I love it when I hear a song that speaks to me. It does not matter where I am at. I perk up like a dog and my senses change to audio. I am a dancing marionette. My head starts to bob up and down and I move my body from left to right like the music has cast a spell on me. With all of this, comes a smile. There is nothing more motivating than having great music to move to. Music has such a positive impact on the brain to get your body moving. So turn up the volume and let music motivate you!
The temporal lobe is the part of the brain that is involved with the recognition of tone and music. For the past 30 years research shows that music affects the brain wave patterns. Scientist have found that music affects the bio-electric current of the brain and central nervous system. There are so many types of music that affects your brain differently. Some songs awaken your senses and energize you while others calm you down to relax you. Depending on what your workout is, you need to match your music to stimulate your brain power for that activity.
Weight training- Research shows that harder music genres like rock, metal, and certain pop songs produces changes in the cardiovascular system by increasing heart rate. The faster paced music will produce more adrenaline to allow weight lifters to increase more oxygen to working the muscles. Bottom line-the right music will give you that surge of energy to work harder in the gym. So rock it out when you pump iron!
Running- Use music to set your pace. The genre isn't important in running. Runners use music to synchronize their pace to the tempo of music. Countless research proves that running to music helps improve physical and mental performance. Pop in your ear buds and go with the beat of the music.
Yoga- Music is used as a healing mechanism to relax the individual. Research proves that slow nature and earth type of music has a calming effect on one's nervous system. It also proves that meditative, harp, and chanting types of music have shown to strengthen one's immune system. In this case, music is therapy to one's soul. Go with the flow of the music. Close your eyes and take a deep breath in…and release…ahhh.
Zumba- From the beginning of time, man has been dancing to music. Back then dancing and music was to tell stories and used as an art form. Today it still hold true but we as man, have taken the art of dance and music to the next level –exercise! There are many types of fitness dance classes today. Part exercise and part dancing, Zumba is a fun way to workout. You won't even know that you are working out with the high energy dance music to move to. Shake those hips! Aye yi yi, ZUMBA!
We all have those days where we do not want to go to the gym. We are tired from our busy lives and have every reason in the world why we do not want to be physically active. Having music on hand is a mental booster. I don't know about you, but listening to one motivating song instantly energizes me and changes my "Ugh, I don't want to be here" attitude to "Let's do this!" Now I am attacking my workout. Music helps block that little voice in your head telling you to quit. People who consistency listen to music are more likely to adhere to a workout program than those who do not listen to music.
Whether you are working out in gym or outside, get a great MP3 player or an iPod. Create a customized playlist to your workout. Choosing your favorite music will help increase your enjoyment and complete your workout. You will find that music will lift your mood and encourage you to put some effort into it. You will get both mental and physical benefits from being stimulated by music. Think of it as fitness for your brain!
Anything song from Black Eyed Peas!


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Education Department Faults Illinois School District for Excluding Transgender Girl from Locker Room Changing Area
Updated: 2 Dec 2015
Posted in: Education
Last month, the Office for Civil Rights of the U.S. Department of Education ("OCR") informed an Illinois school district that it had violated anti-discrimination laws by barring a transgender girl (who plays on a girls' sports team) from showering and changing in the girls' locker room without restrictions. The school district currently expects the girl to change her clothes behind a special curtain, thereby separating her from the other girls on her team. Some parents and others have reacted negatively to OCR's position, arguing that girls should have the right to privacy from having to see and be seen by a naked student with male anatomy. The conflict here raises an interesting question about who gets to define an individual's gender or sexual identity.
Bathrooms Versus Locker Rooms
Some critics of the federal determination distinguish between requiring that girls share a bathroom with a transgender female student, on one hand, and requiring that they share showers and a changing area, on the other. In women's restrooms, each bathroom contains separate stalls, which allow for visual privacy among the various occupants. Unlike a men's room, which contains urinals into which men urinate in each other's presence, the ladies' room has built-in privacy protections.
Why should this matter? For someone who feels uncomfortable appearing nude or partially nude in front of people of the opposite sex, a unisex bathroom (or a women's room that admits transgender women) will likely be felt as less of an intrusion upon the individual's privacy than a mixed changing area or shower would. People might still prefer a completely sex-segregated bathroom (thus protecting them from cross-sex embarrassment due to sounds and smells associated with the restroom), but if the visual aspects of privacy are valued most, as seems likely, then some of those who oppose the shared shower or changing area would accept the more inclusive bathroom.
Changing rooms and showers involve full nudity in others' presence. There is nowhere to hide in a room with open shower stalls and lockers. If an individual feels strongly that she does not want to be seen naked by someone she perceives as male, then she is out of luck and must either skip her shower or subject herself to what she might consider a privacy-violating exposure to a man. If privacy from visual observation (and from having to visually observe others) means anything, then the showering and changing area of a locker room seem like reasonable places for accommodation of such privacy needs.
Who Decides Who Is Male?
The problem, however, with accommodating uncomfortable girls or women by excluding the transgender female from the showering and changing area is that it seemingly acts neutrally but in fact takes sides. It comes down firmly in favor of the girls who consider the transgender girl to be a boy. We can see this clearly if we take an example from outside the realm of cis- and transgender individuals.
Imagine that a particular girl at a high school has not yet gone through puberty. Her chest is flat, she has no body hair, and she generally looks like a young girl—much younger than her actual age. Assume that she is either a very late bloomer or has some hormonal problem that is interfering with her reaching puberty. As a result, she looks very different from the other girls in her high school, and the other girls feel embarrassed to appear naked in front of "a child" (saying "it's like undressing in front of a first-grader."). They demand that the school arrange for her to have a separate shower and changing area so that they can appear only in front of "actual adolescents and women" rather than this child. Just as a five-year-old would not be invited to shower and change with the high school girls and women, similarly, they might argue, this girl should not be able to do so either.
My hope is that the school would condemn these reactions as highly insensitive and say that all of the girls are high school girls, including the one facing delayed puberty, and that whatever embarrassment they may feel, they must at the very least tolerate the equal participation of their less-developed classmate. We would probably feel a great deal of empathy for the one girl who has not developed, because she is likely to be stigmatized and to feel uncomfortable in front of a large group of girls who have already gone through puberty. Rather than accommodating the wish to exclude this girl, then, we might make it a point to talk (perhaps separately) with each of the girls complaining about having to shower and change in front of "a child" and explain that the girl could easily be experiencing their exclusionary conduct as bullying. Girls and women come in many different shapes and sizes, and we should not shame anyone—or exclude anyone—for falling outside of the "norm." If anything, we might want to make a separate shower and changing area available for the girl if she wants it, because her own humiliation might be sufficient to justify a special arrangement.
If this example seems plain, then consider how similar the transgender girl's situation is. If she is treated equally, she is walking into a changing and shower room where her body looks very different from the bodies of the other people among whom she must stand in the nude. What distinguishes her case from that of the underdeveloped hypothetical girl is that we have for so long defined "female" as a fixed category of individuals who conform to a definition, but that definition is now contested. Because that definition happens to include the underdeveloped girl, above, her right to shower and change with the others seems less controversial. But there are plenty of people who, despite their having been born into a male (or female) body, find that they identify as female (or male). This is what it means to be transgender, and to say that a transgender girl is "really a boy" is to trump a person's own internal and subjective experience with the majority's perceptions. Who are the girls in the school (or their parents or the principal) to tell a person who experiences the world as a female that she is actually a male (or worse, a freak who must shower and change in her own special place, because she truly belongs nowhere)?
Once we accept that each person gets to decide whether he or she is male or female, we will find that most people remain cis-gender (that is, identifying with the sex they were assigned at birth), so that there will not be a slippery slope into chaos where no one knows who goes into which restroom or locker room; living as cis-gender remains easier than being transgender even with the modest reduction in stigma that transgender people have begun to enjoy. The people in greatest need of accommodation are the transgender individuals and not their classmates who insist that they are being forced to change "in front of a boy"—schools accordingly ought to be more attentive to the needs of the former. Giving the transgender girl the autonomy to decide how to proceed may in some cases actually yield a request for a special changing area and shower stall anyway. In the Illinois case, the transgender girl has said she will probably use the special curtain to change, if given the choice, but she wants to be able to make the decision voluntarily rather than because the school district has ordered her to.
The truth is that many teenagers would prefer not to undress in front of anyone, including parents, doctors, and classmates. Girls in our culture learn to feel ashamed of their bodies, and one result is a desire for privacy. Focusing on how the transgender girl makes the other girls feel misses the larger story of how girls generally feel about having to disrobe in front of a large number of classmates or teammates. Forcing them to change publicly because it is traditional or somewhat less expensive is questionable and perhaps should be revisited. But the transgender girl, particularly alone and vulnerable to bullying and typical cruelty, should not have to bear the brunt of this.
I can easily imagine girls thinking, "I hate changing in front of all these girls, and now I have to change in front of a boy too!" The answer they should get is that maybe they should not have to change in front of "all these girls" in the first place and that the person they call a boy is in fact a girl whose wishes to be treated as a girl should be honored. A candid conversation about privacy more generally could help us all to see past the spurious issue of one transgender girl supposedly invading the privacy of a large group of girls whose privacy has already been tremendously compromised. With stalls and curtains for all, everyone in this lopsided battle could ultimately win.
Posted in: Education, Privacy
Tags: Office for Civil Rights, Privacy, Transgender
One response to "Education Department Faults Illinois School District for Excluding Transgender Girl from Locker Room Changing Area"
Victor Grunden says:
Reading this brought back memories of the Russians who would give hormone shots to males so they could compete in women's athletics. The Olympic committee introduced the chromosome 21 test. Chromosome 21 is the XX, XY or in the case of Down's syndrome XXY which determines their sex. Using the example of a late bloomer is more about peer pressure than sex discrimination and is entirely irrelevant. Should a group of raucous young girls cause a normal teen male reaction to a bevy of nude female bodies could the transgender then claim sexual harassment because he really is female and causing his body to belie that belief is emotionally distressing? The only practical solution is individual restrooms and showers. It will be much cheaper than the ensuing lawsuits. Otherwise the courts will have to decide who can be discriminated against and who can't. And that runs squarely into equal protection under the law.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Looks like Kiki and Tombo from the Ghibli classic, Kiki's Delivery Service are all grown up. Nissin recently aired a new CM featuring the two, and in that CM, they're now in high school. The ad features plenty of classic high school anime tropes, from cleaning the pool to getting a confession… with a magical twist of course.
And speaking of confessions, the ad also featured Kiki confessing her feelings to Tombo. Well, I guess fans are really happy with that, though they didn't show Tombo's reply. Actress Minami Hamabe voices Kiki, while Yuuki Kaji voices Tombo.
The ad is actually the first in a series of Nissin ads surrounding "youth" called "HUNGRY DAYS". It also features the song, "Kinen Satsuei" by Bump of Chicken.


Deathrow carried her towel, and lotion to the beach shore. She laid out her towel, and stripped out of her sundress, now only wearing a bikini. She laid in the sun, and every once in a while, she'd flip over, tanning her skin.
Toukon saw her from a far. He formed into a wolf. He ran up to her, and put his fangs by her neck. He growled. "If you got any money, meat, and stuff worth money give it up now, and I won't hurt you."
Deathrow chuckled, and disappeared. She reappeared behind him, and transformed into a large black wolf."Excuse me?"She smiled, her tail raised.
Toukon turned towards her. His tail went between his legs, when he saw much bigger she was to him. "I mean you no harm. Sorry I miss took you for a human." He said in a low cowardly whimper.
Deathrow smiled, and shifted back into her human form."Its alright, but you shouldnt have to steal. Its wrong."
Toukon formed into a human." No, It's wrong when you can't do it right."
Deathrow rubbed the back of her head."Well, I dont know what to say much any more. Its hard to think these days."She muttered."Soo, I dont know anything good to tell you.."
"Yeah, seems so. So whatever. See ya around." Toukon said, and he walked away.
Deathrow rolled her eyes."Be careful, or you'll end up dead."She called, then laid back down on her towel, and continued tanning.


You might have thought that flip phones were out of fashion, but Samsung is doing its best to prove you wrong. On Thursday, following weeks of leaks and rumors, Samsung unveiled the Leader 8 flip phone on its website. Previously known only by its model number (SM-G9298), the Leader 8 is an Android-based, dual-display flip phone with surprisingly competitive specs and a stunning design.
Set to launch in China in the coming days, the Leader 8 feature two 4.2-inch displays — one on the front and one inside. Both are Full HD Super AMOLED screens, with the front display allowing users to quickly check information like the date, the time or call reminders. Leader 8 users will also be able to change the background image and the style of the clock on the front display of the phone.
In addition to the two HD displays, the phone also features a Snapdragon 821 processor, 4GB of RAM, 64GB of internal storage, 2,300 mAh battery, 12-megapixel rear camera and 5-megapixel front camera. The Leader 8 also has a rear-mounted fingerprint scanner and supports wireless charging.
At a glance, the Leader 8 almost looks like a miniature Galaxy S8. Of course, once you flip the phone open, your perception changes entirely. Inside the phone, you'll find a control pad surrounded by inlaid buttons, one of which can be configured to serve as a customizable hotkey. Below the control pad is a fairly standard key pad, which look like pretty much another other flip phone's key pad.
So far, the Leader 8 has only been confirmed for release in China, though Samsung has yet to announce a price. We very much doubt that this phone will make it overseas, but our fingers are crossed.


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Man, 28, arrested over mysterious killings of four University of Idaho students
A suspect in the mysterious killings of four university students in Idaho has been arrested.
The individual was reportedly detained some 2,500 miles away in Monroe County in northeastern Pennsylvania.
He has been named as 28-year-old Bryan Christopher Kohberger.
Kaylee Goncalves, Maddie Mogen, Xana Kernodle and Ethan Chapin were stabbed to death in Moscow, Idaho in the early hours of 13 November in a case that left the small community where they lived desperate for answers.
The development comes following an investigation that had not yet yielded any arrests.
Arrest paperwork filed by Pennsylvania State Police said an individual was being held for extradition in a criminal homicide investigation based on an active arrest warrant for first degree murder issued by the Moscow Police Department and Latah County Prosecutor's Office.
Exercise rider killed in accident at Florida track


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A privately-owned Depression Era playground in Sunnyside will become public parkland again
By Angela Matua Posted on March 20, 2018
Photo via Google Maps
A private lot in Sunnyside will soon be purchased by the city to create a public park for Queens residents.
City Councilman Jimmy Van Bramer announced in a press conference on March 19 that the site at 50-02 39th Ave. will be purchased for $3 million after going through a rezoning process to turn it into public parkland.
The Sunnyside Gardens property was previously used as an outdoor nursery and playground, one of the few Depression Era play areas left in the city. The property was sold in 2007 after it became a part of the historic district.
For years, residents have been calling on the city to buy back the land and turn it into a park. It's currently fenced off and not accessible.
"The Phipps property holds an important place in Sunnyside history, but for too long the space has been overlooked and inaccessible," said Queens Parks Commissioner Dorothy Lewandowski. "Parks is thrilled to move forward on purchasing and restoring this parcel, and give it back to the community for their enjoyment. With the support from our dedicated elected officials, and a little extra TLC, we can create a viable public space."
In 2013, property owner Harry Otterman proposed relocating the Aluminaire House – an all-aluminum, historic home built in 1931 for a New York City exhibition – to the current site. In addition, a total of eight apartment buildings would be constructed around the house.
Community Board 2 and the city's Historic Districts Council both shot down the plan. Recently, the City Planning Commission certified the Unified Land Use Review Procedure (ULURP) application and the rezoning will go before Community Board 2. When the rezoning is complete, the city will officially purchase the property with money allocated by Van Bramer.
"This rezoning will be a great victory for Sunnyside and Woodside," Van Bramer said. "Public space is a vital component of healthy, dynamic communities and we have been fighting for years to acquire this site. Ensuring that this private land is returned to public park space is really important to me and to the Sunnyside community. I am proud to have secured the $3 million in funding for this and am thrilled to see the community's vision for this site start to come to life."
Congressman Joseph Crowley, who was also at the press conference, said "it would be tragic to lose this historic site to private developers, and with each step we take toward restoring Phipps, I'm reminded of the concerted community effort that has brought us this far."
Feb. 5, all day
Nai-Ni Chen Dance Company celebrates the Lunar New Year: Year of the Water Rabbit at Kupferberg Center for the Arts in Queens College
BHS Passport Concert Series: American Gospel Music
Maspeth High School launches career program to help students secure employment
Flushing Bank announces community scholarship for NYC Kids RISE Save for College Program at P.S. 22Q
LaGuardia Community College receives federal funding to expand vocational training for the unemployed
Middle Village school's 'walk-in closet' event collects clothes to donate to those in need


Let your callers enjoy a piece of ear-catching or relaxing music while waiting for you to pick up the phone; instead of that repeated "beep…beep" tone.
* Sorry, this link is unavailable now.
To download, scan QR code by your mobile phone.
"Irancell Pishvaz" application is an easy way to access a vast collection of Ring Back Tones. With a quick and precise search engine, you could find your favorite RBT; categorized by artists, song's names and song's codes. Also with an instance internet connection, the application's database will be updated in a few seconds. You could easily find your favorite tune with your Irancell line and share your musical taste with your callers. Also you could attach a picture to your favorite song and browse through various categories such as The Recommendation, Best Sellers, The Newest and The Most Popular. With this handy application you could easily find necessary information, personalize your songs and time period for your RBT, send a RBT as a gift to your friends, copy any songs or choose different tunes for different callers.
And so many other personalized brand new features.


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Long Island Breast Cancer Help, Awareness & Support New York
Fire Island Artist Brings Charm to Breast Cancer Fight
Awareness Ribbon Jewelry Designed by Kenny Goodman
A silver charm ribbon designed by Fire Island artist and jeweler Kenny Goodman is being sold to promote breast cancer awareness and raise funds to fight the deadly disease.
Goodman has pledged18%, or $6.30, from the sale of each $35.00 ribbon to Breast Cancer Help, Inc., the Long Island-based not-for-profit organization that focuses on action and advocacy in the hopes of eradicating breast cancer.
Recently, Breast Cancer Help co-founder Lorraine Pace, a breast-cancer survivor, helped Goodman unveil the ribbon at his shop on Fire Island. The ribbon was inspired by the personal fight against breast cancer that has been led by Pace and millions of other afflicted women across Long Island and around the world. The solid metal design resembles the familiar pink ribbon worn by millions to raise awareness and is available for purchase as a pendant, earrings, pin and tie tack for men. The tie tack is especially significant to Goodman, because it helps to symbolize men's awareness of the struggle of women against the disease.
"I am pleased to have designed this ribbon with the women who have visited my shop over the years who have fought breast cancer in mind. My donation of 18% is based on the 18th letter of the Hebrew alphabet, "chai" meaning "to life".
The charm can be purchased by telephone (3-755-312-1475) or through the Breast Cancer Help's website.
Breast Cancer Help, Inc. Hosts 5th Annual John Simms Celebrity Golf Outing
Breast Cancer Help, Inc. Supports NYS Attorney General's New Breast Cancer Pink-Ribbon Campaign Guidelines
Rebba Martin Says Discovery of Breast Cancer Subtypes May Lead to Discovery of a Cure
Tattoo Studios Support Breast Cancer Help, Inc. With "Ink For Pink" Campaign
© 2019 www.breastcancerhelpinc.org. All rights reserved.


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Ann Schwenzer - Owner/Artistic Director
Ann Schwenzer earned her Bachelors of Science in both Landscape Architecture and Dance through Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey. She has expertise in Ballet, Jazz, Modern,
Pointe, Tap, Pre-Ballet, and Creative Movement. Ann has choreographed for Performing Arts Programs Summer Theater,Terpsichore Dance and Theatre Company, Avon Chamber holiday event, CT Dance Alliance's Out for Art event, Farmington Valley Chorale, Act One Players, and Thompson Brook School Musical Theater. She has performed at The Bushnell for Gary Craig's Holiday Show, The Arts and Ideas festival with Susan Matheke, and has danced in local dance companies including Dirt Dancers, Allongé
Dance Variations, and MAss Dance Project. Several of Ann's students have danced for UConn's competitive dance team and Hip-Hop team and have danced at The Orange Bowl's half-time shows. She has experience in business management as well as planning programs that teach students to dance with proper technique and gain a sense of appreciation for the art form through class exercises as well as in-house dance workshops and master classes. Ann has attended The Pulse On Tour and learned from well known choreographers including Dave Scott, Brooke Lipton, Tessandra Chavez, Desmond Richardson, and
Chris Judd as well as has taken business seminars and master classes through Dance Life Retreat Center, a center for studio owners and teachers developed by Rhee Gold to educate studio owners and teachers on the business aspects of studio ownership as well as providing curriculum and choreography ideas. She has also taken Professional Development courses through National Dance Education Organization and Studio Expansion Program, to further her education in dance. Ann is blessed to have the opportunity to be able to follow her passion for dance and share her knowledge and experience with Studio A dancers!
Rachel Armstrong - Dance Instructor
Rachel Armstrong began her dance training at the age of 5 in her hometown of Simsbury, Connecticut and has been dancing ever since. Upon matriculating to The University of Connecticut in 2001, she became a member of the Uconn All Stars, competing and performing in Step and Hip Hop dance. After earning her BS in kinesiology, Rachel returned to her home town studio to bring step and hip-hop dance to Simsbury. She has taught at private schools and private studios throughout the state, and has conducted workshops on hip hop dance. She has successfully completed the Acrobatic Arts curriculum and is thrilled to be teaching acro dance. In addition she has completed many dance workshops, in state and out, including many at Disney World. Her choreography comes from her soul, and she enjoys teaching not just the basic moves, but a love and passion for dance and movement.
Emma Randolph - Dance Instructor
Emma Randolph is a Connecticut native originally from Milford. She first started dancing anywhere she could from front porches to the lobby of her great grandma's apartment building. She first started dancing at The Dancers Studio in Northford learning ballet, tap, jazz, lyric, modern, and more while dancing and competing in various regionals, nationals, and festivals in New England. Since then she has danced with New Haven Ballet, and graduated from Aces Education Center for the Arts dance department. Emma has also trained with Earl Mosley's Institute of the Arts, David Dorfman, Rioult Summer Intensive and The Martha Graham School. Currently Emma is going into her Senior year at the Hartt School at the University of Hartford majoring as a dance performance major with a minor in psychology. Emma aspires to be a choreographer and an advocate for arts and arts education for all ages.
Rachel Russell - Dance Instructor
Rachel Russell is a graduate of The University of Hartford, and earned her degree in Ballet Pedagogy and Performance. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Rachel graduated from the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts. At the University of Hartford, she's had many opportunities to perform diverse repertoire such as excerpts from Swan Lake, Le Corsaire, and Don Quixote as well as historic modern works like Jose Limon's There is a Time, Dances for Isadora, and Martha Graham's Appalachian Spring. She is also now a member of Ballet Hartford Dance Company, of which she will be dancing and performing professionally with the company at performances throughout the year.
Allesandra Rinaldo - Guest Instructor
Allesandra was born and raised in Upstate New York where she began her training at the Cazenovia School of Ballet with Joanne Rinaldo at age five. From the time she was born she knew she would be a dancer, following in the footsteps of her mother. Her passion to become a ballet teacher led her to start her journey at The Hartt School in 2012. Allesandra has had the privilege of studying with Nashville Ballet, Charlotte Ballet and The Nutmeg Conservatory over the past few summers. Allesandra recently graduated from The University of Hartford with a BFA in Ballet Pedagogy. During her time at the Hartt School she has had the opportunity to work with renowned teachers and choreographers including, Stephen Pier, Nina Watt, Hilda Morales, Betsy McMillan, Katie StevinsonNollet, Debra Collins Ryder, Gemma Bond and Norbert De La Cruz III.
Kate Cavenagh - Guest Instructor
Kate is deeply devoted to passing along the rich history of Tap as well as preserving repertory and traditions. She focuses on rhythm, musicality, phrasing, and improvisation in class, and approaches tap as music. Kate attended Emerson College in Boston and holds a B.A. in Theater Education with a Dance Concentration. She has studied extensively in Boston and New York City, at the American Tap Dance Foundation, and with Barbara Duffy as her main mentor for the past several years.


text:
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

[assembly: AssemblyTitle("Orleankka")]

[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("Orleankka.Tests")]
[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("Orleankka.Azure")]
[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("Orleankka.TestKit")]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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For my second LA Cupcakes Meetup Group organized event, we headed to SusieCakes in Brentwood. The turn out was bigger and we stayed munching on cupcakes for over an hour. SusieCakes specializes in an array of sentimental dessert favorites, which conjure up the sorely missed flavors and aromas of childhood. Each cupcake ($3) was filled with frosting and ranged from Mint Chocolate, Mocha, Lemon, Marshmallow, Strawberry, Vanilla, Chocolate, Red Velvet and Peanut butter.
I think the consensus was that the Red Velvet was moist and the best some have had and the Strawberry cupcake, which tasted like strawberry shortcake was the second favorite. I also liked their traditional vanilla cake with a blue butter cream frosting. So far this is my favorite cupcake shop out here.
Owner Susan Sarich also came out to briefly talk to our group, which was very nice. She also complimented my new cupake tote.
Our next stop in August is at the new Vanilla cupcakery in Santa Monica.
This post made me want a cupcake real bad... mmmm cupcakes. We don't have "dessert shops" and Pinkberry in my town, though we do have some decent bakeries and gelato shops. And since I have today off, I might just have to do some baking!


RITA Ora is known around the world as a superstar singer, model and actress.
But now another member of her family is stepping into the limelight - her mum, Vera. Here's her story.
Who is Rita Ora's mum Vera?
Vera Sahatçiu, 55, is a psychiatrist who lives in London but is organically from Kosovo.
She is married to her husband Nick and has three children - Elena, 30, Rita, 28, and 21-year-old Don.
Vera and her family left Kosovo for political reasons, because of the persecution of Albanians initiated with the disintegration of Yugoslavia.
They relocated to London in 1991, when Rita was a year old and the family settled in Notting Hill.
When did Vera have breast cancer?
Vera underwent a mastectomy after being diagnosed with breast cancer in 2005 aged 39.
Speaking about the ordeal she said: "The whole family is still left with the anxieties that cancer ingrains. Rita gets anxious and sometimes has panic attacks."
She added: "(At the time) Rita rebelled a little, bunking off school for a couple of weeks. It was her mental escape."
What is Vera's new swimwear range?
In February 2019, it was revealed that Vera is the face of a post-mastectomy swimwear range.
The collection has been designed by Melissa Odabash for the brand Amoena and launched by breast cancer charity Future Dreams.
"I felt self-conscious and would try to cover up or sew fabric into my swimming tops. But then I discovered the Amoena range, which is designed especially for women like me.
"It's so soft and figure-flattering and makes you feel wonderful."
What has Rita Ora said about her mum?
Rita, who is known for her work as a model, is proud of her mum fronting the swimwear campaign.
She told Hello!: "My mum inspires me every single day.
"I'm so proud of her. She's the ultimate real role model."


text:
Q: Connection leak from KafkaProducer We are trying to achieve java KafkaProducer resiliency where in case Kafka is not reachable for some reason then we are storing failed messages in files and retrying once kafka comes up. But we are checking periodically to see if kafka is available are not by trying to creating KafkaProducer object every 1 mins we observed that Too many files open issue is coming up. Where when we observed there are sockets getting open which are closing though we call Producer close function. Since this process runs as a daemon, how to release the sockets from Producer so that we dont get into this issue.
We get the log message
[org.apache.kafka.common.utils.KafkaThread] (kafka-admin-client-thread | consumer-id7035)
Uncaught exception in thread 'kafka-admin-client-thread | consumer-id7035'

each time the kafkaproducer object is created. I need help in figuring out how to close cleanly when we keep trying to create new KafkaProducer objects to attemp resending of messages when kakfa is down
I tried using AdminClient to see if kafka is available or not, but even that caused the same isssue.
If Producer not able to connect to kafka it should comeout cleanly without holding sockets or any resources that it could have held.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Girlhood + Sampa The Great
Sampa The Great
SAT 3 AUGUST, 9.00pm | Plenary Theatre,
Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre
selling now
MIFF's third, exclusive Hear My Eyes event will see Sampa The Great performing live alongside Céline Sciamma's defiantly electrifying portrait of young women of colour growing up in the Paris projects.
For this exclusive Hear My Eyes event, Sampa The Great will perform her signature style of neo-soul, hip-hop and spoken word poetry, reinterpreting Jean-Baptiste de Laubier's score into a vibrant, wholly original live soundtrack that gives an exciting new energy to this refreshing celebration of female friendship and empowerment.
- GIRLHOOD -
Shy 16-year-old Mariame is struggling: life at home isn't easy, with her mother rarely in the picture, an abusive, controlling older brother, and two younger sisters who rely on her to look after them. School isn't any better, with Mariame facing the very real prospect of failing. When brash, confident and free-spirited Lady invites Mariame to join her girl gang, the younger teen sees a way to escape the limitations on her life. But despite her new-found sense of freedom and sisterhood, Mariame soon learns that change doesn't come without consequences.
Building on her reputation for assured and astutely observed studies of female adolescence, including Tomboy (MIFF 2011) and Water Lilies, writer/director Céline Sciamma's Girlhood is a beautiful and emotionally affecting coming-of-age story. With her magnetic performance as Mariame, newcomer Karidja Touré marked herself out as an actor to watch, while Sciamma's regular cinematographer Crystel Fournier won awards for making life on the Parisienne margins look so exquisite.
Girlhood screens courtesy of Palace Films.
"Electrifying. One of the films of the year. Confirms Sciamma as quite simply one of the best directors of her generation."
— The Wendy Ide, THE TIMES
"An adrenaline shot – an invigorating and perspicacious exploration of adolescence. A truly mesmerising experience."
— Patrick Gamble, CINEVUE
- SAMPA THE GREAT -
Zambian-born Australian resident Sampa the Great has released two critically acclaimed projects, with her most recent, 2017's Birds and the BEE9, winning the prestigious Australian Music Prize. With a sound that spans spiritually minded gospel to neo-soul and hip-hop, Sampa's music is intertwined with a clearly-defined, no-holds-barred political outlook, and message of healing.
Sampa has performed live supporting the likes of Kendrick Lamar, Lauryn Hill, Thundercat, Joey Bada$$, Ibeyi and Little Simz, while also collaborating with artists like Estelle, REMI and Hiatus Kaiyote.
info@hearmyeyes.com.au


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Q: Django Application stops launching I am trying to launch my Django app that I deployed on heroku some month ago. It has been working all these days until today after I added some pictures. When I tried to launch it, I got an Application Error message. I tried to push it again and it was successfully deployed but it is not launching. What could be the problem, please? Here are the logs.
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595301+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 119, in init_process
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595302+00:00 app[web.1]: self.load_wsgi()
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595302+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 144, in load_wsgi
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595303+00:00 app[web.1]: self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595304+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595304+00:00 app[web.1]: self.callable = self.load()
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595305+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 49, in load
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595305+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.load_wsgiapp()
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595305+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 39, in load_wsgiapp
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595306+00:00 app[web.1]: return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595306+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 358, in import_app
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595307+00:00 app[web.1]: mod = importlib.import_module(module)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595307+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595312+00:00 app[web.1]: return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595313+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595314+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595314+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595314+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595315+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595315+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595315+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/megafishfarms/wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595316+00:00 app[web.1]: application = get_wsgi_application()
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595316+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 12, in get_wsgi_application
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595317+00:00 app[web.1]: django.setup(set_prefix=False)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595317+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 19, in setup
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595317+00:00 app[web.1]: configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595318+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 83, in __getattr__
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595318+00:00 app[web.1]: self._setup(name)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595319+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 70, in _setup
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595319+00:00 app[web.1]: self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595319+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 177, in __init__
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595320+00:00 app[web.1]: mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595320+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595321+00:00 app[web.1]: return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595321+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595321+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595322+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595322+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595323+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595323+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595323+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/megafishfarms/settings.py", line 12, in <module>
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595324+00:00 app[web.1]: import django_heroku
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595324+00:00 app[web.1]: ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'django_heroku'
2020-12-31T10:06:41.595655+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-12-31 10:06:41 +0000] [10] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 10)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606466+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-12-31 10:06:41 +0000] [11] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606468+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606468+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 583, in spawn_worker
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606469+00:00 app[web.1]: worker.init_process()
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606469+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 119, in init_process
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606470+00:00 app[web.1]: self.load_wsgi()
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606470+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 144, in load_wsgi
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606471+00:00 app[web.1]: self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606472+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606472+00:00 app[web.1]: self.callable = self.load()
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606473+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 49, in load
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606473+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.load_wsgiapp()
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606473+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 39, in load_wsgiapp
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606474+00:00 app[web.1]: return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606474+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 358, in import_app
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606474+00:00 app[web.1]: mod = importlib.import_module(module)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606475+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606475+00:00 app[web.1]: return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606476+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606476+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606477+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606477+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606478+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606478+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606478+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/megafishfarms/wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606479+00:00 app[web.1]: application = get_wsgi_application()
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606479+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 12, in get_wsgi_application
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606480+00:00 app[web.1]: django.setup(set_prefix=False)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606480+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 19, in setup
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606480+00:00 app[web.1]: configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606481+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 83, in __getattr__
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606481+00:00 app[web.1]: self._setup(name)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606482+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 70, in _setup
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606482+00:00 app[web.1]: self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606482+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 177, in __init__
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606483+00:00 app[web.1]: mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606483+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606483+00:00 app[web.1]: return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606484+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606484+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606485+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606485+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606485+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606486+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606486+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/megafishfarms/settings.py", line 12, in <module>
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606487+00:00 app[web.1]: import django_heroku
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606495+00:00 app[web.1]: ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'django_heroku'
2020-12-31T10:06:41.606879+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-12-31 10:06:41 +0000] [11] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 11)
2020-12-31T10:06:41.768490+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-12-31 10:06:41 +0000] [4] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
2020-12-31T10:06:41.768597+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-12-31 10:06:41 +0000] [4] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.
2020-12-31T10:06:41.852989+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 3
2020-12-31T10:06:41.890660+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to crashed
2020-12-31T10:06:55.686322+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path="/" host=mbgmegafishfarms.herokuapp.com request_id=332a0fad-79a8-458d-9a42-656ef456ad90 fwd="188.162.48.253" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes= protocol=https
2020-12-31T10:06:55.970032+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path="/favicon.ico" host=mbgmegafishfarms.herokuapp.com request_id=8a3377c5-0aa2-4d98-9a94-aed8d8cfe7ae fwd="188.162.48.253" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes= protocol=https
2020-12-31T10:06:58.532699+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path="/" host=mbgmegafishfarms.herokuapp.com request_id=5b971197-7a4a-45d2-b3bd-81f48ae00a77 fwd="188.162.48.253" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes= protocol=https
2020-12-31T10:06:58.917286+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path="/favicon.ico" host=mbgmegafishfarms.herokuapp.com request_id=a2d183e9-bb55-4faf-a9dc-054550f2a5c0 fwd="188.162.48.253" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes= protocol=https


Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, March 23, 2017 – Orion (www.orioninc.com), a global IT business solutions firm, today announced the acquisitions of New York-based Vernalis Group, Inc. and India-based Vernalis Systems Private Limited (together, "Vernalis"). With this acquisition, Orion further solidifies its presence in the Professional Services industry vertical, and adds a new industry vertical of Global Sports & Entertainment.
Vernalis provides custom software and technology solutions to a variety of enterprise clients in the financial services and professional athletics industries. With consultants located in the United States, India and Australia, the company provides unparalleled expertise in using emerging technologies to simplify and automate complex business processes for its customers. Over the years, Vernalis has established several key, stable and long-standing relationships with marquee customer accounts, therefore adding to Orion's already impressive list of strong customer partnerships.
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Founded in 1999, Vernalis provides custom software and technology solutions to a variety of enterprise clients in the financial services and professional athletics industries. With nearly 400 consultants located in the United States, India and Australia, the company provides unparalleled expertise in using emerging technologies to simplify and automate complex business processes for its customers. For more information, visit www.vernal.is.


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Diversity of water-borne conidial fungi in some freshwater bodies of Kumaun Himalaya in district Nainital (Uttarakhand), India
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DOI https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i4.2370
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Ruchi Jalal
Department of Botany, I.P.G.G.P.G. College of Commerce, Haldwani-263139 (Uttarakhand), India
Saraswati Bisht
Saima Altaf
Anjali Tiwari
The aquatic ecosystem harbours a variety of micro-organisms, among which water-borne conidial fungi occupy an important place. Their occurrence in freshwater habitat has great significance in the decomposition of submerged plant materials, nutrient release and productivity. Their occurrence and frequency to extreme temperatures and pH may have a profound effect on fungal community composition and metabolic activities. The present paper deals with the diversity of conidial aquatic fungi from different unexplored freshwater bodies flowing through different elevations (1000-1500 m) in district Nainital, Kumaun Himalaya. Comparative study of species composition in different seasons, sporulation temperatures and pH conditions was also carried out. In all, 18 species of conidial fungi belonging to 14 genera were recorded, out of which maximum species (11 species) were recorded in both rainy (July to September) and winter seasons (November to December). Anguillospora crassa, Beltrania rhombica, Campylospora chaetocladia, Cylindrocarpon aquaticum, Helicomyces roseus and Tetracladium setigerum were isolated only during rainy season; Alatospora acuminata, Clavariopsis aquatica, Clavatospora tentacula, Lemonniera pseudofloscula, L. terrestris and Tetrachaetum elegans were isolated only during winter season while Lunulospora curvula, L. cymbiformis, Setosynnema isthmosporum, Tetracladium marchalianum and Triscelophorus acuminatus were isolated in both rainy and winter seasons. The preferred pH and the sporulation temperature ranged from 6-7 and 15-20 °? respectively. The results of the present study are clearly indicating fungal species composition variations along pH, temperature, seasonal and altitudinal gradients and the sites selected for this exploratory investigation are being undertaken for the first time.
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Aquatic ecosystems, Bio-monitors, Conidial fungi, Decomposition, Species composition
Bai, Y., Wang, Q., Liao, K., Jian, Z., Zhao, C. and Qu, J. (2018). Fungal Community as a Bioindicator to Reflect Anthropogenic Activities in a River Ecosystem. Frontiers in Microbiology. 9: 3152. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03152.b
Barlocher, F. and Marvanova, L. (2010). Aquatic hyphomycetes (Deutromycotina) of the Atlantic Maritime Ecozone. In: Assessment of Species Diversity in the Atlantic maritime Ecozone. Edited by D.F. Mc Alpine and I.M. Smith. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada. 1-37.
Barlocher, F. (1987). Aquatic hyphomycetes spora in 10 streams of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Botany. 65: 76-79.
Belwal, M. and Sati, S.C. (2001). Seasonal Periodicity of water borne conidial fungi in a freshwater stream at Jeolikot, Kumaun Himalaya. Journal of Indian Botanical Society. 80: 145-149.
Dang, C.K., Schindler, M., Chauvet, E. and Gessener, M.O. (2009). Temperature oscillations coupled with fungal communities can modulate warming effects on litter decomposition. Ecology. 90: 122-131. doi: 10.1890/07-1974.1.
Duarte, S., Fernandes, I., Nogueira, M.J.N., Cassio, F. and Pascoal, C. (2013). Temperature alters interspecific relationships among aquatic fungi. Fungal Ecology. 6: 187-191. doi: 10.1016/j.funeco.2013.02.001.
Gulis, V., Su, R. and Kuehn, K. (2019). Fungal decomposition in freshwater environments. The Structure and Function of Aquatic Microbial Communities. Springer. 7: 121-155. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-16775-2_5
Ingold, C.T. (1942). Aquatic Hyphomycetes of decaying alder leaves. Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 25: 339-417.
Ingold, C.T. (1975). An illustrated guide to aquatic and water borne Hyphomycetes (Fungi imperfecti) with notes on their biology. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication No. 30 England. 96 pp.
Krauss, G.J., Sole, M., Krauss, G., Schlosser, D., Wesenberg, D. and Barlocher, F. (2011). Fungi in freshwaters: ecology, physiology and biochemical potential. Federation of European Microbiological Societies. 620-651. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00266.x.
Pant, P. and Sati, S.C. (2018). Occurrence and distribution of Kumaun Himalayan Aquatic Hyphomycetes: Tetracladium. International Journal of Current Advanced Research. 7 (7): 14100-14105. http.//dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2018.1410 5.25 45.
Pant, P., Koranga, A. and Sati, S.C. (2019). Diversity and distribution of aquatic hyphomycetes in fresh water bodies of Nainital, Kumaun Himalaya, India. The International Journal of Plant Reproductive Biology. 11 (2): 107-113. doi: 10.14787/ijprb.2019.11.2.
Santos-Flores C.J. and Betancourt-Lopez C. (1997). Aquatic and Water-borne Hyphomycetes (Deutromycotina) In Streams of Puerto Rico (including records from other Neotropical locations). Caribbean Journal of Science. (2): 1-116.
Sati, S.C., Tiwari, N. and Belwal, M. (2002). Conidial aquatic fungi of Nainital, Kumaun Himalaya, India. Mycotaxon. 81: 445-455.
Sati, S.C., Bisht, S. and Arya P. (2009). Effect of temperature, pH and light on the growth of some aquatic hyphomycetes. Contribution to the Mycological Progress- Springer. 413-423.
Sati, S.C., and Arya, P. (2009). Occurrence of water borne conidial fungi in relation to some physico-chemical parameters in a fresh water stream. Nature and Science. 7 (4): 20-28.
Sridhar, K.R. and Barlocher, F. (1993). Effect of temperature on growth and survival of free aquatic hyphomycetes. Sydowia. 45:337-387.
Jalal, R., Bisht, S. ., Altaf, S., & Tiwari, A. (2020). Diversity of water-borne conidial fungi in some freshwater bodies of Kumaun Himalaya in district Nainital (Uttarakhand), India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(4), 484-490. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i4.2370
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This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
Ruchi Jalal, Saraswati Bisht, Saima Altaf, Anjali Tiwari, Diversity of water-borne conidial fungi in some freshwater bodies of Kumaun Himalaya in district Nainital (Uttarakhand), India , Journal of Applied and Natural Science: Vol. 12 No. 4 (2020)
Saraswati Bisht, Growth responses of aquatic hyphomycetes to different sources of carbon and nitrogen , Journal of Applied and Natural Science: Vol. 5 No. 2 (2013)
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text:
Alexandria skies in fresh snow conditions at Fergus Falls
The Cardinals were fourth as a team on the girls' side behind three top-13 individual finishers, while Spenser Chinn led the Alexandria boys to a sixth-place finish in the nine-team field.
By Eric Morken
The Alexandria Nordic ski teams were in Fergus Falls on Tuesday to compete in a nine-team event after a fresh snowfall in the morning.
"Teams that were in attendance were Bemidji, Brainerd, Moorhead, Little Falls, Willmar, Wadena, Detroit Lakes, Fergus Falls, and Alexandria," Cardinals' head coach Jeremy Rapp said. "We got to ski on some fresh powder for the day, which made for some interesting conditions while the thermometer hovered around 10 degrees. Junior-varsity skiers did a 4.8-kilometer skate race, while varsity skiers did a 5.1-K skate race."
Jaelyn Miller led the Cardinals to a fourth-place team finish on the girls' side as she was 10th overall in 21:53. Lauren Huber was close behind in 12th (21:59), and Amanda Bergerson was 13th (22:23). Kasey Soderholm (22nd, 23:23), Mackenzie Jurchenko (24th, 24:01), Dulce Bakker (25th, 24:07), Bobbi Nichols (28th, 24:18) and Lauren Englund (35th, 25:26) rounded out the Alexandria varsity lineup.
On the boys' side, Spenser Chinn led the Cardinals to a sixth-place team finish. Chinn was 26th individually in a time of 19:29. Max Chinn finished 30th in 19:44, and Ryker Bosek (40th, 21:12), Cyler Coauette (47th, 23:23) and Owen Gilbertson (50th, 24:57) also skied varsity for Alexandria.
Eric Morken is a sports and outdoor editor at the Echo Press Newspaper in Alexandria, Minnesota, a property of the Forum News Service. Morken covers a variety of stories throughout the Douglas County area, as well as statewide outdoor issues.
Wrestling: Alexandria splits duals at Rocori; BHVPP goes 2-0 in New York Mills
Alexandria earned a win over St. Cloud Tech on Thursday, while Bertha-Hewitt-Verndale-Parkers Prairie earned a win over New York Mills and LPGE-Browerville
By Sam Stuve
Basketball roundup: Brainerd's buzzer-beater sinks Alex boys; WCA boys top Montevideo
The Alexandria boys and Osakis girls lost on Thursday on last-second scores, while the WCA boys and B-E girls picked up close wins and the Osakis boys ran into a tough Eden Valley-Watkins team.
Nordic Skiing: Alexandria girls placed third at Little Falls, boys take seventh
Alexandria saw some success at its final meet before its conference meet.
Boys hockey: Alexandria's hot streak continues with win over Sauk Rapids-Rice
The Cardinals have won four games in a row and have outscored their last four opponents 24-3.
Gophers, Jamison Battle hope his game versus Indiana was breakthrough


BLOOMINGTON, -- Congress may approve health reform legislation this year, but it remains to be seen whether the changes will stem the rising tide of health-care costs that is threatening the U.S. economy, an Indiana University expert writes in a new policy brief.
Eric Wright, director of the IU Center on Health Policy and professor and associate dean of the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, writes about health reform in the August 2009 issue of SPEA Insights.
He says that President Barack Obama's health-reform proposal takes important steps, but it may not change behaviors that lead to high health-care costs.
"Clearly, change is necessary," he writes. "But we also need to address the many social and cultural issues -- many of which are direct outgrowths of our current fragmented system -- behind the problematic ways that both patients and providers use our health care system."
Wright, an active researcher in the areas of health policy and health services, points out that U.S. health-care costs are increasing rapidly. Health care expenditures consumed 16.1 percent of the nation's gross domestic product in 2007 and, at the current rate of growth, are expected to top 20 percent by 2018, according to the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
The president also has proposed a national health insurance exchange to assist individuals and small businesses in purchasing health-care coverage, and he has called for including a "public option" -- that is, a government-run health insurance product available through the exchange.
But it isn't clear that the proposed reforms will deter excessive use of health-care and specialty health services, one of the main drivers of cost increases, Wright says. Both patients and providers are involved in making decisions about health care, he points out. And "cultural beliefs and values," not just their knowledge of costs and effectiveness, influence their choices.
"Of particular importance are cultural beliefs that 'more is better' and 'higher tech care is better care,' which can encourage inappropriate and over-use," he writes.
Wright says there has been a cultural shift in medicine from healing to "doctoring," with productivity concerns causing providers to spend less and less time with patients. To reverse that trend, he said, "will require fundamentally changing the culture of medical practice to value 'healing' over 'treatment,' something not easy to do within a traditional policy perspective on health services."
The complete policy brief can be seen online at http://www.indiana.edu/~spea/pubs/SPEA_insights_3.pdf.


My new podcast has a purpose. It is to Empower!
Wow! We've already made it through the first episode of my new podcast, Women Who Win Empower! It's hard to believe we're now in week two.
Creating a podcast is not a simple task. It requires many hours of your time and a "no turning back" commitment to doing the work to get the show on the air. It's also gratifying to learn and experience the making of a podcast from start to finish.
There are more things to learn and juggle to put the show together than I imagined. There is also joy in knowing they are all doable. More importantly, the guests and the stories they will share with the listeners far outweigh my "growing pains."
I'm having the time of my life meeting and interviewing the women who will be featured. They each bring something very different and unique to the interview conversation.
Missed Episode 001? Click here to listen.
My featured guest this week will share how you can "Write the Book Now!" Don't miss Episode 002 with entrepreneur, author, and educator, Dr. Sharon H. Porter. Listen Wednesday at patbfreeman.com/podcast Want more details? Be sure to listen to the show on Wednesday, June 20th and hear it all from the Dr.!
Be empowered to win every Wednesday with the Women Who Win Empower Podcast at patbfreeman.com/podcast and on iTunes, Stitcher, and SoundCloud. Be sure to Leave a review and subscribe.
Subscribe early and receive a FREE product, tool, or service from the guest and host.
Get My New Book and 90-Day Action Planner! Available on Amazon.
Let's start a conversation. I'd love to hear your feedback. Comment below.


When he was seven, David's first grade teacher gave him a paragraph to read out loud. She interrupted him halfway to proclaim him "The Ringmaster" in his class's musical extravaganza about the circus. He's been using his voice to get out of trouble ever since.
After a few intense years on New York's stages, performing traditional and experimental theater, improv and sketch comedy, he's now settled comfortably in front of the mic in his home studio in Brooklyn. When he's not distracted, he also hosts a podcast about meditation.


Medical Malpractice - Trial Attorneys - Wisell & McGee L.L.P.
You or a loved one may have just left the hospital, but you feel like something is wrong. Maybe you weren't treated right or you believe that someone made an error while receiving treatment. The nurses, physician's assistants, radiology technicians, nurse's aides and doctors employed by the hospital may have made a mistake. Lawyers call this negligence or medical malpractice.
Feeling like something isn't right may not be the fault of the doctor or nurse. This might be the result of something much bigger. This could be a problem with the entire hospital system. A breakdown in the system for diagnosis and treatment of patients like you and your family that needs to be addressed. If a hospital employee makes an error in treating a patient, the hospital is liable for their negligence or malpractice.
If you're not sure if something went wrong, Call us! We will discuss the situation with you and help you to decide if something went wrong and if there is anything we can do to help you.
Partners at Wisell & McGee, L.L.P. have protected patients for over 20 years in medical malpractice cases.
We recently settled a case against Panos. We represented 149 patients against a doctor who made millions of dollars by doing surgeries on people that weren't necessary. We are working against several major insurance companies to get ALL 149 of our clients, in this case, the compensation that they both needed and deserved.
We represented a patient who died at Good Samaritan Hospital because the nursing staff failed to monitor his breathing after administering heavy doses of pain medication. This error by the nurses constituted nursing malpractice and was attributable to her hospital employer.
We also represented a patient who was given the wrong medicine by the hospital pharmacy. The hospital pharmacy was liable for the mistake by the pharmacy in handing out the wrong medicine.
We represented a patient against Jamaica Hospital. The hospital failed to perform emergency surgery when it was indicated. The patient presented to the emergency room with a perforated bowel requiring immediate surgery. The patient was left alone for 12 hours before receiving surgery. The hospital's negligence existed due to the failure of its employees to make sure surgery was done immediately.
Looking back you start to ask yourself, what if we would have known about the cancer earlier? Would we have been able to stop it? Would my husband or wife have been able to live longer to see his grandchildren grow up for a few extra years? Why didn't the doctor notice the cancer earlier? Was it not there? Or did the doctor fail to detect it? Did they misread the mammogram? Did they not look closely enough at the blood work?
You want answer, right!? Call us. We will meet with you and discuss your situation. We will help you to determine if something was left undiagnosed. We can't change the past, but we can do everything possible to protect you and your loved one now to prepare you for the future.
Very often the signs that a patient has cancer are overlooked by a doctor. When a doctor fails to notice the signs that a patient may be suffering from, colon or breast cancer, a medical malpractice case against the doctor who misdiagnosed the cancer may exist. Our office specializes in cases where a doctor fails to diagnose colon cancer, breast cancer, or skin cancer.
We successfully represented a patient who underwent a routine mammogram that demonstrated a suspicious lesion. The radiologist failed to appreciate that the images on the mammogram showed that the patient had breast cancer. The failure to diagnose breast cancer by the radiologist was a medical malpractice case. We obtained a successful settlement for this client based on the doctor's failure to diagnose breast cancer.
Many times a doctor will fail to appreciate the results of blood tests that indicate something is wrong. The failure to appreciate the results of laboratory tests can lead to a misdiagnosis of cancer. Our office represented a patient who's routine blood work revealed a very obvious problem that the doctor failed to notice. Recognition of the problem too late constituted medical malpractice by the doctor.
Sometimes doctors make errors during surgery. Yes, they are trying to save your life, but they don't always prepare themselves and take ALL of the steps necessary to do their job the right way.
No matter what type of work you do, you have to take all of the proper steps to get the job done.
If you are an auto mechanic, you must take all of the steps to repair the vehicle. If you don't, someone can get hurt.
If you are a pharmacist and fail to look at your customer's history and the other medications they are taking, you cannot determine any side effects. If you don't check into this, someone can get hurt.
If you are an Accountant/CPA and don't look at all of your client's financial records before submitting a tax return, someone can get hurt.
Even a successful surgeon can make a mistake if they don't follow all of the steps they are supposed to when performing surgery.
If a surgeon doesn't read a patient's entire medical history before surgery this can result in an improper surgery or inappropriate technique during the surgery. Someone can get hurt or killed because of this.
While performing a surgery a doctor may damage an adjacent organ accidentally. The doctor may fail to notice that the adjacent organ has been injured. Failing to notice that an adjacent organ has been injured during surgery is medical malpractice.
We have represented many clients who have been harmed by surgical mistakes. Notably, in a bowel perforation medical malpractice case, we obtained a $1,500,000.00 verdict. A doctor perforated the colon during a routine gynecological procedure. The malpractice case was based on the failure to notice a bowel perforation had occurred during the surgery.
After a doctor finishes the surgery, they may fail to recognize the signs of infection post-surgery. They may rush to get to their next patient and not properly examine the area of the surgery after they finish the surgery. In every surgery, a risk of infection exists. However, in some cases failure to diagnose post-surgery infection may be medical malpractice.
Our office obtained a settlement for a client who underwent routine hernia surgery that ultimately became infected. The medical malpractice case was based on the doctor's failure to recognize the symptoms of infection.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Let $D$ denote the open unit disk in the complex plane, and $T$ the unit
circle. By $L^\infty$ we mean the space of essentially bounded measurable
functions on $T$ with respect to the normalized Lebesgue measure. We
denote by $H^\infty$ the space of all bounded analytic functions in $D$. Via
identification with boundary functions, $H^\infty$ can be considered as a
uniformly closed subalgebra of $L^\infty$. Any uniformly closed subalgebra $B$
strictly between $H^\infty$ and $L^\infty$  is called a Douglas
algebra. We denote by $M(B)$
the maximal ideal space of a Douglas algebra $B$.  If $C$ is the set of
all continuous functions on $T$, we set $H^\infty+C=\{h+g: h \in
H^\infty,\, g\in C\}$.   Then $H^\infty + C$ becomes the smallest
Douglas algebra containing $H^\infty$ properly.

The function
$$
q(z) = \prod_{n=1}^\infty \frac{|z_n|}{z_n} \frac{z-z_n}{1-\bar z_nz}
$$
is called a Blaschke product if $\sum_{n=1}^\infty (1-|z_n|)$
converges. The set $\{z_n\}_n$ is called the zero set of
$q$ in $D$. Here ${|z_n|}/{z_n} = 1$ is understood whenever $z_n=0$.
We call $q$ an interpolating Blaschke product if
$$
\inf_n \prod_{m:m \neq n} \left | \frac{z_m - z_n}{1-\bar z_nz_m}
\right | > 0.
$$
An interpolating Blaschke product $q$ is called sparse (or thin) if
$$
\lim_{n\to \infty} \prod_{m:m\neq n} \left | \frac{z_m-z_n}{1-\bar
z_nz_m} \right | = 1.
$$

The set $Z(q) = \{x \in M (H^\infty)\setminus D: q(x) = 0\}$ is called
the zero set of $q$ in $M(H^\infty + C)$. Any function $h$ in
$H^\infty$ with $|h|=1$ almost everywhere on $T$ is called an inner
function. Since $|q|=1$ for any Blaschke product, Blaschke products
are inner functions. Let $QC = (H^\infty + C)\cap
\overline{(H^\infty + C)}
\text{ and for } x \in M (H^\infty + C)$, set
$$
Q_x = \{y \in M (L^\infty): f(x) = f(y) \text{ for all } f\in
QC\}.
$$
Then $Q_x$ is called the $QC$-level set for $x$. For $x\in M(H^\infty +
C)$, we denote by $\mu_x$ the representing measure for $x$, and its
support set by $\operatorname{supp}\mu_x$. By $H^\infty[\bar q]$ we mean the
Douglas algebra generated by $H^\infty$ and the complex conjugate of
the function $q$. Since $M(L^\infty)$ is the Shilov boundary for every
Douglas algebra, a closed set $E$ contained in $M(L^\infty)$ is called
a peak set for a Douglas algebra $B$ if there is a function $f$ in  $B$ with
$f=1$ on $E$ and $|f| < 1$ on $M(L^\infty)\setminus E$. A closed set
$E$ is a weak peak set for $B$ if $E$ is the intersection of a family
of peak sets. If the set $E$ is a weak peak set for $H^\infty$ and we
define
$$
H_E^\infty =\{f\in L^\infty: f|_E \in H^\infty|_E\},
$$
then $H_E^\infty$ is a Douglas algebra. For a Douglas algebra $B$,
we define $B_E$ similarly.

For an interpolating Blaschke product $q$ we put $N(\bar q)$ the
closure of
$$
\bigcup\{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x:x\in M(H^\infty + C),\, |q(x)| <1\}.
$$
Then
$N(\bar q)$ is a weak peak set for $H^\infty$. By $N_0(\bar q)$
we denote the closure of $\bigcup \{\operatorname{supp}\mu _x:x\in Z(q)\}$. In
general $N_0(\bar q)$ does not equal $N(\bar q)$, but in this paper
$N_0(\bar q) = N(\bar q)$. For $x\in M(H^\infty)$, we let $E_x = \{y\in
M(H^\infty): \operatorname{supp}\mu_y = \operatorname{supp}\mu_x\}$ and call $E_x$ the level set
of $x$. Since the sets $\operatorname{supp}\mu_x$ and $N(\bar q)$ are weak
peak sets for $H^\infty$, both $H^\infty_{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x}$ and
$H^\infty_{N(\bar q)}$ are Douglas algebras. For the interpolating
Blaschke product $q$, set
$$
A=\bigcap_{x\in M(H^\infty + C)} \{H^\infty_{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x}: |q(x)| < 1\}
$$
and
$$
A_0 = \bigcap\{H^\infty_{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x}:x \in Z(q)\}.
$$
Our assumptions on $q$ throughout this paper imply that
$H^\infty_{N(\bar q)} = A = A_0$ (see \cite{10}). For $x$ and $y$ in
$M(H^\infty)$, the pseudohyperbolic distance $\rho$ is defined by
$$
\rho(x,y)=\operatorname{supp}\{|h(y)|:\|h\|_\infty\leq 1,\, h \in H^\infty,\, h(x)=0\}.
$$
For $x$ and $y$ in $D$, we have
$$
\rho(x,y)=\left | \frac{x-y}{1-\bar y x} \right |.
$$
For $x \in M(H^\infty)$, we define the Gleason part
$P_x$ of $x$ by
$$
P_x = \{y \in M(H^\infty): \rho(x,y)< 1\}.
$$
If $P_x \neq\{x\}$, then $x$ is said to be a nontrivial point.
For the definition of those interpolating Blaschke
products that are of type G and of finite type G, see \cite{8}.

Let $B$ be a Douglas algebra. The Bourgain algebra $B_b$ of $B$
relative to $L^\infty$ is the set of $f$ in $L^\infty$ such that
$\|ff_n +B\|_\infty \to 0$ for every sequence $\{f_n\}$ in $B$ with
$f_n \to 0$ weakly in $B$. An algebra $B$ is called a minimal
superalgebra of an algebra $A$ if $A \subset B$ and  $\operatorname{supp}\mu_x = \operatorname{supp}\mu_y$
for all $x,y \in M(A)\setminus M(B)$. The minimal envelope $B_m$ of a
Douglas algebra $B$ is defined to be the smallest Douglas algebra
that contains all the minimal superalgebras of $B$. The mapping that
assigns to $B$ the Douglas algebra $B_m$ is called the minimal
envelope map.

\section{Conditions for $B_m=B$}

We begin with the following theorem. The case for the Bourgain algebra
$B_b$ has been proven in \cite{15}. The proof used here is quite
different from theirs, and can be used to show that this result also
holds for the Bourgain algebras.

\begin{theorem}
Let $A$ and $B$ be Douglas algebras. Then $(A\cap B)_m = A_m\cap
B_m$.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
Since $A\cap B$ is contained in both $A$ and $B$ by Proposition 6 of
\cite{11}, $(A\cap B)_m$ is contained in both $A_m$ and $B_m$. Hence
$(A\cap B)_m \subset A_m \cap B_m$.

To show that $A_m\cap B_m \subset (A\cap B)_m$, let $\psi$ be an
interpolating Blaschke product such that $\bar\psi \in A_m \cap B_m$.
We show that $\bar\psi \in (A\cap B)_m$. By Theorem D of \cite{11} we
can assume that there is an $x\in M(A)$ and a $y\in M(B)$ such that
$\{\lambda \in M(A):|\psi(\gamma)| < 1\}=E_x$ and
$\{\mu \in M(B):|\psi(\mu)| < 1\} = E_y$. This implies that
$M(A)=M(A[\bar\psi])\cup E_x$ and $M(B)=M(B[\bar\psi])\cup E_y$. Thus
$$
\eqalign{
M(A\cap B) &= M(A)\cup M(B)
            = M(A[\bar\psi])\cup M(B[\bar\psi])\cup E_x \cup E_y\\
           &= M(A[\bar\psi]\cap B[\bar\psi])\cup E_x \cup E_y
            = M((A\cap B)[\bar\psi])\cup E_x \cup E_y.
}
$$
Hence $\{ \omega \in M(A\cap B):|\psi(\omega)|<1\}=E_x \cup E_y$. By
Theorem 3 of \cite{11} we have $\bar{\psi}\in(A\cap B)_m$. Our
theorem follows.
\end{proof}

The following corollaries are immediate consequences of the theorem.

\begin{corollary}
Let $A$ and $B$ be Douglas algebras with $A=A_m$ and $B=B_m$. Then
$A\cap B=(A\cap B)_m$.
\end{corollary}

\begin{corollary}
Let $B_0$ be a Douglas algebra with $(B_0)_m=B_0$ and $B$ be a Douglas
algebra such that there is an interpolating Blaschke product $q$ with
$\{\lambda \in M(B):|q(\lambda)|=1\}\subset M(B_0)$. If $A$ has the property
that $A_m=A$, then $B[\bar q]\cap A = (B[\bar q]\cap A)_m$. In
particular, $H^\infty[\bar\phi]\cap A = (H^\infty[\bar q]\cap A)_m$ for
every interpolating Blaschke product $\phi$.
\end{corollary}

\begin{proof}
The hypothesis $\{\lambda \in M (B): |q(\lambda)|=1\}\subset M(B_0)$
implies that $B_0[\bar q] = B[\bar q]$, hence $[B[\bar q]]_m = B[\bar
q]$. So $B[\bar q]\cap A = (B[\bar q]\cap A)_m$ follows from our
theorem. By Theorem 1 of \cite{2} we have $H^\infty_m = H^\infty + C$, so
$\{\lambda \in M(H^\infty): |\psi(\lambda)|=1\} \subset M (H^\infty +
C)$ for every interpolating Blaschke product. The second part of the
corollary follows.
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem}
Let $B_0$ be a Douglas algebra such that $(B_0)_m = B_0$. Let $B$ be
any other Douglas algebra such that there is an interpolating Blaschke
product $\phi$ with $\{\lambda \in M(B):|\phi(\lambda)|=1\} \subset
M(B_0)$. For an interpolating Blaschke product $q$ set $B_x =
B[\bar\phi]\cap H^\infty_{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x}$ for each $x \in Z(q)$. Put $B_e
= \bigcap\{B_x: x \in Z(q)\}$.

\begin{enumerate}
\item[(i)]  If $q$ is of finite type $G$, then $(B_e)_b = B_e$.
\item[(ii)] If $q$ is the product of a finite number of sparse interpolating
Blaschke products, then $(B_e)_m = B_e$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
We show that $B_e = B[\bar\phi]\cap H^\infty_{N(\bar q)}$. By,
an unpublished result of D. Sarason,
$$
\eqalign{
M(B_e) &= M\Bigl(\bigcap_{x \in Z(q)}B_x\Bigr)
= \overline{\bigcup_{x\in Z(q)}M(B_x)}\\ &
= \overline{\bigcup_{x\in Z(q)}M(B[\bar\phi]\cap H^\infty_{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x})}
=\overline{\bigcup_{x\in Z(q)}(M(B[\bar\phi])\cup
M(H^\infty_{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x}))}\,,\\
M(B_e)&=M(B[\bar\phi])\cup\overline{\bigcup_{x\in
Z(q)}M(H^\infty_{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x})}\,.}
$$

Now, if $q$ is of finite type $g$, Proposition 1 of \cite{9}
and Theorem 3.2(i) of \cite{8} imply
$
\bigcap_{x\in Z(q)} H^\infty_{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x} = H^\infty_{N(\bar q)}.
$
Thus
$$
\overline{\bigcup_{x\in Z(q)}M(H^\infty_{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x})}=M(H^\infty_{N(\bar q)})
$$
and we get
$$
\eqalign{
M(B_e) &= M(B[\bar\phi])\cup M(H^\infty_{N(\bar q)})\\
       &= M(B[\bar\phi]\cap H^\infty_{N(\bar q)}).
}
$$
So by the Chang--Marshall Theorem \cite{1, 13} we have $B_e =
B[\bar\phi]\cap H^\infty_{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x}.$

The condition $\{\lambda\in M(B): |\phi(\lambda)|=1\} \subset M( B_0)$
implies that $B[\bar\phi]=B_0[\bar\phi]$. Hence $[B[\bar\phi]]_m =
[B_0[\bar\phi]]_m = [B_0]_m[\bar\phi]=B_0[\bar\phi]=B[\bar\phi]$,
where the middle equality follows from Theorem 4 of \cite{11}. By
theorem 1 of \cite{7} (and its proof) we have $(H^\infty_{N(\bar
q)})_b=H^\infty_{N(\bar q)}$ if $q$ is of finite type $G$. Thus
$$
(B_e)_b=(B[\bar\phi]\cap H^\infty_{N(\bar q)})_b =
B[\bar\phi]\cap H^\infty_{N(\bar q)} = B_e.
$$
This proves (i).

Now if $q$ is the product of a finite number of sparse Blaschke
products, then again by Theorem 1 of \cite{7} we have $(H^\infty_{N(\bar
q)})_m=H^\infty_{N(\bar q)}$, and so $(B_e)_m=B_e$. This proves
(ii).
\end{proof}

\begin{corollary}
Suppose the hypothesis of Theorem 2 holds if $\phi=q$. Then $B_e=B$, and:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[(i)] $B = (B)_b$ if $q$ is of finite type $G$;
\item[(ii)]
$B = B_m$ is the product of a finite number of sparse Blaschke products.
\end{enumerate}
\end{corollary}

\begin{theorem}

Let $B$ be a Douglas algebra and let $E$ be a peak set for $B$. Then
$(B_E)_m = B_E$.

\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Since $E$ is a peak set for $B$, there is a function $f \in B$ such
that $f=1$ on $E$ and $|f|< 1$ on $M(L^\infty)\setminus E$. By
\cite[p.~39]{3} we have
$$
M(B_E) = \{x\in M(B):\operatorname{supp}\mu_x \subseteq E\}\cup M(L^\infty)
       = \{x\in M(B): f(x)=1\}\cup M(L^\infty).
$$
Let $I$ be any interpolating Blaschke product such that $Z(I)\cap
M(B_E)\neq\emptyset$.  We will show that there is an uncountable set
$\Gamma\subset Z(I)\cap M(B_E)$ such that $E_\alpha\neq E_\beta$ for
distinct $\alpha,\beta\in\Gamma$. Let $\{z_n\}$ be the zero sequence
of $I$ in $D$ and $y\in Z(I)\cap M(B_E)$. Since $y\in Z(I)$, there is
a subsequence $\{z_{n_k}\}$ of $\{z_n\}$ such that $z_{n_k}\to y$.
Since $y\in M(B_E)$, we have $f(z_{n_k})\to 1$.  Let $I_1$ be the
factor of $I$ such that $\{z_{n_k}\}$ is the zero sequence of $I_1$.
Then
$$
Z(I_1) = \overline{\{z_{n_k}\}}\setminus\{z_{n_k}\}
$$
and since $Z(I_1)$ is equivalent to the \v Cech compactification
of the integers, $Z(I_1)$ is an uncountable set. Since $f(z_{n_k})\to
1$, we have that $f=1$ on $Z(I_1)$. Thus $Z(I_1)\subset Z(I)\cap
M(B_E)$, and so $Z(I)\cap M(B_E)$ is an infinite set. To show that
$\Gamma$ exists, take a subsequence
$\{z_{n_{k_0}}\}$ of $\{z_{n_k}\}$ such that $\{z_{n_{k_0}}\}$ is a
sparse Blaschke sequence in $D$ (see \cite{4}). Let $I_0$ be the
sparse Blaschke product whose zero sequence in $D$ is
$\{z_{n_{k_0}}\}$. Then, by Theorem 1 of \cite{12}, we have
$$
N(I_0)=\bigcup_{x\in Z(I_0)}Q_x.
$$
Since $Z(I_0)$ is uncountable, Lemma 4 of \cite{12} says that
$Q_x\neq Q_y$ for distinct $x,y \in Z(I_0)$. This
implies that $\operatorname{supp}\mu_x\cap\operatorname{supp}\mu_y=\emptyset$ and $E_x\neq E_y$.
Set $\Gamma = Z(I_0)$. Then
$$
\bigcup_{\alpha\in\Gamma}E_\alpha\subseteq\{\lambda\in M(B_E):|I(\lambda)| <
1\}.
$$
By Theorem 3 of \cite{11}, $\bar{I}\not\in(B_E)_m$. This shows
that $(B_E)_m = B_E$.
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem}

Let $A$ be a Douglas algebra and let $\{q_n\}$ be a sequence of
interpolating Blaschke products such that $\overline{q_n}\not\in A$
for every $n$. Let $B = A[\overline{q_n}; n=1,2,3\ldots]$. Then
$B_m=B$.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
Since $M(B)=\{\lambda\in M(A):|q_{n(\lambda)}|=1, \,n=1,2,\ldots\}$, we
can define the function $F$ on $M(H^\infty)$ as
$$
F(x)=\sum^\infty_{n=1}\frac{1}{2^n}|q_n(x)|.
$$
Then $F=1$ on $M(B)$ and $|F|<1$ on $M(H^\infty)\setminus M(B)$. Let
$C$ be any interpolating Blaschke product such that $Z(C)\cap
M(B)\neq\emptyset$. Let $\{z_n\}$ be the zero sequence of $C$ in $D$.
As in the proof of Theorem 3 we can find a sparse subsequence
$\{z_{n_k}\}$ of $\{z_n\}$ such that $F=1$ on
$\overline{\{z_{n_k}}\}\setminus\{z_{n_k}\}$. If we set $C_1$ to be
the factor of $C$ whose zero sequence in $D$ is $\{z_{n_k}\}$, then as
in the proof of Theorem 3 we can show that $E_{\alpha}\neq
E_{\beta}$ for distinct $\alpha, \beta\in Z(C_1)$, and
$$
\bigcup_{\alpha\in Z(C_1)}E_{\alpha}\subset\{\lambda\in
M(B):|C \lambda | < 1\}.
$$
So, by Theorem 3 of \cite{11}, we have
$\bar C\not\in B_m$. This implies that $B_m = B$.
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem}
Let $\{q_n\}$ be a sequence of interpolating Blaschke products not
invertible in a Douglas algebra $A$. Suppose that for each $n$ there is a
Douglas algebra $A_n$ with $(A_n)_m = A_n$ and
$$
\{\lambda\in M(A):|q_n(\lambda)|=1\}\subset M(A_n).
$$
Let $B=\bigcap^\infty_{n=1}A[\bar q_n]$. Then $B_m=B$.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
Since $B\subseteq A[\bar q_n]$ for $n=1, 2 \ldots$, by
Proposition 6 of \cite {11} we have
$B_m\subseteq(A[\bar q_n])_m$. Hence
$$
B_m\subseteq\bigcap^\infty_{n=1}(A[\overline {q}_n])_m.
$$
To show that
$B_m=B$ it suffices to show that
$(A[\bar q_n])_m=A[\bar q_n]$ for all $n$. Since
$\{\lambda\in M(A): |q_n(\lambda)|=1\}\subset M(A_n)$, we have
$A[\bar q_n]=A_n[\bar q_n]$. So using Theorem 4 of
\cite{11} we have
$$
(A[\bar q_n])_m = (A_n[\bar q_n])_m
                      = (A_n)_m[\bar q_n]
                      = A_n[\bar q_n]
                      = A[\bar q_n].
$$
Thus $B_m\subseteq\bigcap^\infty_{n=1}(A[\bar q_n])_m
=\bigcap^\infty_{n=1}A[\bar q_n]=B$.
\end{proof}

\begin{corollary}
If $B=\bigcap^\infty_{n=1}H^\infty[\bar q_n]$, then $B_m=B$.
\end{corollary}

\begin{theorem}
Let $B$ be a Douglas algebra. Then $B\subset B_m$ if and only if there
exists a point $x\in M(B)$ whose level set $E_x$ is an open
subset in $M(B)$.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
Let $B\subset B_m$. By Theorem D of \cite {11} there exists an
interpolating Blaschke product $\phi$ such that $\{\lambda\in
M(B):|\phi(\lambda)| < 1 \} = E_x$ for some $x\in M(B)$. By Lemma
9(ii) of \cite{11}, $E_x$ is an open subset of $M(B)$.

Suppose that $B=B_m$. Then for every $y\in M(B)$ and every
interpolating Blaschke product $q$ with $q(y)=0$ the set $Z(q)\cap
M(B)$ contains an infinite subset $\Gamma$ such that $E_\alpha\neq
E_\beta$ for all distinct $\alpha, \beta\in\Gamma$, and
$$
\bigcup_{\alpha\in\Gamma} E_\alpha = \{\lambda\in M(B):|q(\lambda)| < 1\}.
$$
We'll show that there is a subset $\{x_\sigma\}_{\sigma\in A}$ of
$\Gamma$ such that
$y\in\overline{\{x_\sigma\}}_{\sigma\in A}\setminus\{y\}$,
that is,
$$
E_y\subseteq\overline{\{E_\alpha\}}_{\alpha\in\{\Gamma\setminus\{y\}\}}.
$$
Suppose to the contrary that
$E_y\not\subset\overline{\{E_\alpha\}}_{\alpha\in\{\Gamma\setminus\{y\}\}}$.
Then $\overline{\{E_\alpha\}}_{\alpha\in\{\Gamma\setminus\{y\}\}}$
and $\{y\}$ are two closed disjoint subsets of $M(H^\infty)$. Choose
neighborhoods $V$ of
$\overline{\{E_\alpha\}}_{\alpha\in\{\Gamma\setminus\{y\}\}}$
and $U$ of $\{y\}$ such that $\bar U\cap\bar V=\emptyset$.
Let $q_1$ be the the factor of $q$ with zeros in $U\cap D$.
Then we see that $Z(q_1)\cap M(B)\subset E_y$ and $\{\lambda\in
M(B):|q_1(\lambda)|< 1\} = E_y$. Thus $\bar{q}_1\in B_m\setminus
B$, which is a contradiction. Hence
$$
E_y\subset\overline{\{E_\alpha\}}_{\alpha\in\{\Gamma\setminus\{y\}\}}.
$$
Thus there is a subset $\{x_\sigma\}_{\sigma\in A}\subset\Gamma$ such
that $x_\sigma \to y$, and $x_\sigma\not\in E_y$ for all $\sigma\in
A$. This implies that $M(B)\setminus E_y$ is not a closed subset of
$M(H^\infty)$. Thus $E_y$ is not an open subset of $M(B)$. This proves
our theorem.
\end{proof}

I have been unable to answer the following two questions, which I
close with.

\begin{question}
Find an $x\in M(H^\infty + C)\setminus M(L^\infty)$ such that
$H^\infty_{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x} = (H^\infty_{\operatorname{supp}\mu_x})_m$ (if such an $x$
exists).
\end{question}

\begin{question}
Find a Douglas algebra $B$ such that $B\subsetneq B_b\subsetneq B_m$
(if such a Douglas algebra exists).
\end{question}

An immediate consequence of Theorem 6 above and Theorem 7 of \cite{14},
related to Question 2, is the following:

\begin{theorem}
Let $B$ be a Douglas algebra. Then $B=B_b\subsetneq B_m$ if and only
if for all $x\in M(B)$ the set $P_x$ is not open in $M(B)$ but for
some $x\in M(B)$ the set $E_x$ is an open subset in $M(B)$.
\end{theorem}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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As we were heading home one year from British Columbia, we were at cruise speed and the starboard engine slowly lost power, causing the boat to turn to starboard. Having logged thousands of hours cruising north to Alaska and northern B.C., we had, unfortunately, encountered situations similar to this.
As the engine slowed, I first looked to the gauges — no overheating or oil concerns. Next, I slowed the port engine and made sure there were no immediate traffic concerns. My wife, Candy, had been away from the wheel, but she took control of the helm. I went to the engine room, took a quick look and ascertained that everything looked safe. But, why had the starboard engine slowed?
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