text:
16 Fastest Cars In The World In 2022
in Cars
Top speed is an ever-changing goalpost in the world of motor vehicles. The advancement of engine technology and design, aerodynamics, onboard electronics, and fuel quality allow increasingly faster top speeds for modern cars.
Most of the fastest cars in 2022 are supercars or hypercars, which are extremely expensive, but many fast cars are within the reach and budget of almost anyone. Modern cars are faster than they have ever been in the past, and there is more yet to come.
The quest for speed in the modern car is driven by the rapid advancement of technology, materials, design, and fuels that allow the top speed of automobiles to increase year after year. We will examine the fastest cars of 2022 in several different classes to get an idea of the shift in top speeds.
Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+
SSC Tuatara
Koenigsegg Agera RS
Hennessey Venom F5
Aston Martin Valkyrie
Lamborghini Aventador SVJ
Ferrari SF90 Stradale
Bentley Flying Spur Mulliner
Maserati Ghibli Trofeo
Mercedes AMG A 45 S
Rimac Nevera
Pininfarina Battista
Fastest Supercars In 2022
Supercars are how humans can flex their engineering muscles and push the speed limits in production cars.
The competition for the fastest production supercar in 2022 is hotly contended by some truly beautifully designed cars with more power than you could ever use on a public road.
However, these pinnacles of engineering achievement lay the groundwork for technological advancements in the rest of the automotive industry.
Top speed: 304.7 mph / 490 kph
Acceleration: 0-60mph in 2.2 seconds
Bugatti has long been known for its commitment to producing top-quality superfast production cars, and the Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+ continues the Bugatti legend.
The Super Sport 300+ improves the standard Chiron with modified aerodynamics and bodywork. These improvements perfect the balance between low drag and better downforce, improving the car's performance at the upper end of its top speed capability.
The Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+ is powered by a massive 8.0-liter engine, developing 1600HP, allowing this magnificent car to reach a top speed of 304.77 mph or 490.48 kph. This achievement makes the Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+ the first production car to break the magical 300mph barrier.
The Super Sport 300+ production is limited to 50 cars, and the model version sold to the public will be limited to 273 mph or 439 kph. As an owner of one of these Bugatti Chirons, however, you can take your car to their test track, have a roll cage fitted to your car, and have the engine limiter removed to experience the car's top speed under controlled conditions.
The Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+ may be the current fastest car in 2022, but there are several other supercars hot on the heels of the Bugatti.
A 2020 SSC Tuatara supercar
Top speed: 295 mph / 474.75 kph
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in 2.5 seconds
SSC is a car manufacturer that not many people have heard of, but this American car company has a heritage of building muscle car engines. The Shelby name may be a little more familiar to most car enthusiasts than the SSC acronym, which stands for Shelby Super Cars.
The SSC Tuatara is the latest street-legal supercar from the American car company. It is hot on the heels of the Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+ to claim the title of the fastest supercar.
During initial tests, the SSC Tuatara has clocked in with a top speed of 295mph or 474.75 kph, with the design team stating the car is only just getting going at this speed.
The car achieved the 295 mph top speed over a distance of 2.3 miles at the Space Florida Laund and Landing Facility. The acceleration of the Tuatara is 0-60 mph in the almost blink of an eye speed of 2.5 seconds.
SSC is committed to working on the designs to make this car a 300+ car to rival the Bugatti Chiron. The current impressive performance of the Tuatara is accredited to its superb aerodynamics, giving the car a drag coefficient of 0.279, which is the lowest in any other car of its class.
The engine in the SSC Tuatara is a 5.9-liter V8 twin-turbocharged monster producing 1350 hp on 91 octane fuel and 1750 hp on E85, or ethanol.
The transmission is a 7-speed electronically assisted manual transmission, with the transmission electronics having its own dedicate microprocessor for precision gearbox and clutch engagement. The car is only available in a rear-wheel-drive configuration.
A Koenigsegg Agera supercar
Top speed: 285 mph / 458 kph
Koenigsegg is a Swedish car manufacturer with many years of experience developing performance cars.
The Koenigsegg Agera RS is not a new model, with its first launch being in 2018, when it was the fastest car on the market. A testament to the engineering of this car is that it still ranks at number 3 of the world's fastest cars in 2022, 4 years after its first release.
The Koenigsegg Agera is powered by a 5.0-liter V8 motor, producing 1176 hp, capable of accelerating the car from 0-62 mph in 2.8 seconds and taking the Agera to a top speed of 285 mph or 458 kph.
Koenigsegg has a new car in the wings, the Koenigsegg Jesko, which will be available to the public at the end of 2022.
The company specs on the car suggest it will be faster than the Agera.
Fastest Sports Cars In 2022
Sports cars are the dream of many car enthusiasts, with the likes of Ferrari, Lamborghini, and Lotus being some of the manufacturers in this class.
Sports cars are more affordable for the general public and deliver on the performance, speed, and adrenalin-rush driving lacking in other, more sensible road cars. Modern sportscars are born on the track, with engine technology, aerodynamics, and electronics borrowed from F1 racing technology to boost the performance of these street cars.
Top speed: 272 mph / 437.7 kph
Hennessey Performance Engineering is an American sports car manufacturer that usually specializes in modifying other cars to make them faster, from muscle cars to pickup trucks.
The company has begun producing its own superfast cars in launching out the Venom range, and the F5 is the latest in the Venom offering. This Venom model is named after the F5 tornado classification, and it surely goes like the wind.
The lines are sleek and aerodynamic, as you would expect from a sportscar, and the violent 6.6-liter V8 motor powers it to 272 mph or 437.7 kph. The company has aspirations to take this car to the 300+ mile-an-hour mark and has enlisted the help of Penzoil and Shell to achieve their goal.
The car accelerates from 0-60 mph in as little as 2.6 seconds, driving you into the back of your seat as you hit the gas. Only 24 of the Venom F5s will be built, and they have a hefty price tag of $1.6 million.
If you have ever wanted to drive the Batmobile, then the Aston Martin Valkyrie is probably the closes you will ever come. The car looks like it will fit right in in the Batcave, and it will come screaming like a bat out of hell with a top speed of 220 mph or 354 kph.
The British car manufacturer Aston Martin wanted to make this car as close to a Formula One car as they could while still keeping it street-legal.
The car is powered by a Cosworth V12 6.5-liter powerhouse engine, developing 1000hp. The unusual aspect of the engine is that it is naturally aspirated, not relying on any turbos or superchargers to enhance the performance.
The car is supplied in 3 versions, the Coupe, Spider, and AMR Pro. The AMR Pro is the track version, and only 25 units of this version have been produced since it is not a street-legal car.
The rectangular steering wheel is another design element in keeping with the Formula One feel and features a screen in the center of the steering wheel to replace the traditional gauge cluster.
The screens to the left and right of the dashboard display the feed from the cameras replacing the side mirrors on standard cars. A central console screen also displays vehicle information to the driver regarding the car's performance.
The Aston Martin Valkyrie has limited space in the two-seater cockpit, and each seat is designed to order for the owner using a 3D scan of the owner's body shape. Once you order this car, stay away from the donut shop, or you may have an uncomfortable ride.
Lamborghini Aventador SVJ Roadster
Italian car manufacturer Lamborghini has been producing exquisite sportscars since 1963 but is currently owned by the German Volkswagen Group. The German ownership has not diminished the red-blooded Italian designs of the cars coming out of the factory.
The Lamborghini Aventador SVJ is the successor to the much-acclaimed Murcielago and is a worthy replacement.
The Aventador has much more aggressive lines than the Murcielago and is powered by a 6.5-liter V12 engine. The engine pushes the Aventador SVJ to a top speed of 217 mph or 349.2 kph, with acceleration off the line from zero to 62 mph or 100 kph in 2.9 seconds.
There are several releases of the Aventador, with the SVJ series being Lamborghini's latest and fastest offering.
Everyone, car aficionado or not, is familiar with the Italian car manufacturer Ferarri. The company has been building exotic sportscars since 1939, often leading the pack in terms of style and performance in their cars.
The Ferarri SF90 Stradale is a break from the traditions at Ferarri in that the car is a hybrid. When the car is placed in eDrive mode, it is powered only by the electric motors, but in hybrid mode, both the electric and combustion motors are engaged.
The Stradale's onboard computer controls the balance between the two forms of motors and controls which motor is used depending on the demands placed on the car.
The combustion engine is a 4.0-liter twin-turbocharged V8 motor producing 769 hp at 7500 rpm. The combined motors put the Ferarri SF90 Stradale to a top speed of 211mph or 340 kph, accelerating from 0-62mph in 2.5 seconds.
The complexity of producing a hybrid that can achieve these speeds is a technological feather in Ferarri's cap.
Fastest Sedans In 2022
Sedans are not the first type of car that comes to mind when fast cars are mentioned. However, many sedans in 2022 feature the same high-performance engines, transmissions, and electronics as their flashier counterparts in the automotive world.
What slows them down is the additional weight and bulk required in a sedan design, but don't be fooled into thinking that these cars are only capable of a sedate commute to the office.
Bently is not a car manufacturer one normally associates with speed but rather with the sedate transportation of business people, presidents, celebrities, and royalty to meetings and functions.
The Bently Flying Spur Mulliner breaks the mold in this category. It is the fastest sedan on the market, but it does not compromise on luxury in the cabin.
This Bently features a twin-turbo 6.0-liter V8 powerhouse engine and is a powerful beast assisted with all the latest driving electronics and performance-enhancing systems of a supercar.
The Bently Flying Spur Mulliner reaches a top speed of 207 mph or 333 kph, but even at this speed, it feels less like a white-knuckle ride and more like a fast commute.
The British-made Bently may be the fastest sedan of 2022, but this car comes at a hefty price that steers all but the elite to opt for an alternative fast sedan.
German car manufacturer BMW has long been associated with creating luxurious, well-engineered sedans. BMWs have become common in corporate parking lots, and many see these cars as plain and uninspiring.
The BMW Alpina B7 changes that mindset with one of the fastest sedans to be produced in 2022. The B7 takes corporate motoring to a new level of class, innovation, comfort, and performance.
The BMW Alpina B7 sports a 4.4-liter V8 engine with twin turbochargers, propelling the B7 to a top speed of 205 mph or 329 kph. The acceleration peaks at 0 to 60mph in 3.5 seconds.
This BMW model is one of the fastest sedans in 2022, but it will no longer hold that title in 2023 since 2022 is the last year that BMW will be producing the Alpina B7.
The German manufacturer is promising better, and hopefully faster, things for the new year.
Maserati Ghibli GT
The Maserati is a sleek sedan that any executive would be proud to drive, offering exquisite luxury and comfort in the sedan. However, this sporty-looking sedan has a few surprises when you put your foot down on the gas.
A twin-turbo Ferrari V8 3.8-liter engine powers the Italian Maserati Ghibli Trofeo. The racehorse heritage of the engine becomes apparent when you unleash the beast and hit the accelerator.
The exhaust roars like a sportscar, and the Ferrari motor takes the Maserati Ghibli Trofeo to a top speed of 203 mph or 326 kph. The 0-60mph acceleration will push you into the seat at 0-60mph in only 3.7 seconds.
The Ghibli Trofeo is a rear-wheel drive car which can make it a little twitchy when taking corners at speed, especially for drivers unfamiliar with rear-wheel drive configurations.
Fastest Hatchbacks In 2022
Hatchbacks can be produced in sports configurations that allow these generally unassuming car designs to reach some truly surprising top speeds.
Hatchbacks are often customized for racing in various motorsport sectors and can deliver an exhilarating ride as a production car.
Fast hatchbacks are often referred to as hot hatches due to their blistering speed and power. While Audi is not normally associated with hatchback models, the RS3 is a testament to the general increasing public interest in compact cars.
The 2022 model RS3 has seen significant improvements over the 2021 model in terms of speed and performance upgrades.
Audi has increased the speed over the 2021 model by creating engine parts out of aluminum to reduce weight and tuning the 2.5 liter motor to produce 395 bhp.
The 2022 Audi RS3 also features the 4WD system more typical of the Quattro, but the electronics have been upgraded to distribute the engine power to the wheels better.
These improvements have made the Audi RS3 the fastest hatchback in 2022.
Mercedes-AMG A-class 45 S
The Mercedes AMG A 45 S is one of the fastest hot hatches of 2022, and it certainly looks the part. This car's standard production livery makes it look like it belongs on a race track rather than urban and suburban streets.
The AMG A45S features a 2.0-liter turbo-assisted engine with an all-new designed engine block, developing 415bhp.
The Mercedes AMG A45S reaches a top speed of 167 mph or 268.7 kph and accelerates from 0 to 62 mph in 3.9 seconds.
The A45 has an improved 4WD gearbox, and upgraded electronics provide better power distribution and traction control than the 2021 A35 model.
VW has been invested in the hatchback market for a long time, and its iconic Golf GTi was the epitome of a hot hatch.
The VW Golf R has superseded the GTi and taken its place as the fastest VW hatchback.
The Golf R features a 2.0-liter turbocharged engine, with the engine power delivered to all 4 wheels via the 7-speed DSG transmission.
The VW Golf R may not look as sporty as the other top contenders for the fastest hatchback of 2022, but the meek appearance belies this hot hatch's surprising power and performance.
Fastest Electric Cars In 2022
Electric cars are advancing rapidly in technology and performance, making them serious contenders in the speed metrics. We have all heard of Tesla and other electric cars, but the fastest electric car may be one you have never heard of before.
The Remac Nevera is a Croatian-built electric car produced in the Rimac production plant outside of the city of Zagreb.
The Nevera began breaking records in 2021 when the car became the fastest-accelerating electric car in the world.
The new generation motors in the Rimac Nevera can accelerate the car from 0-60 mph in 1.8 seconds and 0-100 mph in 4.3 seconds.
The Rimac Nevera has since gone on to claim the title of the fastest electric car in 2022 by reaching a top speed of 258 mph or 412 kph, leaving most other production electric cars in its dust.
The Nevera reached its top speed on road-legal Michelin Cup 2R tires, making the feat of reaching a top speed of over 200 mph an even more impressive achievement.
As a production car, the Nevera is delivered to buyers with the top speed limited to 219 mph, or 352 kph, since faster speeds require a specialized team to set the car up safely.
The research and development that Tesla has put into electric cars mean that they will always have cars competing in the top five for performance and speed.
The new Roadster model from Tesla is not far behind the Rimac Nevera in terms of top speed and performance.
The new Tesla Roadster reaches a top speed of 254.7 mph or 410 kph and accelerates 0-60 mph in 1.9 seconds.
Italian car manufacturer Pininfarina has produced an electric car that is as fast as it looks. The Pininfarina Battista is a limited-production car produced by the company in 2022.
As the third fastest electric car in 2022, the Battista can reach a breathtaking 217 mph or 349 kph and an acceleration of 0-60 mph in 1.8 seconds.
The Battista uses the same powerhouse as the Rimac Nevera, and Rimac consulted heavily with Pininfarina in the development of the Battista.
Only 150 cars are scheduled to be produced by the Italian manufacturer, so if you are interested in acquiring one of these beauties, you may have to search for a while.
TwitterFacebookPinterestWhatsAppEmail
Previous article 11 Types Of Limos Explained (With Photos)
Next article 5 Types of Electric Bicycles (E-Bikes) Explained
More From: Cars
10 Best Adventure Cars For Outdoor Explorers
18 Types of Sedans Explained (With Photos)
11 Types Of Limos Explained (With Photos)
9 Types Of Sunroof Explained (With Photos)
5 Types of Electric Bicycles (E-Bikes) Explained
9 Different Types Of Car Lifts Explained (With Photos)
10 Types Of Truck Winches Explained (With Photos)
15 Different Types Of Motorsports Explained
© 2023 by LemonBin Vehicle Guides


Join Service Disabled Veteran Owned Business (SDVOB) Tully Rinckey PLLC for a networking breakfast with other veteran business owners!
This month, we will be joined by AXA Advisors, LLC Financial Consultant, Jacob Petion. Jacob will lead a presentation on financial strategies for your business, and how to make the most out of your money. He will cover topics such as: the advantages of smart financial management, overcoming obstacles to success, and the many components of financial management.
Jacob is a US Army Combat Veteran with multiple tours in the Middle East. He has earned the Army Commendation Medal for leadership, and the Combat Action Patch for his role in the battle of Sadr City, and the Good Conduct Medal. After being honorably discharged, Jacob completed his BA in Economics, with a minor in French Literature at York College/CUNY. Jacob currently works as a Financial Consultant at AXA Advisors, LLC. He incorporates the same Army values, such as integrity, honor, and duty, into his practice. Jacob focuses on helping his clients meet their short and long-term goals and achieving financial independence.
This is a free event open to all veteran businesses- both certified and non certified. Attendees will have the opportunity to network and hold round table discussions with other veteran business owners in our Albany, Buffalo, Washington D.C., Syracuse, Rochester, Binghamton and Manhattan offices. Coffee and light fare will be served. Please contact Cassidy Herman at Tully Rinckey PLLC with any questions at 518-218-7100 or CHerman@tullylegal.com.


The spirit of wabi-sabi & simplicity can feed both our souls and memories.Reverence and respect for things that are handmade ; finding new meaning and purpose for discarded objects ; and the presence of nothing more than is necessary, meaningful or beautiful (and the wisdom to know the difference) are defining elements of a wabi sabi.
Christmas is just around the corner. But, pretty please first take a deep breathe with me and feel a sense of calm.
Relax your mind and re-center on the moment.
I know you likely have a to-do-list that goes to the moon and back : but try to think about Christmas / Winter Solstice time in a much less agitated way. Recenter on the way you want to feel and experience this celebrating moments rather than follow the craziness around you.
This post will help you create a more meaningful way of hosting your guests and bringing soul to your Christmas / New Year Eve table setting. Time to create your own personal Holiday Spirit !
To make things easy for you I rounded up some simple ideas that are festive yet bring mindfulness with an organic modern look to help inspire you.
This year dare the mindful minimalist organic table look !
It is ALL about understanding what TRULY winter is.
Once again, Scandinavian and Wabi Sabi will be my guide for this table stetting eye candy special blog post.
Wabi-sabi is the Japanese art of finding beauty in imperfection and insight from nature. Wabi (harmony) and sabi (simplicity) chooses humility over ostentation, asceticism over extravagance. When you embrace this way of living, you naturally choose handmade / vintage objects made with wood, clay or textiles over those manufactured with plastic.
Reverence and respect for things that are hand crafted ; finding new meaning and purpose for discarded objects : this is what Wabi Sabi is all about.
Sadly, by looking at people shopping around me these days, you can tell that some kind of Christmas fever caught on fire for the past 3 weeks : multitude of holiday-themed paraphernalia and more plastic and soul deprived objects than I could even imagined (and I did not dare to venture in toys stores).
"Minimalist Holiday Celebration with Soul is experienced, hand made, home cooked rather than purchased.
It helps us to create a "white space" in our hearts, minds and calendars in order to experience this lovely time of the year.
But let's not forget to let our own personality shine through!
This should also reflects in our home and on our festive table.
How do you incorporate rustic or reclaimed materials into your home?
Easily as long as you are ready for a bit of a mind shift if you this has not been your traditional way of celebrating so far.
As I mentioned in this blog post ", all we need need is tune in with Mother nature around us and bring some of her simple beauty and colors inside.
Both Wabi Sabi and Scandinavian consist of rustic beauty, for things both manmade and natural and to the idea that things become more beautiful and valuable over time. Cracks in the rough grain of a wood tabletop and natural hardwoods; the asymmetry and irregularity of mix-matched vintage chairs; and soft, earth-toned paint palettes are imperfectly perfect examples of the wabi sabi style.
Worn, weathered decorative pieces full with personal meaning; ornamentation reclaimed directly from Mother Nature ; and an eternal sense of modesty and humility that gives a living space a special intimacy . This season, let's embrace the mindful wabi sabi way of design and table setting.
Earth tone colors palette, grey +white+ black accents.
YOU SO YOU CAN TRY THIS AT HOME.
What part of Holiday Seasons (Winter Solstice/ Christmas/New year Eve) can you improve?
Is it lovingly teaching your family and children that this year you are going to try have a greener and more soulful Celebration time ?
Share this blog post on Facebook following the easy link right below. I love to read your comments, so don't hesitate to do so on my Facebook Page on how you plan to have a more mindful and meaning Holiday Celebrations this year.


text:
Toggle Solutions sub navigation
Firefly Hub
Firefly on Teams
Behaviour and Motivation
Toggle Your School sub navigation
Toggle About sub navigation
Toggle Resources sub navigation
Try Firefly
Log in to Firefly
Back to case study listing
How two GDST schools managed to increase parent responses through timely and targeted comms
It has always been a challenge to get parent engagement right - there are so many channels and news updates across different years groups and clubs, as well as varied types of communication - some which are more urgent than others.
South Hampstead High School and Wimbledon High School are both part of the GDST group, a unique family of 25 schools catering for girls aged 3 to 18. It is the largest group of independent schools in the UK, and educates 20,000 girls each year.
A pivotal moment for South Hampstead High School was when their netball team were on their way to a match and their minibus had a minor collision. "News travels fast these days but panic can travel even faster - there were photos on social media within moments. Our staff did everything by the book and dealt with everything calmly and professionally. But one parent hadn't checked her email and was upset she wasn't instantly aware of what had happened."
Essentially, the school comms system at that point didn't allow immediate text alerts to be sent to specific groups. The school subsequently signed up to use Firefly's Parent Portal communication tool and got that mobilised very quickly. Since then, it's supported them with tailored communication - including weekly updates and reminders, online consent forms and regular newsletters - as well as providing an easy text message functionality.
Jo Mason, Head of Marketing & Comms at South Hampstead High School, says: "The priority really needs to be ensuring that your basic, everyday systems are fit for purpose and work for your parents. Every communication matters - information needs to be timely and it needs to be accurate and relevant."
For Rachel Brewster, Director of Marketing & Comms at Wimbledon High School, it was really about establishing a routine, and sending out targeted communications which all staff could contribute towards, reducing the burden on their small communications team.
"With Firefly's communication tool, all messages go into one mailing box and parents receive a round-up email on Wednesdays, that includes calls to action for the following week. They are targeted too - if a child is doing music, then they receive an update about music, if your child isn't in the hockey team then you won't get that message."
Parents are very busy and don't like to be bombarded, so sending all the key messages in one weekly email has helped them to increase their open rates and responses. An added benefit is that they have also been able to copy in students who are very good at nudging their parents if they haven't replied to a message.
"It is a team effort, with all teachers able to contribute. You have to get the message out to your colleagues that every communication counts and that getting the right tone is key. I have oversight over those messages but I can't check every single one. We have the system in place so, with co-ownership of messages, we can collaborate. All those messages come into one mailing."
Flexible integrations with other mail automation platforms such as Mailchimp and Campaign Monitor means both schools have been able to produce beautifully designed newsletters which incorporate photos, videos and social media posts displaying school life, whilst bringing in all the data back into Firefly's communication tool - making it easier to manage and track engagement as a whole. In Wimbledon High's case, the newsletter goes out on a Friday as a round-up of the week's news.
The Firefly Parent Portal has also helped them to share the learning experience of each child. In particular for their Junior school they are able to use Firefly blogs to share photos & videos to keep parents up to date on a regular basis.
Jo Mason at South Hampstead High School: "Now that we have the systems in place, the challenge is ensuring every message 'lands'. Parents are busy, as is the pace of school life. Our aim is to ensure that all our parents - no matter how engaged or organised - feel they have all the information they require. Listening to what families really need will help us to continue to build effective, efficient communication - a two-way dialogue and a stronger community."
At South Hampstead, the community now values a system that is simple, straightforward and convenient. "Parents can easily complete online forms, refer back to all messages in one place and keep up-to-date with what's going on. Everything is tailored to them. In an era of information overload, we want to help keep things simple."
Jo and Rachel recently shared this story and their top parent communication tips in our webinar - to find out more watch the recording here.
Share this case study
How St Paul's School for Girls Birmingham is using Firefly to engage the whole school community
How Doha College strengthened their relationship with parents
Downsend School
Never miss out on top tips from leading schools and best practices to take your teaching and learning to the next level!
By completing this form you agree to the terms and conditions of our privacy policy.
Getting started with Firefly
Why Firefly? Try Firefly Book a demo Help and Support
Case Studies Videos Events Blog What is a VLE? Homework and technology
Careers Sitemap Privacy and Cookies Brand Guidelines Partners
© Copyright Firefly Learning Ltd. Registered in England and Wales with company number 10115230 / Firefly Learning Pty Ltd registered in Australia with ABN 93 601 708 230

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
OCDE.org
L'Observateur de l'OCDE
Centre de développement de l'OCDE
AEN - Agence pour l'énergie nucléaire
AIE - Agence internationale de l'énergie
CSAO - Club du Sahel et de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
GAFI - Groupe d'action financière
ITF - Forum international des transports
Accueil de l'OCDE
Autorité palestinienne
République de Macédoine du Nord
Guinée équatoriale^Guinée2
Guinée-Bissau^Guinée1
Hong Kong (Chine)
Îles Caïmanes
Macao (Chine)
République démocratique populaire lao^Lao
Chine (République populaire de)
République populaire démocratique de Corée
Serbie et Monténégro (avant juin 2006)
Tokélaou
Agriculture et pêcheries
Assurance et retraites
Corruption et Intégrité
Croissance verte et développement durable
Développement régional, urbain et rural
Gouvernance publique
Industrie et entrepreneuriat
Prestations et questions sociales
Réforme réglementaire
Sécurité des produits chimiques et biosécurité
Accueil de l'OCDE Direction de la coopération pour le développementExamens par les pairs des membres du CADSwitzerland (1996), Development Co-operation Review
Examens par les pairs des membres du CAD
Switzerland (1996), Development Co-operation Review
DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION REVIEW OF SWITZERLAND
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (1996)
The Swiss aid effort has a number of striking features:
The systematic articulation and political endorsement of medium-term policy, operational and financial frameworks through a set of Framework Credits and associated Messages to Parliament.
A dual organisation system in which the Swiss Agency for Development and Co-operation (SDC), based in the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, and the Federal Office of Foreign Economic Affairs (FOFEA) based in the Federal Department of Public Economy (FDPE), collaborate closely while pursuing different agendas, different approaches, and have to some extent different networks of support.
Strong and active intellectual leadership backed up by high quality staff in both agencies, with the policy and operational excellence of Swiss aid spilling over into the Swiss contribution to shaping the international development agenda and the governance of multilateral institutions.
An exposure to public opinion which is more consequential than in most other Development Assistance Committee (DAC) countries in that the system of referenda in Switzerland can be triggered either by popular disenchantment with aid or by popular enthusiasm for particular causes or measures. The well organised non-governmental organisation (NGO) community has a special role given both the positive and negative potentialities of this political mechanism. Development education is also important in this context.
At the project level, Swiss aid has been founded since its beginning on participatory approaches and strong local ownership, with evaluation and feedback mechanisms operating throughout the project cycle.
In combination, these features provide Swiss development co-operation with its particular character.
Policy Frameworks
The Federal Law governing Swiss international development co-operation and humanitarian aid adopted by Parliament in 1976, and the implementing Ordinance, place poverty alleviation and support to developing countries' own efforts at the centre of Swiss aid objectives, assigning highest priority to the poorest developing countries, regions and population groups. Apart from the Federal Law, the major policy statement for Swiss development co-operation is in the 'North-South Guidelines' (hereafter known as the Guidelines) issued by the Federal Council (Bundesrat) on 7 March 1994. These Guidelines explain the context of development policies in the 1990s, including globalisation in the political, ecological and economic domains, the interdependence between North and South, and the need for a coherent policy.(1) The development policy set out in the Guidelines is exceptional in calling for responsibilities in coherence by Switzerland and others, and covers the major themes prominent in international discussion of development co-operation such as:
safeguarding and promoting peace and security, human rights, democracy and the rule of law;
promoting welfare;
increasing social equity;
protecting the natural environment.
Swiss development co-operation is funded in a distinctive way whereby the Federal Assembly approves Framework Credits which come up for renewal periodically (approximately every four years). Each Framework Credit has a fixed ceiling of funding. There are six major Framework Credits in effect:
technical and financial co-operation;
economic and trade policy measures;
Bretton Woods Institutions;
capital participation in regional development banks;
co-operation with central and eastern Europe;
international humanitarian aid.
While subject to an annual budget process, these Framework Credits provide a policy structure for the areas concerned and a firm basis on which the development co-operation administration can carry out plans over several years as required by sound development programming. In some cases, the Framework Credit, as projected, is not exhausted within the time frame originally set out and so appropriations may stretch out for an additional period.
The next major Framework Credit coming up for renewal is the one for economic and trade policy measures. It has been defined based on the global economy, the increasing importance of trade and investment as a motor for growth and liberal international trade policies. It is aimed at helping to avoid the risk that the poorest countries will be marginalised from a trade and investment standpoint. A number of new instruments of development co-operation are being proposed. If accepted by the Federal Assembly this new Framework Credit would take effect starting 1 January 1997 and would run for four years with a programme credit of SF 960 million. Disbursements may extend over seven to eight years.
With respect to aid management there is a division of labour between two administrations:
SDC in the Federal Department for Foreign Affairs; and
FOFEA in the Federal Department of Public Economy.
The SDC is primarily responsible for technical and financial co-operation and humanitarian aid and normally covers about 75 to 80 per cent of disbursements. The FOFEA is primarily responsible for economic aid and handles 15 per cent of disbursements. Both SDC and FOFEA have multilateral responsibilities and manage aid to Central and Eastern European Countries and New Independent States of the former Soviet Union (CEECs/NIS).
The division of aid management into two main organisations has its roots in the way the Swiss development co-operation system was created in the context of post-World War II reconstruction efforts. The fact that responsibilities are shared between two departments has both favourable and unfavourable aspects and the entire issue is presently being considered as part of the government-wide reform efforts by a high level government reform study commission. The traditional demarcation between the two administrations has become blurred in some fields. Such convergence requires more collaboration and some degree of reorganisation. Closer co-ordination could be achieved in such areas as aid to CEECs/NIS and country programmes.
Analysis and Implementation
In many ways the Swiss development co-operation system shows a strong capability for analysis and implementation in support of the strategies adopted. This can be found not only in the way policies have been crafted, but in guidance and approach documents used in the development co-operation system and intended for the use of aid recipients, and in co-operation programmes with NGOs, which are particularly strong in Switzerland. It is also evident in programmes in the field, some of which have had long gestation periods, but which have resulted in participatory projects with good prospects for sustainability. SDC follows a policy of country concentration with country programmes in some 17 countries. The strategies elaborated with recipient countries in those countries reflect a high quality of analysis. FOFEA, whose instruments are aimed at trade and the private sector, employ these instruments as measures to induce policy reforms. FOFEA plays a leadership role in construction of debt reduction strategies.
Compared to other donor agencies, many of which are encountering chronic staff problems, the Swiss aid administration is particularly well-endowed with committed, experienced staff and this has on balance been a positive contribution to the quality of Swiss aid. The Federal Assembly, when apprised of the situation in view of the restrictions on civil service hiring, authorised a mix of civil service employees and private contract staff in the Swiss development co-operation system. Primarily through this approach, the Swiss aid administration has been able to assure a high quality, committed staff, imbued with Switzerland's development philosophy and strategies.
Swiss evaluation methods reflect both the participatory approach and the strength of analysis of its development co-operation staff. While using both external evaluations and self-evaluations, the system is turned towards participation by recipients in a common search for solutions and a process of internalisation on the part of recipients, so that evaluations become an integral part of the participatory development process itself. Further refinements and improvements in the evaluation system are in train, particularly to determine whether projects and programmes are effectively contributing to the strategic directions as intended.
ODA Volume
In 1995 aid disbursements from Switzerland amounted to $1.1 billion, a fall of 6 per cent in real terms. Bilateral disbursements represented 72 per cent of total net official development assistance (ODA) while multilateral disbursements represented 28 per cent. Switzerland's membership in the Bretton Woods Institutions as of 1992 has made a considerable difference in the profile of Swiss ODA, and Switzerland's multilateral contributions have increased as a proportion of ODA in recent years. The ODA gross national product (GNP) ratio fell from 0.36 per cent to 0.34 per cent, partly due to reduced payments to regional development banks and funds. This performance made Switzerland the tenth-ranking DAC Member in ODA/GNP ratio and the fourteenth-ranking Member in absolute disbursements.
Switzerland has never subscribed to the 0.7 per cent ODA/GNP target set by the United Nations. However, the Guidelines set a target of 0.40 per cent of gross national product, a policy announced by Switzerland at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in June 1992. Unfortunately, Federal budget plans for 1996-99 project a drop in the ratio. Given the quality and effectiveness of Swiss aid, and particularly its strength in participatory development, which is in short supply in the donor community, Switzerland should try to make progress towards the 0.40 per cent target established in the Guidelines.
The fact that civil society in popular votes has approved both the bilateral and multilateral programmes, including joining the Bretton Woods Institutions in 1992, gives the Swiss development co-operation programme a firm and clear political anchor. This is important in view of the fact that, in other cases in Switzerland, the population through referenda has rejected a proposal to join the United Nations (UN) and to join the European Economic Area (EEA), the latter stalling Switzerland's bid to join the European Union (EU).
Every four years SDC arranges for non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to commission opinion polls. In the most recent one (January 1994), although most people overestimated public and private aid efforts, an overwhelming majority still favoured either increasing (25 per cent) or maintaining present aid levels (over 50 per cent). The development programme, thus, has a strong popular basis which is evident in the vibrant Swiss NGO community and in civil society at large.
NGOs play a comparatively large role in Swiss development co-operation. In 1994, for instance, the level of ODA channelled through NGOs (including international NGOs) amounted to $162 million or 16.5 per cent of total net ODA as compared to a DAC average of less than 2 per cent. NGOs not only play a large role in carrying out programmes in concentration and non-concentration countries, but also in public education about development co-operation. NGOs provide valuable analysis about the development co-operation programme, and about broad issues of coherence and economic policy related to it. The Swiss system for encouraging NGO participation and consulting with the NGO community is one of the strongest among DAC Members.
The Guidelines specifically call for a coherent policy towards the South; they acknowledge that contradictions exist which need to be highlighted and tabled for the political decision-making process. A range of mechanisms, designed to deal with coherence issues, have been put in place. There has been an open debate among civil society and NGOs on sensitive issues such as flight capital, arms sales, corruption, environment, domestic agricultural subsidies and export guarantees. No one would suggest that these issues are subject to simple, immediate solution. However, a real effort has been made to deal with them and others. On a comparative basis, it can be fairly said that no DAC Member has gone further in studying and coming to grips with difficult coherence issues in its relations with developing countries than Switzerland.
The seriousness and quality of the Swiss aid programme are not in doubt. With its emphasis on local participation and ownership, Switzerland's 'aid style' is very much in line with the DAC's Shaping the 21st Century: The Contribution of Development Co-operation, OECD, Paris 1996; at the aid review meeting, the Swiss Delegation expressed its strong support for this DAC strategy. Switzerland is also making an important contribution to progress on development issues in international fora. The particularly demanding nature of Swiss popular democracy places a premium on a good development education effort and on confidence in the efficiency and effectiveness of Swiss aid. Through the system of Framework Credits, policies and financial support are subject to systematic renewal and political approval.
Two main issues for the Swiss authorities arise from this Review:
First: the agendas and approaches of the SDC and FOFEA, are converging to a significant degree, producing closer collaboration than has heretofore been exhibited between the two offices at all levels. This collaboration is essential and is being supported at all levels, but it is time-consuming. It is desirable that the highest degree of synergy possible be attained between them. In this situation it seems important to take stock of the progress made in the integration of the Swiss aid effort in the two-agency system and to ensure that the structures and collaboration are as efficient and fruitful as possible.
Second: Switzerland should be moving faster to attain the 0.40 per cent GNP target for ODA that was established in the North-South Guidelines approved by the government.
(1). The policy frameworks described in the review reflect essentially the development co-operation policies and programmes of Switzerland applicable to traditional developing countries. For CEECs/NIS countries, there is a separate law, ordinance and Framework Credit. The objectives (promotion of political and economic transformation) and emphasis in co-operation are different, although many co-operation features are similar to those in developing countries, in particular for CEECs/NIS countries included in Part I of the DAC list.
To order your copy, go to the OECD Online Bookstore .
List of Peer Reviews of DAC Members
MonOCDE
© L'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques
Politique de protection des données et de la vie privée
Suivez-nous (médias sociaux):


@MoldyPond - I'm sure this has been said before, but we have to wait until the rom gets dumped first.
Alright, good to know. Thanks!
I may even just GENH crap that's isn't playable with the default extraction method.
Hey Bxaimc, huge thumbs up for ripping Gran turismo 5! I somehow forgot to thank you for that set the last time around.
BTW may I ask you to inspect some audio bank cuts / samples? They all come from that Stuntman Ignition title I mentioned a few times ITT.
What if PS2 version proves to be much easier to work with than X360 one? Maybe even some extraction method / parsing procedure can be devised after close inspection of those naughty MBK bigfiles.
I guess that playback of contained streams even if they're indeed headerless should be way easier than unpacking the archive itself, I fancy that most or all BGMs can be played fine as *.mib files (interleave might be guessed (?) by VGMstream if BGMs weren't trimmed or abridged as CMP2 or ADPCM Player output usually is then all other specs would be correct too since tracks should actually play at 44,1KHz & stereo). In the best scenario every single song / score piece should have exactly the same specifications so that if we have an appropriate header for one file then it can be applied to all other ones (in case we still have to resort to making GENHs or adding headers with a specific BMS).
So may I post example files here or in some different thread? If you come to any kind of working solution then I'd be happy to make and provide complete rip of PS2 ver. and possibly also check out PS3 one because it used Sony ADPCM too. What's your answer?
I was wondering if the ogg files for Undertale have any specific loop points. Do they loop from the start or do some of them loop at specific points? I'd appreciate it if someone could help me.
Just FYI, the Undertale Ogg files also contain invalid packet timestamps, which trip up all versions of foobar2000 up to the current stable release, 1.3.17.
^I swear, it was a total coincidence that I uploaded this the same day that a port for the current-gen systems was announced, lol. Anyway, I hope I got all the necessaries here.... the music and movies were spread among a bunch of different folders. Speaking of, I didn't change the name of the folders, but I'm fairly certain that STREAM1, DMC2STR, and SOUND are DMC1, DMC2, and DMC3, respectively. If I missed anything, let me know and I'll see what I can do. Otherwise, enjoy!
@soneek - thanks, worked fine. I think XMA and VAG work with vgmstream if you paste the nub header (the "xma " + stuff part) without having to create a header.
1) Mace Griffin - Bounty hunter (PC). I'm sure I mentioned it once or twice in this thread.
Funny thing is I found out who's composer just a few days ago and it's Ian Livingstone, maybe not an industry superstar but still a man who's known for some well-done masterpieces. Some fans would name GRID 1-2 or F1 2010-2014 but my favorites are Bionicle heroes & Stolen although the latter is possibly the shortest score for a full-price multi-platform VG I've ever encountered.
For Mace Griffin he composed mostly orchestral action tracks and electronic ambient but this soundtrack is still quite good, reminds me of Chrome by Pawel Blaszczak or Wolfenstein (2009) by Bill Brown.
2) The club also has pretty tiny yet neat score which is lossless on PC but really lossy on X360. I'd still appreciate it if someone checked out PS3 port, if not for presumably higher quality then for alternate mixes / versions of those tracks or even unique compositions. If Blur (racerz) is rippable and there's even a BMS dedicated to 007 Blood stone then it'd be no problem to get a hold of BGMs.
A pair of tracks I upped are absolutely swell but there's much more to this soundtrack: dark ambience and driving beats aren't all what it's got to offer us!
3) Original score for X-Men Origins - Wolverine (PC) is by Paul Haslinger, 'nuff said; the title itself is based on UE3, 'nuff said again but ripping this VGM is actually worth all the effort as it's Paul's trademark mix of many genres reminding of Rainbow six: Vegas dilogy or Underworld movie saga.
I'd aim for next-gen console ports (namely PS3 or X360 since they shouldn't be abridged as PSP or Wii versions plus audio quality is presumed to be relatively high). I'd be happy to have rip from just any platform though. It might occur that one day I'll process one of those platforms myself if only to obtain yet another encode of the awesome title_screen_01 / end_credits theme. My guess is that not a single version uses anything close to lossless so that acquiring possibly higher quality variants of the same tracks is the best we can dream of.
PS. These OGGs I provided weren't extracted out of *.SoundNodeWave containers this time around, I simply renamed those to *.ogg and all went smoothly. I guess that Xbox 360 version can be treated the same way if it worked for Shadows of the damned.
Till next time and best wishes!


text:
Пьер Ламбе́р де Сомери́ (; ок. 1690 года — 1767 года, Утрехт), прозванный Сомери, — французский писатель-кальвинист, известный своим участием в работе над пятью томами «Délices du pays de Liège» (1738—1744). Сочинял пасквили и романы, но известен именно благодаря пятитомнику, который до сих пор читают и цитируют любители истории Льежа.

Творчество
Его сочинения:
 «L'Anlichretien ou L'Esprit du calvinisme oppose a Jésus-Christ et à L'Evangile» (1731);
 «Mémoires et aventures secrètes et curieuses d'un voyageur au Levant» (1732—1736);
 «Les Dolices du pays de Liège ou description des monuments de cette principaulé» (1738—1744);
 «Anecdotes vénitiennes et turques ou nouveaux mémoires du comte de Bonneval» (1740);
 «L'Heureux imposteur ou aventures du baron de Janzac» (1740);
 «Aventures de M-me la duchesse de Vanjour, histoire veritable» (1741);
 «Le Diable ermite ou aventures d'Astaroth banni des enfers» (1741).

Литература

Персоналии:Франция

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Iowa Football Predictions
The Iowa Hawkeyes are off a dream season, in which they finished the regular season a perfect 12-0.
They would go on to lose 13-16 in the final seconds to Michigan State in the Big Ten title game. Ultimately keeping them out of the 4-team playoff.
There were plenty of Iowa skeptics throughout the year, as they played a very easy schedule. They had a chance to prove their doubters wrong in the Rose Bowl against Stanford. Instead they got embarrassed 45-16, trailing 35-0 at the half.
Either way it put the Hawkeyes back in the national spotlight. Iowa finished the year ranked inside the Top 10 and will likely open 2016 in the Top 25.
Kirk Ferentz is back for his 18th year at head coach. He will welcome back 13 starters, including 8 on the defensive side of the ball. The Hawkeyes are in a good spot to defend their West title and get back to the Big Ten Championship Game.
Big Ten (West)
8-0 (1st)
9/3 Miami (OH)
9/10 Iowa State
9/17 North Dakota State
9/24 @ Rutgers
10/1 Northwestern
10/8 @ Minnesota
10/22 Wisconsin
11/5 @ Penn State
11/12 Michigan
11/19 @ Illinois
11/25 Nebraska
Those that criticized the Hawkeyes for their easy schedule in 2015 are going to be saying a lot of the same things. However, this year's slate is a bit tougher.
The non-conference portion of the schedule is very favorable. All three come at home and they will be favored big in each one. The biggest challenge will be in-state rival Iowa State, who went 3-9 last season.
Last year Iowa avoided having to play Ohio State, Michigan St, Michigan and Penn St out of the East. This year they draw both Penn State and Michigan, though they do get the Wolverines at home.
Iowa also gets it's biggest games within the division at home. They host Northwestern, Wisconsin and Nebraska.
If the Hawkeyes can take care of business at home, they will have a shot at running the table. They figure to be favored at Rutgers, Minnesota, Purdue and Illinois. That leaves just a road game at Penn State where they would need to pull off the upset.
Iowa will bring back just 5 starters on offense, but should put up similar, if not better numbers. The key is they have an experienced signal caller in C.J. Beathard. When healthy he's a threat with both his arm and his legs. He had a stellar 17-5 TD-INT ration and rushed for 237 yards and 6 TDs.
Beathard will welcome back his favorite target in senior Matt Vanderberg. However, he does lose deep threat Tevaun Smith and talented tight end Henry Krieger-Coble. Senior tight end George Kittle is capable of producing at high level. The hope is sophomore receivers Jay Scheel and Jerminic Smith will produce.
Iowa does lose leading rusher Jordan Canzeri, but they used more of a committee approach. LeShun Daniels and Akrum Wadley both return and combined for 1,142 yards and 15 TDs.
The key to the offense will be the offensive line. Iowa loses two studs in Austin Blythe and Jordan Walsh, but have always been strong up front under Ferentz. With 3 starters back and two more with starting experience, this unit will be a strength again.
If the offense can produce at a similar level to last year, Iowa is in good shape. That's because the defense is going to be difficult to score on. The Hawkeyes get three starters back on the front four and do a great job of developing players.
Iowa gets two more starters back at linebacker, including star middle linebacker Josey Jewell. As a sophomore Jewell led the team with 126 tackles. He also had 3 sacks and 4 interceptions.
The Hawkeyes secondary got a big lift when stud corner Desmond King decided not to go pro. King had 8 interceptions (tied school record) and won the Jim Thorpe Award. He's joined by fellow returning starters Greg Mabin (CB) and Miles Taylor (SS).
Big Ten West Odds
Playoffs Odds
The Hawkeyes come into this season as the favorites to win the West and have the 3rd best odds to win the Big Ten. While they are getting the respect from the oddsmakers, I don't feel like this is a public team. Mainly cause of how bad they looked against Stanford in the bowl and the schedule critics.
If Beathard can stay healthy and the defense plays up to it's potential, this team is going to be very tough to beat. The big question is how they handle going from being the hunter to the hunted.
I also have some concerns with them being as fortunate in close games. Iowa snuck out a lot of wins last year that they could have easily lost.
I'm tempering my expectations for 2016, but I do think this is the team to beat in the West. They are also a major sleeper team to make the playoffs.
I have Iowa going 6-3 in the Big Ten and 9-3 overall. I have them losing at home to Michigan, at Penn State and then one other game along the way.


text:
Finština (zast. čuchonština) je státní jazyk Finska, kde s ní hovoří přibližně 5 milionů mluvčích. Ve světě, zejména ve Švédsku a ruské části Karélie, pak finsky mluví další milion lidí. Tento ugrofinský, konkrétně baltofinský jazyk, si i přes dlouhé soužití s indoevropskými jazyky zachoval mnohé své charakteristické rysy. Vliv germánských jazyků je zřetelný například na systému slovesných časů (obohacení o perifrasticky tvořené tvary časů předpřítomného, předminulého a málo užívaného budoucího) nebo preferování vedlejších vět před konstrukcemi s nominálními tvary sloves.

První psané finské texty se objevily v 16. století. První knihu vydal Mikael Agricola roku 1548, a to překlad Nového zákona.

Až do roku 1863 byla úředním jazykem na finském území švédština. Po přechodu Finska pod vládu Ruska roku 1809 se ruští vládci snažili oslabit vazby na Švédsko i podporou finštiny. Od roku 1863 se mohl jazyk používat při styku s úřady. Od roku 1883 pak byla finština doporučena k používání na úřadech a při vydávání dokumentů. Od roku 1893 je finština ve Finsku zcela rovnoprávná se švédštinou.

Jazykové varianty a vztah k jiným jazykům
Ve finštině je velký rozdíl mezi mluveným a psaným jazykem. Vykání se použije jen při velmi zdvořilé konverzaci nebo projevu. Mnoho slov je v hovorové finštině odlišných. Například "já jsem" – minä olen se zkracuje na mä oon, nebo "máš?" – onko sinulla? na onks sulla?

Ve finštině jsou též stále aktivní nářečí, hlavní dvě větve jsou východní a západní.

Kromě severogermánských jazyků, a to zejména švédštiny, měly vliv na finskou slovní zásobu jazyky baltské, hansovní němčina, ruština a dnes především angličtina.

Tvorba slov

Skládání slov
Finština je převážně aglutinačního typu. To znamená, že tvaroslovné přípony se na slova "nalepují", takže se tvoří tvarově různorodá slova, v nichž jednotlivé morfy nesou v ideálním případě jeden význam.

Příklady:
 vo/isi/mme/ko/han — "mohli bychom?" Kmen slova je v tomto případě změněný z voi na vo, přípona -isi značí podmiňovací způsob, -mme 1. osobu množného čísla, -ko ano-ne otázku a přípona -han má několik významů, zde vyjadřuje potvrzení, asi "přece" nebo "že".
 talo/ssa/ni/kin/ko — "také v mém domě?" Kmen slova je talo ("dům"), přípona -ssa znamená "v", -ni je posesivní přípona "můj", -kin značí "také" a -ko ano-ne otázku.

Kromě toho jsou ve finštině běžné složeniny podobně jako v němčině. Výsledná slova tedy mohou být opravdu dlouhá.

Příklad:
 kolmivaihekilowattituntimittari — "třífázový kilowatthodinametr"

Výpůjčky z jiných jazyků
Nejstarší vrstvu výpůjček tvoří původem staroíránská slova a výpůjčky z baltských jazyků. Mnoho slov je vypůjčeno ze švédštiny a to jak z historické doby, tak z doby poměrně nedávné. Mnoho slov bylo zejména v 19. století, kdy Finsko patřilo carskému Rusku, ale na východě i dříve, přijato také z ruštiny. Od poloviny 20. století se pod vlivem zejména americké kultury přejímají slova i z angličtiny. Můžeme tedy narazit na slovo tsekkaa, původně anglické to check. Podobně jako jiné jazyky, i finština přijímá mezinárodní slova z mnoha různých, i exotických jazyků. Příkladem je poměrně mnoho japonských slov nebo několik výpůjček z češtiny, například robotti nebo pistooli.

Ve finštině jsou již dnes patrné vlivy cizích jazyků i v intonaci. Finskou ano-ne otázku, původně na konci s klesající intonací, již mladá generace velmi ovlivněná angličtinou v některých regionech Finska vyslovuje se zřetelným zdvihajícím se přízvukem.

Obecné rysy jazyka

Abeceda
V původních finských slovech se používají souhlásky D, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, R, S, T a V (vyslovují se jako v češtině, jen S o něco více zasyčí, případně se trochu podobá českému Š a R má více kmitů) a samohlásky A, E, I, O, U, Y, Ä a Ö (A, E, I a U se opět vyslovují jako v češtině, Y je jako německé Ü, Ä je mezi A a E, Ö zhruba odpovídá jeho německému protějšku). Finská slova oplývají samohláskami. Ze švédštiny se navíc ještě přidalo Å, které se však používá jen v původních švédských jménech. Souhlásek moderní finština přijala více, hlavně B a F. Finská abeceda tak obsahuje všechna písmena anglické abecedy.

Zajímavostí je občasné používání hlásky Š, které však není zahrnuto do standardní finštiny, ačkoli se používá již asi sto let. Velmi zřídka se lze setkat i se Ž. Podle přijatých zvyklostí se názvy cizích míst mají psát s těmito písmeny nebo podle anglické ortografie jako sh a zh. Diakritický zápis těchto dvou souhlásek byl vypůjčen z češtiny.

Příklady:
 Tšekki nebo Tshekki — "Česko"
 Tšaikovski nebo Tshaikovski — "Čajkovskij"
 šakki nebo shakki — "šachy"
 Židlicky nebo Zhidlicky — "Židlický"

Pro mnoho Finů je ale nepřekonatelným problémem rozlišit mezi "C", "Č", "S", "Š", "Z" a "Ž" nebo dokonce mezi "B" a "P" či "F" a "V". Češi mají podobný problém při rozlišování finských samohlásek, zejména mezi A, Ä a E nebo i mezi U a Y.

V nářečích se velmi často vůbec neobjevuje D, možné je nahrazení souhláskou R.

Ve výslovnosti se ještě objevuje nosovka ŋ, ve kterou se občas mění N a G. Podobně se M občas mění na ɱ a H na ɦ.

Příklady:
 Lankoni tanssi vahingossa tangoa flamingon kanssa Hangossa. má výslovnost "Laŋkoni tanssi vahiŋŋossa taŋŋoa flamiŋŋoŋ kanssa Haŋŋossa." ("Můj švagr náhodou tancoval tango s plameňákem v Hanku.")
 magneetin kanssa má výslovnost "maŋneetiŋ kanssa" ("s magnetem")

Zdvojené hlásky
Finská výslovnost se velmi podobá české, ovšem zcela běžné jsou zde zdvojené hlásky. Zdvojená samohláska se pouze jednoduše prodlužuje (např. finská zdvojená hláska aa se vysloví jako v české "á").

Finština však zná i dvojhlásky ze souhlásek, tzn. gemináty - např. jako v italštině -, které se také vyslovují dlouze (jako jedna dlouhá souhláska). Obyčejně se výslovnost nebo zdvojené souhlásky popisuje jako krátké zadržení při mluvení. Uprostřed zdvojených souhlásek se nalézají švy slabik, takže je možné jejich výslovnost popsat jako náznak slabikování. Pro nerodilého mluvčího je mnohdy těžké takovou souhlásku poznat, přestože zcela mění význam slova. Možné zdvojené souhlásky jsou kk, ll, mm, nn, pp, rr, ss a tt.

Příklady:
 palo — "požár"
 pallo — "míč"
 tapaa — "potkává"
 tappaa — "zabíjí"

Ve vzácných případech se můžeme ve finštině setkat i s trojitými samohláskami. V tom případě se vyslovuje první dvojice odděleně od třetí samohlásky.

Příklad:
 vaa'an — genitiv od slova vaaka ("váha")

Dvojhlásky
Finština má na rozdíl od češtiny mnoho dvojhlásek: ai, ei, oi, ui, yi, äi, öi, au, ou, eu, iu, äy, öy, ey, iy, ie, yö, uo.

Příklady:
 sauna — "sauna"
 äiti — "máma"

Samohlásková harmonie

Ve finštině se v jednom slovu smí současně objevit jenom samohlásky zadní a, o, u nebo přední ä, ö, y. Samohlásky e, i jsou neutrální a mohou se tedy vyskytovat v jakémkoliv slově. Pokud se ke slovu, které obsahuje pouze neutrální samohlásky, přidává přípona, která existuje jak v přední, tak v zadní variantě, přednost má přední.

Když je slovo složené z různých kratších slov, samohlásková harmonie se uplatní pro každou jeho část zvlášť. Může tedy obsahovat přední i zadní samohlásky najednou.

Samohláskovou harmonii můžeme najít i v jiných jazycích, například turečtině, kde je však v poněkud odlišné formě.

Změny kmenových souhlásek
Třebaže pádové přípony jsou ve finštině téměř vždy stejné pro jakékoli slovo, ke změnám dochází ve skupině souhlásek před nimi. Změna kmenové souhlásky probíhá mezi souhláskami silného a slabého stupně. Změny jsou poměrně pravidelné, takže i přes jejich větší množství a fakt, že se stupeň mění oběma směry, jsou poměrně lehce zvládnutelné.

Příklady:
 silta → sillalla (lt - ll) — "most" → "na mostě"
 ikä → iässä (k - mizí) — "věk" → "ve věku"
 tahtoa → tahdon (t - d) — "chtít" → "chci"

Intonace a přízvuk
Intonace věty je většinou klesající, a to i v případě některých, takzvaných ano-ne otázek.

Přízvuk je vždy na první slabice slova, podobně jako v češtině. Slabý přízvuk lze vypozorovat také na třetí slabice.

Ano-ne otázka
Finština má zvláštní interogativní příponu -ko a její přední variantu -kö, kterou přikládá ke slovům, na které se ptá otázka, na níž je možno odpovědět "ano", nebo "ne". Koncovka se nepřikládá v jiných otázkách. Ano-ne otázka má klesající intonaci podobně jako oznamovací věta. Ve finštině nejsou ani jiné tázací věty odlišeny intonačně.

Příklad:
 Onko hän kotona? — "Je doma?"
 Missä on kukka? — "Kde je kytka?"
Na otázku "Kde je kytka?" nelze odpovědět ano/ne.

Další přípony
Kromě přípony -ko má finština mnoho dalších částicových přípon. Níže jsou speciálně zmíněny přivlastňovací přípony. Vedle nich se ve finštině můžeme setkat s příponou -kin vyjadřující české slovo "také" nebo -kaan, která je překládána jako "ani". Přípona -han / -hän má několik různých významů, jeden z nich zhruba odpovídá české příponě "-pak" (této české částicové příponě odpovídá i finská -pa / -pä), v jiném případě přípona zdůrazňuje řečnickou otázku.

Příklad:
 autokin — "i auto"
 minäkään — "ani já"
 Missähän? — "Kdepak?"
 Voinkohan? — "Mohu?" (řečnická otázka)

Nomina (jména)
Nomina jsou ve finštině podstatná jména, přídavná jména, zájmena a číslovky.

Členy
Ve finštině se na rozdíl od ugrických jazyků nepoužívají u žádných nomen členy.

Rody
Ve finštině se nerozlišují rody. Například z korespondence tedy nejde poznat, zda je pisatelem muž či žena. Dokonce i osobní zájmeno ve třetí osobě hän je společné pro "on", "ona" i "ono".

Skloňování
Skloňování je společné pro všechna nomina. V některých publikacích se uvádí, že existuje pouze jeden společný vzor, jiné používají systém vzorů rozsáhlý zhruba stejně jako má čeština. Jeden z nich sestává z následujících vzorů:

 maa ("země")
 talo ("dům")
 bussi ("autobus")
 ovi ("dveře")
 kieli ("jazyk")
 käsi ("ruka")
 huone ("pokoj, místnost")
 nainen ("žena")
 sairas ("nemocný")
 salaisuus ("tajemství")
 vastaus ("odpověď")
 avain ("klíč")

Kromě těchto vzorů existuje ještě několik méně užívaných vzorů, například kaunis ("krásný"), a několik desítek nepravidelných slov, třeba lapsi ("dítě") či veli ("bratr").

Pády
Finština užívá celkem 14 pádů (někdy se uvádí 15). Systém pádů je značně odlišný od českého, jejich užití se proto někdy překládá velmi špatně. Každý pád se navíc obvykle využívá v několika různých případech. Finština rozlišuje vnější a vnitřní pády a některé pády se také mohou vázat ke konkrétním slovesům.

Jako 15. pád se někdy uvádí akuzativ, který je ale tvarově téměř (vyjma osobních zájmen) shodný s genitivem.

Tam, kde je to možné, existuje jak zadní, tak přední varianta pádové přípony, například -ssa a -ssä.

Pro běžný objekt ve větě se podle situace používá nominativu, genitivu, akuzativu a partitivu. Zvláštní skupinu lokálních pádů tvoří šestice inessiv, elativ, illativ, adessiv, ablativ a allativ. Tři z nich (adessiv, ablativ a allativ) jsou vnější, které se používají pro otevřené prostory. Ostatní tři jsou vnitřní. Ty se používají pro uzavřená místa.

Komitativ a instruktiv mají až na výjimky pouze tvary množného čísla, které se používají i pro jednotné číslo. Komitativ se používá často s posesivní příponou.

Inessiv, elativ, illativ, adessiv a abessiv se mohou spojovat i se slovesy například v podobě takzvaného třetího infinitivu. Pádové přípony je možno vysledovat i v postpozicích.

Příklad:
 Minä menen syömästä — "Jdu z jídla (jezení)."

Ve finštině se dají nalézt i zbytky prauralského lokativu, například ve slově ulkona ("venku"). Podobně se někdy považuje za podobný zbytek dalšího pádu lativní koncovka slova ulos ("ven"). Obě slova jsou dnes příslovce. Dalším pádem, který je ve finštině jen v náznacích je prolativ, kterým vyjadřujeme české předložky "skrze", "pomocí" nebo "přes" nebo jen český instrumentál. Ve finštině má koncovku -tse a najdeme ho jen v některých ustálených spojeních jako postitse — "poštou" nebo puhelimitse — "telefonem". Podobně jako komitativ a instruktiv i zbytky prolativu jsou většinou jen v množném číslem. Výjimkou jsou slova končící na -i.

Použití pádů není omezeno jen na příklady uvedené v tabulce. Některá slovesa se pojí například s illativem, jiné s inessivem nebo elativem, přičemž se ve všech případech prakticky jedná o objekt. Dále se některé pády používají v ustálených spojeních, například adessiv může někdy nahrazovat český instrumentál.

Příklady:
 Minä rakastun saunaan. — "Zamilovávám se do sauny."
 Minä käyn saunassa. — "Navštěvuji saunu."
 Minä pidän saunasta. — "Mám rád saunu."
 Minä kirjoitan kynällä. — "Píši tužkou."

V některých starších zdrojích se některé pády jmenují jinak, případně došlo k jejich upřesnění.
 indefinitiv = partitiv
 objektiv = akuzativ
 mutativ = translativ
 prosekutiv = prolativ

Přivlastňovací přípony
Finština nemá přivlastňovací zájmena, místo nich využívá genitivu osobních zájmen. V psané finštině je navíc ještě přivlastňovaný předmět doplněn zvláštní příponou vyjadřující vlastnictví. Taková přípona se může samozřejmě přidávat za pádové přípony. V některých případech se mohou zájmena i zcela vypouštět.

Příklady:
 minun autoni — "moje auto"
 vaimosi — "tvá manželka"
 hänen talostansa/hänen talostaan — "z jeho (jejího) domu"

Finština nemá ani přivlastňovací přídavná jména. Také místo nich využívá genetivu.

Příklad:
 isän auto — "otcovo auto"

Slovesa

Ohýbání sloves
Podobně jako můžeme najít vzory u ohýbání substantiv, můžeme je najít i u ohýbání sloves. Jejich systém se v publikacích liší. Jeden z nich je zde:

 1. třída saa/da ("dostat")
 2. třída puhu/a ("mluvit")
 3. třída má dvě podtřídy
 podtřída 3a) má tři vzory
 vzor tul/la ("přijít")
 vzor sur/ra ("smutnit")
 vzor pan/na ("položit")
 podtřída 3b)nous/ta ("postavit se")
 4. třída má tři podtřídy
 podtřída 4a) halu/ta ("chtít")
 podtřída 4b) tarvi/ta ("potřebovat")
 podtřída 4c) vanhe/ta ("stárnout")

Kromě těchto tříd je možno se setkat i s několika nepravidelnými slovesy, třeba nähdä ("vidět") nebo olla ("být")

Časy
Finština má čtyři slovesné časy
 předminulý (plusquamperfektum) – vytváří se pomocí slovesné spony v minulém čase a činného příčestí minulého času.
 minulý (imperfektum, které je ale vlastně préteritem)
 předpřítomný (perfektum) – vytváří se pomocí slovesné spony v přítomném čase a činného příčestí minulého času.
 přítomný (prézens)

Finština nemá budoucí čas, který nahrazuje buď opisnými tvary nebo přítomným časem. Pomocí pádových koncovek přidávaných k odvozeninám ze sloves se dá vyjádřit i určitá průběhovost děje.

Příklady:
 Minä olin mennyt. — "Šel jsem (před tím, než se něco stalo)."
 Minä menin. — "Šel jsem."
 Minä olen mennyt. — "Šel jsem (před chvílí)."
 Minä menen. — "Jdu."
 Minä aion mennä. — "Půjdu." ("Plánuju jít.")
 Minä olen menossa. — "Jdu (právě teď)." ("Jsem v chození.")

Záporné věty se vytvářejí pomocí záporného slovesa

Záporné sloveso
Česká záporka u sloves "ne-" se vyjadřuje pomocí zvláštního záporného slovesa, které se pojí se slovesem v první nebo druhé osobě bez přípony osobu vyjadřující.

Příklady:
 Minä en puhu. — "Nemluvím."
 Hän ei puhu. — "Nemluví."
 Etkö sinä puhu? — "Nemluvíš?"
 Minä puhun. — "Mluvím."

Záporné věty v minulých časech se vytvářejí pomocí záporného slovesa, slovesné spony a činného minulého příčestí. Slovesná spona je buď tvořena z přítomného času slovesa "být", nebo také činným minulým příčestím tohoto slovesa.

Příklady:
 Minä en mene. — "Nejdu."
 Minä en mennyt. — "Nešel jsem."
 Minä en ole mennyt. — "Nešel jsem (před chvílí)."
 Minä en ollut mennyt. — "Nešel jsem (před tím, než se něco stalo)."
 Minä en ollut ollut.  — "Nebyl jsem (před tím, než se něco stalo)."

Slovesné způsoby
Finština používá slovesa ve čtyřech slovesných způsobech
 oznamovací (indikativ)
 rozkazovací (imperativ)
 podmiňovací (kondicionál)
 potenciál

První tři jsou prakticky stejné jako v češtině. Potenciálem se vyjadřuje možnost nebo pravděpodobnost. Používá se jen zřídka.

Někdy se za pátý způsob považuje eventiv, který je kombinací podmiňovacího způsobu a potenciálu. Používal se ve staré literatuře a je možné ho nalézt třeba v historickém eposu Kalevala.

Příklady:
 Sinä puhut. — "Mluvíš."
 Puhu! — "Mluv!"
 Älä puhu! — "Nemluv!"
 Puhukaa! — "Mluvte!"
 Älkää puhuko!" — "Nemluvte!"
 Puhuisit." — "Mluvil bys."
 Olisit puhunut." — "Mluvil bys." (minulý čas)
 Puhuttaisiin." — "Mluvilo by se." (podmiňovací způsob trpného rodu)

Slovesný rod
Finština má jak činný (aktivní), tak trpný (pasivní) slovesný rod. Trpný rod se využívá mnohem více než v češtině. V hovorové finštině se tvary trpného rodu někdy přenášejí i do činného rodu. Trpný rod se vytváří z kořene infinitivu přidáním koncovky -Kaan (K představuje souhlásku) v případě přítomného času a koncovek -tiin nebo -ttiin v případě minulého času. Samozřejmostí je například existence zvláštního tvaru pro podmiňovací způsob trpného rodu.

Přítomný čas trpného rodu
Přítomný čas trpného rodu se tvoří tak, že se k slabému samohláskovému nebo souhláskovému (pokud jej sloveso má) kmenu připojí přípona -taan/-tään. Pokud kmen slovesa končí na samohlásku -a/-ä, dochází k změně na -e. Slovesa, jejichž infinitiv končí na -da/-dä, mají příponu daan/dään. Slovesa, která mají infinitivní koncovku -la/-lä, -na/-nä nebo -ra/-rä, mají příponu pasivu -laan/-lään, -naan/-nään nebo -raan/-rään. Verba kontrakta, která mají v infinitivu koncovku -ta, připojují v pasivu pouze příponu -an/-än přímo k infinitivu. Záporný tvar pasivu se utvoří z kladného pasivu odtržením koncového -an/-än a přidáním záporného slovesa ei. Tudíž jsou tvary některých sloves shodné s tvary infinitivu.

Minulý čas trpného rodu
Minulé pasivum se tvoří obdobně jako pasivum přítomného času. Koncovka se připojuje k samohláskovému nebo souhláskovému (pokud jej sloveso má) kmenu. Pokud se připojuje k samohláskovému kmenu s krátkou samohláskou na konci, je přípona -ttiin. V ostatních případech je přípona -tiin. Stejně jako v případě přítomného pasiva dochází ke změně samohlásky -a/-ä na konci kmenu na -e. Záporný tvar minulého pasivu dostaneme odtržením -iin od kladného minulého pasiva a přidáním koncovky -u/-y. Přípony záporného minulého pasiva jsou tedy -ttu/-tty a -tu/-ty. Tento tvar je shodný s tvarem minulého pasivního participia. Verba kontrakta se na rozdíl od přítomného pasiva tvoří tak, že k souhláskovému kmeni připojíme koncovku tiin/tiin.

Předpřítomný a předminulý čas trpného rodu
Tvoří se pomocným slovesem olla a tvarem minulého pasivního participia (přípony -ttu/-tty a -tu/-ty, viz minulý čas trpného rodu). Sloveso olla je v předpřítomném pasivu ve tvaru on/ei ole a v předminulém pasivu ve tvaru oli/ei ollut. Sloveso olla je jen v těchto tvarech, protože trpný rod má pouze jeden tvar.

Předpřítomný čas trpného rodu:
 on annettu - ei ole annettu
 on tehty - ei ole tehty
 on menty - ei ole menty

Předminulý čas trpného rodu:
 oli annettu - ei ollut annettu
 oli tehty - ei ollut tehty
 oli menty - ei ollut menty

Posesivní konstrukce
Finština nemá sloveso "mít", ale nahrazuje je, podobně jako ruština, opisem, který se asi nejlépe dá vyjádřit jako "u někoho je něco" nebo také "na někom je něco".

Příklad:
 Minulla on auto. — "Mám auto." ("U mě je auto.")

Neohebné slovní druhy

Příslovce
Příslovce se tvoří pomocí přípon z přídavných jmen podobným způsobem jako v jiných jazycích.

Postpozice
Ačkoliv finština hojně využívá pádových přípon a má celkem mnoho předložek, využívají se i postpozice ("záložky"), které stojí vždy za slovem, ke kterému patří. (Tyto postpozice se vyskytují v dalších více než 300 jazycích.) Pojí se většinou s genetivem nebo partitivem, ale je možno nalézt i jiné kombinace.

Příklady:
 talon edessä — "před domem"
 loppuun asti — "až do konce"

Příklady

Číslovky

Vzorový text

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Finsko-český slovník
 Finsko-český slovník Lingea online
  Příklad vyčasování slovesa
  Finština a její zvláštnosti
  Finnish 101 Learn Finnish online
  Pikantnosti finštiny při přejímání slov
  O Š a Ž ve finštině
  Rozsáhlý přehled vzorů ve finštině na Wikislovníku
 Kaannos.com - Free dictionary

Baltofinské jazyky
Úřední jazyky Evropské unie
Živé jazyky
Jazyky Finska
Jazyky Švédska


Narelle became a 60 Second Advocate in bringing awareness to the issue of sexual abuse.
She downloaded a copy on my book, No Working Title – a life in progress from our website for free by entering the code 'neveragain' at the checkout and shared her reflections.
I will post her thoughts to about 2 mill people we are connected to over different social media platforms and HER voice and HER insight will help enable and give a voice to others.
Go to www.drjohnaking.com/shop select the ebook version of No Working Title and at checkout enter the coupon code 'neveragain' and then shot and post your thoughts on a poem, the book, what struck you, what you learnt, what upset you, anything really.
You don't have to had experienced abuse, in fact I hope you haven't, you just need to have a sense of urgency about helping Give A Voice to those that have.


"Some would have you believe that it's just grand old mansions, castles and the like that are afflicted with sprites and bogles. Stirling Castle, after all – the fabled, favoured seat of the Stuart Kings, has such a catalogue of creeping sprites that you'd need am ectoplasmic 'Who's Who' to keep track of all the stately spooks who linger there. Mind you, it's not just the grand buildings here that harbour hauntings with royal connections. Down by the very foot of Broad Street you'll find the Darnley Coffee House, which some folks say is plagued by a playful poltergeist.
Now, if you hark tae the worthies that write the guide-books you'd think it was just a humble hostel where - once in a while - Lord Henry Darnley, second husband tae Queen Mary, used to rest his head when she'd taken a strop an kicked him out of the Castle for the night. Not quite true. You did rent rooms, but it was, shall we say, a special kind of hostel…the sort where you rented your room by the hour, and it wasn't just ghosties and ghoulies that went bump in the night.
It was there, mere months before he'd be blown up by an assassin's bomb at Kirk o' Field, that Darnley, dandy that he was, dallied awa' the evening after the baptism o' his son, Prince James – who would grow to greatness as James the Sixth o' Scotland an' First o' England.
On that same eve dear Mary was having herself a fine time wae James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, up the street in Bruce of Auchinbowie's house. The same Bothwell, that is, that folk think planned the pyrotechnic passin' o' Hooray Henry. Mary had visited he Earl to give him a gift of a blue silken suit, as a gift for attending the baptism of her heir and – by all accounts – stayed to do the fitting herself.
Charlie an' Camilla don't seem so bad, now, do they?
Could it be that the spook that causes lights tae switch themselves on in dead o' night, an' pots tae hurl themselves around the kitchens of the Coffee House was a 'professional acquaintance' of poor dead Darnley? Perhaps. The café area once served as stables to the brothel, where gents could tie their horses before climbing the stairs to the warm welcome waiting in the rooms above.
An early form o' 'Park an' Ride', in fact!"


text:
We Fight For Employee Rights
An overview of the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
On Behalf of Formisano & Company | Mar 3, 2017 | Family And Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
The United States government understands the importance of family. In the middle of the 20th century, it was believed that the bond between a newborn and its mother were most important. But it became increasingly more apparent that the relationship between a father and his new child is also vitally important to the well-being of both child and parent.
To encourage this relationship, the U.S. created the Family and Medical Leave Act as a means of protecting one's job during the birth of a child. This includes up to twelve weeks of leave for the birth of a new child, or the placement of a child who is up for adoption within one year of placement. This also includes full rights for same-sex couples.
The U.S. also understands that there are times when other family members become ill and are in need of aid from their family members. The FMLA also covers an employee's spouse, child or parent who is stricken with a serious health condition, an employee who is suffering a serious health condition, as well as active military members who are on "covered active duty".
Unfortunately, there are times when an employer does not understand or simply refuses to grant an employee such rights. This could lead to lost wages or even a loss of one's job. If you find yourself in such a situation, you may want to speak with a legal professional familiar with employment law to fight for your rights under the Family and Medical Leave Act and assure that you are not improperly penalized for caring for your family.
Source: United States Department of Labor, "Family and Medical Leave Act," Accessed Feb. 27, 2017
Family And Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
Archives Select Month January 2023 December 2022 November 2022 October 2022 September 2022 August 2022 July 2022 June 2022 May 2022 April 2022 March 2022 February 2022 January 2022 December 2021 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 August 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 August 2020 June 2020 May 2020 March 2020 February 2020 November 2019 September 2019 August 2019 May 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 August 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016
What is workplace retaliation, and what are some signs of it?
The purpose of garden leaves in employment
Retaliation and whistleblowing in Rhode Island
What are your rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act?
Rhode Island's workplace sexual harassment laws
Contact our qualified legal team, located in Cranston, Rhode Island, to schedule an initial consultation today. We offer practical legal advice and quality counsel.
100 Midway Place, Suite 1
Cranston Office Location
Get an Experienced Legal Team
* AV®, AV Preeminent®, Martindale-Hubbell Distinguished and Martindale-Hubbell Notable are certification marks used under license in accordance with the Martindale-Hubbell certification procedures, standards and policies. Martindale-Hubbell® is the facilitator of a peer-review rating process. Ratings reflect the anonymous opinions of members of the bar and the judiciary. Martindale-Hubbell® Peer Review Ratings™ fall into two categories – legal ability and general ethical standards.
© 2023 Formisano & Company • All Rights Reserved


text:
Tilted Forum Project Discussion Community > Tags
Threads Tagged with president
Donate now! Members List Mark Forums Read
What else can the President do to lower gas prices? ( 1 2)
by aceventura3
61 3,610 Tilted Politics
I'm a liberal and I disagree with President Obama on...
Willravel
by mixedmedia
Illegitimate criticisms of President Obama preventing legitimate criticisms ( 1 2 3 4)
136 3,271 Tilted Politics
Twenty Minutes with the President
samcol
by Zeraph
15 862 General Discussion
Parents Protecting Kids From President Obama? ( 1 2 3 4 5 6)
by tzddwl
Ever wanted to have sex with a former president? [NSFW]
PonyPotato
by Baraka_Guru
6 2,175 Found On The Net
Congrats, you're President. Now whatcha gonna do about China?
shakran
by dippin
USA a black president, Iceland a gay Premier. What's next? ( 1 2)
Cynthetiq
by djtestudo
Should President Obama do more than just admonish???? ( 1 2)
by guyy
62 1,949 Tilted Economics
Breaking News- Journalist Throws Shoes at President Bush ( 1 2)
by LoganSnake
62 2,248 Found On The Net
President Elect Barack Obama ( 1 2 3 4 5)
by Strange Famous
How many choices for President do you have?
laconic1
by Willravel
1 610 Tilted Politics
Absurdity of the day: Al Qaeda endorses McCain for President
QuasiMondo
by abaya
13 694 Tilted Politics
Poll: Is It True that President Bush has Been As Unfairly Criticized as Obama Has?
by host
Palin for President!
by Poppinjay
4 566 Found On The Net
Who will be McCain's Vice President? ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)
Why Obama will be president ( 1 2)
pocon1
by Tophat665
63 1,452 Tilted Fun Zone
Who will be Obama's Vice President? ( 1 2 3 4)
by pan6467
Paris Hilton is running for president
toreyray
by simulacrality
19 1,084 Tilted Entertainment
What qualities do you want the next U.S. President to have?
Miss Mango
by girldetective
Kenyan president names opposition chief prime minister
by ottopilot
SOTU 2008: Identifying President Bush's Lies and Intentioanlly Misleading Statements
by guy44
Is American "conservatism" and the President's Oath of Office, Incompatible?
by dc_dux
Poll: Amen, Mr. President ( 1 2 3)
Republican Fred Thompson officially Announces Candidacy for President. Good News, Or? ( 1 2 3)
by Ustwo
Ron Paul ISN'T Solution for Wealth Distribution, Economy, & President out of Control
Can Partisan Spin Rehab 3rd Consecutive GOP President's "Rep" But Kill Our Pol.Forum
8 1,163 Tilted Politics
Your thoughts on President 2.0
Halx
by Locobot
Is the President Really the President, Or....?
Fake TV Documentary 'Death of a President' Praised, Panned ( 1 2)
Bittertalker
by Astrocloud
doobie
by Glory's Sun
1 724 General Discussion
Should/Can the President be able to pardon himself
by NCB
President's agenda for today: Armageddon . . .
by Lady Sage
President Bush: Honest Head of State, Who Observes/Upholds International Treaties,Or? ( 1 2)
by Ch'i
Now that you're President . . .
The NY Times vs. The President. Who determines the People's Legitimate Right to Know? ( 1 2)
Spiegel Interview with President Ahmadinejad
by Pacifier
Poll: Iranian Letter to President Bush
cyrnel
by Gatorade Frost
5 529 Tilted Fun Zone
Pink (Live) - Dear Mr President
by Kadath
Economic Boom, Detested President, how to run in '06 and '08?
Poppinjay
Tilted Forum Project
-- vBulletin 3 ---- TFP Green ---- insigtest ---- Insignia ---- fromBasics Dark ------ fromBasics Dark wide ---- I-Bulletin ---- 2e_forest ---- BlackSmart ---- Rooq ---- Desert Sand ---- USFTECH ---- bo20 ---- vbMobile
Contact Us - Tilted Forum Project - Archive - Top
© 2002-2012 Tilted Forum Project
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361


text:
Recent graduates from Glenns Ferry High School
"Many families in our community focus on day-to-day survival," says Chris Spriggs, a high school English teacher in the Glenns Ferry School District located along the Snake River in southeastern Idaho. "They may be forced to pull their children out of school so that the child can work to help with daily necessities like food and rent."
Aside from struggling with the effects of poverty, educators in isolated schools in rural districts like Glenns Ferry often wear multiple hats and do their best for students, even when tight budget lead to difficult decisions regarding what a school can offer.
In a move to increase student engagement, the Glenns Ferry School District joined NW RISE in 2014. NW RISE, which stands for Northwest Rural Innovation and Student Engagement, is an educator network that brings together rural teachers, principals, and superintendents from participating school districts, along with state education agency staff. Facilitated by Education Northwest, the NW RISE teams meet face-to-face twice a year and communicate virtually throughout the year through webinars and other online platforms. Participants work in job-alike groups—for example, language arts teachers work together—to share best practices and common issues and collaborate on action inquiry projects designed to increase student engagement; it's an opportunity that's not available in small schools where there may be only one teacher in a particular content area. The result is an educator support network that focuses on enhancing the experience of students.
Over the last school year, Spriggs and colleagues from other NW RISE schools in Genesee, Idaho, and White Pass, Washington worked together on a writing project that focused on argumentation. Students from the three schools shared their writing on the same topic online, giving each other directed peer feedback. "It was such a rewarding, eye-opening project for my students," says Spriggs. "It showed them that kids from all over the Northwest are learning the same material they are studying. It made them step outside of their comfort zones, and truly increased the quality of work that they submitted. The project was a definite success." This year, schools from Dayville and Blachly, Oregon are joining the writing project.
Some educators may think it's just 'more work' attending the NW RISE conferences and online sessions, but what they fail to realize is that it's not more work; it's better work. Instead of relying solely upon myself, I can now email, call, or meet online with educators in my subject area who understand the complexities and frustrations of working in a community with limited resources and its own unique issues. Together, we work to resolve these issues through communication, shared resources, and shared experiences. Our lessons, our strategies, and our time become more efficient and effective because we are no longer wasting time trying to fit a 'square peg into a round hole.' —Glenns Ferry School District English Teacher Chris Spriggs
Glenns Ferry Superintendent Cody Fisher has seen a closer focus on rigor, student engagement, and continuous improvement among teachers, which he attributes to belonging to the NW RISE network. "It forms a sense of professionalism for our teachers in representing our school and themselves," Fisher says. "And, it helps us collaborate and work with other educators who have very similar make-ups and face the same challenges we face in educating our students."
As Education Northwest enters its 50th year, we are taking time to look at what's happening in the five Pacific Northwest states that make up our region. Focused on Idaho, this article looks at an innovative project that's helping rural schools connect with each other and increase student engagement. See also our blog post on how Idaho's shifting economy impacts education and how a research alliance is using data to improve student outcomes in the state.


text:
Q: Can't change the background color of windows which are inside another window I want to change the background color of a STATIC window, both - on load and change it on runtime. So far I have been able to change the color the following way:
    case WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC:
    {
        HDC hdcStatic = (HDC)wParam;
        SetTextColor(hdcStatic, RGB(200, 200, 20));
        SetBkColor(hdcStatic, RGB(10, 10, 10));
        SetBkMode(hdcStatic, TRANSPARENT);
        return (INT_PTR)CreateSolidBrush(RGB(30, 30, 30));
    }

Everything works fine and the background color gets changed, except for any STATIC windows, which are inside another static window:
HWND mainContainer = CreateWindowEx
(
    0,
    _TEXT("STATIC"),
    "",
    WS_TABSTOP | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_SOLID,
    10, 10, 500, 500,
    hwnd,
    NULL,
    (HINSTANCE)GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWLP_HINSTANCE),
    NULL
);

HWND subItem = CreateWindowEx
(
    0,
    _TEXT("STATIC"),
    "SubItem",
    WS_TABSTOP | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_SOLID,
    10, 10, 100, 100,
    mainContainer,
    NULL,
    (HINSTANCE)GetWindowLong(mainContainer, GWLP_HINSTANCE),
    NULL
);

In this case the mainContainer color gets changed, but not the background color for subItem. Any ideas why this is happening? Thank you!

A: The message WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC will be sent only to the parent window, but not parent's parent window.
According to About Static Controls :

The window procedure for the predefined static control window class
  performs default processing for all messages that the static control
  procedure does not process.

The WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC is not in the list that it process. So The predefined window procedure will passes the message to DefWindowProc for default processing.
(We really don't often put a static window inside another static window. This is not a common operation. So you should reset the parent window of subItem to hwnd.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The BO Bands forex trading strategy delivers accurate and precise swing trading signals that traders can rely on.
The strategy is a blend that allows you measure volatility alongside trend, in order to make the best of your trading signals.
If the dark violet histogram of the Turn_Area.ex4 custom indicator forms above the 0.00 signal level, price is said to be pushed to the upside i.e. a signal to buy the pair of focus.
If price opens and closes above the lime colored middle line of the binary-options-bands custom indicator as shown on Fig. 1.0, the sentiment in the market is said to be bullish. Watch how price trades along the upper red band of the binary-options-bands MT4 indicator, an indication that the prevalent trend is bullish, hence we recommend a buy entry.
If the dark violet histogram of the Turn_Area.ex4 custom indicator forms below the 0.00 signal level during an ongoing bullish trend, it is an indication of halting buy pressures, hence an exit or take profit is advised.
If price closes below the lime colored middle line of the binary-options-bands, it is an indication of weaning bulls pressure i.e. a trigger to exit or take profit at once.
If the dark violet histogram of the Turn_Area.ex4 custom indicator forms below the 0.00 signal level, price is said to be pressured lower i.e. a signal to sell the currency of focus.
If price opens and closes below the lime colored middle line of the binary-options-bands custom indicator as shown on Fig. 1.1, the market sentiment is said to be bearish. Watch how price trades along the lower dodger blue band of the binary-options-bands MT4 indicator, an indication that the prevalent market trend is bearish, hence we recommend a sell entry.
If the dark violet histogram of the Turn_Area.ex4 custom indicator forms above the 0.00 signal level during an ongoing bearish trend, it is an indication of weaning bears pressures, hence an exit or take profit is advised.
If price closes above the lime colored middle line of the binary-options-bands, it is an indication of halting bears pressure i.e. a trigger to exit or take profit at once.
The binary-options-bands custom indicator is a band that resembles the Bollinger Bands, but is set a default period of 61.8.
You can play around with this value to get a setting that suits your preference.


Light locator is an odd combination of the old familiar guess the number game, and a side scrolling adventure.
In the game, take on the roll of special detective Henry Johnson. I'm not exactly sure what sort of detective he is, since while you might expect that a detective is responsable for detecting crimes and catching criminals, the thing in Light Locator that Mr. Johnson is responsable for detecting is a bomb, a huge, very powerful and extremely radioactive bomb at that.
In the game, a group of terrorists have planted a bomb in a tall sky scraper with 100 floors, each containing 10 rooms. Fortunately for you, the rooms are very empty, and the building is equipped with a highly efficient elevator system which can run you to each room as you go. Unfortunately, your only method of detecting the bomb is a geiger counter which tracks it's radioactivity, meaning you need to use logic and deduction to find what room it's in and deactivate it. Even more unfortunately, your time is extremely limited. Depending upon the difficulty chosen, you could have as much as three minutes to find the bomb, or as little as a single minute, and since using the elevators and running from room to room takes time, expect to have a tough challenge ahead of you, especially in hard mode.
The game is entirely self-voicing, with great sound effects and a tense musical score, plus a special bonus should you manage to track down the bomb on hard mode. Also, the game is entirely free.
If all this sounds interesting, you can here a Review of Light locator here recorded by chris Skarstad.


My second time back in Tenggol Island for another round of diving. There were many sites I missed the first time round– so I decided to head back to explore some more! You can read about the island and how to get to it in my previous post:- Scuba Diving in Malaysia's Pulau Tenggol. I was with a smaller group for this trip, and some of the dives were lead by the resident Dive Master and Instructor from the Tenggol Island Beach Resort Dive Center.


Ideal Shield Square Bollard Covers are made of 1/4″ Thermoplastic Polyethylene (LDPE) with ultra-violet and anti-static additives and made to fit over 4″ square tube pipe, with a height of 42″. Available in any color, the Square Bollard Covers are designed with a sleeker look and a pointed top to enhance the aesthetics of security posts and steel bollards at storefronts, parking lots, facilities, campuses and more.
The only information we need from you is the size of your pipe you want to cover. When you receive your material, the insert inside of the bollard cover. All you have to do is slide your deco cover over your steel pipe.
Each bollard cover is delivered with two pieces of our patented foam neoprene tape. You will apply the neoprene tape around the circumference of the steel bollard 3'' down from top of post and 3'' up from bottom of the post. Once the tape is applied, you will slide the bollard cover over and you should hear air squeezing out between the post and sleeve creating a vacuum seal. If the above directions are followed correctly, the Ideal Shield Bollard Cover should fit tight with no gaps.


Runkles Construction Co Remodeling Contractors - Runkles Construction Co Gaithersburg, MD Bathroom, Kitchen, Basement Remodel & Major Renovation Online.
Well Done! You have successfully navigated through our Remodeling Contractors section to find Runkles Construction Co in Gaithersburg, MD remodeling contractor.
You will find any remodeling areas of specialty for Runkles Construction Co listed as well as the remodeler's address and phone number. Additional information about Runkles Construction Co will be displayed if available.