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Artwork by Safa Yakoob
Cultures in Connection: the Dar al-Adl and Hujra
by Haifa Badi-Uz-Zaman
History equips us with the tools to draw connections across cultures. Although the cultures in consideration may have emerged in different parts of the world, they might surprisingly have various attributes in common. The harder links to trace are the ones in cultures where history is not documented, but rather diffused through generations by oral traditions. This paper discusses two institutions that are very different in their setting and origin, but have several architectural, cultural, and social similarities. Although one of the institutions, the Dar al Adl that functioned at a macro level, has physically disappeared, historians and architects have been able to trace its structure and importance in surviving records found in Damascus, Aleppo, and Cairo. The other institution is the Hujra that functions on the micro level in tribally administered areas of Afghanistan and North Pakistan. While it continues to function today, there is little to no written documentation that would provide us with insight into tis history and origins. The comparison between the two highlights the similar social functions and basic architectural layout of the institutions, but it does not assert that they are both the same or share the same history.
The Dar al-Adl, also known as the 'palace of justice' is part of medieval Islamic architecture that does no longer exists today. The first Dar al-Adl was constructed around 1163 by Nur al-Din Mahmud ibn Zanki of the Zankid dynasty in Damascus (Rabbat, 1995, p.3). Others were built in Aleppo, and Cairo by the Ayyubids between 1189 and 1262, and the last one was built in Cairo by Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun of the Mamluk dynasty in 1315 (Rabbat, 1995, p. 3). It is referred to in written documents from medieval Syria and Egypt, and that is proof of its existence and importance in the Mamluk era (1250-1517). The Dar al-Adl was an Islamic institution where the Qada al-Mazalim occurred, which refers to the consideration of matters of injustice (Rabbat, 1995, p.5). It consisted of weekly communal trials supervised by the ruler and his allotted delegates where the complaints of his subjects were discussed and dealt with Nur al Din Mahmud ibn Zanki built the Dar al-Adl to deal with the grievances of farmers against feudal lords. The Dar al-Adl was not subject to its own laws; it was in fact a tool of power that belonged to the royal family. The presence of the Sultan in the Dar al-Adl and the royal residences nearby coupled with the solving of issues in the Dar al-Adl in regards to shari'ah law portray its political, religious, and social importance (Tabba, 1997, p.65). The Dar al-Adl in Aleppo was built as part of renovation of the citadel for the purpose of redefining its connection to the city in 1189 by the Ayyubid king al-Zahir Ghazi (Rabbat, 1995, p.9). In both Damascus, and Aleppo, it was constructed beside the citadel, which housed the center of government and royal residences (Rabbat, 1995, p.9). In the vicinity of the Dar al-Adl in Aleppo were also Ghazi's mausoleum and a madrasa. The mausoleums near the Dar al-Adl would usually be located in such a manner that they would face the street in both Syria and Egypt (Tabbaa, 1993, p.3).
The three cities; Aleppo, Damascus, and Cairo, were connected through the ruling dynasties whose mutual cause was fighting the crusaders (Rabbat, 1995, p.4). It is understandable then that the Dar al-Adl appeared in these three cities as they were all constructed by the dynasties that ruled them and who in turn influenced by each other. The Islamic ideology associated with the Dar al-Adl is consistent with its architecture and function in both Syria and Egypt.
Apart from the justice hearings held in the Dar al-Adl, some of its other functions included the "reception of foreign envoys," holding discussions between scholars, and serving as a place where mourning services were held (Rabbat, 1995, p. 9). Furthermore, the transfer of power to Ghazi's son after his demise is documented to have taken place at the Dar al-Adl in Aleppo (Rabbat, 1995, p.9). Furthermore, the transfer of power to Ghazi's son after his demise is documented to have taken place at the Dar al-Adl in Aleppo (Rabbat, 1995, p.9).
The Dar al-Adl has striking similarities to an institution in Pashtun culture where the grievances of the village people are addressed and tribal conflicts are resolved. This mechanism of resolving conflict is called a jirga There are several types of jirgas that operate at different levels and have varying degrees of importance, depending on the number of people involved in the conflict. However, the jirga that will be referred to in this paper is one that is conducted at the local village level, and involves a small number of people who usually belong to the same tribe or two different tribes. These local i are held at a "Hujra".
The Hujra is a place of communal village gathering among the Pashtuns that is as historic as is the culture of Jirga among them. The Hujra serves various functions; it is a guest house, a place of religious, cultural, educational, and recreational gatherings, and most importantly, it serves as a location for the justice meetings held by the Jirga (Yousafzai, & Gohar, n.d., p.31).
One of the few academics who has researched the Hujra, Khan defines it as a "community center" in his paper "The Face of Communal Hujra Culture and its Environmental Impacts". He asserts that the initial purpose of the Hujra was a place where the people of that particular community would express their opinions and decide on matters concerning their community. Its role evolved and expanded later on, and now the Hujra serves as a guest house too. Khan calls these Hujras "personal/private Hujras" (Khan, 2008, p.22).
Additionally, it functioned as a place of exchange of information among the village folk about neighboring villages, and the marriages, births, and deaths that took place in villages nearby. Travelers would stop at the Hujra to rest, have a cup of tea, and exchange information. The Hujra encourages community participation and unifies the society. Members of the Hujra are expected to provide wood and timber for fire in the winter, beds for the guests, and food for wedding and funeral gatherings. The less privileged poor people of the village benefit the most from Hujras. In times of financial instability, they rely on the Hujra community to provide them with food, water, and shelter (Khan, 2008, p.24).
A 'muhalla', or neighborhood, consists of approximately 30 houses, and each muhalla has one Hujra. The responsibility of constructing a Hujra falls upon the family that is the wealthiest in terms of finances among the residents of the neighborhood. Although it is a structure always shared by the people of the neighborhood, the family that owns the Hujra does hold authority and has, to a certain degree, influence in the area. Another factor that affects the power structure of the Hujra is the presence and participation of the elders of the village in the Hujra. Since the Jirga on the local level is held in the Hujra, the decisions of the Jirga with the more reputable Council of Elders holds greater authority and social importance as compared to other Hujras in the vicinity. The Council of Elders passes the final verdict in the justice hearings, which comprises of the elders of the village who are selected based on how knowledgeable, social, charismatic, pious, influential, wise, and well-connected they are.1.
Furthermore, in his book "Islamic architecture: The wooden style of northern Pakistan", Dani documents the wooden architecture of North Pakistan. He explains in detail, supported by maps, the architecture of the mosques found in Swat, Gilgit Baltistan and Kohistan. The plans of the mosques in Darel valley in Gilgit Baltistan show the Hujra adjacent to a prayer hall. The Hujra opens into a courtyard with wooden platforms for the Jirga, and in some compounds the graveyard of the Shahids, the missionaries who came to the region to preach, are also present (1989, p.109). The Hujra is always in close proximity to a mosque. Although it is a place where all sorts of social gatherings exclusive to the men take place, it also occasionally functions as a
"madrasa"; a place where children come to recite the Quran and study about Islam from a learned religious figure in the village. This is reflective of the importance of religion in Pashtun society. Although it is a very important aspect of Pashtun culture and village life, it is an aspect that is fast diminishing. Trends of urbanization and globalization have affected life in the village as well, and village folk no longer have the time, nor the economic means to sustain the Hujra and the social activities associated with it (Yousafzai, & Gohar, n.d., p.31).
The Dar al-Adl in Syria and Egypt and the Hujra in Afghanistan were both centers of justice. Supplementary to their strikingly similar social functions, the architecture of the two centers also had various basic aspects in common. The compounds in which they were situated were both the venues of justice hearings and religious teachings. The religious teachings would be carried out at the madrasa nearby. Both structures also faced the street, so they were places that were easily accessible to the people who would come there to share their grievances and concerns with the sultan or the Council of Elders. However, the Dar al Adl was part of major cities such as Aleppo, Cairo, and Damascus, while the Hujra operates at the village level. This accounts for the difference in the structure of the two entities. The small village community builds a simple structure for the Hujra whereas the Dar al-Adl was an elaborate, glamorous structure constructed by the ruling dynasties. The Dar al Adl was associated with the Sultan, whereas the Hujra does not require the presence nor the approval of the owner for decisions and is shared by the community for a wide range of social and religious activities. Despite the difference in their location, both structures were also surrounded by a place of burial; a graveyard or a mausoleum. The incorporation of Islamic law into the justice dealings held at the Dar al-Adl and the Hujra demonstrate the high level of importance both societies place in Islam, and perhaps the connection between the two institutions is the common Islamic practices that are the foundation of societal values and even their architecture.
Similar to the Hujra, and the Dar al-Adl is also the Rab-I-Rashidi from Ilkhanid Iran. The rab-I-Rashidi was a complex with a tomb, a place for Sufi saints to gather. It also contained mosques and rooms for people to stay in (Blair, 1984, p.75). Islamic architecture links all these structures cross culturally and presents a fascinating area of research which needs to be explored further in order to elaborate on institutions such as the Hujra; the history of which is hard to trace, but nevertheless important.
Blair, S. S. (1984). Ilkhanid architecture and society: An analysis of the endowment deed of the rab'-I Rashīdī. Iran, 22, 67-90.
Dani, A. H. (1989). Islamic architecture: The wooden style of northern Pakistan. Islamabad: National Hijra Council.
Rabbat, N. O. (1995). The ideological significance of the dār al- adl in the medieval islamic orient. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27(1), 3-28. doi: 10.1017/S0020743800061559
Tabbaa, Y. (1993). Circles of power: palace, citadel, and city in Ayyubid Aleppo. Arts Orientalis, 23, 181-200.
Tabba, Y. (1997). Constructions of power and piety in medieval Aleppo. Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
Tribal Analysis Center. (2007). Jirga system in tribal life. Williamsburg, VA: Dr. Sherzaman Taizi.
Khan, M. B. (2008). The face of communal hujra culture and its environmental impacts.
(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad.
Yousufzai, M. H., & Gohar, A. (n.d.). Towards understanding Pukhtoon jirga. Peshawar: Just Peace International.
This information has been related to me while I was growing up by my father, and my late uncle. My uncle built the Hujra in our neighborhood in Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Unfortunately, there is not a lot of material available specifically on the Hujra. Secondary sources discuss the Jirga and only mention the Hujra without going into explicit details. Greater detail might be available in Pashto poetry and other primary sources in Pashto, which I was not able to consult for this paper because I am not learned in reading Pashto script.
Haifa Badi-Uz-Zaman graduated from the American University of Sharjah in Spring 2014 with a major in Mass Communication, a concentration in Journalism, and two minors in International Studies and Governmental Studies. She currently works at the Aga Khan Academy in Mombasa as a Teaching Fellow. She has written articles for news publications in Pakistan and the UAE, and also worked as a Psychology Research Assistant. Her interests include Sufi music, literature, drawing, writing, and solitary walks. Education awareness and eradication of child labor are two causes close to my heart. Haifa hopes to return to her native Pakistan and work towards improving access to quality education among disadvantaged communities.


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WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump's choice for the Supreme Court has given members of Congress lots of material to help them judge the judge.
Judge Brett Kavanaugh has responded to a Senate Judiciary Committee questionnaire that probes his career as an attorney and jurist, his education, society memberships and more.
It's part of a long paper trail that lawmakers will consider as they decide whether to confirm him. The high court appointment could shift the court rightward for years to come.
Kavanaugh has written nearly 300 rulings as an appeals court judge and has a record in the George W. Bush White House and Kenneth Starr's probe of Bill Clinton in the 1990s.
His response to the questionnaire runs 110 pages and comes with thick appendices.


Every month a mindboggling Tk 2.47 crore used to be gathered inside Chattogram Central Jail and the lion's share came from drug dealing, its arrested jailer Sohel Rana Biswas told investigators while in remand.
The drugs, mainly Phensidyl, yaba, and cannabis, used to be smuggled into the prison under piles of vegetables meant for the kitchen and prisoners Sohel trusted used to sell the drugs to inmates, said a police official who interrogated him.
Prison officials used to get a slice of the cake, the interrogator said wishing not to be named.
Sohel was awarded best jailer this year by the prisons authorities.
"Money makes everything possible" was the answer of Sohel in response to a question about how he bagged the award despite having numerous allegations levelled against him. He refused to say whom he paid to get the award, the investigator said.
Sohel, now on a two-day remand, was arrested with Tk 44 lakh in cash and fixed deposit receipts (FDRs) worth Tk 2.50 crore on October 26 when he was travelling in a train in Bhairab.
Prisons authorities later suspended him and formed a three-member committee to investigate the incident.
Three to four people, including one Nasir of Bahaddarhat, used to supply the drugs to Sohel, a drug addict himself, police and prison officials said.
Apart from his drug trade inside; he made money by illegally allowing prisoners to talk over the phone, making special arrangements for meeting prisoners, allowing healthy prisoners to be moved to hospitals and by taking bribes from food suppliers of the prison, police and jail officials said.
He used to sell prisoners food at the canteen at four times the retail price outside. In exchange for money, Sohel allowed inmates serving rigorous imprisonment not to work and have comfortable accommodation facilities.
Sohel had done the same when he was serving in other jails, said jail sources.
Asked about allegation of other prison officials' involvement in such activities, Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan at a programme recently said nobody, in jail or other departments, involved in such activities would be spared.
"An investigation is going on and he [Sohel] will face punishment as per law," he added.
Sohel, allegedly a Phensidyl addict, reportedly beat up some of his senior officials, including a deputy inspector general of prisons, said a number of his current and former colleagues.
He joined Chattogram Central Jail nine months ago as jailer. In 2009, he was withdrawn from the jail after prisoners started demonstrating against his behaviours, sources said.
Sohel allegedly took Tk 12 lakh from prisoners when he was in Satkhira jail in 2010. He reportedly misbehaved and manhandled the then superintendent of Satkhira jail Nurunnabi after he asked Sohel to return the money. Sohel had also threatened Nurunnabi with dire consequences.
Nurunnabi had filed three departmental complaints against him and Sohel's increments had been halted for five years after a probe. His punishment was later reduced to three years following an appeal.
In 2012, Sohel was suspended for beating up a DIG (prisons) who had investigated an allegation against him when Sohel was the jailer of Khagrachhari prison.
He said he had verbally warned Sohel and that Sohel was making such statements out of vengeance.
About Sohel's allegations against his co-workers, DIG (prisons) Chattogram Range Partha Gopal Banik said he himself is honest and what Sohel was saying in remand was out of vengeance as Partha had taken initiatives to free the prison of drugs.
He said Sohel was all powerful in the prison.
Chattogram jail has a capacity of accommodating 1,850 inmates in six buildings – the Padma, Meghna, Jamuna, Sangu, Karnaphuli, and Halda. Each building has 120 wards with capacity to accommodate 12 people. Besides, there is a female ward and a jail hospital.
Around 9,000 prisoners are in the facility, jail sources said.


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History Tells Us the Financial Sun Will Shine Again
Written by Mark Essenfeld, CFP®.
When I was quite young, the next-door neighbors were Mr. & Mrs. Hansen. I didn't know their first names as kids addressed adults Mr. & Mrs. at that time. It seemed to me that Mr. & Mrs. Hansen were really old, probably about my age now, but perspective is one of life's most amazing tricks. Being the age I was, I had a fair amount of time on my hands, you remember what that's like, so I would visit Mr. & Mrs. Hansen occasionally to see what they were doing.
Mr. Hansen usually had something going on outside. He had a large garden that I liked to help him out with, and he always had a newly completed project to show me. Keeping rabbits out, tomatoes needing to be staked, and pulling unwanted weeds made the garden an ongoing project. On a really good day, he would take me out of the garden and into the garage to show me his workbench.
One day in his garage, late in the fall after the first snow, I noticed he had purchased a new lawnmower. I asked him, "Why did you buy a lawnmower now when there's no more grass to cut?" He replied, "Well, no one wants one now, so I got a really good buy." I didn't think much of it at the time, but as I got a little older, I noticed that Mr. Hansen did the same thing many other times—he bought his gardening tools in winter and Christmas decorations in January. The older I got the smarter Mr. Hansen's buying strategy seemed to be.
One could think about buying stocks, or companies in exactly the same way if it could be determined when no one wants to buy them. But really, that's much easier than it might first appear. You know what it feels like when you are uncomfortable about the stock market. You look at your statements and the accounts are worth less and less each month. You listen to the financial media and they tell you it's the worst it's been since the Great Depression. There are many reasons why we experience a low: global political unrest, volatile oil prices, and as we are experiencing right now, a global pandemic.
Few people want to buy stocks in an environment like this, but Mr. Hansen would have been at the front of the line. The current environment of uncertainty, negativity, and depressed market values make it a great time to buy stocks "on sale". We can all learn a lesson from Mr. Hansen. He knew when he bought his lawnmower that late fall day, summer would be here soon enough, the sun would shine bright again, and there would be plenty of grass to cut.
That's my perspective on things. What's yours?
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Robert Rauschenberg Foundation Overhauls Image Rights Restrictions
A different approach is required in the digital age.
Henri Neuendorf, February 29, 2016
Robert Rauschenberg Gold Standard (1964) Photo: The Robert Rauschenberg Foundation
Robert Rauschenberg in his studio in 1962.
Photo: courtesy the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation via Facebook.
The Robert Rauschenberg Foundation has eased its image use restrictions in order to keep up to date with contemporary image sharing culture and facilitate scholarship and teaching.
In a statement, the foundation said it wanted to ensure that academics and museums have access to high quality, and crucially, factually correct, reproductions of Robert Rauschenberg's works. Moreover, according to the foundation, it has become unrealistic to enforce restrictions on image use in the social media age.
Ahead of the changes, the foundation successfully tested out the new rules through a pilot program rolled out to a small selection of museums in 2015.
Robert Rauschenberg Gold Standard (1964).
Photo: The Robert Rauschenberg Foundation.
In easing its restrictions, the Rauschenberg Foundation believes it is setting an important example for other artist's estates by discarding outdated image copyright guidelines that are incompatible with the digital age.
"The system has created barriers for the wrong people," Christy MacLear, the Rauschenberg Foundations CEO told the New York Times. "There's a lot of fear that has grown up around the use of images for things that we should all encourage, like education and scholarship and museum work."
Under its new guidelines, the foundation is making reproductions of the artist's work available under the fair use clause of copyright law, which permits the use of images for purposes such as teaching, criticism, and reporting.
Robert Rauschenberg Foundation CEO Christy MacLear.
Photo: Amber de Vos/Patrick McMullan.
Additionally the foundation indicated that it will grant image licenses for some museum catalogs and promotional material.
However, the decision comes at a significant cost. The foundation says it stands to lose up to half of its image rights income, which reportedly totals over $100,000 a year.
"While in the short-term we'll certainly see a minor loss of income," MacLear admitted in a statement, "we believe the significant increase in scholarship, accessibility, and accuracy more than outweigh the 'costs' to the foundation."
Henri Neuendorf
Specialist, Post-War and Contemporary Art
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By Lauren Palmer , Oct 22, 2015
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By Sarah Cascone , Feb 29, 2016


Bosch pioneered the idea of combining the advantages of fixed- and plunge- base routers with the GMF 1400CE, but early next year this will be superseded by the new GOF 1600CE, which incorporates several innovative features.
The concept of a multi-function router is quite simple, with the same motor unit fitting into either a fixed base or plunge base. However, the problem with this setup is that the switch then has to be located on the motor unit, rather than on the router handles, so it remains relatively inaccessible.
Bosch has overcome this very neatly with a low-voltage rail interface that allows a switch on each base to communicate with the motor unit.
It is also impossible to start the motor unless it is fitted into either of the bases, and will not start if you slide the motor unit into a base with the switch already on.
Two very bright LEDs in the motor housing are always lit when the machine is plugged in to give a useful reminder that it is 'live', and to provide some light to the working area.
The constant electronic variable speed gives a range from 10,000-25,000rpm with the selector dial being well recessed into the casing to prevent accidental changing. The smooth start really is ultra smooth, making it a pleasure to use.
The motor just slides into the base in a tool-less operation, with a snap lock to secure it. However, you do have to press a safety button to allow the motor unit to be removed completely, a feature particularly relevant if the router is mounted under a table.
To me the biggest advantage of the removable base is the clear access you then get to change the cutter, and with the spring-loaded spindle lock you need only one spanner.
Another neat feature is the ball & socket attachment of the cable into the motor housing which allows you to adjust it to the most convenient angle.
Both bases have large openings to afford better vision of the cutter, and are further enhanced by the plastic sub base that maximises the support without obscuring your view.
On the plunge base, the lock is what I call the 'positive' type in that you simply have to release the lever, push down to the correct cutting height and then release it for it to lock automatically, which I find far easier than pushing down and then having to lock manually.
The set up for depth control appears to be fairly standard with a depth stop rod operating onto a multi-position turret.
Fine-depth control is provided by a built-in adjuster, which has true micrometer-style adjustment that can still be used after the plunge has been locked. This - after lock - fine adjustment is unique to Bosch and allows precise adjustment of the bit position. One full turn of the adjustment knob equals 1.5mm but it is graduated in 0.1mm increments.
More importantly, the fine adjustment has a total range of 16mm, so you have plenty to go at.
The fixed base has a similar arrangement for fine adjustment, with three horizontal notches on both sides of the motor housing for quick operation. There is also the facility to operate the fine adjustment through a hole in the base if you are using the router upside down under a table.
Fitting guidebushes into the base of a router is always a fiddly job, but on the GOF 1600 a neat SDS system allows them to be changed and locked in position without the use of any tools.
If you look carefully the plastic sub base extends slightly beyond the cast base. This is a deliberate feature as it is far more accurate and therefore produces guaranteed centring of the cutter when working with the base against a guide rail. The sub-base can be re-aligned if necessary with the centring device provided.
Dust extraction is reasonably well catered for, although it is never easy on a router and it is all a bit fiddly to set up. A standard extraction hood fits into the base with two knurled knobs, but you are also provided with a side collection extraction hood that screws on underneath the base, a more efficient option for edge moulding.
A standard side fence incorporating fine adjustment is also included and this fits either of the bases.
My understanding is that the GOF 1600 will be sold in three variations. The first is the whole unit as tested including both bases in an L-box. The second option is the motor unit with plunge base only in an L-box and thirdly you will be able to buy the fixed base only.
Although I usually use a plunge base router I have always been keen on a fixed-base version for certain applications. This tool gives you the best of both worlds with some unique features that have to be used to be fully appreciated, but combine to make the GOF 1600CE very user friendly. The 1600W motor provides plenty of power, even for demanding cuts. The extra support provided by the transparent sub base makes it more stable, particularly on narrow workpieces, and the ease of changing guidebushes ensures template work is a doddle.
For sheer versatility and features this router from Bosch will be very hard to beat in the mid power range.


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From March 2017, cleaning company Asito started cleaning and preserving MECC Maastricht. MECC Maastricht specializes in organizing (inter) national conferences, trade fairs and events. The building consists of three storeys and is cleaned and stripped of the old preservation layer. To clean the premises, use is made of UNICLEAN LOW FOAMING. In addition, DEEPCLEAN is used, a polishing agent with very fine and non-abrasive granules for scratch-sensitive surfaces. The surfaces and frames are provided with the water-based, durable, color-restoring and reversible renovation coating NITOCRYL. After cleaning and preserving, the MECC building in Maastricht looks excellent again!
Transparenten, semi-permanenten premaz. Na vodni osnovi, akrilni premaz. Lahko se uporablja na površinah obdelanih z NITOCRYL PRIMER, kot so plastika, HPL, aluminij in druge barvne kovine. Na voljo tudi mat verzija.


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Click to copyhttps://apnews.com/RitchieValens
By The Associated PressFebruary 3, 2019
Today is Sunday, Feb. 3, the 34th day of 2019. There are 331 days left in the year.
Today's Highlight in History:
On Feb. 3, 1959, rock-and-roll stars Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson died in a small plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa.
On this date:
In 1690, the first paper money in America was issued by the Massachusetts Bay Colony to finance a military expedition to Canada.
In 1811, American newspaper editor Horace Greeley was born in Amherst, N.H.
Winter Dance Party rocked Kenosha before deadly plane crash
By JEFFREY ZAMPANTIFebruary 2, 2019
KENOSHA, Wis. (AP) — Ten days before the music died, rock 'n' roll was alive and well in Kenosha.
Teen heartthrob Buddy Holly joined rising stars Dion and the Belmonts, Ritchie Valens and J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson for the second stop of the infamous Winter Dance Party tour on Jan. 24, 1959, at the Eagles Ballroom.
Gary W. Moore: The Day the Music Died
Staff WriterJanuary 25, 2018
"A long, long time ago …" is how the song began. The classic Don McLean hit memorialized "The Day the Music Died" as a riddle within a song for all the ages to hear. "American Pie" is a history of America and the rock 'n' roll movement, and might be the most memorable song of the era.
"Not Fade Away: The Ultimate Buddy Holly Experience" comes to the Palace Danbury
Linda Tuccio-KoonzJune 19, 2017
Buddy Holly was a rising star when he died in a plane crash, along with Ritchie Valens and J.P. Richardson (the Big Bopper). Don McLean refers to the tragedy in "American Pie," as "the day the music died."
But fortunately that music lives on, thanks in part to high energy performers such as Jared Mancuso, who created and stars in "Not Fade Away: The Ultimate Buddy Holly Experience."
Guitarist who avoided Buddy Holly plane crash dies at 85
By JUAN A. LOZANOJanuary 13, 2017
HOUSTON (AP) — Tommy Allsup, a guitarist best known for losing a coin toss that kept him off a plane that later crashed and killed rock 'n' roll stars Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and J.P. "Big Bopper" Richardson, has died. He was 85.
Allsup, died Wednesday at a hospital in Springfield, Missouri, due to complications from a hernia operation, said his son Austin Allsup, a singer and musician, on Thursday. He had been hospitalized since early this month.
Los Lobos head to The Warehouse at Fairfield Theatre Company
Linda Tuccio-KoonzNovember 7, 2016
They started as a garage band in East Los Angeles back in 1973, and went on to win multiple Grammys as Los Lobos.
In 1987 they became a global phenomenon, thanks to their cover of Ritchie Valens' "La Bamba." They've been touring the world ever since, and will stop in Connecticut on Wednesday, Nov. 16, at The Warehouse at Fairfield Theatre Company.
Singer Bobby Vee recalled as 'ambassador of joy' at funeral
COLLEGEVILLE, Minn. (AP) — Pop singer Bobby Vee was given a musical farewell at his funeral with an instrumental version of his No. 1 hit "Take Good Care of My Baby."
Vee was remembered as an "ambassador of joy" Wednesday as hundreds of mourners gathered at St. John's Abbey Church in Collegeville. Vee was 73 when he died last week of advanced Alzheimer's disease.
Minnesota funeral set for Bobby Vee, 1960s pop star
COLLEGEVILLE, Minn. (AP) — Fans will say a final goodbye to 1960s pop star Bobby Vee next week.
Vee died Monday of advanced Alzheimer's disease at age 73. He had been in hospice care in Rogers, northwest of Minneapolis, in recent weeks.
Vee's funeral will be held Wednesday at noon at St. John's Abbey Church in Collegeville. Visitation is set for Tuesday.
1960s pop singer Bobby Vee has died at age 73
By JEFF BAENENOctober 24, 2016
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — Pop idol Bobby Vee, the boyish, grinning 1960s singer whose career was born when he took a Midwestern stage as a teenager to fill in after the 1959 plane crash that killed rock 'n' roll stars Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson, has died. He was 73.
The Spokesman-Review
Theater review: 'Buddy' doesn't fade away
Carolyn LambersonJuly 9, 2016
The story by now is so familiar. Young Charles Hardin Holley, nicknamed Buddy, blasts out of Lubbock, Texas, to become a pioneering and influential rock 'n' roll performer and songwriter. His death at age 22, in a 1959 airplane crash that also claimed the life of J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson and Ritchie Valens, is widely remembered as "the day the music died."
BusinessWireBeat the Post-Summer Blues at Golden Euro CasinoSeptember 3, 2018
Post-BulletinWinter Dance Party to be celebrated in Pine IslandFebruary 1, 2019
Sioux City JournalRemembering 'the day the music died' 60 years laterJanuary 26, 2019
The Daily JournalThe Buddy Holly Story playing in ChicagoJune 29, 2018


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Live At The US Festival, 1983
Released: March 27, 2012 • Available in US & Canada
The US Festival was held over two weekends in 1982 and 1983. Steve Wozniak, cofounder of Apple Computer, funded the concerts and accompanying technology exposition, as well as the construction of a brand-new outdoor venue in Glen Helen Regional Park in San Bernardino, CA. Nearly every musical genre was represented by bands as diverse as U2, Fleetwood Mac, David Bowie, Ozzy Osbourne, Waylon Jennings, Van Halen, The Police and The Clash. Over the combined seven days of the festival, more than one million people passed through the entrance gates.
May 29, 1983, was "Heavy Metal Day" at the US Festival, and the stellar lineup of bands included Quiet Riot, whose album Metal Health was well on its way to multiplatinum status. The band performed songs from their hit album that became hard rock classics, including the huge singles "Cum On Feel The Noize" and "Metal Health (Bang Your Head)."
1 Danger Zone
2 Run For Cover
3 Love's A Bitch
4 Cum On Feel The Noize
5 Slick Black Cadillac
6 Let's Get Crazy
7 Battle Axe
8 Let's Get Crazy (Reprise)
9 Metal Health (Bang Your Head)


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historical development of education in pakistan since 1947 ppt
DIFFERENT EDUCATION The National Assembly of Pakistan passed the Constitution on 10th April, 1973, the President of the Assembly authenticated it on 12th April, 1973 and the Assembly published the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Education System in India All levels of education in India, from primary to higher education, are overseen by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (Department ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 42278b-YTU0Z Since its inception, it has played a vital role in irrigation, hydroelectric power generation as well as flood control for Pakistan. Table I lays down the main economic and social indicators in 1947 and compare them with 2003. The Local Education Authorities (LEAs) took more responsibility and there was a rise in their status. More than nine million children do not receive primary or secondary education, and literacy rates are stagnant. The theme of this article revolves around the problem of political stability in context of identity and legitimacy crisis in Pakistan. The dropout rate is alarmingly high at the primary level; consequently, it is revealed by the Data Center of UNESCO, that 33.8% females and 47.18% in males could pass through the most initial level of education. On the other hand, many political parties highlighted their education … brief history: Since independence in 1947 the electronic media in Pakistan remained dominated by the state-run Pakistan Television and Pakistan Broadcasting Corporations. The paper describes the chronological development in education policy making and implementation and presents a short history of policy measures proposed during different regimes. 1 Then, Pakistan had a population of 30 million with 6 million people living in urban areas, 65% of the labour force through the Indian Independence Act, 1947). We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. The government of Pakistan has realized the importance of education for all (EFA) and priority to basic education to children has been given since 1995 (World Bank, 1996). 10.4.2 Second five year plan (1960-65) The first five year plan had failed to command wide political or public support. Therefore, in order to ensure The elementary education is a fundamental right of all children in the age group of 6-14 years. More than nine million children do not receive primary or secondary education, and literacy rates are stagnant. Around 50%-70% of federal budget is set for the development on science and higher education, particularly distributed to the commission, highest in the financial history of Pakistan. Not long after partition from India in 1947, Pakistan was plunged into a Constitutional crisis in … Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Pakistan was spun into a reality in 1947 through a nationalist theory that described the Muslims of India as being a separate cultural and political entity in the region. The new constitution adopted by India did not change the overall administrative policy of the country. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. h Even though physique and mentality are important, they are menaces without the third because character is the greatest of these. First Education Conference was convened in 1947 in the supervision of Quaid-e-Azam. Progressively elementary education would be of six years and ultimately of eight years. For a discussion of the earlier history of the region, see India. The net primary school enrolment rate in 2012-2013 is a mere 1 per cent increase from 2010-2011. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Education related statistics coupled with Pakistan's progress regarding education targets set in Vision 2030 and Pakistan's lagging behind in achieving EFA targets and its Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) for education call for an analysis of the education system of Pakistan and to look into the issues and problems it is facing so that workable solutions could be recommended. This section presents the history of Pakistan from the partition of British India (1947) to the present. The Review of Industrial Policies in Bangladesh from 1971 - 2014, National education policy 2010 (Bangladesh), No public clipboards found for this slide. The chronological development of Education during the British Period in India is discussed below: 1813 Act & the Education. Since the country's independence in 1947, the economy of Pakistan has emerged as a semi-industrialized one, based heavily on textiles, agriculture, and food production, though recent years have seen a push towards technological diversification.Pakistan's GDP growth has been gradually on the rise since 2012 and the country has made significant improvements in its provision of energy and … Pakistan— governed under the Islamic, democratic, feder-al Constitution of 1973— is comprised of four autono-mous provinces: Punjab, Sindh, North-West Frontier and Balochistan. 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historical development of education in pakistan since 1947 ppt 2021


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Horology master
Encyclopedia about watches
Is Timex Marlin a dress watch?
Should I buy a Timex Marlin?
What is a Timex Marlin?
What movement is in Timex Marlin?
How accurate is the Timex Marlin?
How many times should you wind a Timex Marlin?
What automatic movement does Timex use?
Is Timex a cheap brand?
Where are Timex watches made?
Do Timex watches need to be wound?
How long does a Timex Automatic watch last?
How can I tell if my Timex is vintage?
Timex Marlin Hand-Wound 34mm – Windup Watch Shop. The Timex Marlin is a tribute to the brand's dress watches from the 60s, made with an exacting eye for original detail. … A fine example of a classic mid-century dress watch, the Marlin is a welcome and fun addition to any watch collection.
On the wrist, I found the Marlin to be incredibly comfortable. Elegant yet understated, the 34mm steel case looks great on any size wrist and wears well. It has the vintage feel that many of us crave, but without the usually steep price tag. … You can learn more and order the Timex Marlin online.
A reissue of our 1960's classic design with domed lens and its original mechanical movement. THE WATCH THAT DEFINED OUR SHIFT TOWARDS MID-CENTURY DESIGN. Our Marlin collection pairs stainless-steel, domed crystal and mechanical movements with the timeless sophistication of a sleek mid-century design.
Back to mechanical movement
A sincere tribute to the past, the modern Timex Marlin features the same reliable, hand-wound mechanical movement as the original.
It beats at 21600 vibrations per second and provides a standard power reserve of 42 hours when fully wound. The standard accuracy of the caliber 8215 is about -20~+ 40 sec per day. The movement used in the MARLIN® Automatic watch is an unadjusted caliber featuring 21 jewels.
IT IS SURPRISING: How do I check my system clock?
Porter and Todd Snyder in offering three new hand-wound Marlin styles with exclusive new color palettes and, for the first time ever, a design specifically made for women. Hand-wind (also called manual wind) watches must be wound daily to prevent the movement from stopping.
It's an elevated timepiece, especially for Timex, with a skeletonized stainless steel case housing a Miyota 9039 automatic movement, and a price tag of $450.
Timex Price
Timex, however, is also a luxury brand but is also known for accommodating the affordability factor. Their watches are accessible for most people and allow many people to buy high-end watches.
Production. Timex Group B.V.'s products are manufactured in the Philippines, Hong Kong, China, France, India and Switzerland, often based on technology that continues to be developed in the United States and in Germany. The group has operations in a number of countries in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Oceania.
The mechanical watch movement is driven by a spring (called a mainspring) which must be wound periodically. … Currently, the Marlin automatic is the only automatic watch made by Timex and pairs stainless steel, domed crystal and mechanical movements with the timeless sophistication of a sleek mid-century design.
A Timex watch will last about five to ten years, but that can be prolonged with proper care.
Serial numbers appeared on Timex watches beginning in 1963. The last two numbers are the year in which it was made, the first two or three numbers, depending on the year, represent the catalog number, and the two or three numbers before the year represent the model number.
IT IS SURPRISING: What does the expression Clockwork Orange mean?
Categories Clock
What is a watch and why do we need it? A clock is a device for measuring time. Previously, people could not tell the time from the sun, so they used a watch. In Ancient Egypt and Babylon, sundials were used. With the help of such a device, a person could determine how much time had passed from sunrise to noon. However, this way of measuring time was inaccurate.
© 2022 Horology master


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From Science Magazine news of a prize awarded to a US physician-geneticist for his work in trying to blend science with religion.
By Jeffrey Brainard
U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director Francis Collins has won the $1.3 million 2020 Templeton Prize for his work to reconcile science and religion.
The prize, which was first awarded in 1973, was created by John Templeton, a successful investor who died in 2008. It honors those who have advanced Templeton's vision of "harnessing the power of the sciences to explore the deepest questions of the universe and humankind's place and purpose within it."
Collins wrote a bestselling book in 2006 that argues that scientific inquiry and Christianity are not incompatible, and that religious faith can inspire scientific discovery. He has continued to speak publicly about those ideas since he became NIH director in 2009, even as some researchers have criticized those activities as inappropriate for the leader of a federal science agency.
Continue reading @ Science Magazine.
NIH Director Francis Collins Honored For Work To Bridge Science And Religion
By AM Sunday, May 24, 2020
Science & Religion Science Magazine


Ford and Chip Ganassi campaigned two Ford GTs at the final Road Atlanta event in the 2018 IMSA GTLM series. Cars number 66 and 67 competed in the final race, and while car 67 had a chance to win the driver's championship their fifth-place finish wasn't quite high enough to nab that title.
But Ford's GT did take home its first manufacturer's title. With first place finishes in five races this season the Ford GTs only needed to cross the starting line to secure the manufacturer's title, which meant all the Ford GT owners in attendance could relax a bit after the first lap in the 10-hour race was over.
I attended this year's Petit Le Mans, even though I was between Ford GTs at the time. With my former 2005 Ford GT now owned by Doug DeMuro, and my new Ford GT about 3 months from being completed, I could only watch the 25-plus Ford GTs that did show up, several from as far away as Arizona, Michigan and Texas.
Despite not having my own GT it was, as always, amazing to see so many Ford GTs driving together on the roads between our host hotel in Alpharetta and Road Atlanta. This was the first owner's event where new Ford GTs were rivaling the 2005-2006 models, with the total split nearly evenly between the two.
On Friday we all caravanned to Road Atlanta and were allowed to park in front of BBS Wheels' U.S. headquarters, which is right next to Road Atlanta. The line-up looked pretty impressive and created quite a sight for race fans entering the track.
On Saturday, race day, there was a Ford GT Corral for parking the cars at Road Atlanta. With 27 cars in the corral, plus a another Liquid Red Ford GT at the Ford Performance display, and Dave Bannister's Riviera Blue GT at the Michelin booth, there were plenty of Blue Oval emblems throughout Road Atlanta.
There's still no confirmation on whether Ford will extend its race program beyond 4 years. If it doesn't, 2019 will be the last season with Ford backing of the GT race program. The teams seem to be getting stronger every season. Maybe 2019 will be the Ford GT's best year yet for titles and championships.
Either way, I'm looking forward to attending these events with my own Ford GT.
Previous Post:Ford Will Produce More Ford GTs — But How Many is Too Many?


Baseline: Pre-SOP and box breathing, then ROM drills. Run 400m, 3 rounds – 10x wall ball clean, 10x burpee, 50M bear crawl.
Stamina: 4 rounds, not timed: 10x Sumo Dead Lift @ 70%, 2x rope climb, 50m buddy pull with heavy band.
Durability: Row 1,000m for time (focus on having a negative split on the last 500m). 3 rounds – 20x GHD sit ups, 10x back extensions. Warrior yoga drills. Hydrate and fuel within 30 minutes. Journal post training session SOP.
Notes: for WC the max rep pull-ups is until you drop off the bar.
We did the Stamina and Work Capacity this morning. Love the Buddy Pulls!
Being 20 pounds down really helped with the Nicole workout.
I set a PR this morning of 137 reps in 6 rounds. 51, 23, 22, 13, 18, 10. It felt great.


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Brudnów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wieniawa, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Wieniawa,  east of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

The village has a population of 220.

References

Villages in Przysucha County

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


John Jung, Director of New Creation Counseling Center, wrote a devotional book that has been compiled over the years. John's hope "...is that you, dear reader, will choose to get closer to your heavenly father, and that this little book will, in some way, help that process."
All proceeds from the sales of this book will go to New Creation Counseling Center, to aid in its mission to be a healing place for people, regardless of their ability to pay for services.
Suggested donation is a minimum of $10 that you can pay via PayPal below.
First fill out the form below with your mailing information and press submit. Then make your payment via PayPal below that.


The meteorological department says mainly fair weather will prevail over most parts of the island.
However, a few showers are likely in the Western, Central, Sabaragamuwa and North-western provinces and in the Galle and Matara districts.
A few showers will occur in the sea areas off the coast extending from Puttalam to Hambantota via Colombo and Galle.
Winds will be South-Westerly in direction and speed will be 30-40kmph.
The sea area extending from Puttalam to Trincomalee via Mannar and Kankasanthurai, and the sea area extending from Pottuvil to Hambantota may be rough at times as the wind speed can be increased up to 60 kmph.


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On That Note: Physical Demands of a Musician
By Bonnie North,
Published May 4, 2015 at 1:25 PM CDT
Wolfgang Gauch
Cellist Robert Cohen
We talk every month with cellist Robert Cohen of the Fine Arts Quartet, in a series of conversations called On That Note.
Cohen is recently back from London, and this month, he discusses the physical toll of being a professional touring musician, and whether there is regimen to follow to withstand that toll and still perform at your best:
Lake Effect contributor Robert Cohen is an award-winning recording artist, conductor, artistic director and cellist for the Fine Arts Quartet.
Lake Effect: Segments Podcast On That NoteLake Effect
For 35 years one of the worlds leading cello soloist, Robert Cohen is an award-winning recording artist, conductor, artistic director and pedagogue who has been broadcast on TV and radio throughout the world. His passionate views on the art of learning, performing and communicating music have been widely published.
See stories by Robert Cohen


I was able to run the MySQL client test code provided while running a MySQL server native on windows.  That convinced me that MySQL was ready to go providing I could get the rest of it working, which is still a work in progress.
These errors come from some of the windows include files that get sucked in when including ws2tcpip.h.  Seems the whole winsock infrastructure conflicts with some of the unix includes.
I'm still debugging and working on this, but I just wanted to give a preliminary report. Hopefully I'll have some better news soon.
> >   change the 0 to a 1.
> >       may do the trick.
> >       that may do the job.
> >       the connection using that function.
> > porting the shim to your architecture is wasted.
> works correctly for you.


I bought these tulip bulbs from my local nursery back in April. I had never grown tulips before so I thought I would give them a try. As I mentioned in a previous post, I made a random soil mix with lots of compost and sand for drainage. Now, after months of anticipation with the bulbs staying dormant in the soil, they have burst out – look how they have grown! These look like they will be great for cutting – the stems are nearly 2 feet tall. The way the pot (also new at the time) has aged as well make this whole thing such a decorative piece.


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"Hrithik is the best dancer in the industry" – Shahid Kapoor
March 27, 2014 at 12:40 pm by Deepa
Shahid Kapoor is now to host the 15th edition of the International Indian Film Academy (IIFA) Awards with Farhan Akhtar. The romantic hero known for his chocolate boy looks is also well applauded for his amazing dance moves. However, Shahid revers Hrithik beyond measure and says that he is not even a patch on Hrithik Roshan when it comes to dancing skills.
Sharing his views, Shahid said – "I am extremely happy to host IIFA again and more than that i am excited to see Hrithik performing. He is the best dancer in the industry. I remember watching Koi..Mil Gaya and i felt like a shit actor" Shahid told at IIFA Press Conference that was held on Thursday.
The event that will held in Tampa Bay, Florida from April 23 to April 26, will be a magnanimous affair with extreme star gaze. The actor shared his excitement on hosting the show with Farhan Akhtar, second time after IIFA 2012 in Singapore – "I had a great time hosting the show with Farhan. It takes a lot of effort to create such an event and i am looking forward to be part of this" he said.
Shahid Kapoor recently starred in 'R..Rajkumar' with Sonakshi Sinha playing the female lead. The movie that was a minimum guarantee commercial flick had Sonu Sood in a prominent role. Shahid's candid demeanor and extreme makeover post his break up with ex girlfriend Kareena Kapoor is very well known. The actor was later linked to Priyanka Chopra, who happened to be Kareena's arch rival. With not many films riding success after Jab We Met, Shahid hopes to bring in this year with better luck.


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"I have only been a fan of your group for a few weeks now but I love what you do. Every single one of you have such a commitment to the group. Every single one of you dedicate your time and energy to what ever you were tasked to do and complete it. I hope your group has fun and keep up the great work."
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Home > NEWS > Buzz
g.o.d's Kim Tae Woo Speaks Up About HyunA and Hyunsik's Plagiarism Issue
The g.o.d member gives his side about HyunA's issue Kim Tae Woo, member of the group g. o. d, has then issued an official statement with regards to HyunA and BTOB Hyunsik's plagiarism issue of g.
Jul 31, 2014 08:03 PM BST
TAGㆍKim Tae Wooㆍ HyunA
(Photo : FNC Entertainment)
Kim Tae Woo, member of the group g.o.d, has then issued an official statement with regards to HyunA and BTOB Hyunsik's plagiarism issue of g.o.d's song "The Reason Why Opposites Attract" in HyunA's new track, "From Where and Until When."
On Julu 31, a statement by Kim Tae Woo's agency Soul Shop Entertainment, "We're grateful for HyunA and Lim Hyunsik's homage (to our song) with Hyunsik's self-composed and written song, but it's very unfortunate that we came to know of this belatedly and we weren't consulted nor did they get consent from us beforehand."
"Although we're left with the regret that it could have been a better picture if they only consulted us ahead of time, we will take this incident well as it has the intention to honor and congratulate g.o.d's comeback," which Kim Tae Woo added in the statement. "We hope there will be prior consultation in the future," he emphasized.
In line with the news, following JYP Entertainment's statement on the issue, CUBE Entertainment's President Hong Seung Sung has then released his statement through the agency's official Twitter account, which states an apology for HyunA's "From Where and Until When," which has been under fire for its lyrics that lifted parts from g.o.d's "The Reason Why Opposites Attract."
"We apologize that we weren't able to inform the concerned parties about the song that these two artists (BTOB's Hyunsik and 4Minute's HyunA) have written and composed as an homage to producer Park Jin Young and their seniors g.o.d," the statement said. "We recognize that there was carelessness on our part for not being able to carefully supervise the technicalities concerned with the intentions of our artists."


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AAPA Meets Le Monde's Top Brass
|In Meeting
More than 20 AAPA members went to Le Monde on November 9 to meet with the group's director, Éric Fottorino, and chief editor Sylvie Kauffmann, over an informal, bring-your-own lunch in the newspaper's conference room. The discussion centered around the paper's new trio of major shareholders who saved the paper from bankruptcy — Pierre Bergé, Xavier Niel and Matthieu Pigasse — and their impact or lack of it so far on the paper. We also discussed the intervention of President Sarkozy, concerned about potential new owners, with Mr. Fottorino; the Bettencourt affair and Le Monde's lawsuit alleging violation of a law against investigating journalists' sources. Other topics included the digital future, whether the paper considered morning publication, and how the paper makes its editorial decisions.
-Steve Erlanger


Congratulations to the Millet Museum for winning local competition. The Museum won Millet in Bloom's best garden for organizations in the community. Millet in Bloom is a finalist for the specialty Tidiness and Heritage.
Congratulations on winning the local competition!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


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Doc grow small
Alongside the traditional Chianti of the Pisan Hills assert themselves new names that make this area one of the most interesting of the regional landscape.
In Pisano, wine has been from time immemorial. This is an ancient practice that was common knowledge in recent times with renewed understanding, valuing the best of tradition through the knowledge and tools of modern technology. In the great wines of Tuscany, then, are the productions of Pisa occupy a respectable position, and are also making increasingly successful, both in terms of sales and appreciation from fans and professionals from around the world. High quality standards have been reached by all the provincial productions, old and new family farms have turned into real companies that produce brand DOC and DOCG.
The Pisan hills are particularly suited to an ecosystem winemaking thanks to the beneficent influence of the nearby Tyrrhenian. The base sees ampelographic prevail classic Tuscan grape, Sangiovese or Trebbiano Toscano and, followed by Chianti Malvasia and Vermentino. If the grapes are the same, the wines of Pisa, however, have each its own distinct personality: the main ones are DOCG Chianti of the Pisan Hills next to Doc Bianco Pisano di San Torpè, Montescudaio and Colli Etruria Centrale. The production area of Chianti of the Pisan Hills includes a large area that extends from the Pisan Hills to the San Miniato area, comes from the classic grape of Chianti (sangiovese, canaiolo black, Tuscan Trebbiano and Malvasia of Chianti), and is distinguished by its bright red color The intense aroma and dry flavor, making it the ideal companion to red meat and game roasts. Among the rivers Arno and Cecina, the western foothills of Chianti, the area lies instead of the more typical white Pisa, San Torpè, which takes its name from the first saint and martyr of Pisa. Produced in a wide area, this White has been "invented" by the producers making the best of Chianti Tuscan Trebbiano, Malvasia blended with fermented canaiolo Tuscan white. Pale yellow color, delicate aroma and dry flavor, Bianco di San Torpé is ideal to accompany fish and light hors d'oeuvres, is also produced in Vin Santo, perfect to accompany a meal biscuits and biscuits. Close to the Val di Cornia and Livorno we find the Doc Montescudaio, considered one of the emerging areas of Tuscany wine. The production area is located in the hills near the Tyrrhenian coast and includes the towns of Montescudaio, Guardistallo, Casale Marittimo and Riparbella. The Red is mainly produced with Sangiovese grapes, black Canaiolo, Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia del Chianti, as can be seen, the blend is very similar to that of Chianti wines of this area but have a note "softer" due to beneficial influence of maritime climate. The Red has bright color, intense aroma and dry flavor that goes well with white meat and red but also with cheese. The type is produced with white grapes Trebbiano Tuscan canaiolo White, Vermentino and Malvasia of Chianti goes well with appetizers and delicate pastas, fish and shellfish. Even in this case the product specification admits a Vin Santo, based on the same grapes.
The area of the DOC Colli Etruria Centrale coincides with that of the Chianti of the Pisan Hills, but manufacturers should opt for one or another denomination. The range includes the classic varieties of Doc Red, White, Rose and Vin Santo. Rosso and Rosato are obtained from a blend similar to that of Chianti, Vin Santo and White are also derived from a blend of traditional Tuscan grapes, with the addition of small amounts of pinot, white or gray. The red goes well with white and red meats, sausages and toast to the Rose, while White is a classic wine for every meal.
一个白人至上
比恩蒂纳
海洋Vecchiano


Meadowlark Consulting Group specializes in leadership coaching and executive development at the individual, team and organization level. We facilitate, we coach individuals, and we coach leaders how to develop other leaders on their teams. We believe leadership can be tapped at all levels of the organization and companies can 'give voice to leadership' by developing leaders who develop leaders. We specialize in accelerating the development of high performance leaders and building the leadership pipeline. Our programs are all designed in collaboration with our clients to produce breakthrough results that are specific and measurable.


For more information about Word Banishment and previous year's lists, visit www.lssu.edu/banished. The site includes history and a form for submitting words and phrases. Word-watchers may check the alphabetical "complete list" on the website before making their submissions.
Nominations concerning the economy started rolling in as the 2009 list was being put together last year, i.e. "bailout." They kept coming this year, in these trouble economic times. "South Park" warned us about what would happen if we angered The Economy.
Personas – What is the Internet's Perception of You!


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Madonna and Child with St Anne and the Young St John - Leonardo Da Vinci - WikiGallery.org, the largest gallery in the world
Madonna and Child with St Anne and the Young St John - Leonardo Da Vinci
Madonna and Child with St Anne and the Young St John
by Leonardo Da Vinci
English: "Madonna and Child with St Anne and the Young St John" oil on Canvas, location: National Gallery, London, England.
National Gallery, London, England
10.00 stars of max. 10
Madonna Litta (detail) c. 1490-91 - Leonardo Da Vinci
Madonna Litta detail 1 - Leonardo Da Vinci
Madonna of the Rocks, Scene Mary with baby Jesus, John the Baptist as a child and an angel 2 - Leonardo Da Vinci
Madonna with the Yarnwinder after 1510 - Leonardo Da Vinci
Mona Lisa (detail) - Leonardo Da Vinci
Mona Lisa [detail: 3] (or La Gioconda) - Leonardo Da Vinci
Multi Barrel Gun - Leonardo Da Vinci
Muscles of the neck and shoulders 1515 - Leonardo Da Vinci
Narcissus - Leonardo Da Vinci
Christ in Glory - Lombard School
The Entombment 2 - Orazio Farinati
Vestiture of St Bridget - Lorenzo Lotto
Madonna and Child with St Anne St John the Baptist and St Joseph - da Imola (Francucci)
The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian - Master of the Playing Cards
The Madonna with the Carthusians - Jan Van Eyck
Betrayal Of Christ 3 - Albrecht Durer
Ecce Homo - (after) Jan (Mabuse) Gossaert
Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden - Pere Mates
Categories: pop art | renaissance - high | religion & philosophy | christianity | children | women | christianity | virgin and the child


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La Maison des notaires est un bâtiment commercial de l'île de La Réunion, département et région d'outre-mer français dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien. Situé dans le centre-ville de Saint-Denis à la croisée des rues La Bourdonnais et Jean-Chatel, il est inscrit à l'inventaire supplémentaire des Monuments historiques depuis le . Le bâtiment accueille actuellement une agence de la BRED Banque populaire.

Références

Liens externes

Notaires
Notaires
Monument historique à Saint-Denis (La Réunion)
Monument historique inscrit en 1996
Rue Jean-Chatel
Maison monument historique (France)
BPCE


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Тхонглун Сисулит (; род. 10 ноября 1945, Хуапхан, Лаос) — лаосский государственный и политический деятель. Премьер-министр Лаосской Народно-Демократической Республики с 20 апреля 2016 года по 22 марта 2021 года. Член Политбюро ЦК НРПЛ. Генеральный Секретарь ЦК НРПЛ с 15 января 2021 года.
Президент Лаоса с 22 марта 2021 года.

Биография
Сисулит родился 10 ноября 1945 года в провинции Хуапхан, Лаос. С 1962 по 1969 годы учился в педагогическом колледже Патриотического фронта Лаоса.

Позднее продолжил своё обучение в Советском Союзе, где в 1978 году окончил филологический факультет Ленинградского государственного педагогического института имени А. И. Герцена, а в 1984 году получил докторскую степень в Академии общественных наук при ЦК КПСС.

Заместитель министра иностранных дел Лаоса (1987—1992), министр труда и социального обеспечения Лаоса (1993—1996).

Являлся членом Национальной ассамблеи (с 1997 по 2001 возглавлял парламентский комитет по международным делам, с 2001 по 2006 — председатель комитета по государственному планированию и инвестициям и комитета по энергетике);

Член Политбюро ЦК НРПЛ с 2001 года.

Заместитель премьер-министра Лаоса (2001—2016). Министр иностранных дел Лаоса (2006—2016).

23 января 2016 года на 10-м съезде Народно-революционной партии Лаоса, являющейся правящей и единственной политической партией в стране, был рекомендован на пост премьер-министра. 20 апреля 2016 года кандидатура была одобрена депутатами Народного собрания.

Помимо родного лаосского владеет вьетнамским, английским и русским языками.

Награды
 Орден «Хосе Марти» (Куба).
 Орден Золотой Звезды (Вьетнам).
 Орден Хо Ши Мина (Вьетнам).
 Рыцарь Большой ленты Ордена Белого слона (Таиланд).
 Большой крест ордена Южного Креста (Бразилия).
 Орден Дружбы (20 октября 2015 года, Россия) — за большой вклад в укрепление дружбы и сотрудничества с Российской Федерацией, развитие экономических связей, сохранение и популяризацию русского языка и культуры за рубежом.
 5 октября 2015 года был награждён почётной золотой медалью Российского фонда мира «За миротворческую и благотворительную деятельность».

Примечания

Политики XXI века
Правители XXI века
Премьер-министры, вступившие в должность в 2016 году
Филологи по алфавиту
Филологи XX века
Филологи XXI века
Премьер-министры Лаоса
Министры иностранных дел Лаоса
Президенты, вступившие в должность в 2021 году
Действующие руководители государств


ww MU)IV PUIS (jUIUili PLAN UNION OF AMERICA8. Second Pan-American Sclentlflo Congress Con-gress Opens at Capital. Washington. Pan-Americonlsra, tho union of tho two Americas In 8clen,unc JLdeavors, trndo expansion and cop-orallonor cop-orallonor national ibattcrmonMAas tho koynoto sounded 'by tlio hundAds of dolegatcs arriving in Washington for tho thirteen-day session of tlio ieo-ond ieo-ond Pan-American Scientific congress which opened Monday. President Wilson, Vico President Marshall, Secrotary of Stato Lansing, diplomatic head's of twenty-one Latin-American Latin-American countries, noted scientists, Jurists and otlior learned mon ot th republics -will tako part In the proceed Ings. ""About 1.G00 dologates representing represent-ing ovory flold ot sclentlflo effort will &t "ind tho various sessions.


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Melissa Zhang's proposal is for 'Trailblazers', a climate-focused business book telling the stories of seven women leaders tackling decarbonisation © Mario Tama/Getty
Finalists for the 2021 Bracken Bower Prize tackle cyber crime, the future of higher education and the stories of seven changemakers fighting to arrest climate change, in their proposals for new business books.
The £15,000 prize, first awarded in 2014 and supported by the Financial Times and McKinsey, goes to the best business book proposal by an author aged under 35, and has become a powerful launchpad for many younger writers seeking publication.
This year's finalists are:
Manuel Hepfer for The Cybersecurity Wake-Up Call
Ines Lee and Eileen Tipoe for Failing the Class
Melissa Zhang for Trailblazers
Hepfer is a research analyst at ISTARI Global and a research affiliate at Oxford university's Saïd Business School. Lee and Tipoe are, respectively, a junior research fellow in economics at Homerton College, University of Cambridge, and a senior lecturer in economics at Queen Mary University of London. Zhang is an MBA/MPA student at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and Harvard Kennedy School.
A panel of expert judges selected the three proposals from a shortlist of entries, drawn from the range of titles submitted for this year's prize. Long-serving panellist Jorma Ollila, former chair of Royal Dutch Shell and Nokia, described this year's list as one of the best he had reviewed.
The judges are looking for a proposal that provides a compelling and enjoyable insight into future trends in business, economics, finance or management. You can read excerpts from the 2021 finalists' proposals here. The winner will be announced on December 1 at an online event, where the 2021 FT & McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award will also be presented.
The other judges this year are: Stephanie Frerich, executive editor at publisher Simon & Schuster; Isabel Fernandez-Mateo, professor of strategy and entrepreneurship at London Business School; and Andrew Leon Hanna, who won the prize in 2018 and has recently signed an agreement with Cambridge University Press to publish a book based on his proposal, 25 Million Sparks, about the rise of entrepreneurs in refugee camps and cities.
All the finalists will be invited to a virtual masterclass with representatives from the publishing industry, who will advise them on how to bring their business ideas to the bookshelves.
Last year's winner was Stephen Boyle with his timely proposal New Money, about how central bank digital currencies could reshape the economy. Jonathan Hillman won the 2019 Bracken Bower Prize with his proposal, entitled The Sinolarity, for a book about the battle between the US and China for control over the next generation of technology, recently published as The Digital Silk Road.
Other winners and finalists have also had proposals taken up by publishers.
Saadia Zahidi, the inaugural winner of the Bracken Bower Prize, saw Fifty Million Rising, a book based on her winning proposal, make the long list of the 2018 FT/McKinsey book award. Meltdown, by Chris Clearfield and András Tilcsik, who won the Bracken Bower Prize in 2015, received Canada's National Business Book Award in 2019.
The Bracken Bower Prize is named after Brendan Bracken, former chair of the FT, and Marvin Bower, former managing director of McKinsey.
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Arthur Lyons Film Noir Festival Returns to Palm Springs May 16 – 19, 2013.
The Arthur Lyons Film Noir Festival returns to the Camelot Theatres in Palm Springs to celebrate its 14th year on May 16-19, 2013. Writer and Film Noir Foundation director Alan K. Rode, who is producing and hosting the festival for the sixth consecutive year, promises another fun-filled weekend of classic noir enlivened by special guest star appearances and introductions by noted film historians.
"I try to keep the Festival fresh for our core audience members who aren't necessarily habitués of the film noir festival circuit," said Rode. "While the guest stars and the commentators are a major component of the festival's rich heritage, our loyal patrons continue to sustain the Arthur Lyons Film Noir Festival primarily because of the unique mix of films that are programmed every year."
Rode is scheduled to share the hosting duties with Film Noir Foundation President, Eddie Muller, and film historian/writer Foster Hirsch. All Access Passes are scheduled to go on Sale on Monday April 15, 2013.


To make a long story short, I need to replace the wiring in my 1970 coupe as the original harnesses has been butchered and I have all sorts of electrical gremlins. I was thinking of getting the American Autowire Classic Update kit 1970 Mustang. I'm still fairly new to mechanical work and haven't done too much wiring. My question is...How difficult is it to install one of these kits? Would I be making a mistake to replace all the wiring myself?
I installled an AAW in my 65 last summer. It took about 5 days to gut all the wiring and install the new one, and that was without disassembling the car. I'm fairly handy with low voltage wires, but I found it to be one of the simplistic projects I took up. Just be sure to get the expensive crimper designed for the kit. Some places have them for rent.
I agree with AJ I did the AAW kit on both my daughters 67 and my 65. another nice to have but not really necessary tool that I absolutely love for wiring is a power probe. it is great for testing circuits. I also recommend the power braid loom wrap from painless wiring.
Thank you, I'm going to attempt to start it this weekend. I got these crimpers off of amazon, think these are good enough?
Late to the party but I did the AAW kit in my last 1970 and just bought another kit to do my current one. Were you able to get the install completed?


DJ Khaled and Queen Latifah were honored at VH1's Save The Music 20th Anniversary Gala on Oct. 16.
The music education initiative, which works to restore music programs in the country's public schools, honored Khaled and Latifah for their contributions.
Toyota partnered with "Save The Music" for its Giving Award, which was presented to DJ Khaled for his commitment to education. Toyota's Steve Curtis honored Khaled with the award.
DJ Steve Aoki also received the Music Innovator Award, and Wyclef Jean performed a set dedicated to Queen Latifah.


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Umstadt steht für:
 Bereich Umstadt Weinbaubereich im Weinbaugebiet Hessische Bergstraße

Umstadt ist Name für folgende Orte:
 Groß-Umstadt im Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg in Hessen
 Klein-Umstadt (Stadtteil von Groß-Umstadt)
 Wenigumstadt (Stadtteil von Großostheim)

Umstadt ist Name für das Kondominat Umstadt, das das von der Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts bis 1803 bestehende unter verschiedenen Herrschaften gemeinsam verwaltete Gebiet um Umstadt beschreibt.

Umstadt ist der Name des Uradelsgeschlechts:
 der Wambolt von Umstadt

Umstadt ist der Name für folgende Personen:
 Anselm Casimir Wambolt von Umstadt

Siehe auch:
 Joseph Umstatt