text:
\section{Introduction}
The nanomechanical resonator (NMR) is a relevant tool for building  ultra-sensitive measurement devises \cite{gr_cool, rew_nm,rew_m}. Therefore, its
properties were and are continuously investigated. Outstanding works towards NMR cooling to quantum regimes were already reported
\cite{cool,cool1,ccooll,ccool,cool2,cool3,cool4}. An important issue here is how to detect experimentally the mechanical vibrations of the NMR. One option
is the superconducting quantum interferometer where the vibrations  of the NMR are detected via variation of the magnetic field \cite{interf}.
The mechanical vibrations can be detected as well via a single-electron transistor which is extremely sensitive to electrical charges \cite{tranz}.
Additionally one can use interference effects among the incident light on the NMR and the reflected one \cite{tabl_int}. Furthermore,
high-sensitivity optical monitoring of a micro-mechanical resonator with a quantum-limited opto-mechanical sensor was reported in Ref.~\cite{opt_sens},
while fast sensitive displacement measurements in Ref.~\cite{fast}, respectively. Remarkably, the quantum motion of a nanomechanical resonator
was experimentally observed in \cite{qmot}. The possibility of real time displacement detection by the luminescence signal and of displacement fluctuations
by the degree of second-order coherence function was recently demonstrated in \cite{g2}.

Here, we look for a regime where cooling of a nano-mecanical oscillator is correlated with emission processes such that the maximum photon detection
corresponds to vibrational phonon minimum. For this, we investigate a laser-pumped two-level quantum dot which is fixed on a nanomechanical beam
while suspended in an optical resonator (see Fig.~\ref{fig-1}a). If the quantum dot dynamics is faster than that of nano-beam and cavity dynamics,
respectively, one arrives at a situation where laser photon and phonon absorption processes are accompanied with photon emission in the cavity mode
(see Fig.~\ref{fig-1}b). Therefore, the cavity photon detection assures the cooling of the nanomechanical resonator.

The article is organized as follows. In Sec. II we describe the theoretical framework used to obtain the master equation characterizing the correlated
cooling dynamics of nanomechanical degrees of freedom. Section III deals with the corresponding equations of motion and discussion of the obtained
results while the Summary is given in the last section, i.e., Sec. IV.
\begin{figure}[b]
\centering
\includegraphics[height=3.5cm]{Fig1}
\caption{\label{fig-1}
(color online) Schematic model: (a) A laser-pumped two-level quantum dot with transition frequency $\omega_{0}$ is fixed on a nanomechanical resonator
vibrating at frequency $\omega$. The quantum dot is interacting also with the quantized resonator optical mode of frequency $\omega_{C}$.
(b) Correlated cooling dynamics occurs when a laser photon absorption together with a vibrational phonon absorption is accompanied by the emission of a cavity photon.}
\end{figure}

\section{Theoretical framework}
Let's consider a setup represented in Figure~({\ref{fig-1}}a): Inside an optical resonator is placed a NMR incorporating a laser pumped two-level quantum
dot. The laser beam wave-vector is $\vec k_{L}$ while its frequency is $\omega_{L}$. The frequency of the optical resonator is $\omega_{C}$ and
the nanomechanical vibrational frequency is $\omega$. The energy separation between the excited bare-state $|e\rangle$ and the ground one,
$|g\rangle$, is denoted by $\hbar\omega_{0}$.  The master equation describing the whole system in the Born-Markov approximations and in a frame
rotating at the laser frequency $\omega_{L}$ is:
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\frac{d}{dt}\rho(t) + \frac{i}{\hbar}[H,\rho]=-\gamma [S^{+},S^{-}\rho] - \gamma_{c}[S_{z},S_{z}\rho] \nonumber \\
&&- \kappa_{a}[a^{\dagger},a\rho] - \kappa_{b}(1+\bar{n})[b^{\dagger},b\rho] - \kappa_{b}\bar{n}[b,b^{\dagger}\rho] + H.c., \nonumber \\
\label{Me}
\end{eqnarray}
where $S_{z}$ and $S^{\pm}$ are the qubit operators satisfying the standard commutation relations, while $\{a^{\dagger},a\}$ and
$\{ b^{\dagger},b\}$ are the generation and annihilation operators for photon and phonon subsystems, respectively, and obey the boson
commutation relations  \cite{kmek}. $\gamma$ and $\gamma_c$ are the single-qubit spontaneous decay and dephasing rates, respectively,
whereas $\kappa_{a}(\kappa_{b})$ is the photon (phonon) resonator damping rate, and $\bar n$ is the mean-phonon number corresponding
to temperature $T$ and vibrational frequency $\omega$. The Hamilton operator, i.e. $H$, is given by the following expression:
\begin{eqnarray}
H&=& \hbar \Delta S_{z} - \hbar \Delta_{1}a^{\dagger}a + \hbar \omega b^{\dagger}b + \hbar \Omega(S^{+}+ S^{-}) \nonumber \\
 &+&\hbar g(a^{\dagger}S^{-} +  aS^{+}) + \hbar\lambda S_{z} (b^{\dagger}+b). \label{Hmn}
\end{eqnarray}
In Eq.~(\ref{Hmn}), the first three terms describe the free energies of the artificial two-level system as well as of the optical and
mechanical modes. The fourth and the fifth terms characterize the interaction of the quantum dot with the laser field and optical resonator
mode, respectively. The last term takes into account the interaction of the vibrational degrees of freedom with the radiator \cite{cool}.
Correspondingly, $g$ and $\lambda$ denote the interaction strengths among the two-level emitter and the involved optical and mechanical
modes, while $\Omega$ is the corresponding Rabi frequency due to external laser pumping. $\Delta=\omega_{0}-\omega_{L}$ describes
the detuning of the laser frequency from the two-level transition frequency, while $\Delta_{1}=\omega_{L} - \omega_C$  accordingly is the
detuning of the cavity frequency from the laser one.

For our purpose, it is more appropriate to use the laser-qubit dressed-state representation given by \cite{SCMM}: $|g\rangle=\sin{\theta}|
+ \rangle + \cos{\theta}|-\rangle$ and $|e\rangle=\cos{\theta}|+\rangle - \sin{\theta}|-\rangle$, with $|+\rangle$ and $|-\rangle$ being
the corresponding states in the dressed-state picture. Here, $2\theta$ is the angle in the right triangle, drawn in imaginative space of
frequencies, with adjoining cathetus $\Delta/2$ and opposite cathetus $\Omega$, and, therefore, $\cot{2\theta}=\Delta/2\Omega$. In the
case when $\Omega \gg \{\gamma,\gamma_{c}\} \gg \kappa_{a,b}$ while $\Omega \gg \{g,\lambda\} >\{\gamma,\gamma_{c}\}$, meaning
that the dynamics of the cavity photon and NMR phonon subsystems are slower than the quantum dot dynamics, one can eliminated the
quantum dot variables (see also \cite{SCMM,zb1,kzek,gxl}). Thus, the master equation describing the cavity and NMR degrees of freedom can be
represented as:
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{d}{dt}\rho(t) &+&\frac{i}{2}(\Delta_{1}+\omega)[b^{\dagger}b-a^{\dagger}a,\rho] = \nonumber \\
&-& A^{\ast}_{1}[a,a^{\dagger}\rho] - B^{\ast}_{1}[a^{\dagger},a\rho] - A^{\ast}_{2}[b,b^{\dagger}\rho] \nonumber \\
&-& B^{\ast}_{2}[b^{\dagger},b\rho]+ C^{\ast}_{1}[b,a^{\dagger}\rho] + D^{\ast}_{1}[b^{\dagger},a\rho]
\nonumber \\
&+& C^{\ast}_{2}[a^{\dagger},b\rho] + D^{\ast}_{2}[a,b^{\dagger}\rho] + H.c.. \label{MeCN}
\end{eqnarray}
Here $"\ast"$ means complex conjugation, whereas
\begin{eqnarray*}
A^{\ast}_{1}&=&\frac{1}{4}\frac{g^2 \sin ^2{2 \theta}}{\Gamma_{\shortparallel} - i\Delta_{1} }+\frac{g^2 P_{-} \sin^4{\theta}}{\Gamma_{\perp}
+i (2\Omega_{R} -\Delta_{1} )}\nonumber\\
&+&\frac{g^2 P_{+}\cos ^4{\theta}}{\Gamma_{\perp}- i (2 \Omega_{R}+\Delta_{1}  )},
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
A^{\ast}_{2}&=&\frac{1}{4}\bigg(\frac{\lambda^{2}\cos^{2}{2\theta}}{\Gamma_{\shortparallel}+i \omega }+\frac{\lambda^{2}P_{-}
\sin^{2}{2\theta}}{\Gamma_{\perp} + i(2 \Omega_{R} +\omega )}\nonumber\\
&+&\frac{\lambda^{2}P_{+}\sin^{2}{2 \theta}}{\Gamma_{\perp} - i(2 \Omega_{R}-\omega  )}\bigg)+\kappa_{b}\bar{n}, \nonumber \\
C^{\ast}_{1}&=&\frac{P_{+}}{2}\frac{g\lambda \sin{2\theta}\cos^{2}{\theta}}{\Gamma_{\perp} -i (2\Omega_{R}+\Delta_{1}) }
-\frac{P_{-}}{2}\frac{g\lambda \sin{2\theta}\sin^{2}{\theta}}{\Gamma_{\perp}+ i (2\Omega_{R}-\Delta_{1})} \nonumber\\
&-&\frac{1}{4}\frac{g\lambda \sin{2 \theta}\cos{2\theta}}{\Gamma_{\shortparallel} -i\Delta_{1}}, \nonumber\\
C^{\ast}_{2}&=&\frac{P_{-}}{2}\frac{g\lambda \sin{2\theta}\cos^{2}{\theta}}{\Gamma_{\perp} + i(2\Omega_{R}-\omega) }
-\frac{P_{+}}{2}\frac{g\lambda \sin{2\theta}\sin^{2}{\theta}}{\Gamma_{\perp}- i (2\Omega_{R}+\omega)}\nonumber\\
&-&\frac{1}{4}\frac{g\lambda \sin{2\theta}\cos{2\theta}}{\Gamma_{\shortparallel} - i\omega }.
\end{eqnarray*}
Other parameters are: $\Omega_{R}=\sqrt{\Omega^{2}+(\Delta/2)^{2}}$, $\Gamma_{\shortparallel}$=$\gamma(1-\cos^{2}{2\theta})+
\gamma_{c}\sin^{2}{2\theta}$,
$\Gamma_{\perp}$=$4\gamma_0+\gamma_{+}+\gamma_{-}$, $\gamma_{+}$=$\gamma \cos^4{\theta} + \frac{\gamma_{c}}{4}\sin^{2}{2\theta}$,
$\gamma_{-}$=$\gamma \sin^{4}{\theta} + \frac{\gamma_{c}}{4}\sin^{2}{2\theta}$ and $\gamma_{0}$=$\frac{1}{4}(\gamma \sin^2{2\theta}
+\gamma_{c} \cos^2{2\theta})$. The dressed-state populations are given by:
\begin{eqnarray*}
P_{+} = \frac{\gamma_-}{\gamma_++\gamma_-}, ~~{\rm and}~~ P_{-}=\frac{\gamma_+}{\gamma_++\gamma_-}.
\end{eqnarray*}
In Eq.~(\ref{MeCN})$, B^{\ast}_{i}$ can be obtained from $A^{\ast}_{i}$ via $P_{\mp} \leftrightarrow P_{\pm}$ as well as by adding $\kappa_{a}$ to
$B^{\ast}_{1}$ and $\kappa_{b}$ to $B^{\ast}_{2}$, correspondingly. Respectively, $D^{\ast}_{i}$ can be obtained from $C^{\ast}_{i}$ through
$P_{\mp} \leftrightarrow P_{\pm}$, and $\{i \in 1,2\}$. Notice that in obtaining Eq.~(\ref{MeCN}) we have ignored rapidly oscillating terms at frequencies:
$\pm 2\Delta_{1}, \pm (\Delta_{1}- \omega)$ and $\pm 2\omega$, that is, we are interested in a situation where $\omega \approx -\Delta_{1}$.

\section{Results and discussion}
In the following, we shall describe the steady-state correlated cooling dynamics of the vibrational degrees of freedom. Actually, adjusting the laser
frequency to fulfill the condition $\omega + \Delta_{1} \approx 0$, one shall look at situations when simultaneously photon laser and vibrational phonon
absorption processes are accompanied by a photon emission in the cavity mode, see Figure~(\ref{fig-1}b).  Using the master equation (\ref{MeCN}), the
following equations of motion can be obtained for the mean photon and phonon numbers, respectively:
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{d}{dt}\langle a^{\dagger}a\rangle& = &\langle a^{\dagger}a\rangle(A_{1} - B_{1} + A_{1}^{*} - B_{1}^{*}) + \langle a^{\dagger}b\rangle(C_{2}^{*} - D_{2})
\nonumber\\
&+&\langle b^{\dagger}a\rangle (C_{2} - D^{\ast}_{2}) + A_{1} + A_{1}^{*}, \nonumber\\
\frac{d}{dt}\langle b^{\dagger} b\rangle& = &\langle b^{\dagger} b\rangle(A_{2} - B_{2} + A_{2}^{*} - B_{2}^{*}) - \langle a^{\dagger}b\rangle(C_{1}^{*} - D_{1})
\nonumber\\
&-&\langle b^{\dagger}a\rangle (C_{1} - D^{\ast}_{1}) + A_{2} + A_{2}^{*},\nonumber\\
\frac{d}{dt}\langle a^{\dagger}b\rangle &=& \langle a^{\dagger}b\rangle\bigl(A^{\ast}_{1} - B_{1} + A_{2} - B^{\ast}_{2} - i(\Delta_{1}+ \omega)\bigr)
\nonumber\\
&-& \langle a^{\dagger}a\rangle(C_{1} - D^{\ast}_{1}) + \langle b^{\dagger}b\rangle (C_{2} - D^{\ast}_{2}) - C_{1} - D^{\ast}_{2}, \nonumber\\
\frac{d}{dt}\langle b^{\dagger}a\rangle &=& \langle b^{\dagger}a\rangle\bigl(A_{1} - B_{1}^{*} + A_{2}^{*} - B_{2} + i(\Delta_{1} + \omega)\bigr)
\nonumber\\
&-&\langle a^{\dagger} a\rangle(C_{1}^{*} - D_{1}) + \langle b^{\dagger} b\rangle (C_{2}^{*} - D_{2}) - C_{1}^{*} - D_{2}.  \nonumber \\
\label{ba}
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[height=5.3cm]{Fig2.eps}
\caption{\label{fig-2}
(color online) The steady-state mean-value of the photon number $\langle a^{\dagger}a\rangle$ as a function of $\Delta_{1}/\gamma$.
Here, $\gamma_{c}/\gamma=0.3$, $g/\gamma=2$, $\lambda/\gamma=4$, $\Omega/\gamma=50$, $\omega/\gamma=50$,
$\Delta/(2\Omega)=0.5$, $\kappa_{a}/\gamma=0.01$ and $\kappa_{b}/\gamma=0.001$. The solid line corresponds to $\bar n=10$,
the long-dashed one to $\bar n=4$ whereas the short-dashed line is for $\bar n=2$, respectively.}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[height=5.3cm]{Fig3.eps}
\caption{\label{fig-3}
(color online) The same as in Fig.~(\ref{fig-2}) but for the vibrational phonon mean-number $\langle b^{\dagger}b\rangle$.}
\end{figure}

Based on Eqs.~(\ref{ba}), Figures~(\ref{fig-2}) and (\ref{fig-3}) show the steady-states of the cavity mean-photon number, and the vibrational
NMR mean-phonon number, respectively. As it was mentioned before, the maximum photon detection corresponds to NMR phonon minimum around
$\Delta_{1}+\omega \approx 0$.
Furthermore, the quantum cooling is still efficient while increasing the temperature, i.e. $\bar n$. These behaviors can be understood also by
taking into account that for certain positive laser-qubit frequency detunings the qubit population is mostly in the lower dressed-state $|-\rangle$.
This means that the phonon generation processes are minimized while phonon absorption followed simultaneously by photon laser absorption
processes are accompanied by photon emission in the cavity mode. Therefore, the cavity maximum photon detection signifies also minimum of
the vibrational quanta, that is, the cooling detection of the NMR vibrational degrees of freedom. Notice a small shift between photon maximum
and phonon minimum detections for arbitrary larger qubit-cavity and qubit-NMR coupling strengths (see, also, Eq.~{\ref{meqm}}). Finally, efficient
cooling occurs as well for uncorrelated regimes of phonon-photon detection processes, i.e. when $\Delta_{1}+ \omega \gg \gamma$ (while correlated
regimes occur for $\Delta_{1} + \omega \ll \gamma$). However, in this case, i.e. uncorrelated regime,  it is hard to manage to have maximum photon
cavity emission corresponding to vibrational NMR phonon cooling processes simply because these processes are uncorrelated.

In what follows, we shall represent approximative analytical expressions for the variables of interest in the steady-state. This will help to
understand the behaviors shown in Figs.~(\ref{fig-2}) and (\ref{fig-3}). If one performs further approximations
$\{\Delta_{1},\omega\} \gg \Gamma_{\shortparallel}$, $2\Omega_{R} \pm \Delta_{1} \gg \Gamma_{\perp}$ and
$2\Omega_{R} \pm \omega \gg \Gamma_{\perp}$, the master equation (\ref{MeCN}) simplifies considerably, namely,
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\frac{d}{dt}\rho(t)=\frac{i}{4}(\Delta_{1}+\omega-\bar \delta_{a} + \bar \delta_{b})[a^{\dagger}a-b^{\dagger}b,\rho]
+ i\eta[ab^{\dagger},\rho] \nonumber \\
&&  - \kappa_{a}[a^{\dagger},a\rho] - \kappa_{b}(1+\bar{n})[b^{\dagger},b\rho] - \kappa_{b}\bar{n}[b,b^{\dagger}\rho] + H.c.. \nonumber \\
\label{meqm}
\end{eqnarray}
Here, the frequency shifts $\bar \delta_{a(b)}$ observed also in Fig.~(\ref{fig-2}) and Fig. (\ref{fig-3}) are given by the following expressions:
$\bar \delta_{a}=g^{2}(P_{+}-P_{-})\{\sin^{4}{\theta}/(2\Omega_{R}+\omega) +  \cos^{4}{\theta}/(2\Omega_{R}-\omega)\}$ and $\bar \delta_{b}=\Omega_{R}\lambda^{2}\sin^{2}{2\theta}(P_{+}-P_{-})/(4\Omega^{2}_{R}-\omega^{2})$, whereas $\eta=g\lambda\sin{2\theta}(P_{+}-P_{-})
(\Omega_{R}\cos{2\theta}+\omega/2)/(4\Omega^{2}_{R}-\omega^{2})$. The last term of the first line in Eq.~(\ref{meqm}) with its H.c. part describe the vibrational
phonon emission followed by cavity-photon absorption processes, and viceversa, mediated by the laser field.
Consequently, basing on Eq.~(\ref{meqm}), Eqs.~(\ref{ba}) reduce to:
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{d}{dt}\langle a^{\dagger}a\rangle &=& -i\eta \langle x\rangle - 2\kappa_{a}\langle a^{\dagger}a\rangle, \nonumber \\
\frac{d}{dt}\langle x\rangle &=& 2i\eta\bigl(\langle b^{\dagger}b\rangle - \langle a^{\dagger}a\rangle \bigr) - (\kappa_{a}+\kappa_{b})\langle x\rangle, \nonumber \\
\frac{d}{dt}\langle b^{\dagger}b\rangle &=& i\eta\langle x\rangle - 2\kappa_{b}\langle b^{\dagger}b\rangle + 2\kappa_{b}\bar n, \label{eqsm}
\end{eqnarray}
where $x=ab^{\dagger}-a^{\dagger}b$. We have assumed also that $\Delta_{1}+\omega = \bar \delta_{a} - \bar \delta_{b}$, i.e.,
we are interested in the maximal values of mean-photon number corresponding to minimal values of vibrational mean-phonon number, respectively
(see, also, Fig.~{\ref{fig-2}} and Fig.~{\ref{fig-3}}). In the steady-state, one immediately obtains from Eqs.~(\ref{eqsm}) that:
\begin{eqnarray}
\kappa_{a}\langle a^{\dagger}a\rangle + \kappa_{b}\langle b^{\dagger}b\rangle=\kappa_{b}\bar n. \label{eg}
\end{eqnarray}
This expression can help us to estimate the mean-vibrational-phonon number if the mean-photon number is known (i.e., detected). The explicit expressions for the
steady-state values of the photon and phonon mean numbers are, respectively,
\begin{eqnarray}
\langle a^{\dagger}a\rangle &=& \frac{\bar n\kappa_{b}\eta^{2}}{(\kappa_{a}+\kappa_{b})(\kappa_{a}\kappa_{b}+\eta^{2})}, \nonumber \\
\langle b^{\dagger}b\rangle &=& \frac{\bar n \kappa_{b}}{\kappa_{a}+\kappa_{b}}\biggl(1 + \frac{\kappa^{2}_{a}}{\kappa_{a}\kappa_{b}+\eta^{2}}\biggr ),
\label{ap_exp1}
\end{eqnarray}
or
\begin{eqnarray}
\langle b^{\dagger}b\rangle=\langle a^{\dagger}a\rangle\bigl(1 + \kappa_{a}(\kappa_{a}+\kappa_{b})/\eta^{2} \bigr). \label{ap_exp2}
\end{eqnarray}
Expressions (\ref{eg}) and (\ref{ap_exp2}) describe the efficiency of the proposed vibrational phonon cooling method. In particular, if
$\kappa_{a} \gg \kappa_{b}$ while $(\kappa_{a}/\eta)^{2} \ll 1$, then
$\langle b^{\dagger}b\rangle \approx \langle a^{\dagger}a\rangle \approx (\kappa_{b}/\kappa_{a})\bar n$ which can be as well below unity, i.e.,
$\langle b^{\dagger}b\rangle < 1$.
\section{Summary}
In summary, we have proposed a scheme to detect the vibrational phonon cooling of a nanomechanical oscillator in
the steady-state. The idea is based on correlating the vibrational degrees of freedom with those of a laser-pumped
quantum dot when fixed on a nanomechanical beam while interacting with an optical resonator. More concretely, when
the quantum dot dynamics is faster than the corresponding ones of other involved subsystems,  one needs to adjust
the laser frequency such that both photon laser and NMR phonon absorption processes are accompanied by photon
emission in the resonator mode. Therefore, detection of the cavity photons is followed in parallel by cooling of the
nanomechanical oscillator. Finally, we give approximative analytical expressions for the variables of interest which
describe also the method efficiency.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Description: 68 Des Idées formation Coiffure Calais from the above 5906x3000 resolutions which is part of the Coiffure directory. Download this image for free in HD resolution the choice "download button" below. If you do not find the exact resolution you are looking for, then go for a native or higher resolution.


Transaction categories allow easy reporting of different charges and payments within CampSite. Each transaction in CampSite must be associated with a transaction category, which may also include a General Ledger code. "Tuition" and "Cancellation fee" are standard transaction categories within CampSite.
Transaction categories can be accessed through Admin > Camper > Setup wizard > Step 3: Transaction categories.
To add a new transaction category click "+ Add a new transaction category..."
Double-click to edit the general ledger code.
Double-click the red minus sign to delete a transaction category. Note: Once a transaction category is in use, it cannot be deleted.


Which Training Program(s) are you interested in?
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How much time do you feel you and your family can devote to training on a daily basis?
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Thank you for contacting the training department at Rover Oaks Pet Resort. This information will help our professional trainers provide you with the best possible service. If this is your first contact with our training department, someone will contact you within one or two business days.


We're pleased to bring you a weekly report on the mortgage and housing industry, as well as the economy. Weekly we will publish the following report from CoreLogic as a courtesy to you. For more detailed statistics about Utah real estate markets, look for our real estate market updates weekly!
The latest design trends include bolder color schemes and brass finishes, particularly in the kitchen and the bathroom.


This is a placeholder page for Karen Box, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Karen Box.
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Tutshill C of E School had its Statutory Inspection of Anglican and Methodist Schools in November 2015. Some of our children spoke with the inspector and we are extremely proud of their participation.
A lot of hard work has gone into our school in driving it forward. The development of our vision and values, the approach we take toward collective worship, the delivery of Religious Education and of course the support we have from our school community means we are an 'Outstanding' school.
The children fully understand the impact the values have upon them in school but also their lives outside of school.


With 3 store locations serving different customer musical needs.
In 1999, a music teacher, Queensland Conservatorium Graduate, established a music teaching academy in Brisbane Southside area. From this idea Vivace Music was born. We opened to the public as an 8 studio Musical Education Centre in Sunnybank Hills. Through our students we began to appreciate the need for quality and reasonably priced instruments. In 2001, this music studio has expand and begin to sell pianos, keyboards, string instruments and print music publications. Over the years, this store has grown to become a truly "one stop music shop" as Vivace Music's first instrumental store, providing a wide & diverse range of musical instruments and equipment as well as instrument repair and services.
After our first store opened in Sunnybank Hills, 2014 saw the need for a delicate large piano showroom in Brisbane, Vivace Music then launched our 2nd store in MacGregor for our piano customers. In 2015, our 3rd store was opened at Sunnybank Plaza Shopping Centre as Brisbane's largest musical home for instruments including Guitars, Drums, Audio Tech, Amplifies, PA, Keyboard and more. This 3rd store soon moved to Compton Road, Underwood in 2018 providing our customers a even better shopping environment and comfort. All of our 3 stores are located in stand alone commercial buildings with plenty of car parking available for our customers.
Vivace offers great instrumental rental programs to suit your needs.
Buying a new piano from Vivace Music.
Visit our MacGregor showroom for large selections of pre-loved Japanese grands and uprights today!
Professional technician for violins, violas, and cellos.
We restring and repair your guitar!


According to the 2016 Peerless Research Group (PRG)/Logistics Management survey, the average annual salary for occupations in the area of supply chain management is $105,675. The new certificate will allow Mizzou graduates to be even more marketable and competitive when seeking jobs in this growing sector. Photo by Amy Parris.
The MU Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Department and Trulaske College of Business' Department of Management are teaming up on a new Global Supply Chain Management certificate, offering students at the intersection of business and logistics the ability to boost their degrees with sought-after, specialized skills.
According to the 2016 Peerless Research Group (PRG)/Logistics Management survey, the average annual salary for occupations in the area of supply chain management is $105,675. The new certificate will allow Mizzou graduates to be even more marketable and competitive when seeking jobs in this growing sector.
According to the description of the certificate program, "(Supply chain management) draws heavily upon expertise in operations management, strategic management, marketing, logistics, transportation, information technology, and decision sciences." It has become a core part of business and industrial engineering education, and this certificate leverages MU's strengths in both areas.
"This was an obvious area to build a collaborative program, we already had supply chain faculty, they recently hired faculty in the area, and there is a demand from the students," IMSE Professor Jim Noble said. "So we were able to start it pretty quick.
"Supply chains in general permeate almost all organizations. But there are aspects that have more of a managerial component, and there are things that have require more of an engineering perspective," Noble said.


text:
Oliver Sava
ReviewsJustice League
"Secret Origins"
After the success of Batman: The Animated Series and the subsequent DC animated series Superman, Static Shock, and Batman Beyond, animator Bruce Timm took up the ambitious task of bringing DC's premier superteam to TV in 2001. Eager to escape the campy legacy of Super Friends, Timm set out to create a show that explores the lush history of the DC universe while telling emotionally rich stories with the company's most familiar characters. Each episode is a multi-part mini-epic focusing on a specific corner of the DCAU, from the far reaches of outer space to the underwater city of Atlantis, and the expansive nature of the series makes it one of the strongest iterations of the Justice League in any medium.
On August 31, 2011, DC Comics released Justice League #1 as the first book of their linewide relaunch, an unprecedented marketing experiment that has been a huge success for the company. While the relaunch has had positive results, reactions to Justice League #1 have been mixed, with most complaints arising from the sluggish pace and the characters' unnecessary angst. In an attempt to humanize their god-like characters, DC has largely employed a "brooding is better" philosophy, stripping away the optimism of its heroes to make them fit into a darkening world. As the threat of Darkseid looms, Superman, Batman, and Green Lantern are more concerned with fighting each other than teaming up against a common enemy, working that classic superhero cliché of fight first, talk later. For the start of a team book, there's a conspicuous lack of camaraderie, and even worse, it's just not very fun.
Essentially the polar opposite of Justice League #1, "Secret Origin" is a fast-moving introduction to the Justice League that has heroes acting like heroes, protecting the world from a threat that can't be taken down by any sole individual. Heavily inspired by Grant Morrison's "Big Seven" revamp of the Justice League in 1996, the episode features most of the same lineup as Morrison's team, replacing Aquaman with the Thanagarian warrior Hawkgirl and switching Green Lantern's identity from rookie Kyle Rayner to military veteran John Stewart. By incorporating elements from classic Justice League comic books, Bruce Timm and his creative team create a definitive version of the League. The Silver Age goofiness of Gardner Fox's stories, Gerry Conway's spotlight on the lesser-known characters of the DCU, the humor of Keith Giffen and J.M. Dematteis' Justice League International, and the high-concept plots of Grant Morrison all come together to create an unpredictable and exciting series that evolves and expands over time.
While Morrison's inaugural story has Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Green Lantern, Martian Manhunter, and Aquaman fighting a new group of extraterrestrial invaders disguised as benevolent superheroes, "Secret Origin" has more of a War Of The Worlds meets Invasion Of The Body Snatchers vibe. The opening sequence on Mars is pure outer-space horror, as astronaut J. Allen Carter (Gary Cole) stumbles upon a secret cavern that holds the episode's villains. The pacing is deliberate, with the camera lingering on the wall engravings as Carter's helmet shines a small beam of light into the overwhelming darkness. Michael McCuistion's ominous horn score gives way to light strings as Carter discovers a hatch on a giant door, the music quickening when Carter removes the hatch with a pickaxe and enters the cavern. Light begins to course through the walls, followed by a rush of white as the Imperium are released from their prison, charging at Carter but kept hidden from the audience. The camera zooms in on Carter's terrified face as the brass builds, with discordant strings layered on top. It's classic horror-movie stuff, and shows how the creative team utilizes the multi-episode story format to experiment with different genres. Each Justice League two- and three-parter stands alone as a mini-movie, keeping with the Fleischer Superman tradition that Timm continued with the DCAU.
The opening credits roll after the Mars sequence, a stylized 3D-animated roll call of the team backed by a rousing theme song by DCAU veteran Lolita Ritmanis. The full orchestra of Batman: The Animated Series is sorely missed in Justice League, but Ritmanis gets one for her theme song because trumpets on a keyboard sound really awful. There are a few cool images in the opening sequence, but I would have preferred a styled 2D opening akin to B:TAS. The computer animation is stiff and Wonder Woman's dead eyes are creepy, although Flash does look awesome. Timm's style loses some fluidity when translated in three dimensions; it will be interesting to see if the upcoming Cartoon Network Green Lantern series is able to capture the dynamic energy of Timm's line art.
The story resumes two years later. Batman (Kevin Conroy) is in Metropolis investigating a security breach of the deep-space monitoring network, discovering a group of gibberish-speaking white shapeshifters attempting to sabotage a satellite with alien technology. Superman (George Newbern) shows up to offer a hand and Batman acts like he doesn't want the help, but you know he gets all excited when he teams up with his old buddy Clark. The epic scope of this series allows for some huge action sequences, and the World's Finest team-up is just a warm-up for the global carnage to come. Superman turns out to be of little help when he's hit with a mysterious psychic attack, and when the satellite explodes, Batman remembers why he hates when Superman decides to lend a hand. Batman swoops in to save the catatonic Kryptonian, and as he surveys the damage from a distance, the horror elements of the episode return. The shapeshifters meld together in the explosion, and Batman watches as they pull themselves out of each other, readjust their twisted skeletons, and head off for their next act of intergalactic terrorism.
Turns out Superman was just stopping by on his way to the United Nations, and he gives Batman a signal watch just in case he needs any help in the future. Batman responds with an incredulous "Right," standing 50 feet away from the burning aftermath of the last time Superman decided to help. By the end of The New Batman Adventures, Batman is well on his way to becoming the lovable asshole that hassles Terry McGinnis in Batman Beyond, and Justice League shows a snarky Batman that overcompensates for his lack of superpowers with a finely tuned superiority complex. He pretends to not play well with others, but he's the one that ends up building a space station clubhouse for all his superhero friends.
At the United Nations, Senator Carter of Mars reveals a bold new peacekeeping initiative where Superman will go to everyone's countries and deactivate all their nuclear missiles, and everyone's totally cool with it. Justice League Unlimited will delve into the ethical issues and political problems a militaristic Justice League presents, but the diplomats are eager to accept Superman after his "truth and justice, not just for America, but all the world" speech. After all, he is just one man. If Lex Luthor can put up a fight, the combined force of the world's nations could put down Superman, right? Right?
While Superman deactivates nuclear warheads around the world, Batman continues his investigation and finds a group of creepy pods holding the humans impersonated by the Imperium. He's attacked by an alien dog, because this is still a superhero children's show, and finds himself trapped under a bookshelf, eating his words as he clenches Superman's signal watch. Superman rescues Batman just as a meteor crashes through the city, housing an alien tripod straight out of H.G. Wells. Similar meteors land in Paris, Cairo, and Malaysia, but Superman is hit with another psychic assault, disappearing and leaving humanity to fend for itself.
On the island of Themyscira, Princess Diana (Susan Eisenberg) of the Amazons looks out at the horizon and wonders what she can do to help man's world. Her mother Hippolyta (Susan Sullivan) tells her that what lies outside their shores is of no concern to them, and that the gods will protect them on Themyscira, but Diana isn't so sure. Of the major DC characters, Wonder Woman's absence in the DCAU up to this point was the most puzzling, but Timm was able to get the character's rights for the show, which were tied up in other projects including a potential film helmed by Joss Whedon.
Wonder Woman's origin in the DCAU creates a more headstrong and proactive Diana from the very start. Diana doesn't win a competition to become an ambassador to man's world like in the comics, because there are no ambassadors in the DCAU Themyscira. The Amazons are a society of women fiercely hateful of men, and completely isolated from the rest of the world. Diana chooses to defy her mother's orders because she is the most empathetic of the Justice League's members; as an outsider, she strives to have a complete understanding of the world around her, a curiosity that manifests as compassion. She also has Athena's wisdom, and knows that a threat won't stop at the shores of their island if it can destroy the world surrounding it.
Batman tracks Superman to an army base where they find an imprisoned green alien: J'onn J'onzz, the Martian Manhunter (Carl Lumbly). The psychic attacks on Superman were actually cries for help, distorted by alien technology used by J'onn's captors. Batman doesn't trust J'onn when he's all naked and coneheady, so J'onn shapeshifts into a look more akin to Earth's superheroes: blue trunks, a cape, and two red swaths of fabric that make an X across his chest. J'onn's costume is ridiculous, a cross between Flash Gordon and Tom of Finland, but he makes up for his appearance with an equally absurd power set: flight, telepathy, super-strength, shapeshifting, and the ability to alter his density so he's intangible or immovable. J'onn is probably stronger than Superman, but he shares Kal-El's survivor's guilt, which motivates him to use his powers only for good.
Soldiers ambush Superman, Batman, and J'onn during their escape, transforming into the white aliens from earlier as the first part of "Secret Origins" comes to a close. The second part begins with a brief scene where Diana makes her decision to leave Paradise Island by grabbing her weapons and armor from the Temple of Athena: golden lasso, boomerang tiara, bullet-deflecting bracelets, and star-spangled swimsuit. She asks her mother's forgiveness and heads off to save the world, just as Superman, Batman, and J'onn take to the air to flee the Imperium horde. The Batwing is shot down with Batman and J'onn inside, but a green energy field catches them just before they crash.
Green Lantern (Phil Lamarr) and Hawkgirl (Maria Canals) make their triumphant DCAU debuts as they help Superman cut through the alien fighter ships, and their appearance together foreshadows the relationship that will develop between the two. Both characters share a similarly militaristic viewpoint, with John Stewart having been a marine before being recruited into the extraterrestrial police force of the Green Lantern Corps, and Shayera Hol serving in the Thanagarian military before being sent to Earth. They're the aggressors of the Justice League, the ones that hit first and ask questions later, and that's a good quality to have when faced with an alien invasion.
"Hawkgirl? What's she doing here?" Batman asks, and it's a question that many Justice League fans were asking when the initial line-up for the series was announced. Out of all the League members, why Hawkgirl? Where was Aquaman? The producers of Justice League were going for diversity when they picked their cast of heroes, hence a black Green Lantern and an added female member, but Hawkgirl's induction isn't as random as it seems. Hawkgirl/Hawkwoman served on the Justice League during the Gerry Conway "Satellite Era," which also brought John Stewart to the team, and her presence on Justice League balances the team with three aliens, three super-powered Earthlings, and Batman as the odd human out. Shayera's not the last of her race like J'onn or Superman, but her homesickness gives her the opportunity to bond with her alien teammates. She's a sharp contrast to the altruistic Diana, acting more like the violent Amazons of Themyscira than Wonder Woman does, and she's hot, which gets GL and Flash's attention. She also has a fantastic Joe Kubert character design; her costume is sexy but not revealing, and the hawk-helmet is one of the most striking superhero masks ever created.
Flash (Michael Rosenbaum) and Wonder Woman show up to get in on the action, and after the alien fleet is subdued, J'onn shares his story with the newly assembled team. Once a happy family man on Mars, J'onn lost his wife and two children when the Imperium invaded thousands of years ago, wiping out the Martian population while absorbing their telepathy and shapeshifting abilities. After leading a strike force against the Imperium, J'onn was able to trap the invaders in an underground chamber, but he was left the sole Martian survivor. While J'onn hibernated, astronaut Carter opened the chamber and unleashed the Imperium, and when J'onn tried to warn Earth, he was imprisoned and left to rely on his scrambled mental powers for salvation. By telepathically calling the planet's greatest heroes to join him in the fight against the Imperium, J'onn is responsible for the formation of the Justice League, a fitting role for a character that has appeared on more incarnations of the team than any other.
After everyone finishes pestering Diana about how much of an amateur she is, the team breaks up into smaller groups to take out the giant factories the Imperium have set up to block out the Earth's sun. This is where the episode begins to lose its footing, as it's complete nonsense for the Imperium to invade Earth when they're vulnerable to UV rays. It's not like the planet is completely awash in them for 12 hours of the day or anything. Apparently the Imperium and the aliens from Signs share common military leadership, invading planets that are brimming with the things they are most vulnerable to.
The story begins to drag in the second part, a problem that will be consistent for most of the series' three-part episodes. By having each of the hero groups do the same task, the action becomes repetitive and the story's momentum slows down. In future episodes, when the team splits up, the separate groups are each given something unique to do, and it's an immense help in picking up the sluggish pace of middle parts ("The Savage Time" is a great example of this). Superman and Hawkgirl are captured, Flash and Green Lantern have to retreat after being outnumbered, and Batman is presumed dead after staying behind to retrieve the crystal that powers the factory. The horror tone of the first part is replaced by blockbuster action-adventure, and although Butch Lukic is a talented action director, the change in tone makes for a less substantial second part.
The four remaining Leaguers make their way to Metropolis to rescue Superman and Hawkgirl when the third part begins, stepping into an ambush when the captured teammates are revealed to be Imperium decoys. J. Allen Carter shows up for the requisite supervillain monologue, revealing that the real Carter died on Mars and that the Imperium used his appearance to obtain military intelligence and disarm the Earth's defenses with Superman's help. With the planet's heroes incapacitated, the Imperium mothership arrives with their leader, a giant purple blob with tentacles. It recognizes J'onn and exacts some particularly gruesome and surprisingly graphic torture, slipping its tentacles underneath J'onn's skin and coursing them through his body.
J'onn has a plan, though, and Batman bursts in to save the day, telepathically shielded by J'onn so he could reverse the ion charge of the crystal that powers the Imperium factory. Yeah, the science doesn't make any sense, but whatever. Batman saves the day, and now it's time for the Justice League to kick some ass. As the sun burns through the Imperium horde, Wonder Woman wrangles the purple blob's shuttle with her lasso while Hawkgirl smacks it around with her Nth metal mace, knocking it into the factory and destroying both. As the men rescue the imprisoned civilians impersonated by the Imperium, the sunlight melts the rest of the invaders and the mothership flees, a disappointing end to a poorly planned military campaign.
The final part of "Secret Origins" is just an extended fight sequence broken up by supervillain posturing, but it sure is cool seeing DC's heavy hitters band together and beat the crap out of some aliens. At the end of the episode, General Wells discusses with Batman how ill-prepared the Earth is for another alien attack, so Bruce Wayne finances a massive satellite watchtower to be the homebase for the Justice League, the Earth's first line of defense from extraterrestrials, superhuman madmen, angry gods, time-travelling despots, and any other sort of threat that may arise.
After Superman gives his usual inspirational speech, Wonder Woman, Flash, Green Lantern, and Hawkgirl immediately agree to join the team, while Batman and J'onn hold out. Batman decides to join in a reserve capacity, appearing when the League needs him but not when it gets in the way of Gotham business. As J'onn stares out the watchtower windows, he talks about his feelings with Superman, expressing his despair and loneliness at being the last of his kind. Superman tells him that he understands, and that from now on, he doesn't have to be alone anymore. It's a sweet ending to an episode that's light on pathos, and a reminder of the tragedies that define these heroes' lives and motivate them to make the world a better place.
"Secret Origins" is an adequate start to the series, surprisingly light on exposition for most of the team and sufficiently action-packed. It doesn't quite have the humor or character depth of later episodes (Dwayne McDuffie coming on as a writer and producer would be a big part of that), but it gets the pieces on the board just fine. These initial episodes build the world and lay the relationship groundwork that will be more fully explored in the future, but much of this introductory story's appeal comes from seeing classic DC characters interpreted in the Timm style for the first time. Whereas Batman: The Animated Series aimed to tell emotionally charged stories in a dark, unjust world, Justice League has a much more optimistic and adventurous tone. "Secret Origins" solidly establishes that new attitude while considerably expanding the DCAU, and the series will only get better as the writers begin to introduce the psychological elements that defined the best episodes of B:TAS.
Stray observations:
Superman's appearance is aged in the first season of Justice League, with lines around his eyes and a light grey highlight in his hair. Audience didn't like the older look, and in season two he's back to his Superman: The Animated Series model.
Batman is the only character that keeps his original DCAU voice actor, but Kevin Conroy really is irreplaceable. Tim Daly couldn't play Superman because of his commitment to the short-lived revival of The Fugitive, and Michael Rosenbaum replaced Charlie Schlatter as Flash.
The original teen mascot for the Justice League, Snapper Carr, is now a reporter who will continue to appear sporadically throughout the series.
J'onn is almost never referred to by his comic book codename, because Martian Manhunter really makes no sense for his character.
Usually there would be some quotes from Flash down here, but he doesn't have any really good one-liners this episode.
The second issue of Justice League makes some improvements story-wise, but there's still too much in-fighting and the character voices still aren't clicking.
Check back here next week and the first Monday of every month for DC Relaunch Rundown, where I'll be getting more in depth about what's good, what's bad, and what's new in the DC relaunch.
TVReviewsJustice League


text:
For employers, winter is here: Game of Thrones could cost $3.3B in productivity
WB Games via YouTube
Valerie Bolden-Barrett
Dive Brief:
Workplace distraction over HBO's hit series "Game of Thrones" may cost employers $3.3 billion in lost productivity, when factoring the average hourly wage of $27.77, according to executive coaching firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas Inc.
"The cultural phenomenon that is Game of Thrones is another opportunity for employers to build camaraderie in the office. Bosses shouldn't try to stifle these discussions in the least," Challenger, Gray & Christmas VP Andrew Challenger said in a news release. "In fact, it's likely they are just as enthusiastically participating in them as their employees."
The estimate showed other workplace distractions or downers and their cost in productivity losses, including: online holiday shopping ($35.4 billion), 2017/2018 flu season ($21.4 billion), Fantasy Football 2016 ($16.8 billion), March Madness 2019 ($13.3 billion), Super Bowl Monday 2019 ($4.4 billion) and the House Committee on Oversight and Reform's hearing with Michael Cohen ($3.8 billion).
Dive Insight:
Challenger advised employers to not totally ban employees from discussing "Game of Thrones" and other cultural phenomena at work; these gatherings can be opportunities for a cultural boost, whereby workers bond, share opinions and ideas, and engage in friendly sparring over their favorite character, player or team.
Employers should anticipate losing at least some measure of productivity when employees get caught up in the excitement and fervor of national and international events. The costs of employee down time are staggering, however; the 2018 Winter Olympics cost employers $1.7 billion in lost productivity, and just the first round of the 2017 March Madness tournament amounted to a $4 billion loss.
The losses in productivity alone may prompt employers to set some boundaries around the time and manner in which employees engage in these events at work. Sports activities sometimes involve betting, heated debates and long discussions that spill over far too much into what should be dedicated work time. HR can draft no-tolerance policies on betting, discussions that create antagonistic work environments and chatter or events that extend beyond a reasonable time during work hours.
Filed Under: HR Management


text:
package com.zutubi.events;

/**
 * Flags to indicates how the {@link EventManager} should publish an event.
 */
public enum PublishFlag
{
    /**
     * Publish the event after the completion of a running event handler.  Use when publishing an
     * event from within the handler of another event (the pending event), to ensure that
     * all listeners handle the pending event before the new event is published.
     *

     * The publish occurs immediately after all handlers of the pending event complete, on this
     * thread.  If this thread is not inside a handler, the publish occurs immediately.  If this
     * thread is nested within multiple publishes, the defer only waits for the inner publish to
     * complete (not all nested ones).
     */
    DEFERRED,

    /**
     * Publish the event immediately using this thread.  This is the default.
     *

     * Note that the dispatcher used by the event manager or the listeners themselves may be
     * asynchronous (see {@link AsynchronousDispatcher} and {@link AsynchronousDelegatingListener}).
     */
    IMMEDIATE
}


text:
Mettingen est une commune de Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie (Allemagne), située dans l'arrondissement de Steinfurt, dans le district de Münster, dans le Landschaftsverband de Westphalie-Lippe.

Commune en Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Your employees probably expect their e-mail and computer use to be monitored. Theyd probably be shocked to find their phone calls on the watch list. And they almost certainly would be offended to know you kept track of each time they went to the bathroom.
Yes. This I learned by accident. I was going to meet Baselines technology editor in Ziff Davis Medias lobby one evening at 5:05 p.m., precisely.
But I was running late. When I walked out of the mens room on the 11th floor at about 5:15, the editor was waiting for me. "There you are, the editor said. "Right where they said youd be."
Turns out concierges at our front desk see immediately when someone enters any bathroom. The system even throws our official photos up on one of their security screens. Creepy.
The trigger is the employee badge swiped across electronic readers to get into the building, onto our floors—or into bathrooms.
Theres nothing innately wrong with any of this. Legend has it a large-screen television was purloined from our building by individuals not to be trusted any longer. The card reading, for instance, helps identify thieves who might duck into rest rooms to hide valuables in clothing. The system also could help someone who is sick. But observers dont know how long someone is inside: there is no record when someone exits the washroom.
Still, a company not only has a right to monitor employees work habits, but a duty. In some lines of work, it is important to know if employees are spending too much time on the phone and too little on the computer. The firm has paid for the equipment, the communications link, the employees time and is responsible to owners to make sure theyre all put to productive use.
But the lack of disclosure of surveillance is a powder keg that will explode in some unsuspecting corporations face. Last month I witnessed a protester plaster a poster on the front door of a Starbucks coffee shop in Manhattan. His beef (something about worker and grower abuse) was not clear. What was clear was he was aware his activities were being recorded on a video-surveillance system. At least he knew.
How many Starbucks customers realize that, to protect assets, the activities in many of its New York stores are monitored.
Starbucks has built a $4-a-latte business on the idea that you can relax and find respite inside its walls. Will its customers hang around when they realize their movements are monitored? Well see.
Surveillance at the work place and in public spaces is only going to get worse. Only, soon, it will be the employee and the customer recording events. The advent of the camera phone will see to that.
Even Orwell couldnt imagine wireless phones that snap photos. Five years from now, you can pretty much expect every move you make at work or in public will be subject to instant capture and retransmission by either corporate whistle-blowers or the publicity minded.
The time is fast arriving for corporations to adopt, enforce and disclose very clear policies about how they monitor persons and activities. Smart firms will head off employee backlash with meetings, mailings and other mechanisms to detail the extent of monitoring going on in their facilities and on their networks. The act of disclosure will force companies to justify or revise their policies. If the monitoring really does improve productivity or decrease theft—why not disclose it? Widespread advance knowledge sure beats after-the-fact investigation and enforcement.
Corporations, though, may also want to have employees camera phones checked at the door. Somewhere, a companys collegial culture is going to be poisoned by an employee taking clandestine photos of a fellow worker—or of suspicious visitors who turn out to be their next bosses.
As long as corporations have had the upper hand, disclosing the extent of surveillance has merited little consideration. But, as employees get into the act themselves, the time for full disclosure will have arrived.
Next Whats Federated Identity Management?


text:
1960 Major League Baseball season
This article is about the 1960 Major League Baseball season only. For information on all of baseball, see 1960 in baseball.
The 1960 Major League Baseball season was played from April 12 to October 13, 1960. It was the final season contested by 16 clubs and the final season that a 154-game schedule was played in both the American League and the National League. The AL began using the 162-game schedule the following season, with the NL following suit in 1962.
1960 MLB season
April 12 – October 13, 1960
Season MVP
AL: Roger Maris (NY)
NL: Dick Groat (PIT)
AL champions
AL runners-up
NL champions
NL runners-up
Finals MVP
Bobby Richardson (NY)
MLB seasons
The season ended with the Pittsburgh Pirates, led by second baseman Bill Mazeroski, defeating the New York Yankees, led by outfield sluggers Mickey Mantle and Roger Maris in the World Series. The series ending, with Mazeroski hitting a walk-off home run in Game 7, is among the most memorable in baseball history.
Awards and honorsEdit
Roger Maris, New York Yankees (AL)
Dick Groat, Pittsburgh Pirates (NL)
Vern Law, Pittsburgh Pirates
Ron Hansen, Baltimore Orioles (AL)
Frank Howard, Los Angeles Dodgers (NL)
The Sporting News Player of the Year Award
Roger Maris, New York Yankees
The Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award
Chuck Estrada, Baltimore Orioles (AL)
Vern Law, Pittsburgh Pirates (NL)
The Sporting News Manager of the Year Award
Danny Murtaugh, Pittsburgh Pirates
Gold Glove Award
Bobby Shantz (P) New York Yankees (AL)
Sherm Lollar (C) Chicago White Sox (AL)
Vic Power (1B) Cleveland Indians (AL)
Nellie Fox (2B) Chicago White Sox (AL)
Brooks Robinson (3B) Baltimore Orioles (AL)
Luis Aparicio (SS) Chicago White Sox (AL)
Minnie Miñoso (OF) Cleveland Indians (AL)
Roger Maris (OF) New York Yankees (AL)
Jim Landis (OF) Chicago White Sox (AL)
MLB statistical leadersEdit
American League National League
Type Name Stat Name Stat
AVG Pete Runnels BOS .320 Dick Groat PIT .325
HR Mickey Mantle NY 40 Ernie Banks CHC 41
RBI Roger Maris NY 112 Hank Aaron MIL 126
Wins Chuck Estrada BAL
Jim Perry CLE 18 Ernie Broglio STL
Warren Spahn MIL 21
ERA Frank Baumann CHW 2.67 Mike McCormick SF 2.70
SO Jim Bunning DET 201 Don Drysdale LA 246
SV Mike Fornieles BAL
Johnny Klippstein CLE 14 Lindy McDaniel STL 26
SB Luis Aparicio CHW 51 Maury Wills LA 50
Major league baseball final standingsEdit
American League final standingsEdit
Rank Club Wins Losses Win % GB
1st New York Yankees 97 57 .630 –
2nd Baltimore Orioles 89 65 .578 8.0
3rd Chicago White Sox 87 67 .565 10.0
4th Cleveland Indians 76 78 .494 21.0
5th Washington Senators 73 81 .474 24.0
6th Detroit Tigers 71 83 .461 26.0
7th Boston Red Sox 65 89 .422 32.0
8th Kansas City Athletics 58 96 .377 39.0
National League final standingsEdit
1st Pittsburgh Pirates 95 59 .617 –
2nd Milwaukee Braves 88 66 .571 7.0
3rd St. Louis Cardinals 86 68 .558 9.0
4th Los Angeles Dodgers 82 72 .532 13.0
5th San Francisco Giants 79 75 .513 16.0
6th Cincinnati Reds 67 87 .435 28.0
7th Chicago Cubs 60 94 .390 35.0
8th Philadelphia Phillies 59 95 .383 36.0
ManagersEdit
American LeagueEdit
Baltimore Orioles Paul Richards
Boston Red Sox Billy Jurges Replaced during the season by Pinky Higgins
Chicago White Sox Al López
Cleveland Indians Joe Gordon Traded during the season for Jimmie Dykes
Detroit Tigers Jimmie Dykes Traded during the season for Joe Gordon
Kansas City Athletics Bob Elliott
New York Yankees Casey Stengel Won the American League pennant
Washington Senators Cookie Lavagetto
National LeagueEdit
Chicago Cubs Charlie Grimm Traded during the season for Lou Boudreau
Cincinnati Reds Fred Hutchinson
Los Angeles Dodgers Walter Alston
Milwaukee Braves Chuck Dressen
Philadelphia Phillies Eddie Sawyer Replaced during the season by Gene Mauch
Pittsburgh Pirates Danny Murtaugh Won World Series
San Francisco Giants Bill Rigney Replaced during the season by Tom Sheehan
St. Louis Cardinals Solly Hemus
EventsEdit
January–FebruaryEdit
January 5 – The Continental League, a proposed third major league, gets an assurance of Congressional support from New York Senator Kenneth Keating.
February 4 – For the second straight election, the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voters fail to elect a new member to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Edd Roush gets 146 votes, but 202 are necessary for election. Sam Rice (143) and Eppa Rixey (142) are next in line.
February 18 – Walter O'Malley, owner of the Los Angeles Dodgers, completes the purchase of the Chavez Ravine area in Los Angeles by paying $494,000 for property valued at $92,000.
February 20 – Branch Rickey meets with officials of the proposed Western Carolinas League about pooling talent for Continental League clubs.
February 23 – Demolition of Ebbets Field begins. Lucy Monroe sings the national anthem, and Roy Campanella is given an urn of dirt from behind home plate.
March–AprilEdit
March 13 – The Chicago White Sox unveil new road uniforms with the players' names above the number on the back, another innovation by Sox owner Bill Veeck.
March 24 – Commissioner Ford Frick says he will not allow the Continental League to pool players in the Western Carolinas League as it would violate existing agreements between the major and minor leagues.
March 26 – Baltimore Orioles general manager Lee MacPhail moves a series between the Orioles and Cincinnati Reds from Havana, Cuba to Miami, Florida. The Reds, with a farm club in Cuba, want the series in Havana, but the Orioles fear increased political unrest in the area.
April 4 – The Chicago White Sox send catcher Earl Battey, first baseman Don Mincher, and cash to the Washington Senators for first baseman Roy Sievers.
April 5 – The San Francisco Giants purchase first baseman Dale Long from the Chicago Cubs.
April 12:
With 42,269 fans in attendance, the San Francisco Giants edge the St. Louis Cardinals, 3–1, in the first game at San Francisco's Candlestick Park. Sam Jones pitches a three-hitter, and Cardinals outfielder Leon Wagner hits the first home run in the $15 million stadium.
Chuck Essegian swats an 11th-inning pinch-hit home run as the Los Angeles Dodgers beat the Chicago Cubs, 3–2, before a record Opening Day crowd of 67,550 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The home run is Essegian's third straight as a pinch hitter, including two in the 1959 World Series. Don Drysdale pitches all the way, striking out 14, for the win over Bob Elston.
In a deal that will haunt the Cleveland Indians, general manager Frank Lane sends Norm Cash to the Detroit Tigers for third baseman Steve Demeter. Cash would be Detroit's regular first baseman for the next 14 years and hit 373 home runs for them, while Demeter would play only four games for Cleveland.
After the Philadelphia Phillies lose their Opening Day game to the Cincinnati Reds 9–4, Phillies manager Eddie Sawyer resigns, ending his managerial career.[1]
On Easter Sunday, Cleveland Indians general manager Frank Lane completes his second trade with the Detroit Tigers in five days when he sends Rocky Colavito, the American League's co-leader in home runs for 1959, to the Motor City in exchange for Harvey Kuenn, the league's defending batting champion. Colavito, an unparalleled fan favorite in Cleveland, would hit 173 home runs before returning to the Tribe in 1965. Kuenn would report to Cleveland, pull a muscle, and never be the same hitter. He would be traded after one season.
Eddie Mathews of the Milwaukee Braves hits his 300th home run, off Robin Roberts, plus a double and a triple, as Milwaukee beats the Philadelphia Phillies, 8–4. To date, only Jimmie Foxx hit his 300th at a younger age.
In the American League opener at Washington, D.C., a week after the National League start, President Dwight D. Eisenhower throws out the first ball, then watches the Senators' Camilo Pascual strike out 15 Boston Red Sox batters to tie Walter Johnson's team record. Boston's only run in a 10–1 loss is a Ted Williams home run.
Indians general manager Frank Lane continues to swap, sending Cleveland favorite Herb Score to the Chicago White Sox for Barry Latman. Score and Rocky Colavito, traded three days previously, were the last two players to predate Lane's arrival in Cleveland.
Before a home crowd of 41,661, Minnie Miñoso celebrates his return to the Chicago White Sox with a fourth-inning grand slam against the Kansas City Athletics. Leading off the bottom of the ninth with the score tied 9–9, Miñoso hits a solo homer for his sixth RBI.
On Patriots' Day at Fenway Park, Roger Maris makes his debut with the New York Yankees as he goes 4-for-5, including two home runs with four RBI. The Yankees spoil the Boston Red Sox home opener with an 8–4 win.
The Detroit Tigers and Cleveland Indians play the longest season opener in major-league history, a 15-inning affair won by the Tigers 4–2 at Cleveland Stadium.
April 29 – At home, the St. Louis Cardinals crush the Chicago Cubs, 16–6. Stan Musial plays his 1,000th game at first base, becoming the first major league player ever with that many at two positions (1,513 games in the outfield). A bright spot for the Cubs is Ernie Banks, who hits two home runs to break Gabby Hartnett's club record of 231 homers.
MayEdit
May 1 – Skinny Brown of the Baltimore Orioles pitches a 4–1 win over the Yankees. Brown allows just one hit, a first-inning home run by Mickey Mantle. Rookie Ron Hansen matches Mantle to up his RBI total to an American League high 32.
May 4:
The Chicago Cubs make a trade with WGN (AM), plucking Lou Boudreau out of the broadcast booth to replace Charlie Grimm (6–11) as Cubs manager. "Jolly Cholly", meanwhile, replaces Boudreau behind the mike. The Cubs win, 5–1, over the Pirates as pitcher Dick Ellsworth gains his first ML victory.
Baltimore Orioles catcher Gus Triandos sets a pair of American League records with three passed balls in one inning (6th) and four in one game, but knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm, making a rare start, goes seven innings and gets credit for a 6–4 Baltimore win over the Chicago White Sox. Early Wynn records his 2,000th strikeout in a no-decision effort for Chicago. Triandos' passed ball mark for an inning will be tied by reserve backstop Joe Ginsberg in six days, and Tom Egan will collect five PBs in 1970 to erase Triandos' name off the list.
May 6 – The Dodgers send veteran outfielder Sandy Amorós to Detroit for first baseman Gail Harris.
Pitcher Larry Sherry and catcher Norm Sherry of the Dodgers become the 10th sibling battery in ML history. Norm belts an 11th-inning home run to give his reliever brother Larry a 3–2 win against the Phillies.
Boston Red Sox pitcher Bill Monbouquette allows just one hit in beating the visiting Detroit Tigers, 5–0. Neil Chrisley's double is the only Tigers hit.
May 10:
Catcher Joe Ginsberg of the Orioles loses a struggle with Hoyt Wilhelm's knuckleball facing the Athletics, and ties the record set six days earlier by teammate Gus Triandos with three passed balls in one inning.
Grand slams by Boston Red Sox teammates Vic Wertz and Rip Repulski at Fenway Park give Boston a 9–7 win over the Chicago White Sox. A former National League veteran, Repulski's eighth-inning shot off Don Ferrarese comes on his first American League at bat.
Sam Jones pitches a two-hitter and draws a bases-loaded walk for the only run, as the Giants edge the visitors Phillies, 1–0. Jim Owens is the loser.
The Phillies announce a trade of first baseman Ed Bouchee and pitcher Don Cardwell to the Chicago Cubs for second baseman Tony Taylor and catcher Cal Neeman.
May 12 – Duplicating Sam Jones' effort of the previous day, the Giants' Jack Sanford pitches a two-hit, 1–0 win over the Phillies. Sanford matches Jones by striking out 11 and walking three.
Mike McCormick's shutout of the Los Angeles Dodgers is the third straight by a San Francisco Giants pitcher, following two-hitters against the Philadelphia Phillies by Sam Jones and Jack Sanford. The first-place Giants have seven straight wins.
Dick Groat of the Pittsburgh Pirates becomes the first National League player since Connie Ryan in 1953 to go 6-for-6 as Pittsburgh beats the Milwaukee Braves, 8–2.
The Philadelphia Phillies suffer their third straight 1–0 shutout, losing to the host Cincinnati Reds. The Phillies, losers of back-to-back 1–0 games in San Francisco, tie the major-league record for consecutive 1–0 losses. Jim O'Toole's win is Cincinnati's ninth straight.
Two days after being traded from the Phillies to the Cubs, Don Cardwell pitches a no-hitter against the St. Louis Cardinals. A brilliant, leaping catch of Carl Sawatski's line drive by George Altman in the eighth inning saves Cardwell's gem. Ernie Banks' home run paces the 4–0 win, the first no-hitter against the Cards since May 11, 1919.
May 19 – The New York Yankees send shortstop Andy Carey to the Kansas City Athletics for slugger Bob Cerv. Cerv had been with the Yankees for five years before going to KC, where he hit 38 home runs in 1958 and was chosen as the American League left fielder in the All-Star Game over Ted Williams. Cerv would be claimed in the 1960 MLB expansion draft and the Yankees would reacquire him.
May 25 – George Crowe of the St. Louis Cardinals set a major league record with his 11th pinch-hit home run, off Don McMahon, as the Cardinals win, 5–3, over the Braves. Crowe began the season tied with Smoky Burgess and Gus Zernial in most career pinch home runs.
Since there is no rule limiting the size or shape of the catcher's mitt, Baltimore manager Paul Richards combats the team passed-ball problem while catching Hoyt Wilhelm (38 in 1959; 11 so far this year) by devising an oversized mitt to gather in Wilhelm's fluttering knuckleball. It is half again as large as the standard glove and 40 ounces heavier. Wilhelm goes the distance in beating New York, 3–2, at Yankee Stadium. Catcher Clint Courtney has no passed balls behind the plate.
Camilo Pascual strikes out 13 but the Washington Senators lose to the Boston Red Sox, 4–3. It is Pascual's third loss to Boston this year.
May 28 – Manager Casey Stengel is hospitalized with a virus and high fever and will miss 13 games. The Yankees go 7–6 under interim manager Ralph Houk.
JuneEdit
June 12 – In a record-tying three-hour-and-52-minute, 9-inning game, Willie McCovey's pinch-hit grand slam, the first slam of his career, and Orlando Cepeda's three-run double pace the Giants to a 16–7 rout of the Braves.
June 19 – In a brilliant pair of pitching performances, Orioles pitchers Hoyt Wilhelm and Milt Pappas throw shutouts to beat the host Detroit Tigers. Wilhelm allows two hits in winning the opener, 2–0, over Jim Bunning, and Pappas allows three hits in winning the nightcap, 1–0, over Don Mossi. Jim Gentile and Ron Hansen collect home runs as catcher Clint Courtney, using the big glove designed by manager Paul Richards, is twice charged with batter interference, the first loading the bases in the 4th inning.
June 24 – Willie Mays belts two home runs and makes 10 putouts to lead the Giants in a 5–3 win at Cincinnati. Mays adds three RBI, three runs scored, a single and a steal of home.
June 26 – Hoping to speed up the election process, the Hall of Fame changes its voting procedures. The new rules allow the Special Veterans Committee to vote annually, rather than every other year, and to induct up to two players a year. The BBWAA is authorized to hold a runoff election of the top 30 vote getters if no one is elected in the first ballot.
June 30 – Dick Stuart blasts three consecutive home runs, as the Pirates split with the Giants. Stuart drives in seven runs and joins Ralph Kiner as the second Pirates player to hit three home runs in a game at Forbes Field.
JulyEdit
July 4 – Mickey Mantle's three-run first-inning home run off Hal Woodeshick is the 300th of his career. Mantle becomes the 18th major leaguer to join the 300 home run club, but the Yankees drop a 9–8 decision to the Senators.
July 9 – Jim Coates suffers his first loss after nine straight wins, and 14 straight over two seasons, as the Boston Red Sox beat the Yankees, 6–5. The Sox are led by Vic Wertz, who hit a home run, double and single to drive in four runs. Coates' major-league career-record is 17–2.
July 11 – At Kansas City Municipal Stadium, one-hit three-innings shutout pitching by Bob Friend and home runs by Ernie Banks and Del Crandall pace the National League to a 5–4 win over the American League in the first of two All-Star Games. Friend, of the Pittsburgh Pirates, has notched two of the NL's last three All-Star wins.
July 13 – At Yankee Stadium, Vern Law becomes the second Pirates pitcher to win a 1960 All-Star Game, working two scoreless innings. Stan Musial comes off the National League bench and hits his record sixth and last All-Star Game home run. Willie Mays, Ken Boyer and Eddie Mathews also homer in the 6–0 NL win, the third shutout in All-Star Game history. Law (1st, 2nd) combines the eight-hit shutout along with Johnny Podres (3rd), Stan Williams (5th, 6th), Larry Jackson (7th), Bill Henry (8th) and Lindy McDaniel (9th). Whitey Ford is the loser.
July 18 – The National League votes to expand to 10 clubs if the Continental League does not join organized baseball. The new NL clubs would invade CL territories.
July 19:
In a spectacular ML debut, Juan Marichal of the San Francisco Giants pitches no-hit ball until Clay Dalrymple pinch-hit singles with two out in the 7th inning. Marichal winds up with 12 strikeouts and a one-hit 2–0 win against the Phillies, becoming the first National League pitcher since 1900 to debut with a one-hitter.
Roy Sievers' 21-game hitting streak, the longest for any player in the season, ends, but Chicago White Sox teammate Luis Aparicio's inside-the-park home run and Billy Pierce's shutout beat Boston, 6–0.
Senators ace Pedro Ramos pitches a one-hit, 5–0 shutout over Detroit. Rocky Colavito's leadoff single in the eighth inning, a grounder that eludes shortstop José Valdivielso, is the lone safety.
July 20 – At Cleveland Municipal Stadium, Mickey Mantle golfs a Gary Bell pitch over the auxiliary scoreboard into the distant upper deck in right field, matching Luke Easter as the only major league players to reach that spot. Cleveland holds on for an 8–6 win over the Yankees.
July 21 – Robin Roberts pitches his third career one-hitter, and the third one-hitter of the season in new Candlestick Park. Felipe Alou spoils Roberts' no-hit bid in the fifth inning of a 3–0 Phillies victory. Third baseman Joe Morgan fields the hit, but falls down and cannot make a throw.
July 22 – At Fenway Park, the Boston Red Sox down the Cleveland Indians, 6–4. Vic Wertz has a three-run home run and four RBI. Ted Williams also homers, and in the 7th inning, steals second base. Williams sets a major league record as the only player to steal bases in four consecutive decades. He would be matched by Rickey Henderson in 2000. The Indians' Jimmy Piersall homers twice, with both round-trippers coming off winner Ike Delock.
July 23 – Kansas City outfielder Whitey Herzog hits into the only all-Cuban triple play in ML history. The action goes from Washington Senators starting pitcher Pedro Ramos, to first baseman Julio Bécquer, to shortstop José Valdivielso. The victory, however, goes to reliever Chuck Stobbs (7–2) as the Senators take an 8–3 decision. Harmon Killebrew has a two-run home run.
July 30 – Just as he predicts, Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Art Mahaffey picks off the first batter to get a hit against him. Then with the next batter to get a hit, he does it again. Curt Flood and Bill White of the St. Louis Cardinals are the base runner victims, but St. Louis still wins, 6–3. In his next game, the first batter to get a hit off Mahaffey will be Jim Marshall, and Mahaffey will pick him off as well.
AugustEdit
August 2 – In an agreement with the major leagues, the Continental League abandons plans to join the American League and National League. Walter O'Malley, chairman of the NL Expansion Committee, says, "We immediately will recommend expansion and that we would like to do it in 1961." Milwaukee Braves owner Lou Perini proposes a compromise that four of the CL territories be admitted to the current majors in orderly expansion. Branch Rickey's group quickly accepts. The Continental League ends without playing a game.
August 3 – In an unusual move, Cleveland Indians GM Frank Lane trades managers with Detroit Tigers GM Bill DeWitt. The Indians' Joe Gordon (49–46) is dealt to the Tigers for Jimmy Dykes (44–52). For one game, until the pair can change places, Jo-Jo White pilots the Indians and Billy Hitchcock guides the Tigers.
August 7 – The Chicago White Sox win a pair from the Washington Senators, with reliever Gerry Staley picking up two victories. Staley will be 13–8, all in relief, with both wins and losses topping the American League relievers.
August 8 – Before a day crowd of 48,323, the largest day crowd ever at Comiskey Park, cheer White Sox pitcher Billy Pierce four-hit victory over the Yankees, 9–1. Pierce faces just 31 batters.
August 9 – With fine relief pitching of Lindy McDaniel in the opener and a five-hitter by Curt Simmons in the nitecap, the St. Louis Cardinals sweep the Philadelphia Phillies, 5–4 and 6–0. Phillies Tony Taylor ties a major league record for a second baseman by going the entire doubleheader (18 innings) without a putout – the first to achieve the feat since Connie Ryan, of the Phillies, on June 14, 1953.
August 10 – Ted Williams blast a pair of home runs and a double to pace the Red Sox to a 6–1 win over the Cleveland Indians. Williams has 21 homers for the season. The first of the two today, #512, moves him past Mel Ott into fourth place on the all-time list. After the game, Williams announces that he will retire at the end of the season.
August 18 – Facing just the minimum 27 batters, Lew Burdette of the Milwaukee Braves almost pitches a perfect game, instead settling for a 1–0 no-hitter against the Phillies. Tony González, the only Phillies base runner, reached first base in the fifth inning after being hit by a pitch and was wiped out in a double play. The Milwaukee pitcher also scores the only run of the game.
August 20 – Ted Williams draws the 2,000th walk of his career in the Red Sox' split of a twi-night doubleheader with the Orioles. Williams joins Babe Ruth as the only major leaguers to collect 2,000 walks. Rickey Henderson in 2000, and Barry Bonds in 2003, will join the select 2,000 walks group.
August 23 – Following up his no-hitter, Lew Burdette fires his third shutout in a row, pitching the Milwaukee Braves to a 7–0 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers.
August 27 – After pitching 32⅔ shutout innings, Braves pitcher Lew Burdette gives up a Felipe Alou home run as San Francisco defeats the Braves 3–1.
August 30 – Boston Red Sox second baseman Pete Runnels goes 6-for-7, as Boston edge the Tigers in the 15-inning opener of a twin bill. Runnels' 15th-inning double brings Frank Malzone home with the winning run to win, 5–4. Runnels has three more hits in the nightcap victory, 3–2 in 10 innings. His six hits are the most in an American League game since July 8, 1955. With 9-for-11 in the doubleheader, Runnels ties the major league record.
SeptemberEdit
September 2 – Boston's Ted Williams hits a home run off Don Lee of the Senators. Williams had homered against Lee's father, Thornton, 20 years earlier.
September 3:
A battle of left-handed pitchers features Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers against Mike McCormick of the San Francisco Giants. Felipe Alou's home run gives McCormick a 1–0 win, his second 1–0 win against Los Angeles in 1960.
September 10 – In Detroit, Yankees Mickey Mantle hit a home run in the sixth inning, the ball clearing the right field roof and landing in the Brooks Lumber Yard across Trumbull Avenue. In June 1985, Mantle's blow was retroactively measured at 643 feet, and will be listed in the Guinness Book of World Records at that distance.
September 13–18-year-old outfielder Danny Murphy becomes the youngest Chicago Cubs player to hit a home run when he clouts a three-run homer off Bob Purkey of the Cincinnati Reds, as the Reds win 8–6 at home. Murphy will play just 49 games for the Cubs from 1960–62. He will come back as a pitcher for the Chicago White Sox in 1969–70.
September 15 – Willie Mays ties the modern major league record with three triples in a game against the Phillies. The last National League player to hit three triples in a game was Roberto Clemente, in 1958.
September 16:
At the age of 39, Warren Spahn notches his 11th 20-win season with a 4–0 no-hitter against the Phillies. Spahn also sets a Milwaukee club record with 15 strikeouts in handing the last-place Phils their 90th loss of the year.
The Baltimore Orioles (83–58) and New York Yankees (82–57) open a crucial four games series with the Orioles just .002 in back of New York. Three days later, during a doubleheader, the Yankees will sweep Baltimore. The faltering Birds, now four back, will end up in second place, eight games back.
September 18 – At Wrigley Field, Ernie Banks sets a record by drawing his 27th intentional walk of the season.
September 19 – The Chicago White Sox' pennant hopes are damaged with a nitecap 7–6 loss to the Detroit Tigers, after they win the opener, 8–4. Pinch hitter Norm Cash scores the decisive run in the second game; he thus ends the season by grounding into no double plays, becoming the first American League player since league records on this were started in 1940. Teammates Dick McAuliffe and Roger Repoz will duplicate this in 1968.
September 20 – Boston Red Sox outfielder Carroll Hardy pinch-hits for Ted Williams, who is forced to leave the game after fouling a ball off his ankle, and grounds into a double play. On May 31, 1961, Hardy will pinch hit for rookie Carl Yastrzemski, making him the only player to go to bat for both future Hall of Famers. Hardy also hit his first major league home run pinch-hitting for Roger Maris when both were at Cleveland (May 18, 1958).
For the first time since 1927, the Pittsburgh Pirates are headed for the World Series.
Ralph Terry clinches the New York Yankees' 25th pennant with a 4–3 win over the Boston Red Sox. Luis Arroyo saves the win. It is Casey Stengel's 10th pennant in 12 years at New York.
September 28 – In his last major league at bat, Ted Williams picks out a 1–1 pitch by Baltimore's Jack Fisher and drives it 450 feet into the right-center field seats behind the Boston bullpen. It is Williams' 521st and last career home run, putting him third on the all-time list. Williams stays in the dugout, ignoring the thunderous ovation at Fenway Park and refusing to tip his hat to the hometown fans.
OctoberEdit
October 2 – The Baltimore Orioles defeat the Washington Senators 2–1 at Griffith Stadium in the Senators' final game before their move to the Minneapolis-St. Paul area. Milt Pappas wins the pitchers' duel against Pedro Ramos, who gives up a home run to Jackie Brandt for the deciding run.
October 3 – The New York Yankees head into the World Series with a 15-game winning streak, the 8th longest streak in the American League this century, after Dale Long's two-run 9th-inning home run gives them an 8–7 win over the Boston Red Sox. The 193 home runs are an AL season record, three better than the 1956 Yankees. RBI leader Roger Maris drives in three runs, but falls one home run short of Mickey Mantle's league-high 40.
October 5 – In a portent of things to come, Bill Mazeroski's two-run 5th-inning home run off Jim Coates is the difference as Pittsburgh beats the Yankees 6–4 in its first World Series win since 1925. Roy Face survives a two-run 9th-inning Elston Howard home run to preserve Vern Law's victory.
October 6 – Mickey Mantle hits two home runs in a Yankees 16–3 victory at Forbes Field, evening the World Series. A seven-run 6th inning overwhelms Pittsburgh.
October 8 – At Yankee Stadium, Bobby Richardson collects six RBI, including a grand slam off reliever Clem Labine in a six-run first inning, and Whitey Ford pitches a four-hitter 10–0 shutout to give the Yankees a 2–1 World Series lead, spoiling Pittsburgh manager Danny Murtaugh's 43rd birthday.
October 9 – Vern Law wins again, thanks to his own RBI single and Bill Virdon's two-run hit. Roy Face retires the final eight batters in order. The Pittsburgh Pirates 3–2 win evens the 1960 World Series.
October 10 – Bill Mazeroski stars again. His two-run double stakes Harvey Haddix to a 3–0 lead. Roy Face is called on once more for another hitless effort to preserve a 5–2 win over the Yankees and 3–2 World Series lead for the surprising Pirates.
October 12 – In Game Six of the World Series, Whitey Ford preserves the Yankees hopes with a seven-hit shutout at Forbes Field. Bob Friend is bombed again as the Yankees coasts 12–0. Bobby Richardson's two run-scoring triples give him a WS record of 12 RBI.
October 13 – In a 9–9 tie, Bill Mazeroski leads off the last of the ninth inning and hits what is arguably the most dramatic home run in WS history, off Yankees Ralph Terry, to give the Pittsburgh Pirates a 10–9 win and the World Series Championship. The drama of Mazeroski's home run was heightened by the excitement that preceded the home run: A combined total of seven runs were scored by both teams in a wild and whacky bottom of the eighth and top of the ninth. An oddity in this game – it is the only World Series game this century with no strikeouts recorded. Another oddity, this one to the 1960 World Series itself – Mazeroski's home run makes this 1960 World Series the only World Series in Major League history won by a home run in the bottom of the ninth inning of the seventh and deciding game. Despite Mazeroski's heroics, however, Bobby Richardson is named the Series MVP, as the Yankees outscore Pittsburgh, 55 to 27.
October 17 – The National League votes to admit Houston and New York City teams to the league in 1962, the first structural change since 1900, and to go to a 10-team league.
October 18 – Instituting a mandatory retirement age of 65, New York Yankees co-owners Dan Topping and Del Webb relieve Casey Stengel as the team manager. Stengel says "I wasn't retired—they fired me." Veteran skipper has a 1,149–696 career record. Stengel would return to managing in 1962, when he became the first-ever manager of the New York Mets.
October 20 – Coach Ralph Houk, at 41 age, is named to succeed Casey Stengel as the Yankees manager. Houk briefly led the Yankees in 1960 when Stengel was hospitalized.
October 27 – Trying to jump ahead of the National League, the American League admits Los Angeles and Minneapolis teams to the league with plans to have the new clubs begin competition in 1961 in the new 10-team league. Calvin Griffith is given permission to move the existing Washington Senators franchise to Minneapolis–Saint Paul. (An expansion team, also called the Senators, will be placed in Washington.) American League president Joe Cronin says the league will play a 162-game schedule, with 18 games against each opponent. The National League will balk, saying the two expansions are not analogous and that the American League was not invited to move into LA.
November–DecemberEdit
November 2 – Hank Greenberg asks for American League dates at the Los Angeles Coliseum, home of the National League Dodgers. Greenberg and Bill Veeck are expected to run the new Los Angeles club in the AL. On November 17, Greenberg will drop out of the bidding to run the new franchise.
November 22 – The American League proposes that both leagues expand to nine teams in 1961 and begin interleague play. It will delay entering the Los Angeles market if the National League agrees.
November 26 – Twins is the appropriate new name chosen for the club transplanted from Washington, D.C. to the Twin Cities of Minneapolis–Saint Paul.
December 5 – American League president Joe Cronin suggests that if the National League starts its new New York City franchise in 1961, the AL will stay out of Los Angeles until 1962. The NL turned down the suggested compromise of November 22 because Houston will not be ready in 1961.
December 6 – A group headed by movie star Gene Autry and former football star Bob Reynolds is awarded the new American League Los Angeles Angels. Charlie Finley withdraws his bid for Los Angeles and offers to purchase control of the Kansas City Athletics. On December 20, Finley will buys the 52 percent of the A's in Arnold Johnson's estate.
December 21 – Chicago Cubs owner P.K. Wrigley says his team will have no manager, but will use a college of coaches.
1960 Nippon Professional Baseball season
^ Mackin, Bob (2004). The Unofficial Guide to Baseball's Most Unusual Records. Canada: Greystone Books. p. 240. ISBN 9781553650386.
1960 Major League Baseball season schedule
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1960_Major_League_Baseball_season&oldid=906093620"


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    <base href="/">
    <title>Angular QuickStart</title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          rel="stylesheet"
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u"
          crossorigin="anonymous">
    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"
            integrity="sha256-hVVnYaiADRTO2PzUGmuLJr8BLUSjGIZsDYGmIJLv2b8="
            crossorigin="anonymous">
    </script>
    <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"
            integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa"
            crossorigin="anonymous">
    </script>

    <!-- Auth0 Lock script -->
    <script src="http://cdn.auth0.com/js/lock/10.7/lock.min.js"></script>

    <!-- Polyfill(s) for older browsers -->
    <script src="node_modules/core-js/client/shim.min.js"></script>

    <script src="node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js"></script>
    <script src="node_modules/reflect-metadata/Reflect.js"></script>
    <script src="node_modules/systemjs/dist/system.src.js"></script>

    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <script>
      System.import('app').catch(function(err){ console.error(err); });
    </script>
  </head>

  <body>
      <my-app>Loading AppComponent content here ...</my-app>
  </body>
</html>