ABCS bitcoin everything Forks: The ABC'S of bitcoin and everything you need to know about "Forks". 99% of Crypto currencies are add up to tricks. Also, indeed, Crypto currencies are in an air pocket.
Be that as it may, the open door is NEVER leaving and generational riches will be made. So you need to know the nuts and bolts, why this open door even exists and what to keep an eye out for.
Here's the issue. There's around 900 distinctive digital forms of money that exist, with new ones being made each week.
I can let you know without a doubt: 95% of the digital forms of money are tricks or Ponzi plans. What's more, I get questions each day: "Is XYZ cash a trick?" And no one tunes in to the appropriate response.
Everybody is persuaded they are correct. That is an awful sign. I generally reveal to myself I'm the most moronic individual in the room. At that point I call the more brilliant individuals and solicit them parts from inquiries. And after that I read all that I can. What's more, for this situation, I read the code.
In any case, the open door is tremendous. Think, "Web 1994". Just before the "right previously".
BC will remain for "Before Crypto" and AC will remain for "After Crypto". We are in AC at the present time and the world is going to change.
I've never expounded on Bitcoin and cryptographic forms of money. In any case, there's a reason I need to begin now.
We're in a publicity bubble.
It doesn't mean cryptos or terrible. It doesn't mean you shouldn't purchase. It just means… .there's a great deal of promotion and tricksters out there. We've seen this story something like twice before in recent years and numerous individuals have gotten injured.
I've been effectively associated with putting resources into Crypto currencies since 2013 (I sold my book, "Pick Yourself" in a Bitcoin-just store I made multi month before I discharged it on Amazon). What's more, for as long as year and a half I've taken part in different ICOs (Internet Coin Offerings) that are generally doing great.
I say this equitable to set up a few qualifications. I will compose all the more much of the time about cryptographic forms of money basically in light of the fact that I see such a significant number of individuals I realize that starting generally will be harmed when, truth be told, there's chances to profit in the space.
A) James needs to send Joe 10 bitcoin.
B) James has 100 bitcoins that he has gotten from 500 individuals who, thus, got from 10,000 individuals, without any end in sight back to the simple first bitcoin exchange.
C) James assembles an "exchange" (actually convoluted yet essentially portrayed as an "exchange") and sends it out onto the square chain.
D) A "square" is a rundown of exchanges.
E) enough "excavators" affirm that the exchanges in a square are genuine (the majority of the sources of info are genuine and the majority of the yields are genuine. The shipper (for this situation, "Joe" ) can choose how much approval he needs.
Each progression above is considerably more convoluted, however which is as it should be.
An) an institutionalized and nonpartisan affirmation arrangement supported by programming that has no human motivation.
Envision I need to send Joe dollars to purchase his home. I have to confide in the majority of the mediators among Joe and me: nearby bank, national bank, legal counselors, governments, Joe's bank, and so forth to support of this exchange in the event that I do it in dollars.
This is alright however at each progression somebody can be deceitful. They are largely people, even the administration (people quietly impact the cost of the dollar and furthermore share points of interest of the exchange with antagonistic gatherings (the IRS)).
Likewise, each progression in the above has an exchange cost. So swelling is incorporated with the framework.
On the off chance that this were a bitcoin exchange, enough diggers need to favor that this exchange is substantial. So regardless of whether a couple of excavators are not dependable, the main part of them will be and we can believe that the exchange among me and Joe is genuine.
This is the ENTIRE explanation behind digital money: maintain a strategic distance from governments, fringes, go betweens, additional exchange costs. And in addition have high security and keep away from falsification.
(there is another purpose behind digital money, which is to accomplish more confounded exchanges that we can call "contracts" without legal counselors, and so on. This reason is some of the time the reason for genuine ICOs).
Envision the historical backdrop of cash. Cash is utilized as a store of significant worth OR as an approach to execute without utilizing a bargain framework.
First it was the land you claimed and the assets you created on that arrive (wheat, grains, and so on).
At that point it was metals. Gold, silver, and so on. You went with it by molding it into gems. An excessive amount of gold = harder to travel.
Electronic money. Effectively transportable. Be that as it may, exchange charges everywhere throughout the framework. Zero security.
What's more, the cutting edge is Crypto currency. Effectively transportable, little to zero exchange charges, no human intercession among payer and payee, high secrecy, and even usefulness.
Cash advances, such as whatever else, and the regular development of cash is dependably as a store of significant worth that is less demanding to move, more secure, and more private.
Exchanges have a similar history. Furthermore, similar issues. How might you execute over a far geographic zone with less expenses, less costs, less possibility for human blunder, higher security and protection.
A characteristic development leads go digital currency.
Belief in a higher power: A nation anticipating doing battle would make penances to their divine beings. Would supplicate. Furthermore, would surrender to the way that whosoever god was more grounded would win.
Humanism: More individuals, more slugs, more human knowledge, approaches the victor in a war.
Information ism: This is the war being battled each day at the present time. We saw little depiction of it with the decision yet it's solitary a preview in a multi year long motion picture.
The war is on each and every day. It's battled in each nation. It's battled with information and hacking and robbery.
Belief in higher powers: Shamans and clerics would petition God for well being or do ceremonies to improve well being.
Information ism: Blood work, DNA work, mechanical medical procedures, fMRIs, Catscans. Factual coordinating with monstrous database of comparable outputs to do conclusion. All medication is beginning to be redistributed to information.
Humanism: Let's toss a President on there. We should get the mark of the Secretary of Treasury up there. "Try not to stress, we're beneficial for it." While we print a couple of trillion without telling anybody.
Information ism: The common development: Crypto currency.
Does this mean Bitcoin is "The champ". Purchase bitcoin?
No. It just means the common development of cash is arriving and nothing will stop it.
– Decentralized. So nobody government substance can unobtrusively mint cash for their own motivations and approach your exchanges, accounts, and so on.
– Security. So no one can produce or take your cash.
– Privacy. Your exchanges can't be seen and answered to different entitles.
– Functionality. This is the more specialized parts of the block chain in Crypto currencies however get the job done to state a portion of the "characteristic esteem" of a coin is the usefulness and computational power used to "mine" that usefulness.
There won't be ONE victor.
Much the same as there isn't one paper money (or metal cash). There's dollars, Euros, pesos.
The thing that matters is: those monetary standards have geographic outskirts.
Digital currencies have "utilize" outskirts. ZCash may be utilized by individuals requiring higher secrecy. Filecoin may be utilized by individuals requiring decentralized capacity. Dash may be utilized be individuals requiring quicker exchanges.
The fringes are made when more issues are explained. Which is a genuine advancement for cash.
Rather than outskirts (and supply) being made by geographic limits, national manages an account with mystery control, or a gold mine down the square.
With Bitcoin, a rundown of exchanges is conveyed to the system as a "square". Diggers, who are gradually paid in more bitcoin up to a greatest of 21,000,000 approve an exchange.
On the off chance that an exchange doesn't make it into a square (on Bitcoin) it holds up a specific timeframe to get into the following square.
This implies it may require greater investment (an issue).
Another issue is that everybody can "see" the exchange on what is known as the blockchain. They can't see it's identity however they can see the size and different points of interest. (an issue).
Now and again programming can give an answer (a coffeehouse can state, I'll confirm the exchange at any rate and trust that in ten minutes I'll know without a doubt and there's not a considerable measure of hazard in this).
Be that as it may, a product layer includes people and human blunder and human "detestable". Thus there are con artists and Ponzi plan and robbery (simply like with paper monetary standards).
The uplifting news is these are issues that can be wiped out.
Much the same as Internet programming since 1991 fathomed (albeit continually enhancing) the issues of speed, security, exchanges, protection, greater usefulness, and so forth consider cryptographic forms of money the "Web of Money".
These issues are being fathomed.
Either with new monetary forms (models: Ether, Dash, filecoin, and so forth) some of which might be trick monetary standards, others might be genuine. Time and research will tell (simply like with the Internet in 1995)… OR with "forks" in monetary standards, similar to what is going on today with Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash.
So what is Bitcoin money and what would it be advisable for me to do?
Bitcoin Cash endeavors to tackle the issue of how might I purchase some espresso with bitcoin without utilizing the product layer of Bitcoin.
Keep in mind, on the off chance that an exchange doesn't make it onto a square that is, conveyed into the system to be approved, it needs to pause.
Bitcoin Cash is just the equivalent as Bitcoin, with the exception of it builds the measure of a square from 1MB to 8MB. Thus, quicker exchanges.
An) it's never occurred. So there could be the likelihood that brilliant engineers can discover a defect simultaneously and take cash.
B) A "fork" is like a human decision. We had a decision among Clinton and Trump and forked to Trump (not a correct similarity but rather unpleasant).
Bitcoin is intended to restrict human association however much as could reasonably be expected in light of the fact that all people have distinctive motivation.
For example, maybe China is incredibly for Bitcoin Cash since they right now have an immense edge on mining and they will have the capacity to gather a lot of Bitcoin Cash before others can.
So the aftermath of Bitcoin Cash, while most likely right thoughtfully and from a product perspective, is as yet hazy from a human perspective.
Same for the advancement of any new digital money (albeit every new cash require examination on the product side also). However, this fork is more exceptional in light of the fact that Bitcoin is so huge and it's the first run through this has occurred.
An) expel your bitcoin wallet from trades and store it in cool stockpiling. On the off chance that you google "chilly stockpiling" you can see well ordered how to do that.
B) If Bitcoin crashes 20% throughout the following couple of days due to this fork, I'd be a purchaser. The rationality of Bitcoin continues as before, it's as yet the greatest, and instability just makes opportunity.
C) If Bitcoin Cash goes up excessively, I'd undercut or offer, simply because we don't generally realize how individuals should esteem it.
Cryptographic forms of money will be unpredictable for a little while. So notwithstanding the fundamental chance (Crypto currencies assuming control over all monetary forms) there is numerous extra exchanging open doors because of the unpredictability.
For what reason does unpredictability make opportunity?
Since it's uncommon that inborn esteem changes rapidly from everyday.
Precedent: We know everything there is to think about McDonalds and 1000s of examiners look into the organization.
The natural estimation of McDonald's will more likely than not never go down 20% in multi day. In any case, if the stock went down 20% in multi day (precedent: a 9/11 occasion happens causing a mass dread selloff over all stocks), at that point MCD turns into an esteem purchase in light of the fact that the unpredictability surpassed the typical change in esteem.
On the off chance that you can recognize the Crypto currencies that are genuine and not tricks, you can make a ton of cash playing in unstable circumstances in Crypto currencies.
C) the historical backdrop of each industry from belief in a higher power to humanism to information ism.
D) Volatility is enormous as individuals figure out what coins are genuine and what aren't.
These are the nuts and bolts.
I composed these nuts and bolts around the conditions of the occasion happening today: The bitcoin fork.
In any case, I additionally need to start helping the numerous individuals who are being misled by a wide range of plans and layers of plans that are attempting to hoodwink individuals into purchasing or exchanging digital forms of money that can be conceivably more regrettable than goliath Madoff plans.
The advancement of cash, and the development of each industry, unequivocally suggest that Crypto currencies, presumably in numerous structures, will be in our future. Also, will rule the cash supply sooner or later.
Also, how we get from "here" to "there" will be cleared with numerous rewarding chances.
In any case, I was singed bounty this sort of chance during the 90s and during the 00s and I don't anticipate doing as such once more. The arrangement is explore, enhancement, assembling a system of insight individuals who see all the important issues, and after that creation brilliant distribution choices.
On the off chance that you like this article and might want more on Crypto currencies you can tell me in the remarks.
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Dhinchak Pooja: What happened to India YouTube "star" recordings?


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AM News Brief: Holiday Testing Drop, International Tourism Hit & U's Star Running Back Dies At 19
Brian Albers
KUER
University of Utah officials announced that star freshman running back Ty Jordan died over the weekend.
Monday morning, December 28, 2020
Holiday Testing Drop
Over the three-day weekend, Utah reported nearly 4,300 new cases of COVID-19. That number reflects less than 1,000 cases reported on both Saturday and Sunday. Utah hasn't had a daily case number that low since mid-October, but many testing locations were closed on Christmas Day. There was a more-than 70% drop in the number of tests from Thursday to Saturday, which helps explain the decline in cases. The State Department of Health said it may take seven to 10 days to get a clear sense of the numbers following the holiday. The percent of positive tests though has been around 24% for the past week. The state also reported 10 more deaths, including three people between the ages of 45 and 64. — Elaine Clark
Follow KUER's coverage of the coronavirus in Utah.
Police Reform In Utah's Legislative Session
This summer's movement against police brutality and racial injustice has spurred some Utah lawmakers to action. Rep. Angela Romero, D-Salt Lake City, plans to propose two bills that deal with police reform. She said officers are already required to do 40 hours of training a year, so one of her bills would require 16 of those be focused on crisis intervention and de-escalation. The other bill would mandate law enforcement agencies keep track of their use of force through a federal database. Read the full story. — Emily Means
International Tourism Hit
There's been a decline in out-of-country visitors this year, and it's negatively affected Utah's tourism industry. The St. George Spectrum reported international tourism to the Salt Lake City Airport is down by 86% from spring to fall. According to a tourism analyst from the University of Utah, international travelers make up about a quarter of all visitors to national parks. They also tend to stay longer and spend more money compared to other visitors. For example, Ruby's Inn is a hotel next to Bryce Canyon National Park. The pandemic has translated to a 46% loss in revenue for that business. — St. George Spectrum via Associated Press
U's Star Running Back Dies At 19
University of Utah officials announced that star freshman running back Ty Jordan died over the weekend. He was 19 years old. Medical records show that Jordan died on Christmas night after accidentally shooting himself while home in Texas. The news of his death came just one day after he was named Pac-12's newcomer of the year. In a statement, Utah Football Coach Kyle Whittingham said Jordan made a "huge impact" on the football program and that the team was devastated by their loss. — Emily Means / Associated Press
Some favorite moments and memories of Ty. Our hearts are broken, and he will be missed by all. pic.twitter.com/Fki5bgfRmT
— Kyle Whittingham (@UtahCoachWhitt) December 26, 2020
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Bracing For Dry 2021
Dry conditions continue to plague the Colorado River basin, which provides water to about 40 million people in the Western U.S. A lack of precipitation from April to October made it one of the region's driest six-month periods on record. Hydrologist Cody Moser with the Colorado Basin River Forecast Center says an average amount of snow this winter won't be enough to provide significant drought relief. Sixty-five percent of the watershed is in exceptional drought. Most major rivers in the basin are projected to flow well below normal levels next year due to extremely low soil moisture. Read the full story. — Luke Runyon, KUNC
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Description Years ago when the pharaohs still ruled Egypt and God's call was clear, there arose a great ruler. Not just any ruler, but one whose story has been passed down through history and whose name has been heard by almost all. His name was Ramses II, the son of Seti I and Queen Tuya, third king of the 19th Dynasty. One day to become known to all as Ramses the Great.


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Via Panama The quickest option but travellers risked malaria and cholera. Overland – The California Trail
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California – Gold Fever
In the early 1840s, California was a distant outpost that few Americans had seen. John Sutter was a Swiss emigrant who had come to California in 1839 with the idea of building a vast empire. At the end of 1847, Sutter sent a group of men, including James Marshall, to build a new sawmill near the river. The sawmill was nearly complete when, on January 24th 1848, Marshall spotted something shining in the river.
The metal was tested and confirmed as gold. However, Sutter wanted the area to be his empire and did not want to attract others to the area so it was decided to keep the discovery secret. But it was not long before news of the discovery leaked out. The gold rush that followed was to make California the richest state.
Travelling to California
Via South America
Six months of seasickness, rotten food, rancid water and boredom.
V ia Panama
The quickest option but travellers risked malaria and cholera.
Overland – The California Trail. A 2000 mile walk in sweltering heat with little food or water.
Get rich quick
The road to poverty
Road to sickness
Sam Brannan was a San Francisco merchant who spread news of the discovery throughout San Francisco. He also bought every pickaxe, shovel and pan in the region. A metal pan that had cost 20 cents was sold for 15 dollars. In nine weeks Brannan made 36,000 dollars.
Many overland travellers were not prepared for the harshness of the journey. Supplies ran out very quickly and replacements were expensive. Sugar rose to $1.50 per pint, coffee $1.00 per pint, alcohol $4.00. Many were forced to pay $1, $5 or even $100 for a glass of water. Those without money died.
The routes west became crowded with wagons. Dust was kicked up by those in front, making it difficult to see and breathe. Wagons camped together overnight and dug toilet pits, often close to rivers resulting in polluted water supplies, diarrhoea, illness and death.
Dreams turn to despair
By the middle of 1849 the easy gold was gone. Yet, the 49ers with dreams of riches kept coming. A typical miner spent 10 hours a day in freezing water sifting through the mud with no end result but frustration and depression. Men drowned their sorrows in the saloons and bars. Crime was on the increase and the jails were overcrowded. Some gave up and went back to the east. Others stayed on hoping that tomorrow would be the day. For most of them tomorrow never came…
1. a. Why did John Sutter want to keep the discovery of gold a secret?
b. How do you think he felt when the news leaked out?
c. What effect would it have had on California if the news had remained a secret?
2. Why did the California gold rush cause the crime rate to rise so high?
3. Write a paragraph saying which route you would choose. Include the advantages and disadvantages of all the different routes to California.
4. Some people made a fortune out of the gold rush. Write a paragraph explaining the best ways to make money.
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best ways
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Home Action Firepower (1993)
Previous Video Long Days of Vengeance (1967)
Next Video P.J. (1968)
Firepower (1993)
P.J. (1968)
The First Great Train Robbery (1978)
Woman Obsessed (1959)
High Crime (1973)
Sidewinder 1 (1977)
Starflight: The Plane That Couldn't Land (1983)
Fighter Squadron (1948)
The Challenge (1960)
Penitentiary II (1982)
Richard Pepin
Chad McQueen
Jim Hellwig
George Murdock
Joseph Ruskin
Art Camacho
Nils Allen Stewart
Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs
Dennis Keiffer
Gerald Okamura
In the year 2007, crime has risen at an exponential rate. Once highly populated metropolises such as Los Angeles are no longer inhabitable. These cities have transformed into "Hell Zones," ruled by violent street gangs. The Hell Zone, formerly called the "Zone of Personal Freedom," is a safe-haven for criminal warpaths everywhere. This Hell Zone in LA is controlled by a criminal mastermind named Drexal (Joseph Ruskin). For the sake of entertaining his crowds of decadent losers and underlings, Drexal has staged a series of lethal, no-holds-barred matches in the "Death Ring," where the winner takes all of the glory...while the defeated one shall lose his self-respect (or maybe just his head). Meanwhile, two brave cops, Braniff (Chad McQueen), and Sledge (Gary Daniels) must risk their badges...and their lives when they enter Los Angeles's "Hell Zone." They must fight for their lives in order to expose an alleged "black market" involving the sale of counterfeit AIDS vaccines. Will these two men triumph against all odds in the Hell Zone alive or will they pay with their lives?
Firepower Film Details
Overview: In the near future, street gangs have their own city zones where cops can't go. Two tough cops are sent undercover in one of them to investigate an illegal cure for AIDS. But they must first fight in a deathmatch, and the match is fi
Tagline: A Mind-Blowing Trip To Hell!
Review: `Yeah, well keep your 'stick' in the ring. Don't practice on my girls. I need them to concentrate on their jobs, so my business doesn't suffer…' In the year 2007, crime has risen at an exponential rate. Once highly populated metropolises such as Los Angeles are no longer inhabitable. These cities have transformed into `Hell Zones,' ruled by violent street gangs. Talk about Y2K! Two brave cops, Braniff (Chad McQueen), and Sledge (Gary Daniels) must risk their badges…and their lives when they enter Los Angeles's `Hell Zone.' Entering the Hell Zone is insanity…escaping from it is impossible. The Hell Zone, formerly called the `Zone of Personal Freedom,' is a safe-haven for criminal warpaths everywhere. This Hell Zone in LA is controlled by a criminal mastermind named Drexal (Joseph Ruskin). For the sake of entertaining his crowds of decadent losers and underlings, Drexal has staged a series of lethal, no-holds-barred matches in the `Death Ring,' where the winner takes all of the glory…while the defeated one shall lose his self-respect (or maybe just his head). Meanwhile, Braniff and Sledge are obliged to go undercover in a clandestine mission as Death Ring fighters themselves. Sledge is actually having fun roughing up his Death Ring rivals while Braniff finds his martial vows in jeopardy as he himself becomes attracted to a beautiful woman named Lisa (Alisha Das). However, this married cop must remember his priority. Braniff, along with his robust and agile partner, Sledge, must fight for their lives in order to expose an alleged `black market' involving the sale of counterfeit AIDS vaccines. Will these two men triumph against all odds in the Hell Zone alive or will they pay with their very lives? FIREPOWER is probably one of the most ridiculously contrived thrillers ever. This film is completely inept, with terrible acting and an incoherent plot. The script, full of pathetic one-liners and inane drivel, is also embarrassing enough. Incidentally, to make everything worse than it already is, this film is not quite as exciting as the title promises. For instance, the action scenes lack that poetic style. Sure, we have the heroes and the villains shooting at each other and trying to beat one another, but all of these action scenes lack that flair. There is no sense of excitement involved when viewing these action sequences. Also, the fight scenes lack the brutal realism; instead, they just seem like child's play. The fighters constantly beat, maul, maim, and mutilate each other, yet not a single fighter (save for the ones who are murdered in the Death Ring) seems to be displaying any severe injuries. The one-on-one death matches as well get repetitive. Listless action scenes are just part of this movie's innumerable problems. The dearth of both an intense musical score and smooth camerawork only injures this movie even more substantially… Although FIREPOWER is an appalling movie, I found one factor which almost redeems this whole unpleasantness: The fact that this movie is amusing, whether it wants to admit it or not. The acting especially is funny. The main adversaries, Drexal and Mendez (Pablo Marz) are more asinine than frightening. You would expect Drexal to be insidious and sinister, but he appears to be more of an ersatz Vincent Price. Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs provides some amusing commentary as a ring announcer. Chad McQueen lacks the appeal and charisma of his father, the late (and terrific) Steve McQueen, but you will chuckle at how he tries to develop his relationship with Lisa. As for Gary Daniels, I must attest that he is one of the most impressive fighters ever. Granted, Daniels does have a thick accent, but after seeing this guy showcase his martial arts skills, you would not even want to comment on his accent! If you do, then prepare to defend yourself! (By the way, his accent does happen to distract from the impact of his one-liners.) The best acting though, is displayed by Jim Hellwig (known to professional wrestling fans everywhere as the `Ultimate Warrior') as the Swordsman, a barbaric character who yells as if he was raised in the jungles. The Swordsman himself, a formidable opponent, only understands the language of violence. Also, I must comment that a lot of these fighters featured in this movie DO NOT know how to fight! As for the action scenes, it is just awesome how the car crashes and explosions can be seen from different angles in this movie! It is just brilliant! The (mostly unintentional) humor keeps FIREPOWER from becoming too lackluster. It is a complete shame that FIREPOWER could not be a better movie. The special effects looked silly, but they worked, and the plot too held some potential. The sub-plot in particular, about a counterfeit AIDS vaccine seems very promising. It is quite sad that the filmmakers did not take advantage of that opportunity; it would have given the film more substance. Unfortunately, the anemic direction by Richard Pepin and the mediocre cinematography are unacceptable as well. Anyway, FIREPOWER is not worth the time if you happen to watch it by yourself. Instead, gather a group of friends, sit on a cozy couch, and prepare to have fun. Trust me, your colorful comments for this movie will be uninhibited! RATING: ** out of ****. (For a high amusement factor.)
Genre: Action, Crime, Sci-Fi
Also known as: Firepower – Inferno em Los Angeles,Fire Power,Fire Force,Firepower,Tulivoimaa,Paizontas me tin fotia,Ringul mortii,Огневая мощь
The Show-Off (1926)
Unspeakable Acts (1990)
Happiness Ahead (1934)
Innocent Bystanders (1972)
Me, Natalie (1969)
To Have and Have Not (1944)
Slightly Scarlet (1956)
Order of Death (1983)
Arrival II (1998)
The Crawlers (1993)
Bats: Human Harvest (2007)
Aswang (1994)
The Strange Affair (1968)
Furburgers (Home of the Box Lunch) (1987)
The Salamander (1981)
Syndicate Sadists (1975)
Three Way (2004)
Terminal Island (1973)
The Stranglers of Bombay (1959)
The Fly (1958)
My Dear Miss Aldrich (1937)
Let Me Explain, Dear (1932)
Don't Give Up the Ship (1959)
Island of Terror (1966)
A Thousand Oceans (2008)
Manila Calling (1942)
The Last Married Couple in America (1980)
Rock Baby – Rock It (1957)
Take It Out in Trade (1970)
Nighthawks (1981)
Stigma (1972)
Blackbeard's Ghost (1968)
Live Like a Cop, Die Like a Man (1976)
Trilogy of Terror (1975)
The Black Cobra 3 (1990)
Dungeon of Desire (1999)
Fatso (1980)
Cold Harvest (1999)
Every Mother's Worst Fear (1998)
Stiletto (1969)
My Sweet Charlie (1970)


Packing nutritious school lunches can be a real challenge for anyone. The kids get limited time to eat – generally in their classrooms with minimal supervision. It's noisy and rushed on the best of days, from what I gather. They want to eat and go for recess with their friends. But my kids know they're expected to eat their whole lunch before they eat all their snacks. If they eat a treat before they've finished their lunch, they won't get a treat the next day.
My son's a little rule follower so if he runs out of time to finish his lunch, he'll eat it during last snack. If he feels the lunch we've packed was too big, we hear about it after school – through tears. My daughter, on the other hand, has a good appetite so the challenge with her is packing enough calories for her to consume in the time allotted.
Generally, we pack leftovers from dinner – if we can. But we have a few tricks for those days when we can't pack leftovers or if the leftovers won't translate well into cold lunches (like soup).
Hummus and cucumber sandwiches are a good choice for my picky eater. I've mentioned frozen leftover pizza. Another easy lunch is peanut butter and jam, of course. But since the kids' school is nut-free, it's sunflower seed butter and jam.
Sunflower seed butter has more protein and fat than peanut butter so it's a good choice for energetic, growing kids. I know my kids get plenty of vitamins but the whole foods we eat are generally low in fat. Kids need plenty of healthy fats to energize their growth spurts. These sandwiches are topped with homemade pear jam for that touch of sweetness they crave.
Chia seed pudding is delicious and full of protein to power you through the morning.
For high energy snacks, I've mentioned chia seed pudding, which is one of my daughter's favourites. Overnight oats is preferred by my son. I always include chia seeds in his oatmeal for added protein. We also include snack mixes of dried fruit, seeds, whole grain cereals (like Shreddies), pretzels or a couple crackers. This week, I've added a couple heart-shaped candies to the mix as a special treat.
Other snacks include fruit, apple sauce, baked goods (like muffins or leftover pancakes) or sliced veggies (generally carrots and cucumbers).
Coming up with quick and easy lunches for the kids can be a real challenge, so I'd love to hear your ideas. What do you pack in your kids' lunches?


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To simplify shopping, American Beef offers free shipping on all orders. If you are shopping for a gift, you might consider a gift certificate as it gives your gift recipient greater control over their dinner.


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Forced resignation of Milligan University professor heightens calls for change, dialogue regarding LGBTQ community
by: Jeff Keeling
Posted: Oct 2, 2020 / 11:07 AM EDT / Updated: Oct 2, 2020 / 11:46 AM EDT
News Channel 11 was informed anonymously in late June that during its spring semester, Milligan University had forced a gay professor to resign or renounce their lifestyle. Since then, we have spoken to students, alumni, administrators, a pastor and a Constitutional scholar about the issue of homosexuality within the Christian faith, workplace rights and the Constitution, and the past, present and future of Milligan. Milligan President Bill Greer declined an interview request but provided a statement.
JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (WJHL) – When Milligan College freshman Molly Dycus learned last March that a gay professor had been forced to abandon their lifestyle or resign, she was embarrassed and disappointed.
"I was embarrassed to tell other people that didn't go to Milligan, didn't know about it … to have to be like, 'yeah, that's something my school, the university that I want to be proud of did," Dycus told News Channel 11.
"That was also just incredibly disappointing to hear about," Dycus, now a sophomore, added. "It still does seem very discriminatory even if legally it wasn't."
Much has changed since the incident first came to the wider Milligan community's attention. The faculty member has a new job at another college. Milligan is now a university and Dycus is a sophomore.
But Dycus and a group of students and alumni are hoping for a different kind of change at the Christian liberal arts school. They don't want LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) faculty, students, or anyone else associated with what Dycus describes as the Milligan "family" to be excluded or feel unsafe openly being "their whole selves."
Milligan University sophomore Molly Dycus
The requests are outlined in a form letter that a large number of students and alumni emailed to Milligan's administration last spring.
Email-to-Milligan-administrationDownload
While saying the administration wouldn't discuss specific personnel issues, Greer added: "We're aware that several months ago, some specific concerns were raised by some students and alumni."
The letter asks not for a reversal of the faculty decision, but says Milligan "has taken advantage of the fact that they are a private, religious institution." It professes "immense love" for Milligan and holds up the frequent use of the word love in the Bible.
"You did not show love to our professor, but instead turned them away and rejected them for who they are," the letter says. "As a Christian educational institution, Milligan is supposed to be teaching their students to love others as Jesus instructed them to, but this decision exemplified the opposite."
More specifically it asks if the administration will "promise the Milligan community:
that you will not make any further administrative decisions that discriminate against a person based on their sexual orientation?
that you will require diversity training for Milligan's administration?
that you will make Milligan's anti-discrimination policy inclusive of LGBTQ+ individuals?
that you will protect your LGBTQ+ students, faculty and staff and treat them equally to their counterparts?
Dycus and a recent alumnus met with Greer about the issue once this summer — a follow up meeting was discussed but hadn't occurred when Dycus spoke with News Channel 11 earlier this month.
'If you love something you're going to be willing to ask the hard questions of it and then work on it.'
mikaela way, milligan university alumnus
Dycus said she and her partner in the effort presented "different ways inclusion could look like on Milligan's campus.
"We had a couple ideas going in, some of which they were receptive to and some that they maybe felt like would be too much right now, which I do understand it needing to be smaller steps," Dycus said.
Greer's statement included this: "(I)n recent months, we have approved the establishment of a student led campus support group, modified several student handbook policies to, among other things, assure LGBTQ students that they are safe from harassment and bullying, and are considering modifications to other policies that will reinforce Milligan's desire to be a welcoming community for everyone."
Bill-Greer-statement-to-WJHLDownload
Dycus said Greer seemed receptive to another meeting and more discussion, "which we definitely really appreciated and were grateful for."
By and large, though, Dycus said the administration's response has aligned with what she believes is a traditional approach of silence about the issue of sexual orientation at the 154-year-old school.
"It was like, 'we're not gonna deal with that, we're gonna do this and then we're going to pretend like it didn't happen and we're going to try and keep it kind of hush," she said.
Alumnus describes Milligan experience as member of LGBTQ community
2019 graduate Mikaela Way also spoke to News Channel 11. She said a movement within Milligan to enact change — or at the very least, dialogue about change — existed before the resignation incident.
Way said she came out during her time at Milligan and that the school's standards embodied in Milligan's statement on human sexuality left her leery about being too open.
Milligan graduate Mikaela Way
"There was no way for me to know if my rights were protected or not, and so that was something that I was always very hesitant to tell anyone about," Way said.
She said she was unsurprised at the forced resignation, but added that conversations had begun around the issue when she was a student. She described the period (2014-2019) as a "learning phase" for her alma mater.
"There was less growth and change," Way said. "It was more creating a willingness to listen to students, especially students, who do identify as LGBTQ-plus and gathering information.
"While I was there, there was a lot of different things that were student-led that ended up leading to some practical changes after I'd left. But while I was there there was no actual tangible change in how they regulate or how they approach this issue."
That left LGBTQ students living under a cloud of fear, Way said. In her opinion, so did what she called a vague approach to policy that she said leaders proclaimed allowed the extension of grace "when grace is needed — which is great except when you don't extend grace."
"Milligan does have a very, very vibrant queer community already living and thriving on campus," Way said.
"I'd say a huge percentage of that community is closeted and doesn't feel like they can be their true and honest selves with the people who are supposed to love them and know them best of all — their Christian community."
After Way graduated and before the forced resignation, those changes included the December 2019 approval of Sanctuary, a campus group aiming to bring more awareness and acceptance of LGBTQ people, including those at Milligan.
The university's website describes the group as being "established to provide, in Christian context, support for students who identify with or wish to minister to members of the LGBTQ community."
Greer's statement said in addition to approving Sanctuary's establishment, school leaders in recent months "modified several student handbook policies to, among other things, assure LGBTQ students that they are safe from harassment and bullying, and are considering modifications to other policies that will reinforce Milligan's desire to be a welcoming community for everyone."
But Way said the forced resignation just a few months after Sanctuary's establishment seemed to run counter to creation of a welcoming environment.
"A lot of people were like, 'wow, that's really good progress, that's amazing,'" she said. "Then when all of this happened students are kind of nervous of, 'ok, we're backtracking here, what happened?'"
'While UT or ETSU couldn't fire a faculty member for being gay, a college like Milligan, a private religious institution, can.'
stewart harris, constitutional scholar
Where the First Amendment meets the Civil Rights Act
News Channel 11 first learned of the forced resignation a day before the Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act protected LGBTQ employees from being fired on the basis of sexual orientation.
But the short answer to whether Milligan can fire a faculty member or dismiss a student for being gay is yes. Stewart Harris teaches Constitutional law at Lincoln Memorial University and is the host of "Your Weekly Constitutional," a podcast exploring Constitutional issues.
"While (the University of Tennessee) or (East Tennessee State University) couldn't fire a faculty member for being gay, a college like Milligan, a private religious institution, can," Harris said.
It all comes down to current Supreme Court interpretation of the First Amendment's religion clauses, which Harris said allows "private religious institutions much greater leeway when it comes to their employment practices."
Harris said a doctrine known as the "ministerial exception" comes into play.
"If a religious institution can characterize one of its employees as carrying out ministerial functions, that is, teaching about the church doctrine or setting an example, then that institution, that church or that church school can hire and fire according to its own religious dictates and without being restricted by things like the 1964 Civil Rights Act."
Milligan's faculty handbook cites "immoral behavior" as one reason the university can terminate even a tenured faculty member. Several areas are mentioned including "immoral sexual conduct" described as "any sexual contact outside of a marriage relationship of a man and a woman."
Harris said the ministerial exception has broadened in recent years at the same time the Supreme Court has expanded protections for LGBTQ people in a trend dating to 1996. That's when now-retired conservative justice Anthony Kennedy sided with four liberal justices in a gay rights case.
"He just decided at one point that he was very, very offended by the attempt in that case by the state of Colorado to stamp out the gay rights movement," Harris said. "He was so offended by this that he rose up as a champion of gay rights."
Harris doesn't necessarily foresee any serious challenges to the ministerial exception any time soon, but a June 17, 2020 "Inside Higher Ed" article made it clear some institutions are concerned.
The article cited a part of Justice Neil Gorsuch's majority opinion in which he wrote, "how these doctrines protecting religious liberty interact with Title VII are questions for future cases too."
The Inside Higher Ed article quotes Catholic University of America President John Garvey, who participated in a friend of the court brief in the case with some other religious colleges and universities:
"It's a matter of bringing up young men and women to live their lives in a certain way, and we don't like to be hypocritical in doing that. So we take seriously the fact that marriage is a sacrament that we administer for men and women and not others, and we take seriously the idea that God created men and women and separate sexes and that's part of the natural order of things."
Greer, Milligan's president, expressed something similar in the statement he provided News Channel 11. Greer referenced Milligan's "Statement Concerning Human Sexuality" that was approved by Milligan's board of trustees in 2015 and is published in the student handbook.
Milligan Statement on Human SexualityDownload
"It states clearly that we endorse the position that "The Christian scriptures portray human sexuality as a gift from God intended to be expressed within the context of chastity in singleness or covenant marriage," Greer said in the statement to News Channel 11. "Further, we believe that "Biblical marriage is heterosexual."
"While Milligan's position may run counter to trends in popular culture and society, we remain committed to our interpretation of scripture and the protection of religious freedom that is provided by the First Amendment of the Constitution," Greer said. "Likewise, we remain committed to providing a safe, welcoming educational environment for everyone."
News Channel 11 spoke to several additional students. They expressed a range of opinions on Milligan's policy, including at least a couple who acknowledged that their views align with the policy.
None of the students were willing to speak on the record.
About that interpretation: Pastor says sexual orientation not a settled issue in the church
While Milligan's leadership may see its interpretation of scripture as the correct one — and clearly one that would inform its approach to the Sanctuary club — the question of sexual orientation is far from settled in the church.
Ben Lee is a Milligan alumnus and pastor of Hopwood Christian Church, whose property is contiguous with Milligan's. Lee said while sexuality was a settled issue for centuries — "you're just going to find sort of an absence of this discussion" — that's changed tremendously in the last quarter century.
The trend has been a bit slower in Southern Appalachia, but Lee said it's been catching up here.
Hopwood Christian Church pastor Ben Lee said conversations surrounding sexual orientation have grown more commonplace within the church.
"It wasn't really on the radar," Lee said. "I would have friends or people that I knew who were gay and Christian and struggling to know 'how do I live my life with regards to my own sexual orientation,' but it was very secretive.
"It was not something that was talked about on a congregational level because of how much within our tradition, it was just assumed there's no question. You can't pursue that lifestyle. And so that's where it was for probably the majority of my time here."
He likened the change to other movements within Christendom, such as the evolution of women's role in the church, the authority of the church hierarchy that led to the Protestant reformation and the church's position on slavery as an institution.
And he placed the church into four basic camps on the issue at the present time. One group continues to maintain "this is really just an issue of 'are you going to obey scripture and scripture's clear that all same-sex relationships are bad, and really you have to be able to give that up."
At the opposite pole is the so-called "affirming" wing of the church, Lee said. "They would say actually it's clear that this is something that can be beautiful for the church and the Christian community and same-sex relationships actually fit within scripture," he said.
Lee characterized a third group as people who really want to avoid controversy and who often have Christian friends on both sides of the issue. "They just don't want to talk about it in order to maintain unity," Lee said.
But that unity's already been fractured, Lee said. And a fourth group that includes some conservative scholars realizes that and is trying to forge a different approach, one that accepts what he called a "dynamic tension that this is not a settled issue."
He mentioned N.T. Wright and Richard Hayes as two more conservative-leaning scholars who at least acknowledge "this is tension and we have to be able to have a conversation about this."
"And I think you'll also find people who are open to the reality that God might be doing something here that contradicts what we would assume is right…
"They acknowledge that this has been a consensus and they acknowledge that scripture doesn't seem to have condoned this but on the other hand they acknowledge that sometimes God moves in ways that surprise us and might seem contradictory.
"I think there's a growing community of scholars and church communities that also see this as a conversation of this has to be resolved and there has to be a little bit of tension and we can't be afraid of tension and dialogue because of the fact that we know that God sometimes surprises us and God moves in ways that are counterintuitive.
"If that is true, then we need to navigate this issue delicately."
'How do we uphold the truth that we find in scripture, but do so in a way that is productive and winsome, frankly, to those that perhaps don't share that belief.'
craig hardy, milligan alumnus
Milligan alumnus Craig Hardy agrees the issue is a delicate one. After reading Greer's statement, Milligan's statement on Human Sexuality and the group's email, Hardy said based on his limited knowledge he senses his alma mater is approaching a sensitive issue appropriately.
"I am supportive of Milligan's position and their understanding of scripture and what human sexuality is designed to be and hope that folks recognize that Milligan's willingness to have discussions about these issues exhibits the love that they have for mankind," Hardy said.
Talking our way forward – with love
Dycus, Lee and Way all said the key to progress on the issue within the church and its various institutions is openness and dialogue.
"At Milligan as an institution it's not something that's commonly talked about or addressed, whether it's something positive or negative," Dycus said. "I think it's just an issue that's usually more avoided."
Not in her circles, though. Dycus said she and friends had many theologically based discussions about the issue during her freshman year.
And she said her own views on sexual orientation have evolved over the years, from a staunch belief in its sinfulness to wondering whether it was something "God would hold against a person" to what would be described as a fully affirming belief.
She thinks it's a mistake for Milligan not to dive into the question more openly.
"People will have a lot of different opinions, but it's good for opinions to be voiced," Dycus said. "It's important to be able to hear both sides, both thoughts even if it's not something you totally agree with."
Way said it was actually her liberal arts education at Milligan that taught her to think critically and ask questions of the authorities in her life.
"If you love something, you're going to be willing to ask the hard questions of it and then work on it," she said.
And if the letter to the administration didn't express love for Milligan, Way said it was intended to.
"We wouldn't be asking for things to change if we didn't care," Way said. "The opposite of love is apathy, not hate. Sure, we really don't like some of the policies at Milligan, but we love it enough to not be apathetic towards it."
Greer said LGBTQ related issues "have been an ongoing topic of discussion for many years" at Milligan.
"It is important to point out that we had already begun to address the matter through respectful and productive conversation with a number of students (before this spring's incident)," Greer said.
Milligan alumnus Craig Hardy
Hardy said the 1970s, when he was on campus, were a time when sexual orientation just wasn't discussed.
"But we also had individuals at Milligan at that time that were of that community, and it was difficult for them," Hardy said.
"While we didn't have to wrestle with it at the level that the current administration is having to wrestle with it, it was evident, and an issue that has confronted man and society basically for all the years we've inhabited this earth."
Hopwood's Lee said people in power at institutions can sometimes convince themselves they're having productive conversations when the fellow participants may not agree — but don't feel they have enough power to say so.
"I can understand the hesitancy to do that because we don't want division," said Lee, whose own church went through a period of open conversation about the issue. "But I think at the end of the day, we need to be very sensitive to people who are suffering and in pain and I think that is the case with any Christian community where dialogue on this issue is not (occurring)."
Way said communication would be a good starting point for those who remain uncomfortable about LGBTQ issues and people.
"Go meet a student who identifies as queer. Go talk to a professor who is gay. Because there's so much more about them than that one title, and I can promise you that is not going to be the biggest thing in their life.
"When we stop viewing people as issues and we start viewing them as people it's a whole lot harder to discard them."
Hardy said the issue is certainly worth grappling with within Milligan and the church.
"As we do with any human issue it's a matter of how do we exhibit the love of Christ to our fellow man, how do we uphold the truth that we find in scripture, but do so in a way that is productive and winsome, frankly, to those that perhaps don't share that belief."
Dycus said Milligan's leaders acknowledged that concern about alienating donors plays a role in the pace of administration movement on the issue. But she and Way both see another side.
"The exclusion hurts that population and hurts prospective students who see Milligan's outlines and their theology and maybe will choose not to come because of it," Dycus said.
"A really important thing in education and just for our growth (as) people … is just having different opinions, different views, even if they differ from your own," she said. "It helps you grow, it helps you think, it helps you re-evaluate your own beliefs. Even if it solidifies your own it's better to have these different perspectives. And I think long term it hurts Milligan."
Way said she understands the difficult circumstances private liberal arts institutions occupy as they try to navigate an era when some close their doors each year due to financial troubles.
"When you have students and alum and donors and churches and everyone else that you're trying to organize and get on the same page and have be okay with things, that takes awhile," she said.
"But do I also see it as an issue where if they continue with these things are they going to make that problem worse? I do, because I think they're ostracizing their students and their alumni, and as much as you want to please big name donors who are in their 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s now who don't see this as an issue that they need to change their stance on and don't want to change their minds on, in 20 years when it's my generation who's asked to donate I know several students who've said they're not going to donate because of issues like this.
"I know so many alum who do not want to donate until Milligan changes."
Like Dycus, Way said she's not expecting or even seeking overnight change. But she's adamant that the professor was treated wrongly and that love didn't win out in that incident.
She doesn't even necessarily foresee Milligan's administration or the church as fully affirming LGBTQ as a non-sinful lifestyle in 20 years.
But she certainly wants change from what she perceives as the current status quo, in which students are still afraid that "if I tell the wrong person I could be kicked out of school."
"In 20 years do I hope we're saying, 'I'm just as broken as you are, and my brokenness is no different from yours, so let's learn to love God better together?' Yes. Do I see us doing that now? Not with the LGBTQ-plus community. Is that something I'd like to see change in 20 years? It's something I'd like to see change a lot faster."
by Murry Lee / Jan 15, 2021
WASHINGTON COUNTY, Va. (WJHL) - The Washington County Virginia Sheriff's Office is warning the community about a scam involving fake employment opportunities.
According to a post from the sheriff's office, the scam starts when a job seeker receives a text from a scammer claiming to want to interview them over text messages.
by Slater Teague / Jan 14, 2021
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WJHL) — Sen. Jon Lundberg (R-Bristol) has been appointed deputy speaker of the Tennessee Senate by Lt. Gov. Randy McNally.
The deputy speaker is appointed to a two-year term and assists the speaker and acts as a liaison with regional and national legislative bodies.
JONESBOROUGH, Tenn. (WJHL) — Washington County, Tennessee Schools will continue virtual learning through the first week of February, with the possibility of returning to in-person learning on Feb. 8.
The school board rejected a motion by board member Whitney Riddle to allow students to return to classrooms.
Brian Dean to serve as interim superintendent of Lee County Schools
TDH: COVID-19 vaccinations offered by appointment to Northeast Tennesseans in multiple phases
Washington County, Tenn. Director of Schools announces retirement


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Q: Is $\neg Con(PA)$ true in a model of $PA+\neg Con(PA)$? It is known that if Peano arithmetic (PA) is consistent then $PA+\neg Con(PA)$ is also consistent. One way we can express $Con(PA)$ is $\forall x(\neg P(x))$ where $P(x)$ expresses that $x$ encodes a proof of $0=1$. We prove PA is consistent by proving there is one contradiction we can't prove, namely, $0=1 \land 0\neq 1$. If PA were inconsistent we could prove any contradiction.
I want to use a different contradiction. Let $Q(x)$ express that $x$ encodes a proof of $\exists x(S(x)=0)$. Given a proof of $\exists x(S(x)=0)$, I can easily derive the contradiction $\exists x(S(x)=0) \land \forall x(S(x) \neq 0)$ in the language of PA. Let $M$ be a model of $PA + \exists x(Q(x))$.
Is $\exists x(S(x)=0)$ actually true in $M$ in the sense there is an $x \in M$ whose successor is $0$? Or is the nonstandard length proof of $\exists x(S(x)=0)$ simply wrong?

I think Willemien brings up a valid concern. This concern is why I asked this question. Assume I state $\exists x(Q(x))$ the way Asaf suggests. $Q(x)$ would be an extremely complex arithmetic formula that assumes $x$ encodes a finite (in the model) sequence of finite sentences. $Q(x)$ will have a finite number of huge constants that encode theorems of the theory, etc. $Q(x)=1$ if $x$ encodes a proof of $\exists x(S(x)=0)$ otherwise $Q(x)=0$.
What if this $x$ is a standard natural number? This would mean our "model" has a finite (in the standard model) length proof of inconsistency and is actually inconsistent. The only way $PA+\exists x(Q(x))$ can have a model is if we assume $x$ is non-standard. There is no way to state this assumption in the language of PA. What if $x$ is not the shortest proof of a contradiction? Again, the axiom does not require $x$ to be the shortest proof of $\neg Con(PA)$.
I want to accept Carl Mummert's answer but I am still confused as to why $M \vDash \text{Bew}(\# \phi)$ is different from $M \vDash \phi$. It seems irrelevent that $\# \phi$ encodes the sentence $\phi$. If $\phi$ is a proof of $\exists x(S(x)=0)$, how is it different from any other proof? Is $\phi$ simply too long to be considered a valid proof?

A: Say that $\text{Bew}(x)$ means "$x$ codes a formula, and that formula is provable in PA".
Let $\phi$ be a formula and $M$ be a model of PA. There is a very significant difference between
$$M \vDash \text{Bew}(\phi)$$
and
$$M \vDash \phi.$$
It is a common, false intuition to think $\text{Bew}(\phi)$ implies $\phi$. The scheme that includes all statements of the form $\text{Bew}(\phi) \to \phi$ is known as a reflection scheme. Relatively few instances of that scheme are provable in PA.
In fact, by Löb's theorem, the only way for $\text{Bew}(\phi) \to \phi$ to be provable in PA is for $\phi$ itself to be provable in PA.
Moreover, say $M$ is a model of $\lnot \text{Con}(\text{PA})$ (that is, a model of $\text{Bew}(0=1)$). Because PA proves $0=1 \to \phi$ for every $\phi$, this model $M$ will satisfy $\text{Bew}(\phi)$ for every $\phi$. But $M$ cannot satisfy every formula! So $M$ already shows you that the entire reflection scheme cannot be provable in PA.
In particular, this $M$ will satisfy $\text{Bew}((\exists x)[x+1=0])$ but (since it is a model of PA) it will not satisfy $(\exists x)[x+1=0]$.
It is true, of course, that if $\phi$ is provable from PA then $\phi$ is true in every model of PA. But $\text{Bew}(\phi)$ is only an imitation of the real "provable" predicate.

Soundness
We say that a logic is sound if, when the logic proves a formula, the formula is true in every model. There is another sense of soundness for theories of arithmetic. A theory of arithmetic is sound for a given class of formulas if, whenever the theory proves a formula in that class, the formula is true (true in the standard model of arithmetic).
$\lnot \text{Con}(\text{PA})$ is a formula in the syntactic class $\Sigma^0_1$. Any theory that proves this is, therefore, not sound for $\Sigma^0_1$ formulas. This notion of soundness, and a few others, are discussed in the Wikipedia article on ω-consistent theories.

A: No, of course there is no such $x$ in $M$. Recall that $M$ is still a model of $\sf PA$.
Remember that when you talk about $\operatorname{Con}\sf(PA)$ you are talking about what $M$ internally thinks is the axioms of Peano. If $M$ is non-standard, as in this case, it will also have non-standard axioms. And these might be the ones contributing to the inconsistency. But from the external point of view, where the truth in $M$ is defined, these non-standard axioms are meaningless.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A plank probably used in killing her, was found across her face. According to reports, the deceased left a baby behind.
The circumstances surrounding her death remain unknown, but her bag and perfume were found close to her body.
The light-skinned lady was dressed in a dark gown and bright red shoes when she met her unfortunate ending at the hands of men of the underworld.


text:
Q: Automatic window title update Is there a mechanism that could set the title of the cgywin window based on the current value of an environment variable?
I found this small script sometime ago (on SO I think) that allows the window title to be set to a specific string:
echo -ne "\e]2;$@\a\e]1;$@\a";

Background: I have just switched from using Subversion to Perforce (company policy) and find myself repeatedly checking the value of the P4CLIENT environment variable to know what my current workspace is. It would be quite useful to have the title of the cygwin window to automatically contain the current value of that environment variable.

A: At least if you're using Bash and Mintty, you could check out this post on SuperUser.
So in your case, you could do something like (single quotes changed to double quotes from the original answer since single quotes don't interpolate):
echo -ne "\e]0;$P4CLIENT\a"

You could then add that line into your .bashrc file to make it permanent.


The teachers at the school would punish my son for not doing well in class. There was no violence, but the punishments affected him mentally. When I and my husband realized what was happening, we put him in a local day school. With a smaller group of kids per class, we thought he would receive better attention from the teachers there.
Initially, I did not care about studying hard at all. I was sure I wasn't going to be allowed to go to college. So what's the point in working hard? I took my education very lightly.


It's common to dislike your enemies, clearly UNB players would say the same about STU.
but I wonder who wins the games ??
just got back from the game....rivalry renewed for sure tonite! And I think we have a nominee for new Craig Mahon....that being Jon Harty. A UNB parent (probably Rob Pearce's father) was trying to justify to me that Harty's blatant interference hit on Cassidy near the end of the game was okay. As well as the post game scrum on the side boards. Squirrels I tell ya!


Make some sweet heart necklaces with your little Valentines to celebrate this love-filled day. Kids will adore decorating their own yarn tassel necklaces in this fun recycled art project using cardboard!
1. Paint your cardboard in sunset colors (pinks, reds, peaches, violet).
2. Trace a heart shape onto your cardboard in pencil.
3. Cut out your heart shape with very sharp scissors or a box cutter.
4. Add details to your hearts with chalk or paint markers (dots, dashes, flowers).
5. Create your tassel (see below for a step by step).
6. Attach your tassel and necklace to your heart pendant with hot glue or by hole punching your cardboard and knotting your yarn necklace through the hole.
1. Gather your yarn or embroidery thread. 2. Cut a small rectangular piece of cardboard (the longer your cardboard, the longer your tassel). 3. Cut a piece of your thread and tape it to the top of your cardboard (you can use contrasting color here if you like the look). 4. Start wrapping your string around your cardboard about 20 times. 5. When you reach your final wrap you will cut your thread and tie your ends together. 6. Cut the wrapped string along the bottom and take it off the cardboard. 7. Cut an 8 inch piece of string to wrap around the top of your tassel (creating a small bell shape). You will wrap this around about 6 times, finishing it off with a double knot. 8. Trim the bottom of your fringe.
Check out our unicorn necklaces using same method for a fun twist!
How are you celebrating Valentine's Day with the kids? Get inspired with more creative Valentine's Day ideas for kids!


text:
Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Announces Proposed $1.1 Billion Debt Offering
Published Thu, Oct 11 20127:38 AM EDT Updated Fri, Sep 13 20134:33 PM EDT
ALBANY, N.Y.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Momentive Performance Materials Inc. (the "Company") announced today that MPM Escrow LLC and MPM Finance Escrow Corp. (the "Escrow Issuers"), wholly owned special purpose subsidiaries of the Company, are proposing to issue $1,100,000,000 principal amount of first-priority senior secured notes due 2020 (the "Notes") in a private offering that is exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The proceeds of the offering initially will be placed in escrow pending satisfaction of a number of conditions, including either (i) obtaining an amendment to the Company's senior secured credit facilities to permit the Company to assume the obligations of the Escrow Issuers under the Notes or (ii) entering into the asset-based lending facility described below. Upon satisfaction of such conditions, the Company would assume the Escrow Issuers' obligations under the Notes, the Notes would be guaranteed on a senior basis by the domestic subsidiaries of the Company that are guarantors under its senior secured credit facilities (the "Note Guarantors") and, if the Company has not entered into the asset-based lending facility, the Notes would initially be secured on a pari passu basis by liens on the same collateral of the Company and the Note Guarantors securing the senior secured credit facilities, subject to certain exceptions. If such conditions are not satisfied by January 15, 2013 (or such earlier date as the Company determines that such conditions cannot be satisfied), the Escrow Issuers will redeem the Notes at a price equal to 100% of the gross proceeds of the Notes, plus accreted issue price and accrued interest.
The Company also announced that it has obtained commitments from financial institutions for a new $270 million asset-based revolving loan facility, subject to a borrowing base (the "ABL Facility"), and the Company expects to obtain an additional $30 million in commitments following the offering of the Notes to bring the total facility size to $300 million, although there can be no assurances the Company will obtain such additional commitments. If the Company does not obtain the additional commitments, the ABL Facility will be limited to a maximum of $270 million, subject to a borrowing base. The ABL Facility will replace the Company's existing senior secured credit facilities and the Company expects to enter into the ABL Facility as soon as practicable following the completion of the Notes offering. After the Company enters into the ABL Facility, and after the assumption of the obligations under the Notes by the Company, the Notes will have the benefit of a first-priority lien on certain notes priority collateral (which generally includes the domestic assets of the Company and the Note Guarantors other than inventory and accounts receivable) and a second-priority lien on certain domestic ABL priority collateral (which with respect to the Company and Note Guarantors generally includes inventory and accounts receivable), in each case subject to certain exceptions.
The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the offering of Notes (i) to repay all amounts outstanding under its senior secured credit facilities, (ii) to purchase, redeem or discharge all of its outstanding $200 million aggregate principal amount of 12½% Second-Lien Senior Secured Notes due 2014, (iii) to pay related fees and expenses and (iv) for general corporate purposes. The proposed offering of the Notes is subject to market and other conditions, and may not occur as described or at all.
The Notes are being offered only to qualified institutional buyers in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act, and outside the United States, only to non-U.S. investors pursuant to Regulation S. The Notes will not be initially registered under the Securities Act or any state securities laws and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent an effective registration statement or an applicable exemption from registration requirements or a transaction not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act or any state securities laws.
This news release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any security and shall not constitute an offer, solicitation or sale in any jurisdiction in which such offering, solicitation or sale would be unlawful.
About Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
Momentive Performance Materials Inc. is a global leader in silicones and advanced materials, with a 70-year heritage of being first to market with performance applications for major industries that support and improve everyday life. The Company delivers science-based solutions, by linking custom technology platforms to opportunities for customers. Momentive Performance Materials Inc. is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Momentive Performance Materials Holdings LLC. Additional information is available at www.momentive.com.
Certain statements in this news release are forward-looking statements within the meaning of and made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In addition, our management may from time to time make oral forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "project," "plan," "estimate," "may," "will," "could," "should," "seek" or "intend" and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements reflect our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future events and conditions and are based on currently available financial, economic and competitive data and our current business plans. Actual results could vary materially depending on risks and uncertainties that may affect our operations, markets, services, prices and other factors as discussed in the Risk Factors section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). While we believe our assumptions are reasonable, we caution you against relying on any forward-looking statements as it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, a weakening of global economic and financial conditions, interruptions in the supply of or increased cost of raw materials, changes in governmental regulations and related compliance and litigation costs, difficulties with the realization of cost savings in connection with our strategic initiatives, including transactions with our affiliate, Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc., pricing actions by our competitors that could affect our operating margins, the impact of our substantial indebtedness, our failure to comply with financial covenants under our credit facilities or other debt, and the other factors listed in the Risk Factors section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other SEC filings, including our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. For a more detailed discussion of these and other risk factors, see the Risk Factors section in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings made with the SEC. All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary notice. The forward-looking statements made by us speak only as of the date on which they are made. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law.
John Kompa, 614-225-2223
john.kompa@momentive.com
John Scharf, 518-233-3893
john.scharf@momentive.com
Source: Momentive Performance Materials Inc.


On the border of Virginia and North Carolina just off US RT 29 there is a small gas station that does a fair amount of business for a Wednesday afternoon in mid-July. I know this because I've just spent the last few hours here. My bike is doing its best impression of a statue. I am sitting in a decreasing pool of shade from a highway sign trying not to sweat too much. The last hour was spent tearing my bike down with a limited tool kit trying to figure out why I have no electrics. I finally concede defeat and call roadside assistance who assure me they will be here soon. The tow truck will take me to a dealer that should be able to help me get back on the road.
Over the years I've read several motorcycle travel stories where the authors assert that it's the delays in a trip that make the journey interesting. These interruptions usually are the best stories. Every good road trip account I've heard or read is about the stops more than the riding. I'm fascinated by riders tales of around-the-world and around-the-country adventures. Where they went, what they saw, what they needed to do to get from where they were to where they wanted to go. Is it the adventure in foreign lands that entices me? Sure that's part of it. Stories of far off, and not so far off, places and sights I probably will never see draw me in. More than that though, it's the bumps in the road. It's the stories of the places people stop, the people they meet there, and what they experience. That's the heart of it. A unique experience being shared. On my motorcycle trips and wanderings the best, and most often repeated, stories my friends and I share are about the pauses, the struggles, and the strange things that happen on or around a motorcycle once it has stopped.
The tow truck driver is here now and we strap down the bike to the back of a flatbed tow truck. I'm lucky the driver is also a motorcycle rider. He understands how to strap down a bike correctly. We are soon on our way to a dealer about 30 miles away from the gas station. On the way we talk about the bikes we've owned, trips we've taken, and other bikes he's towed. We cover a bit of ground in our short conversation. He's mostly a sport bike rider and likes to stay around town. Right now he's in between bikes but has a line on a GSXR that a buddy of his is giving up on the cheap. I can hear the excitement in his voice when he thinks about being able to ride again.
So much of what I hear in conversation at work or have when I'm out with friends is regurgitating information gathered from sound bites and headlines. In our busy lives, and because of the onslaught of information thrown at us every day, it's an easy pattern to fall into. Glean a little information from the news headlines, twitter, facebook, etc. Then meet up with a friend, reiterate the soundbites and maybe discuss them a little. This is what passes for conversation. I think this is more information sharing than conversation. There's a place for this type of discussion but I find too often that it's taking the place of people sharing their own experiences with each other.
When my riding buddies get together and talk we recount stories of the time our friend got a flat tire outside Gatlinburg, TN. The time our boots melted when we tried to dry them out around the fire after riding all day in the rain. The fajitas we made at Mt.Pisgah campground off the Blue Ridge Parkway after a long day of riding. We rarely talk about the multiple miles we rode on a trip, except to maybe comment on a nice section of road. I've rarely gone on a ride longer than an hour and not come back home without something interesting (or even frightening) to talk about.
The tow truck pulls up next to a building sandwiched between several houses on a neighborhood street. The only indication that it's a motorcycle dealer is the faded sign and motley assortment of scooters and ATVs lined up in the mostly gravel parking lot. This is not what I expected when the woman from road side assistance said I'd be going to a Kawasaki dealer close by. The only other dealer in the area couldn't make room for me for 2 weeks and this dealer could look at my bike today so I don't have much of a choice. I help unstrap the bike and wheel it into the service bay at the back of the building. The service area looks more like my buddies garage who can't seem to throw old bike parts away. It's complete with an old 50's era fridge, 80's era boom box belting out 90's era music. The mechanics are nice guys and take the bike right in. I'm not encouraged when their first question is "What kind of bike is that?" The closest motorcycle they have in their stable to my Concours 14 is a used Ninja last seen with Tom Cruise astride it in Top Gun.
Fortunately the basic workings of bikes are the same. Based on the ATVs, Minibikes, and "custom" motorcycles waiting to be serviced, these mechanics are accustomed to improvising and thinking outside the box. They locate the source of the problem in a very short time. The issue is an overheated (partially melted) fuse behind the battery due to a bad ground. The mechanic replaces the fuse and files down the powder coat on the frame so the ground can get a better contact. Things look like they are going well until he has to drill out the screw he just torqued the head off. After fixing the screw, he reattached the ground and the bike fires right up. With well wishes on a safe journey, and an apology for the broken screw, I'm off. Total cost: $20.00.
I arrive at my hotel three hours later than I expected. After unpacking I walk over to the rally I was trying to get to all day, grab an adult beverage, and find a few friends. We catch up and spend the rest of night telling stories about our adventures over the past year. I have a few (and one new one) I'm just itching to share. My story prompts the telling of other stories about on-road fixes. 20 uses for baling wire, best fixes involving duct tape, the multiple virtues of vice grips, and many more. The story telling and conversation go on late into the first night, and the next. Great conversation is easy with friends, especially when you have good stories to share.


This unique international Master's platform organises around three back-to-back semesters – running from late-August to late-August each year. With the exciting option of then continuing your learning and development for a further year through a funded international learning exchange programme.
This twelve to twenty-four month programme of activities, organises around a small group of no more than eight students each year, and it is precisely their questions, objectives and urgencies – as doers, makers, thinkers and learners of all kinds – that lead the way.


"Global EQ" is a function located in the main menu of the GT that provides access to different equalization curves for easier adjustment of overall amp response to different acoustic environments. This can be helpful when favorite presets and settings are dialed in, but a bright or boomy sounding space requires some additional equalization. Rather than re-adjust each and every preset and setting, you can quickly select one of the different EQ profiles shaped to suit the surroundings at hand.
Activate this function by pressing the MENU utility button and using the ENCODER to scroll to and select "GLOBAL EQ" (see illustrations below).
To access the Global EQ function, first press the MENU utility button.
Turn the ENCODER to scroll to one of four "GLOBAL EQ" options.
Press the ENCODER to select a "GLOBAL EQ" option.


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Filtration of aerosols is omnipresent in our day-by-day lives, in parts as various as overall healthiness, the safety of individuals and the surroundings, and air remedy inside of constructions. despite the fact that, the gathering of debris inside a clear out media isn't, opposite to renowned trust, associated with an easy display influence. The phenomena concerned are even more complicated and require the honor of aerosol interactions, filter out media and procedure stipulations to choose the easiest fiber clear out for a given program. Aerosol Filtration, book for college kids, hygiene or strategy engineers, fibrous media brands, designers, and filtration process providers or clients addresses the filtration of aerosols in six chapters. those chapters disguise physics and aerosol characterization, the fibrous media, and potency and clear out clogging via strong or liquid aerosols, with unique realization to the filtration of the nanoparticles.
Interactions of electromagnetic fields with fabrics at excessive frequencies have given upward thrust to an unlimited array of useful purposes in undefined, technology, medication, and buyer markets. Applicators or probes, that are front finish of those structures, give you the box that interacts with the cloth.
Skinny layer chromatography (TLC) is more and more utilized in the fields of plant chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology. benefits reminiscent of pace, versatility, and occasional rate make it one of many best thoughts used for finding and studying bioactive elements in crops. skinny Layer Chromatography in Phytochemistry is the 1st resource dedicated to providing cutting-edge info on TLC because it applies to the separation, id, quantification, and isolation of medicinal plant elements.
Considering that its advertisement creation in 2004, UHPLC (Ultra-High functionality Liquid Chromatography) has started to interchange traditional HPLC in academia and and curiosity during this procedure keeps to develop. either the raises in pace and determination make this an enticing technique; relatively to the existence sciences and greater than 1500 papers were written in this strongly-evolving subject to this point.
Concepts and strategies in natural Synthesis offers a discussion board for investigators to debate their method of the technological know-how and paintings of natural synthesis. instead of an easy presentation of knowledge or a secondhand research, this vintage presents tales that vividly show the ability of the human pastime referred to as natural synthesis and the creativity and tenacity of its practitioners.


Coleman Rail is one of Victoria's biggest rail infrastructure companies and a strong supporter of the Victorian Government's $90 million Jobs Victoria employment program.
The company's Procurement Manager, Aimee Najdovski, has a simple message for Victorian employers who are looking for reliable, competent staff: get on board the Jobs Victoria program.
"Jobs Victoria is very proactive in finding and preparing people who fit the bill. The specialised services provided by Jobs Victoria helps our internal recruitment team," she said.
Coleman Rail first employed 17 engineering cadets under the Major Projects Skills Guarantee program to work on the company's major rail infrastructure projects. And some of those cadets are still working on major level crossing projects.
The company has now employed five further young jobseekers who experienced barriers to employment, under Jobs Victoria.
It is also finalising plans to employ up to 10 more people under JobsBank, a program under Jobs Victoria, designed to find employment for some of the state's most disadvantaged jobseekers.
One of the beneficiaries of the program is Chris Barbu, a long-term jobseeker who has found a future at Coleman Rail.
That second chance arrived when Chris was referred to JobsBank which organised training and job preparation, and found a willing employer in Coleman Rail.
"None of this would be possible without the endless hours and hard work from Sophie Gordon from JobsBank. And a massive thanks to Coleman Rail for giving me a shot. It means so much to me – a career and a future for myself," Chris said.


text:
Battle of Sinhagad
List of Easy Company (506 PIR) veterans
Norman Dike
7 Ps (military adage)
Arshad Sami Khan
Matthew Axelson
Lockheed C-130 Hercules
Lockheed P-38 Lightning
Deutsches Heer
Alfred V. Rascon
Allan J. Kellogg
Allen James Lynch
Brian Thacker
Bruce P. Crandall
Charles C. Hagemeister
Project maintenance
Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, German bomber aircraft 1910–1919, Rumpler aircraft
Rumpler G.I
G.I, G.II and G.III
Rumpler
Primary user
Luftstreitkräfte
The Rumpler G.I was a bomber aircraft produced in Germany during World War I, together with refined versions known as the G.II and G.III.[1]
Design and development Edit
Based on a prototype with the factory designation 4A15, the G.I and its successors were built to a conventional bomber design for their time, two-bay biplanes with unstaggered wings of unequal span.[2] The pilot sat in an open cockpit just forward of the wings, and open positions were provided the nose and amidships for a gunner and observer. The engines were mounted pusher-fashion in nacelles atop the lower wings and enclosed in streamlined cowlings.[2] Fixed tricycle undercarriage was fitted, with dual wheels on each unit.[2] The G.II version was almost identical, but featured more powerful engines and carried a second 7.92 mm (.312 in) machine gun and increased bombload.[2] The G.III was again similar, but had engine nacelles that were now mounted on short struts clear of the lower wing.[2]
Variants Edit
4A15 - prototype with Benz Bz.III engines[3]
5A15 - G.I production version with single machine gun and Benz Bz.III or Mercedes D.III engines[4] (ca 60 built)[2]
5A16 - G.II production version with Benz Bz.IV engines and two machine guns[5] (ca. 72 built)[6]
6G2 - G.III production version with Mercedes D.IV engines and two machine guns[7] (ca. 90 built)[6]
Specifications (G.III) Edit
Data from Kroschel & Stützer 1994, p.140
Crew: Three
Length: 12.00 m (39 ft 4 in)
Wingspan: 19.30 m (63 ft 4 in)
Height: 4.50 m (19 ft 2 in)
Wing area: 73.0 m2 (785 ft2)
Empty weight: 2,365 kg (5,203 lb)
Gross weight: 3,620 kg (7,964 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × Mercedes D.IV, 190 kW (260 hp) each
Range: 700 km (440 miles)
Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft)</ul>Armament
1 × trainable 7.92 mm (.312 in) Parabellum MG14 machine gun in nose
1 × trainable 7.92 mm (.312 in) Parabellum MG14 machine gun in dorsal position
250 kg (550 lb) of bombs
↑ Taylor 1989, p.772
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft, p.2834
↑ Gray & Thetford 1962, p.529
↑ 6.0 6.1 Kroschel & Stützer 1994, p.140
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rumpler aircraft.
Gray, Peter; Owen Thetford (1962). German Aircraft of the First World War. London: Putnam.
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft. London: Aerospace Publishing.
Kroschel, Günter; Helmut Stützer (1994). Die Deutschen Militärflugzeuge 1910–1918. Herford: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn.
Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions.
Idflieg G-class aircraft designations
G.I
G.II
G.III
G.IV
G.V
G.VI
G.VII
G.VIII
G.IX
G.X
Schütte-Lanz
Siemens-Schuckert
Retrieved from "https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Rumpler_G.I?oldid=4192245"
Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia
German bomber aircraft 1910–1919
Rumpler aircraft
More Military Wiki
1 Matthew Axelson


text:
Q: Why does the vscode golang plugin remove spaces around operators on save? If it matters, I've been writing code for many years, but I'm only now exploring golang and vscode at the same time.
On my Linux box, I installed vscode (1.56.2) and the golang plugin (0.25.1).
I've been stepping through some simple golang tutorials, and I noticed a curious thing that happened when I saved a file I had edited.
This is the line I had:
out = append(out, base + v)

When I saved it, it went to this:
out = append(out, base+v)

It removed the spaces around the "+" operator.  I went searching through the vscode and golang extension settings, and I found almost nothing about what it will do on save.
In fact, in Settings, I have "Format On Save" UNchecked.
So, what is doing this, and why?  Do I have any ability to configure this?

A:
So, what is doing this, and why?

Your editor runs the the gofmt command on save. The command uses space to show operator precedence.
The following snippet is formatted with the gofmt command. Notice how operands are closer to the higher precedence operators.
fmt.Println(a + b + c + d)
fmt.Println(a * b * c * d)
fmt.Println(a + b*c + d)
fmt.Println(a*b + c*d)

The gofmt command removes the spaces around the + in the question because the + has precedence over the ,.

A: This has nothing to do with VScode. If you have this file:
package main
import "fmt"

func main() {
   var a []int
   a = append(a, 1 + 2)
   fmt.Println(a)
}

Running gofmt file.go gives you:
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
        var a []int
        a = append(a, 1+2)
        fmt.Println(a)
}


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text:
Brave New WorldsStar Wars: The Last JediShareSubscribe
'Last Jedi' Sound Designers Explain Why Luke's Lightsaber Makes Noise
By Ryan Britt
Filed Under Entertainment, Fan Theories, Kylo Ren, Spoilers & Star Wars
There were a lot of clues that Luke Skywalker wasn't exactly himself in the final big fight of Star Wars: The Last Jedi, but there was some concern with the sound designers about exactly how much noise Luke's living ghost should actually make. In other words, how does a projected spirit of someone make a lightsaber noise if the lightsaber isn't real?
Spoilers ahead for *The Last Jedi.
On Friday, Variety published an interview with Ren Klyce, one of the sound editors on The Last Jedi. Though the interview mostly focused on the decision to make the now-infamous "Holdo Maneuver" totally devoid of any sound, another pivotal decision about sound, or the lack thereof, also made a huge impact on the plot of the film.
Even though Luke Skywalker's Force-image of himself doesn't make any sounds with his body, should his lightsaber make noise? If the entire visage of "Luke" which duels with Kylo Ren on the planet Crait is soundless — save for his voice — why does his lightsaber make noise?
"We had some deep conversations about what sounds should and shouldn't be heard for Luke's Force projection," Klyce revealed. "And ultimately made the jump and said the lightsaber is going to make sounds." Which makes sense. If, for some reason, Luke Skywalker's lightsaber didn't make any noise, it probably would have been a dead give-away to Kylo Ren that something was amiss, thus ruining Luke's entire plan to fool Ren into thinking he was really there.
Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker in 'The Last Jedi.'
It's also possible that it's just literally inconceivable to have a lightsaber in a Star Wars movie and not have it make its iconic noises. Original Star Was sound designer Ben Burtt has said on multiple occasions, that when he created the original lightsaber sound, and it was put into a rough cut of the original film, very few people commented upon it. The sound was based on the real-life sound of interlocking idling motors on old film projectors, and Burtt later took the lack of comment upon the sounds a compliment. If the sound effect was that convincing, and organic, no one would have reason to comment on it.
And the success of that sound means that forty years later, people would have definitely noticed if it was gone.
The Last Jedi is sit out in theaters world wide.
Media via Lucasfilm/Disney, Lucasfilm
'Last Jedi' Novelization Leaks Kylo's 'Star Wars: Ri...
Why Retconning Rey's Parents in 'Star Wars: Rise of ...
'Rise of Skywalker' Theory Says Palpatine Was Influe...
'Star Wars: Episode IX' Theory Says Rey and Kylo Tra...
How a Han Solo and Luke Skywalker 'Episode 9' Reunio...


Saju is vice president and general counsel of HDG hotels which is based out of Ocala, Florida. Saju and his brother, Navroz Saju, are the founding members of HDG hotels, which owns and operates nine hotels throughout Central and North Central Florida. The Marion County, FL chamber of commerce recently awarded HDG hotels its business of the year. Saju obtained his law degree from the University of Florida and undergraduate degree in Economics from Davidson College. He resides in Ocala with his wife and daughter. Ocala has been home for Saju and his family since 1981.


text:
using System.Security.Cryptography;

namespace Lidgren.Network
{
    public class NetTripleDESEncryption : NetCryptoProviderBase
	{
		public NetTripleDESEncryption(NetPeer peer)
			: base(peer, new TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider())
		{
		}

		public NetTripleDESEncryption(NetPeer peer, string key)
			: base(peer, new TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider())
		{
			SetKey(key);
		}

		public NetTripleDESEncryption(NetPeer peer, byte[] data, int offset, int count)
			: base(peer, new TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider())
		{
			SetKey(data, offset, count);
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub