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Guide for clinical studies in difficult field conditions
The group of international scientists was led by the Antwerp Institute of Tropical Medicine
Neglected diseases
Image 1/1 : You see a man looking through a microscope at a tropical location
Clinical innovation is essential in order to tackle neglected tropical diseases, which threaten one billion people worldwide. A group of international scientists, led by the Antwerp Institute of Tropical Medicine, has published a guide for clinical studies in difficult field conditions in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.
NIDIAG is an EU-funded consortium of scientists from 13 institutes and universities in Europe, Africa and Asia, led by Prof. Marleen Boelaert, epidemiologist at the Antwerp Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM). Over the past six years, NIDIAG has tried to bridge the gap between innovation and practice in the diagnosis of neglected tropical diseases. The scientists have now published a set of seven articles in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, which describe the specific challenges, propose solutions and provide working documents for implementing quality assured clinical research into neglected tropical diseases.
"The path from technological innovation to saving lives passes along field work, which is the speciality of the teams involved in these clinical studies. The difficult field conditions are a typical characteristic of the environment in which neglected tropical diseases occur, but our message is that it is possible to perform this clinical research in accordance with ethical standards and international rules. By sharing our experiences, our aim is to facilitate new research projects into neglected disease," said ITM's Dr Tine Verdonck .
One billion people are threatened by neglected tropical diseases
Neglected tropical diseases still cause suffering and death, often in vulnerable population groups or in remote areas. In total, more than one billion people are affected globally. It is nevertheless possible to trace and treat some of these diseases. Significant progress has been made in recent years, and the arsenal of diagnostic tests and treatment options for neglected tropical diseases has grown.
However, the step from innovation to saving lives is not self-evident. A whole range of questions needs to be answered along the way, and this requires conducting scientific research in remote, resource-constrained settings. "This type of clinical research, about introducing new tests and techniques in a patient-centred approach, does not make the news very often. It is easier to propose a new idea in a newspaper headline than to describe the path towards implementation of this idea in the complex reality of a real-life patient setting," says Verdonck.
The potential of rapid tests
Rapid tests for the diagnosis of infectious diseases are an example of a technological development with great potential. These tests usually focus on one specific disease per test. For example, rapid tests for HIV and malaria have been used on a large scale across the world for several years now, and they have fundamentally changed the diagnostic approach to these infectious diseases. Such rapid tests are now also available for neglected tropical diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis (also called black fever) and African sleeping sickness.
Consider the rapid test for visceral leishmaniasis as an example. This is an infectious disease that causes symptoms such as prolonged fever and an enlarged spleen. This disease is fatal if not treated. Effective treatment for this disease does exist, although it is quite toxic. Until recently, it was not easy to diagnose black fever with certainty; a biopsy of the spleen was often required, which is a diagnostic test with inherent risks.
The real-life challenges of field research
New rapid tests are now available, which can give a result within half an hour and using only one drop of blood. This raises a number of questions, including:
How reliable is this test in practice, when performed by a local nurse in a remote village in Sudan where the disease occurs?
Does a positive result provide enough certainty to start the treatment? And what happens if the result is negative?
Is a negative result on this rapid test sufficient to rule out the diagnosis of black fever?
If a patient with chronic fever tests negative for visceral leishmaniasis, what are the most important alternative diagnoses?
The test has so far been evaluated in patients who had a fever for two weeks; does the test work equally well in patients who have only had one week of fever?
The NIDIAG scientists performed a series of studies in Africa and Asia precisely to answer these types of research questions for three different clinical situations: the situation of a patient with fever for more than one week, or with neurological problems, or with abdominal pain or diarrhoea for more than two weeks. They encountered a range of challenges, such as the limited access to study sites, the lack of research infrastructures and the weakness of local health systems. The number of patients presenting for treatment increased as a result of the improved care during the study, and so did the workload.
Overall, the international guidelines for clinical research had to be translated to the context of the participating study sites, without compromising on the quality of the research and on the protection of participants and their communities.
The complete collection 'Good Clinical Practice' on PLOS
The seven articles in the collection:
Clinical Research in Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Challenge of Implementing Good Clinical (Laboratory) Practices
Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Neglected Infectious Diseases: Case Study Highlights Need for Customer Awareness and Postmarket Surveillance
The Challenges of Conducting Clinical Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases in Remote Endemic Areas in Sudan
Diagnosis of Persistent Fever in the Tropics: Set of Standard Operating Procedures Used in the NIDIAG Febrile Syndrome Study
Experiences and Lessons from a Multicountry NIDIAG Study on Persistent Digestive Disorders in the Tropics
Clinical Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases: Challenges and Solutions
The Art of Writing and Implementing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Laboratories in Low-Resource Settings: Review of Guidelines and Best Practices

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Why Every Actress on The Hollywood Reporter Roundtable Cover Is White
The awful truth is that there are no minority actresses in genuine contention for an Oscar this year.
By Stephen Galloway
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SplashD-ActressRoundtable - H 2015
Miller Mobley
Each year, I and several other Hollywood Reporter editors put together the roundtables that are a defining element of this publication's awards coverage through the Emmy and Oscar seasons.
For those not fully versed in the arcana of Hollywood, the awards work like this: people produce a vast amount of film and television, some of it awful, some exceptional and a whole lot in between. Getting a shiny statuette (either an Oscar or Emmy) tells the world which side of the spectrum they tend toward; this is the ultimate validation that sets a winner apart from the pack. One award can change the trajectory of a whole career, save a network and even resuscitate the fortunes of an ailing executive. Equally important, an award can mean millions at the box office — or in the winner's pocket when his or her agent negotiates a new deal.
Awards are a year-round obsession here ("You have awards ceremonies, we have elections," newsman David Brinkley once quipped to me), with a host of activity and attempts to game the system going on long before fans turn on the TV to watch celebrities walk the red carpet, be it at the Oscars or the Emmys.
"Awards consultants" are hired, and a king's ransom's worth of marketing money is assigned by the studios and networks to support the shows, movies and stars they believe might have a shot. There are parties, special screenings, private receptions hosted by the famous and infamous, all steeped in a thick broth of punditry about just who is leading the race at any one moment — along with the deliciously diabolical whispering campaigns that aim to topple front-runners months before some films have even opened. Forget about politics: This makes Trump vs. Carson vs. Clinton vs. Sanders look like preschool.
Part of the promotional cycle includes taking part in one of THR's Roundtables. These are glossy and engaging, visually and verbally entertaining, and at times even substantive. Few A-listers have not participated in one through the years, and there's often a campaign before the campaign to get the right clients on board.
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So how are people picked, and when? Often they're chosen before anyone has even seen their films, when our editors are faced with tough decisions on whom to include and whom to turn down — not to mention juggling the myriad schedules of the far-flung members of the Hollywood tribe. We rely on early buzz from the festivals, word of mouth from insiders who may have seen rough cuts of the films and a calculated guess at which studio is throwing its weight behind whom. Behind every movie and every star is Hollywood's version of the Koch brothers, battling for their chosen candidates to win.
In doing all that this year, as we prepared for this cover, we discovered precisely zero actresses of color in the Oscar conversation — at least in the weeks in early September when the Roundtables are put together, months before the nominations are announced Jan. 14.
I don't in any way wish to diminish the actresses on our cover. This current roundtable is a triumph, appropriately published today on the fifth anniversary of THR's shift from daily newspaper to weekly magazine. I anchored a conversation featuring eight of the most talented actresses alive: Cate Blanchett, Jane Fonda, Brie Larson, Jennifer Lawrence, Helen Mirren, Carey Mulligan, Charlotte Rampling and Kate Winslet.
Yet even for me, a white man, it was impossible to ignore the fact that every one of these women is white — whether old or young, English, Australian or American. That was appalling. The awful truth is that there are no minority actresses in genuine contention for an Oscar this year. Straight Outta Compton, which provided some great roles for African-American men (and whose success bolsters the case that studios ignore minority audiences at their peril) had no female leads. Furious 7? Not quite Oscar bait.
This at a time when people of color make up almost 38 percent of the U.S. population, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, and African-Americans, in particular, buy far more movie tickets per capita than Caucasians.
Two years ago, I was thrilled that three of the six women on our Roundtable were black: Oprah Winfrey, Lupita Nyong'o and Octavia Spencer. I thought, perhaps naively, that this represented a sea change in the film business, and hoped it was catching up with the tectonic shifts that industries all across America have had to make to reflect this country's diversity. But I was wrong.
Both Spike Lee and motion picture Academy president Cheryl Boone Isaacs addressed the issue of diversity at Saturday's Governors Awards, a precursor to the Oscars, where the former noted: "When I go to [film studio] offices, I don't see black faces except the security guard who signs me in. … This industry is so far behind sports it's ridiculous." He added that it was easier to become a black president than a black studio chief.
It's comforting that Taraji P. Henson (who took part in our Oscar Roundtable following 2008's The Curious Case of Benjamin Button) has found stardom on TV thanks to Empire, though she never quite managed that in film. It's a relief that, while the movie business could not find leading roles for Viola Davis (a Roundtable participant for 2011's The Help), Shonda Rhimes did — she's now starring in ABC's How to Get Away With Murder.
Davis addressed the problem head-on when she won an Emmy this year, saying: "The only thing that separates women of color from anyone else is opportunity. You cannot win an Emmy for roles that are simply not there."
So who's responsible? The Academy drew flak for failing to nominate Selma in many categories, but the Academy doesn't make films, any more than The Hollywood Reporter does: It recognizes work that the industry creates.
Speak to the executives that run the industry, and they say they want change. But there are hardly any black film executives, and too few producers. Black directors? Not enough — and certainly there's a serious dearth of black female directors.
Just prior to the Governors Awards, Boone Isaacs announced a new initiative to boost diversity, noting: "When it comes to fair and equal representation in our industry, words are not enough."
Even as a writer, I couldn't agree more. Nor do I hold myself and my colleagues free of blame. Yes, THR has spent time and money launching a mentoring program for underserved girls that is now about to enter its seventh year. But that's not enough.
On our most recent Director Roundtable, forced to choose among three superb filmmakers for one slot, I opted for Ridley Scott rather than Straight Outta Compton director F. Gary Gray, an African-American. The Martian had opened to exceptional acclaim and box office, and Scott looked like the front-runner for the Oscar. Still, I now wish I had added Gray to the mix, and regret that I ignored both his lawyer's and his agents' pleas to do so. At least I can take comfort in having three men of color on our upcoming Actor Roundtable.
If there were far more minority men and women to choose from, this sort of hand-wringing wouldn't exist. And it's about time it changed.
Unless the half-dozen men and women now running the major studios demand and foster a culture of diversity, the status quo will continue as it is. And I'll be writing a mea culpa every year.
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John Taylor and the rhetoric of liberty and tyranny (1814)
From: An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States (John Taylor)
By: John Taylor
Theme: Rhetoric of Liberty
The Jeffersonian Republican John Taylor (1753-1824) warns us against the abuse of political phrases which are often used "to gull prejudice and varnish tyranny" by powerful vested interests (1814):
Mr. Adams has cautioned us against the abuse of political phrases, whilst he reiterates the expressions 'a mixed government; checks and balances; middle orders,' without explaining the qualities or principles necessary to make those checks, balances or middle orders; or considering the influence upon this theory, from armies, patronage, corruption, the poverty of a nominal middle order, or the enormous wealth of a separate interest. … As governments change, names represent different things, but are often retained to gull prejudice and varnish tyranny.
Mr. Adams has cautioned us against the abuse of political phrases, whilst he reiterates the expressions 'a mixed government; checks and balances; middle orders,' without explaining the qualities or principles necessary to make those checks, balances or middle orders; or considering the influence upon this theory, from armies, patronage, corruption, the poverty of a nominal middle order, or the enormous wealth of a separate interest. Had Tacitus undertaken to recommend the government of the Emperors to the Romans, he would in like manner have used the terms consul, senate, patrician, plebeian; and by suppressing the qualities of these orders, he might have easily proved, that a limited monarchy existed under the Roman emperors, as well checked, balanced and provided with middle orders, as that existing under the corrupt system of England.
As governments change, names represent different things, but are often retained to gull prejudice and varnish tyranny. For this end, the names of senate, consul and patrician remained in Rome. For this end, the name 'parliament' remains in England. In neither case, was 'free and moderate government' preserved; and in both, oppression was the effect of real changes under old names. Mr. Adams has even called the English form of government 'republican;' but if the United States should slide into it for that reason, they would act as the Athenians would have acted, by giving to Clitomachus (who had been branded with infamy) the command of an army, because his name signified 'illustrious warrior.'
The hooks of fraud and tyranny, are universally baited with melodious words. 'Passive obedience' was a bait sacrilegiously drawn from scripture. 'Church and state,' from a fear of popery. 'Checks and balances, and publick faith and credit,' are still more musical baits, and however harshly 'patronage, corruption, paper stock and standing armies,' may at first sound, even these words are at length thought by some to contain much secret harmony.
Fine words are used to decoy, and ugly words to affright. 'security to private property' is attractive. 'Invasion of private property' deterring. The invader of course devoutly uses the first phrase, and indignantly applies the second to those who oppose him. Where is there an instance of an invasion of private property, equal to that effected by the paper system of England? As its greatest invader, it has of course been the loudest advocate for its safety.
'Energetick government' is a phrase happily chosen to please honest men, and to beguile nations of unmanageable power. Under the agreeable jingle in the antithesis, between 'protection and allegiance' was long hidden a large reservoir of arbitrary power. Of the same family is the ancient idea of 'a contract between the king and the people.' Implying equality, either party might construe this contract, and the active power of construction being in the hands of kings, they made all their own actions, fulfilments, and such actions of the people as they pleased, breaches.
As Bastiat showed in his brilliant Economic Sophisms rhetoric is an important tool in debunking false arguments used to defend tariffs and subsidies to special interests. John Taylor does much the same thing in his criticism of John Adam's Defence of the Constitution (1787) which he provides in An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States (1814). He argues, for example that "checks and balances" can also be used to defend the political elites in Imperial Rome or contemporary England; that "security of private property" can be used to protect unjustly acquired property as well as justly acquired property; and that "energetick government" in the wrong hands could be disastrous to liberty. Taylor encourages us to be sensitive to the changing use and meaning of words; that we need to "challeng(e) political words and phrases" from time to time when they are used for purposes they were not originally intended for, since, as he concludes, "Fine words are used to decoy, and ugly words to affright" the people.


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January 14, 2020 No Comments 0 views 0 likes
NEW ORLEANS (AP) — Joe Burrow threw five touchdown passes, ran for another score and capped one of the greatest seasons in college football history by leading No. 1 LSU to a 42-25 victory against No. 3 Clemson on Monday night to win the national championship.
The small-town Ohio kid turned Louisiana legend delivered the Tigers (15-0) their first national title since 2007 and fourth overall, breaking a few more records along the way in what was already an historic season. The five TD passes and 463 yards passing are the most for a BCS or College Football Playoff title game as are his six total touchdowns.
He became the first major college quarterback to throw 60 touchdown passes in a season as LSU snapped defending national champion Clemson's 29-game winning streak. For the first time in his college career, Clemson star quarterback Trevor Lawrence was on the losing team. The Tigers (14-1) had won his first 25 starts.
But on this night, Lawrence (18 for 37 for 234 yards) was no match for Burrow — the Ohio State transferred who threw all of 16 TD passes last season with LSU.
His ascent has been dizzying and unprecedented. Running a version of the New Orleans Saints' offense that was brought to LSU by 30-year-old assistant coach Joe Brady, Burrow and an array of talented receivers transformed these Tigers into one of the most prolific offenses college football has ever seen.
It was coach Ed Orgeron's vision for LSU when he was promoted from interim coach in 2016. There was plenty of skepticism when LSU tabbed the Cajun who had failed in his first crack at head coach with Mississippi.
Orgeron has proved to be the perfect fit. Just like Burrow.
After tossing his fifth touchdown pass of the night, a perfectly placed jumped ball to Terrace Marshall Jr. from 24 yards out to make it 42-25 with 12:08 left in the fourth, Burrow signaled TD and strolled to the sideline.
The Superdome is LSU's dome away from home, about 80 miles from the Tigers Baton Rouge campus, and it was rocking.
The LSU band broke out its unofficial anthem, "Neck," and as the Tigers bounced and waved towels on the sideline, Burrow just sat on the bench, bobbing his head and waving one arm.
Joe Cool. Just doing his thing. Next stop: The NFL draft, where he will likely be the first pick in April.
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While we all brace for a potential World War III and the start of President Trump's impeachment trial in the Senate, smart politicians are focused where it counts: health care. On Thursday, Kansas became the latest traditionally conservative state to prioritize Americans' health over partisan politics. Democratic Gov. Laura Kelly and Republican


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The Republican Party appears to be feeling the side effects of President Trump's growing unpopularity among Americans, and some inside the party are claiming the GOP could be in trouble ahead of 2018's midterm elections.
Trump's approval rating now sits at 35 percent, according to a Quinnipiac University poll released on Tuesday. The latest Quinnipiac poll mirrors other major surveys that also show the president's support dwindling among Americans.
In an interview with The New York Times, Trump defended O'Reilly against new revelations that he, Fox News and parent company 21st Century Fox had paid a total of $13 million in settlements to five women who accused him of sexual harassment or verbal abuse.
"I think he's a person I know well — he is a good person," Trump told the Times. "I think he shouldn't have settled; personally I think he shouldn't have settled. Because you should have taken it all the way. I don't think Bill did anything wrong."
He told us who he was: The L.A. Times discovers Donald Trump's vileness — why was any of it a surprise?
The mainstream media is shocked to discover the president is a mendacious bigot — were they not paying attention?
Why is Donald Trump's behavior as president at all surprising?
Perhaps the Los Angeles Times did not hear the alarms sounded by political commentators and analysts such as Matt Taibbi, Henry Giroux, Charles Pierce, Charles Blow, Joan Walsh, Chris Hedges, Michael Moore and Amy Goodman about the impending doom that would be a Donald Trump presidency? Maybe those who are somehow shocked by the unapologetic and grand vileness of Donald Trump's presidency did not read the many essays and columns warning of that fact either in the foreign press or at places like Alternet, Truthout, Common Dreams, the Atlantic and Salon? Even more worrisome, perhaps the Los Angeles Times did not take its own writing about Donald Trump as a presidential candidate seriously.
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' " In McGreevy's telling, the shifting began in 1789. The French Revolution produced a government hostile to Catholicism and sparked the revolutions of 1848 that subsequently formed the fashionable nation-state. At any time considering that, the Church is engaged inside a wrestle to address social, ethical, and political developments even though maintaining a reliable religious id.
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That very same month, Church-state relations from the United States took a refreshing turn in the event the Supreme Courtroom made a decision to hear a circumstance from Mississippi that challenged the authorized ideal to abortion identified in Roe v. Wade. The Court's final decision reflected the strength of its conservative bulk, whose 6 associates involve five traditionalist Catholics.
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Global measures on travellers from China will probably have little impact on that contains Covid, overall health professionals explained Tuesday, pointing to some surging variant within the United States that may pose a bigger risk.
Now taking the Church's world existence as his matter, McGreevy has penned a lucid narrative of two and a 50 percent centuries of history, structured rather just like a Ken Burns–Lynn Novick documentary. The chapters proceed in chronological sequence, arranged all around themes: the suppression of Catholicism within the 1700s, followed by its revival around another hundred decades; the Church's dealings with empire, democracy, and nationalism in the early twentieth century; the write-up–Vatican II turmoil about start Management, priestly celibacy, along with the "dechristianization" of Europe; And eventually Pope Francis's software of Catholic teachings to these world wide troubles as climbing economic inequality and climate change.
"The frustrating bulk of nations are in favour check here of pre-departure tests," a Fee spokesman claimed.
In his producing, Chaum thorough concepts that would later be carried out during the blockchain. He is additionally credited with producing the first use of digital funds and labored to integrate an anonymity characteristic, a Main thought of crypto.
A exercise that continues with success even now, adhering to exactly the same helpful policies of secrecy or if required, mystification and manipulation of reality through general public declarations after the secrecy has been in some way violated.
Comments on "A Simple Key For Andrew Tate Jailed: Was This Predicted By The Famous Psychic Unveiled"
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text:
Blackstone Ahead in Cadbury Drinks Auction: Sources
Published 1:20 PM ET Fri, 13 July 2007 Updated 3:08 PM ET Thu, 5 Aug 2010 Reuters
A Blackstone private equity consortium is emerging as the front-runner in the auction for Cadbury Schweppes's North American drinks unit in a deal worth up to 7.5 billion pounds ($15.2 billion), sources close to the situation said on Friday.
Blackstone Group , teamed up with fellow players Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and Lion Capital, is preparing to submit a second-round bid later this month in an auction in which a preferred bidder is hoped to be announced by end-July.
"The Blackstone consortium have financing in place and know the business well after buying Cadbury's European drinks business last year," one source said.
Adprops
But with tighter credit conditions for private equity players from lending banks, the top price expected for the Dr Pepper, 7UP, Snapple and Canada Dry ginger ale business has come down to 7.5 billion pounds from 8.0 billion, the sources added.
They said second-round bids should be submitted in the next week or so and the aim is to have a preferred bidder named by the time of Cadbury's first-half results on August 1, although the sell-off timetable remains flexible.
The auction process is boiling down to a two-horse race between the Blackstone consortium and a rival private equity bidding group including Bain Capital Partners, Thomas H. Lee Partners and TPG, the sources said.
But they said the Blackstone consortium has the edge at the moment due to its more advanced financing and experience with Cadbury's former European soft drinks business.
Blackstone and Lion bought Cadbury's continental European beverages business for 1.85 billion euros in February 2006, and are keen to join the two businesses together to create greater mass for a likely eventual exit some years away.
Among other bidders, U.S. private equity group Cerberus Capital Management has pulled out, while others such as Cott, a Canadian bottler of own-label soft drinks, have struggled to find partners for a bid.
Cadbury has said it intends to return capital from the drinks sale to shareholders and analysts say they expect 5.8 billion pounds to be returned. If a special dividend is used, this would equate to a payment of 2.80 pounds a share.
Cadbury decided to separate its North American soft drinks business in March soon after U.S. billionaire Nelson Peltz built up a stake in the company, in order to focus on its confectionery business.
By June, Chief Executive Todd Stitzer said a sale was more likely than a spin-off as it gave better value to shareholders.
Cadbury's North American beverages employs over 18,000 people at 24 plants. Last year, it had revenues of nearly 2.6 billion pounds and operating profits of 584 million pounds.
Cadbury and the private equity groups declined comment.
CGYTP


text:
Q: Adding alternating pairs of adjacent columns I have a data.frame of Republican and Democratic votes for the presidency by year -- e.g., R2020, D2020, R2016, D2016, etc.  I have entries for all 3108 counties, for 30 elections, so it is a 3108 x 61 data.frame, with the first column being a labels column.  I am looking to get total votes by year for  each county.  E.g., something to this effect:
- New_df[1, 1] = df [1, 2] + df [1, 3]
- New_df[1, 2] = df [1,4] + df [1, 5]
- New_df[1, 3] = df [1, 6] + df [ 1, 7]
. . .

- New_df[3108, 30] = df[3108, 60] + df[3108, 61]

I could use the following code, but I'm wondering if there's a way to do this while avoiding the ugly nested for loops.
for(i in 1: ncol(df)){
  for(j in 1:nrow(df)){
    k <- i * 2
    new_df[j, i] <- df[j, k] + df[j, k + 1]
  }
}

Here is a dput of the first 15 rows and 9 columns (including the label column) of the data.frame:
structure(list(county = c("Adams", "Allen", "Ashland", "Ashtabula",
"Athens", "Auglaize", "Belmont", "Brown", "Butler", "Carroll",
"Champaign", "Clark", "Clermont", "Clinton", "Columbiana"), r2016 = c(8659L,
30487L, 17493L, 23318L, 11354L, 18658L, 21108L, 14573L, 106976L,
9254L, 12631L, 35205L, 67518L, 13838L, 31676L), d2016 = c(2326L,
13294L, 5740L, 15577L, 16370L, 3980L, 8785L, 4353L, 58642L, 3154L,
4594L, 23328L, 26715L, 4066L, 12432L), d2012 = c(3976L, 17914L,
8281L, 23803L, 18307L, 5831L, 14156L, 7107L, 62388L, 5543L, 7044L,
31297L, 30458L, 5791L, 19821L), r2012 = c(6865L, 29502L, 15519L,
18298L, 8543L, 17169L, 16758L, 11916L, 105176L, 7315L, 11045L,
31820L, 64208L, 12009L, 25251L), d2008 = c(4170L, 19522L, 9300L,
25027L, 20722L, 6738L, 16302L, 7503L, 66030L, 6423L, 7385L, 31958L,
31611L, 6558L, 21882L), r2008 = c(6914L, 29940L, 15158L, 18949L,
9742L, 16414L, 15422L, 12192L, 105341L, 7097L, 11141L, 33634L,
62559L, 12409L, 25585L), r2004 = c(7653L, 32580L, 16209L, 21038L,
10847L, 17016L, 15589L, 12647L, 109872L, 7695L, 11718L, 34941L,
62949L, 12938L, 25753L), d2004 = c(4281L, 16470L, 8576L, 24060L,
18998L, 5903L, 17576L, 7140L, 56243L, 6300L, 6968L, 33535L, 25887L,
5417L, 23429L)), row.names = c(NA, 15L), class = "data.frame")

A: Here's a solution with data I made up:
df <-data.frame(
  County = rep(LETTERS,4),
  Party = rep(c(rep("R",26),rep("D",26)),2),
  Year = c(rep(2020,52), rep(2016,52)),
  Votes = rpois(104,1000)
)
library(tidyverse)
df_wide <- pivot_wider(df,names_from = c(Party,Year),values_from = Votes, names_sep = "")
head(df_wide)
# A tibble: 6 × 5
  County R2020 D2020 R2016 D2016
  <chr>  <int> <int> <int> <int>
1 A        996   988   931  1043
2 B        995  1002  1005   984
3 C        980  1017   998  1015
4 D       1035   993  1048   953
5 E       1007  1004   955   980
6 F        970   997   982   992

I think your dataset looks something like that. Now you can use dplyr to get what you want:
library(tidyverse)
total_df <- df_wide %>%
  pivot_longer(cols = -County, names_to = "Party_Year", values_to = "Votes") %>%
  mutate(Party = substring(Party_Year,1,1),
         Year = as.numeric(substring(Party_Year,2,5))) %>%
  group_by(Year,County) %>%
  summarize(Total_Votes = sum(Votes))
head(total_df)
# A tibble: 6 × 3
# Groups:   Year [1]
   Year County Total_Votes
  <dbl> <chr>        <int>
1  2016 A             1974
2  2016 B             1989
3  2016 C             2013
4  2016 D             2001
5  2016 E             1935
6  2016 F             1974

EDIT: Here it is with the dataframe you gave:
library(tidyverse)
total_df <- your_df %>%
  pivot_longer(cols = -county, names_to = "Party_Year", values_to = "Votes") %>%
  mutate(Party = substring(Party_Year,1,1),
         Year = as.numeric(substring(Party_Year,2,5))) %>%
  group_by(Year,county) %>%
  summarize(Total_Votes = sum(Votes))
head(total_df)
# A tibble: 6 × 3
# Groups:   Year [1]
   Year county    Total_Votes
  <dbl> <chr>           <int>
1  2004 Adams           11934
2  2004 Allen           49050
3  2004 Ashland         24785
4  2004 Ashtabula       45098
5  2004 Athens          29845
6  2004 Auglaize        22919

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hi Sgt Eddie here and hopefully we will be reviewing a successful football betting service in 1pt Match Attack.
I am certain that we will have our good days as well as bad, but hopefully by the end of this review we will be in profit.
I will update the blog each day with the results and profits and losses, and also to let you know when we have no bet days.
1pt Match Attack are part of Betfan and according to the Betfan site are 108pts up for this year, although they have only been proofing to Betfan since August.
As we all know the real proof of the pudding is what happens from now.
They recommend an 80pt betting bank so that's the bank that we will use for the review.
The bets it would seem will be mainly accumulators with some singles included, the bets are emailed out to you as well as being available in their tips centre on their website well before the start of the games.
All bets will be 1pt level staking.
Lets hope they perform well.


How to change SBI debit card PIN online. Despite our best efforts, we haven't been able to find a way of changing the PIN for a State Bank of India debit card online. If you know a method, please... If you've misplaced your ATM/debit card and need time to find it, you can temporarily lock or unlock your card right from our Mobile Banking app or through Online Banking to help prevent unauthorized purchases and withdrawals. Then, when you find it, unlocking your card is just as easy.
You can change your Card PIN at any of our POSB/DBS ATM and Video Teller Machine (VTM). POSB/DBS ATM Insert your ATM/Debit/Credit Card and key in your Existing Card PIN .... Financial institutions believe your chances of becoming a fraud victim are lower when you use a debit card with a PIN. So, if fraud does occur, they may blame you for being careless.
Financial institutions believe your chances of becoming a fraud victim are lower when you use a debit card with a PIN. So, if fraud does occur, they may blame you for being careless. how to clean iphone to default factory setting Change your PIN at a Commerce ATM (you must know your current PIN to change it) What is the difference between an ATM card and a Visa ® Debit card? ATM cards give you access to cash from an ATM or through PIN point of sale purchases.
Green PIN - Debit Card PIN Generation Through Bank Of India ATM "Green PIN" is instant PIN generation / regeneration functionality available for Debit Card through ATM with One Time Password (OTP) sent to the customer's mobile number registered with bank.
Now you need to visit your nearest HDFC ATM along with your debit card to re-generate the Pin: Step 1 : Enter your HDFC debit ATM card to the machine. Step 2 : At the bottom of the language selection screen, you find an option " Input your OTP to create a new ATM pin ".
You can change your PIN at any time, and a temporary hold can be placed on your Account if the PIN has been compromised or if your Debit Card is lost or stolen. Maintaining the security of your PIN and Debit Card is your responsibility.


The Investigations dealing with Human Resources by the Private Detective Solihull team in Solihull are knowledgeable as well as diverse. By acting within the law when employee investigations in Solihull are concerned and knowing that It is important to be precise are ways of Private Detective Solihull will to understand the case.
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You are finding it difficult to evaluate the situation of an employee who is off sick with depression inside Solihull.
This individual is apparently working in other places for money as some other highly qualified team have observed him inside Solihull.
You must get proof so that you can be capable of reprimanding the member of staff coming from Solihull.
You is able to carry out a Private Detective Solihull Human Resources Investigation into the workers situation within Dickens Heath according to recruiting regulations.
One of your well trained workforce from Solihull was involved in an accident at the workplace, though there is now a dispute if they adhered to the safety protocols.
You should find the genuine information since the employee is making a claim in opposition to you inside Hampton in Arden.
You will need information and assistance to prove whether or not the basic safety methods were followed during the time of the accident inside Solihull.
Situated in Solihull, Private Detective Solihull is a superb choice for Human Resources Investigations.
A fantastic candidate has interview well and their CV is impressive inside of Cheswick Green, however, you must know can they can really carry out the role.
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A staff member from Dickens Heath who has control over the tills, safe and petty cash is being charged with the recent theft.
To identify who is the offender of the theft that happened you'll be able to come with an investigation within Solihull to construct the reality.
To obtain the assistance you really want a human resource surveillance in the Hampton in Arden by Private Detective Solihull is your ideal means to proceed.
Within Solihull an employee facing termination may decide to get back at the company.
He intentionally planned to incapacitate the company in Hampton in Arden by resetting the data servers to their original settings and even removed all backups.
The harm experienced by the company nearly destroyed the business in Solihull, therefore, the person should be punished.
I have been told that the ideal place to seek help which I badly want is Private Detective Solihull as they can perform surveillance with human resources.


A 34 year old woman presented with an extensive cutaneous eruption on the lower limbs and buttocks. She had had atopic dermatitis with recurrent flares until age 22. She currently had idiopathic hirsutism and chronic foot onychodystrophy. Results of fungal culture of the nails three years earlier were negative. She had no personal or family history of psoriasis and no pets. When the lesions first appeared on her knees six months earlier she had consulted her general practitioner. A diagnosis of psoriasis was suspected and daily topical calcipotriol and betamethasone (strength III—potent topical steroid) were prescribed. The treatment was continued even though the lesions worsened and extended to her thighs and buttocks, with intense pruritus and burning. Finally she consulted our dermatological emergency unit.
She had multiple, widespread, pruritic, mostly well demarcated, erythematous plaques on the knees (fig 1A⇓), thighs, and buttocks. There were disto-lateral modifications of the nails of both big toes, with white-yellow coloration (xanthonychia), thickening of the nail plate (pachyonychia), and distal onycholysis (fig 1B). Her general condition was otherwise normal, including no fever.
1. What is your diagnosis and what history and clinical findings suggest this?
2. What is the best laboratory test to confirm the diagnosis?
3. How should the patient be treated?
Tinea incognito, an atypical extensive dermatophytosis (tinea corporis) often seen with chronic use of topical steroids.


385 people want to do this. 29 people have done this.
The first draft is written, I just need to collect them, complete them, and then get them finished!
We went to talk to the student attorney to give her the information she needs to create our wills.
I booked an appt with an attorney to make a will.


After this Kochi-based auto rickshaw driver witnessed a young man's death caused by potholes, he decided to do something that nobody else thought of doing or thought was necessary. This man on a mission is often ridiculed for what he does, but there are a few who know he has saved countless lives in the process. Watch this interview with KL Job Kadanganparabli.
Rajat is an independent researcher, writer, and filmmaker based out of Bangalore. He has worked in wide range of industries such as IT, Media, NGO, and Academia. Filmmaking is something he has found fascinating since childhood and documentary filmmaking is something which is very close to his heart. He is interested in making documentaries which focuses on environmental and social issues with a human touch.


The 2018 Fran Crippen Memorial Swim Meet of Champions opened last night with the men and women competing in the 1500 meter freestyle events.
On the men's side, the podium was topped by two teenagers. China's Qiu Ziao (19) posted the fastest tie of the night at a 15:19.56, while Mission Viejo's Michael Brinegar (18) turned in a 15:25.46 for second.
The women's side showcased China's young Li Bingjie going head-to-head with U.S. distance veterans Haley Anderson and Ashley Twichell. The 16-year-old managed to pull ahead of the two veterans and claim the victory with a time of 16:07.75, while Anderson finished second with a 16:10.78. Twichell rounded out the podium with a time of 16:16.45.
Both Li and Twichell have been faster this calendar year. Li posted a 15:58.29 at the Chinese National Championships earlier this spring, earning her fourth on the world rankings, while Twichell was a 16:08.70 at the Atlanta stop of the 2018 TYR Pro Swim Series.
Swimming continues today at the Marguerite Aquatics Complex.


text:
BMW e30 Thailand
BMW fans gather here!
Choices: Stories You Play – 5 Classic Features to Know!
By Mathew Watson
Well, Choices: Stories You Play is the game which aims to spread the best simulation based experience among all others. It is recently launched by Pixelberry and also the size of the game is 82 MB. To play it an appropriate manner one should learn all things about it like how to play it properly or you can say how to make deal with it properly.
Another thing is that is you start for the game for the first time, then you are provided with a game tutorial. With the help of it you easily know what essential tasks and activities you need to complete and how to make progress in the game easily. Therefore, it is necessary for the gamers to learn all things about Choices: Stories You Play before you start playing it.
5 features to know about
Here you are going to meet with the most attractive 5 features of Choices: Stories You Play. All the main features are as follows and about them all people should know –
One of the best features of the game is in-app purchases feature. By using the same feature players easily buy anything with the help of real-life money.
There are various types of currency present in the game and also with the rewards which players need to earn as to go far in Choices: Stories You Play.
Another good feature of the game is character customization option. With the help of it you easily create your character accordingly.
Lots of stunning and classic stories present in the game which players need to complete as to go ahead in the game.
Various types of objectives, events and challenges present by which players easily earn currency and make progress in it.
So, all these are the best and top-class features of Choices: Stories You Play. In it, players also make use of the Choices Cheats 2019. With the help of same option, you easily get all things and items in the game easily. Also you get keys and diamonds in it in unlimited amount.
Mathew Watson


text:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "DeviceAccess.h"
#include "trace.h"
#include "Irp.h"
#include "RegText.h"
#include "DeviceAccess.tmh"

#if TARGET_OS_WIN_XP
#include <initguid.h>
#include <Usbbusif.h>
#endif

#if !TARGET_OS_WIN_XP
bool CWdmUSBD::Create()
{
    auto status = IoCreateDevice(m_Driver, 0, NULL, FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, FILE_AUTOGENERATED_DEVICE_NAME, FALSE, &m_USBDDevice);
    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! IoCreateDevice failed, %!STATUS!", status);
        return false;
    }

    m_AttachmentPoint = IoAttachDeviceToDeviceStack(m_USBDDevice, m_TargetDevice);
    if (m_AttachmentPoint == nullptr)
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! IoAttachDeviceToDeviceStack returned NULL");
        return false;
    }

    status = USBD_CreateHandle(m_USBDDevice, m_AttachmentPoint, USBD_CLIENT_CONTRACT_VERSION_602, 'DBHR', &m_USBDHandle);
    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! USBD_CreateHandle failed, %!STATUS!", status);
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

CWdmUSBD::~CWdmUSBD()
{
    if (m_USBDHandle != nullptr)
    {
        USBD_CloseHandle(m_USBDHandle);
    }
    if (m_AttachmentPoint != nullptr)
    {
        IoDetachDevice(m_AttachmentPoint);
    }
    if (m_USBDDevice != nullptr)
    {
        IoDeleteDevice(m_USBDDevice);
    }
}
#endif

ULONG CWdmDeviceAccess::GetAddress()
{
    DEVICE_CAPABILITIES Capabilities;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(QueryCapabilities(Capabilities)))
    {
        return NO_ADDRESS;
    }

    return Capabilities.Address;
}

PWCHAR CWdmDeviceAccess::QueryBusID(BUS_QUERY_ID_TYPE idType)
{
    CIrp irp;

    auto status = irp.Create(m_DevObj);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! Error %!STATUS! during IRP creation", status);
        return nullptr;
    }

    irp.Configure([idType] (PIO_STACK_LOCATION s)
                  {
                      s->MajorFunction = IRP_MJ_PNP;
                      s->MinorFunction = IRP_MN_QUERY_ID;
                      s->Parameters.QueryId.IdType = idType;
                  });

    status = irp.SendSynchronously();

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! Error %!STATUS! during %!devid! query", status, idType);
        return nullptr;
    }

    PWCHAR idData;
    irp.ReadResult([&idData](ULONG_PTR information)
                   { idData = reinterpret_cast<PWCHAR>(information); });

    return (idData != nullptr) ? MakeNonPagedDuplicate(idType, idData) : nullptr;
}

NTSTATUS CWdmDeviceAccess::QueryCapabilities(DEVICE_CAPABILITIES &Capabilities)
{
    CIrp irp;

    auto status = irp.Create(m_DevObj);
    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! Error %!STATUS! during IRP creation", status);
        return status;
    }

    Capabilities = {};
    Capabilities.Size = sizeof(Capabilities);
    Capabilities.Version = 1;
    Capabilities.Address = 0xFFFFFFFF;
    Capabilities.UINumber = 0xFFFFFFFF;

    irp.Configure([&Capabilities](PIO_STACK_LOCATION s)
                  {
                      s->MajorFunction = IRP_MJ_PNP;
                      s->MinorFunction = IRP_MN_QUERY_CAPABILITIES;
                      s->Parameters.DeviceCapabilities.Capabilities = &Capabilities;
                  });

    status = irp.SendSynchronously();
    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! Error %!STATUS! during capabilities query", status);
    }

    return status;
}

SIZE_T CWdmDeviceAccess::GetIdBufferLength(BUS_QUERY_ID_TYPE idType, PWCHAR idData)
{
    switch (idType)
    {
    case BusQueryHardwareIDs:
    case BusQueryCompatibleIDs:
        return CRegMultiSz::GetBufferLength(idData) + sizeof(WCHAR);
    default:
        return CRegSz::GetBufferLength(idData);
    }
}

PWCHAR CWdmDeviceAccess::MakeNonPagedDuplicate(BUS_QUERY_ID_TYPE idType, PWCHAR idData)
{
    auto bufferLength = GetIdBufferLength(idType, idData);

    auto newIdData = ExAllocatePoolWithTag(NonPagedPool, bufferLength, 'IDHR');
    if (newIdData != nullptr)
    {
        RtlCopyMemory(newIdData, idData, bufferLength);
    }
    else
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! Failed to allocate non-paged buffer for %!devid!", idType);
    }

    ExFreePool(idData);
    return static_cast<PWCHAR>(newIdData);
}

NTSTATUS CWdmDeviceAccess::QueryForInterface(const GUID &guid, __out INTERFACE &intf,
    USHORT intfSize, USHORT intfVer, __in_opt PVOID intfCtx)
{
    ASSERT(intfSize >= sizeof(INTERFACE));
    CIrp Irp;
    NTSTATUS status = Irp.Create(m_DevObj);
    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! IRP alloc failed");
        return status;
    }

    Irp.Configure([&](PIO_STACK_LOCATION s)
    {
        s->MajorFunction = IRP_MJ_PNP;
        s->MinorFunction = IRP_MN_QUERY_INTERFACE;
        auto q = &s->Parameters.QueryInterface;
        q->InterfaceType = &guid;
        q->Version = intfVer;
        q->Interface = &intf;
        q->Size = intfSize;
        q->InterfaceSpecificData = intfCtx;
        memset(q->Interface, 0, q->Size);
    });

    status = Irp.SendSynchronously();
    return status;
}

NTSTATUS CWdmUsbDeviceAccess::Reset()
{
    CIoControlIrp Irp;
    auto status = Irp.Create(m_DevObj, IOCTL_INTERNAL_USB_CYCLE_PORT);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! Error %!STATUS! during IOCTL IRP creation", status);
        return status;
    }

    status = Irp.SendSynchronously();

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! Send IOCTL IRP Error %!STATUS!", status);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS CWdmUsbDeviceAccess::GetDeviceDescriptor(USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR &Descriptor)
{
    URB Urb;
    UsbDkBuildDescriptorRequest(Urb, USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE, 0, Descriptor);
    return UsbDkSendUrbSynchronously(m_DevObj, Urb);
}

NTSTATUS CWdmUsbDeviceAccess::GetConfigurationDescriptor(UCHAR Index, USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR &Descriptor, size_t Length)
{
    RtlZeroMemory(&Descriptor, Length);

    URB Urb;
    UsbDkBuildDescriptorRequest(Urb, USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE, Index, Descriptor, static_cast<ULONG>(Length));

    auto status = UsbDkSendUrbSynchronously(m_DevObj, Urb);
    if (Descriptor.wTotalLength == 0)
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! Invalid configuration descriptor on unknown size received.");
        return USBD_STATUS_INAVLID_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR;
    }

    if ((Descriptor.wTotalLength <= Length) && !NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! Failed to retrieve the configuration descriptor.");
        return status;
    }

    return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

USB_DK_DEVICE_SPEED UsbDkWdmUsbDeviceGetSpeed(PDEVICE_OBJECT DevObj, PDRIVER_OBJECT DriverObj)
{
#if !TARGET_OS_WIN_XP
    CWdmUSBD USBD(DriverObj, DevObj);

    if (!USBD.Create())
    {
        return NoSpeed;
    }

    if (USBD.IsSuperSpeed())
    {
        return SuperSpeed;
    }

    if (USBD.IsHighSpeed())
    {
        return HighSpeed;
    }

    return FullSpeed;
#else //TARGET_OS_WIN_XP
    // Using IsDeviceHighSpeed() method of USB_BUS_INTERFACE_USBDI_V1
    // Note: placing the interface on stack because we release it before return
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(DriverObj);
    auto res = NoSpeed;
    USB_BUS_INTERFACE_USBDI_V1 iusbb;
    CWdmDeviceAccess wda(DevObj);
    NTSTATUS status = wda.QueryForInterface(
        USB_BUS_INTERFACE_USBDI_GUID,
        reinterpret_cast<INTERFACE &>(iusbb),
        sizeof(USB_BUS_INTERFACE_USBDI_V1),
        USB_BUSIF_USBDI_VERSION_1
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status)) {
        ASSERT(iusbb.IsDeviceHighSpeed && iusbb.InterfaceDereference);
        res = iusbb.IsDeviceHighSpeed(iusbb.BusContext) ? HighSpeed : FullSpeed;
        iusbb.InterfaceDereference(iusbb.BusContext);
    }

    return res;
#endif //TARGET_OS_WIN_XP
}

bool UsbDkGetWdmDeviceIdentity(const PDEVICE_OBJECT PDO,
                               CObjHolder<CRegText> *DeviceID,
                               CObjHolder<CRegText> *InstanceID)
{
    CWdmDeviceAccess pdoAccess(PDO);

    if (DeviceID != nullptr)
    {
        *DeviceID = pdoAccess.GetDeviceID();
        if (!(*DeviceID) || (*DeviceID)->empty())
        {
            TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! No Device IDs read");
            return false;
        }
    }

    if (InstanceID != nullptr)
    {
        *InstanceID = pdoAccess.GetInstanceID();
        if (!(*InstanceID) || (*InstanceID)->empty())
        {
            TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! No Instance ID read");
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

NTSTATUS UsbDkSendUrbSynchronously(PDEVICE_OBJECT Target, URB &Urb)
{
    CIoControlIrp Irp;
    auto status = Irp.Create(Target, IOCTL_INTERNAL_USB_SUBMIT_URB);
    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! Error %!STATUS! during IOCTL IRP creation", status);
        return status;
    }

    Irp.Configure([&Urb] (PIO_STACK_LOCATION s)
                  { s->Parameters.Others.Argument1 = &Urb; });

    status = Irp.SendSynchronously();

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        TraceEvents(TRACE_LEVEL_ERROR, TRACE_DEVACCESS, "%!FUNC! Send URB IRP Error %!STATUS!", status);
    }

    return status;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Módào zǔshī (Cinese semplificato: 魔道祖师; pīnyīn: Módào zǔshī; lett. "Il gran maestro della scuola demoniaca") è una serie dònghuà ONA trasmessa a partire dal 2018, basata sull'omonimo romanzo scritto dall'autrice Mò Xiāng Tóng Xiù. La serie si svolge in un mondo xiānxiá fittizio in cui gli esseri umani tentano di raggiungere l'immortalità (xiān 仙) attraverso la coltivazione. La serie animata è stata finanziata da Tencent Penguin Pictures e creata da G.C May Animation & Film.

Gli episodi della prima stagione, intitolata Qián chén piān (zh: 前尘篇), sono stati distribuiti da Tencent Video. Questa stagione è andata in onda dal 9 luglio al 6 ottobre 2018 ed è costituita da 15 episodi. La seconda stagione, intitolata Xiàn yún piān (zh: 羡云篇), è composta da 8 episodi mandate in onda dal 3 al 31 agosto 2019 da Tencent Video. La terza stagione è stata rilasciata a partire da agosto 2021.

Nonostante gli eventi principali siano gli stessi, le vicende si svolgono in modo diverso dal romanzo.

Trama
Tredici anni dopo l'assedio aI Colli dei Sepolcri e gli eventi che ne hanno causato la morte, lo spirito di Wèi WúXiàn viene evocato da Mò XuánYǔ, un folle rifiutato dal suo clan e disprezzato dalla propria famiglia, che decide di sacrificare il proprio corpo e la propria anima per vendetta. In seguito al suo ritorno, Wèi WúXiàn si imbatterà in volti conosciuti legati al proprio passato e a causa di una serie di avvenimenti inizierà a viaggiare con uno di essi, Lán WàngJī (蓝忘机). Il loro viaggio li porterà a scoprire molto più di quanto avrebbero creduto, portando alla luce gli eventi che realmente si celano dietro alle vicende di tredici anni prima e che causarono la morte di migliaia di persone, compreso Wèi Wúxiàn.

Stagione 1 (2018)

Stagione 2 (2019)

Stagione 3 (2021)

Colonna sonora

Accoglienza
La serie ha ricevuto recensioni positive per la trama e la qualità della produzione, riscontrando il gradimento dei fan cinesi e internazionali. In Cina, la serie ha scalato le classifiche, guadagnando 1,4 miliardi di visualizzazioni sulla piattaforma streaming della Tencent. Su Douban, Módào zǔshī ha ricevuto 8.9 su 10, diventando uno dei dònghuà più famosi in Cina nel 2018.

All'estero, Módào zǔshī è stato diffuso da Tencent tramite il canale YouTube ufficiale a partire dal 27 agosto 2019 e su WeTV con il titolo The Founder of Diabolism, una piattaforma streaming per gli spettatori oltreoceano creata da Tencent.

Mo dao zu shi Q
Módào zǔshī Q (Cinese semplificato: 魔道祖师Q; pīnyīn: Mó dào zǔ shī Q) è un dònghuà spin-off composto da 30 episodi della durata di 5 minuti in cui vediamo i personaggi interagire al di fuori della storia principale. La serie copre un arco di tempo che va dagli studi ai Meandri delle Nuvole fino al presente. Gli episodi sono prevalentemente di genere comico e in stile chibi.

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
April 4, 2011 Issue
How will we know when machines are more intelligent than we are?
By Adam Gopnik
Computers are still revealingly hopeless at multi-hand poker—where you have to guess your opponent's mental state.Illustration by BARRY BLITT
When I was a small boy, there was a machine in the Franklin Institute, in Philadelphia, that played tic-tac-toe and never lost. No matter where you placed your X, it rebounded with the right O. It could always win or force a draw, even if you went first and took the center square. The machine looked smart to an eight-year-old, but my mother, a logician, linguist, and early Fortran speaker, explained to me on one of our frequent visits that smart was the last thing it was. It could do one thing—play one essentially dumb game—and it could do it only because it had been programmed to follow a mechanical network of on/off switches. It wasn't thinking; it was just tracking.
Now, if the machine could talk, she went on . . . well, then we'd be talking. She eventually became a researcher on an early, ambitious project in "machine translation," which aimed at creating a program for the Canadian government that would translate French into English and English into French, overnight, for Hansard, the parliamentary record. The dream was to write an algorithm, a sort of instant grammar, that the machine would learn and then use to translate sentences at warp speed. (Until then, a team of translators labored to do this, with a significant lag time.) Yet that simple-sounding task, done by bilingual Canadians each day, proved to be fiendishly, instructively, difficult to automate. The algorithm that connected a vocabulary term, seemingly transparent (homme = man) within a grammar, and seemingly easily mirrored (l'homme est = the man is; l'homme était = the man was), remained elusive. So many things that humans are naturally good at—guessing contexts, inferring rules, remembering oddities, resolving ambiguities, and, above all, grasping meaning from fragmentary "input"—defeated the programmers' efforts, leaving the machine tongue-tied.
Since then, various frontiers of human smarts have fallen to computers, but the approach of true artificial intelligence remains as disputable and, according to many programming moms and dads, just as far off as it ever did. Tic-tac-toe fell, and then checkers, and chess went down when Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov, and now the TV trivia quiz show "Jeopardy!" has fallen to a computer system named Watson. On the surface, at least, what Raymond Kurzweil, in accents both ominous and worshipful, calls "the Singularity"—the "Matrix" moment when artificial intelligence becomes as strong as, if not stronger than, the human kind—gets closer all the time.
But are the new machines and programs really smarter? The skeptics point out that what they do is still not really what we mean by "smart." They have a huge inventory of instances, but their capacity for thought isn't so different from that of the tic-tac-toe machine in the science museum. They have big memories, and an amazing ability to race through them quickly to find the right thing to apply to the circumstance—but that doesn't prove that they can think, plan, strategize, surprise, or come up with a plan so crazy it might just work. Though the levels are more various, they're still basically matching familiar scenario A to fixed solution A. They recognize a chess situation on a chess board, and can find in their memory the next move that led most often to victory in human games, but this, the skeptics grumble, was just very well-indexed idiocy, not true smarts.
And yet for centuries memory was intelligence: education was being taught to remember things, and those who did it best were thought to be the brightest. By now, as Joshua Foer points out in his highly entertaining "Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything" (Penguin Press; $26.95), our retreat from memory has reached the point where one scientist has outsourced his memory to a SenseCam, which hangs around his neck. In the book's most arresting section, Foer patiently deduces that a self-styled savant named Daniel Tammet, who dazzles experts with his computerlike capacity for total recall, is probably a gifted but traditional performer using mnemonic tricks older than the vaudeville stage. The ability to perform memorization feats was once in itself dazzling; now the feats are dazzling only if you pretend that you're not really doing them—memory amazes only if it's presented as a gift, not as a skill, since the skill is already, so to speak, fully mechanized.
In the same way, Watson, the "Jeopardy!" computer, as Stephen Baker explains, at intricate and eloquent length, in "Final Jeopardy: Man vs. Machine and the Quest to Know Everything" (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; $24), was playing the game not like a normal "Jeopardy!" player but like a computer, with a huge database to draw on and a relatively weak internal censor against offering incredibly stupid responses when they popped up. The key to the treasure-house turns out to be the warehouse. Although Watson was vastly more suave and subtle than the old machines, it was still a server stuffed with answers and a retrieval device to find them. Organized dumbness is what beat human smarts. Computer programs are still revealingly hopeless at three- and four-hand poker, where, as they say, you "play the man, not the hand"—where you have to guess your opponent's mental state from his "tells," not his hole cards from your knowledge of the odds. Win at three-hand poker, with its three-dimensional mind-modelling . . . and then we'll talk.
Or, rather, really talk, and we won't have to worry about three-hand poker. If a program could consistently counterfeit human language in an ongoing exchange such that you couldn't tell that you were conversing with a computer, then, many theorists have argued, the threshold of intelligence would have been crossed, and there would be no need for more games to conquer. This is the famous "Turing test," named for Alan Turing, the tragic gay British genius who helped break the Enigma code, and who first proposed that the true test for artificial intelligence was to see if, cut off by a "black curtain," you would be able to tell a machine's answer from a human's in a natural-language conversation. Break that barrier, and the computer is as good as a guy or girl.
I had always thought of the Turing test as an abstract conceit, a philosopher's question, but it turns out to have produced actual tournaments—as though Zeno's paradox had produced real races run between tortoises and Greek warriors. The ins and outs of Turing tests and tournaments are the subject of the poet and computer aficionado Brian Christian's terrific "The Most Human Human" (Doubleday; $27.95), one of the rare successful literary offspring of "Gödel, Escher, Bach," where art and science meet an engaged mind and the friction produces real fire. Christian looks at a British Turing tournament, and its history, along with a parallel control tournament, to see if a human can seem human in a remote conversation: the "most human human" is challenged to shape his or her typing so that it unmistakably signals that it's a person talking.
Christian, in a book dense with ideas—ranging from an "anti-Lincoln-Douglas" debate format that every progressive school should take up to a discussion of why movie trailers are usually better than the movies they condense—points out that how competitors fare in the Turing tests is more about the style of the response than about the substance. Human intelligence expressed in sentences doesn't have only attributes and attainments; it has affect. Our stance, our emotional tone, is a surer sign that it's us back there than the ability to answer skill-testing questions. We interrupt, infer, guess, exclaim, ignore. And, at a deeper level, we express a "meta-attitude" about what we're saying and doing even as we say and do it. Human beings have the ability not only to win at "Jeopardy!" but to feel a little embarrassed about winning on "Jeopardy!" Nor is this affect merely "emotional," in the classic Kirk-to-Spock sense. ("Have you . . . no feelings! No ability. To go . . . beyond logic and know what's in . . . a human heart?") Empathy and sympathy, jokes and wordplay, are as necessary to intelligence as pure reason: the poker-playing program breaks down because it can't put itself in the mind of the guy across the table. Wit and puns aren't just décor in the mind; they're essential signs that the mind knows it's on, recognizes its own software, can spot the bugs in its own program.
Christian's central point is that the Turing bots that work best, whether produced by a computer or shaped by a mind, have to be, or fake being, dynamic. The best test of their humanness is not how smartly they offer answers but how quickly they interrupt, get distracted, compress information into slang codes, rely on "uh"s and "ah"s. Intelligence is an affect engaged in an activity. It flits between the empty spaces as much as it takes place in the exchanges. If a teen-age boy says to a teen-age girl, "I was, like, wondering, if, like, you'd like to, like, go to that, uh, thing at Jacob's?" and she says, "Uh, well . . ." it's bad news. But if she says, "Well, um . . ." it's promising, and if she says, "Yeah, like, funny, because, um . . ." it's the best news of all. Prefixes and tics and characteristic mannerisms are richly coded with information. The two best Presidential communicators of recent decades had distinctive vocal prefixes that did a lot of their talking for them: Ronald Reagan's "Well . . ." meant "Despite your attempt to antagonize me, I'm still going to appeal to plain old placid common sense," while Obama's "Look . . ." means "Forgive me if I sound impatient, but if you'll actually examine the facts in the case you'll see I'm right." One marker assures Capraesque cheer; the other, Spockian certitude. And it's hard to make either understandable to a machine.
Christian goes on to make the subtler, poetic point that human talk is not just an exchange of axioms, or even of emotionally coded abbreviations, but an activity played on an edge between the "lossiness" of compressed communication and the nimbleness with which we compress it—between our knowledge that in everything we say we have to leave out a lot of information for economy's sake and our ability to make that economy itself eloquent and informative. Kid-speak, again, is an ideal instance of compression in balance with concision. What sounds to the outsider limited and repetitive is to the knowing listener as nuanced as Henry James. When one eleven-year-old girl says to another eleven-year-old girl, "So then, like, the teacher got all, like, all of you, I guess, are, like, going to have to do a, like, I don't know, a makeup test. So! Like, yeah," she means: "The teacher, becoming heated"—that's why she "got, like," rather than "said, like"—"announced, in effect, that many of us (I suppose, at a first approximation, all)will, at some point in, as it were, the near future, have to take what actually amounts to, when all is said and done, a secondary makeup test. I have indignant feelings about this—as who among us would not?—but I recognize their essential futility." All of this is completely clear to the knowing listener, but it's been impossible, so far, to teach a machine to, you know, like, really, like, get it.
Yet human intelligence has another force, too: the sense of urgency that gives human smarts their drive. Perhaps our intelligence is not just ended by our mortality; to a great degree, it is our mortality. Imagine, for the moment, a set of networked, self-correcting computers, programmed to pursue a deliberately vague, long-term goal: say, "Make as many significant calculations as you can, and try to make more than any other computer in the lab," with "significant" left deliberately multivalent, open-ended. Then imagine that each of these computers has a stick of explosives by its C.P.U., with a slow-acting and temperamental seventy-year fuse, and that each knows it. And add that the corrosive acid that detonates the fuse also gradually slows down each computer's functioning—so that it's much better off, more likely to make more significant calculations, by interfacing with another computer before its own connections have worn down. The computers would, at every moment, have to make fiendishly difficult decisions about whether a particular calculation was worth investing in, given the larger, life-limited task of making truly significant calculations. They would have to calculate the benefits and losses, for instance, of intense exchange early on against the knowledge of their approaching annihilation, and against the demands of all the other tasks that needed doing. Some would retreat and do nothing but solitary calculations; some would network furiously; some would ask if it was worth trying to win TV quiz shows when the aim was to win the most-significant-calculations contest. The computers would make calculations of the right balance between time taken and significance achieved and distribute these within the network. Given the time pressures, the calculations would probably be short—say, ten or eleven lines—and the most insightful would probably be shared by all the other machines. (They might even be made more easily memorable by being set to rhythms and melodic patterns.) Some machines would doubtless start producing subprograms that meditated more abstractly on the difficulties of being a smart machine with an explosion waiting. ("At my back I always hear time's winged program drawing near"; "Gather your subroutines while you may.") Within a generation, irony, poetry, ambiguity, ecstasy would all be parts of the computers' output and affect. They would be smart and stupid as we are smart and stupid. For the time being, the Singularity approaches, and we find ourselves at war not with an army of dying computers or super-intelligent robots who look like Daryl Hannah but with immobile, pathetic nerds who have somehow memorized the phone book and the encyclopedia. They have even made progress with my mom's problem. Stephen Baker explains that Google has approached the difficulty of machine translation not by coming up with a "Hansard algorithm" but by essentially entering all of Hansard into the program, creating such a huge corpus of French/English sentences that it can almost always find a near-match for any sentence you give it and tap-dance its way around the rest. It works, kind of.
But only kind of. A famous apologetic sentence from Albert Camus's Nobel Prize acceptance speech becomes, in Googleized English: "How can a man almost young, rich only in his doubts and still a work in progress, accustomed to live in solitude at work or pensions in friendship, should he not learned with a sort of panic which carried off at once, and only reduces to itself in the middle of a harsh light?" The most egregious error is typical of what still goes wrong: Camus uses the French word retraites in the less common sense of "retreats," "escapes"; the program has it stored in the more common French sense of "old-age pensions." A human speaker grasps instantly that "pensions" makes no sense in the context, but this isn't something the program is programmed to do.
Almost every sentence in Google Translate is tilted, weird, or just plain wrong—yet the general sense is tolerable, coming ever closer to the crossover moment when, by sheer statistical force, it does the job better than we can. Perhaps the real truth is this: the Singularity is not on its way—the Singularity happened long ago. We have been outsourcing our intelligence, and our humanity, to machines for centuries. They have long been faster, bigger, tougher, more deadly. Now they are much quicker at calculation and infinitely more adept at memory than we have ever been. And so now we decide that memory and calculation are not really part of mind. It's not just that we move the goalposts; we mock the machines' touchdowns as they spike the ball. We place the communicative element of language above the propositional and argumentative element, not because it matters more but because it's all that's left to us. The machines think, and we say that thinking is really the shrugs we make between statements; they talk, and we say that talk is really just the sounds we make between sentences. Doubtless, even as the bots strap us down to the pods and insert the tubes in our backs, we'll still be chuckling, condescendingly, "They look like they're thinking, sure, very impressive—but they don't have the affect, the style, you know, the vibe of real intelligence. It's just zombie stuff. Watch those buckles, cyber boy!" But by then we'll know, at least, the unique characteristic of human intelligence. What do we really mean by "smart"? The ability to continually diminish the area of what we mean by it. ♦
Published in the print edition of the April 4, 2011, issue.
Adam Gopnik, a staff writer, has been contributing to The New Yorker since 1986. He is the author of, most recently, "A Thousand Small Sanities: The Moral Adventure of Liberalism."
More:(Pres.) Ronald ReaganAlan TuringAlbert CamusArtificial Intelligence (A.I.)Barack ObamaCommunicationComputersDeep BlueExplosivesLanguageMachinesMemoryPokerRobotsSpockTranslationWatson


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text:
ModifyApk > Role Playing > Fate/Grand Order
Posted by ModifyApk July 8, 2020
Fate/Grand Order Modify Apk – Those that are enthusiastic about Anime should be no stranger to the "Destiny/keep Evening" sequence that features so many various films. It is a film that pulls viewers proper after its debut. Due to the gorgeous graphics, attention-grabbing plot, the movie has been very profitable each domestically and internationally. Now the film has been changed into a game on the cellular platform with the identify Fate/Grand Order. As quickly because it was launched, the game ranked within the Prime 1 obtain charts on each the App Retailer and Google Play, in addition to topped the Prime Grossing rankings. This has proven that the game has a attraction that makes each home and worldwide avid gamers irresistible. Ignore the language barrier when the game is all Japanese, however this can not forestall the curiosity of nearly all of the gaming group throughout the globe. Produced and revealed by Aniplex, an organization specializing in Japanese anime and music. That is the corporate's first game but it surely has attracted an excessive amount of consideration from each Japanese and world avid gamers. The game was developed based mostly on the second a part of the anime sequence "Destiny/Keep Evening", promising to carry gamers an amazing expertise. So do you wish to change into a Grasp or not? In that case, please download Fate/Grand Order now.
Revolves round a corporation referred to as Chaldea, whose mission is to guard the survival of mankind throughout generations. By observing the longer term by way of "SHIVA", the essential members of Chaldea identified in regards to the destruction of mankind in July 2016, attributable to its location in an space of Fuyuki metropolis – had been There have been 2 Holy Grail Wars in "Fate/Zero" and "Destiny/keep evening". You might be one of many 48 apprentices Master of Fate / Grand Order mission that was put into the previous to destroy all of the elements that may disturb the stream of time. You've been summoned to an essential assembly however the assembly appears such as you had been kicked out. At that second, the group was attacked by Lev Reinol Flauros, inflicting 47 different individuals attending the assembly to go to hibernation. And the pinnacle of the Olga-Marie mission was put right into a black gap. As for you and Marche, one other graduate scholar has been teleported to Fuyuki metropolis, the place the fifth Holy Grail Battle is going down. Presently, Marche is at present a servant of the Shielder class. With the assistance of future Dr. Roman and Olga-Marie, you could overcome previous battles to protect the existence of mankind. The struggle came about in July 2016, that is the time of the occasion that led to the destruction of people. You may be the companion of the principle character within the game to battle to stop this occasion from taking place.
Coming into the game you'll play the position of a Grasp to summon your servant, in contrast to within the Anime you can solely summon a servant to serve you. The game lets you summon numerous completely different servants with completely different courses in historical past within the type of playing cards, however you'll be able to solely come clean with 55 servants. With the servants that you've, you'll construct a powerful squad to have the ability to battle with you to stop the destruction of humanity. Every match, gamers will be capable to select 2 squads, together with the principle and reserve squad. The principle squad consists of a most of three servants together with 2 of your strongest servant and 1 servant of your pals. As for the reserve group, consisting of three weaker servants will begin the battle when the principle squad is totally destroyed. Utilizing their countering kinds, Saber is stronger than Lancer, Lancer is stronger than Archer, and Archer is stronger than Saber. Gamers should be sensible to decide on their fight squad.
The game has numerous completely different servants, coming from completely different courses like Saber, Lancer, Archer … You may be glad with the choice of servants to construct a squad and battle. Along with the favored courses, there are additionally uncommon courses like Ruler, which is the one servant that resists injury from all different courses besides Avenger. As well as, gamers can even carry their servant ban by equipping Servants Piece equivalent to the category of every servant to extend the facility, also called Restrict Break. And there are a lot of different upgrades within the game which can be ready for gamers to find.
The Servant isn't the one one upgraded but in addition the Masters shall be upgraded. After successful the battle, the participant will obtain further EXP factors, after accumulating sufficient required EXP, the Grasp shall be upgraded to change into stronger.
Take the model of two.5D Animation extraordinarily monumental and distinctive. Who will really feel the fullness of what the game brings, you'll really feel an excellent Anime with spectacular battle scenes taking place proper earlier than your eyes.
The results of the artistic group made it very clean and monumental. From Saber's flashy Excalibur to Archer-Emiya's extremely dramatic Archer-Emiya Limitless Blade Works, all of it comes out superbly. The sound within the game can also be a powerful spotlight of the game, with the sounds which can be ingeniously built-in into the actions or traces of the character.
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ModifyApk July 8, 2020
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text:
El Cepillo sacapelo, usualmente llamado sacapelo a secas, es una herramienta para uso del profesional peluquero, que cumple la finalidad de retirar los restos de cabello que le han sido cortados al receptor del servicio.

Otras aplicaciones del cepillo
Además de utilizarse para los fines comentados al inicio del presente artículo, el sacapelo (como es el caso del modelo de la ilustración) posee dentro del mango una cámara que sirve para colocar talco desde la parte inferior, donde cuenta con una tapa que se ajusta a rosca o presión para permitir que dicho mineral quede bien atrapado dentro del receptáculo.
En forma intercalada y en el mismo lugar donde se halla asentada la cerda del cepillo hay unos pequeños orificios desde donde se va soltando el talco, cuando se hace presión sobre un botón que hay en su mango y que se puede observar en el modelo presentado. Esta aplicación se usa cuando se pasa el cepillo sobre partes donde se ha cortado o rasurado muy a ras de la piel, permitiendo aliviar la posible irritación que suele aparecer en tales circunstancias.

Materiales de construcción
En estas épocas modernas y por una cuestión de economía y practicidad, se suelen fabricar en material plástico; y la supuesta cerda también es reemplazada por finas hebras de nylon.
Sin embargo hay modelos de muy fina y artesanal confección que se fueron realizando a partir del comienzo de su uso en la peluquería.
Por ejemplo con mangos de nácar, plata, marfil, bronce, aluminio, madera, madera labrada, etcétera.

Mantenimiento
Por su aplicación directa sobre la piel de las personas, al igual que por su uso para arrastrar cabellos cortados que han quedado en el peinador (protección de tela que se coloca sobre las ropas del cliente o parroquiano); es muy conveniente efectuar su esterilización con excesiva frecuencia.

Usos en otras actividades
Son muy utilizados por los peluqueros dedicados a los animales domésticos (más comúnmente los perros o canes), pero suelen ser de tamaño más grande y de mayor ancho en lo que concierne a la superficie de sus cerdas.

Herramientas
Peluquería