As promised here is part two in my children and technology series and this week we are looking at how to protect our children from the blue light from screens.
Just how much screen time is OK for kids? It's a question us parents continually ask and feel guilty about all the time. In my view, it depends on many factors and one of them is the artificial blue light that is emitted from technology such as iPads, smartphones, computers and so on. Blue light is one of the most overlooked but arguably the most important and easily remedied factor when it comes to the safe use of screens. It's often referred to as 'junk light' or 'fake light' and below I will explain why.
Why is blue light from screens a problem?
All life on Earth evolved under the sun. The day-night circadian rhythm is what wakes us up in the morning and makes us fall asleep at night. It's fundamental to all life. We can see just how powerful it is when we travel from one time zone to the next and we are awake at all hours, suffering from jet-lag.
Our circadian rhythm is optimal when we spend all day outside and sleep as soon as the sun sets, with nothing more than moonlight, campfires and candlelight to break the darkness. It sounds romantic but it's far more than that. A synchronised natural circadian rhythm is critical to our health and wellbeing.
The judges who awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine even thought so, when they awarded it to ground-breaking research on how a mismatch between our internal biological clock and light affects our wellbeing.
So what exactly is all the hoo-ha about blue light?
Blue is one of many colours in the visible light spectrum. It has a very short wavelength which means it generates a lot of energy relative to other colours. It makes our sky blue, wakes us up in the morning and lifts our mood. Yet it's also found in artificial light: screens, TVs, tablets, phones and our overhead lighting. Not only is blue light high in energy but it also flickers a lot creating a glare commonly associated with eyestrain, headaches and fatigue.
But there's quite a difference between the blue light found in full spectrum natural sunlight and artificial light, which is where we run into trouble. Let me explain why.
Full spectrum light as found in nature contains all the colours of the rainbow. The mix of colours and intensity gradually change between morning and night. Bright blue in the morning (sunrise) to wake us up and a softer red at night (sunset) to prepare us for sleep. One colour never really dominates the natural light spectrum. There are no dramatic spikes in natural light, it's all gentle curves.
On the other hand, the light spectrum for artificial blue light is spiky because the softer restorative red and infra-red colours have been reduced or removed. Blue light from screens and much of our lighting has four times the amount of blue light you get from the sun. In other words, the high energy wavelengths have turned us all into night shift workers, high on blue light from our screens when we should be sleeping.
Natural outdoor light is balanced perfectly. Just like listening to good music, the tones are easy on the ear balanced throughout the ranges from the bass to the higher end. Yet listening to a screeching child or a singer at the high end of the range can be excruciating. It can shatter a wine glass. It's exhausting and the same goes for high energy blue light, it makes our eyes work really hard. On exposure to artificial blue light, a photopigment in the eye (melanopsin) becomes saturated which suppresses melatonin and inflammation and disease can then set in. Unlike with noise, we often don't feel the pain until it's too late and we are struck down with blindness or a chronic disease. Myopia, age-related macular degeneration, obesity, diabetes and Parkinson's Disease are just a few of the conditions escalating along with the increase in artificial blue lighting, and there is a growing body of scientific evidence linking the two.
A healthy circadian rhythm is linked to increased life longevity. It protects you against a myriad of diseases and eye problems including myopia, cataracts and age-related macular degeneration disease. It increases your energy, keeps you slimmer, reduces your risk of developing diabetes and protects you against cancer. Of course, you will sleep like a baby too.
Cancer rates are highest amongst those who work at night time. Night shift work has actually been categorised as 'probably carcinogenic' by the World Health Organisation. There is an 80% higher breast cancer risk and a three times higher prostate cancer risk for night workers exposed to light all night.
Rates of myopia (short-sightedness) are highest in countries where technology use is highest. In most of East Asia, the rates of myopia have doubled and tripled over the last 40 years. In South Korea 96% of people under the age of 25 have myopia.
How does blue light from screens affect children?
Children between the ages of 8 and 18 spend more than seven hours a day looking at electronic devices and screens.
The LED technology in these screens emits high energy blue light waves. It's not offset by the regenerative red colours that are so visible in nature at sunset. This cortisol spiking blue keeps us awake making us think it is midday when it is midnight. It stimulates our brain, even making us crave food as our brain tries to muster all the energy it needs to deal with this exhausting form of light. Children's eyes are still developing which leaves them wide open to the negative effects of blue light.
Importantly, artificial blue light also prevents us from releasing melatonin at night which is the sleep hormone. If you don't release melatonin you don't just lose restorative sleep but also the greatest anti-oxidant and anti-cancer agent we've got. Could it be one of the reasons we are seeing massive growths in cancer rates, including amongst children?
In short, the blue light from the screens of computers, tablets, TVs and cell phones suppress melatonin which we need for rest and repair during the night and to fight disease and cancer cells.
How do we offset this blue light?
One way is simply by capturing all the natural light that we can during the day. If you are inside for most of the day, get some natural light before and after school and as much as you can at the weekend. Natural blue-rich light during the day is needed to make melatonin at night. Have you ever noticed how you sleep like a log after a long day in the sun, the sea or camping?
We just cannot afford to ignore our light environment. You need to hack everything: your computer screen, phone screen, television, reading lamps and overhead lighting. So here are some simple tips to protect your kids from the blue light from screens.
• Get outdoors and expose your eyes to natural light as much as possible. This means without sunglasses.
• Wear blue and green blocking glasses after sunset such as those available from BLUBlox, who stock both adult and children's range and are made in Perth, Western Australia. Do not wear blue blocking glasses outside. Word of warning! There are lots of poor quality blue blocking glasses on the market. Glasses used at night time need to block ALL blue and green light and most don't. If you already own blue blockers and want to check if they are effective or not use this test as a guide. I went through many glasses before finding some that passed. If you want to play it safe and buy the glasses I use and recommend, use the discount code Econscious at checkout and get 10% off!
• Install blue blocking software or filters on your computer screens. I use Iris on my desktop and laptop because I believe it is the best technology out there. They also have a download available for Android devices. It is more complicated to download Iris to Apple devices but it can be done. F.Lux is an alternative and is also very good.
• Install a red light filter on children's smartphones. Here's the simple hack I use for mine and it's free. Otherwise, you can buy a blue screen filter such as the Pavoscreen which blocks about 60% of blue light.
• For watching TV or gaming, children really need to wear blue blocking glasses and this of course also protects you from the blue light you will be getting from your overhead LED and fluorescent lights which are just as detrimental to your health. During the day amber coloured glasses are fine but at night you need red coloured glasses.
• Once the sun has gone down limit the use of screens.
If you follow these steps and those from my previous blog on EMFs, you will dramatically reduce the health hazards associated with the use of screens and technology. Our children are vulnerable, let's protect them as much as we can.
For more posts about transitioning to a healthier home, subscribe to my newsletter below – you'll also receive my Top 15 Healthy Home Tips!


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4+ Years in related field.
Note: Kindly respond with your updated resume/CV only if your skill sets match the requirement.


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Manga Review
Maison Ikkoku Collector's Edition Volume 1
darkstorm • 17th September 2020
Rumiko Takahashi has been a manga author since the late 1970s, and a well-beloved one at that. If you have not heard of her, you'll most certainly have heard of her most famous works: Ranma ½, Urusei Yatsura and Inuyasha. She's extremely popular in Japan as well as the West, with Inuyasha selling over 45 million copies, and she's still working to this day with a series called MAO. Maison Ikkoku was her second series, clocking in at 15 volumes and over 25 million in sales, and this brand new Collector's Edition goes on sale just in time for its 40th anniversary (yes, it first came out in October 1980, and that was 40 years ago – feel old yet?)
The story of Maison Ikkoku takes place in an apartment house, home to many colourful characters including Yusaku, a 'ronin' (original meaning ' a wandering masterless samurai' – used in modern Japan to describe someone who is unemployed or secondary school graduate yet to attend university) who seems to constantly fail to get into college and blames his nosy and noisy neighbours on his failures. Enter Kyoko, the beautiful new apartment manager, and suddenly Yusaku doesn't want to move out anymore! He constantly attempts and fails to tell her how he feels, not helped by the crazy lives of his neighbours, but Kyoko seems to hold secrets of her own. Could the older women ever fall in love with a loser like Yusaku?
If I had to describe this manga series in five words or less, I would say 'Love Hina but for adults'. Now, I know that doesn't sound like an inviting summary, considering I've dismissed Love Hina in the past but hear me out. It's true that both series have surface-level similarities: the main male leads are ronin, they live in apartment buildings with eccentric neighbours, they both have rooms with broken walls that can be used for peeping, and the main female love interest does physically slap the male lead for misunderstandings. (In fact, Love Hina came out in 1998, so I wouldn't be surprise if it was somewhat inspired by Rumiko Takahashi's work). But 'for adults' doesn't mean that there's more sexy content or fan service here, but instead all of the cast are over 20 years old, with the majority of the side characters being actually working class and family-centric and so, naturally, are more mature than those found in the average rom-coms we get these days. That's not to say that this particular series is mature through and through, we still get many familiar tropes from the 'accidental' breast grope, the misunderstandings between the love interest, the 'will they or won't they' dance, etc.
As already noted, this series first came out in the 80s, so the tropes we're all used to would have been a lot fresher back then than they are now. But what makes this series stand out, even to this day, is the characters. The fact that the cast is mostly adults all living together trying to get on with their day does make this series still feel fresh, considering that most anime focus on teenagers and students. But in this series only one character is in college (at least at the start of the series is trying to get into one) the rest have full-time jobs, one is a single mum raising her son in the apartment complex, and we have other single females who go out drinking and meet people outside of the rooms. So, each character feels rich and stands out because they have their own lives and, like in real life, come and go as they please and aren't in every story. Yusaku feels very similar to the male leads you get in rom-coms to this day; he's a bit of a loser, constantly blaming others for his problems, falls head over heels for Kyoko despite barely knowing her and, being just 20 years old, he's still trying to find his place in the world, as well as what he wants to do with his life. He is the butt-joke for most of the neighbours, all of whom take great delight in picking on him. Due to his nature as well as his character development in this book alone, there's a nice balance between us feeling sorry for the guy, wanting him to catch a break from the bad luck he's having, and laughing with the side characters when they mock him, since half of the bad stuff that happens to him is merely a consequence of his own actions. It's that perfect balance between ridicule and sympathy that Rumiko Takahashi nails from the first panel.
And then there's Kyoko, who's quite different from your average female love interest. It's revealed early on that she is, in fact, a widow, which puts her tsundere-ish actions into a new context. She's reeling from the loss of her husband and has just moved into a new job and home, so understandably, she's going to be a bit defensive and skittish. Not helped by the fact that every person who lives in the complex not only wants to know everything about her but gives unwarranted advice. I'm sure that anyone over 20 years old reading this will not only feel great sympathy for Kyoko but also has heard many of the things the neighbours constantly ask her: "Do you have a boyfriend?", "Are you married?", "When are you going to have children?" and other questions along those lines. It's all for comedic effect of course, in fact the comedy in this is very good despite a few outdated references (I did laugh out loud quite a few times in this volume) but there's also a bittersweet element to the story that keeps you hooked into the romance. Despite framing all of Kyoko's and Yusaku's interactions in mostly a comedic manner, it's clear that the pair are just not ready for a relationship yet. Kyoko has all the walls put up, still missing her late husband and has even named her dog after him, whilst Yusaku is immature, directionless and has little self-discipline. But by the end of this volume, when the pair for the first time communicate like adults, you start to see where the series is going; the pair need to grow up, and then eventually towards each other for the relationship to work, and it's going to take a lot of work before we get to a stage where they can have a happy, and more importantly, healthy relationship.
This Collector's Edition has been released by VIZ who have a long history with this series; they licensed the series originally back in 1993 but the images/pages were flipped, with some chapters shown out of order and even some completely missing. They eventually re-released the series in its proper right-to-left format and complete across 15 volumes from 2003 to 2006. The series has had over 4 translators across its original runs but this new edition provides a fresh translation from Matt Treyvaud; his translation is mostly fluid and flows the comedy along very nicely. I found it a tad off-putting that the inner thoughts of the characters are conveyed in a completely different font but overall, it's a good investment if you're the collector type and like to own different translations of the same product. As I reviewed a digital copy of this collector's edition, I sadly cannot say physically what's different about this book aside from the fact that the first volume of the 2003 release had only 224 pages, whilst this copy has over 300 pages, containing the first 16 chapters of the series. According to the VIZ blog the book also comes with colour inserts. The manga in total has 161 chapters so it's going to be a heavy investment, even if VIZ seem to be collecting more into each edition.
Rumiko Takahashi's art style is very distinct; you're never going to mistake her character designs for another's and, like the writing, the art holds up to this day, being very clean, and despite Yusaku's tendency to daydream in the midst of an interaction, I never got lost on what was just his imagination or what was happening in real life.
Maison Ikkoku is a delightfully bittersweet rom-com that, for the most part, holds up to this date, despite being 40 years old. If you have yet to get yourself acquainted with Rumiko Takahashi's work, or are looking to upgrade your copies, now's a great time to invest in this series.
By day, I work in the television industry. By night, I'm a writer for Anime UK News. Twitter: @lilithdarkstorm
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


5 weeks have past and i am still jobless no one wants me no one needs me i am starting to understand why people say jobless lives are horrible i need to get a job.
ok so i bought a little restaurant like place on the corner of sipson and marg st and guess what that is right next door to office stamps my old work and my boss always comes to the bakery near or next to the office so ha he will have to come in and he will see how well i am doing.
Many days have passed and my bakery is finally ready for a grand opening but i need staff.
I was a normal teenage girl. But could all that change when the new neighbour arrives??


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Home » Blogs » SDM Blog » SDMs Russ Gager Reports from CSAA in Hawaii; New Officers Elected
Laura Stepanek is an SDM contributing writer. Laura was the Editor of SDM from 2001-2020 and first joined the publication in 1984. She holds a bachelor's degree in English from Barat College of DePaul University.
SDMs Russ Gager Reports from CSAA in Hawaii; New Officers Elected
Laura Stepanek
The Central Station Alarm Association held its annual meeting this week on the Big Island of Hawaii, and installed new officers at the Wednesday evening President's Reception.
SDM's Russ Gager reported live from the meeting, as well as participated on a panel discussion with other editors about trends in technology.
2007 has been an exceptional year, said Steve Doyle, CSAA's executive vice president. He reported that non-dues income is now two-thirds of the association's annual budget. "Non-dues revenue growth is a good indicator of the health of the association," Doyle said.
Doyle also reported that international interest has been expressed in the association's online courses that are part of the CSAA Five Diamond certification services, from Australia, China, and Brazil where 2,000 central stations are located, he said. CSAA plans to update its Web site with multilingual capability.
Outgoing treasurer Bob Bean reported that 39 new members have joined the association and new dues income has reached $250,000. The association is progressing towards it goal of gaining 75 new members by June 2008, while CSAA currently is conducting a "member-get-a-member" campaign.
CSAA's newly elected officers are:
President – Bud Wulforst, A-1 Security
First vice president – Ed Bonifas, Alarm Detection Systems
Second vice president – Robert Bean, Alert Alarm of Hawaii
Secretary – John Lombardi, CIA Security
Treasurer – Daniel Demers, Reliance Protectron Inc.
Assistant secretary – Pam Petrow, Vector Security
Incoming directors – Peter Lowitt, Stan Oppenheim, Chester Donati, Mike Meredith, Wayne Beck, Irv Rickless, and Steve Walker.
Ed Turzanski, senior fellow of the Center for Terrorism, Counter-terrorism and Homeland Security with the Foreign Policy Institute was the keynote speaker on Monday, October 22. He compared the war against Islamic extremists, which he thinks started with the Iranian hostage crisis in 1979, to the cold war and suggested courses of action to shorten the Islamic war.
For more information, visit www.csaaul.org
SDM Editors
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False alarms cost money as it requires a...
The NICET test should be taken by all...
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Congrat's and enjoy!...
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You need a lot more than calcium for bones, muscles, teeth and nerves. There are cofactors in food that a calcium pill will not provide.
See this article and this one for more on K2 and calcium. Here's a podcast also.
How much calcium do we need on a Paleo Diet?
Depending on who you read, the goal is 800 – 1100 mg. of calcium per day. You absolutely can get this from food, but if you don't tolerate dairy or eat enough of the right foods frequently enough, you may be caught short.
Calcium is especially important for children, teens, athletes and menopausal women. My own bone density plummeted in the last few years so I'm making changes in my exercise (more weights, more walking, less sitting at work) and in my foods and supplements to get the collagen, minerals and vitamins I need. Hormones and magnesium too!
Do we get calcium from Bone Broth?
A big surprise is finding that Bone Broth does NOT have significant mineral levels. Kaayla Daniel and Sally Fallon Morrell researched this and found it to be true.
There are good reasons to consume Bone Broth but calcium is not one of them… My hunch is that the broth has to be cooked until the bones themselves actually break up and start to dissolve into the broth. It may be that making a pate of the super-soft bone remnants is one good source of calcium and other bone substrates.
Collagen (from gelatin) provides the matrix that bone is grown on. That's a major benefit of bone broth or gelatin powder. I prefer this one from Vital Proteins as it dissolves in cold water and doesn't gel up. You may also consider the JOT Joint, Disc, and Cartilage Support supplement in my online store.
Dairy has calcium but it's not very bio-available. Raw milk products have more bio-available calcium than pasteurized.
Most Americans get their calcium from dairy and "fortified" orange juice, cereals, bread, soy or almond milk. We don't eat those on The Diet For Human Beings (my version of Paleo, sold on my excellent DVD here). Cupfuls of leafy veggies, broccoli and canned salmon are not everyday foods for most people. And maybe not Paleo eaters either!
I recommend my clients and Primal Diet – Modern Health podcast listeners stop all dairy except grass-fed ghee, and wait to try adding it back as a separate food challenge once you've realized benefits from Paleo and are ready to experiment further.
The correct order to challenge dairy is this: ghee; then butter and heavy cream; then if tolerated try hard cheese such as Cheddar and Gouda. I find no one really tolerates soft dairy such as milk, yogurt, Feta, Mozzarella or cottage cheese.
So where do we get calcium on a Paleo Diet?
Leafy greens and canned fish with bones provide much of what we need. Especially collards.
But do we really get enough of these every day?
Many who proclaim they eat Paleo are still heavily into meat, salads and tubers, and don't get enough green vegetables. Since we're cautioned about eating nuts and seeds, we may not be getting their calcium either.
One big thing in our favor though! Grains and legumes contain phytic acid which binds up and excretes minerals. Paleo eliminates grains and legumes so we're ahead just by not excreting as much of the calcium and other minerals we do get.
Here's some Calcium sources on Paleo. What's your daily total?
I've summarized this list from a handful of sources. References differ widely but here's my best shot at it! Note that leafy greens cook down in volume, so 3 cups cooked may be much different than 3 cups raw. A spinach salad will yield almost no calcium, for example.
So, you're fine if you actually eat 3 cups of cooked collards or 4 cups of other cooked greens a day. But if not, you want to add other items from the list or a supplement (see below). I get loose stool from more than 1 or 2 cups of collards a day. I can handle cooked spinach much better but have to eat more of it to get the same calcium as collards.
And I can only eat so much canned salmon and sardines!
Don't Tahini and almonds have phytic acid and Omega 6's?
Yes, they do. But if your overall diet is clean Paleo, you can tolerate a little of these. I'm loving Tahini right now. It's delicious just poured on vegetables! (This one is organic and in a glass jar). I don't eat any other nuts or seeds, and I do take a Lysine capsule to avoid flaring up Shingles or Herpes when I eat Tahini.
If your daily food sources fall short of 800 – 1100, why not take ONE calcium pill a day (or even 4 per week)? The type I prefer, especially for bone health, is MCHA Calcium. Here's the high quality one I sell in my online store. (Quality matters in supplements. Don't buy cheaper brands!).
Microcrystalline hydroxyapatite concentrate (MCHA) is a highly absorbable compound made from bones. It contains naturally occurring calcium, phosphorus, and trace amounts of other minerals, bone growth factors, collagen and other vital bone proteins.
Since most of us need a magnesium boost too, another option is this really well made multi from Pure Encapsulations. It has the 5MTHF form of Folate, and has no Stearates or fillers. They suggest 6 daily, but 2 daily is fine if you're eating well.
Don't forget Vitamins K2 and D3!
No matter how much calcium you get, if you don't have adequate K2 and D to transport and absorb it, you've wasted the calcium. Or worse, it deposits into your artery walls, your joints, or in your kidneys or gall bladder. Read up on Vitamin K2 in this article and in this one. I sell two great combo products with A, D and K2 in them together. You can get Vitamin D3 Complete and Systemic Formulas DV3 in my online store. I also have BioCeuticals MK-7 K2 available as well.


There is something about Valentine's that puts everyone in a mood of love and desire; even single people tend to find dates to do go and do something on this day – somehow being all alone this holiday is not an option. If you are looking to do something you love this Valentine's Day with the person you love, or even the person you have decided to take out that day here is something that would truly put you both in a mood of love and utmost desire for each other.
Valentine's Day is a day to forget all the troubles of the past and just enjoy the love – or in this case watch the show and let the vibe of it pass to you and your loved one in order to feel more love for each other. And since this is a day to celebrate a huge amount of love watching a show of Burlesque might be just what you need on this day. It is most definite that you need to plan for this kind of date a bit ahead of time since places to book at the last minute might be hard to find.
Head over there on this day and enjoy the show with your loved one – let the music and dancing dwell in your veins and have your senses heightened. After the show is done, head on with your loved one to a romantic spot or place you both love and let go of all this love and lust that you have gathered while watching the show.
Show and give your person all the love you can on this night!


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We are the fast-growing Ayurvedic pharmaceutical company engaged in developing, manufacturing and marketing a broad range of pharmaceutical products across India. Our core strength is developing and manufacturing differentiated pharmaceutical products.
AyurvedaOne's vision to manufacture innovative, quality products, which will satisfy the needs of the customers. To this we are firmly committed. Technology and R&D will play a pivotal role in all our endeavors. All our policies are market driven with the customer being the focal point. AyurvedaOne committed to creates brand equity by promoting top class products in the field of Ayurveda.


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Q: C++ non intrusive boost serialization of a boost::smart_ptr I'm trying to serialize a custom class that I cannot modify using boost::serialization, and I need to keep the logic/computational code apart from the serialization part.
It has some protected and private fields I've to serialize, and some of them are boost::shared_ptr of other classes.
Something like:
// computational classes
class A
{
public:
   A(int a) : m_val(a) {}
private:
   int m_val
};

class B
{
public:
   B(a) : m_ptr(new A(a)) {}
private:
   boost::shared_ptr< A > m_ptr;
};

A simple workaround I've found to serialize class A, only adding a "friend class" in its definition:
class A_ser;
class A
{
   friend class A_ser;
   //...
};

and adding a proxy class to serialize it, which has the reference to class A's fields:
class A_ser
{
public:
   A_ser(A & a) : m_val(A.m_val) {}
   template< class Archive >
   void serialize(Archive & ar, const unsigned int version)
   {
      ar & m_val;
   }
private:
   int & m_val;
};

namespace boost {
namespace serialization {
template< class Archive >
void serialize(Archive & ar, A & a, const unsigned int version)
{
   A_ser sa(a);
   ar & sa;
}
} // namespace serialization
} // namespace boost

so, when the serialization method is called on A, A_ser's one is used instead.
Problems are occurring when I try to do the same with class B, since in its deserialization it tries to call the constructor A() wich is not defined:

boost/serialization/access.hpp:132: error: no matching function for call to 'A::A()'

and if I try putting a default argument to A's constructor, it just initialises a brand new, empty, class.
Oh, I'm using boost 1.53.0.
Many thanks in advance.
EDIT: solution (it was so simple..)
Just by modifying the *_ser references
class A_ser
{
public:
   A_ser(A & a) : m_a(A) {}
   template< class Archive >
   void serialize(Archive & ar, const unsigned int version)
   {
      ar & m_a.m_val;
   }
private:
   A & m_a;
};

and adding
template< class Archive >
void load_construct_data(Archive & /*ar*/, A * t, unsigned /*v*/)
{
   ::new(t) A(0);
}

the problem was solved (thanks to Arun)!!

A: you can solve the problem using serialize non-default-constructible objects with boost approach.
Google out for save_construct_data and load_construct_data usage examples.
Also have a look at Splitting serialize into Save/Load.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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One way train ticket to court
An Indian man has won 22-year court battle for an overpriced train ticket
The Indian man was charged 20 Rupees extra for two tickets he bought way back in 1999.
A consumer court asked the railway company to refund the amount with interest.
The 66-year-old man says he's been to more than 100 hearings in relation to the case.
At the time, he told the customer service person he had been overcharged but didn't get any refund at the time.
Related Topics:courtindiaIndiantraintravelworld
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Costa is a news producer at ticker NEWS. He has previously worked as a regional journalist at the Southern Highlands Express newspaper. He also has several years' experience in the fire and emergency services sector, where he has worked with researchers, policymakers and local communities. He has also worked at the Seven Network during their Olympic Games coverage and in the ABC Melbourne newsroom. He also holds a Bachelor of Arts (Professional), with expertise in journalism, politics and international relations. His other interests include colonial legacies in the Pacific, counter-terrorism, aviation and travel.