!? He's so roly-poly!!
Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/star-wars-episode-vii-teaser-analysis-2015-4#ixzz3Xa12gtjR
THAT NEW BOOK SMELL: NEW HOLDINGS AT FALVEY
This behemoth of a book would make any Viking proud. Woodstown: a Viking-Age settlement in Co. Waterford is considered "the definitive report on the archaeological excavations undertaken at the ninth-century Viking settlement at Woodstown, on the south bank of the River Suir, less than ten kilometres upstream from Waterford city's Viking Triangle." A weighty tome filled with detailed drawings, photographs, and charts – it's sure to please any archaeologist.
EBOOK WEEK
Green Press Initiative (GPI) is a non-profit program which takes a collaborative approach towards working with publishers, printers, paper manufacturers and others in the book and newspaper industries to minimize social and environmental impacts, including impacts on endangered forests, impacts on climate change, and impacts on communities where paper fiber is sourced. According to the organization, paper production requires large quantities of energy, making it the fourth largest industrial source of greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S.
In commemoration of the 45th anniversary of Earth Day, celebrated this year on Wednesday, April 22, we will feature an ebook, one of hundreds of thousands available to Falvey patrons. User interface, licensing polices and access vary from publisher to publisher – and we're the first to admit that it can be confusing – so feel free to contact a librarian when you need help navigating or downloading any e-resources you find in our catalog.
In order to access ebooks, enter your desired search terms as usual. When your results are returned, go to the "Refine Search" function in the right column, and click the "Internet" choice. This will then return only digitally accessible items.
Today's ebook is How to write a Thesis, Umberto Eco's wise and witty guide to researching and writing a thesis, published in English for the first time.
"Chewie, we're home." – Han Solo
If you have ideas for inclusion in The 8:30 or to Library News in general, you're invited to send them to joanne.quinn@villanova.edu.


Innovation In Clinical Trials: What Can We Expect In 2015 And Beyond?
Technology And Data Collection: What Has The Potential To Transform Clinical Trials?
Why Are More Patients Not Sitting At Your Decision Table?


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Did you know that twelve of the Titanic's passengers were of the furry quadruped variety?
This year, April 15th 2018 marks the 106th anniversary of the day the "unsinkable ship," the Titanic, sank. This historic event evokes feelings of awe and sadness each year, but more importantly it gives us an opportunity to honor those who were lost in this tragic event.
Did you know, though, that twelve of the Titanic's passengers were of the furry quadruped variety? That's right! Twelve dogs were aboard the ship when it met its fateful end. So what happened to the dogs? And how did they come to be aboard the ship in the first place?
It is a confirmed fact that 12 dogs traveled on the Titanic. All of them were accompanying their owners on the voyage to America. It is reported that amongst the variety of breeds being transported were a few Airedales, a Fox Terrier, King Charles Spaniel, Toy Poodle, French Bulldog, Chow-chow, Pekinese and two Pomeranians.
Nine of the dogs were kept in an onboard kennel facility where they were walked and fed each day. The remaining three dogs were smaller breeds and were allowed to stay in the rooms of their first-class owners.
Before the ship's early demise, a plan to hold a small dog show was in the works. Unfortunately, this idea was never realized.
Another devoted pet owner, Ann Elizabeth Isham, was already seated in a lifeboat when she realized her precious Great Dane was being left behind. She jumped back onboard and headed for the ship's kennel, but she never made it out. A few days later, she was found deceased in the icy waters, hugging the Great Dane tightly.
Happily, three of the dogs onboard did survive the sinking. They were all smaller breeds that could easily be carried by their owners. Elizabeth Rothschild escaped with her life and her small Pomeranian, Henry and Myra Harper (of Harper & Row publishing) managed to save Sun Yat-sen, their Pekinese and a Pomeranian puppy named Lady made it out with her owner, Miss Margaret Hays.
The tale of the Titanic is certainly a sad one. It reminds us that public opinion is not always right and that life shouldn't be taken for granted. But as we examine the dogs on the Titanic, we also see a timeless story of the love between pets and their owners shine through, even in the face of great tragedy. May we take today to honor that love and remember the people and animals that perished 106 years ago.


Some see darkness in clouds. We see light.
When the product is hand-crafted from as many as 30,000 ping-pong balls and each cloud chandelier is as unique as the environment in which it hangs. Seemingly weightless in appearance, these floating dynamic chandeliers open like a clam, revealing its aluminum frame for easy servicing. With optional fully programmable LED color lights, they are luminous, supple and constantly in motion – just like an afternoon cloud that gently drifts through the day.
Custom crafted for any type of space.
Cloud chandeliers have been crafted in endless forms and sizes of up to twenty feet in length. Each fixture is custom designed to accommodate its particular environments' lighting, form, and servicing needs, and they can also be rated for exterior use and installation.


text:
Q: Using What3Words without tight-coupling to "computer tech"? This question is a result of seeing a headline about Mercedes Benz adding What2Words to its in-dash navigation system. I think I understand what What3Words is about but I can't help but feel I'm missing something about how & why I'd want to use it.
In a nutshell, it places a roughly 3m x 3m grid over the planet. Each "square" is given a three word identifier. I give people the three words as my location. Great! Now that we have a basic understanding, let's meet for pizza and beer at whiskey.tango.foxtrot around 6pm.
Without using a computer, how do I find whiskey.tango.foxtrot? A street address (123 main street, anytown, USA) doesn't require any electronic tech and it even works when the power grid goes down. If I'm across the city but on the same street, I can look at the numbers and just walk. I might be 50 yards from cat.dog.chicken but how does that relate to my current position of donkey.cat.moose? I know that 250 main street, anytown, USA is fairly close to 123 main street.
A latitude / longitude coordinate pair gives me absolute location and I can estimate distance between multiple pairs. Think maps, sextants, stars, etc - you can locate yourself on the globe. Think USGS topo quad sheets. Latitude increase as you move away from the equator. Longitude increase as you move away from the Prime Meridian.
W3W seems to use a proprietary algorithm and requires using its service to decode W3W. You don't know what word is adjacent to another word and unlike lat/lon, you cannot determine direction from two words.
I understand W3W is easier to remember than addresses or coordinates but, in my opinion, the wheels quickly fall off when the technology (internet connectivity, cell service, electricity, a computer) is taken away.
I've considered using W3W on a project but determined the ease of remembering it -seemingly a huge selling point - was outweighed by actually being able to use the values.

A: There are lots of places that do not have an addressing system (think of slums) or an hard to use one (different disconnected streets having the same name, different names for the same street, very hard to find door number etc). The W3W overcomes these issues and are easier to remember than a 9 digit lat/long..
BUT, as you found, you still need a computer to translate them to an actual coordinate.

A: I don't think you can.
As you stated, the algorithm used to arrive at the location/word combination is proprietary.  So how could you do this away from the IP owner's service without them telling you their method?
Secondly, how would you or would you want to?
There is approximately 170 000 regularly used words in the English language.  3 samples gives us 8.1e14 combinations.  That is more than enough to give each square metre of surface (5.1e14) a 3-word combination.
To give each 9 metre area a unique 3-word combination using the smallest word set, you would still need about 70 000 unique words.  The average native speaker has a vocabulary of about 42 000.
So you could use single syllable, common words in higher density areas and use bigger words in the open ocean or arctic where no one is going to be meeting for coffee.  But that might mess up a easy to use method based on alphabetic order, but the alphabetic method afoul of people not being able to spell the word or weird regional changes of spelling (colour vs color).
Sadly, I think the numbers are far too large for an average human to comfortably use day-to-day without computer assistance, or a paper method that rivals road atlas of the pre-GPS era.

Another point is that while the 3-word method is accurate to a location it lack specificity.  If you are saying, 'meet me at X location' it works great but it does not work great if it is 'deliver letter to X' without tacking on an extra descriptor of how to get the letter to the proper location.  In the US, this would be no easier than a mailing address, often used for physical addresses.
In organised urban areas I don't see the advantage, personally; but in rural areas, especially parks or wilderness it would be fantastic assuming What3Words is available.  It would have an advantage over lat/lon for most people.

Personally, remembering 3 unrelated words would be far more difficult for me than an unit number, cardinal direction, and a word.


Yashwant Sinha, BJP veteran, says party has "lost moral high ground"
After his recent slapdown of the government's handling of the economy, former union minister Yashwant Sinha today said that his party has "lost the moral high ground" due to a corruption scandal involving the son of its chief Amit Shah. Yashwant Sinha, 79, said that the BJP appears guilty of many lapses: producing senior ministers to defend Mr Shah's son, entrepreneur Jay Shah, and farming out a top government lawyer, Tushar Mehta, to represent Jay Shah in court.
Jay Shah has suedThe Wire, a news website, for 100 crores for defamation for reporting his firm's revenues escalated by 16,000 times after the BJP came to power. The report also questioned allegedly unsecured loans given to Jay Shah's firms, including from a state-run firm that reports to the Power Ministry.
"The way the loan was given to Jai Shah by the Power Ministry and the way (minister) Piyush Goyal defended him, it gives the impression that there's something wrong," said Mr Sinha, whose son, Jayant Sinha, is a minister in the union government.
"Even Additional Solicitor General (Tushar Mehta) representing a private individual in court is something that never happened before," Mr Sinha, a former finance minister, said in Patna. Mr Mehta said he sought and obtained the clearance of the Law Ministry to advise Jay Shah.
"The government should order an inquiry because too many government departments are involved," said Mr Sinha, backing what the opposition has demanded. "The BJP has lost the high moral ground of zero tolerance on corruption," he added.
Last month, Mr Sinha provoked his party by expounding in detail on the economic slowdown which he attributed to the poor timing and handling of the key reforms of demonetisation and the new national sales tax or GST. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley, whom he singled out for sharp criticism, responded by describing the party veteran as "a job applicant at 80."
Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a lengthy speech last week said that pessimists were misrepresenting the slowdown of one quarter (5.7 percent growth for the last quarter) to claim an economic failure.


Your system has been banned ips whose uptimerobot.com so your system is seen down but in fact is alive. I confuse about that your server down or up. This robot checks once the server in 5 minutes so it doesn't exhaust your system or it must not a dos attacking ip. I think that your system firewall is strict because of attack. But these ips are safe. You can check these ips from this url.
if you remove these ip from the firewall's ban list, i will be pleased .
Can you please provide more details how did you noticed this and what host did you tried to reach. We will trace route from the trouble IP address location to the host in our system to review this case.
Also you can check this ip because i dont know which server is used for your server so i dont give a spesific ip.
Problem is still going on.
Are there anybody for help me?
In order our administrators to further investigate the issue could you provide us with the logs from the third party monitoring software.
There should not be a problem using the stated tool.
Problem has been solved. I think the problem must be related your firewall settings even a ddos or huge attack could be cause to this problem . Because i dont use a software. İt is a web service that you can see from http://www.uptimerobot.com but as i told the issue has been solved.
The problem has been rised up again.


3 panel cycling cap made out of pizza on light blue printed cotton and on both sides of the brim. This cap is fully lined with soft white cotton flannelette. The elastic is sewn in within the cap in between the lining and the cap so it minimizes irritation. This cap will fit a baby (4months+) to a small toddler, measures 44cm - 48cm.


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2 minute summaryBest time to goWalkingRail toursCruising the lochsWildlifeCairngorms
2 minute summary
Cruising the lochs
Walking in the Scottish Highlands
Walking in the Scottish Highlands is a sublime experience at any time of year. But ask an expert mountain guide and they'll likely tell you the best season is winter, if you're up to the challenge. Learn about Scotland's fantastic right to roam, how to dig a snow hole, and responsible walking holidays from the Cairngorms to the West Highland Way.
Home\UK\Scotland\Scottish Highlands
Scottish Highlands holidays Holidays
As winter walks go, this one has a nail-biting final stretch. Your group has been digging into the snow for several hours now, still with little sign of progress. Muscles are weary, the sun is sinking, and so is the temperature. Then, just as you're taking an interest in how fast the light is fading, starting to get a little nervous about spending the night exposed on a frozen Cairngorm mountainside, there comes a breakthrough.
The diggers have met each other in the snow halfway through and excavated a space. Now, you're all picking up your shovels and helping to widen it into a cavern, giving it structure with a vaulted roof. By nightfall, you're ensconced in a well-ventilated snow hole, wrapped up warmly in sleeping bags and clear of the cold wind outside, waiting for your guide to finish cooking up a replenishing three-course meal. You'll need it. Tomorrow morning you'll be climbing one of the highest mountains in Britain.
This is the kind of experience that Andy Bateman lives to provide for his travellers. With his partner Rebecca, Andy runs our travel partner Scot Mountain Holidays, offering expertly guided small group walking trips around their home base in the Cairngorms and further afield, to the Western Isles, Knoydart and Assynt, what Andy calls the 'Empty Quarter'. They welcome enthusiastic walkers back year after year – sometimes twice a year – and know one of the main reasons for that is the camaraderie they foster.
"Our trips, quite uniquely, provide everything in-house, either in the Cairngorms or in holiday lets elsewhere. We don't split people into different accommodations. That makes everything very sociable and relaxed, a shared experience throughout. Having a pint in the pub in the evenings, sitting down for a meal, the laughs and the stories, they're all just as much a part of the experience as climbing the mountains."
Andy fell deeply for Scotland after happy childhood holidays there. He and Rebecca have developed a range of holidays that they limit to around eight walkers, but because they offer everything themselves, from accommodation to wholesome home-cooked meals and guiding, there are technically no minimum numbers. But low take-up is unlikely. Whether you're bagging remote Munros, combining walks with whisky tastings, learning mountain navigation skills or how to dig a snow hole, you can expect plenty of good company.
Based in Aviemore – which can be reached on the overnight train from London, a journey that is as enjoyable as it is convenient – Andy and Rebecca are passionate about sharing their love for the Highlands with others. Their routes often take you to overlooked or lesser-known areas where you'll find unique views. And they make a point of employing local and highly qualified guides: people who don't just know how to get you up and down the mountains safely, but also know about the wildlife, plants, history and geology of the region.
"I see adventure tourism as being as much about cultural exchange as about engagement with nature," says Andy. "Our guides can introduce people to a family-run specialist whisky shop, a handful of distilleries, a cooperage where you can see the coopers at work. We run trips to a local woollen mill, and we always keep an eye out for little gems – shops, restaurants and other points of interest. We use locally sourced ingredients for meals as well: a friend delivers our grass-fed meat, for instance."
Our Scottish Highlands Holidays
Scotland by railway holiday
Experience authentic Scotland independently and car-free
Mountain biking holiday in Scotland
Exciting mountain biking breaks in the Scottish Highlands
Scotland luxury rail holiday
Experience Scotland in luxury and independently by train
Skye and the Inner Hebrides cruise, Scotland
A unique cruise to the Isle of Skye and the Inner Hebrides
West Highland Line railway holiday in Scotland
Take the world's best rail journey to the Isle of Skye
Autumn walking holiday in the Scottish Highlands
Explore stunning glens and valleys of Central Highlands
From £985 5 days ex flights
Isle of Mull and west coast of Scotland cruise
Cruise the idyllic coast around the Scottish Island of Mull
Walking holidays in Cairngorms
Guided Walking breaks in the Cairngorms National Park
Scotland craft weekends, felt making & natural dyeing
Traditional craft courses in the Scottish Highlands
West Highlands self catering cottage in Scotland
Argyll, Scottish West Highlands self catering cottage
From £595 to £840 per week (sleeps 4)
West Highlands guided rail tour in Scotland
Discover Scotland's Highlands & distinctive islands by train
Skye and the Small Isles cruises, Scotland
Scottish Cruise to Skye and the Small Isles in the Hebrides
Winter trekking holiday in Scotland, snowhole expedition
Winter expeditions in Scotland
Walkers accommodation in the Scottish Highlands, Scotland
Family-run walkers lodge in the Scottish highlands
From £50 to £90 2 days per room per night
Southern Hebrides and Sea Lochs of Argyll cruise
A Scottish cruise to the islands of the Inner Hebrides
West Highland Way walking holiday
The magic of walking in Scotland can be distilled into this walk
Glencoe and the Highlands walking tour, Scotland
Spectacular hiking in beautiful Highlands of Scotland
Scotland activity holiday, 8 days
Walk, cycle, kayak the breathtaking Scottish Highlands
From £760 to £1935 8 days ex flights
North West Highlands and Skye walking holiday
Explore the wild nature of the Scottish Highlands
Canoeing holiday in Scottish Highlands
Learn new canoe skills on this Scottish adventure
Caledonian Canal cruise in Scotland, via Loch Ness
Scottish Cruise taking in the Caledonian Canal and Loch Ness
Road cycling on Arran, Islay and Jura
Island-hopping cycle tour in Highlands of Scotland
Cairngorms & Royal Deeside walking holiday, Scotland
Hiking in the Cairngorms National Park
Scotland cooking and cultural holiday
Scottish cookery and culture West Highlands
Atlantic Coast sea kayaking holiday in Scotland
Paddle the Atlantic coast of the Scottish Highlands
Rail tour in North Highlands & Orkney
Scotland's geographic extremities & ancient history by train
River Spey canoeing holiday in Scotland
Scottish river canoe trip along the River Spey
Scottish Highlands wildlife holiday
See the fantastic and diverse wildlife of the Scottish Highlands
Alternative hen party weekend in Scotland
Unique hen parties in the Highlands of Scotland.
Loch Ness & Skye guided rail tour, Scotland
Discover Scotland's Highlands & Isle of Skye by Rail
See all our Scottish Highlands Holidays Give us a call
Robert Kidd, from our Scotland rail holidays partner McKinlay Kidd, is another strong advocate for getting out into the countryside: "We support the John Muir Trust, which protects Scottish wild land beyond the national parks. Scotland has this wonderful right to roam, but with that comes a need to protect flora and fauna. So they work on areas such as path maintenance and management, reforestation, restricting access to deer where necessary, trying to re-establish native forest."
The right to roam came with Scotland's Land Reform Act of 2003. Most land in Scotland is owned by just a handful of people (including the immensely wealthy landowners behind the Cairngorms Connect scheme which aims to restore species, habitats and ecosystems across a huge landscape). Since 2003, you can go pretty much anywhere without restriction for recreational or educational purposes, from mountain biking to hill running, walking or camping. Popular walks such as the Speyside Way and Badenoch Way both pass through the Cairngorms Connect area and there is a number of other marked routes linking bothie shelters. Visitors have an obligation to respect the environment and the interests of other land users.
With his love of geology and wildlife, born from a childhood of watching David Attenborough documentaries, as you walk the hills Andy will fill you in on Cairngorms Connect, the right to roam, and how the wood of the cask can so dramatically affect the quality of the whisky you're sipping.
Winter walking in the Highlands
"People often ask me what my favourite season is for walking in the Highlands and it would have to be winter, with the snow on the pine trees, and views that on clear days can go on forever. You can see Ben Nevis 80km away from the high Cairngorms. I know a lot of the other guides up here feel the same way."
Winter walking in the Highlands can be challenging, but with an experienced mountain guide such as Andy Bateman leading the way, you can leave the navigation and weather assessment to him, and just enjoy the fresh air. You'll need to be in decent shape, as walking on snow and ice requires effort, and you'll receive an explainer on how to use your crampons and ice axe before departure.
You can also learn how to dig a snow hole and spend the night in it, before ascending Cairngorm – at 1,245m, the seventh highest mountain in Britain – the next day. You don't need to be Ranulph Fiennes, but Andy will certainly have you working for your supper. "We teach snow holing as part of a wider expedition into the wilderness on the Cairngorm plateau about 1,100m up. It's hard work, digging for several hours, but then just as the light is going you break through, and widen the space up and you can get in, and we share a meal in our sleeping bags. Snow holes are actually safer than a tent, as you're in naturally sheltered areas. You could have a raging storm outside but the snow would muffle it completely. It's about zero degrees but because there's no wind chill factor, you're actually warmer than you might be in a tent on an exposed hillside in summer."
Our top Scottish Highlands Holiday
Tailor made:
This trip can be tailor made from April to the end of October.
See all our Scottish Highlands Holidays
If you'd like to chat about Scottish Highlands or need help finding a holiday to suit you we're very happy to help.
A different kind of challenge is found in the West Highland Way, one of Scotland's most famous walking routes that starts just outside Glasgow and finishes at Fort William, near the base of Ben Nevis. Self guided holidays spend a week taking you through some of the Highlands' most wondrous scenery, past Loch Lomond and Glencoe, the heather-strewn Rannoch Moor, Rob Roy's prison and a battlefield once stalked by Robert the Bruce.
These are tailor made trips so you can add in a rest day here and there if you want (or a quick ascent of Ben Lomond if your legs are up to it). Highland hotels, mountain lodges and guest houses, handpicked for their character and warmth, are pre-booked along your route and 24-hour support is a phone call away should you need it. Route notes, as well as identifying different species of plant and animals you might encounter, will also show you how you can minimise your impact on the natural environment and respect that vital right to roam.
More about Scottish Highlands
Scottish Highlands travel guide
Learn why the best holidays in the Scottish Highlands are those that deliberately slow you down.
Best time to visit the Scottish Highlands
The Scottish Highlands are a year-round destination with every season bringing distinct pleasures.
Rail tours through the Scottish Highlands
Rail tours through the Highlands immerse you in wild, remote landscapes where roads don't go.
Cruising the lochs of the Scottish Highlands
Sail between freshwater lochs along the Caledonian Canal or around the sea lochs of Argyll.
Wildlife in the Scottish Highlands
The wildlife you can expect to see, when and where to go, and why join a specialist guided holiday.
Things to see & do in the Cairngorms
Holidays in the Cairngorms open the doors to the biggest national park in the UK.
Our Scotland travel guide reveals a land full of wildlife, and mountainous and marine magnificence.
Written by Rob Perkins
Photo credits: [Page banner: Danka & Peter] [Topbox: Robbie Shade] [Snowholing (Paul Tomkins via): Scot Mountain Holidays] [West Highland Way: Krisjanis Mezulis]


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Виклиф има више значења:
 Виклиф (Оклахома)
 Виклиф (Кентаки)
 Виклиф (Охајо)


Download and install Jpcap RPM package.
For some distributions (e.g., Mandriva), JDK6 is also installed automatically.
However, for some distributions (e.g., Fedora Core), you have to manually install Sun's JDK6 for Linux as a RPM package before installing Jpcap RPM package.
Download and install Jpcap Debian package.
For some distributions (e.g., Ubuntu), JDK6 is also installed automatically.
For some distributions (e.g., Debian GNU/Lunux), you may have to edit apt-line (e.g., include "no-free") before installing Jpcap Debian package. Also, you may have to update your GLIBC to version 2.4 or higher.
If you cannot install using RPM/Debian package, you can try to build form the source.
Both Java and libpcap are preinstalled on Mac OS X.
If any of them is missing you should be able to install them from the Mac OS X install DVD.
The default installation of Xcode should provide you with the toolchain required for compiling Jpcap.
Download and extract Jpcap source build.
Go to '[Jpcap extracted directory]/src/c' directory.
Copy 'libjpcap.jnilib' to '/Library/Java/Extensions/' directory.
Or, place 'jpcap.jar' to any directory and include it to your CLASSPATH.
Make sure you have 'gcc' and 'make' installed to compile Jpcap.
Other software/packages may be necessary (for example, you need 'build-essential' package to install on Ubuntu).
Download and install lipcap (ver.0.9.4 or later) if not installed.
Copy 'libjpcap.so' to '[Java installed directory]/jre/lib/<arch>'. <arch> is either 'i386' or 'sparc'.
Or, if you are using Java 6, copy 'libjpcap.so' to '/usr/java/packages/lib/ext'.
Or, place 'libjpcap.so' in the directory where your application is located.
Copy '[Jpcap extracted directory]/lib/jpcap.jar' to '/usr/lib' or '[Java installed directory]/jre/lib/ext'.
Or, place 'jpcap.jar' to any directory and include it in your CLASSPATH.


Our goal is to help you reach your life goals. Over time, we can help you get an accurate grasp of your current financial situation, future needs and dreams. Then, we can work with you to build strategies designed to help make your dreams a reality.
AT A FORK IN THE ROAD, IF YOU DON'T KNOW where YOU WANT TO GO, HOW WILL YOU KNOW which road TO TAKE?
Let us help you figure out your life goals and set the strategies that will help you reach them.


Last week was Reading Week. While many students take the week as an opportunity to spend their parents money on cheap vacations down south, I believe I have spent every Reading Week I've ever had working. This year was no exception, except that I didn't get paid for it. Unless you consider experience payment. And I do. So I did. I guess. Get paid. What? Gah.
What I'm trying to say is… I spent half of my reading week working/interning as a Production Assistant on a pilot for what will hopefully become a television show for the Comedy Network starring stand-up comedian Tim Steeves.
The whole experience was really quite interesting as the only experience I've ever had with television, apart from watching copious amounts of it as a child and teen, was going to a taping of The Ron James Show earlier this year, and taking a tour of NBC Studios when I visited New York a few years back. It was neat to get to see the inside of the CTV Masonic Temple, to see the place go from an empty stage and space, into the Tim Steeves project – an idea that's gone as far as it possibly can before actually making it onto television.
They did teach us about the process of pitching television pilots at Humber, but there's no doubt something more tangible about working on the real deal.
hanging out with the Luke, Rachel & Eli.
What an ultimately thrilling experience! It's funny how even sitting and waiting are made that much more exciting when you're in a TV studio.
This little taste of DOING TV Comedy was delicious and I hunger for more. Much much more.


text:
FASB moves forward with new model for financial instrument impairment
BY KEN TYSIAC
FASB Financial Accounting & Reporting
FASB's new model for impairment of financial instruments is clearing hurdles as the board pursues a different path than its international counterpart on expected credit loss.
The revised credit impairment model FASB is developing will be re-exposed separately from tentative proposals on the classification and measurement of financial instruments, according to a summary of tentative board decisions posted on FASB's website. Tentative FASB decisions can be changed at future board meetings and are included in an exposure draft only after a formal written ballot.
The board has continued to move forward with the "Current Expected Credit Loss" (CECL) model it has been developing separately from the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) since July.
In a project that has been pursued jointly with the IASB, FASB in July decided to take a step back from the so-called "three-bucket" impairment model the boards had been developing for financial instruments.
Addressing concerns from stakeholders, FASB has been working separately from the IASB to develop the CECL model for impairment. Stakeholders had been concerned about the understandability, operability, and auditability of the three-bucket model, as well as whether it would measure risk appropriately.
The CECL model retains the three-bucket model's main concept of expected credit loss, and the current recognition of the effects of credit deterioration on collectibility expectations.
But the CECL model uses a single measurement objective—current estimate of expected credit losses—rather than the dual-measurement approach used in the three-bucket model. The dual-measurement approach requires a "transfer notion" to differentiate between financial assets that are required to use a credit impairment measurement objective of "12 months of expected credit losses" and those that are required to use a credit impairment measurement objective of "lifetime expected credit losses."
The CECL model would require that at each reporting date, an entity would reflect a credit impairment allowance for its current estimate of the expected credit losses on financial assets held. The estimate of expected credit losses would reflect management's estimate of the contractual cash flows that the entity does not expect to collect and is neither a best case nor a worst case scenario.
This week, FASB tentatively decided to move forward with the CECL model without broadly considering the accounting for modifications. The CECL model would apply to all modified instruments where expected credit losses are based on the expected shortfall in contractual cash flows and discounted using the effective interest rate post-modification.
To accomplish this, the guidance in ASC Subtopic 310-40 would be amended. The amendment would require that when a troubled debt restructuring is executed, the cost basis of the asset should be adjusted so that the effective interest rate after modification is the same as the original effective interest rate, given the new series of contractual cash flows.
The basis adjustment would be calculated as the amortized cost basis before modification less the present value of the modified contractual cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate.
FASB tentatively decided that a cumulative-effect approach would be used as a transition method for the CECL model. A cumulative-effect adjustment would be recorded on an entity's statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective.
The IASB has been monitoring FASB's credit loss model discussions but has not pulled back from its commitment to the three-bucket model. At next week's meeting, the IASB staff plans to provide the IASB with feedback from stakeholders related to the operational aspects of the proposed impairment model.
Both boards have targeted the fourth quarter of this year for EDs on impairment of financial instruments.
— Ken Tysiac ( ktysiac@aicpa.org ) is a JofA senior editor.