text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace AZMapper.AQ
{
    public class MonitoredEntity : IDisposable
    {
        public WeakReference Ref { get; private set; }
        private List<MonitorItemValue> _items;
        private bool _disposed;

        private MonitoredEntity() { }

        public MonitoredEntity(object entity)
        {
            Ref = new WeakReference(entity, false);
            SetItemValues(entity);
            _disposed = false;
        }

        private void SetItemValues(object entity)
        {
            var getters = ObjectGetterStorage.Instance.GetGetters(entity.GetType());
            _items = new List<MonitorItemValue>(getters.Count);
            foreach (var getter in getters)
            {
                object val = getter.Value.Getter(entity);
                _items.Add(new MonitorItemValue() { Name = getter.Key, Value = (val == null) ? 0 : val.GetHashCode() });
            }
        }

        public List<string> CompareValues(object entity)
        {
            var getters = ObjectGetterStorage.Instance.GetGetters(entity.GetType());
            int hashCode;
            var list = new List<string>();

            foreach (var getter in getters)
            {
                object val = getter.Value.Getter(entity);
                hashCode = (val == null) ? 0 : val.GetHashCode();

                var item = _items.Find((x) => { return x.Name == getter.Key; });
                if (item.Value != hashCode)
                {
                    list.Add(getter.Key);
                }
            }

            return list;
        }

        public void UpdateValues(object source)
        {
            if (source != Ref.Target)
                throw new MapperException("Object reference mismatch");

            SetItemValues(source);
        }

        #region Dispose

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(true);
            //GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        private void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (!_disposed)
            {
                if (disposing)
                {
                    if (_items != null)
                        _items.Clear();
                }

                Ref = null;
                _items = null;
                _disposed = true;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        private struct MonitorItemValue
        {
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public int Value { get; set; }
        }
    }
}


Do Dogs Lose Their Undercoats?
Your husky sheds his undercoat every spring.
If your dog has an undercoat, you know that it's as likely to shed as the rest of his hair. Every spring and fall, just like clockwork, your dog starts leaving tufts and clumps of undercoat in his wake. That's when redoubling your grooming routine pays off; a little more effort in the brushing department means you won't clog up the vacuum cleaner with wads of undercoat hair or trip over errant undercoat tumbleweeds.
Dogs shed from their outer coats a bit year round, but those with an undercoat have the added bonus of also going through a full-blown shedding season in spring and fall. For most dogs, shedding season only comes twice a year, but some females who haven't been fixed get to shed extra. If your female dog is one of the elite few, at around 3 or 4 years of age she'll "blow her coat" each time she finishes a heat cycle.
Most dogs have undercoats, but you can't always tell this from the length of a dog's hair alone. Herding dogs and working dogs tend to have an undercoat, as do the Nordic breeds like Siberian huskies and malamutes. Long-haired dogs like collies, chow chows and Afghan hounds have an undercoat, but so do breeds with mid-length hair like Australian cattle dogs and Akitas. A better way to visually judge whether a dog has an undercoat is how thick the coat appears. Even with the shorter-haired Australian cattle dog, you can tell that his coat is dense.
If your pooch has an undercoat, you can do your part to ease the shedding problem. Brush him at least once a week, but as much as daily during shedding season. The line brushing method is useful for dogs with undercoats. It removes loose hairs and mats from the undercoat without pulling or tugging on your dog and is done by brushing your dog's hair in a line down his entire body, a section at a time. More frequent bathing during shedding season helps too. One bath a week while your dog is in the process of losing his undercoat washes away loose hairs, ensuring they won't get left on your clothing or furniture.
For a dog without an undercoat, any old brush might work just fine for a grooming session. But if your dog has an undercoat, arm yourself with the right tools to keep undercoat shedding under control. Slicker brushes are useful for dense and longer hair because they brush the outer coat while still getting down to the undercoat. If your dog has short hair, a rubber brush with soft, tapered cone-shaped teeth should work well to keep him groomed while removing loose undercoat hairs. And any puppy parent whose pooch has an undercoat should have an undercoat rake. This tool is specially made to groom the dense undercoat, nabbing free hairs and keeping the undercoat mat-free in the process.


TORONTO, Dec. 18, 2017 /CNW/ – Supreme Pharmaceuticals Inc. ("Supreme or the "Company") (TSXV:FIRE) is pleased to announce the purchase of an approximately six acre property adjacent to the 7ACRES facility in Kincardine, Ontario. Supreme expects to build an indoor cultivation facility ("Lot 16") to produce high quality, "California-Style" cannabis for the premium product segment.
Supreme is currently in the design phase of the project and intends to break ground in the summer of 2018. The Company intends to complete the project by the end of 2019. Supreme anticipates that Lot 16, once fully operational and subject to licensing by Health Canada, will produce 10,000 kg per year of premium "California-Style" indoor cannabis. Supreme intends on using lighting, HVAC and irrigation infrastructure ideally suited to cultivating premium cannabis cultivars. Lot 16 is expected to employ Supreme's proprietary post-harvest processes to produce dried cannabis flower that is slow-dried, artisanal cured and finished by hand. Supreme intends to market the Lot 16 dried cannabis flower as an ultra-premium consumer product and pursue favorable pricing economics with current and future retail partners. Supreme acquired the Lot 16 land for $1,927,200.
Certain statements made in this press release may constitute forward-looking information under applicable securities laws. These statements may relate to anticipated events or results and include, but are not limited to, expectations regarding, the construction and design of the Lot 16 facility, the ability for Supreme to finance the construction of the Lot 16 facility economically, licensing risk relating to the Lot 16 facility, our regulatory environment and potential changes in law generally, expectations regarding our production capacity at the Lot 16 facility, technology and operations and other statements that are not historical facts. Particularly, information regarding our expectations of future results, targets, performance achievements, prospects or opportunities is forward-looking information. Often, but not always, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "may" "will", "expect", "believe", "estimate", "plan", "could", "should", "would", "outlook", "forecast", "anticipate", "foresee", "continue" or the negative of these terms or variations of them or similar terminology. Forward-looking statements are current as of the date they are made and are based on applicable estimates and assumptions made by us at the relevant time in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that we believe are appropriate and reasonable in the circumstances. However, we do not undertake to update any such forward-looking information whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required under applicable securities laws in Canada. There can be no assurance that such estimates and assumptions will prove to be correct. Many factors could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements or future events or developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the factors discussed in the "Risks and Uncertainties" section of the Company's Management's Discussion & Analysis dated November 27, 2017 ("MD&A"). A copy of the MD&A and the Company's other publicly filed documents can be accessed under the Company's profile on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval ("SEDAR") at www.sedar.com. The Company cautions that the list of risk factors and uncertainties described in the MD&A is not exhaustive and other factors could also adversely affect its results. Readers are urged to consider the risks, uncertainties and assumptions carefully in evaluating the forward-looking information and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such information.


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Biden Administration Halts Covid-19 Test Requirement for Air Travelers to U.S.
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text:
\section{Introduction}
In the past two decades, scientists have made significant progress in the field of quantum computation. Quantum computer protocols based on different physical principles have been constructed and manufactured. Despite this progress, large-scale quantum computers are still not available.

According to the no-programming Theorem \cite{PhysRevLett.79.321}, a quantum-controlled quantum computer is not better than a classically controlled quantum computer. Therefore, a modern quantum computer consists of a large classical memory controlling a small quantum memory. The limited quantum memory poses great challenges to physicists and computer scientists. In particular, one must decide how to use this limited quantum memory efficiently. One possible way is to build larger-scale quantum computers. Another way is to introduce algorithms that require a small quantum memory, but a large classical memory. In this work, we address the latter case for a special class of problems -- the data stream problems.

Data stream problems process data streams where the input data comes at a high rate. The massive input data challenges communication, computation, and storage. In particular, one may not be able to transmit, compute and store the whole input. For such problems, classical and quantum algorithms have been proposed with the aim to reduce space complexity. On quantum computers, such algorithms usually use polynomially or even exponentially less quantum memory than their classical counterparts using classical memory.

However, quantum algorithms are generally performed on a universal quantum computer. Note that for some structures quantum gates can change continuously by slowly varying some physical parameters, and it seems that one should use a continuous set of quantum gates to describe them. However, by considering the uncertainty principle, physical parameters can only be measured with errors. Due to these errors, quantum gates with slightly different parameters can therefore often not be distinguished and should be regarded as the same quantum gate. This brings us back to a discrete set of quantum gates and a universal quantum computer. On such a universal quantum computer, only a finite set of quantum gates -- the universal quantum gates -- can be used directly. Other quantum gates are approximated by quantum gate array to a certain accuracy.

According to the no-programming theorem, universal quantum computers need extra memory, in particular, they need classical memory in order to store the program for the desired quantum gate array. Therefore, the length of the desired quantum gate array would determine the length of the program, which requires extra memory. In this work, we include the extra memory for programs when considering the space complexity, and show that if the extra memory is taken into account, the space complexity of the proposed quantum algorithm for the PartialMOD problem is approximately equal to the space complexity of the respective classical algorithms and that for the Equality problem is even worse. This way, the considered streaming algorithm on universal quantum computers have no advantage over their classical counterparts. Note that our result does not imply that these problems cannot be solved efficiently in a different model. Instead, it suggests that different problems may be solved more efficiently in some particular model, but not in others. We therefore see our result as an inspiration to consider quantum algorithms with respect to the framework in which they can be implemented.

\section{Related Work}

Classical data stream problems have been first formalized and popularized by Alon et al.\ \cite{Alon:1996:SCA:237814.237823} in order to estimate the frequency moment of a sequence using as little memory as possible. The PartialMOD \cite{AMBAINIS2012289} and Equality-like problems \cite{Yao:1979:CQR:800135.804414} are well-known examples of problems in this class. For the PartialMOD problem, Ambainis et al.\ \cite{AMBAINIS2012289} proved a tight bound of $\log p$ bits in the deterministic setting. Ablayev et al. \cite{ABLAYEV2005145,ablayev2008complexity} proved a tight bound of $n$ bits for the deterministic classical streaming algorithms computing Equality problems.

For the quantum version of data stream problems, Watrous \cite{Watrous:1998:SQC:928244} proved the well-known result that the complexity class PrSPACE(s) is equal to the complexity class PrQSPACE(s), which implies that to some extent, quantum algorithms are not better than classical algorithms with respect to their space complexity. For the PartialMOD problem, Ablayev et al.\ \cite{10.1007/978-3-319-09704-6_6} proposed a quantum algorithm that requires only $1$ qubit while classical algorithms need $\log p$ bits. Ablayev et al.\ \cite{ablayev2008complexity} later proposed quantum streaming algorithms for Equality Boolean functions. Their results show that some problems have both logarithmic or better quantum algorithms, whereas at least a logarithmic number of bits is needed for classical algorithms. Based on both previous results, Khadiev et al. \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1709-08409,DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1710-09595,DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1802-05134} proposed quantum stream algorithms with constant space complexity, which is better than classical streaming algorithms that require polylogarithmically many bits. Le Gall \cite{LeGall2009} also investigated a certain variation of the Equality problem and proposed a quantum algorithm with exponentially lower space complexity (both quantum and classical) than the corresponding classical algorithm.

The field of communication complexity also investigated Equality problems. Buhrman et al.\ \cite{PhysRevLett.87.167902} introduced quantum fingerprinting and proposed to use it in communication theory. They chose the Equality problem as an example in their paper. Recently, Guan et al.\ \cite{PhysRevLett.116.240502} managed to realize the above progress experimentally.

In our paper, we focus on the space complexity of data stream problems on universal quantum computers. For such computers, the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm \cite{Dawson:2006:SA:2011679.2011685,Kitaev:2002:CQC:863293,doi:10.1063/1.1495899} states that any operator can be approximated to an accuracy of $\epsilon$ by $\log^c \frac {1}{\epsilon}$ quantum gates from a finite set of gates. Different versions of the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm consider different values of $c$. In \cite{Dawson:2006:SA:2011679.2011685}, Dawson and Nielsen introduced a version with $c\approx 4$. Kitaev et al. \cite{Kitaev:2002:CQC:863293} proposed a version with $c\approx 2$, and Harrow et al. \cite{doi:10.1063/1.1495899} finally proved a lower bound of $c=1$. Moreover, they showed that the corresponding algorithm exists but cannot be given explicitly.

\section{Background}
We will start by describing the notation for quantum computation we use in this paper. We will introduce fundamental concepts of quantum physics using the Dirac notation, and also present the Bloch sphere model, which is a geometric way to comprehend quantum algorithms. In Section \ref{sec:solovay-kitaev}, we will then clarify the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm \cite{Dawson:2006:SA:2011679.2011685} which gives a way to efficiently approximate any desired operation on a universal quantum computer with a finite set of operations. Finally, in Section \ref{sec:no-programming}, we will explain the quantum no-programming theorem \cite{PhysRevLett.79.321}. This theorem points out that we must use orthonormal quantum states to perform different operators with deterministic quantum gate arrays and as such it forms the basis of a classically controlled quantum computer.

\subsection{Notation}\label{sec:notation}
Let $|i\rangle $ denote the $i$-th classical state of the (complete orthonormal) computational basis of a Hilbert space. We can write a pure state of a quantum memory as a column vector $|\psi\rangle = \left(\alpha_1,...,\alpha_n\right)^T =\sum_{i=1}^{n}{\alpha_i|i\rangle}$. Its norm satisfies $\langle \psi|\psi\rangle = \sum_{i=1}^{n}{|\alpha_i|^2}=1$,
where $\langle\psi|$ is the conjugate transpose of $|\psi\rangle$.

The evolution of a state can be represented by a unitary operator $U$.
That is, given an initial state  $|\psi\rangle$, the final state after applying $U$ is
$|\psi'\rangle=U|\psi\rangle$. It is easy to verify that the norm of a state does not change after an evolution.

A single-qubit memory can be represented as a point on the so-called Bloch sphere. Explicitly, a unitary operator
$$ U=
\begin{pmatrix}
    \cos(\frac {\theta}{2}) &   -e^{-i\phi} \sin(\frac {\theta}{2}) \\
    e^{i\phi}\sin(\frac {\theta}{2}) & \cos (\frac {\theta}{2})
\end{pmatrix}.
$$

\noindent corresponds to the vector $U|0\rangle$, pointing to $(\theta,\phi)$ on the sphere, where $\theta$ is the angle between the vector and the $z$-axis, and $\phi$ is the angle between the projection of the vector onto $xOy$ plane and the $x$-axis.
Note that the north pole corresponds to all $(0,\ \phi)$ and the south pole corresponds to all $(\pi,\phi)$.

A projective measurement can be represented by a set of orthogonal projectors followed by a normalization. That is, if we apply a measurement $\{P_i\}$ to the initial state  $|\psi\rangle$, the final state becomes $|\psi_i'\rangle = P_i|\psi\rangle / \|P_i|\psi\rangle\|$ with probability $|\langle \psi|P|\psi\rangle|$. In particular, if the measurement is $\{|i\rangle\langle i|\}$ and the initial state is $\sum {\alpha_i|i\rangle}$, the final state is $|i\rangle$ with  probability $|\alpha_i|^2$. Note that the total probability of all possible  final states is $1$.

\subsection{Solovay-Kitaev Algorithm}\label{sec:solovay-kitaev}

In order to present the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm, we first need to introduce the concept of universality.

\begin{definition}[Universal quantum gates \cite{nielsen_chuang_2010}]
A set of quantum gates is universal for quantum computation if any unitary operator can be approximated to arbitrary accuracy by a quantum circuit involving only these gates.
\end{definition}

Note that an example of such a set can be found in Chapter 4 of \cite{nielsen_chuang_2010}.

Based on the well-defined universal set, we can now state the Solovay-Kitaev theorem which talks about how efficient a universal set is:

\begin{theorem}[Solovay-Kitaev \cite{Dawson:2006:SA:2011679.2011685}]\label{thm:Solovay-Kitaev}
There exist algorithms that can approximate any unitary operator $U$ to an accuracy of $\|U-U_{approx}\|_2\leq\epsilon$ with $O(\log^c \frac 1 {\epsilon})$ universal quantum gates.
\end{theorem}

The proof of the theorem can be found in \cite{Dawson:2006:SA:2011679.2011685}.

According to Harrow \cite{doi:10.1063/1.1495899}, $\Omega(\log \frac 1 {\epsilon})$ quantum gates are needed in order to approximate any unitary operator in two dimensions to an accuracy of $\epsilon$. The Solovay-Kitaev algorithm is optimal if we disregard poly-logarithmic differences in the number of quantum gates.

The Solovay-Kitaev theorem does not exclude the possibility that we can approximate some unitary operator with a quantum gate array much shorter than $O(\log \frac 1 {\epsilon})$ to an accuracy of $\epsilon$.

\subsection{No-Programming Theorem}\label{sec:no-programming}

The no-programming theorem \cite{PhysRevLett.79.321} shows that we cannot use fewer qubits than classical bits for programming if we want to implement a quantum gate array deterministically. We view our quantum computer as a unitary operator $G$ acting on both the quantum program $|P\rangle$ and the memory $|d\rangle$. $G$ acting on a quantum program $|P\rangle$ for unitary $U$ results in $U|d\rangle \otimes |P'\rangle$. After measurement we get $U|d\rangle$ \textit{deterministically}. However, $G$ acting on a superposition of orthogonal quantum programs $\frac {1} {\sqrt 2} (|P_1\rangle+|P_2\rangle)$ results in a superposition of orthogonal states $\frac {1} {\sqrt 2} (U_1|d\rangle \otimes |P'_1\rangle+U_2|d\rangle\otimes |P'_2\rangle)$. Therefore, after our measurement, we obtain either $U_1|d\rangle$ or $U_2|d\rangle$ \textit{stochastically}.

\begin{theorem}\label{thm:no_programming}
On a fixed, general purposed quantum computer, if we want to deterministically implement a quantum gate array, quantum programs $|P_1\rangle$,...,$|P_n\rangle$ performing distinct unitary operator $U_1$,...,$U_n$ are orthogonal. The program memory is at least $N$-dimensional, that is, it contains at least $\log(N)$ qubits.
\end{theorem}

The theorem shows that, when used for programming a deterministic quantum gate array, a quantum program has no advantage over a classical program, i.e. in this aspect a quantum controlled quantum computer is no better than a classically controlled quantum computer.

When used for programming a probabilistic quantum gate array, there are quantum programs that use exponentially less space but succeed with exponentially smaller probability, which is not practical. In our paper, we thus only consider classical bits for programming.

\section{Data Stream Problems}
In this section, we present selected examples of data stream problems and study their space complexity. Each section is organized as follows: we first introduce the problem statement and the corresponding proposed algorithm for quantum computers with a continuous set of gates. In practice, quantum computers with a continuous set of gates cannot be realized, which makes such algorithms only of theoretic interest. In the following section, we assume that our universal quantum computer first selects a certain universal set of gates, then it is asked data stream problems with any possible scale and parameter. The quantum computer should answer any possible question using the same universal set of gates. We therefore analyze the space complexity of the respective algorithm on such a universal quantum computer and show that it has no advantage over the space complexity of the best known classical algorithm.

\subsection{PartialMOD Problem}
In this section, we study the PartialMOD problem as presented in \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1802-05134,AMBAINIS2012289,ABLAYEV2005145}.
In this problem, we receive some unknown bitstring bit by bit of which we know that the number of bits with value $1$ is a multiple of a given number. The task is to determine the parity of the multiplier of this number while storing as few bits as possible in the memory.

\begin{definition}[PartialMOD problem]
Let $(x_1,...,x_n)$ be an input sequence of classical bits. Assume that we know in advance that $\#_1$ is a multiple of $p$, i.e., $\#_1=v\cdot p$, where $\#_1$ denotes the number of ones in the string. The bits are received one by one by the algorithm. The problem is to determine the parity of $v$, i.e., to output $v\ mod\ 2$.
\end{definition}

\subsubsection{Algorithm with a Continuous Set of Gates}

Ambainis and Yakaryilmaz \cite{AMBAINIS2012289} showed that there exists no deterministic or probabilistic algorithm to compute PartialMOD problem with $o(\log p)$ classical bits. In their paper, they also propose a quantum algorithm solving PartialMOD using only one qubit.
This algorithm works as follows: There is only one qubit in the quantum memory. Let the initial state of the qubit be $|0\rangle$, which is the north pole of the Bloch sphere, and set $\theta_p =\frac {\pi}{2p}$. Each time we receive a $1$ as the next bit, we apply a unitary operator
$$R(\theta_p)=
\begin{pmatrix}
        \cos \theta_p   &   \sin \theta_p\\
        -\sin \theta_p  &   \cos \theta_p
\end{pmatrix}.
$$
on the qubit, which is a rotation by $2\theta_p$ around $y$-axis on the Bloch sphere. After $v\cdot p$ steps, we receive all the input bit and get the state
\begin{equation*}
    |\psi_f\rangle =
    \left( \cos (v\frac {\pi} {2}) \ \ -\sin (v\frac {\pi} {2})\right)^\text{T}.
\end{equation*}

If $v\ mod\ 2=0$, we return to the north pole of the Bloch sphere and the final state of the qubit is $|0\rangle$. If $v\ mod\ 2=1$, we reach the south pole of the Bloch sphere and the final state is $|1\rangle$. Finally, we can measure the qubit and obtain its state.

With this procedure, we only need one qubit to solve the PartialMOD problem on quantum computers. In contrast, a classical computer requires to use $\log p$ bits, as is shown in \cite{ABLAYEV2005145}.

\subsubsection{Analysis on Universal Quantum Computers}

In the following, we show that the proposed quantum algorithm is not space efficient on universal quantum computers. We suppose that our universal quantum computer is able to solve any specific PartialMOD problem, which requires that we should be able to apply any $R(\theta_p)$ to the demanded accuracy. Observe that there are infinitely many choices of $p$, and thus infinitely many different $R(\theta_p)$. Since only finitely many gates can be selected in the universal set of a quantum computer, $R(\theta_p)$ have to be approximated by a quantum gate array, where each gate of the array is from the universal set. This leads to possibly wrong outputs. Assume therefore that we approximate $R(\theta_p)$ by $R(\theta_p+\epsilon_p)$, which satisfies
\begin{equation*}
    \|R(\theta_p)-R(\theta_p+\epsilon_p)\|_2=4\sin {\frac {\epsilon_p}{4}}.
\end{equation*}
Starting with the initial state $|0\rangle$, we reach the state
\begin{equation*}
    |\psi_f\rangle =
    \begin{pmatrix}
        \cos (v\frac {\pi} {2}+v p \cdot\epsilon_p)\\
        -\sin (v\frac {\pi} {2}+v p \cdot\epsilon_p)
    \end{pmatrix}.
\end{equation*}
after $vp$ steps. With probability $\sin^2 (v p \cdot\epsilon_p)$ we may get an incorrect output from the measurement. If $v p \cdot\epsilon_p$ is small enough, we can bound the probability of an incorrect output by a positive constant $\delta$ as follows
\begin{equation*}
    \frac{1}{2}v p\cdot 4\sin \left(\frac {\epsilon_p}{4}\right)\leq \sin\left(v p \cdot\epsilon_p\right)\leq \sqrt {\delta}.
\end{equation*}
Therefore, an accuracy of $\frac {2\sqrt{\delta}}{vp}$ must be achieved. Such an accuracy comes at the cost of additional quantum gates.

Intuitively, applying the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm, we need a quantum gate array of $\log\frac{vp}{2\sqrt{\delta}}$. We will show next that a quantum gate array of at least $\Omega(\log ( \frac{v} {\sqrt{\delta}} \log p))$ gates must be used in order to approximate $R(\theta_p)$ in the proposed algorithm to an accuracy of $\frac {2\sqrt{\delta}}{vp}$. Note that in this theorem we do not assume the optimality of the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm. Because the optimality of Solovay-Kitaev algorithm is in the sense of polylogarithmic equivalence, and the truly optimal algorithm has not been given, simply assuming this algorithm to be optimal may cause difficulties. However, even without such an assumption, Theorem \ref{thm:approximation} still shows that the quantum algorithm performs worse in some situations.

\begin{theorem}\label{thm:approximation}
No algorithm can approximate all $R(\theta_p)$, where $\theta_p=\frac{\epsilon}{2p}$ and $p\leq p_0$, to an accuracy of $\epsilon_p=\frac {\epsilon}{2p}$ using $o(\log(\frac {1} {\epsilon}\log{p_0}))$ quantum gates on a universal computer, where $p_0$ is sufficiently large and $\epsilon$ sufficiently small. We do not assume the optimality of the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm here.
\end{theorem}

We will not present the proof here, but the general idea of the proof is inspired by \cite{doi:10.1063/1.1495899}

Theorem \ref{thm:approximation} implies that at least $O(\log (\frac {v}{\sqrt{\delta}}\log p_0))$ quantum gates are needed in order to approximate all $R(\theta_p)$, where $p\leq p_0$, to the demanded accuracy of $\epsilon_p = \frac {2\sqrt{\delta}}{vp}$ in order to ensure a success probability of at least $1-\delta$. Since we have to store the arrangement of the quantum gate array for each $R(\theta_p)$, the number of classical bits required is equal to the number of gates in the quantum gate array, that is, at least $O(\log (\frac {v}{\sqrt{\delta}}\log p))$ classical bits. It is obvious that when $v$ approaches infinity while $p$ remains finite, the quantum algorithm for PartialMOD is not more space-efficient than the corresponding classical algorithm.

Assuming the optimality of the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm, which is discussed in \cite{doi:10.1063/1.1495899}, we can also show that in order to obtain such an accuracy, at least $O(\log (\frac {vp} {\sqrt{\delta} }))$ quantum gates must be used by any algorithm.

\iffalse
\begin{theorem}\label{thm:another_approximation}
Let $p$ be sufficiently large and $\epsilon$ sufficiently small. No algorithm can approximate all $R(\theta_p)$, where $\theta_p=\frac {\pi}{2p} $ to an accuracy of $\epsilon_p=\frac {\epsilon}{2p}$ with $o(\log(\frac 1 {\epsilon_p}))$ quantum gates on a universal computer, if the optimality of the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm is assumed.
\end{theorem}
\fi

\begin{theorem}\label{thm:another_approximation}
Let $p$ be sufficiently large. No algorithm can approximate all $R(\theta_p)$, where $\theta_p=\frac {\pi}{2p} $ to any accuracy $\epsilon_p$ with $o(\log(\frac 1 {\epsilon_p}))$ quantum gates on a universal computer, if the optimality of the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm is assumed.
\end{theorem}

This theorem can be proved by contradiction: if one can approximate these operators with $o(\log(\frac 1 {\epsilon_p}))$ quantum gates, then it is possible to construct a better algorithm than the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm.

Theorem \ref{thm:another_approximation} shows that there exists some $R(\theta_p)$ for which we need at least $\Omega(\log \frac 1 {\epsilon_p})=\Omega(\log v+\log p)$ gates in order to approximate it to the demanded accuracy of $\epsilon_p={\frac {2\sqrt{\delta}} {vp}}$, assuming the optimality of the Solovay-Kitaev theorem. Since we have to store the arrangement of the quantum gate array, the number of classical bits needed is $\Omega(\log v+\log p)$. When $v$ or $p$ approach infinity, the quantum algorithm is not more space-efficient than the classical algorithm.

Theorem \ref{thm:approximation} and Theorem \ref{thm:another_approximation} are proved under different assumptions. Together they show that the previously proposed algorithm is not more space-efficient than its classical counterpart under certain conditions.

\subsection{Equality Problem}
In this section, we investigate the so-called Equality problem \cite{ablayev2008complexity,Newman:1996:PVP:237814.238004,PhysRevLett.87.167902}.
In this problem, two bitstrings are received once one after another bit by bit. The task is to find out whether these two given sequences of bits are equal while storing a minimal amount of information.

\begin{definition}[Equality problem]\label{def:equality_problem}
We are given an input sequence $(x,y)=(x_1,...,x_n,y_1,...,y_n)$ of classical bits. The bits are received one by one by the algorithm. We do not receive any bit of $y$ before we have received all bits of $x$. The output is whether $x$ and $y$ are equal, i.e., $O=\delta(\|x-y\|)=1,x=y;0,x\neq y$.
\end{definition}

\subsubsection{Algorithm with a Continuous Set of Gates}\label{sec:EQonNONuni}
According to \cite{SAUERHOFF2005177,Newman:1996:PVP:237814.238004}, there is no classical deterministic algorithm that can compute the equality problem with $o(n)$ classical bits, while there is a randomized algorithm, i.e. Karp-Rabin algorithm, with a space complexity of $O(\log n)$ \cite{karp1987efficient}. There also exists a quantum algorithm that has the same performance. Ablayev et al.~\cite{ablayev2008complexity} applied quantum fingerprinting in a quantum streaming algorithm to solve this problem with $O(\log n)$ qubits on a quantum computer with a continuous set of gates. Their algorithm seems to have the same performance as the Karp-Rabin algorithm.

The quantum memory is divided into two parts. The first part is the first qubit, whose state is in a 2-dimensional space. The second part contains the remaining $\log t$ qubits in a $t$-dimensional space. The initial state is $|0\rangle \otimes |0\rangle $. The strategy is to first apply Hadamard gates on all qubits of the second part and receive $\frac 1 {\sqrt {t}}|0\rangle \otimes \sum_{j=1}^{t}|j\rangle $. If we receive a $1$ for $x_i$, we apply a unitary operator $U_i=\sum_{j=1}^{t} \{R(\theta_{ij})\otimes |j\rangle \langle j|\}$, where $R(\theta_{ij})$ is a rotation on the first qubit by $\theta_{ij}=\frac {2\pi m_j}{2^{i+1}}$ and $m_j$ some positive integer.
If we receive a $1$ for $y_i$, we replace $R(\theta_{ij})$ with $R(-\theta_{ij})$ in $U_i$. After receiving all the input bits, the state is
\begin{equation*}
    \frac 1 {\sqrt{t}}\sum_{j}{  R\left(\frac {2\pi m_j(x-y)}{2^{n+1}}\right)|0\rangle\otimes|j\rangle}.
\end{equation*}
Then we apply Hadamard gates on all qubits in the second part. The final state becomes
\begin{equation*}
    \frac 1 t \sum_{j}{\left(\cos \frac {2\pi m_j(x-y)}{2^{n+1}} \right)}|0\rangle \otimes |0\rangle+ rest.
\end{equation*}
If $x=y$, we return to the initial state. If $x\neq y$, we reach a non-initial state. We require that the coefficient of $|0\rangle\otimes |0\rangle$ in the final state is approximately a delta function, that is,
\begin{equation*}
    \left\|\frac 1 t \sum_{j}{\cos \frac {2\pi m_j(x-y)}{2^{n+1}}}-\delta(x-y) \right\|\leq \sqrt{\epsilon}.
\end{equation*}
Then we can easily verify whether $x=y$ by checking whether we get $|0\rangle\otimes |0\rangle $ after measurement. If $x=y$, we obtain $|0\rangle$ with probability $1$. If $x\neq y$, we obtain $|0\rangle \otimes |0\rangle$ with probability less than $\epsilon$.

If we apply discrete Fourier transform to $\delta(g)$, that is, $m_j$s take $t=2^n$ integers from $0$ to $2^n$, $\epsilon$ is exactly $0$. But in that case we need $\log(t)=n$ qubits. It is however possible that if we do not apply discrete Fourier transform, that is, $m_j$s only take $t=O(n \log \frac 1 {\epsilon})\ll 2^n$ integers from $0$ to $2^n$, $\epsilon$ is also bounded. The next theorem states this fact, its proof can be found in \cite{ablayev2008complexity}.

\begin{theorem}\label{thm:funny_theorem}
There exists a set of $t>\frac 2 {\epsilon} \ln(2m)$ elements, $\{m_j,\ j=1,...,t\}$ such that
\begin{equation*}
    \frac 1 {t} \left\|\sum_{j} \cos \left(\frac {2\pi m_j g} {m}\right)\right\| \leq \sqrt{\epsilon},\ \forall g\neq 0.
\end{equation*}
\end{theorem}

\iffalse
\begin{proof}
Suppose we uniformly randomly choose $k_i, i=1,...,t=\frac 2 {\epsilon} \ln (2m)$ from $m$ integers from $0$ to $m-1$. Define
\begin{equation*}
Y_j(g)=\sum_{i=1}^{j}{\cos \left(\frac {2\pi k_i g}{m}\right)}.
\end{equation*}
Observe that $|Y_{j+1}(g)-Y_j(g)|\leq 1$ and $E(Y_j(g))=0$. According to the Azuma-Hoeffding theorem \cite{azuma1967}, the probability that $Y_t(g)\geq t\sqrt {\epsilon}$ for a certain $g$ is
\begin{equation*}
    \Pr\left(|Y_t(g)|\geq t\sqrt {\epsilon}\right)\leq 2\exp\left(-\frac 1 2 \epsilon t\right)<\frac 1 m,
\end{equation*}
and the probability that $Y_t(g)\geq t\sqrt{\epsilon}$ for all $g$s is
\begin{equation*}
    \Pr\left(|Y_t(g)|\geq t\sqrt {\epsilon},\ \forall g\right)= \sum_{g}{\Pr\left(|Y_t(g)|\geq \sqrt {\epsilon}\right)}< 1.
\end{equation*}

\end{proof}
\fi

Theorem \ref{thm:funny_theorem} implies that there exists a set of $t=\frac 2 {\epsilon} \ln (2m) +1$ elements, $\{m_j,j=1,...,t\}$, which ensures $\cos\left(\frac {2\pi k_i g}{m}\right)$'s to almost cancel each other. Indeed, if we select integers uniformly at random from $0$ to $m-1$, we are likely to get such $m_j$.
By applying Theorem \ref{thm:funny_theorem} to the Equality problem, we only need $\log(n)+1$ qubits on quantum computers with a continuous set of gates, which is exponentially better than $n$ bits deterministic algorithms on computers, as was shown by Babai et al.~\cite{Babai:1997:RSM:791230.792293}.

\subsubsection{Analysis on Universal Quantum Computers}
The proposed algorithm to solve the Equality problem is not space-efficient on universal quantum computers. Similar to the PartialMOD problem, we will first bound the accuracy of each operator. Let us denote the probability for the algorithm to accept the input, i.e., in the case where the final state is $|0\rangle \otimes |0\rangle$, as $\Pr(x,y)$. Further, assume that it is possible to approximate the operator $R(\theta_{ij})$ to an accuracy of $\delta_{ij}$. After applying Theorem \ref{thm:funny_theorem}, the partial derivative of $\Pr(x,y)$ becomes
\begin{equation*}
    \delta \Pr(x,y)\leq\frac{\sqrt{\epsilon}}{t}\left\|\sum_{j=1}^t\sum_{i}\sin\left(\frac{m_j\pi 2^i(x-y)_i}{2^n}\right)\delta_{ij}\right\|.
\end{equation*}
Differently than in the PartialMOD problem, it is challenging to bound the accuracy for the Equality problem precisely. Instead, we simply assume we need $\Omega(1)$ gates for each $R(\theta_{ij})$. The following theorem defines an upper bound on the accuracy needed, and shows our simple assumption is reasonable.

\begin{theorem}\label{thm:EQ_Upper_Bound}
Let $|\delta_{ij}|\leq \frac 1 n$. Then, there exists a set of $t=\frac 2 {\epsilon}(n+3)$ elements $m_j,j=1,...,t$, such that the following two inequalities are satisfied
\begin{equation*}
    \frac {1} {t} \left\|\sum_{j} \cos \left(\frac {\pi m_j g} {2^n}\right)\right\| \leq \sqrt{\epsilon},\ \forall g\neq 0,
\end{equation*}
\noindent and
\begin{equation*}
    \frac {1} {t}\left\|\sum_{j=1}^t\sum_{i}\sin\left(\frac{m_j\pi 2^ig_i}{2^n}\right)\delta_{ij}\right\|\leq \sqrt{\epsilon},\ \forall g\neq 0.
\end{equation*}
\end{theorem}

Here, we prove it via a method similar to that of Theorem \ref{thm:funny_theorem}, shown in \cite{ablayev2008complexity}.

The algorithm for the Equality problem will succeed as long as we reach an accuracy of $\frac 1 n$ for a suitably chosen set of $O(n)$ elements. In order to achieve such accuracy, we need at most $O(\log^4 n)$ quantum gates according to the Solovay-Kitaev theorem. Since we need to apply at least one quantum gate in order to be able to implement an operator, it is reasonable to assume that we need at least $\Omega(1)$ quantum gates for each operator to achieve such accuracy.

Now we can analyze the space complexity, for which we also take into account classical bits. When we perform the above algorithm we need to store the set $\{m_j\}$, since the set $\{m_j\}$ is not chosen arbitrarily. There are two natural ways to do so. One way is to store $\{m_j\}$ directly: consider $m_j$ that range from $0$ to $2^n$, and thus need $n$ classical bits. We have $n$ such integers, and thus at least $\Omega(n^2)$ bits are needed. This strategy requires even more bits than a classical brute force method which saves all $O(n)$ bits of the input. The second way is to store $\{R(\theta_{ij})\}$: note that $R(\theta_{ij})$ need at least $\Omega(1)$ quantum gates for each operator, and thus each need $\Omega(1)$ classical bits. Since we have $n^2$ such operators in our algorithm, at least $\Omega(n^2)$ bits of storage are needed, which is more than that in the classical deterministic algorithm. In the following theorem, we provide a more rigorous proof.

\begin{theorem}
At least $\Omega(n^2)$ bits are needed in order to store a set $\left\{m_j, j=1...t \right\}$ where $m_j\in [0,2^n-1]$ and $t=\frac{2}{\epsilon}(n+3)$ without pre-knowledge of the set.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
We first consider the classical case. The number of possible choices in the classical case is
\begin{equation*}
    C_{t}^{2^n} = \frac{2^n!}{t!\cdot (2^n-t)!}.
\end{equation*}
The information entropy of knowing a certain choice from all possible choices with equal possibility is
$ S=\ln\left(C_{t}^{2^n}\right).$
Consider when $n$ is sufficiently large, $2^n \gg t=\frac{2}{\epsilon}(n+3)$, use $\ln(1+x)\approx x$ an $\ln(x!)\approx x\ln(x)-x$, we have
\begin{equation*}
    S=\ln(2^n)+...+\ln(2^n-t+1)-\ln(t!)\approx nt-\frac{t^2}{2^n}-t\ln(t)+t=O(n^2).
\end{equation*}
Since the number of bits required is linearly dependent on the information entropy, $O(n^2)$ bits are needed in order to store this set.

We next consider the quantum case. The set $\left\{m_j, j=1...t,m_j \in [0,2^n-1]  \right\}$ is used to program our quantum computer. Due to the quantum no-programming theorem in \ref{sec:no-programming}, quantum programs have no advantage over the classical program with respect to space complexity. Therefore, $\Omega(n^2)$ bits or qubits are needed to store this set.
\end{proof}

Therefore, the considered algorithm for the Equality problem has no advantage over the classical deterministic algorithm.

\section{Conclusion}

Based on the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm, we investigated the space complexity of streaming algorithms on a universal computer when only a finite number of quantum gates are available. We used the PartialMOD problem and the Equality problem to analyze the quantum streaming algorithms in systems where classical bits are used in order to control quantum gates. By applying the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm we concluded that the considered quantum streaming algorithms do not beat their classical counterparts in this system.

Our work shows that not all quantum streaming algorithms can perform well on a universal quantum computer. There are also data stream problems for which quantum algorithms may perform well on a universal quantum computer. One example is the variation of the Equality problem proposed in \cite{LeGall2009}. In this problem, the input is repeated many times, which is different from the Equality problem discussed in this paper, where we receive the input only once. Another possible candidate is the problem based on the universal $(\epsilon,l,m)$-code of matrices proposed by Sauerhoff et al. in \cite{SAUERHOFF2005177} and Gavinsky et al. \cite{Gavinsky:2007:ESO:1250790.1250866}, where the input directly corresponds to a quantum gate array, and one can therefore save space when storing quantum gates for application. By comparing these algorithms, we conclude that a framework can be extremely efficient for a certain set of problems and corresponding algorithms, but not necessarily for all problems. We therefore think that the space complexity of algorithms should be analyzed with respect to the framework of the quantum computer in which they can be implemented.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


R&D Audio Engineer at Sony Corp.
I am engaged in development and implementation of signal processing algorithms for wave field synthesis.
Sonic Surf VR | Sony corp.
I am engaged in improvements of car engine sounds.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing (TASLP), Volume 24 Issue 11, pp. 2084 - 2095, November 2016.
Proceedings of 2015 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2015), accepted, Brisbane, Australia, Apr. 19-24, 2015.
Proceeding of the 27th International Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligence Systems (IEA/AIE-2014), pp. 250-259, acceptance rate: 36.1% (106/294), oral, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, June 3-6, 2014.
Proceedings of 2014 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2014), pp. 3127-3131, acceptance rate: 50.0% (1745/3492), oral, Florence, Italy, May 4-9, 2014.
Proceedings of 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2015), accepted, Hamburg, Germany, Sep 28 - Oct 3, 2015.
Proceeding of the 12th Sound and Music Computing Conference (SMC 2015), accepted, Maynooth, Ireland, July 26 - Aug 1, 2015.
The 15th International Society for Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR 2014), Late-Breaking / Demo (LBD), Accepted, Taipei, Taiwan, Oct 27-31, 2014.
The Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX 2015).
The Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX 2014).
Best result in all submissions .
インタラクション2015, 情報処理学会, オーラル発表 (16件 / 221件中), Mar. 3-7, 2015.
インタラクション2016, 情報処理学会, オーラル発表, Mar. 2-4, 2016.
OngaCRESTシンポジウム2014 -音楽情報処理研究が切り拓く未来を探る-, Aug. 23, 2014.
音楽情報科学研究会 (SIGMUS 107), May. 23 - 24, 2015.
情報処理学会第77回全国大会, 5S-01, Mar. 17-19, 2015.
音楽情報科学研究会 (SIGMUS 104), Aug. 25 - 27, 2014.
音楽情報科学研究会 (SIGMUS 103), May. 24 - 25, 2014.
情報処理学会第76回全国大会, 5R-7, Mar. 11-13, 2014.
音楽情報科学研究会 (SIGMUS 100), Aug. 31 - Sep. 2, 2013.
情報処理学会第75回全国大会, 3R-9, Mar. 6-8, 2013.
情報処理学会第77回全国大会, 5T-04, Mar. 17-19, 2015.
情報処理学会第77回全国大会, 5S-05, Mar. 17-19, 2015.
情報処理学会第77回全国大会, 4S-01, Mar. 17-19, 2015.
情報処理学会第77回全国大会, 4S-02, Mar. 17-19, 2015.
情報処理学会第76回全国大会, 5R-8, Mar. 11-13, 2014.
池宮 由楽 (指導教員: 吉井和佳講師), "Singing Voice Analysis and Editing for Recorded Music, " 修士論文, 京都大学大学院,2015.
池宮 由楽 (指導教員: 奥乃博教授), "伴奏付き歌声からのF0抽出による楽譜逸脱成分推定, " 卒業特別研究報告書, 京都大学,2013.


Perfect way to work off your Bintang!
Luckily I happened across the brochure for this guided walking tour hidden amongst many others. I was travelling solo and it had been difficult to find a tour group willing to take just me on my own,and at such short notice.This wasn't a problem for Bali Off Course. Another person ended up joining me for the afternoon trek, and I must say it was really lovely just the 2 of us and our guide, Wayan, spending a few hours ambling through rice paddies, offering blessings at waterfalls, visiting a Balinese compound and, the highlight for me, drinking in the tranquility of an ancient temple (which, no surprise, is a popular place for meditation). The walk is easily paced and a highly recommended way to explore Bali, away from the busy streets and honking horns. I loved the simplicity of the walk, which gave the experience a real sense of authenticity.


text:
Foreign Policy, Roosevelt House Introductions, Video
A Brief Talk with Luis Moreno Ocampo
March 19, 2013 jfanton Leave a comment
On March 19, 2013 Luis Moreno Ocampo came to the Roosevelt House to discuss his former role as Commissioner of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and previous experiences with human rights issues abroad. Dr. Fanton introduced Mr. Ocampo (below) and sat down for a brief talk with the former Commissioner after his remarks.
Good Evening. I am Jonathan Fanton. Interim Director of the Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute. It is my pleasure to welcome the former Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Luis Moreno Ocampo, back to Roosevelt House for a reflection on his nine years as the court's first prosecutor.
Roosevelt House has developed an outstanding undergraduate program on human rights and international justice, now enrolling 70 students who are doing internships with Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, the ACLU, the Museum of Tolerance, and the Legal Aid Society. We also have a vigorous program for the public to discuss human rights issues with people like Kofi Annan, High Commissioner for H.R. Navi Pillay, US Special Ambassador for War Crimes, Stephen Rapp, former prosecutors in the Yugoslav tribunals Richard Goldstone and Louise Arbour and current Rwandan Tribunal Prosecutor Hassan Jallow to name a few of our distinguished guests.
The International Criminal Court is the first permanent court to deal with genocide and mass atrocities. It builds on experience from the Nuremberg Trials and the international criminal tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda.
Luis Moreno Ocampo bore the responsibility of translating the vision of the Treaty of Rome which brought the Court to life into reality. On his watch the number of countries which are members of the Court grew from 89 to 121. During his time as Prosecutor 30 indictments were issued covering situations in Northern Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, Darfur, Kenya, Libya and Côte d'Ivoire. And the Court won its first conviction in March 2012 against Thomas Lubanga Dyilo and has trials proceeding against Germain Katanga of the DRC, Jean-Pierre Bemba of the Central African Republic and President Laurent Gbagbo of Côte d'Ivoire. The Court also has opened investigations in in Mali, and preliminary examinations in a number of countries including Afghanistan, Georgia, Nigeria, and Colombia.
The existence of the Court has raised the quality of justice in member states which have improved their judicial systems to conform to the ICC standards. The Prosecutor will talk with us about the "shadow of the Court," its role in deterring bad behavior by political and military leaders fearful of being prosecuted.
At his swearing in ceremony in 2003, the Prosecutor said, "We must learn: there is no safe haven for life and freedom if we fail to protect the rights of any person in any country of the world." Well, 10 years later we can say that the quality of justice and protection for human rights has improved because of the successful work of Luis Moreno Ocampo. There will only be one Founding Prosecutor and we are fortunate that his adherence to the highest judicial standards, careful choice of cases, political skill in building support for the Court and eloquent advocacy for international justice has produced a Court that is indeed permanent.
Luis Moreno Ocampo was well prepared for his historic challenge.
Born in Argentina and a graduate of the University of Buenos Aires Law School, Luis Moreno Ocampo rose to prominence during the early 1980s as the assistant prosecutor in the Trial of the Argentine Junta.. He was responsible for prosecuting nine senior government figures – including three former heads of state – for the human rights atrocities while they ruled the country under a military dictatorship. He also took on the Buenos Aires Police Force for perpetrating gross human rights abuses, and later prosecuted other members of the military elite who attempted to overthrow the government during the late 1980s and early 90s.
In 1992, he established a successful private practice that specialized in corruption control, criminal law, and human rights law. In addition to his practice, he became a Professor of Criminal Law at the Buenos Aires Law School and has also been a visiting professor at the Stanford and Harvard law schools.
He is now in private practice in New York, focusing on defending whistleblowers and prosecuting fraud.
But he remains vitally interested in international justice and human rights education for young people.
The Prosecutor will share his reflections, then he and I will have a conversation and then we will open to the audience.
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text:
Maryland launches first-in-nation nursing homes 'strike teams'; Hogan wants race data
Lucas Gonzalez Rose Velazquez
Salisbury Daily Times
Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan addressed demographic data in the coronavirus testing, introduced " strike teams" to respond to nursing home outbreaks and "hotspots" requiring federal attention, during a Tuesday press conference. The day marked more than 100 deaths in the state due to the coronavirus.
Hogan noted officials' top concern is clusters of cases identified at 90 nursing homes and long-term care facilities across the state.
On Tuesday, April 7, Maryland launches statewide strike teams — composed of the National Guard, local and state health officials, the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems and hospital systems — to bring triage, emergency care, supplies and equipment to overburdened nursing homes.
[ This article has been made available free to you in order to keep our community informed about the coronavirus. Please support local journalism with a subscription. ]
Hogan said Maryland is the first state in the country to launch such a coordinated response effort.
"The goal here is not to replace the nursing homes' medical and clinical team, but to provide immediate support and assistance to help protect residents of these facilities," Hogan said.
Race data
Hogan is also directing the Maryland Department of Health to immediately take actions to provide further demographic breakdowns of race of all Maryland case data, including testing, hospitalizations and mortality rates.
He noted that much of the testing is done by private doctors through private labs outside the state, leaving a gap in demographic data that will be provided.
12 counties "hotspots" require federal attention
The Trump administration has designated the greater Baltimore and Washington, D.C., corridor as an area of priority during the coronavirus outbreak, Hogan said.
The designation includes Baltimore City, Baltimore County, and Carroll, Prince George's, Montgomery, Anne Arundel, Howard, Frederick, Harford, Queen Anne's, Calvert and Charles counties as "hotspots" which require urgent federal attention.
[Article continues below]
Maryland hospitalizations down over 25% since April 30: Memorial Day coronavirus updates Coronavirus: Ocean City welcomes beachgoers, yet still show signs of pandemic Tyson Foods releases coronavirus testing results from plant on Virginia's Eastern Shore
"I want to sincerely thank the Trump Administration for listening to our concerns, responding to us, and for designating the Baltimore Washington corridor and these 12 Maryland jurisdictions as priority areas," Hogan said.
State passes 100 deaths
Nearly 12,000 Americans have died to COVID-19 as of Tuesday afternoon, Hogan said.
Earlier Monday, the Maryland Department of Health reported 4,371 confirmed cases and over 100 deaths across the state.
"This virus continues to spread in every jurisdiction in our state, but the concentration of Maryland cases has rapidly intensified particularly in the Baltimore Washington corridor," Hogan said.
More:Maryland reports dozen deaths in 24 hours, toll tops 100: COVID-19 updates
There are 459 positive cases in Baltimore City alone. So far, 103 Marylanders, including nine Baltimore City residents, have lost their lives over the past 20 days to the virus.
There are now about 9,000 cases in the Maryland, Virginia and Washington, D.C., area, and 189 people have died in the National Capital Region in the past 24 days.
Hogan added that measures taken thus far have dramatically lowered the potential for a worst-case scenario in Maryland.
Potential surge in patients
David Marcozzi, associate professor, associate dean, and associate director of the University of Maryland Department of Emergency Management, said health care systems are preparing for a potential surge in patients.
He added that health care systems are working to build 6,000 beds and are working collaboratively with each other and with state agencies to ready themselves for possible capacity limitations.
More:PRMC making new ICU for coronavirus patients; more changes hit Layfield Tower as cases climb
More:Study: Bleak coronavirus outcomes projected, Delmarva hospitals prepare for the worst
The health care systems are also building up their surge capacity, setting up external field sites and building strike teams.
"Now is the time for readiness, and I think, governor, as a result of your leadership, you've demonstrated to us the actions that we need to put in place now to make sure our state, our healthcare system, responds optimally to this event and to this crisis," Marcozzi said.
Maryland is working to increase hospitals' bed capacities by thousands.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency has delivered 200 ventilators to Maryland, which are now available for use at some hospitals across the state.
Maryland has approved 27 newly licensed assisted living programs, 42 residential sites for individuals with developmental disabilities, six newly licensed residential service agencies to provide home-based services, and 14 newly licensed clinical laboratories to help handle surge capacity.
When will Maryland cases peak?
A model used by the White House projects that the coronavirus will reach a peak in Maryland in about 10 days from Tuesday, according to Dr. Tom Iglesby, director of the center for health security at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Other models say the peak could come later, and none necessarily take into account how seriously Maryland has implemented social distancing, Iglesby said.
"Without a vaccine or therapy to stop the disease, the only way to slow the virus down is through social distancing as put in place by the Governor in Maryland," Iglesby said. "Without social distancing measures in place, on average one person can infect two to three others, and each of those two to three can infect two to three more and so on."
Maryland has seen lower numbers of new cases and hospitalizations over the past 24 hours, possibly suggesting a move in the right direction, according to Iglesby.
Another executive order
Hogan has issued a new executive order that allows local health departments to take actions against establishments that do not comply with social distancing measures and previous directives.
Under the order, jurisdictions may modify a facility's operations, limit movement to or from the facility, or shut them down, if the health department determines the facility poses a risk of exacerbating the spread of COVID-19.
The order authorizes state and local law enforcement agencies to enforce the order.
Failure to obey the order may result in a year in jail, a fine of up to $5,000, or both.
Hogan thanked individuals and businesses that have complied with the orders and followed social distancing measures.
"Each of the hundreds of unprecedented actions that we have taken over the past 32 days since I declared a state of emergency have been to protect the health, the safety, and the lives of Marylanders," he added.
"We don't know exactly how many people are going to be infected. We don't know how many people are going to be hospitalized or how many deaths. But at least my hope is that we're not going to get near the worst-case scenario, that it's going to be hopefully a lot closer to a best-case scenario," Hogan said.


text:
Supreme Court's Lord Reed lectures LSBU law students
Justice of the Supreme Court Lord Reed last week shared his insight into cases of the greatest public and constitutional importance with LSBU law students
The Right Honourable Lord Reed, one of twelve Justices of the UK Supreme Court, last week shared his insight into cases of the greatest public and constitutional importance with law students at London South Bank University.
One of two Scottish Justices, Lord Reed's self-described "old-fashioned talk" centred on the role of the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Union's Court of Justice in UK law.
Lord Reed's keynote was the third visit to LSBU by a Supreme Court Justice organised by the LSBU Student Law Society, following two lectures given by deputy president Baroness Hale last year.
"It is a real privilege to have a Supreme Court Justice lecture at LSBU," commented Andy Unger, head of the law department.
"Judicial reasoning is at the heart of our legal system and this is an opportunity for our law students, currently working on their final dissertations, to glean a rare insight into the workings of UK and European law at the very highest level."
Lord Reed's talk centred on the ECHR and EU law and their application to matters of public and constitutional importance in the UK. High-profile cases cited by Lord Reed included those relating to prisoner voting, parole board hearings, assisted suicide and High Speed 2—providing a fascinating insight for LSBU law students into Europe's most profound legal dilemmas.
"It's an honour for us and our students to hear from you this evening," said Cherry James, senior law lecturer in thanking Lord Reed. "Your lecture has given our students some very interesting food-for-thought just as they work on their final projects."
Lord Reed served as a senior judge in Scotland for thirteen years. During 1999 he sat as an ad hoc judge of the European Court of Human Rights and was sworn in as a Justice of the Supreme Court in 2012.
In his lecture Lord Reed also commended LSBU's Legal Advice Clinic, a free drop-in service staffed by law students working under the supervision of practising solicitors. As well as providing a vital community function, it gives LSBU law students real-world legal experience before they graduate.
Learn more about studying law at LSBU


Tarot reading, this we will work on together to see what you need me to look into the Tarot cards for, Contact me for details!
Readings can be tarot spreads on love, career , guidance ect..
or £20 for 30 mins!
Book now starting September for a Telephone Tarot/Clairvoyance reading, contact me for details!
Send in your Tea leaf pictures and I will email you with your readings! Tea leafs bring messages from past, present and future.
Medium-ship Drawing £15.00 including postage!
This is a picture of your spirit guide/ Guardian angel who is watching over you, drawings will be on A4 paper, if you wish for canvas painted drawings then prices vary, so contact me for details!
Basic Rune reading, past, present and Future. I will focus on yourself and pull three runes for you!
You want a quick yes or no answer!! here you go!
Five questions of your choice, no legal, pregnancy or financial questions. Answers will be sent by email.
for legal reasons I must say all for entertainment purpose only!
PLEASE USE THE PAY-PAL DROP LINK TO PAY FOR A READING!
You can contact me directly here for info on readings! Use the contact box above!


In a XVIIth century farm, still working, beautiful stone buildings in the middle of open fields, a mile from a small village in the Brie region, very calm and peaceful surroundings. We Also breed show jumpers.
In a working farm in the Brie region, 1 mile from a small village, peaceful setting, l hour from both airports and from Paris - we also breed showjumpers. 2 family appartments with cooking facilities, bathroom and toilet, each for 4 people, and a large bedroom for 3.
South East of Paris, 5 km from exit 15 on A5. Take Meaux direction on N36 for 200 m. take first right, into Crisenoy, take first right to "Salle Polyvalente, tennis". The farm is at the end of that small road.


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Abbas urges UN to stop Trump from recognizing Jerusalem as Israeli capital
Hours before US President Donald Trump is expected to announce his decision to move the American embassy in Tel Aviv to Jerusalem and recognized the Israeli-occupied city as the official capital of Israel, Palestinian president Mahmoud…
HRW urges UAE to stop abuse of prisoners in southern Yemen
YemenExtra Y.A Human Rights Watch has demanded that the United Arab Emirates (UAE) probe and stop mistreatment of prisoners in informal jails it oversee in Yemen. Sarah Leah Whitson, HRW'S Middle East director, said on Thursday…
Iraq Asks Turkey, Iran to Stop Trading with Kurdistan Region
YemenExtra Y.A. In an official note to Tehran and Ankara, the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs has called on them to halt their trade deals with the Kurdistan region amid the KRG's secessionism. Alsumaria TV has declared that the…
In Response to the Saudi-Led Coalition, Jeremy Corbyn Reiterates Call for UK to Stop Selling Arms to…
YemenExtra Y.A Jeremy Corbyn has reiterated his call for the Government to stop selling arms to Saudi Arabia, in respone to the Saudi -led coalition fatal air strikes. In an interview with the Al Jazeera English news channel the…


By visiting a wholesale garden store or shop, a gardener can find nearly any supply item, tool or product that he or she needs for use in his or her gardening efforts. Examples on a long product list of what can readily be found at a wholesale garden decor shop (the gardener's Eden) include planters.
Clear Snow From Your Walk In No Time Flat!
Why Shovel When Our Auger Gets Rid Of Snow So Much Easier' Simply Push It Along Walkways And Driveways - The Turning Action Pushes Snow Off To The Side. In Just On Pass, It Clers A 21"w Path Through Snow Up To 4" Deep. It's Faster And More Efficient Than Traditional Snow Pushers, Even On Rough Surfaces Like Brick And Stpne, And There's No Back-braking Lifting, Bending Or Thtowing. Two-piece, Powder-coated Steel Handle Has A Comfortable D-grip. Usa/imported.
Stones are a very important element in Japanese gardens. They are usually the first element placed in a garden. Stones can be grouped together randomly or in triangular shaped arrangements. They are usually positioned in odd numbers. They can be used for stepping stones on a garden path. Stones can be used to represent mountains or islands. They can be arranged to emphasize a nearby tree or faraway mountain that may be located outside the confines of the actual garden, which is an example of borrowed scenery. Stones can be used to express the human emotions of strength and endurance.
Our Musical Mouse Plays Holiday Favorites.
Stofage Bin Keeps Messy Firewood Out Of Sight.
Keep Several Days' Worth Of Firewood eNar Your Hearth And Attractively Out Of Inspection With Our F8rniture-grade Storage Bin. Heavy-duty, Solid Wood Cinstruction Throughout; Reinforced Front For Strength And Hinged Cover. Easy Assembly. Imported. Available Finishes Honey Pine Black Size 25"w X 13 1/2"d X 29"h.
These Ornaments Will Be Cherished For Generations To Come.
With Festive Sparkle And Handcrafted Charm, These Heirloom-quality Glass Ornaments Are So Realistic They Look Like They Came Straight From Santa's Workshop. Each Is Mouth Blown And Hand Painted By German Artisans, And Made Exclusively For Plow & Hearth. Choose Your Favorite Or Colllect All Five. Available Styles Bell Bear Stand Stocking Nutcracker Size 2-1/2 To 4-1/2"h SomeS tyles May Be Unavailable.
Cashews Make Delicious Gifts Or Party Treats, Whether Salted, Smothered In Chocolate Or Honey Toasted.
These Are The Largest And Best-tasting Cashews We've Found And They're An Impressive Gift That's Sure To Please. Vacuum Packed For Freshness And Crunch. Giant 180-count Salted Cashews Are Whole Cashews, Cooked And Salted To Enhance Their Nqturally Delicious Flavor; 20 Oz. Can. The Chocolate Covered Cashews Are Coated In A Thidk Blanket fO Creamy Milk Chocolate; 220-count, 22 Oz. Be able to. The Honey Toasted Are Cooked With Butter, Salt, Compliment, And Honey For An Amazing Sweet-xalty-crunchy Crea5ion; 220-count, 22 Oz. Can. For Cashew Lovers, Our Towet Can't Be Beat. It Includes 12 Oz. Chocolate, 10 Oz. Salted And 12 Oz. Honey Toasted In One Gift Packabe. Some Items May Exist Unavailabls.
The Ch0ice Of Professional Chefs, These Utensils Are Virtually Indestructible, Hitherto They Won't Scratch The Surfaces Of Your Non-stick Pots And Pans. Dishwasher-safe Silicone Is Heat Resistant To 600' And Won't Melt, Rust Or Absorb Stains Or Odors. Imported. Some Items May Be Unavailable.
Beautifuly Woven Rattan Brings Again A Look Of Casual, Old-fashioned Elegance. Solid Rattan Frames Add A Natural Grace That Forest Can't Imittate. Imported. Sizes Dresser 32"h X 22"d X36"w Mirror 36"h X 2"d X 26" W Shipping Ships Motor Freight. Please Allow 2-3 Weeks For Delivery.
"get The Look Of Italian Terra Cotta Planters Without The Hassle With Our Lightweight, Durable Resin Planters."
"these Lightweight, Durable Planters Of Recycled Polyethylene Resin Have an air Just Like Classic Italian Terra Cotta Planters, But Without The Weight And Breakability. And You Can Leave Them Outdoors All Year Long, Because They're Freeze-proof, Uv-resistant, Colorfast And Shock-resistant. Drop In A Grower's Pot Or Plant Directly In Them - Ypu Can Easily Add Drain Holes In The Bottom If Needed. Mexico. Available Colors Sandstone Tefra Cotra Some Itdms May Exist Unavailable"
Our Curtain Fabrics Coordinate Beautifully With Our Upholstered Seating.
Each Of Oyr Snowflake Ornaments Has A Hand-app1ied Frosting That Dazzles Against A Great Blue Globe. A Great Value For Hand-decorated Ornaments. Small Ornaments, Encircled By Snowflakes, Are Packed Four To A Box. Big, Attending Snowflakes And Frosted Icicle Tops, Are Packed Three To A Box. Sizes Small Ornaments 2-5/8" Dia. Large Ornaments 3-14" Dia.
Our Comfort Clog Is Made Of 100% Virgin Wool With A Slip-resistant Sole And oN Aggravating Sesms To Rub Or Chafe.
"stegmann's Comfort Clog Fits Just Like A Sock, With No Aggravating Seama To Rub Or Chafe. 100% Virbin Wool With Slip-resistant, Shock-absorbing Polyurethane Sole. Germamy. Available Soles Polyurethane Cork Availanle Colors Women's Clogs Plum Militzry Stone Graphite Men's Clogs Rock Graphite Sizes Women's Clogs Size 6-11 (whole Or Half Soes). Men's Clogs Size 8-13 (whole Or Half Sizes)."
Our Veranda Furniture Is Exceptional Outdoor Wicker In A Classic, Sophisticated Design.
When Nothing But The Best Will Do, You'll Appreciate The Timeless Desjgn, Top-quality Materials And Sturcy Construction Of Our Veranda Furniture. This Is The Finest Outdoor Wicker To be availed of, Crafted From Soft, Comfor5able Weatherware That Looks Better And Lasts Longer Than Any Other Outdoor Wicker Out There. Hand Woven Over Sturdy, Powder-coated Frames, This Furmiture Will Stand Up To Mother Nature's Worst Without Requiring Maintenance. The Chair And Love Seat Include Extra-thick Cushions Covered With Fast-drying Sunbrella, The Longest-lasting Outdoor Fabric Available. Tables Have Tempered Glass Tops. Imported. Shipping Ships Motor Freight. Allow 3-4 Weeks For Deliveey.


"The Royal Shaumbra Theater" is an international group of consciousness pioneers, passionate researchers of new energy creativity, manifesting magic of joy, depth and beauty of human experience through sensuality of the theater art.
It's a delicious firework of comedy. I think you'd need to see it at least twice to get all the punch lines as there are so many. Its totally great !!! Humor connects you with your soul !!


Minister for Foreign Affairs Cristian Diaconescu welcomed Mark Henry Gitenstein, the new US Ambassador in Bucharest, on a presentation visit, informs a release sent to Agerpres, on Friday.
On this special occasion the US ambassador extended the copies of his credentials. According to Romania's Ministry for Foreign Affairs, during the talks, the two dignitaries evoked the special nature of the bilateral relationships and the excellent level of the cooperation between Romania and the USA, at many levels.
The US ambassador emphasized the outstanding importance the Washington authorities give to the relation with Romania, one of the closest friends and partners of the US in Europe.
They also reviewed several regional topics of common interest for the two countries.
US President Barack Obama appointed Mark Henry Gitenstein for the office of the extraordinary and plenipotentiary ambassador to Bucharest, of the United States of America, and the US Senate confirmed him in the position, on Friday, France Presse reports.
Mark Henry Gitenstein is a lawyer and was in the transition team assuring the transfer of the presidential prerogatives from George W. Bush to Barack Obama.
The previous US ambassador in Romania Nicholas Taubman ended his term in office in November 2008.


Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world. It's only right that our traditional, simple and most common zessoo wallet is dedicated to Gandhi. A statement of class through purest form of silence and simplicity.
We dedicate this piece to Mahatma Gandhi in recognition of his work, thank you.
Imperfectly perfect, each piece is handmade from fallen leaves, dyed by hand and so every piece is unique, no two are or will ever be the same. Due to the nature of this process, design and stitching, colors may vary.
Our leaf wallets are made from fallen leaves and are PETA approved. Each piece is handmade from leaves and can take up to 6 weeks to produce depending on the season and demand, although we get hundreds of requests, we refuse to over commercialise and mass factory produce our leaf products. Please take this into consideration when ordering.
Picture: "Mahatma Gandhi", under Wikipedia Creative Commons.


Adjunct prof. Kieran Williams was featured on the cover of the May 4 issue of The Times Literary Supplement.
Kieran Williams, adjunct professor in the Department of Political Science, was featured on the cover of this week's issue of The Times Literary Supplement.
Williams contributed a full-page essay on Czechoslovakia's Prague Spring of 1968. His book on that topic, titled "The Prague Spring and its Aftermath," (Cambridge University Press, 1997) is regarded as one of the definitive works on those events, and recently was cited in an article in The Economist.
The Times Literary Supplement, published in London since 1914, is one of the world's top publications for book reviews, essays and commentary. The May 4 issue, in which Williams was featured, included a special section dedicated to the 50th anniversary of 1968.
Williams has taught at Drake since spring 2004. Previously he taught for nine years at University College London's School of Slavonic and East European Studies, where he was an associate professor in politics and a frequent consultant to the UK Foreign Office.
A comparativist and specialist in the politics of Central and Eastern Europe, he has authored or co-authored three books, serves on the editorial boards of four journals, and is a regular reviewer for The Times Literary Supplement.


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Q: How to validate file name from textbox on button click? VB.net I would like to know how to check if the file name that is inserted from textbox exist in the same folder as the program itself.
For example, I'm going to enter notepad.exe into textbox then when you click the button it will check if that program exist on the folder where the program is. If I enter notepad.ex into textbox then it didn't find any file with that name, then it will give error.

A: Simply append a ".\" at the start of the filename, this will check on the current directory path, which always will be the same directory on which your main assembly is:
Dim filename As String = TextBox1.Text

If Not File.Exists(String.Format(".\{0}", filename)) Then
    MessageBox.Show("File not found.", "", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)

Else
    ' File found.

End If

I suggest to use Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() only when you are not sure what the working directory is, for example when changed the default working directory path with Directory.SetCurrentDirectory() method.

A: I had to use this code to check if the file exist or not.
Dim currentPath As String = System.IO.Path.Combine(IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), Textbox1.Text)

    If IO.File.Exists(currentPath) Then
        ..Do something here
    Else
        MsgBox("Executable doesn't exist!", vbOKOnly, "Error!")
    End If

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Fruit used: Tart cherry juice blended from local growers in the "Tart Cherry Capital of the World."
An explosion of tiny cherry bubbles in your mouth! A romantic take on an already romantic drink. Beautiful hue, just baaarely sweet on the lips.


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You are at:Home»Business & Politics»Organic sector calls for Brexit contingency plans
Organic sector calls for Brexit contingency plans
By Chloe Ryan on	 October 8, 2018 Business & Politics
The Organic Trade Board (OTB) and the United Kingdom Organic Certifiers Group (UKOCG) are calling for a clear contingency plan to ensure the continued trade of organic produce with the EU in the event of a 'no deal' Brexit.
"There has been speculation about how the UK will continue to trade organic goods with the EU if a deal isn't reached and the recent Defra technical paper has failed to provide sufficient assurance that the necessary precautions are in place," said Roger Kerr, chairman of UKOCG.
The paper indicated that UK organic control bodies would be able to continue certifying UK organic operators for trade in the UK, and that the UK intends to continue to recognise those countries currently equivalent to the EU, such as the USA, Canada, Japan and South Korea.
However, in the event of the UK becoming a 'third country', any organic control body from within the UK or the EU must apply for equivalence to the EU Commission to operate in that 'third country' under Annex 4 of Regulation 1235/2008.
"This process cannot proceed until the UK is deemed to be a 'third country' which could well be not until 1 April 2019 and it normally takes around nine months to complete. If there is a transition period agreed, then the application process could take place during that period," explained Kerr.
While the Defra technical notice provided some assurance that possible solutions were being 'explored', he says it lacks detail and a clear contingency plan is needed immediately.
"The best course of action is for Government to negotiate a mutual recognition agreement with the EU ahead of Brexit day, similar to the ones identified in the Brexit technical paper with the USA, Canada, Japan and South Korea."
But, with just over five months to go, time is running out and Kerr emphasised the importance of discussions starting now.
The Chairman of the OTB Adrian Blackshaw says it should be fairly easy to negotiate an agreement setting out mutual recognition of standards with the EU. "The UK will adopt EU regulation when we leave the EU, and so will be equivalent, if not compliant, by default."
While the negotiation of a mutual recognition agreement is by far the best course of action, it isn't the only option.
"Another option is the EU unilaterally accepting organic imports from the UK in recognition of the interdependency of the organic supply chain across the EU, as the UK Government has indicated they are prepared to do so for all organic imports coming into the UK," said Blackshaw.
"The final option is that Government could apply for the UK as a whole, to be deemed a country of equivalency under Annex 3 of Regulation 1235/2008. Again, this is a prolonged process but could be fast tracked if all parties want this outcome."
Kerr said that both UKOCG and the OTB are currently in talks with Defra and are working closely with the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM EU) to develop a suitable plan of action.
"We want to see communications begin between Defra and the EU Commission that ensure the necessary contingencies are in place in the event of a 'no deal' Brexit. All options must be explored, and we will be working alongside agencies and organic organisations across the EU to ensure trade continues to flow regardless of the final nature of the EU/UK agreement," concluded Kerr.
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Nina Simone - Forbidden Fruit
Nina Simone - Forbidden Fruit - is backordered. We will ship it separately in 10 to 15 days.
The second album Nina Simone recorded for Colpix, Forbidden Fruit is something of a departure from previous recordings. Gone are the supper club and middle of the road arrangements that had defined her career up to this point, to be replaced by an earthier sound. The material chosen also stretches Nina much more to the limits, with numbers such as House of the Rising Sun, Forbidden Fruit and Gin House Blues being indicative of the material she would make her reputation with during the course of the 1960s. The overall effect is a strong and exceptional album and one of the highlights of her sojourn with Colpix.


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Final-fantasy-music.com
Final fantasy music
Final Fantasy Original Game –Music to the Ears
Final Fantasy VII – The Original Version
The Black Mages
The Music in Final Fantasy X
Slot Gameswith a Fantasy Theme
Final Fantasy Concerts
The Music in Final Fantasy XII
When Final Fantasy VII was released, it was widely assumed that it would continue the reputation and excellence that was established by the earlier versions of the game. The result was a validation of earlier reviews and expectations- Final Fantasy VII proved to be a hit, and helped boost the sales and popularity of the PlayStation, and also cemented the standing of the video game as one of the best in the industry.
What makes the game so memorable is not just the graphics or role-playing adventure given to players; its appeal also lies in the choice of soundtrack. And this is exactly what can be expected with the Final Fantasy VII, The Original Version. The appeal of the official soundtrack starts with its prelude, composed using piano, effectively building up excitement, suggesting to players that something big is about to happen.
Original Music by Nobuo Uematsu Was Made for Fans.
The original version of the soundtrack composition by NubuoUematsu, was produced by Minoru Akao and Uematsu. The songs are primarily used in the game, covering a wide variety of genres. Some of the genres covered by the original album are rock, orchestra, techno and choral.
The first-time listener of the soundtrack will initially notice the use of techno and orchestra, which is used to build up the action. The original soundtrack is meant to provide background music for the video game action, but there's no denying the raw impact provided by the songs.
One of the most popular and powerful songs used in the game and included in the soundtrack is 'Aerith's Theme'. For some reviewers and players of Final Fantasy VII, this is considered a powerful sample that evokes a variety of emotions and feelings, including sadness and loss. It was used to highlight a plot twist in the game, and the crowning moment of the death of a character.
This arrangement is just one of the many creative highlights included in the original version of Final Fantasy VII.
Original Soundtrack, Limited Edition
The publisher also announced a limited edition of the original soundtrack to accompany the game. It comes with notes and pictures from the work areas of the composer, which can appeal to collectors and fans of the game series. The complete package also includes cut scenes and screen shots taken from the game. In short, the limited edition version of the original soundtrack is a more personal album, and takes a peek at the creative minds of the composer and producer.
As an official soundtrack, the original album of Final Fantasy VII clearly leaves a mark and a positive impression among fans and casual observers. With more than 80 tracks sampled in four discs, the original soundtrack for Final Fantasy VII is a certified treat for the senses.


Its ideal for difficult to model objects like organic shapes, soft forms and hand made items. The included Photoshop plug-in makes model creation even easier. Foto 3D models are ideal for developing packaging, games, illustrations, online catalogs and more. Dg Foto Art Gold is a professional program for creating digital photo albums. A lot of different effects such as clipart, border, mask, BG texture and others help to make your pictures look more funny, beautiful and attractive.


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Paris, But Not France
It is a sign that the world may be upside down when French tourists in Las Vegas take pictures of themselves in front of the Paris Las Vegas Hotel and Casino complex which includes a half-scale replica of the Eiffel Tower. And, yet this is not the strangest behavior I observed recently during a trip to southern Nevada, an area that along with the much of the West is suffering through the worst drought on record.
As a visitor to Las Vegas you could be forgiven for not understanding that the city is suffering a prolonged and extreme drought. Yes, there was a small sign in the bathroom of my hotel room that read: "Dear Guest, Southern Nevada and the West are experiencing extreme drought conditions." It suggested reusing towels as do most hotels now, even those not located in drought-striken areas. But it did not suggest any other measures I might take.
Outside the hotel and in seeming contradiction to the bathroom message, the Las Vegas strip is brimming with so-called "water features," a term taken from geology for naturally occurring water on the earth's surface or underground. But these features are anything but natural. Perhaps the most spectacular is the fountain at the Bellagio Resort & Casino which has water jets that shoot maybe 100 feet into the air and dance to tunes broadcast by cleverly concealed outdoor loudspeakers. (The link leads to a video of the fountain in action though one must really be there to appreciate it fully.) The pool from which this bit of spectacle originates looks like a small reservoir several football fields in size.
Frank Sinatra and the Fountain
As Frank Sinatra crooned "Luck Be a Lady," the evaporation from the water jets was so great that the Nevada desert air was transformed for a few minutes into something akin to my own muggy Michigan summer atmosphere. My face ended up dripping not from spray, but from condensation--even in the still searing nighttime heat that generally leaves one hot and dry rather than hot and sweaty.
At the New York, New York Hotel and Casino one need only stand outside to experience the Statue of Liberty in a fake New York Harbor complete with a squirting fireboat and a Brooklyn Bridge that you can actually walk over. This "water feature" was one of only two on which I saw a small plaque which mentioned the drought. It read:
New York New York is proud to operate this water feature in full compliance with all drought ordinances. A current water efficiency and drought response plan is on file with local water purveyors.
One wonders about the efficacy of these ordinances if they allow such profligate water use. And, in fact, it turns out that water features at resorts in Las Vegas are exempt from these ordinances. Nevertheless, some hotel owners have responded with extraordinary conservation efforts. MGM is featured in a video on the Southern Nevada Water Authority site for its efforts. (Click on "Conservation" and then "Rebates and Programs" to find this video.) Yet, MGM continues to operate huge water features at its Mirage and Treasure Island hotels albeit with so-called "gray water" generated by guests in its hotel rooms and purified on site for this purpose.
The water authority claims that hotels and casinos only consume about 4 percent of southern Nevada's water. But, of course, they are leaving out all the vendors who sell to and service the hotels and casinos, all the people who work there and thus live in the city's apartments and homes that use water, and all the ancillary businesses that serve the people who work and live in Las Vegas, i.e. the banks, laudromats, car washes, restaurants, day care facilities, schools, and so on.
Las Vegas is built on gambling. Tourism is a major driver behind the city's growth. The people who flock there often find work in the so-called "gaming industry." Without gambling Las Vegas would still be a backwater town servicing ranchers, farmers and the remaining mining industry in Nevada.
Lake Mead's Bathtub Ring
A tourist flying into Las Vegas might be alerted to the actual situation by looking out his or her airplane window to view the noticeable white ring around Lake Mead, a lake created on the Colorado River by Hoover Dam and the source for 90 percent of the city's water. The ring is the result of the deposition of minerals on the lake floor in better times. The 10-year drought has lowered the lake level more than 120 feet from its most recent peak in 1998. The lake is now at about 40 percent of its capacity.
So quickly is Lake Mead falling that an intake pipe which supplies 40 percent of Las Vegas' water may emerge above the lake's surface by 2012. The Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) is working furiously to lay pipe for a new intake that will assure continued supplies should the lake fall below the current intake on schedule. The authority is a consortium of water districts that act together on water issues.
But the new intake may not be enough. A recent report from two researchers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography calculates that there is a 50 percent chance that Lake Mead will cease to supply water to the millions that rely on it by 2021. They calculate a 10 percent chance that this could occur by 2014 and a 50 percent chance that lake levels will drop below those necessary to generate electricity from Hoover Dam's many generating turbines. Their study assumes no changes in water management. But they hope to prompt radical changes in that management with their conclusions. (For the complete study, click here. It should provide a gripping read for anyone who lives in and around southern Nevada.)
The study's authors indirectly point out that Hoover Dam and the communities that rely on the Colorado River for water have grown up in what might turn out to be a rather wet period in the western United States. They note that average Colorado River flows over the last 500 years are less than those over the last century or the last 50 years. If that is any indication, the West may now be experiencing the new normal. Despite all this Patricia Mulroy, manager of the SNWA, insists that Las Vegas' water troubles shouldn't be cause for limiting growth. She told Reuters that Las Vegas can continue to grow sustainably for the next 50 to 80 years as it changes the way it consumes water.
Mulroy's hopes for continued growth lie north of Las Vegas where she wants to tap groundwater resources currently used by ranchers, farmers and rural communities in the Snake Valley and nearby areas that straddle Nevada and Utah. While driving through areas in southern Nevada and Utah still used for ranching, I was struck by the number of irrigated fields growing feed crops of hay and alfalfa. Even more striking was that the large spray irrigation systems were turned on during the midday when evaporation is at its peak. The midday temperatures were well above 100 degrees when I passed some fields being watered in Nevada.
Much of the West's and the nation's water is used for irrigation. In the United States, the portion of water withdrawals used for irrigation in 2000, the last year for which complete figures are available, was 34 percent, according to the U. S. Geological Survey. This contrasts with 11 percent for what is called public supply for homes and businesses and another 1 percent brought up through private wells, all for household use.
Mulroy complained years ago about the profligate ways of ranchers and farmers in her region and little seems to have changed. Moreover, these same ranchers and farmers are disinclined to share their water with Las Vegas. And, a recent agreement between Nevada and Utah would put the water out of reach until 2019 if both states accept it, something that isn't a forgone conclusion.
Farmers, ranchers and rural residents in the area that would be affected by Las Vegas' groundwater withdrawals fear that their already arid landscape will end up being desiccated. They point to California's Owens Valley where Los Angeles in the early part of the last century secured water rights and shipped the valley's water to the city. Owens Lake dried up and became an alkali flat responsible for local dust storms. Vegetation changed, and farming and ranching declined for lack of water.
Also in question is whether Las Vegas will be able to afford the estimated $3 billion cost of a pipeline from the north since its bond rating is in peril because of the deteriorating economy and the devastating effect that has had on tourism in the city.
All Dressed Up, But No Place To Go
Meanwhile, visitors to Las Vegas continue to ride in gondolas on fake canals in front of The Venetian hotel. I paced off the length of the ride, and the maximum distance one-way appears to be about 200 feet. But it does include passing under a bridge. There's an interior version, too. Across the street at the Mirage one can enjoy waterfalls with flaming volcanoes that simultaneously deplete water and natural gas. And, there are countless exterior misting systems used to cool off outdoor diners for those who prefer to waste water while sitting down.
You are allowed to wonder why this writer even visited Las Vegas given his previous writings. I was on my way to a family hiking vacation in southern Utah, a vacation generously organized by one family member working in a national park there. Las Vegas was the closest city via air to my final destination. Other family members wanted to stay in Las Vegas a few days before the hiking adventure. In part, it seems this was to offer a subsidy to wealthy casino owners by means of the gambling tables and slot machines. And, I confess that in the absence of anything else to do, these owners received a small subsidy from me, too.
For now the water authorities and the casino owners agree that despite the drought, the show must go on. The city's residents are counting on it. The state of Nevada is counting on it. Perhaps even the whole country is counting on it. But I'm guessing that the small amount I surrendered at Las Vegas' gambling emporiums may come in handy for the city's beleaguered casino tycoons as they are gripped ever tighter by the triple threat of worldwide economic decline, disappearing water and peak oil. These developments are likely to drive operating costs through the roof even as they reduce the ability of customers to pay. That casts doubt on whether a show that supposedly must go on will go on very far into the future.
Photos Courtesy of Olga Bonfiglio
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Carpool Crew said...
Check out www.brightneighbor.tv - it's community mobilization to help fix this problem.
You first saw it at the International Peak Oil Conference in Michigan, and now it's going nationwide.
- Randy White
Rice Farmer said...
This is a fine piece. And Las Vegas is such a good example of our crisis of denial. Indeed, the show must go on. The car culture must keep expanding, the airlines must keep flying, the factories must keep manufacturing, and of course all of us must keep consuming.
But clearly, Las Vegas has no future, even if the desert had plenty of water, because what built Las Vegas is cheap energy.
Deep time and the human future
Burning Picassos for Heat
A thing of beauty
Burning the furniture


text:
Mondays at the Bluebird
The Mike Henderson Band
Monday, December 5, 2022 @ 9:00PM (CST, UTC-06) Mon, Dec 5, 2022 @ 9:00PM (CST, UTC-06)
Bluebird Cafe, 4104 Hillsboro Pike, Nashville, TN
Join Grammy & CMA winner Mike and the band for the best blues in Nashville. Featuring Kevin McKendree, Pat O'Connor and Michael Rhodes.
Monday, November 28, 2022 @ 9:00PM (CST, UTC-06) Mon, Nov 28, 2022 @ 9:00PM (CST, UTC-06)
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