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Tennessee Senate Considers Bill to Allow First Responders to Live Outside the Jurisdictions They Serve
January 8, 2021 Jason M. Reynolds
State Senator Brian Kelsey (R-Germantown) on Wednesday filed SB 29 which would allow first responders to live where they choose, the Tennessee Senate Republican Caucus said in a statement.
Kelsey posted on the caucus' Facebook page, "This is a public safety bill. It will enable us to hire more police officers, which will help us fight our rising crime rates."
Newsfirefighters, first responder, Jerome Moon, law enforcement, Memphis, Michael Rallings, police, Police Staffing, State Senator Brian Kelsey, Tennessee, Tennessee Senate Republican Caucus, Thomas MaloneLeave a comment
Baltimore Police Department Say They Need 500 Additional Officers to Stem City-Wide Crime Spike
After another violent weekend with a number of homicides and shootings in the city, the Baltimore City Fraternal Order of Police (FOP) called out Police Commissioner Michael Harrison Tuesday morning, saying more officers have left the department than have been hired during his tenure, leaving the police department 500 officers short.
WJZ reported there were seven non-fatal shootings and five murders over the weekend in Mayor Brandon Scott's (D) Baltimore, and another fatal shooting in broad daylight Monday, bringing the homicide total to 325 so far this year.
National, NewsBaltimore, Baltimore Police Department, policeLeave a comment
Detroit Sues Black Lives Matter Members, Claims They Endangered 'Lives of Police and the Public'
Officials in Detroit sued a prominent activist group and several Black Lives Matter demonstrators for damages following allegations of riots, violence and a "civil conspiracy" to defame local authorities.
The suit was filed against multiple individuals and an organization called Detroit Will Breathe, which indicates on its webpage that it plans to use "militant resistance" to enact "meaningful change" for people of color. City leaders allege that the group was part of a conspiracy to damage property, attack law enforcement and incite riot activity, the lawsuit read.
National, NewsBLM, Detroit, policeLeave a comment
Police Association Releases Number of Officers Injured During Violent Riots
December 4, 2020 December 3, 2020 Minnesota Sun Staff
A professional association of police chiefs and sheriffs from across the country announced more than 2,000 law enforcement officers were injured in the first weeks of protests that erupted over the summer following the police killing of George Floyd, according to a report released in October.
The Major Cities Chiefs Association, comprised of local law enforcement heads from the 69 largest police agencies in the United States and nine in Canada, revealed compiled data from protests between May 25 and July 31 in the association's member cities.
National, NewsGeorge Floyd Protests, police, Police InjuriesLeave a comment
Plans to Disarm Portland State Campus Police on Hold After Too Many Quit
November 21, 2020 November 20, 2020 Minnesota Sun Staff
Portland State University announced in August its plan to disarm campus police officers by replacing their firearms with tasers, but those plans have been put on a temporary hold.
The plan to disarm officers was announced earlier in 2020 after rallies and protesters at PSU called for justice for Jason Washington, who was killed by officers in 2018. Campus Reform reported on the efforts of PSU students and staff to disarm officers in 2019.
National, Newspolice, Portland, Portland State UniversityLeave a comment
Portland Protesters Set Fire at Police Building, 14 Arrested
September 26, 2020 September 25, 2020 The Associated Press
Protesters in Portland late Thursday set fire to plywood attached to the front door of a police union building in Oregon's largest city and clashed with officers, who made 14 arrests, police said in a statement.
National, NewsArrests, Chris Davis, Oregon, police, PortlandLeave a comment
High School Football Team Banned from Waving Pro-Police Flag After Online Backlash
September 24, 2020 September 23, 2020 Minnesota Sun Staff
A Florida High School has reportedly banned their football team from waving a flag meant to memorialize a police officer after critics said the display is racist.
The Fletcher High School football team had been running onto the field with the pro-law enforcement sign since last year to honor one of the player's late father, a former cop who died suddenly in August 2019 after 29 years on the job. However the display was stopped this week after complaints, News4Jax reported.
National, NewsFletcher High School, Football, law enforcement, policeLeave a comment
Arizona State University Journalism School Removes People, News Items Decried as too Pro-Police
In the last four months the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University has repeatedly removed pro-police related items after students and activists cried foul.
In June, the school rescinded a job offer to the new dean of its journalism school, Sonya Forte Duhé, after students accused her of past microaggressions and other insensitive comments. Mostly notably, Duhé had recently tweeted support for "good police officers who keep us safe."
National, NewsArizona, Arizona State University, censorship, Cronkite School, Journalism, policeLeave a comment
Assistant Principal on Administrative Leave After Expletive-Laced Facebook Video Surfaces
September 8, 2020 September 7, 2020 Minnesota Sun Staff
A New York assistant principal has been placed on administrative leave after he recorded himself at Rochester protests screaming "F-k the police," video shows.
Ninth-grade Advanced Placement school teacher Steven Lysenko attended Rochester protests where he took a Facebook Live video of himself screaming about police while wearing a Black Lives Matter shirt in a video, the New York Post reported. Lysenko did not immediately respond to a request for comment from the Daily Caller News Foundation.
National, NewsBlack Lives Matter, BLM, Facebook Live, police, protest, Rochester, Rochester Police, Steven LysenkoLeave a comment
Commentary: Joe Biden Is Soft on Crime, But Hard on Police
The Democrats have always been the party that coddled criminals. It is now the party that canonizes them. While Democrat-run cities burn across the country, Biden concerns himself with masks and Hatch Act violations. He strains at the gnat and swallows the camel.
Commentary, Newscriminals, Democrats, Joe Biden, policeLeave a comment
Police Officers Were Compared to Slave Owners and KKK Members in an Assignment Given at a Texas School
An assignment given to students at a Texas school included a political cartoon comparing police officers to slave owners and Klu Klux Klan members, the Fort Worth Star-Telegram reported.
The cartoon reportedly depicted five scenes, allegedly starting with a slave ship officer who was kneeling on a black man's neck and ended with a police officer kneeling on a black man's neck with text saying "I can't breathe," the Star-tribune reported.
National, NewsKKK, police, public education, Slave OwnersLeave a comment
DNC Panel Features 'Mermaid Queen-King' Who Calls for the Abolition of ICE, Police, and Prisons
The Democratic National Convention on Tuesday featured a panelist who identifies as a "nonbinary/gender transcendent mermaid Queen-King" and who called for the abolition of the police, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and prisons.
According to the panelist's Wake Forest University bio, J Mai is a "Black-Vietnamese, transgender nonbinary/gender transcendent mermaid Queen-King," who recently became a "licensed minister in the Progressive National Baptist Church."
National, Newsdefund the police, DNC, ICE, policeLeave a comment
Study Shows Collective Bargaining, Now Reinstated in Virginia, Shields Police Officers from Discipline
August 10, 2020 August 9, 2020 Minnesota Sun Staff
A recent study of collectively bargained deals negotiated by police unions nationwide found these deals often scale back accountability and shield police from disciplinary action.
Before this year, public-sector collective bargaining was banned in Virginia. But after Democrats won control of the House and Senate, party leaders were able to pass legislation to end that prohibition, and Gov. Ralph Northam signed it into law. The law will go into effect in May 2021.
National, Newscollective bargaining, law enforcement, police, public sector unions, VirginiaLeave a comment
Less Than One in Eight Excessive Force Complaints Are Substantiated, NYPD Complaint Data Shows
August 6, 2020 August 5, 2020 Minnesota Sun Staff
According to recently released NYPD complaint data, less than 13% of excessive use of force complaints filed against New York Police Department officers is substantiated.
The raw data was published by ProPublica, which obtained it from the New York Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB). The database includes every complaint against active-duty officers who've had at least one complaint substantiated.
National, NewsExcessive Force Complaints, law enforcement, NYPD, policeLeave a comment
Commentary: Expect a Big Back Lash Against the Left If Joe Biden Fails to Denounce Riots and Threaten Defunding the Police
It is former Vice President Joe Biden, and not President Donald Trump, who has a political problem due to ongoing riots in the aftermath of the death of George Floyd as public backlash against the political left has begun seeping into public attitudes concerning the race for president in 2020.
On July 28, as attention was focused on attempts by radical leftist mobs led by Antifa to burn a federal courthouse in Portland, Oreg. to the ground, Biden issued a weak statement unbelievably blaming President Donald Trump and federal law enforcement for the riots.
Commentary, NewsBLM, Democrats, Joe Biden, police, The LeftLeave a comment
Analysis: Black People Do Not Suffer Disproportionately from Police Brutality
A recent New York Times article by Jeremy W. Peters claims it is a "fact" "that black people suffer disproportionately from police brutality." He also asserts that President Trump's rejection of this accusation is "racially inflammatory" and "racially divisive." To the contrary, comprehensive facts show that this allegation against police is false. Furthermore, this deception has stoked racial divides and driven people to despise and even murder police officers.
National, NewsBlack Lives Matter, Black People, policeLeave a comment
66 Percent of Americans Believe Civilians Should Have the Power to Sue Police for Using Excessive Force: Poll
More than 60% of Americans support allowing people to sue police officers for using excessive force against assailants, even if such a move makes the job of police work more difficult, according to a survey published Thursday.
Two-thirds of the public believe civilians should be able to level lawsuits if police officers are engaging in misconduct, a Pew Research Center survey showed. Law enforcement officers are protected through qualified immunity, a doctrine protecting them from civil liability unless they commit clear violations of law.
National, NewsExcessive Force, police, Qualified ImmunityLeave a comment
Commentary: The Impossibility of a Police-Less Society
June 28, 2020 June 27, 2020 Minnesota Sun Staff
The hue and cry for a police-less society is serious stuff. For some advocates, the term "defund the police" refers simply to making victimless crimes (drug use, etc.) the responsibility of social workers rather than police officers. But to others it means eliminating law enforcement entirely.
Is such a condition possible? Can a society function without any law enforcement agents?
Commentary, Newsdefund the police, law enforcement, police, SocietyLeave a comment
Minneapolis Council Members Who Want to Abolish Police Have Received $63,000 in Private Security
June 28, 2020 June 27, 2020 Anthony Gockowski
Minneapolis has spent $63,000 on private security for three council members who want to abolish the city's police department.
Council Member Phillipe Cunningham confirmed the report in a statement released on Twitter Friday night.
Battleground States, Minnesota, News, The Upper-Midwestabolish police, defund police, Jacob Frey, Lisa Bender, Minneapolis, Minneapolis City Council, Minneapolis Police Department, Minnesota, police, Twin CitiesLeave a comment
More Than 75 Percent of Americans Approve of Police in Their Community: Poll
There is a disparity between how Americans view policing countrywide and how they view policing in their own communities, a national poll found.
Seventy-seven percent of respondents said they approved of how their local police did their job, according to the Quinnipiac poll released Wednesday. Debate over police reform has been heating up in the wake of the death of George Floyd, who died in Minneapolis police custody May 25 after an officer knelt on his neck, video showed. Floyd's death has been the catalyst for protests and riots across the country.
National, NewsBlue Lives Matter, law enforcement, policeLeave a comment
Seven Minneapolis Officers Quit, More Expected to Resign: 'Everybody Hates the Police Right Now'
June 15, 2020 June 14, 2020 The Associated Press
At least seven Minneapolis police officers have quit and another seven are in the process of resigning, citing a lack of support from department and city leaders as protests over George Floyd's death escalated.
Battleground States, Michigan, Minnesota, News, Ohio, The Upper-MidwestGeorge Floyd, Ilhan Omar, law enforcement, Minneapolis, Minneapolis Police Department, Minnesota, policeLeave a comment
Truck Drivers Say They Won't Deliver to Cities That Defund Police Departments
As Minneapolis prepares to "abolish" its police force, a recent survey found that most truck drivers won't deliver to cities with defunded or disbanded police departments.
According to a survey from CDLLife, a resource site for the trucking industry, 79 percent of truck drivers said they will refuse to deliver freight to cities with defunded police departments.
Battleground States, Michigan, Minnesota, News, Ohio, The Upper-Midwestabolish police, George Floyd, Minneapolis, Minneapolis City Council, Minnesota, police, police departments, truck driver, truckingLeave a comment
Two-Thirds of Americans Don't Want to Defund Police: Poll
A majority of Americans disagree with the call to defund the police and the proposed reallocation of funding, a national poll taken amid demonstrations for George Floyd found.
Almost two-thirds of Americans are against defunding law enforcement while 34% agree with the movement, according to an ABC News/Ipsos poll released Friday. When asked about reducing the police budget to put resources toward other health and social programs, 60% of Americans opposed the idea while 39% supported it.
National, NewsBlack Lives Matter, defund the police, policeLeave a comment
Defunding and Abolishing the Police Are Attempts to Overthrow the Government and Instill a New Order
June 12, 2020 Minnesota Sun Staff
America is on the brink.
In the wake of the murder and manslaughter of George Floyd by former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin, and in the nationwide protests and sometime riots that have already claimed 21 lives, there is a growing movement to defund or even to abolish the police in municipalities across America in pursuit of "alternatives" to public safety.
Commentary, NewsGeorge Floyd, government, policeLeave a comment
California Sheriff: Gunman 'Very Intent' on Killing Police
June 10, 2020 June 9, 2020 The Associated Press
An Air Force sergeant and leader in an elite military security force was armed with homemade bombs, an AR-15 rifle and other weapons and had a desire to harm police when he launched a deadly attack on unsuspecting officers, a Northern California sheriff said Monday.
Gunfire and explosives rained down from a hillside Saturday afternoon as Staff Sgt. Steven Carrillo fired from the high ground onto police who scrambled to find cover and defend themselves, Santa Cruz County Sheriff Jim Hart said.
National, NewsDamon Gutzwiller, police, Sgt. Steven CarrilloLeave a comment
Growing Support to 'Abolish Police' Among Minneapolis Progressives
June 7, 2020 June 6, 2020 Anthony Gockowski
George Floyd's death has given new life to a leftist movement to abolish the police, an idea with broad support among the Minneapolis City Council and the progressive wing of the DFL Party.
Just a day after Floyd's death, state Rep. Aisha Gomez (DFL-Minneapolis) released a nearly 500-word statement on "why we talk about police abolition."
Battleground States, Minnesota, News, The Upper-Midwest#mnleg, abolish police, Aisha Gomez, George Floyd, Ilhan Omar, law enforcement, Minneapolis, Minneapolis City Council, Minnesota, police, Raymond Dehn1 Comment
Abolishing the Police Is Becoming a More Popular Idea Among Left-Wingers
June 6, 2020 June 5, 2020 Minnesota Sun Staff
Support for abolishing or defunding the police is quickly gaining support among left-wingers.
Prominent liberal figures are increasingly embracing the radical idea amid the nationwide protests and violence following the death of George Floyd.
National, NewsDemocrats, George Floyd, policeLeave a comment
Districts Jettison School Police Officers Amid Protests
June 6, 2020 June 5, 2020 The Associated Press
An increasing number of cities are rethinking the presence of school resource officers as they respond to the concerns of thousands of demonstrators — many of them young — who have filled the streets night after night to protest the death of George Floyd.
Portland Public Schools, Oregon's largest school district, on Thursday cut its ties with the Portland Police Bureau, joining other urban districts from Minneapolis to Denver that are mulling the fate of such programs. Protesters in some cities, including Portland, have demanded the removal of the officers from schools.
National, Newspolice, Portland School District, School Police OfficersLeave a comment
Minneapolis Bans Police Chokeholds, Neck Restraints in Wake of George Floyd Death
June 6, 2020 The Associated Press
Minneapolis agreed Friday to ban chokeholds by police and to require officers to try to stop any other officers they see using improper force, in the first concrete steps to remake the city's police department since George Floyd's death.
The changes are part of a stipulation between the city and the Minnesota Department of Human Rights, which launched a civil rights investigation this week in response to the death of Floyd. The City Council approved the agreement 12-0.
Battleground States, Minnesota, News, The Upper-MidwestGeorge Floyd, Jacob Frey, Minneapolis, Minneapolis City Council, Minnesota, police, protests, riotsLeave a comment
Poll: Black and White Americans Divided Over Coronavirus Concerns and Trust in Police
A new poll finds a racial divide among Americans when asked about trust in law enforcement and fears surrounding coronavirus.
When asked if they trusted local police, 77% of white Americans said yes, while only 36% of black Americans agreed, according to an Axios/Ipsos poll.
National, NewsBlack Americans, Coronavirus, police, White AmericansLeave a comment
Minneapolis Council Member Says City Council Looking Into 'Disbanding' Police, Making Modern 'Policing a Thing of the Past'
Minneapolis Council Member Steve Fletcher said Tuesday that he and his colleagues are looking into "what it would take to disband" the Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) and "start fresh."
In a lengthy statement posted to Twitter, Fletcher said the behavior of Police Officers Federation of Minneapolis President Bob Kroll demonstrates that "the department is irredeemably beyond reform." Kroll was widely condemned this week after a letter to his fellow officers was leaked to the press. In the letter, Kroll said the officers involved in the death of George Floyd were fired "without due process."
Battleground States, Minnesota, News, The Upper-MidwestBob Kroll, George Floyd, Minneapolis, Minneapolis City Council, Minneapolis Police Department, Minnesota, police, protest, riots3 Comments
NJ Issues Citation to Woman Who Dared Organize Protest Against Stay At Home Order, a Gathering that Attorney General Calls 'Nonsense'
April 19, 2020 April 18, 2020 Jason M. Reynolds
A New Jersey woman was cited by police for organizing a protest against the state's stay at home order.
NewsAttorney General, Gurbir S. Grewal, Kim Pagan, New Jersey, police, protest, TrentonLeave a comment
Ellison Working Group Recommends Implicit Bias Training for All Police
March 2, 2020 March 1, 2020 Anthony Gockowski
A working group on police-involved shootings convened by Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison has recommended implicit bias training for all of the state's law enforcement officers.
Battleground States, Minnesota, News, The Upper-Midwest#mnag, Keith Ellison, law enforcement, Minnesota, police, Police ShootingsLeave a comment
Minneapolis Police Receive Mandatory Training on Gender Pronouns
December 6, 2019 December 5, 2019 Anthony Gockowski
Officers in the Minneapolis Police Department were required to sit in on a lecture about the "infinite number" of gender pronouns, a source told The Minnesota Sun.
Battleground States, Minnesota, News, The Upper-Midwestgender pronouns, LGBT, Minneapolis, Minneapolis Police Department, Philando Castile, police, pronouns, training, transgender9 Comments
Commentary: The Myth of an Epidemic of Racist Police Shootings Is Wrong and Dangerous
A dangerous myth has been propagated by the media: that there is an epidemic of racially biased shootings of black people (primarily black men) in America, by the police.
Commentary, NewsCrime Statistics, police, Police ShootingsLeave a comment
EXCLUSIVE: Internal Document Sheds Light on How Minneapolis-Area Hennepin County Wants to Handle Officer Involved Shootings
November 14, 2019 November 15, 2019 Anthony Gockowski
An internal document obtained by The Minnesota Sun sheds light on how the Hennepin County Attorney's Office (HCAO) plans to handle officer-involved shootings (OIS).
Battleground States, Minnesota, News, The Upper-MidwestHCAO, Hennepin County, Hennepin County Attorney's Office, law enforcement, Minneapolis, Minnesota, police1 Comment
Law Enforcement Leader Says New Hennepin County Policy Continues 'Pattern of Vilifying Police'
November 11, 2019 January 7, 2020 Anthony Gockowski
A local law enforcement leader said in a recent op-ed that prosecutors in Hennepin and Ramsey counties "have turned on cops" in response to an exclusive report from The Minnesota Sun.
Battleground States, BG-TN, Minnesota, News, The Upper-MidwestHennepin County, law enforcement, Minnesota, police, Ramsey CountyLeave a comment
Battleground States, BG-TN, Minnesota, News, The Upper-MidwestHennepin County, law enforcement, Minnesota, police, Ramsey County2 Comments
EXCLUSIVE: Hennepin County Attorney's Office on New Protocol: 'No Privacy Rights in a Criminal Investigation'
October 30, 2019 January 2, 2020 Anthony Gockowski
Police departments in Hennepin County were recently notified by the Hennepin County Attorney's Office that the personal cellphones of officers involved in "critical incidents" will be subject to search and seizure, a source familiar with the situation told The Minnesota Sun.
Battleground States, Minnesota, News, The Upper-MidwestHennepin County Attorney's Office, Minnesota, police9 Comments
Commentary: Like It or Not, War Is coming to the Right
A coalition between the Democratic Party and left-wing militants is coming into view, manifesting as a combined arms approach of state and non-state actors working to suppress political dissent. It is paradoxically authoritarian and anti-establishmentarian, using law enforcement bureaus to effect their designs while simultaneously placing officers and agents in harm's way.
Commentary, NewsAntifa, bias, Civil War, Leftists, police, politics, WarLeave a comment
Minneapolis and St. Paul Police Chiefs Plead for More Officers
September 7, 2019 September 6, 2019 Anthony Gockowski
The police chiefs for both the Minneapolis Police Department and St. Paul Police Department have asked for an increase in officers, but so far their requests have been mostly ignored.
Battleground States, Minnesota, News, The Upper-MidwestMayor Jacob Frey, Mayor Melvin Carter, Minneapolis, Minnesota, police, St. Paul, Twin Cities8 Comments
Police Release Photo of Person of Interest in Sexual Assault at GOP Fair Booth
September 1, 2019 August 31, 2019 Anthony Gockowski
The Minnesota State Fair Police Department has released a photo of a woman wanted in connection to the sexual assault of a Republican volunteer at the GOP's state fair booth.
Battleground States, Minnesota, News, The Upper-MidwestDFL, GOP, Jennifer Carnahan, Minnesota, Minnesota State Fair, policeLeave a comment
Minneapolis Mayor Frey's Budget Address Repeatedly Shut Down by Anti-Police Protesters
August 19, 2019 August 18, 2019 Anthony Gockowski
Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey requested the funds for 14 additional law enforcement officers in his 2020 budget, even though Minneapolis Police Chief Medaria Arradondo said his department needs 400 new officers by 2025.
Battleground States, Minnesota, News, The Upper-MidwestJacob Frey, Jamar Clark, Mayor Jacob Frey, Minneapolis, Minneapolis City Council, Minneapolis Police Department, Minnesota, police3 Comments
Analysis: New York Times Spreads Falsehood That Motivated Murders of Police
This week, the New York Times published an article that gives credence to a fiction that stoked riots in Ferguson, Missouri, sparked the "Black Lives Matter" movement, and provoked murders of police officers.
News, UncategorizedNew York Times, police, Washington PostLeave a comment
Volunteers Boost 'Police Week' Michigan
July 4, 2019 July 3, 2019 Abigail Nobel
Volunteers in Michigan are building a movement to showcase grassroots appreciation for local police after years of negative press nationwide. "There is an organic synergy that is taking place in Michigan: it's like the state was waiting for this to happen," said Amy Hawkins, Citizen Chair of Police Week Michigan.…
NewsBattleground State, Michigan, policeLeave a comment
Bill Would Change Ohio Workers' Compensation for First Responders with PTSD
by Todd DeFeo Emergency personnel in Ohio who suffer work-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) could soon be eligible to file a workers' compensation claim even if they do not experience an accompanying physical injury. Current law prohibits workers' compensation claims for psychological conditions without an underlying physical condition. However,…
Newsfirefighters, first responders, paramedics, police, post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD, workers' compensationLeave a comment
Former Minneapolis Police Officer and Convicted Murderer Mohamed Noor Sued for Pulling Gun on Man During Routine Traffic Stop
May 24, 2019 May 23, 2019 Anthony Gockowski
Former Minneapolis Police Officer Mohamed Noor is now being sued by a man who claims Noor pulled a gun on him during a routine traffic stop just months before the murder of Justine Ruszczyk Damond. The lawsuit, which was obtained by KSTP, was filed by Minneapolis resident Brian Oman,…
Battleground States, BG-TN, Minnesota, News, The Upper-MidwestJustine Damond, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Mohamed Noor, MPD, policeLeave a comment
War on Cops Producing 'Crisis' Level Shortfall of Police Officers in Minnesota
December 14, 2018 December 13, 2018 Anthony Gockowski
The national "war on cops" has produced a "crisis" level shortfall of police officers in Minnesota prompting state leaders to launch a new initiative aimed at combating these alarming trends. At a Wednesday press conference, the Minnesota Chiefs of Police Association (MCPA) announced its new "Wear the Badge" initiative, a…
Battleground States, Minnesota, News, The Upper-MidwestBob Kroll, Medaria Arradondo, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Minnesota Chiefs of Police Association, police, Police Officers Federation of Minneapolis2 Comments
ICE: Mexican National Released by Sanctuary County in New Jersey Went on to Commit Triple Murder
by Will Racke A Mexican national charged with killing three people in Missouri in early November was released from a New Jersey county jail in 2017, despite being the subject an active immigration detention request, federal authorities said Friday. Luis Perez, 23, allegedly killed two of his ex-roommates in…
NewsICE, illegal immigration, Luis Rodrigo Perez, murder, policeLeave a comment
Migrant Killed as Second Caravan Clashes with Mexican Border Police
by Will Racke Several hundred Central American migrants tried to force their way past police at a checkpoint on the Mexico-Guatemala border Sunday, sparking clashes that left one migrant dead and dozens more injured. The group of mostly Honduran men had broken through a gate leading to the border…
News, UncategorizedCaravan, Mexico, migrant, policeLeave a comment


The Republican leadership in Congress lost this election. Trump saved the economy for them, but that wasn't enough. Team Ryan failed to deliver to the conservative base. If you protest, then please consider that we still have Obamacare, open borders, government-funded abortion, and gun regulations that infringe on our rights. Ryan built that, and his inaction will sink the Republican Party for years. I don't expect things to change even though the Republicans remain in power for the next two months.
Maybe Speaker Ryan is holding the Republican party hostage.
If so, then the GOP needs a rescue team..and fast.
It shocked me to see this unfold, but my Spanish friends were not surprised. They said, 'You are becoming like us.' Through their strong Spanish accent, it was easy to hear the deep sadness in their voices.
Because they were gun owners, these Spaniards told me about the restrictions they face. It takes six months to buy your first gun. Ammunition is controlled. Target scopes and airsoft guns are also regulated. Shooting is out of reach for most Spaniards and is a rich man's sport. Spain should be a non-violent paradise if gun-control worked.
It doesn't. There are no-go areas controlled by the mafia and the Muslims in some of Spain's southern cities. There are plenty of unregistered military arms left over from the Spanish civil war of the 1930s. There are new guns as well, and Spanish gun owners talk about finding new AK-47s on the beach and on the side of the road where smugglers move contraband and illegal immigrants. Criminals have all the guns they want, but there is no right of self-defense for honest Spanish citizens. This sounded all too familiar.
My friends at the Spanish shooting range were also businessmen, so we had to talk about the Spanish economy. Spain is socialist, though the mayor of Madrid is a communist. The official unemployment rate is now over 15 percent, but that is down from a recent high of over 26 percent. Tax rates and government debt are frighteningly high. If that wasn't bad enough, there is the inquisition of the Spanish bureaucracy.
The shooting ranges I visited, and others I heard about, may take months or even years to get approval to open or to change how they operate. These are the shooting ranges used by the police to train their officers, so I assume it is worse for the smaller ranges used mostly by civilians.
Spain, the country that once produced great artists and cathedrals, now exports its young people as they leave the country to find jobs. One of the best preparations your children can have in school is a foreign language. Mature businesses in Spain also have an exit strategy to leave the country. These businesses invest here in the USA.
Perhaps that is why Spanish businessmen follow US politics. They know the states that are bad for business; California's bad reputation is international. I sympathized since I fled California myself. Florida's reputation is in decline since their incoming Senate president took a bribe from a liberal billionaire. These businessmen mentioned Texas as being good for business, but they follow our political intrigues.
We held similar views of the mass media. These sophisticated Spaniards know their government-regulated media in Spain slants the news. We shared our contempt for the biased mainstream media.
Their perspective influenced my reaction to this last election. We saw politicians and rich billionaires follow their interests as they sacrificed ours. Only a biased media could call that a victory for the people.
It sounds cliche, but the US is a beacon of freedom to the world. We don't need an invasion of Honduran leftists to work here in the US. The US could have the best minds in the world..if we act right. They too are yearning to breathe free.


Posted on June 4, 2018 by Victoria Patti.
This is the monthly Blacksmith Buzz Bulletin. Where you get the low-down about upcoming classes and events that are happening in the following month, though this month I'll be telling you about classes and events happening in July 2018.


text:
A scale-up the region can be proud of
Sarat Pediredla
Last week was one of the most exciting in hedgehog lab's journey to date.
Alas, we can't tell you more just yet - but watch this space and keep an eye on the local and national tech press; all will be revealed next week. What we can say is that, in the midst of all, we received two major pats on the back, reinforcing what we knew already: that we're headed in the right direction.
Firstly, I was honoured to be shortlisted in the Scale-Up category of the Great British Entrepreneur Awards, sponsored by NatWest.
At the risk of blowing my own trumpet - oh, go on then! - this is a major achievement in itself, since not only do the awards attract the best of UK business, but this year, entry quality was of a particularly high standard.
Of course, I couldn't have done it without a great team behind me.
Hence, I'm delighted to say that just one day later we received the news that the business had reached the final of the Digital Entrepreneur Awards.
This is another tremendous initiative, which aims to celebrate the very best of the UK's digital talent, from start-ups to major corporates.
We're up against six other cracking companies from the North, all competing for the title of Digital Agency of the Year, which will be announced at a black tie dinner in Manchester in November.
Of course, it's easy to be cynical about awards - I'm cynical every time I lose! But shortlistings of this calibre surely speak volumes and cause one to reflect on the hard work that led to them.
A decade ago, when Mark and I established hedgehog lab, we knew little about running a business and had to pick up skills in everything from sales to marketing on the job.
What we did know - or at least correctly guessed - was that giving talented people an environment in which they could thrive would lead to long-term growth.
Last year, we increased revenues 130% while boosting staff headcount from 46 to 98. Now, we have more than 120 people on our team and six thriving offices in the UK, India, the US and Denmark.
Scaling up, as Abba (nearly) pointed out, is never easy.
One's got to innovate, yet can't take too many risks. Resources must be carefully balanced with growing volumes of work. And with increased responsibility comes a need for tighter strategy.
In our case, we're shifting away from one-off projects to strategic partnerships that help our clients get the most from our services in the long-term.
To help us, we've taken on a Product Director, Aidan Dunphy, who has years of experience in the field. We've also strengthened our board and are embracing the cutting-edge with our Immersive Technologies division.
There is one final piece in the jigsaw that will bring it all together. But - you guessed it - we're going to leaving you hanging on that one...
Previous Insight Next Insight
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©2020 hedgehog lab - hedgehog lab Limited is a private limited company registered in England and Wales with company registration number 05993194. The registered office is at at Generator Studios, Trafalgar Street, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 2LA.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
International braz j urol
Clinical Urology • Int. braz j urol. 34 (4) • Aug 2008 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-55382008000400009 copy
Human papillomavirus and penile cancers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: HPV typing and clinical features
Marcos A. Scheiner
National Cancer Institute, Hematology Service
Mercia M. Campos
Antonio A. Ornellas
National Cancer Institute, Section of Urology
Eduardo W. Chin
Maria H. Ornellas
National Cancer Institute, Bone Marrow Transplant Center
Maria J. Andrada-Serpa
, Rio de Janeiro, , , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Evandro Chagas Institute of Clinical Research , Virology Service, Brazil
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in penile cancers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied, prospectively, 80 consecutive cases of patients with penile cancers who underwent surgical treatment at three different Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro between March 1995 and June 2000. Of these patients, 72 were diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma and 8 patients with verrucous carcinoma. The following parameters were observed: presence or absence of HPV DNA viral type, histological subtypes, clinical stage and overall survival. RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 75% of patients with invasive carcinomas and in 50% of patients with verrucous carcinomas. High risk HPVs were detected in 15 of 54 (27.8%) patients with HPV positive invasive tumors and in 1 of 4 (25%) patients with HPV positive verrucous tumors. HPV 16 was the most frequent type observed. No correlation was observed between HPV status and histological subtype (p = 0.51) as well as HPV status and stage stratification (p = 0.88). HPV status was also not significantly associated with the presence of regional metastases (p = 0.89). The overall survival was related to the presence of lymph node metastases (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: HPV infection may have contributed to malignant transformation in a large proportion of our penile cancer cases but only inguinal metastasis was a prognostic factor for survival in these patients with penile carcinoma.
human papillomavirus; penile cancer; Brazil
CLINICAL UROLOGY
Marcos A. ScheinerI; Mercia M. CamposI; Antonio A. OrnellasII; Eduardo W. ChinII; Maria H. OrnellasIII; Maria J. Andrada-SerpaIV
IHematology Service, National Cancer Institute (INCA)
IISection of Urology, National Cancer Institute (INCA)
IIIBone Marrow Transplant Center, National Cancer Institute (INCA)
IVVirology Service, Evandro Chagas Institute of Clinical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in penile cancers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied, prospectively, 80 consecutive cases of patients with penile cancers who underwent surgical treatment at three different Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro between March 1995 and June 2000. Of these patients, 72 were diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma and 8 patients with verrucous carcinoma. The following parameters were observed: presence or absence of HPV DNA viral type, histological subtypes, clinical stage and overall survival.
RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 75% of patients with invasive carcinomas and in 50% of patients with verrucous carcinomas. High risk HPVs were detected in 15 of 54 (27.8%) patients with HPV positive invasive tumors and in 1 of 4 (25%) patients with HPV positive verrucous tumors. HPV 16 was the most frequent type observed. No correlation was observed between HPV status and histological subtype (p = 0.51) as well as HPV status and stage stratification (p = 0.88). HPV status was also not significantly associated with the presence of regional metastases (p = 0.89). The overall survival was related to the presence of lymph node metastases (p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: HPV infection may have contributed to malignant transformation in a large proportion of our penile cancer cases but only inguinal metastasis was a prognostic factor for survival in these patients with penile carcinoma.
Key words: human papillomavirus; penile cancer; Brazil
Penile cancer prevalence varies according to geographic region and ethnic origin (1). In Brazil, penile cancer represents 2% of all cancers in males and is more frequent in north and northeast regions with an incidence ranging from 1.3 to 2.7 per 100,000, according to the geographic region (2).
The mechanism by which Human Papillomavirus (HPV) leads to malignant transformation is likely mediated through two viral genes, E6 and E7, which are actively transcribed in HPV infected cells. The E6 and E7 proteins bind to and inactivate the host cell's tumor suppressor gene products p53 and pRb, leading to uncontrolled growth. Although HPV genes have been detected in nearly 100% of cervical cancers, the presence of HPV infection in penile cancer is highly variable (3). HPV has been recognized as a possible etiological agent for penile carcinoma but its role in disease development and correlation to prognosis is still unclear.
HPV infections are associated with benign and malignant epithelial lesions and a high-risk HPV group is probably the major cause of anogenital cancers. To date, more than 100 HPV genotypes have been identified. Recently, Munoz et al. (4) pooled data from 11 case-control studies from nine countries and classified the following 15 HPV genotypes into a high-risk group: 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,68,73 and 82. Three other genotypes [26, 53 and 66] will almost certainly also be classified as part of the high-risk group (4).
The prevalence of HPV infections in penile cancer is similar to those observed in vulvar carcinoma (3). Additionally, specific histological subtypes of penile cancer are consistently associated with HPV infection - basaloid and warty squamous cell carcinoma (3,5).
In Brazil, few studies have reported HPV infection in penile cancer. McCance et al. (6) showed a positivity of 49% using Southern blot for the detection of HPV DNA, while Bezerra et al. (7) reported a prevalence of 30.5% for HPV DNA in paraffin-embedded material using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of HPV infection in a large series of patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma of the penis.
Verrucous carcinoma is a less aggressive variant of squamous cell penile carcinoma, which rarely metastasizes to regional nodes regardless of size, evidence of local invasion or duration of disease (8).
Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis usually metastasizes to the inguinal region though lymphatic channels and approximately 20% of the patients whose nodes appear to be clinically normal have inguinal metastasis at operation.
Histopathological Specimens
Eighty penile cancer specimens were collected from patients from three different Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro: Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital and Mario Kröeff Cancer Hospital between March 1995 and June 2000. All patients were evaluated prospectively and gave their informed consent to participate in the study. Our Institutional Review Board also approved the study.
Specimen Processing and DNA Extraction
Two to five cm fragments were collected from the tumor region during surgical procedure and frozen at -80ºC or immediately processed. The specimens were washed in saline and cut into small pieces. Samples were then digested with 50 µL of proteinase K (10 mg/mL) in a volume of 3 mL of cell lyses solution (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6, 10 mM EDTA pH 8.0 and 50 µL of SDS 10%) and incubated at 42ºC for 14 to 16 hours. DNA was recovered after ethanol precipitation, dried at room temperature and dissolved in sterile water. HeLa cell line DNA was used as an HPV positive control (9). All samples were tested for DNA integrity by amplification of a fragment of the β-globin gene using PC04/GH20 as primers.
PCR Reaction
All samples were first subjected to an amplification using a generic pair of primers (MY09/MY11) for HPV (10) that amplify a fragment of the conserved L1 region. The DNA sample was amplified in 50 µL reactions. DNA from a HeLa cell line infected with HPV-18, was used as a positive control. All positive samples using the generic primers were amplified with a specific pair of primers for HPV-16 and HPV-18. The expected PCR products were fragments of 450-452 bp for generic primers, 268 bp for β globin primers, 120 and 100 bp with HPV 16 and 18 specific primers, respectively. Amplicons were analyzed by electrophoresis in a 1.5% agarose gel stained with 10 µg/mL of ethidium bromide. Samples identified as positive for HPV DNA were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Specimens were examined without prior knowledge of the histology of the lesions.
DNA samples that were negative for the first round MY9/11 primer sets were re-amplified in a nested PCR using the GP5+/6+ primer pair (11). The number of cycles was reduced to 30 and 2.5 µL of template was used (12). Strict laboratory conditions were followed in order to avoid contamination.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
The amplicons obtained by the MY9/11 primer sets were submitted to RFLP using the enzymes BamHI, DdeI, HaeIII, RsaI and Sau3AI. The digested and non-digested PCR products were analyzed in 12% polyacrylamide gels. The gels were stained with ethidium bromide and photographed. Fragments were analyzed according to Bernard et al. (13).
Clinicopathological Data
Specimens from 72 patients histologically diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma and specimens from 8 patients diagnosed with verrucous carcinoma were analyzed. Patients with verrucous penile carcinoma were studied to assess the prevalence of HPV infection. Patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis were studied to assess the prevalence of HPV infection. Stage was based on clinical ground, final stage was determined at the time of presentation according to the 1978 TNM system and were further clinically classified according to the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual [AJCC, 2002] (14). Patients were clinically observed during a median of 15 months. We defined stage stratification into group I (T1N0), II (T1N1,T2N0-1), III (T1N2,T2N2,T3N0-2) and IV (T1-3N3,T4N0-3).
The pathological material collected from patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma was reviewed and all tumors were classified according to the Broder's grading system.
Patient follow-up was gathered from medical charts from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute and when necessary through contact with the patient's family. The data obtained were recorded on standard research forms and filed in a database. Analyses were performed using SPSS®. Association with clinical stage, histopathological subtype and HPV status was done using the chi-square test. A "p" value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analysis of actuarial survival rates was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test. Differences were considered significant when the "p" value was less than 0.05.
A total of 80 specimens of penile tumors from an equal number of patients were analyzed. Patients were clinically observed during a median of 15 months (1 to 80 months). The mean age of patients was 57.6 years (ranging from 36 to 86 years) and no statistical difference was observed between HPV positive and negative patients.
The glans was the most frequent site involved and tumors were classified as follows: 8 (10%) cases of verrucous carcinoma and 72 (90%) invasive squamous cell carcinoma of penis. Of the 72 patients with invasive carcinoma, 16 (22.2%) patients presented well differentiated, 53 (73.6%) moderately differentiated and 3 (4.2%) poorly differentiated tumors.
The distribution category T in all 72 cases with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis included 8 (11.1%) in clinical stage T1, 23 (31.9%) in clinical stage T2, 24 (33.3%) in clinical stage T3 and 15 (20.8%) in clinical stage T4. The remaining 2 patients (2.8%) in clinical stage TX were included because they had been referred to our institution after surgical treatment of the primary tumor. The N category distribution in the 72 cases included 32 (44.4%) in stage N0, 7 (9.7%) in stage N1, 19 (26.4%) in stage N2 and 13 (18%) in stage N3. The one remaining patient was classified as T2NXM0. The lymph nodes could not be evaluated in one patient (1.4%) classified as stage NX.
Of the 72 cases, 7 (9.7%) were included in group I according to stage stratification, 17 (23.6%) in group II, 22 (30.5%) in group III and 24 (33.3%) in group IV. Two patients did not provide requirements for the inclusion in stage stratification groups. No correlation was observed between HPV status and stage stratification (p = 0.88).
Of the 72 patients, 25 (34.7%) presented lymph node metastases. The 5-year disease-free survival rates for patients with negative and positive lymph node involvement were 80% and 0% respectively. Differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001, Figure-1). HPV status was also not significantly associated with the presence of regional metastases (p = 0.89).
None of the 8 patients with verrucous carcinoma developed local recurrences or distant metastases and 31/72 patients (43%) with invasive carcinomas died due to progression of the malignancy.
HPV DNA was detected in 44% (35 of 80) of patients using the MY9/11 first round PCR. The overall detection of HPV DNA increased to 72.5% (58 of 80) using the nested GP5+/6+ PCR. A fragment of the β-globin gene was amplified in all specimens as a control of DNA integrity. After RFLP typing of twenty-three HPV+ cases, high risk HPVs were detected in 69% (16 of 23) while low risk HPVs were found in 7 positive cases. The HPV 16 type was observed in 12 of 23 (52%) cases.
Table-1 shows HPV genotyping according to the histopathological subtype. The distribution of positive and negative HPV tumors, according to the histopathological grade of differentiation and clinical stage, is shown in Table-2. No statistical correlation was observed between HPV status and histopathological subtype (p = 0.51).
HPV positive patients had better 5-year disease-free survival rates than those with negative HPV results although the differences between the 2 groups were not significant (p = 0.779, Figure-2).
Age-standardized HPV prevalence varied nearly 20 times between normal populations, from 1.4% (95% CI 0.5-2.2) in Spain to 25.6% (22.4-28.8) in Nigeria (15). The present study evaluated the prevalence of HPV DNA in the largest series of penile tumors, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Squamous cell carcinoma represents 90% of penile cancers. In our series, 70.3% of cases were moderately differentiated SCC. Seventy-two percent (58 of 80) of specimens were HPV DNA positive. This frequency was different from previous reported in Brazil. Bezerra et al. detected HPV DNA in 30.5% (25 out of 82) of penile carcinomas in the State of Sao Paulo (7). Heideman et al. (16) detected HPV 46 of 83 (55%) penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). HPV16 was the predominant type, appearing in 24 (52%) of 46 of penile SCCs. The reported HPV prevalence of penile carcinoma is highly variable, ranging from 15 to 71% (3). Probably the variability in HPV detection in these different studies represents a true difference and or technical discrepancies. High risks HPVs were detected in 27.5% (16 of 58) of our penile carcinomas. The most frequent viral type detected in penile carcinoma was HPV 16, observed in 20.7% (12 of 58) of cases. This result was similar to that previous reported for anogenital cancers. Low risk HPVs were observed in 7 of 58 (12%) positive carcinomas and HPV 6 was the most frequent type, which was found in 4 cases. In Argentina, Picconi et al. (17) reported a very high prevalence of HPV in penile carcinomas (71%) and HPV 18 was the most frequent type found.
Although, our HPV positive patients had better 5-year disease-free survival rates than those with negative HPV results the differences between the 2 groups were not significant (p = 0.779, Figure-2).
Lont et al. (18) also detected high-risk HPV DNA in 29% of the tumors, with HPV 16 being the predominant type, accounting for 76% of high-risk HPV containing SCCs. Disease-specific 5-year survival in the high-risk HPV-negative group and high-risk HPV-positive group was 78% and 93%, respectively (log-rank test p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, the HPV status was an independent predictor for disease-specific mortality (p = 0.01). These results indicate that the presence of high-risk HPV (29%) confers a survival advantage in patients with penile carcinoma.
In our study, only one case of HPV 18 was observed. Thirty-five of 58 patients (60.3%) with non-16 and non-18 positive cases could not be typed. No multiple HPV infections were detected. Multiple infections were observed in 11.6% of Chinese women (19) with cervical cancer and in 8.5% of penile tumors (3). Although, multiple HPV types are less frequent, our results may be due to differences in the ability of the set of primers to amplify different amounts and combinations of HPV types within a sample as well as the capacity of RFLP analysis to identify multiple infections (20).
No correlation was observed among histopathological subtypes of invasive squamous cell penile carcinomas and HPV infection (x2 = 0.43 and p=0.51), although the majority of HPV DNA positive cases (54) were observed among the moderately and poorly differentiated carcinomas.
Seven of 8 cases of verrucous carcinomas were HPV DNA positive and one presented high risk HPV 16. In a previous report, Rubin et al. (3) related 4 of 12 verrucous carcinomas as being HPV DNA positive including 2 with high-risk HPVs. On the other hand, previous studies showed that verrucous carcinoma is more often HPV negative or low-risk HPV positive (21,22).
The majority of penile cancer cases (40%) occurred in the fifth and sixth decade of life. Lymph node metastasis was associated with poor survival rate and no difference was observed in survival between HPV positive and HPV DNA negative cases.
Although the central role of HPV infection in the etiology of cervical cancer has been recognized, HPV infection alone is insufficient for the malignant transformation in penile cancer. In addition, the presence of HPV DNA could not be considered a prognostic factor. Several epidemiological reports indicate that other factors such as the lack of circumcision, hygiene practices, the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases, the number of sexual partners and cigarette smoking may predispose to penile carcinogenesis, and the exact role of HPV infection in the development of penile cancers remains to be elucidated.
On June 8, 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of a new vaccine to prevent infection from four types of HPV. Two of the HPV types targeted by the vaccine (HPV-16 and HPV-18) are responsible for about 70 percent of the cases of cervical cancer worldwide. The other two HPV types (HPV-6 and HPV-11) cause approximately 90 percent of the cases of genital warts. The vaccine is currently recommended for use in young females before they become sexually active, and its possible use in males is under scrutiny. One of several reasons that HPV vaccines have focused on women rather than men is that cervical cancer accounts for 80 percent of HPV-related cancers. Male cancers are obviously in the minority, but 20 percent is still significant, especially considering the prevalence of HPV infection. While women have about 80 percent of the total burden of disease and death, it is certainly not inconsequential for men. Penile cancer affects 100,000 men a year worldwide, and the numbers are increasing. As a global issue, penile cancer is a relevant problem. For heterosexual men, the main benefits of an HPV vaccine will be the prevention of genital warts and, potentially, cervical cancer in women. While studies have not yet been carried out, the hope is that the vaccine may eventually help prevent cancers linked to HPV, including penile cancers. If the vaccine proves successful, the administration of HPV vaccines could eventually become a requirement for boys and girls in middle school or high school as a potential way to reduce HPV infection (23).
Improved sampling techniques of the male genitalia and cohort studies in progress should provide important information on the natural history of HPV infection and disease in men, including risk factors for HPV acquisition and transmission. The impact on HPV infection in males of the vaccination in women will also need to be assessed.
This work was supported by the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ) and Ary Frauzino Foundation, National Institute of Cancer.
None declared
Dr. Antonio Augusto Ornellas
Section of Urology
Instituto Nacional de Câncer
Praça da Cruz Vermelha 23
ornellasa@hotmail.com
Accepted after revision: May 30, 2008
This study is very welcome as it demonstrates the high rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated with penile cancer. The detection rate of 75% approaches the rate of 90% seen in carcinoma in-situ. Other studies show lower HPV rates. It was unclear if this was due to differences in technique, such as immunohistochemistry or due to real variations in biology. Furthermore, the lower rate of HPV (50%) in verrucous type indicates a possible different etiology to this subset of cancer. Studying the subtypes of HPV associated with penile cancer is paramount currently, given the recent development of vaccines against specific subtypes of HPV. It is hard to project the effect mass vaccination of females will have on males, but ought to reduce carriage of HPV among heterosexual males. Vaccinating males may have benefits for females also, as total immunization of the whole female population is unlikely. Reducing the overall population pool of these subtypes is likely to benefit both males and females. The impact on the incidence and type of penile cancer is likely have a lead time of several decades, as only a quarter of men with penile cancer present under the age of 50. Projections must also take into account the increasing life-expectancies in developed countries with more men living into their 70s and 80s, where the disease is more prevalent (see http:// www.oecd.org/statsportal/). Thus in the absence of any vaccination the prevalence is likely to increase, whereas even with successful vaccination changes in demographics may reduce the benefit in the initial years. Finally, the subtypes of HPV being targeted may result in only some cancers being prevented. These factors must be brought together in modeling and scenario planning when formulating strategies for service provision in any healthcare system.
Dr. P. K. Hegarty
Institute of Urology and Pathology
University College Hospital London
E-mail: Paulhego@hotmail.com
The prevalence of penile cancer in Brazil is 2% and this is higher than in the USA and Europe, where it accounts for 0.3 to 0.6% of cancers (1,2). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common histological type of penile cancer and represents 95% of cases. However the aetiology of penile cancer is unknown, risk factors include age and lack of circumcision (1,2). Other predisposing factors to the development of penile SCC are the chronic inflammatory disorder penile lichen sclerosus (LS) (also termed balanitis xerotica obliterans) (3-6) or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (1,2,7,8). A common aetiology for penile and cervical cancer is suggested by the geographical correlation between the incidence of penile and cervical cancers worldwide (9). The persistent infection with sexually transmitted high risk HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer (10,11). The prevalence of HPV penile infections in healthy men is reported to be 39% in Brazil and 3-9% in Western Europe, where there is a lower incidence of penile cancer (12,13). However, HPV detection in penile cancer cases varies from 20-80%, depending on detection method and geographical location (1,2). This is unlike cervical cancer where HPV infection can be detected in almost all cases (10).
The paper entitled "Human Papillomavirus and Penile Cancers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: HPV Typing and Clinical Features" concerns penile cancer HPV infection and survival in 80 consecutive cases of patients who underwent surgery at Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro between 1995 and 2000. High risk HPV 16 was the predominate HPV type detected and no correlation was observed between HPV status (all types) and penile cancer subtype, stage, regional metastases or survival. HPV 16 has previously been reported to predominate in penile lichen sclerosus and SCC and may be an aetiological agent in the development of a significant proportion of penile cancers (7,14). However the importance of HPV status in penile cancer progression and patient survival is controversial, as high-risk HPV is associated with aggressive variants (8) but recent series examining the relationship of HPV infection with prognosis have revealed either no correlation survival or a favourable survival (15,16). This study from Rio de Janeiro is consistent with only inguinal metastasis being a prognostic factor for penile cancer survival. In summary, high risk HPV infection occurs in penile SCC and it is likely to be an aetiological agent in the development of a significant proportion of penile cancers. These results are important as prophylactic HPV vaccines for prevention of cervical cancer in women could also prevent penile cancers in men. However, several studies, including this one, show that once penile cancer has developed poor prognosis is associated with the occurrence of lymph node metastasis and not HPV status.
Dr. David M. Prowse
Centre for Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cancer
Bart's and The London Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry
John Vane Science Centre
E-mail: d.m.prowse@qmul.ac.uk
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16. Bezerra AL, Lopes A, Santiago GH, Ribeiro KC, Latorre MR, Villa LL: Human papillomavirus as a prognostic factor in carcinoma of the penis: analysis of 82 patients treated with amputation and bilateral lymphadenectomy. Cancer. 2001; 91: 2315-21.
Correspondence address: Dr. Antonio Augusto Ornellas Section of Urology Instituto Nacional de Câncer Praça da Cruz Vermelha 23 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil E-mail: ornellasa@hotmail.com
Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia Rua Bambina, 153, 22251-050 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil, Tel. +55 21 2539-6787, Fax: +55 21 2246-4088 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: brazjurol@brazjurol.com.br


text:
Q: Update $routeParams and refresh the page with new parameter I think the title indicates what I want to achieve quite well. As an example, say, I have a route parameter:
$routeProvider.when("/:id/page", {
            controller: "pageCtrl",
            templateUrl: "page.html"
        });

And in the controller, I want to change it and refresh the page. Is there such a way? For example:
$routeParams.id=12;
$route.reload();

Thanks for any help in advance...

Note:
Currently I use this way:
var pathArray = $location.path().split("/");
pathArray[1] = 12;
$location.path(pathArray.join("/"));

But I'm looking for a more generic way.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to configure kubernetes cluster with corporate ldap, for authentication? How to configure kubernetes cluster  with corporate ldap, for authentication?
I'd not found anything official.

A: Kismatic is one of the projects that provides a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) authentication webhook for Kubernetes. For Kismatic Enterprise Toolkit (KET) source code check out this link.

A: According to official documentation as of K8s 1.3, there is no native support for ldap authentication but using keystone can be a way to bridge to an LDAP or AD.
Found this link showing a sample walk through (with Samba):
http://cloudgeekz.com/1128/how-to-setup-active-directory-or-ldap-authentication-for-kubernetes.html
This implies the API server does the authn for the client... a more flexible solution using keystone tokens might soon be implemented here: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/25391


text:
La démographie de l'Europe médiévale est l'étude de la population humaine en Europe au cours du Moyen Âge.

Démographie

L'évolution de la population européenne au Moyen Âge peut être ainsi estimée :
 400 - 1000 : stable à un niveau bas
 1000 - 1250 : poussée démographique et expansion
 1250 - 1350 : stable à un niveau très haut
 1350 - 1420 : déclin abrupt
 1420 - 1470 : stable à un niveau bas
 à partir de 1470 : expansion lente qui s'accélère au début du

De l'an 400 à l'an 1000
Il y eut un fort déclin de la population européenne à la fin de l'Antiquité ; son plus bas niveau fut atteint en 542 lors de l'arrivée de la peste (la peste de Justinien, la dernière grande peste en Europe avant la peste noire du ). Les estimations de la population totale de l'Europe à l'époque de Charlemagne sont floues, mais elle est évaluée entre 25 et 30 millions, dont 15 millions en France carolingienne. Contrairement à notre image d'un fermier autonome solitaire qui déménage quand il voit de la fumée d'une cheminée proche, les établissements médiévaux étaient populeux, avec de grandes régions sauvages et inhabitées de l'une à l'autre. Dans le Moyen Âge, être seul, sans communauté, équivalait à une mort certaine. Des communautés bien peuplées existaient en tant qu'îles au milieu d'une vaste étendue sauvage.

De l'an 1000 à l'an 1250
Les Européens commencèrent à avancer dans l'étendue sauvage de ce qui est aujourd'hui appelé la zone des grands défrichements. Les forêts et les marais furent rendus cultivables puis cultivés dans le Haut Moyen Âge. En même temps, des établissements commencèrent à être fondés loin des contrées traditionnelles de l'Empire carolingien, s'établissant au-delà de l'Elbe, triplant ainsi la taille de l'Allemagne. Les Croisés allèrent aux États latins d'Orient, l'Espagne fut reconquise sur les Maures, et les Normands colonisèrent le sud de l'Italie. Tous ces mouvements et conquêtes font partie d'une expansion et d'une réimplantation de la population européenne.

Ces expansions et colonisations sont dues à plusieurs facteurs : le climat doux qui permettait des saisons de récoltes plus longues, la fin des raids vikings et magyars, encourageant une plus grande stabilité politique, le développement de la technologie médiévale, permettant l'expansion de l'agriculture, des réformes de l'église au , augmentant la stabilité sociale, et la montée de la féodalité, qui encouragea elle aussi la stabilité sociale, et donc la mobilité. Les nobles encouragèrent la colonisation de nouvelles terres. Les liens du serf à la terre commencèrent à faiblir lorsque surgit l'économie à base d'un moyen de paiement par monnaie et non du seul troc. Il y avait beaucoup de terres, mais peu de gens pour la cultiver. Donc les nobles trouvèrent de nouvelles manières d'attirer et garder leur main-d'œuvre. Des centres urbains commencèrent à se développer, attirant les serfs avec la promesse d'une vie libre. La population augmenta donc au fur et à mesure des expansions dans les nouvelles terres.

De l'an 1250 à l'an 1350
En 1300, l'Europe était, selon certains avis, surpeuplée. L'Angleterre, qui comptait environ un million d'habitants en 1086, en avait à présent 5 à 7 millions. La France de 1328 était géographiquement plus petite qu'aujourd'hui mais avait déjà entre 18 et 20 millions d'habitants, niveau qui ne sera dépassé qu'au début de l'Époque moderne. La Toscane comptait 2 millions d'habitants en 1300, niveau qui ne sera atteint à nouveau qu'en 1850. En général, la population de l'Europe comptait 70 à 100 millions d'habitants. À titre de comparaison, les 28 États membres de l'Union européenne avaient en 2014 une population totale de 507 millions d'habitants. Le gain de la récolte au  représentait seulement entre 2 grains pour 1 et 7 grains pour 1: tandis qu'aujourd'hui elle s'est élevée à 300 pour 1, voire plus, alors que la population de l'Europe n'a que quadruplé.

De l'an 1350 à l'an 1500

Un déclin démographique important
Au début du , les frontières cessèrent de s'élargir et la colonisation interne diminua. Mais les niveaux de population se maintinrent à des niveaux très hauts. Plusieurs catastrophes vinrent décimer des millions d'Européens, de la Grande famine de 1315-1317 à la peste noire en passant par la Guerre de Cent Ans. En Saintonge, à la fin de la Guerre de Cent Ans les moulins sont détruits, les terres en friche et les propriétaires sont à la recherche de bras afin de pouvoir remettre en culture. En 1356 la disette entraine une jacquerie particulièrement importante.

La période s'étendant entre 1348 et 1420 vit les plus grandes pertes : en Allemagne, environ 40 % des habitants disparurent, la Provence perdit 50 %, et certaines régions de la Toscane perdirent jusqu'à 70 % de leur population.

La science et l'art de la démographie médiévale
L'étude de la démographie médiévale est assez récente, mais a déjà attiré beaucoup d'attention, en particulier sur les problèmes de la société médiévale. La plupart des ouvrages sur l'histoire du Moyen Âge possède au moins un chapitre ou une section sur la démographie d'une ville, d'une région ou d'un royaume en particulier. Parce que les sources normalement utilisées pour l'étude démographique - par exemple, des certificats de mariage, de naissance ou de décès - ne sont généralement pas disponibles, les chercheurs misent sur d'autres sources, qui peuvent être divisées en deux catégories : données archéologiques et œuvres de l'époque.

Les données archéologiques peuvent être, par exemple, la taille d'un établissement donné et sa croissance ou son abandon : les données archéologiques montrent que jusqu'à 25 % des villages d'Espagne furent abandonnés à la suite du passage de la peste noire. Par contre, des problèmes limitent l'utilisation des données archéologiques. Il est souvent difficile de dater les découvertes, et certains sites très grands sont encore habités et ne peuvent pas faire l'objet de fouilles, limitant les recherches archéologiques à leur périphérie (un exemple concret est Sutton Hoo, en Angleterre).

La plupart des informations sur la démographie médiévale reposent donc sur les œuvres et les documents de l'époque: soit des descriptions, soit des documents administratifs.

Les descriptions nous proviennent de chroniqueurs qui parlaient de la taille des armées, des victimes des guerres ou des famines, ou des participants à un évènement. Beaucoup de ces documents sont malheureusement des embellissements ou des exagérations, et ne peuvent servir de preuves formelles.

Les pièces les plus importantes restent donc les documents administratifs, plus objectifs et précis, leur rédaction ne servant pas l'influence sur d'autres écrits : ainsi les enquêtes et les actes.

Les enquêtes décrivent un domaine ou une région à une date spécifique, en forme d'inventaire. Les enquêtes de seigneurie, en particulier, furent répandues en Angleterre et en France, mais diminuèrent lors du déclin de la féodalité. Les enquêtes fiscales survinrent lors du début de l'économie à base de monnaie ; la plus connue et la plus ancienne est le Domesday Book de 1086. Le Livre des Foyers de l'Italie en 1244 en est un autre exemple. La plus grande enquête fiscale eut lieu en France en 1328. Ces enquêtes augmentèrent en nombre et en envergure lorsque les rois cherchèrent à augmenter leurs revenus. Les enquêtes avaient toutefois des limites car elles concernaient une période de temps en particulier, ne perduraient pas et excluaient certains éléments constitutifs de la société.

Les actes se retrouvent sous plusieurs formes. Il peut s'agir de transferts de propriétés (ventes, échanges, dons, locations), dont les plus vieux datent du , ou de documents enregistrant les naissances, baptêmes, décès, ou des documents des tribunaux et des hoiries, ou encore le constat des prix de la nourriture et des loyers, tous éléments qui permettent de nombreux recoupements.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
  Peter Biller ; The Measure of Multitude: Population in Medieval Thought, 2001,
  David Herlihy ; "Demography", Dictionary of the Middle Ages, vol.4, 1989
  Thomas Hollingsworth ; Historical Demography, 1969,
  Josiah Russell ; Medieval Demography: Essays ; Ams Studies in the Middle Ages, nº12, 1987,

Articles connexes
 Haut Moyen Âge
 Démographie antique

Liens externes
  Josiah C. Russell : "Population in Europe"

Medievale
Moyen Âge

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Service was attentive. The chef even came out to speak to us when we asked for him.
Over all a great dinner. Will be back with friends, no doubt.
22 Church Steakhouse, a fine steakhouse established in 2000. We pride ourselves in serving the finest of foods in an intimate but casual atmosphere. It has become a Durham tradition and favourite. Combining the high quality cuisine and freshest ingredients, unparalled service, cosy atmosphere and splash of local colour, it has become more than a dining experience.
Enjoy a good mouthwatering steak?
Before you decide on a steak, there are some things you should know - All our steaks are Triple A grade Canadian Beef giving you just enough marbling throughout your steak for a most flavourful steak. All steaks are aged for appoximately 28 days which tenderizes the meat and intensifies its flavour. Our steaks are sprinkled with our own unique blend of spices and seared over high heat to lock in the natural juices and grilled to perfection.


Every pregnant woman's biggest challenge is finding the right evening dress for her baby bump! Well, why not get inspired by pregnant celebrities? Celebrities are diverse in body shapes, so you can definitely find one that looks like you. And while celebrities hire people to dress them in dresses that flatter their body shapes and baby bumps, you'll have the answers ready for you here.
When you look for inspiration for a maternity evening dress, look into details, like if the color will flatter your skin-tone, if the silhouette is really the one for your body. Take a good look at every picture and gather up the details you want to know to come up with the perfect evening dress for your baby bump!
Scroll down to see how you can look gorgeous in maternity evening dresses just like a celebrity!


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text:
Archimimus pseudoturbatus är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Guilherme A.M.Lopes och Tibana 1988. Archimimus pseudoturbatus ingår i släktet Archimimus och familjen köttflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Köttflugor
pseudoturbatus


text:
<?php
/**
 * @package: chapi
 *
 * @author:  msiebeneicher
 * @since:   2015-08-28
 *
 */

namespace unit\Service\JobRepository;

use Chapi\Entity\Chronos\ChronosJobEntity;
use Chapi\Service\JobRepository\JobRepository;
use ChapiTest\src\TestTraits\JobEntityTrait;
use Prophecy\Argument;

class JobRepositoryTest extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
{
    use JobEntityTrait;

    /** @var \Prophecy\Prophecy\ObjectProphecy */
    private $repositoryBridge;

    /** @var  \Prophecy\Prophecy\ObjectProphecy */
    private $entityFilter;

    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        $this->repositoryBridge = $this->prophesize('Chapi\Service\JobRepository\BridgeInterface');
        $this->entityFilter = $this->prophesize('Chapi\Service\JobRepository\Filter\JobFilterInterface');
    }

    public function testGetJobSuccess()
    {
        $entity = $this->getValidScheduledJobEntity('JobA');
        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->getJobs()
            ->willReturn([
                $entity
            ])
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->entityFilter
            ->isInteresting(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(true);

        $jobRepository = new JobRepository(
            $this->repositoryBridge->reveal(),
            $this->entityFilter->reveal()
        );

        $jobEntity = $jobRepository->getJob('JobA');

        // known job
        $this->assertInstanceOf(
            'Chapi\Entity\JobEntityInterface',
            $jobEntity
        );

        $this->assertSame(
            'JobA',
            $jobEntity->name
        );

        // empty job
        $jobEntity = $jobRepository->getJob('JobZ');

        $this->assertNull($jobEntity, "Expected null for non existing job");
    }

    public function testGetJobSuccessWithFilterFailure()
    {
        $entity = $this->getValidScheduledJobEntity('JobA');
        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->getJobs()
            ->willReturn([
                $entity
            ])
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->entityFilter
            ->isInteresting(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(false);

        $jobRepository = new JobRepository(
            $this->repositoryBridge->reveal(),
            $this->entityFilter->reveal()
        );

        $jobEntity = $jobRepository->getJob('JobA');

        $this->assertNull($jobEntity, "Expected null for non-interesting job");
    }

    public function testGetJobsSuccessWithFilterSuccess()
    {
        $entity = $this->getValidScheduledJobEntity('JobA');
        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->getJobs()
            ->willReturn([
                $entity
            ])
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->entityFilter
            ->isInteresting(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(true);

        $jobRepository = new JobRepository(
            $this->repositoryBridge->reveal(),
            $this->entityFilter->reveal()
        );

        $jobCollection = $jobRepository->getJobs();

        $this->assertInstanceOf(
            'Chapi\Entity\Chronos\JobCollection',
            $jobCollection
        );

        $this->assertInstanceOf(
            'Chapi\Entity\JobEntityInterface',
            $jobCollection['JobA']
        );
    }

    public function testGetJobsSuccessWithFilterFailure()
    {
        $entity = $this->getValidScheduledJobEntity('JobA');
        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->getJobs()
            ->willReturn([
                $entity
            ])
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->entityFilter
            ->isInteresting(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(false);

        $jobRepository = new JobRepository(
            $this->repositoryBridge->reveal(),
            $this->entityFilter->reveal()
        );

        $jobCollection = $jobRepository->getJobs();

        $this->assertInstanceOf(
            'Chapi\Entity\Chronos\JobCollection',
            $jobCollection
        );

        $this->assertEmpty($jobCollection, "Expected empty job collection with no interestesting jobs");
    }

    public function testAddJobSuccess()
    {
        $entity = $this->getValidScheduledJobEntity('JobA');

        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->addJob(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(true)
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->entityFilter
            ->isInteresting(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(true);

        $jobRepository = new JobRepository(
            $this->repositoryBridge->reveal(),
            $this->entityFilter->reveal()
        );

        $this->assertTrue(
            $jobRepository->addJob($entity)
        );
    }

    public function testAddJobSuccessWithInitialisedJobCollection()
    {
        $entityA = $this->getValidScheduledJobEntity('JobA');
        $entityB = $this->getValidScheduledJobEntity('JobB');

        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->getJobs()
            ->willReturn([$entityA])
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->addJob(Argument::exact($entityB))
            ->willReturn(true)
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->entityFilter
            ->isInteresting(Argument::exact($entityA))
            ->willReturn(true);

        $jobRepository = new JobRepository(
            $this->repositoryBridge->reveal(),
            $this->entityFilter->reveal()
        );

        $jobEntityResult = $jobRepository->getJob('JobA');

        // known job
        $this->assertSame(
            'JobA',
            $jobEntityResult->name
        );

        $this->assertTrue(
            $jobRepository->addJob($entityB)
        );
    }

    public function testAddJobFailure()
    {
        $entity = $this->getValidScheduledJobEntity('JobA');

        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->addJob(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(false)
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $jobRepository = new JobRepository(
            $this->repositoryBridge->reveal(),
            $this->entityFilter->reveal()
        );

        $this->assertFalse(
            $jobRepository->addJob($entity)
        );
    }

    public function testUpdateJobSuccess()
    {
        $entity = $this->getValidScheduledJobEntity('JobA');

        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->updateJob(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(true)
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $jobRepository = new JobRepository(
            $this->repositoryBridge->reveal(),
            $this->entityFilter->reveal()
        );

        $this->assertTrue(
            $jobRepository->updateJob($entity)
        );
    }

    public function testRemoveJobSuccess()
    {
        $entity = $this->getValidScheduledJobEntity('JobA');

        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->removeJob(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(true)
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->getJobs()
            ->willReturn([$entity])
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->entityFilter
            ->isInteresting(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(true);

        $jobRepository = new JobRepository(
            $this->repositoryBridge->reveal(),
            $this->entityFilter->reveal()
        );

        $this->assertTrue(
            $jobRepository->removeJob($entity->name)
        );

        $this->assertNull(
            $jobRepository->getJob('JobA')
        );
    }

    public function testRemoveJobFailure()
    {
        $entity = $this->getValidScheduledJobEntity('JobA');

        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->removeJob(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(false)
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->getJobs()
            ->willReturn([$entity])
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->entityFilter
            ->isInteresting(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(true);

        $jobRepository = new JobRepository(
            $this->repositoryBridge->reveal(),
            $this->entityFilter->reveal()
        );

        $this->assertFalse(
            $jobRepository->removeJob($entity->name)
        );

        $this->assertEquals(
            $entity,
            $jobRepository->getJob('JobA')
        );
    }

    public function testRemoveJobFailureException()
    {
        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);

        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->removeJob(Argument::any())
            ->shouldNotBeCalled()
        ;

        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->getJobs()
            ->willReturn([])
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->entityFilter
            ->isInteresting(Argument::any())
            ->willReturn(true)
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(0);

        $jobRepository = new JobRepository(
            $this->repositoryBridge->reveal(),
            $this->entityFilter->reveal()
        );

        $this->assertFalse(
            $jobRepository->removeJob('JobA')
        );
    }

    public function testHasJobSuccess()
    {
        $entity = $this->getValidScheduledJobEntity('JobA');
        $this->repositoryBridge
            ->getJobs()
            ->willReturn([
                $entity
            ])
            ->shouldBeCalledTimes(1)
        ;

        $this->entityFilter
            ->isInteresting(Argument::exact($entity))
            ->willReturn(true);

        $jobRepository = new JobRepository(
            $this->repositoryBridge->reveal(),
            $this->entityFilter->reveal()
        );

        $this->assertTrue($jobRepository->hasJob('JobA'));
        $this->assertFalse($jobRepository->hasJob('JobB'));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Akka: Blocking implications in supervisor-child hierarchy I have a supervisor Actor which delegates work to a lower level child Actor using the tell command. The child Actor does some web service logic and when completes sends a response back to the supervisor. Can someone tell me what happens during this interaction in terms of access to the parents onReceive method?
For example when the parent calls tell can it then take another message from its mailbox and start processing that or does it need to wait until the child completes and sends response?

A: All actors are independent from each other: when the parent tells the child to do something, then the child will pick that up asynchronously without the parent having to wait for that to happen. The parent will then go on to react to new messages which come in. You are welcome to take a look at General Section of the Akka documentation for more details.


February 3 - The previously autonomous state of Greece gains full independence from the Ottoman Empire as the final result of the Greek War of Independence. Negotiations for the borders between the two states continue until 1832, under the supervision of Russia, France and Britain.
April 6 - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was organized.
May 13 - Ecuador gains its independence.
May 26 - The Indian Removal Act was passed by the United States Congress.
June 26 - William IV succeeds George IV as King of the UK.
July 5 - France invades Algeria.
July 28 - Beginning of the July Revolution in France.
August 2 - Abdication of King Charles X of France in favor of his grandson, Henry V, who is not allowed to take the throne.
August 9 - The Duke of Orleans becomes King of the French as Louis Philippe.
August 13 - Louis Philippe appoints the Duc de Broglie as Prime Minister of France.
August 25 - Revolt in Brussels against King William I.
First long-distance (Manchester-Liverpool) railway begins operation.
Edwin Beard Budding invents the lawnmower.
February 3 - Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.


text:
/* AUTO-GENERATED FILE.  DO NOT MODIFY.
 *
 * This class was automatically generated by the
 * aapt tool from the resource data it found.  It
 * should not be modified by hand.
 */

package course.labs.activitylab;

public final class R {
    public static final class attr {
    }
    public static final class drawable {
        public static final int ic_launcher=0x7f020000;
    }
    public static final class id {
        public static final int create=0x7f080000;
        public static final int destroy=0x7f080006;
        public static final int item1=0x7f080008;
        public static final int item2=0x7f080009;
        public static final int menu_settings=0x7f080007;
        public static final int pause=0x7f080003;
        public static final int restart=0x7f080005;
        public static final int resume=0x7f080002;
        public static final int start=0x7f080001;
        public static final int stop=0x7f080004;
    }
    public static final class layout {
        public static final int activity_one=0x7f040000;
        public static final int activity_two=0x7f040001;
    }
    public static final class menu {
        public static final int activity_one=0x7f070000;
        public static final int activity_two=0x7f070001;
    }
    public static final class mipmap {
        public static final int web_hi_res_512=0x7f030000;
    }
    public static final class string {
        public static final int app_name=0x7f050000;
        public static final int button=0x7f050001;
        public static final int close=0x7f050002;
        public static final int m_1=0x7f050003;
        public static final int m_2=0x7f050004;
        public static final int menu_settings=0x7f050005;
        public static final int onCreate=0x7f050006;
        public static final int onDestroy=0x7f050007;
        public static final int onPause=0x7f050008;
        public static final int onRestart=0x7f050009;
        public static final int onResume=0x7f05000a;
        public static final int onStart=0x7f05000b;
        public static final int onStop=0x7f05000c;
        public static final int rotateMe=0x7f05000d;
        public static final int title_activity_activity_two=0x7f05000e;
        public static final int welcome=0x7f05000f;
    }
    public static final class style {
        /**  API 11 theme customizations can go here.
 API 14 theme customizations can go here.

            Theme customizations available in newer API levels can go in
            res/values-vXX/styles.xml, while customizations related to
            backward-compatibility can go here.

         */
        public static final int AppBaseTheme=0x7f060000;
        /**  All customizations that are NOT specific to a particular API-level can go here.
         */
        public static final int AppTheme=0x7f060001;
    }
}