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text:
Q: simple php code to delphi code I would like to write that code in delphi , i have tried to do it but no luck
$uid = $i=0; while($i<12){ $i++;}
$uid += floor(rand() * 10);

which it generate a random integer like this 106128013013
how it can be done in delphi ??
i took php code from here
https://code.google.com/p/rapidleech36b/source/browse/trunk/upl/asixfiles.com_free.php?spec=svn130&r=130
// edit
this code generate only 8 digits and only last number changes
while i < 12 do
begin
inc(i);
end;

uid := uid + floor(random * 10);

i need this number for uploading files to xfilesharing pro  script like the code in the php
i found javascript code in the script it self
 var UID='';
    for(var i=0;i<12;i++)UID+=''+Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);

A: Basic "pseudo-code" transcription is this
uid = 0
i = 0
while i < 12
begin
  i = i + 1
end
uid = uid + floor(rand * 10)

Description of the PHP rand function is here: http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.rand.php
Description of the floor function is here: http://cz1.php.net/manual/en/function.floor.php
To me it looks like the piece of code just calls a library function that generates random number. Delphi also has a Rand function - use your help file (I don't have it anymore).
Whatever is the reason why you want to write it in Delphi - there is no hidden gem in the referenced code worse the trouble
EDIT:
pseudo-code of the JavaScript code is
UID := ''
for i := 1 to 12
begin
  UID := UID + Math.floor(Math.random() * 10)
end

Explanation of Math.random is here https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/random
Explanation of Math.floor is here https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/floor
Again - there is no hidden magic inside
EDIT:
So the code generates string of 12 random digits. Some tips on how to generate string of random characters in Delphi can be found here: Generate three random characters in Delphi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
10 Bad and Dangerous Mystery Stories
By John Townsend (Author), Isobel Lundie (Illustrator)
by John Townsend, Isobel Lundie
Prepared to be scared with these 10 creepy mysteries about strange events, places, and creatures. They're perfect for reading round the campfire or under the blanket with a flashlight.
Unsolved and unexplained tales have the power to spark our imaginations, chill our nerves, and send an icy shiver down our spines. And these 10 spooky, funny, and slightly gruesome stories will enthrall and excite young readers, introducing a new generation to the pleasures of the supernatural and science fiction. What happened to the man on the Dallas plane who got up to go to the bathroom—and was never seen again? Who (or what) was the man-eater who claimed at least 100 victims in the 1760s in France? Did a family on vacation in Canada actually glimpse Bigfoot? From "The Doomed Ship" to "Murder in the Mountains," every scary tale will have you shaking and wondering what's true . . . and what's not!
John Townsend worked as a teacher before becoming a full-time writer of children's books. He specializes in fun, exciting nonfiction books for reluctant readers, as well as fast-paced fiction and "fiction with facts" books.
Isobel Lundie studied illustration and animation at Kingston University. Her books include Alice Down the Rabbit Hole, Fairies Color By Numbers, Monsters Color By Numbers, and Mystery Pictures.
Pub Date: 11/3/2020
Price: $8.95 / $11.95 CAN
Pages: 128 pages, 10 b-w illus.
Trim: 5 x 7.75 Inches
Age Range: 7 and up
Publisher: Salariya
Series: Shivers
Big Green Helicopter
Big Purple Car
Big Yellow Submarine
Big Orange Plane
Interview with the Ghost of Qin Shi Huang

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Genoma completo del cloroplasto de Caulerpa racemosa (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) y un análisis comparativo de los plastomas de algas marinas sifonáceas.
The green algal order Bryopsidales is mostly comprised of large conspicuous siphonous seaweeds. From this green algal order, a de novo chloroplast genome was sequenced for Caulerpa racemosa. The plastid genome was circular and lacked the inverted repeat commonly found in vascular green plants. The C. racemosa genome was 176,522 base pairs long and represents the largest plastid genome currently known for the Bryopsidales. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the addition of previously published bryopsidalean plastome data. Overall, the genome contained a similar gene complement to other bryopsidalean species. However, C. racemosa was missing the ycf47 gene that encodes for P-P-bond-hydrolysis-driven amino acid involved in protein translocation across the thylakoid membrane. Phylogenomic analysis, based on a 50-gene dataset, supported the current taxonomy for C. racemosa and was similar to previously published Bryopsidales phylogenies. Specifically, the monophyly of suborders Bryopsidineae and Halimedineae was strongly supported. Mauve based synteny analyses suggested several genomic rearrangement events in both suborders. Overall, there were more rearrangements in the Halimedineae as compared to the Bryopsidineae. When compared to other species of this order, the larger genome size of C. racemosa was due to more abundant and longer introns, more intergenic space, and the presence of large open reading frames (ORFs). Several of these relatively large ORFs are potentially from a horizontal gene transfer event from bacteria. Bacterial-related ORFs include several methyl-transferases, restriction endonuclases, and a DNA polymerase. Many of the aforementioned bacterial genes were found to be present in other green algal species and may represent pleisomorphic horizontal gene transfer events from bacterial to the plastid genomes to these siphonous marine plants.
Keywords: Bryopsidales, chloroplast genome, genetic analyses, plastomes, siphonous algae.
El orden de algas verdes Bryopsidales está compuesto principalmente por organismos sifonales conspicuos y grandes. De este orden de algas verdes fue secuenciado un genoma de cloroplasto de novo de Caulerpa racemosa. El genoma plastidial fue circular y careció de la repetición invertida que se ha encontrado comúnmente en las plantas verdes vasculares. El genoma de C. racemosa fue de 176,522 pares de bases de longitud y representa el genoma más grande de plástidos actualmente conocido para las Bryopsidales. Se realizaron análisis genómicos comparativos y filogenéticos con la adición de los datos previamente publicados de plastomas bryopsidaleanos. En general, el genoma contuvo un complemento de genes similar a otras especies del grupo. Sin embargo, a C. racemosa le faltó el gen ycf47 que codifica la unión P-P inducida por hidrólisis de aminoácidos implicada en la translocación de proteínas través de la membrana del tilacoide. Los análisis filogenómicos, basado en un conjunto de datos de 50 genes, apoyaron la taxonomía actual de C. racemosa y fue similar a filogenias de Bryopsidales previamente publicadas. Específicamente, la monofilia de subórdenes Bryopsidineae y Halimedineae fue fuertemente soportada. Los análisis de Mauve basados en sintenia sugieren varios eventos de reordenamiento genómico en ambos subórdenes. En general, hubo más reordenamientos en Halimedineae en comparación con el Bryopsidineae. Cuando se compara con otras especies de este orden, el gran genoma de C. racemosa se distingue por intrones más abundantes y más largos, más espacio intergénico y la presencia de grandes arreglos de lectura abiertos (ORF). Varios de estos relativamente grandes ORFs son potencialmente de un evento de transferencia horizontal de genes de bacterias. ORFs relacionados con las bacterianas incluyen varias metil-transferasas, endonucleasas de restricción y un ADN polimerasa. Muchos de los genes bacterianos mencionados se encontraron que están presente en otras especies de algas verdes y puede representar eventos de transferencia horizontal de genes pleisomórficos de las bacterias a los genomas de plástidos de algas marinas sifonáceas.
Palabras clave: algas sifonales, análisis genéticos, Bryopsidales, genoma del cloroplasto, plastomas.
The division Chlorophyta is a species rich group strictly comprised of green algal organisms that contain chlorophylls a and b (Graham et al. 2009). The Chlorophyta lineage is sister to the Streptophyta lineage, a plant division that includes some green algae, mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and vascular plants (Lewis & McCourt 2004; Leliaert et al. 2012). The split between the two lineages has been estimated to have occurred ~936 million years ago (Becker 2013; Parfrey et al. 2011). Although not as well studied as the Streptophyta, chlorophytan species exhibit a vast array of morphological and ecological diversity. They exhibit a wide array of morphologies, a few examples include: single celled organisms that form palmelloid colonies (Zechman et al. 2010), flagellated free-living organisms (Pröschold et al. 2001), multicellular macrophytic blades (Melton et al. 2015), filamentous thalli with a single nucleus per cell (Rindi & Lopez-Bautista 2009), filamentous thalli with multiple nuclei per cell (Leliaert et al. 2007), calcified uninuclear siphons (Olsen et al. 1994), and multinuclear siphons (Lam & Zechman 2006). The Chlorophyta are ubiquitous and can be found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats (Graham et al. 2009). Recent systematic assessments of this division based on phylogenomic analyses inferred a large well-supported monophyletic group, which included taxa in the classes Chlorodendrophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Pedinophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, and Ulvophyceae and was branded as the "core Chlorophyta" clade (Fučíková et al. 2014).
Within the "core Chlorophyta", the order Byopsidales (class Ulvophyceae) is comprised of 564 marine species and a single freshwater species all with siphonous thalli (Guiry & Guiry 2015). In other words, the vegetative thallus is a single undivided cell, which contains multiple nuclei that arose from mitosis without cytokinesis (Leliaert et al. 2015). A systematic revision of the Bryopsidales erected two suborders, the Bryopsidineae (including the genera Bryopsis, Codium, and Derbesia) and the Halimedineae (Caulerpa, Halimeda, and Udotea), and was based on morphological attributes within the grouping (Hillis-Colinvaux 1984). Based on Hillis-Colinvaux's assessment (Hillis-Colinvaux 1984) there are several important morphological features that distinguish the two suborders. The Halimedineae have two types of plastids (heteroplasty), amyloplasts and chloroplast, while Bryopsidineae species have only chloroplasts (homoplasty). Sexual reproduction characteristics also differ in the two suborders. The Bryopsidineae reproduce with septa separating the reproductive cells from the rest of the thallus, while the Halimedineae lack septa and reproduce in a holocarpic manner where most of the vegetative thallus is filled with gametes (Hillis-Colinvaux 1984). After the release of gametes, the greater majority of the protoplasm is lost with an empty "ghost thallus" remaining (Kooistra 2002). It should be noted that Caulerpella is an exception to this rule as the genus has been reported to be nonholocarpic (Fama et al. 2002). Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the large subunit of the plastid-encoded gene RuBisCO supported the monophyly of both suborders and placed the cryptic genus Pseudocodium, which superficially looks like Codium but exhibits heteroplasty with Halimedineae taxa (Lam & Zechman 2006). Subsequent phylogenies using the same molecular marker inferred that the marine genera Avrainvillea and Cladocephalus formed a robustly supported clade along with the freshwater species Dichotomosiphon tuberosus (Curtis et al. 2008). A time-calibrated multilocus (five plastid markers and one nuclear locus) phylogeny inferred the separation of the two suborders to have occurred in the Early Paleozoic, approximately 465 million years ago (Verbruggen et al. 2009).
Clearly, molecular based systematic analyses have increased our understanding of bryopsidalean evolutionary processes. Recent technological advances in high throughput DNA sequencing currently offer a wealth of gene data at a fraction of the cost of Sanger-based sequencing methods. Because chloroplasts are abundant in most macrophytes and each individual chloroplast contains multiple copies of genomic DNA, plastid genomes (plastomes) are a common target for botanical based studies (Lutz et al. 2011). The Bryopsidales are not an exception to this trend, with three completed chloroplast genomes currently published (Lü et al. 2011; Leliaert & Lopez-Bautista 2015). Within the suborder Halimedineae, the complete chloroplast genome (105,200 base pairs (bp)) of Tydemania expeditionis was recently assembled and annotated (Leliaert & Lopez-Bautista 2015). For the suborder Bryopsidineae two species of Bryopsis have been assembled and annotated. B. hypnoides (153,429 bp) and B. plumosa (106,859 bp) have published plastomes (Lü et al. 2011; Leliaert & Lopez-Bautista 2015). All three plastomes were published as circular contigs (Lü et al. 2011; Leliaert & Lopez-Bautista 2015).
In order to infer the evolutionary history of this order of green algae, we have sequenced, de novo assembled, and performed annotations for the chloroplast genome of one bryopsidalean species, Caulerpa racemosa. Although there have been chloroplast genome analyses for C. sertularoides (Leh-man & Manhart 1997) through Southern hybridization/analysis and restriction fragments analysis and partial plastid genome data (~ 30,000 bp, 23 genes) for C. filiformis, C. racemosa represent the first completely sequenced genome for the family Caulerpaceae. Here we present, a phylogenomic inference based on protein-coding plastid genes. In addition, we infer genomic rearrangement events for all taxa in the order with currently completed plastomes.
C. racemosa (voucher UNA00072801) was collected from La Parguera, Isla Magueyes, Enrique, Puerto Rico, USA on November 11, 2014. DWL identified these samples based on the two taxonomic keys (Littler & Littler 2000; Littler et al. 2008). DNA was extracted from silica-gel-dried C. racemosa using the E.Z.N.A. Plant DNA Extraction Kit (Omega Bio-tek Norcross, GA USA) following the protcol therein. For this species, a paired-end 101 bp library was constructed using the standard Illumina Truseq adapter. MiSeq DNA sequencing was performed at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA) on a multiplexed sequencing run that contained two other algal species. This run generated 2,862,510 paired-end reads (2 x 101 bp).
The dataset was downloaded to the Alabama Supercomputer Center's Dense Memory Cluster (DMC). Fastq formatted files were quality checked using the software packages fastQValidator (https://github.com/statgen/fastQValidator) and fastqc (http://www.bioinformatics.bbsrc.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/). The A5 Assembly pipeline (Tritt et al. 2012) was used to remove ambiguous and low quality portions of the raw read data, correct for sequencing errors, assembly, scaffolding, and reassembly using 120 gigabytes of RAM and a single processing core. In order to identify the chloroplast genome from the rest of the data, all contigs from the de novo assembly were compared against a custom local dataset comprised of protein coding sequences (CDS) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) regions from previously published bryopsidalean chloroplast genomes: Bryopsis hypnoides (GenBank accession number NC_013359.1), Bryopsis plumosa (NC_026795.1), and Tydemania expeditionis (NC_026796.1) via MegaBLAST (Morgulis et al. 2008) with an E-value threshold of < 1x10-10 through Geneious v 7.9 (Biomatters, http://www.geneious.com) using ten processing threads. The linear contigs had identical sequence data (~100 bp) on both ends. Subsequently, one of the identical sequence ends was removed and the contig was circularized in Geneious. In order to edit the nucleotide data for the contigs, the original raw read data was trimmed of low-quality bases and adapters sequences by Trim Galore! (http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/trim_galore/). Trimmed reads were mapped on to the chloroplast contig in Geneious and a majority rule consensus sequences was created.
Annotations were made in Geneious by mapping the aforementioned previously published gene regions to the de novo plastome. For protein-coding genes open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in Geneious using a bacterial/plant plastid genetic code. Matching annotations were double-checked by BLASTx (Gish & States 1993) against the non-redundant NCBI database. Relatively large ORFs (> 700 bps) that did not match any of the aforementioned gene annotations were are also queried against the NCBI non-redundant database for potential gene homology to other organisms in GenBank. Intron-exon boundaries for protein coding genes were identified by translational alignment in Geneious. For rRNA genes these boundaries were inferred by MAFFT (Katoh & Standley 2013) alignments as implemented in Geneious. Transfer RNA (tRNA) gene predictions were made using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe & Eddy 1997) with the following parameters: search mode set to "Organellar", searching with Cove only (cutoff score = 15), Covariance model tRNA2.cm, max intron + var. length = 40, and pseudogene checking disabled. The C. racemosa plastome is available for download as NCBI/GenBank accession KT946602.
Maximum likelihood tree based on atpA, atpB, atpE, atpF, atpH, atpI, clpP, infA, petA, petB, petG, psaA, psaB, psaC, psaJ, psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE, psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ, psbK, psbL, psbN, psbT, rbcL, rpl2, rpl5, rpl14, rpl16, rpl20, rpl23, rpl36, rps3, rps4, rps7, rps8, rps9, rps11, rps12, rps14, rps18, rps19, tufA, ycf3, ycf4, and ycf12 genes with a GTR + G model implemented in RAxML (Stamatakis 2014). Poorly aligned regions were masked using Gblocks (Talavera & Castresana 2007). Nodal support values were based on 1000 bootstrap replicates. Prasinophyte taxa were used to root this phylogeny.
From Treebase (http://treebase.org/), the nucleotide alignment from Fučíková et al. (2014) was downloaded (study 16203 id M24024). The concatenated dataset was separated into individual alignments by gene. Transcriptome sequence data for the taxon Codium decorticatum was removed from this dataset because its nucleotide similarity was nearly identical to published sequences for Bryopsis plumosa (Leliaert & Lopez-Bautista 2015). We added corresponding gene data from the following ulvophycean species: Bryopsis plumosa (GenBank NC_026795.1), Caulerpa racemosa (this study), Tydemania expeditionis (NC_026796.1), and Ulva sp. (GenBank KP720616.1). As in Fučíková et al. (2014), the psaM, rpl32, and the highly variable ycf1 gene were not included in the concatenated dataset. The single gene datasets were realigned with MAFFT and concatenated into a single alignment using Sequence Matrix (Vaidya et al. 2011). Hypervariable regions of the alignment were removed from the dataset using the Gblocks (Talavera & Castresana 2007) web server http://molevol.cmima.csic.es/castresana/Gblocks_server.html) allowing for smaller final blocks, gap positions within the final blocks, less strict flanking positions and many contiguous non-conserved positions. Phylogenetic analyses were performed in RAxML version 8.0.24 (Stamatakis 2014) with a GTR+G model with rapid bootstrapping (1000 replicates) and subsequent maximum likelihood search on the Alabama supercomputer DMC with 10 cores and 25 gigabytes of RAM.
The C. racemosa plastome was aligned using the progressive Mauve algorithm (Darling et al. 2004) using the full alignment option and automated calculation of locally co-linear block scores.
For C. racemosa, a total of 2,322,843 reads were mapped to the 176,522 bp circular contig with an average coverage per site at 1701.3x and had an overall nucleotide similarity of 99.3% (Fig. 1). There were 76 protein coding genes, 27 tRNA genes, 3 rRNA genes, 18 introns, and 15 ORFs (≥ 700 bps in length) that were annotated to the C. racemosa plastid genome. This is currently the largest known plastid genome for the order Bryopsidales. C. racemosa was missing the ycf47 gene that was found in the bryopsidalean species Bryopsis plumosa and Tydemania expeditionis. However, it should be noted that the overall gene content for C. racemosa is quite similar to that of the previously published bryopsidalean plastomes (Lü et al. 2011; Leliaert & Lopez-Bautista 2015). C. racemosa contained the tilS pseudogene at positions 62,978 to 62,908 (reverse orientation). Likewise, the tilS pseudogene was found in both the Bryopsis and Tydemania plastomes (Leliaert & Lopez-Bautista 2015).
Since the overall gene content for C. racemosa among Bryopsidales is quite similar, the differences in genome size are partially due to variance of intergenetic space and introns. C. racemosa has longer intergenetic regions as compared to Bryopsis plumosa and Tydemania expeditionis. One example of intronic differences is exemplified in the alignment of rrl rRNA gene. The C. racemosa rrl gene contained six introns that increased the gene length from ~3 kbp to over 9 kbp when compared to T. expeditionis.
In the C. racemosa plastome, ORFs (≥ 700 bps in length) are numerous (15 ORFs total). ORFs 4, 5, and 8 when queried against the NCBI nr database were found to be significantly similar (E-values of 6.00 x 10-53, 2.00 x 10-155, and 9.00 x 10-53, respectively) to bacterial DNA methylase proteins. Also in the C. racemosa ORF 6 was significantly similar (E-value < 0.00) to a type I bacterial restriction endonuclease. Restriction endonucleases are used in bacteria as a means of defense against foreign DNA (Arber & Linn 1969). These restriction endonucleases digest DNA at specific restriction sites (Arber & Linn 1969). Meanwhile, the bacteria's host genome is protected biochemically by DNA methylation. It is possible that C. racemosa's plastids seem to exhibit a similar defense mechanism against foreign DNA invasion as many prokaryotic organisms. However, this hypothesis still needs further investigation as expression-based evidence (transcriptomics) is necessary to support this theory. That being said, the most likely means of acquirement is via horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to the host's plastid genome. Multiple bacterial communities have been found inside of the Caulerpa thallus (Delbridge et al. 2004). Furthermore, ORFs of bacterial origin have been found in the plastomes of Bryopsis and Tydemania from previously published studies (Leliaert & Lopez-Bautista 2015), suggesting that transfer of bacterial genes into bryopsidalean plastome is fairly common in the order Bryopsidales. However, plastomes for more Bryopsidales species are necessary to elucidate the evolution of bacterial ORFs in these genomes.
The 50-gene nucleotide alignment of chlorophytan algae was analyzed via maximum likelihood and the resulting phylogeny is depicted as Fig. 2. This tree was rooted with Prasinophytes (sensu lato) taxa. The green algal class Chlorophyceae formed a separate robustly supported (100% bs) clade. However, the monophyly of the classes Trebouxiophyceae and Ulvophyceae were unresolved. In contrast, the order Bryopsidales formed a robustly supported claded (100% bs). Within the order Bryopsidales, the suborders Bryopsidineae and Halmedineae formed separate robustly supported clades (100% bs and 100% bs, respectively), thus supporting the systematic/taxonomic assessment of Hillis-Colinvaux (1984) based on purely morphological observations. In general, the presented phylogenomic analysis is quite similar to previously published trees (Fučíková et al. 2014 ; Lam & Zechman 2006; Lieliaert & Lopez-Bautista 2015; Melton et al. 2015). This being said, more plastid gene data from a more diverse set of chlorophytan species is required before a robustly supported tree for this division of green algae can be inferred.
Based on the inferred monophyly of both suborders in the 50-gene phylogenomic analysis, separate Mauve alignment analyses were conducted for the Bryopsidineae and Halimedineae. These analyses included all currently completed chloroplast genome data for the order Bryopsidales (Lü et al. 2011; Leliaert & Lopez-Bautista 2015; and this study). Fig. 3 represents the plastid genomes of the two members of the suborder Bryopsidineae where colored locally collinear blocks (LCB) represent homologous sequence regions that do not contain major rearrangements. These results were quite similar to the results of Leliaert and Lopez-Bautista (2015). The number of genomic rearrangement in the suborder Bryopsidineae is fewer than the rearrangement events inferred for the suborder Halimedineae (Fig. 4). However, this might be an artifact of taxon sampling as Fig. 3 has two species from the same family/genus (Bryopsidaceae/Bryopsis), while Fig. 4 has two species from two different families (Caulerpaceae and Udoteaceae).
The circular plastid genome of C. racemosa (176,522 bp) is currently the largest completely sequenced plastome for the Bryopsidales. For comparison, the complete chloroplast genome Tydemania expeditionis is 105,200 bp in length. Completed plastomes of Bryopsis hypnoides (153,429 bp) and B. plumosa (106,859 bp) have also been published (Lü et al. 2011; Leliaert & Lopez-Bautista 2015). Overall the genome contained similar gene complements to previously published bryopsidalean plastomes. The larger genome size of C. racemosa was due to differences in number and size of introns, intergenetic spacers, and ORFs. This species had ORFs that were most likely transferred horizontally from bacterial communities. In addition, C. racemosa had ORFs that were significantly similar to bacterial methyl-transferases and a restriction endonuclease genes. Phylogenomic inferences based on a 50-gene dataset supported the current taxonomy and previously published phylogenetic studies. Mauve based synteny analyses suggested several genomic rearrangement events for taxa in both suborders, however there were more extensive rearrangement events in the Halimedineae. Although these genomes are a large step toward the elucidation of the chlorophytan evolution, more plastid genomes from more green algal species are necessary in order to fully unravel the history of this green algal division.
We thank Trey Melton, Ana Tronholm, and David Ward for sample collection. Jeremy McDoniell, Hendrick Adams, and Dustin Steffan assisted DWL with DNA extractions and laboratory protocols. We acknowledge the Alabama Supercomputer Cluster for analysis time on its high performance supercomputer that was used for both short-read assembly and phylogenomic inference. To the College of Arts & Sciences and the Department of Biological Sciences of The University of Alabama for their support. The National Science Foundation through Assembling The Tree of Life for Green Algae GRAToL (DEB 1036495).
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Lehman, R.L. & J.R. Manhart. 1997. A preliminary comparison of restriction fragment patterns in the genus Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) and the unique structure of the chloroplast genome of Caulerpa sertularioides. Journal of Phycology 33: 1055-1062.
Lelieart, F., O. De Clerck, H. Verbruggen, C. Boedeker & E. Coppejans. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of the Siphonocladales (Chlorophyta: Cladophorophyceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 1237-1256.
Leliaert, F., D.R. Smith, H. Moreau, M.D. Herron, H. Verbruggen, C.F. Delwiche & O. DeClerck. 2012. Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the green algae. CRC Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 31: 1-46.
Leliaert, F. & J.M. Lopez-Bautista. 2015. The chloroplast genomes of Bryopsis plumosa and Tydemania expeditionis (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta): compact genomes and genes of bacterial origin. BMC Genomics 16: 204. doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-1418-3.
Lewis, L.A. & R. McCourt. 2004. Green algae and the origin of land plants. American Journal of Botany 91: 1535-1556.
Littler, D.S. & M.M. Littler. 2000. Caribbean reef plants: an identification guide to the reef plants of the Caribbean, Bahamas, Florida, and Gulf of Mexico. D.C. OffShore Graphics, Inc. Washington.
Littler, D.S., Littler, M.M., & M.D. Hanisak.2008. Submersed plants of the Indian River Lagoon: a floristic inventory and field guide. Washington, Offshore Graphics, Inc.
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Pröschold, T., B. Marin, U.G. Schlösser & M. Melkonian. 2001. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Chlamydomonas (Chlorophyta). I. emendation of Clamydomonas Ehrenberg and Chloromonas Gobi, and description of Oogamochlamys gen. nov. and Lobochlamys gen. nov. Protist 152: 265-300.
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GO Players Relive Their Favourite Frag Highlights Of Their Career
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IF you have not started collecting for our £50,000 giveaway, it is as well late to join in. You want to collect TEN Sun Savers codes from the 18 printed until Tuesday. The prize contains kitchen gadgets, AEG appliances, Samsung TVs and an iPad. But if you have started, here is today's code, left. T&Cs apply. We say this with the utmost of surety. For those who have any kind of concerns concerning where by and the way to make use of navigate to this site, you can e-mail us from our page. If you want to get greater at CS:GO, understand to contact shots and locations of both your dying place and the enemy. Carrying out so will give your team an thought of where the enemy is, and hence an upper hand. This is a single of the much more crucial CS:GO pro suggestions.Not already a Sun Savers member? Joining could not be simpler. Just search for Sun Savers in the app shop or visit to sign up right now. That is quite much it, have entertaining playing the game, it really is incredibly satisfying and challenging in techniques that a lot of games are not, and there's Always a bigger fish.It is easy to consider that the folks who play video games for a living are just fortunate enough to have rapidly reflexes that make them good. It is not possible not to be impressed. A half day's tour, a conversation with a group of admirably articulate students and a lengthy discussion with the ebullient headteacher do not provide adequate details to make a report of Ofsted top quality. But, on the evidence of a rigorous, if short, inspection, there can be small doubt that Thomas Telford is what is popularly named a "great college". And yet it remains - in Telford and beyond - a very controversial institution.Not already a Sun Savers member? Joining couldn't be simpler. Just search for Sun Savers in the app shop or check out to sign up today. That's quite much it, have exciting playing the game, it's really satisfying and challenging in techniques that several games are not, and there's Constantly a bigger fish.If you wanted to run your own CS:GO pro group, we'd suggest making use of a comparable format. Begin up by acquiring some individual play time so that all players can warmup. Following that, discover up to an hour to go more than some new tactics, and then go find some other teams to scrim against to test the new techniques for the rest of the evening.Join a league! There are leagues for all various skill levels. Most of the really competitive teams play in CAL or CEVO. Most games are played in a five on five format on pick bomb navigate to this site defuse maps. There are other, significantly less competitive leagues, but most significant players never lend them any respect.Join a league! There are leagues for all various skill levels. Most of the actually competitive teams play in CAL or CEVO. Most games are played in a 5 on 5 format on select bomb defuse maps. There are other, much less competitive leagues, but most critical players never lend them any respect.Nonetheless, right here are some helpful factors that some pro players do to boost it. Mister Crimson decided to go full time as a Street Fighter V player right after a massive win at the Cannes Winter Clash in February 2016. There will be a Sun Savers Everyday Draw each and every day until next Friday and you can enter every day. If you are a fortunate winner we'll be in touch (see terms and situations, beneath, for particulars).The 44-year-old Tong has in reality played to a packed-out tent of 5,000 ravers at the 60,000-capacity Skolbeats occasion in São Paulo the evening ahead of. With 1.2 million watts of sound and 17 hours of music, and sponsored by 'a beer that has all the qualities customers want for party occasions', this is the biggest dance festival in the globe this year. 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Reilly's love for accessories can be seen on almost every one of her clients, creating special and unique twists. Her love of diamond rings especially, and attention to detail is what sets her work apart from the rest and has become somewhat of a "Signature"
Maeve has quickly transitioned into the world of dressing women after years of being focused on men's fashion, working with actors such as Russell Brand, Pete Wentz and Fall Out Boy, Chris Brown, T.I Jordan Fisher and Jamie Foxx.
Reilly's push into women's styling came when she started working with her super star client Janelle Monae, who had previously adapted black and white suiting as her signature look. Because of this Maeve is an expert in knowing how clothes should fit, including expert tailors in all of her fittings to ensure the best possible outcome on the red carpet.
Janelle sparked something in Maeve that has transitioned her into working with some of the industry's most powerful musicians, actresses and models including Hailey Baldwin, Soo Joo Park, Daria Strokous, Mary J Blidge, Monica, Demi Lovato, Rumer Willis, Laura Prepon and Claudia Lee.
Maeve specializes in red carpet, editorial, custom tour design, and advertisement styling as well as image consulting for both men and women. She has also worked on commercials for clients such as Pepsi, Sonos, Jack Daniels and Covergirl.
She continues to create buzz for her clientele with fashion forward and avante garde looks, garnering them numerous "Best Dressed" accolades in publications such as Vogue, Harpers Bazaar, Elle, Vanity Fair, Nylon, Peoples "style watch," Fashion Police, Nylon and "The Red Carpet Fashion Awards."
Maeve has appeared on many TV Shows including E News! and Fashion Police.
This newcomer is certainly one to watch. She received a bachelors degree from The Fashion Institute of Technology located in the heart of the booming fashion district in New York City. Her team of assistants are strong, allowing her to work on multiple projects at once. Maeve has full time assistants in LA, Miami, New York and Atlanta to ensure her clients are covered no matter where they may be based.


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Unfazed by the setback, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton vowed to continue the legal battle to see the law put into action. | Tony Gutierrez/AP
Federal judge blocks Texas immigration law
By TED HESSON
A federal judge in Texas blocked the bulk of the state's immigration law targeting sanctuary cities on Wednesday, a victory for civil rights groups and Democratic-led city governments that oppose the measure.
The order came two days before a Sept. 1 deadline to implement the new law, which seeks to ensure local police cooperate with federal immigration enforcement.
U.S. District Court Judge Orlando Garcia issued a preliminary injunction against most provisions of the measure, known as SB 4. The law authorizes local police to ask about immigration status during routine stops, and threatens police chiefs with misdemeanor charges and fines if they fail to enforce federal immigration laws.
The decision to put the law on a hold is a blow to Texas Gov. Greg Abbott, a Republican, and also to the Trump administration. In June, the Justice Department submitted a legal filing in the case to demonstrate its support.
Five of the six largest cities in Texas — Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, Austin and El Paso — are part of the suit against the law, a fact the judge noted in his order on Wednesday.
"Their cumulative population exceeds six million people," he wrote. "This is representative of the public opposition to SB 4 and the overwhelming public concern about its detrimental effect."
Garcia, appointed by President Bill Clinton, ruled that key provisions of SB 4 conflicted with federal law. At the same time, he noted in the order that Texas law enforcement officers would not be prohibited from inquiring about immigration status during lawful stops, or sharing that information with federal authorities.
Unfazed by the setback, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton vowed to continue the legal battle to see the law put into action.
"Texas has the sovereign authority and responsibility to protect the safety and welfare of its citizens," he said in a written statement. "We're confident SB 4 will ultimately be upheld as constitutional and lawful."
The Justice Department did not comment directly on the judge's ruling, but continued to express support for the Texas law.
"The Texas legislature should be commended for finding ways to increase cooperation with federal immigration authorities. When jurisdictions work to keep criminal aliens off their streets, it shows a commitment to the rule of law and to reducing violent crime, including violent crime stemming from illegal immigration," Justice spokesman Devin O'Malley said.
Trump at war with himself over Dreamers
By ANDREW RESTUCCIA and ELIANA JOHNSON
Austin Mayor Steve Adler, a Democrat, praised the decision in a statement issued Wednesday evening.
He also cited the ongoing hurricane relief efforts in South Texas and concerns that undocumented immigrants may be afraid to seek aid amid an immigration crackdown.
"This week's crisis with Hurricane Harvey is just the most recent example why people need to feel safe approaching our local police and support groups, no matter what," Adler wrote.
Terri Burke, executive director of the Texas branch of the American Civil Liberties Union, stressed that the legal challenge to the law would continue to wind its way through the courts.
"This fight isn't over yet," she said in a written statement, "so we call upon law enforcement, local officials and supporters who have fought so hard to stop this law not to let up until SB 4 is well and truly dead."
Josh Gerstein and Henry C. Jackson contributed to this report.
Greg Abbott
Here are the five Senate factions that will decide Trump's fate
Poll: Most Americans want Trump removed from office by Senate


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September, 07 2021, 12:49pm EDT
Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law
Lacy Crawford, lcrawford@lawyerscommittee.org, c. (202) 558-7900
press@lawyerscommittee.org
Texas Adds Its Name to the List of States Supporting 21st Century Jim Crow Laws
Omnibus voter suppression legislation passed along party lines after months of impasse.
Texas Gov. Greg Abbott signed SB1, an omnibus voter suppression bill on Tuesday that makes a large-scale attack on the fundamental right to vote. The legislation places unnecessary and discriminatory burdens on Texans trying to access the ballot box.
The following is a statement from Jon Greenbaum, chief counsel and senior deputy director of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law:
"Texas already had some of the most restrictive voting laws in the nation, and the passage of this egregious bill just made conditions for voters even worse. Make no mistake - SB1 is designed to disenfranchise voters of colors, and strip them of their voice in our democracy.
"SB1 places restrictions on several methods of voting that were overwhelmingly used by voters of color this past election cycle, and even goes so far as to make the lives of voter assisters more difficult. It also limits the authority of election judges to prevent partisan poll watchers from interfering with the voting process, opening the door to intimidation of voters. This is a troubling day for voting rights.
"SB1 is the first significant piece of voter suppression legislation to be passed since the House of Representatives passed the 2021 version of John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act, which is designed to stop voting changes like these that worsen the opportunities for voters of color, and illustrates why this Congressional legislation is necessary."
The Lawyers' Committee is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization, formed in 1963 at the request of President John F. Kennedy to enlist the private bar's leadership and resources in combating racial discrimination and the resulting inequality of opportunity - work that continues to be vital today.
www.LawyersCommittee.org


Father Knight speaks clearly about Confession and why it is so necessary. His personal experiences take readers beyond theory and into the awe-inspiring reality of our redemption in Jesus. Powerful reading for those who struggle with Confession or wish to explore this healing and life-giving sacrament.


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How Martha Mitchell Blew The Whistle On The Watergate Scandal
By All That's Interesting | Edited By John Kuroski
An outspoken socialite from Arkansas, Martha Mitchell tried to pull back the curtain on Watergate, but she was gaslit, dismissed, and discredited at every turn.
National Archives/Wikimedia CommonsAlthough Attorney General John Mitchell's wife Martha Mitchell attempted to blow the whistle on the Watergate scandal, America simply wouldn't listen to her.
Whistleblowing is a lonely road. Without knowing whether the public will deem them heroes or traitors — or even believe their claims at all — whistleblowers take an incredible risk with no certain payoff.
And if you happen to be a known gossip reporting unprecedentedly corrupt acts committed by high-ranking government officials who are deeply trusted by the public at large? Then you're definitely in trouble.
Martha Mitchell did exactly that — and paid the price. And the details of her nearly forgotten fame and misfortune as a whistleblower during the early days of the Watergate era, including the deplorable treatment she received at the hands of U.S. government and men working on its behalf, are hard to believe to this day.
Martha Mitchell, "The Mouth Of The South"
Though far from a household name now, Martha Mitchell, born in Arkansas in 1918, enjoyed quite a bit of fame in her day. Nicknamed "the Mouth of the South," Mitchell was a public figure, outspoken conservative, and legendary gossip in the late 1960s and into the 1970s. In Slow Burn, a podcast about Watergate, the episode dedicated to Mitchell aptly describes her persona by comparing her to "a ferociously anticommunist Lucille Ball."
Library of Congress/Wikimedia CommonsJohn Mitchell, U.S. attorney general and husband of Martha Mitchell.
In addition to plentiful celebrity connections, Mitchell had a network of reporter friends. One of her favorite hobbies was calling them up and giving them an earful of the latest scandalous political chatter.
And the reporters listened closely because Martha Mitchell always had an inside scoop: She was married to Attorney General John Mitchell and had a habit of listening in on his phone calls and meetings.
The Watergate Scandal And John Mitchell's Ensuing Paranoia
Wikimedia CommonsRichard Nixon
John Mitchell was a trusted member of President Richard Nixon's inner circle and in 1972 resigned as attorney general to become director of the Committee to Reelect the President. Officially abbreviated CRP, the committee later gained the dubious nickname "CREEP" as the Watergate scandal was heating up.
The story of the scandal began in June 1972, when five men were caught breaking into the Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C.
We now know that these men were on the presidential payroll and that this event was actually their second time unlawfully entering the DNC office. One month prior, they had stolen documents and unsuccessfully tried to tap the phones. This time around, they had come back to fix the faulty wiretap and were caught red-handed.
Meanwhile, Martha Mitchell and her husband were visiting California. When the attorney general received a call informing him of the arrest of the burglars, he feared how his histrionic wife might react to the news, given that one of the men arrested, James McCord, had once served as her bodyguard. Some even say she had grown rather fond of him.
In an act of profound paranoia emblematic of the Nixon administration's modus operandi, John Mitchell called in a professional to keep his wife under control. He tasked former FBI-agent-turned-CRP-consultant Steve King with keeping his loose-lipped wife away from newspapers and phones.
Martha Mitchell Becomes A Whistleblower
U.S. Department of StateSteve King, one of the men brought in to silence Martha Mitchell.
Of course, no one had ever been able to keep Martha Mitchell quiet, and Steve King would be no exception. Soon after the break-in, Mitchell got hold of a newspaper and learned of McCord's arrest, as well as the fact that her husband had lied publicly about whether McCord worked for CRP. She tried to call her husband and demand an explanation but was rebuffed by a Nixon aide.
Frustrated, Martha Mitchell decided to call a trusted reporter friend, Helen Thomas of United Press International. However, Mitchell had barely started going off about "dirty politics" when Steve King ripped the phone out of the wall.
Though no one knows exactly what happened over the next few days, Mitchell later recounted her experiences to English journalist David Frost. By her account, she was held captive in a California hotel for four days, during which time Steve King kicked her and restrained her in bed while she was forcibly tranquilized by a psychiatrist.
Excerpt from a 1973 interview in which Martha Mitchell discusses Watergate and her captivity in California.
After her release, the indefatigable Mitchell spoke publicly in multiple interviews about having been "held captive." Yet press coverage of the incident was light at best, framed more as celebrity gossip than breaking news.
While Mitchell alerted the media, her husband worked with Nixon to carry out the soon-to-be-infamous Watergate cover-up. Meanwhile, Martha had been the first to suggest that that cover-up went all the way to the Oval Office.
How Mitchell Was Discredited And Publicly Shamed
Unfortunately, the fact that whistleblowers can be discredited is one of the main reasons that more than two years passed between the Watergate break-in and Nixon's resignation. Throughout that time, Nixon and his aides accused Martha Mitchell of being an alcoholic, liar, and unscrupulous attention-seeker.
Publicly shamed, recently divorced from her husband due to the scandal, and estranged from her children, Mitchell lived out of the public eye for two years after Nixon left office.
Then in 1976, she died of a rare bone cancer, "alone and destitute" at age 57.
Nowadays, most people think of Deep Throat when they think of a Watergate whistleblower. But if Deep Throat delivered the final nail in the coffin for the Nixon administration, Martha Mitchell hammered in the very first, only to be gaslighted by the general public for the rest of her too-short life.
Today, psychologists still use the phrase "Martha Mitchell Effect" to refer to someone whose descriptions of real experiences are incorrectly labeled delusions.
Though Nixon, John Mitchell, and the rest of the Watergate participants eventually got their comeuppance, it's worth noting that Steve King is doing just fine. In a final bizarre twist, King was named ambassador to the Czech Republic by President Trump in 2017, with no objections from Congress.
After this look at Martha Mitchell, learn the story behind the iconic Elvis and Nixon photo. Then, have a look at the most memorable photos from throughout the 1970s.
Young Girl Missing Since 2019 Found Alive Under Staircase In Upstate New York
The Tragic Life Of Edward Baker Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln's Son Who Died When He Was Only Three


When it comes to growing a startup, most entrepreneurs are laser-focused on growth, but aren't always aware of the nitty-gritty details of business accounting methods. That's not really a surprise: an experiment by the Business Literary Institute found that entrepreneurs scored an average 20% on financial literacy tests. For startup founders, finances can be an afterthought to bigger ideas and problems they are grappling with.
But accounting is actually tightly tied to growth. A deep understanding of a company's numbers can help entrepreneurs make better decisions about growth, ad spend, marketing, and hiring. One of the many financial decisions founders have to make is which accounting method to use: cash-basis or accrual.
While there are pros and cons to each approach, the bottom line is that cash-basis accounting can limit your view of the financial health of your business. That can be particularly painful to fast-growing startups seeking funding. In this post, we'll cover four scenarios where cash-basis accounting can be problematic and explain how to navigate those situations.
Cash-basis accounting recognizes revenue and expenses based on cash inflows and outflows. If you were using the cash-basis method, you would record an expense when you paid a bill, even though that might not necessarily be the same time that you incurred the expense.
You prepaid for a software subscription for the year on January 1. Then you record this expense in the ledger in full on the day you paid for it (January 1). You would not record anything else for this expense for the rest of the year, even though the software is still being used.
Accrual accounting, on the other hand, ignores cash inflows and outflows. Instead, the accrual method tracks earned revenues and incurred expenses. Accrual accounting can often provide a clearer picture of overall business health.
You prepaid for a software subscription for the year on January 1. You would record this expense evenly every month over the term of the subscription period (one year in this case).
These might seem like formalities, but accounting methods can alter how you measure the health of your business. Let's take a closer look at how each accounting method affects the bottom line.
You invoice a customer $5,000 for services your company provided.
You receive an invoice for $2,000 from a vendor for repair services. The invoice is due in 30 days.
A customer pays you $500 for an invoice you gave them in February.
No accounting entry, because no cash has been received for the sale.
No accounting entry, because no cash has been paid for the repair services.
Increase the cash account by $500, and post revenue of $500.
You've completed three transactions this month, but only recorded info on your books about one of them. This could leave you with an incomplete picture of where your business stands.
The accrual method posts revenue when goods are shipped and records an expense when services are provided. Revenue and expenses are posted, regardless of cash inflows and outflows.
Increase accounts receivable and increase revenue $5,000 for the products shipped to the customer.
Increase repair expense account and increase accounts payable $2,000.
Reduce accounts receivable and increase the cash account $500 for payment of the customer invoice.
It's obvious even from these simple examples that the accounting method you choose has an impact on how you view your startup's financial situation. Take a look at the following four scenarios to further explore the benefits of accrual accounting for fast-growing startups.
Growth demands financial investment. That's particularly true of early-stage startups, but also for later-stage endeavors. Founders have to be willing to invest in long-term assets like people, equipment, and intellectual property. To do that, they have to understand profit trends over time. Cash-basis accounting can make that hard to do. Let's take a look at how that happens.
Paid $12,000 for an annual business insurance premium.
Made a sale worth $30,000 and invoiced the customer in March. You received $10,000 in cash from the customer in March. They will pay you another $20,000 in 90 days.
Record an expense of $12,000 for the business insurance premium.
Record revenue of $10,000 for the customer payment. You don't record anything for the $20,000 receivable.
Your books for the month of March using the cash-basis method reflect a loss of $2,000. Based on this picture you may decide to forgo spending on longer term investments right now.
Record $1,000 of expense for the insurance premium in March and $11,000 prepaid on the balance sheet.
Record $30,000 in revenue for the sale. Note that your balance sheet would still reflect that you have $20,000 in receivables outstanding.
Your books for the month of March using this method reflect a profit $29,000.
A positive bottom line of $29,000 shows the health of your business and opens the door to investing in long-term assets. Of course, you should still be keeping an eye on cash flow to make sure your business stays healthy and solvent.
As you can see, accrual accounting in this case allows you to take a wider perspective on your company's financial situation and make more informed decisions.
You head into an investor pitch meeting, armed with your accounting ledger prepared with the cash-basis method. The VCs ask to see your company's financials over the last year. Using cash-basis accounting, you present your revenues and expenses, and show you recorded a profit for the past twelve months on your income statement.
You may think this is all the info they need to hear — time to get funded! Unfortunately this info doesn't tell investors everything they need to know. They can't tell whether your business has debts, is owed money by clients, or has valuable assets. You've told them the money you have in your pocket, but that's all.
On a broader scale, cash-basis accounting may generate wider fluctuations in monthly profit and loss, because of the uneven nature of cash receipts and payments. That means that the results for the quarter probably won't be representative of annual results and won't truly reflect profits. Without more info, investors can't get a feel for longer-term trends, and therefore can't extrapolate on future profit or burn rate.
Accrual accounting allows you to show investors the info they need to evaluate investment risk. Using the accrual method, your firm matches revenue earned with expenses incurred to generate that revenue. The accrual method also provides a balance sheet, which shows future cash collection and debts. This is a more complete picture for investors looking to evaluate your business.
Reliable, verifiable profits allow investors to judge the business's capacity for operating with a higher level of debt. If you can generate sufficient earnings, you can manage the repayment of principal and interest on debt. This is a good indicator of the strength of a business as an investment.
If you are planning to look for angel or VC investment, you must start using accrual accounting a few months prior so you can generate a body of financial statements. This will give you time to establish proper accounting processes and software, organize your books and have everything you need to seek funding.
The IRS cares what type of accounting method certain business entities use. There are a few caveats, but basically you have to use accrual accounting if your business maintains inventory, is a corporation, or has gross receipts over $5M per year.
If your startup doesn't meet these conditions, it's not a legal issue if you want to use cash-basis accounting. But if it does grow to meet them, then you've got to change your accounting system.
Imagine your startup has gross receipts of only $1M annually, has no inventory, and is not a corporation. You decide that cash-basis accounting will be best because it allows you to control income flow by delaying when you invoice, or by paying expenses more quickly than normal.
This means you can get deductions earlier or defer paying tax on revenue until the next tax year. You don't have this flexibility with accrual accounting.
But over the next twelve months, you make $5M in gross receipts. That's great for business. But you are now legally obligated to implement accrual accounting. And if you've previously filed taxes using the cash-basis method, you'll have to apply to change using Form 3115.
Changing accounting methods ends up costing money in accounting services, and it could mean overhauling how your startup processes payments and files taxes. Accrual accounting can be used for every type of business, so it's flexible no matter what your situation is. If you plan to grow, it's smart to implement an accounting method that will grow with you.
Using cash-basis accounting, it's possible for founders to project future spending without considering long-term financial commitments. For example, founders could plan to buy a large asset on credit and not recognize the cost in an annual budget projection. It's this kind of activity that helped bankrupt the city of Detroit in 2014. Let's take a look at the potential impact on a startup.
Assume that your startup gets a line of credit from your bank for $50,000. You get all of the money upfront, and you must pay it back in three years.
Using cash-basis accounting, the financial statements at the end of year one don't list a liability to pay the loan because you don't have to pay the loan in year one.
If you're not being careful, this makes it possible to build a budget for future years without taking that future liability into account. But when year three comes around, if you have failed to put money aside for the loan repayment, you could be looking at a big cash flow problem.
Accrual accounting would require you to create a liability account for the loan repayment. It would always be on your books, so you wouldn't be able to overlook it as you created your yearly budgets.
Accrual accounting is the key to separating the cash in your pocket from the overall financial health of your business. While you need cash in the bank to pay monthly bills, you also need a wider perspective of profit, loss, and liabilities.
The distinction between the two accounting methods may look like splitting hairs at first. It's easy to assume that cash in the bank is the same as profit.
But understanding when you've truly earned revenue allows you to position yourself for stronger, faster growth. If you know the broader financial situation of your business, you're able to invest confidently, borrow more, and take smarter risks, all based off of sound financial foundations.
Quick disclaimer: At Pilot, we are a team of startup finance enthusiasts, not lawyers, financial advisors, CPAs, or tax preparers. This article is provided for informational purposes only, and it is not legal advice, accounting advice, or tax advice. You should always consult a licensed accountant, lawyer or other appropriate professional for advice on your specific situation.


Does Eisner want Disneyland to fail?
Is Disneyland delivering the "Disney Difference"?
D. U. H. is still on the schedule!
Back to Disney in 04!
Is there a Parade/Fireworks special show on New Years?
Big Thunder [open for Thanksgiving] - Rumor or Truth?


The last time we mentioned Twin Shadow aka George Lewis, Jr., he was performing Lou Reed's "Perfect Day" just one day after Reed's death. He did it well enough for it to be named one of Cover Me's favorite songs of 2013. Now he's back and performing another throwback in the form of The Smiths' "There is a Light That Never Goes Out" for his monthly UNDER THE CVRS series.
The original, from the classic 1986 Smiths' album The Queen is Dead, is a great mix of upbeat-ish music, Morrissey's detached delivery, and sad, mopey lyrics. Twin Shadow, with the help of fellow Brooklynite Samantha Urbani of the band Friends, updates the song with muted strings, echoing voices, and '90s-era electronica synths and drums. Urbani's voice coos wistfully, in stark contrast to the original, changing the entire tone of the song. It sets up Lewis's moodier vocals, which eventually combine in a beautiful duet, before ultimately (and surprisingly) coming to a crashing halt in under two and a half minutes. This song builds a nice comfortable world before smashing it to pieces in a very short span of time, which means you'll probably end up listening to it more than once. Watch the video below.
Check out more from Twin Shadow at his website and suggest his next song in the series on Twitter.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Municipal Enterprise «Kyiv Investment Agency» has been developing the project. The project provides for construction of residential building with underground parking and retail space. Some of the apartments will be transmitted to citizens who were affected by the illegal activities of the group of investment and construction companies «Elita-Center».
Order of Kyiv City State Administration on 21.08.2006 №1263 «project for the construction of residential house included in the list of objects which need to attract investments».
Decree of Kyiv City Council on 02.03.2006 №120/3211 «Land plot on the Myloslavska street (in front of the №35-39 houses)leased out to ME «Kyiv Investment Agency» for 5 years».
Myloslavska street (in front of the №35-39 houses),Desnyans'kyi district, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Landis located in a residential area. In walking distance to the nearest bus stop – 5 minutes.


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Home write persuasive essay thesis One child policy in china and its effect sociology essay
One child policy in china and its effect sociology essay
Inthe policy was relaxed because the drop in population created an age gap in China. The Chinese government has spent more than 40 years trying to slow their population growth.
Over time, the gap widened between the number of males and females and, as those children came of age, it led to a situation in which there were fewer females available for marriage. The Government has forced the people to have more children at one point and less at another. Since the policy has been in effect, there have been more than million prevented births "China: One-child Policy" 1. Various countries have dealt with the struggles that come with overpopulation, like China. A third consequence was instances in which the births of subsequent children after the first went unreported or were hidden from authorities. The Chinese government needed to make a policy to cope with the growing numbers of Chinese citizens. After coming to the realization that the policy had harmful unintended consequences, such as a persistent gender imbalance because of the traditional preference of having sons , a shrinking workforce, and an aging society, in late the Chinese government announced that the one-child limit was being discontinued. On the other hand, over the last decade, it has also plummeted economically. The one-child policy was a program in China that was implemented nationwide by the Chinese government in in order to limit most Chinese families to one child each. A voluntary program was announced in late that encouraged families to have no more than two children, one child being preferable. But if their life is cut short, the opportunity to do so is taken away. The Chinese government has spent more than 40 years trying to slow their population growth. When most families were restricted to one child, having a girl became highly undesirable, resulting in a rise in abortions of female fetuses made possible after ultrasound sex determination became available , increases in the number of female children who were placed in orphanages or were abandoned, and even infanticide of baby girls. The One Child policy, also known as Family Planning policy, was implemented across the country as one of fundamental national policies under the administration of Population and Family Planning Commission.
The policy was enforced by methods ranging from offering financial perks for families in compliance and providing contraceptives to implementing forced sterilizations and forced abortions. The One child policy in china begin when Chinese governments viewed population containment as a benefit for living and economic improvement.
Beginning inall families would be allowed to have two children.
Population advocate Garet Hardin suggests the rest of the world adopt similar policies. The policy was used to limits the number of children that couples can have. After coming to the realization that the policy had harmful unintended consequences, such as a persistent gender imbalance because of the traditional preference of having sonsa shrinking workforce, and an aging society, in late the Chinese government announced that the one-child limit was being discontinued.
China started its One-Child Policy in and has prevented million births from its implementation to Deng Xiaoping, a Chinese leader, created the one-child policy in in order to limit population growth of the Han Chinese.
Rated 10/10 based on 70 review
One Child Policy Essay


With most things in life, an idea starts with a single thought… a belief that you can make a difference and bring value to another person's life.
My thought was, what if all of us were all in touch with our spiritual-selves… we all felt unconditional love towards one another… we all felt it our responsibility to help each other and look after our planet. It was a great thought.
Many of us feel a turning point currently in flow, whether we are in touch with our higher-selves or not, the universe around us in changing… evolving into something new. With all change there is a period of turmoil, as old structures breakdown, so new ones can be built.
As the pace of change is increasing and we enter this new paradigm, more and more people are awakening. As these people awaken they start to question the things around them and their own potentials. People are realising that there is more to this universe than our 5 senses, something greater, something beyond what we know today.
Many ancient traditions have talked about this for many thousands of years. It is only now that we are rediscovering this lost knowledge and trying to take on its wisdom and traditions to raise our own vibrations as the universe around us vibrates at a quickening pace.
As with many others out there, I have seen my own journey of awakening and as I continue on this journey I am learning more and more each day, each moment. Part of my more recent journey, I instinctually become curious about decalcifying my pineal gland. The thought of doing this just resonated with me.
I did some research and found bits of information on various forums. I realised that there wasn't really any one-stop resource for people who want to begin the process of decalcifying and detoxing their pineal glands. As I began to try out methods, I realised that I wanted to share these methods and experiences with others. I began with friends who had a similar curiosity to these things. They were thankful for the knowledge, and thus I thought I should share this with the world, and DecalcifyPinealGland.com was born.
It is my thought that it can be that one-stop resource for all who want to start activating their pineal glands. With all your help, we can grow this into a serious resource for reversing the generations of calcification and toxins that certain control systems have exposed us to. Please let all your friends and family know, and spread the word. You can contribute to the site by leaving comments with more information and hints/tips. I can then add this new information to the site and we can grow this resource together.
So let's all connect and embrace this new unity consciousness, for now is the time for all of us to start working on opening our third eye and seeing the universe in it's true spiritual form.


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11 January 2017 / SF News / Eve Batey
Unknown Cyclist Sets Fire To San Francisco Porta-Potty
According to the San Francsico Police Department, some time between 3:56 a.m. and 4:48 a.m. Tuesday, a man in his 20s rode a bicycle up to a porta-potty located on the 1800 block of Turk Street, which is between Broderick and Divisadero Streets.
Police say simply that he "set a portable outhouse on fire and then fled" on his bike, leaving the damaged facility behind him, likely smoldering in the rain.
Police didn't have any further information on the suspect, and did not comment on any traits the crime might share with those from San Francsico's notoriousToilet Torcher, who terrorized portable facilities across the city in 2009. It seems like every time a porta-potty has been set ablaze in San Francisco, we and others write that the TT, "might be back." But let's face it: That serial criminal (assuming that's indeed what the situation was) has likely moved on, either from a life of crime or from the city that so breathlessly followed their pyromania, and these subsequent crimes exist in isolation.
Where was I? Oh, yes, Tuesday's crime. According to the SFPD, the cycling pyro hasn't been seen since, and remains at large as of publication time. If you know anything about the case, you're asked to call SFPD's Anonymous Tip Line at 415-575-4444 or to text a tip to TIP411 with SFPD at the beginning of the message.
Related: Porta-Potty Blaze Caught on Film
Day Around the Bay: Oakland Zoo to Reopen Friday After Sinkhole Situation
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Head Of SF's Police Commission Resigns, Will Be Lawyer For Sheriff's Department
The embattled president of the San Francisco Police Commission surprised police reformers Tuesday, when she announced that she was quitting the gig for a job with the San Francisco Sheriff's Department. Suzy Loftus,
SF Restaurants, Food & Drink
Ask A San Francisco Native: What's The Deal With SF Pizza?
Hi, Rain! When I moved here from the East Coast (with a stop for college in the Midwest) in the 1990s, it seemed like I couldn't get a decent pizza anywhere. Sure, I'd
Eve Batey


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ISNA Official Says Linking ISNA To Muslim Brotherhood Is "Muslim Bashing"
By gmbwatch on	 December 8, 2009 Daily
An official of the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) has called accusations that ISNA is part of the U.S. Muslim Brotherhood "Muslim bashing" and compared use of Brotherhood documents introduced as Federal court evidence to the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, the notorious anti-semitic Czarist forgery. According to an article by Louay Safi, the director of the ISNA Development Center:
Muslim bashing is the new cottage industry with its own industrial barons and wide web of fear mongering bloggers ready on a moment notice to echo the noise generated at the industry's hate mills. The buzz word at the anti-Muslim network and its far-right bloggers this weekend was my recent visit to Fort Hood. The reporting was not on the content of my presentation or the purpose of my visit, but rather over a set of fictitious affiliations and unfounded accusations. The attack focused mainly on the fact that I am a director with the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA), an umbrella organization that represents professional Muslim organizations and Islamic centers across the United States and Canada. The buzz started from the Jihad Watch blog of Robert Spencer, the epicenter of anti-Muslim propaganda. Spencer harbors boundless hatred towards Islam and Muslims and spends his day spinning every piece of news involving Muslims that he thinks he could manipulate. On December 2, Spencer published a posting on his blog insinuating that the organization I represent is an arm of the Muslim Brotherhood and that ISNA is involved in "a kind of grand Jihad in eliminating and destroying the Western civilization from within and 'sabotaging' its miserable house by their hands?" Let alone the absurdity of the claim, it is bogus and unfounded. Spencer's evidence for making this sweeping statement is a document in Arabic dated May 19, 1991, and signed by an obscure author. The document is written as a blueprint for gaining control over several Muslim American organizations. The document named ISNA as one of the prime targets of the author ambition, and this, Spencer thinks, gives him the liberty to brand ISNA as a Brotherhood vehicle. Spencer and his ilk in the Muslim bashing industry, including Steve Emerson, does not explain how he could appropriate the fantasy of an unknown author to assert that ISNA is an arm of the Muslim Brotherhood. The Islamic Society of North America is an independent Muslim American organization governed by an elected council and led by an elected president. It has no affiliation with the Muslim Brotherhood, and has a membership that is too diverse in its religious orientation and so broad in its political views to be boxed into a singular ideological profile. ISNA has been on the forefront of working towards the integration of Muslim Americans into mainstream society, has been committed building bridges of cooperation and understanding through religious and ethnic lines, and actively engaged in interfaith dialogue and cooperation. Rather than working to eliminate and destroy the Western civilization from within, as the Muslim bashers' favorite document alleges, ISNA members have been working on strengthening their society by serving as medical doctors, public servants, professionals, professors, social workers, chaplains, and, yes, soldiers. Spencer and other anti-Muslim hate mongers have been using the Brotherhood-linked document to defame Muslim Americans and discredit their mainstream organizations in the same way the Protocols of Zion Elders was used by anti-Semitic pundits against Jews.
However, whatever the merits of the blog and author in question, the connection between ISNA and U.S. Muslim Brotherhood were established by U.S. prosecutors as part of the Holy Land Foundation terrorism financing trial. According to an associated document:
The evidence introduced at trial, for example, established that ISNA and NAIT were among those organizations created by the U.S.-Muslim Brotherhood. (Govt. Exh. 3- 64 (seized from the home of HAMAS leader Ismail Elbarasse); Govt. Exh. 3-3 (Muslim Brotherhood document noting that ISNA was founded by the US-Muslim Brotherhood) ; Govt. Exh. 3-85 (1991 memorandum authored by U.S.-Muslim Brotherhood Shura Council member Mohamed Akram Adlouni, recognizing ISNA and NAIT as Muslim Brotherhood organizations.) Government's Exhibit 3-85, entitled An Explanatory Memorandum on the General Strategic Goal of the Group, described the Brotherhood's strategic goal as a kind of "grand Jihad": The Ikhwan must understand that their role in America is a kind of grand Jihad in eliminating and destroying the Western Civilization from within and sabotaging its miserable house by their hands and the hands of the believers so that it is eliminated and God's religion is made victorious…. At the end of the document, the memorandum lists those Muslim Brotherhood organizations that – if they all worked together – could help accomplish this grand objective. These organizations include ISNA, NAIT, the Occupied Land Fund (OLF )(the former name of the Holy Land Foundation), the Islamic Association for Palestine (IAP), the United Association for Studies and Research (UASR), and others. Id. ISNA and NAIT, in fact, shared more with HLF than just a parent organization. They were intimately connected with the HLF and its assigned task of providing financial support to HAMAS.
A report by the Hudson Institute explores more fully the history of ISNA and its associations with the U.S. Muslim Brotherhood.
It should also be noted that the author of the "Grand Jihad" document is likely Mohammad Akram Al-Adlouni who is far from the "obscure author" as characterized by Dr. Safi. Rather Al-Adlouni is Secretary-General of Al Quds International, chaired by global Muslim Brotherhood leader Youssef Qaradawi and co-founded by Faisal Malawi, head of the Lebanese Muslim Brotherhood and Qaradawi's Deputy at the European Council for Fatwa and Research. As the Hudson Institute report documents, Al-Adlouni was also at one time likely a member of the Shura (leadership) Council of the U.S. Muslim Brotherhood.
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Cactus Journal (Croydon), (abreujat Cact. J. (Croydon)), va ser una revista amb il·lustracions i descripcions botàniques que va ser editada a Croydon. Es van publicar 8 números des de 1932-1939. Va ser substituïda per Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit..

Referències

Enllaços externs
 a IPNI

Revistes de botànica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Being Silica, 2021. Courtesy the Office for Political Innovation.
Andrés Jaque Discusses His Latest Performance, Being Silica
Architect and founder of the Office of Political Innovation explores environmental inequity and exploitation in his 2021 Performa Biennial commission.
By: Andrés Jaque
I first arrived in New York in 1989 as a teenager. At that time, sunlight in New York was much more yellow than it is now, an effect caused by the nitrogen oxides from oil-fueled boilers in buildings. This color of pollution made the city quite different—That yellow New York no longer exists.
In 2012, Mayor Michael Bloomberg launched New York City's Clean Heat project. By incentivizing landlords to replace their boilers with heat fueled by natural gas, the city radically reduced its levels of nitrogen oxides in the sky. In 2014, Governor Andrew Cuomo followed up by banning horizontal fracking in New York State. While oil mostly pollutes at its burning point, gas mostly pollutes at the point where it is extracted and refined.
Bloomberg's and Cuomo's initiatives immediately resulted in the displacement of New York's nitrogen oxides to Pennsylvania's Susquehanna County, where natural gas from the Marcellus Shale is extracted through hydraulic fracturing. In 2015, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection issued an air quality alert in Susquehanna Valley. As the air quality in New York increased, it decreased in Pennsylvania.
The life of those who live in New York is the result ot silica extraction, of the way holes in silica grains allow gas from fractured rocks to flow its way up to the surface, through pipes that channel to New York's boilers and to the ovens that make UltraClear glass.
Andrés Jaque (Office for Political Innovation), Being Silica (2021). Performa Commission for the Performa 2021 Biennial. Courtesy Walter Wlodarczyk.
2012 is also the year when the construction of the Rafael Viñolys' supertall 432 Park Avenue was initiated. This building is the first pencil tower constructed in what is now called Billionaires' Row, where the apartments are advertised for their "helicopter views." They don't really look at the city or at distant territories. They mostly look at the sky—a sky where nitrogen oxides have been removed. They look onto the effects of atmospheric removal.
These are the interiors where the hegemony of the floor-to-ceiling windows in luxury apartments is set. All these windows have a very particular type of glass: low iron glass, also known as UltraClear glass. The edge of a piece of UltraClear glass is not green, as in ordinary glass, but white. The price of UltraClear glass can be three times the price of standard glass; surprisingly, the 2008 financial crisis tripled the consumption of UltraClear glass in the world. At a time when capital flight landed in unique real estate properties, extreme transparency onto a blue sky was used to stabilize value in time. Now, UltraClear glass is the signature material used in Apple stores, and at the headquarters of Amazon and Google. Contemporary power is encapsulated in UltraClear glass.
UltraClear glass is produced by melting a unique type of white silica that can only be extracted in a few locations around the world. Among these, the most important are the St. Peter Sandstone formations of Ottawa, Illinois. This exact type of silica is the one also used to fill up fracking wells once the drilling process is complete. It is this silica that helps to deliver a big portion of the gas that fuels New York. It is precisely this supply of fracking gas from Susquehanna County that makes the highly energy-dependent production of UltraClear glass possible.
The life of those of us who live in New York is the result of silica extraction, of the way holes in silica grains allow gas from fractured rocks to flow its way up to the surface, through pipes that channel it to New York's boilers and to the ovens that make UltraClear glass. And yet the silica injected down there, miles deep in the fracking wells, is as invisible to us as the glass it makes. The empty apartment interiors of the pencil towers, the sun that bathes them, the glass in their floor-to-ceiling windows, and the sky they look at are all part of the complex system of extraction that shapes the life of the city, and that, paradoxically, those living in it cannot sense.
Being Silica is the name of the performance I presented last week with the Office for Political Innovation team, and in collaboration with Paula Vilaplana and José Luis Espejo. It took place on the rooftop of the Rockefeller Center as part of the Performa 2021 Biennial. The performance included the testimonies of environmental activists and educators Vera Scroggins and Ray Kemble in conversation with Sioux tribe members Doug CrowGhost and Simone TwoShields, and was followed by a sound reconstruction of drilling a hydraulic fracturing well. This reconstruction was based on the seismographic registry of an entire fracking sequence conducted by the geologist Wojciech Gajek and was carefully transduced as sound by Espejo. This transduction resulted in a violent symphony of low frequency vibrations that allowed the audience to feel in their ears, skin, and lungs the forms and dimensions of the territorial exploitations that New York lifestyles depend on.
Instead of understanding, Being Silica offered the possibility of sensing and attuning to severe realities that are mostly abstract and difficult to imagine. If most art performances happen in the bodies of the performers, this one unfolded in the bodies of the audience. It is in these bodies that the environmental crises that shape our times become manifest; these crises are not just an intellectual concern, but deeply rooted in environmental inequality and exploitation.
12. Portrait of Andrés Jaque (Office for Political Innovation). Courtesy Walter Wlodarczyk.
Andrés Jaque is an architect, artist, and curator. He is the founder of the Office for Political Innovation, which has pioneer transscalar perspectives in architectural practices. In 2016 he was awarded the 10th Frederick Kiesler Prize for Architecture and the Art, and in 2014 the Silver Lion for the Best Project of the 14th Venice Biennale. His work is part of the collections of MoMA and the Art Institute of Chicago. Jaque is the Director of the Advanced Architectural Design Program at Columbia University GSAPP and the Chief Curator of the 13th Shanghai Biennale, Bodies of Water.
Would you like to comment on this article? Send your thoughts to: [email protected]
Andrés Jaque
Performa Biennial
In her new book, Common Ground: Multifamily Housing in Los Angeles, the architecture writer and broadcaster takes readers on a tour of the city's most exciting apartment buildings and complexes.
How a Health Care Clinic Applied Trauma Informed Design to Serve the LGBTQIA+ Community
With space for public programs as well as a sense of privacy and security Perkins&Will's Family Tree Clinic answers the question, "What does healing look like to you?"
Nicholas Roerich was a renowned painter, architect, and writer whose namesake pact called on countries to protect works of art and sites of cultural heritage during wartime.


A lot of people's reactions to seeing a Smart car are either laughter or commenting on how 'cute' it appears. While both of these are fairly understandable responses, these vehicles shouldn't just be brushed aside as a mere novelty act.
Designed for city driving their low cost and small stature makes them ideal for commuting purposes. Their increasing popularity means there are many available to purchase second hand as well. Ridgeways feature a range of used Smart car models which provide a solid investment as their low value is unlikely to significantly decrease.
Yes, Smart cars are small. Funnily enough they were designed that way on purpose. It makes parking in tight urban spaces a lot easier than in any other vehicle and its lightweight factor means, even though it possesses a small engine, it can zip around cities easily. No excuse for being late to work now!
Motorway driving may be slightly scarier but it does boast impressive safety credentials and for getting to work on time and doing the shopping it's perfect. There's also a surprising amount of room in the cabin, even though only two seats exist.
The majority of Smart cars feature 1.0 litre or 0.9 turbocharged engines and boast 60+ mpg. The engines have been improved since the first model arrived on the scene, making them more efficient than ever. Relying on less petrol than their rivals results in lower fuel costs too.
Environmentally friendly is also an aim of the brand. Most produce less than 100g/km CO2 meaning they're tax free. Recyclable material is used in the construction of the newest models with hybrid and electric versions available for the most eco-conscious. As well as air pollution they also cut back on noise pollution, a quieter engine making a much nicer journey.
One of the newest car manufacturers around after forming in 1994, Smart cars are sharp looking and slot into any city environment easily. The first range of cars to be smaller than the Mini, they appeal to plenty of environmentally friendly drivers.
The low cost isn't reflected in poor quality and basic features though. Heated seats are available in some of the latest models, along with leather seats, power windows and locks. The extended moon roof allows plenty of sunshine to beam through on clear days too. A Smart car provides more than what you pay for and their continuing rise in popularity means they're an incredibly worthwhile investment.