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How can a trade secret be protected by reading the article in a closed box
In order for information to be protected as trade secret, it shall meet the following criteria. The information must be secret (i.e., it is not generally known among, or readily accessible, to circles that normally deal with the kind of information in question). Absolute secrecy is not required. For example, trade secrets can be kept by several parties, as long as it is not known to other persons working in the field. It must have actual or potential commercial value because it is secret. It must have been subject to reasonable steps by the rightful holder of the information to keep it secret (e.g., through confidentiality agreements). While the "reasonable" steps may depend on the circumstances of each case, marking confidential documents, placing physical and electronic restrictions to access trade secret information, introducing a systematic monitoring system and raising awareness of employees are the measures taken to safeguard trade secrets.
A company develops a process for the manufacturing of its products that allows it to produce its goods in a more cost-effective manner. Such a process provides the enterprise a competitive edge over its competitors. The enterprise in question may therefore value its know-how as a trade secret and would not want competitors to learn about it. It makes sure that only a limited number of people know the secret, and those who know it are made well aware that it is confidential. When dealing with third parties or licensing its know-how, the enterprise signs confidentiality agreements to ensure that all parties know that the secret information must not be disclosed. The company should also take reasonable measures to keep the know-how secret, such as putting access control and security measures in place and establishing internal procedures for systematic controlling and monitoring of trade secret information. In such circumstances, the misappropriation of the information by a competitor or by any third party would be considered a violation of the enterprise's trade secrets. However, such measures will only be effective if the products could not easily be "reverse engineered" by competitors.
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What is a trade secret?
Trade secrets are intellectual property (IP) rights on confidential information which may be sold or licensed.
What qualifies as a trade secret?
In general, to qualify as a trade secret, the information must be:
commercially valuable because it is secret,
be known only to a limited group of persons, and
be subject to reasonable steps taken by the rightful holder of the information to keep it secret, including the use of confidentiality agreements for business partners and employees.
The unauthorized acquisition, use or disclosure of such secret information in a manner contrary to honest commercial practices by others is regarded as an unfair practice and a violation of the trade secret protection.
What kind of information is protected by trade secrets?
In general, any confidential business information which provides an enterprise a competitive edge and is unknown to others may be protected as a trade secret.
Types of trade secrets
Trade secrets encompass both technical information, such as information concerning manufacturing processes, pharmaceutical test data, designs and drawings of computer programs, and commercial information, such as distribution methods, list of suppliers and clients, and advertising strategies.
A trade secret may be also made up of a combination of elements, each of which by itself is in the public domain, but where the combination, which is kept secret, provides a competitive advantage.
Other examples of information that may be protected by trade secrets include financial information, formulas and recipes and source codes.
What kind of protection does a trade secret offer?
Depending on the legal system, the legal protection of business secrets forms part of the general concept of protection against unfair competition or is based on specific provisions or case law on the protection of confidential information.
While a final determination of whether trade secret protection is violated or not depends on the circumstances of each individual case, in general, unfair practices in respect of secret information include industrial or commercial espionage, breach of contract and breach of confidence.
A trade secret owner, however, cannot stop others from using the same technical or commercial information, if they acquired or developed such information independently by themselves through their own R&D, reverse engineering or marketing analysis, etc. Since trade secrets are not made public, unlike patents, they do not provide "defensive" protection, as being prior art. For example, if a specific process of producing Compound X has been protected by a trade secret, someone else can obtain a patent or a utility model on the same invention, if the inventor arrived at that invention independently.
How can a trade secret be protected?
Companies should take preventive measures to protect trade secrets against theft or misappropriation, including:
Non-disclosure agreement (NDA): employees and business partners should sign a non-disclosure agreement that prevent them from disclosing a company's confidential information.
Non-compete agreement (NCA): employers should ask employees, contractors and consultants to sign a non-compete agreement to prevent them from entering in competition when their employment/service agreement ends.
Robust IT security infrastructure
Controlling the accessibility of important documents
Read the full list of trade secrets FAQs.
A trade secret:
is information that has either actual or potential independent economic value by virtue of not being generally known,
has value to others who cannot legitimately obtain the information, and
is subject to reasonable efforts to maintain its secrecy.
All three elements are required; if any element ceases to exist, then the trade secret will also cease to exist. Otherwise there is no limit on the amount of time a trade secret is protected.
Protection of trade secrets
The Economic Espionage Act of 1996 criminalizes trade theft under two sets of circumstances. Economic espionage refers to the theft of a trade secret "intending or knowing that the offense will benefit any foreign government, foreign instrumentality, or foreign agent." The second offense — the theft of trade secrets — addresses theft "that is related to a product or service used in or intended for use in interstate or foreign commerce, to the economic benefit of anyone other than the owner thereof, and intending or knowing that the offense will, injure any owner of that trade secret." These crimes are prosecuted by the Department of Justice and are punishable by imprisonment and/or fines.
The Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016 (DTSA) amended the Economic Espionage Act to establish a private civil cause of action for the misappropriation of a trade secret. This cause of action provides trade secret owners with a uniform, reliable, and predictable way to protect their valuable trade secrets anywhere in the country. The DTSA does not preempt existing state trade secret law, thus giving trade secret owners the option of state or federal venues.
U.S. courts can protect a trade secret by (a) ordering that the misappropriation stop, (b) that the secret be protected from public exposure, and (c) in extraordinary circumstances, ordering the seizure of the misappropriated trade secret. At the conclusion of a trade secret case, courts can award damages, court costs, reasonable attorneys' fees and a permanent injunction, if warranted.
Trade secrets versus patents
Trade secret protection is a complement to patent protection. Patents require the inventor to provide a detailed and enabling disclosure about the invention in exchange for the right to exclude others from practicing the invention for a limited period of time. Patents expire, and when that happens the information contained within is no longer protected. However, unlike trade secrets, patents may protect against independent discovery. Patent protection also eliminates the need to maintain secrecy.
While the definition of protectable "information" is very broad under trade secret law, there are more limitations on what can be protected by a patent. If a given invention is eligible for either patent or trade secret protection, then the decision on how to protect that invention depends on business considerations and weighing the relative benefits of each type of intellectual property protection.
Trade secrets resources
Trade Secrets Video
A three-minute video produced by the USPTO provides a brief, yet informative introduction on what trade secrets are, why you should protect them, how they can impact a business's bottom line, and their importance as intellectual property.
2017 Trade Secrets Symposium
On May 8, 2017, at the one-year anniversary of the enactment of the Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016, the USPTO convened a one-day symposium on trade secrets: "Developments in Trade Secret Protection." Videos of all four panel sessions are available for viewing online.
On January 8, 2015, the USPTO organized a one-day symposium on issues relevant to the protection of trade secrets. Videos of the symposium are available for viewing online.
Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016
Public law 114-153. Dated May 11, 2016. Read the full text of the law here.
The Defend Trade Secrets Act at Five: The Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine (October 2021)
On the fifth anniversary of the enactment of the Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016, this paper looks at the relationship between the act and the "inevitable disclosure" doctrine. The doctrine allows a court to enjoin a former employee from working for a competitor because the nature of the new job and the knowledge of the employee makes it inevitable that the trade secrets of the former employer will be disclosed.
Definitions. Article means a manufactured item other than a fluid or particle: (i) which is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture; (ii) which has end use function(s) dependent in whole or in part upon its shape or design during end use; and (iii) which under normal conditions of use does not release more than very small quantities, e.g., minute or trace amounts of a hazardous chemical (as determined under paragraph (d) of this section), and does not pose a physical hazard or health risk to employees.
Assistant Secretary means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, or designee.
Chemical means any substance, or mixture of substances.
Chemical manufacturer means an employer with a workplace where chemical(s) are produced for use or distribution.
Chemical name means the scientific designation of a chemical in accordance with the nomenclature system developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) or the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) rules of nomenclature, or a name that will clearly identify the chemical for the purpose of conducting a hazard classification.
Classification means to identify the relevant data regarding the hazards of a chemical; review those data to ascertain the hazards associated with the chemical; and decide whether the chemical will be classified as hazardous according to the definition of hazardous chemical in this section. In addition, classification for health and physical hazards includes the determination of the degree of hazard, where appropriate, by comparing the data with the criteria for health and physical hazards.
Commercial account means an arrangement whereby a retail distributor sells hazardous chemicals to an employer, generally in large quantities over time and/or at costs that are below the regular retail price.
Common name means any designation or identification such as code name, code number, trade name, brand name or generic name used to identify a chemical other than by its chemical name.
Container means any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum, reaction vessel, storage tank, or the like that contains a hazardous chemical. For purposes of this section, pipes or piping systems, and engines, fuel tanks, or other operating systems in a vehicle, are not considered to be containers.
Designated representative means any individual or organization to whom an employee gives written authorization to exercise such employee's rights under this section. A recognized or certified collective bargaining agent shall be treated automatically as a designated representative without regard to written employee authorization.
Director means the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or designee.
Distributor means a business, other than a chemical manufacturer or importer, which supplies hazardous chemicals to other distributors or to employers.
Employee means a worker who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under normal operating conditions or in foreseeable emergencies. Workers such as office workers or bank tellers who encounter hazardous chemicals only in non-routine, isolated instances are not covered.
Employer means a person engaged in a business where chemicals are either used, distributed, or are produced for use or distribution, including a contractor or subcontractor.
Exposure or exposed means that an employee is subjected in the course of employment to a chemical that is a physical or health hazard, and includes potential (e.g., accidental or possible) exposure. "Subjected" in terms of health hazards includes any route of entry (e.g. inhalation, ingestion, skin contact or absorption.)
Foreseeable emergency means any potential occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment which could result in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the workplace.
Hazard category means the division of criteria within each hazard class, e.g., oral acute toxicity and flammable liquids include four hazard categories. These categories compare hazard severity within a hazard class and should not be taken as a comparison of hazard categories more generally.
Hazard class means the nature of the physical or health hazards, e.g., flammable solid, carcinogen, oral acute toxicity.
Hazard not otherwise classified (HNOC) means an adverse physical or health effect identified through evaluation of scientific evidence during the classification process that does not meet the specified criteria for the physical and health hazard classes addressed in this section. This does not extend coverage to adverse physical and health effects for which there is a hazard class addressed in this section, but the effect either falls below the cut-off value/concentration limit of the hazard class or is under a GHS hazard category that has not been adopted by OSHA (e.g., acute toxicity Category 5).
Hazard statement means a statement assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature of the hazard(s) of a chemical, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard.
Hazardous chemical means any chemical which is classified as a physical hazard or a health hazard, a simple asphyxiant, combustible dust, pyrophoric gas, or hazard not otherwise classified.
Health hazard means a chemical which is classified as posing one of the following hazardous effects: acute toxicity (any route of exposure); skin corrosion or irritation; serious eye damage or eye irritation; respiratory or skin sensitization; germ cell mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; reproductive toxicity; specific target organ toxicity (single or repeated exposure); or aspiration hazard. The criteria for determining whether a chemical is classified as a health hazard are detailed in Appendix A to § 1910.1200 – Health Hazard Criteria.
Immediate use means that the hazardous chemical will be under the control of and used only by the person who transfers it from a labeled container and only within the work shift in which it is transferred.
Importer means the first business with employees within the Customs Territory of the United States which receives hazardous chemicals produced in other countries for the purpose of supplying them to distributors or employers within the United States.
Label means an appropriate group of written, printed or graphic information elements concerning a hazardous chemical that is affixed to, printed on, or attached to the immediate container of a hazardous chemical, or to the outside packaging.
Label elements means the specified pictogram, hazard statement, signal word and precautionary statement for each hazard class and category.
Mixture means a combination or a solution composed of two or more substances in which they do not react.
Physical hazard means a chemical that is classified as posing one of the following hazardous effects: explosive; flammable (gases, aerosols, liquids, or solids); oxidizer (liquid, solid or gas); self-reactive; pyrophoric (liquid or solid); self-heating; organic peroxide; corrosive to metal; gas under pressure; or in contact with water emits flammable gas. See Appendix B to § 1910.1200 – Physical Hazard Criteria.
Pictogram means a composition that may include a symbol plus other graphic elements, such as a border, background pattern, or color, that is intended to convey specific information about the hazards of a chemical. Eight pictograms are designated under this standard for application to a hazard category.
Precautionary statement means a phrase that describes recommended measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous chemical, or improper storage or handling.
Produce means to manufacture, process, formulate, blend, extract, generate, emit, or repackage.
Product identifier means the name or number used for a hazardous chemical on a label or in the SDS. It provides a unique means by which the user can identify the chemical. The product identifier used shall permit cross-references to be made among the list of hazardous chemicals required in the written hazard communication program, the label and the SDS.
Pyrophoric gas means a chemical in a gaseous state that will ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 130 degrees F (54.4 degrees C) or below.
Responsible party means someone who can provide additional information on the hazardous chemical and appropriate emergency procedures, if necessary.
Safety data sheet (SDS) means written or printed material concerning a hazardous chemical that is prepared in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.
Signal word means a word used to indicate the relative level of severity of hazard and alert the reader to a potential hazard on the label. The signal words used in this section are "danger" and "warning." "Danger" is used for the more severe hazards, while "warning" is used for the less severe.
Simple asphyxiant means a substance or mixture that displaces oxygen in the ambient atmosphere, and can thus cause oxygen deprivation in those who are exposed, leading to unconsciousness and death.
Specific chemical identity means the chemical name, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number, or any other information that reveals the precise chemical designation of the substance.
Substance means chemical elements and their compounds in the natural state or obtained by any production process, including any additive necessary to preserve the stability of the product and any impurities deriving from the process used, but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of the substance or changing its composition.
Trade secret means any confidential formula, pattern, process, device, information or compilation of information that is used in an employer's business, and that gives the employer an opportunity to obtain an advantage over competitors who do not know or use it. Appendix E to § 1910.1200 – Definition of Trade Secret, sets out the criteria to be used in evaluating trade secrets.
Use means to package, handle, react, emit, extract, generate as a byproduct, or transfer.
Work area means a room or defined space in a workplace where hazardous chemicals are produced or used, and where employees are present.
Workplace means an establishment, job site, or project, at one geographical location containing one or more work areas.
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Dashrath Manjhi, né le  et mort à Delhi le , est un ouvrier indien. Il est connu pour avoir creusé, des années durant et armé d'outils rudimentaires, un passage dans une paroi rocheuse afin de raccourcir la distance séparant son village de l'hôpital le plus proche. Son accomplissement a reçu un large écho dans la presse indienne et des obsèques d'État ont été organisées à sa mort.

Biographie

Il existe plusieurs versions des événements qui ont conduit Dashrath Manjhi à se lancer dans son œuvre titanesque, et les données chiffrées concernant son exploit varient aussi d'une source à l'autre.

Au début des années 1960, Dashrath Manjhi vit à , un petit village du Bihar, où il gagne sa vie comme travailleur agricole. Lorsque son épouse Phaguni Devi tombe malade, il tente de l'amener à l'hôpital le plus proche, situé à . Mais en raison de la présence d'une paroi rocheuse entre Gehlaur et Wazirganj, la route fait un large détour, et Phaguni Devi meurt avant d'arriver à l'hôpital.

Pour qu'une telle tragédie ne se répète pas, Dashrath Manjhi entreprend de creuser un passage de 110 mètres de long et de 10 mètres de large dans la masse rocheuse, haute de six mètres. Seul et désargenté, il travaille avec un marteau et un ciseau, jour après jour pendant plus de vingt ans. Son œuvre est achevée au milieu des années 1980, et la distance séparant Gehlaur de Wazirganj passe alors de plusieurs dizaines de kilomètres à environ 15 kilomètres.

Reconnaissance

Peu avant sa mort, Dashrath Manjhi est reçu avec les honneurs par le chef de gouvernement du Bihar, Nitish Kumar, qui promet la construction d'une route empruntant le passage creusé dans la roche, mais aussi l'ouverture d'un hôpital à Gehlaur même.

Son décès, survenu le 17 août 2007, est largement relayé dans la presse nationale en Inde, et le gouvernement du Bihar organise des obsèques d'État en son honneur.

En 2012, l'acteur Aamir Khan relate l'histoire de Dashrath Manjhi dans son émission télévisée Satyamev Jayate. Ketan Mehta a réalisé un film sur le même sujet, Manjhi - The Mountain Man, dont la sortie en Inde date du 21 août 2015.

Source
  Indrajit Singh. The Mountain Parted. Outlook. 3 septembre 2007.

Notes et références

Liens externes
  Avinash Celestine. Love's labour brings down hill. Indian Express. 24 mai 1997.
  Aamir Khan. Satyamev Jayate. 29 juillet 2012.
  : localisation du passage creusé par Dashrath Manjhi

Personnalité indienne du XXe siècle
Personnalité indienne du XXIe siècle
Naissance au Bihar
Naissance en janvier 1934
Décès en août 2007
Décès à 73 ans
Décès à New Delhi
Mort d'un cancer de la vésicule biliaire
Mort d'un cancer en Inde

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


One mark of a "good" scientist is the ability to address issues of the unknown in a way that allows for further research and deeper engagement – what Matthew Stanley calls "productive uncertainty." This outlook is rarely discussed within science, but arises from unspoken values and virtues demonstrated through practice. In this lecture, Stanley will discuss how three important scientists – James Clerk Maxwell (1831–79), Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882–1944), and Carl Sagan (1934–96) – grappled with questions of productive uncertainty, and, in particular, how they justified their values of productive uncertainty and what resources they drew on for those justifications. Stanley will argue that all three drew on religious values to help articulate and support their scientific practices. Coming from different religious contexts – conservative, liberal, and secular – they help demonstrate the variety of ways scientific virtues can interact with and depend on wider categories.
Prof. Matthew Stanley teaches and researches the history and philosophy of science at New York University – Gallatin. He holds degrees in astronomy, religion, physics, and the history of science and is interested in the connections between science and the wider culture. He is the author of Practical Mystic: Religion, Science, and A. S. Eddington, which examines how scientists reconcile their religious beliefs and professional lives, and Huxley's Church and Maxwell's Demon, which explores how science changed from its historical theistic foundations to its modern naturalistic ones. His current project is a history of scientific predictions of the end of the world. Stanley is also part of a nationwide National Science Foundation-funded effort to use the humanities to improve science education in the college classroom. He has held fellowships at the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton, NJ), the British Academy, and the Max Planck Institute. He currently runs the New York City History of Science Working Group. Professor Stanley was awarded a 2014–15 Gallatin Dean's Award for Excellence in Teaching.
Don Howard is a Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame and holds degrees in physics and philosophy. He is a Fellow and former Director of the Reilly Center for Science, Technology, and Values, and is co-director of the Reilly Center's Ethics of Emerging Technologies focus area. A Fellow of the American Physical Society, Past Chair of APS's Forum on the History of Physics and the APS Committee on International Freedom of Scientists, Howard is an internationally recognized expert on the history and philosophy of modern physics, especially the work of Einstein and Bohr. Howard is also the co-founder (1990) of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science and was founding co-editor of its journal, HOPOS. He also writes and teaches on the ethics of science and technology. Co-editor of The Challenge of the Social and the Pressure of Practice: Science and Values Revisited, Howard has led NSF-funded workshops on science and ethics and is currently the lead PI on an NSF-EESE research ethics grant. He has also served as the Secretary of the International Society for Military Ethics. Among his current research interests are ethical and legal issues in cyberconflict and cybersecurity, as well as the ethics of autonomous systems.


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West Town is a bustling little neighborhood just west of downtown Chicago. In this hip area, you'll find everything from great restaurants and coffee shops to trendy nightclubs or vintage stores with unique items for sale- it's not all about one type of thing! There are also art galleries that show off the latest trends in painting and music venues where fans can catch their favorite artist performing live on stage at any given time during day/night if they're feeling adventurous enough.
The boundaries of this community area are the Chicago River to its east, Union Pacific Railroad tracks south and north. The old train route that runs through Bloomingdale Ave forms a natural divide between these two sections, while an irregular western border includes Humboldt Park, which contains many softball fields and some gardens worth checking out.
When you think of a bustling, artistic city in the middle of an exciting metropolis—a place where laidback taprooms are abundant and unique museums can be found around every corner — Chicago is, at first glance, your typical American hub. However, what makes this cultural melting pot so enticing? The answer may surprise many: its eclectic vibe!
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Housing:
West Loop is a community that offers unmatched amenities and style. Whether you're looking for an apartment with concierge services, delivery menus right at your fingertips, or yoga classes on the roof terrace -we've got it all here in our Chicago apartments.
Experience a genuinely unique lifestyle with access to all of the major amenities in one location. West Loop, once a thriving industrial neighborhood in downtown Chicago is now one of the most coveted neighborhoods to live in.
There are various ways to get from West Town, and it doesn't have anyone's favorite! You can take the bus or subway- either will get you where we're going in no time at all.
The Kennedy Expressway provides easy access from Chicago's southeast corner up north through Northwest Indiana! Four stops on CTA Blue Line serve as stepping stones into O'Hare International Airport or one of America's greatest cities.
The public transportation system for homeowners living in West town provides easy access across multiple modes of commute, including biking or walking along with buses that run every few minutes during rush hour.
West Town Chicago is a great place to be if you want to access the city's most popular attractions. From Navy Pier, which has tons of shops and excellent restaurants galore, all transportation options can take passengers right into downtown, including US Bank Center, where they'll find plenty more shopping opportunities as well.
Things to visit & do:
Chicago Avenue is the heart of West Town, Chicago. It's a popular destination for locals and tourists alike with its eclectic mix of restaurants from traditional Midwest comfort food to more innovative concepts such as Forbidden Root's first botanic brewery in America or Funkenhausen, which features German-Southern fusion cuisine complementing their selection Oberg Scale 16 oz beers on tap! Then there are places like Beatnik where you can find Boho attire alongside your meal while enjoying live jazz music performed by guest musicians every night.
The Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art is a hidden gem that showcases the work of self-taught artists outside the mainstream. Ordering their whole alligator roast will make you feel like royalty in this unique art exhibit! Take an old building with history at AIRE Ancient Baths; there's also some great shopping nearby if your taste runs more towards cowboys than high fashion.
Head to one of the many excellent salvage shops in Chicago, like Urban Remains and Salvage One. If you're looking for some new brews, head over To Burnt City Brewery or On Tour Brewing Company - they have tons of different tastes! And catch a show at The Empty Bottle; it's known as an iconic venue that showcases local talent while bringing touring acts into town too!
East Humboldt Park is a 104-block area that includes the western side of Chicago's West Town neighborhood. boundaries are Western Ave., North Ave., and Halsted St.; it distinguished itself from its larger neighbor by being named after an international park rather than just one within city limits.
The Ukrainian Village is a Chicago neighborhood located just west of downtown and south of Wicker Park. Its boundaries are Division Street to the north, Grand Avenue on one side, which bounds it quickly with Damen Ave. Western avenue also provides something more industrial while allowing for some open land in between them before reaching into residential homes across this area.
West Town residents are assigned to schools in the Chicago Public Schools. These comprehensive high schools located within this community nclude Clemente High School and the Wells Community Academy Hightop campus.
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840 W Grand Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60642
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2113 W Concord Place, Chicago, IL, 60647
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1845 W OHIO Street, Chicago, IL, 60622
2021 W Saint PAUL Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60647
904 N California Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60622
1214 N Wood Street #301, Chicago, IL, 60622
731 N ELIZABETH Street, Chicago, IL, 60642
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1342 W Chestnut Street PH01, Chicago, IL, 60642
1948 W Grand Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60622
2050 W Wabansia Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60647
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2649 W Rice Street, Chicago, IL, 60622
602 N May Street #3, Chicago, IL, 60642
Listings in this area:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Philadelphia sports fans are on a roller coaster ride.
The 76ers clinched the final playoff spot in the NBA's Eastern Conference by beating the Nets on Monday. The game also marked the Nets' final game in New Jersey. They move to Brooklyn NY next season.
The Eagles are studying film and workout reports, getting ready for Thursday's NFL Draft in New York City.
The Phillies...well, the Phillies return from the West Coast on Friday.
And the Flyers are waiting to find out which team they will face in the conference semifinals of the Stanley Cup Playoffs after dispatching the Pittsburgh Penguins in six games. Many thought the Penguins were one of the serious challengers to win The Cup.
Steve Coates is waiting, too. The Egg Harbor Township resident has been part of Flyers hockey, it seems, forever. His hockey knowledge and large personality make him one of the most recognizable and popular people in the Flyers organization. Add to that his reserved stool at DiOrio's in Somers Point and his face on a billboard down Mays Landing Road promoting his 26 years as a member at Greate Bay, and you have one of the area's superb sports personalities.
And one of hockey's most interesting analysts.
The Flyers are waiting for three other series to end to determine their next opponent. There are six possibilities, the only team they could not meet in the next round is the defending champion Boston Bruins. The NHL has this unusual format that re-seeds the remaining teams after the first round.
"Right now the Flyers could play almost anybody," Coates said on Monday.
Is there a team he'd like them to face?
Coates is not concerned about a high-energy, emotional series like the one with Pittsburgh causing any letdown by the Flyers.
Is that something Coates might have predicted during the season?
The Flyers are the bright light for Philly sports fans right now. And nobody can bring that light into focus better than Steve Coates.
By the way, there has been a development relative to the discussion in this space last week.
The United States Postal Service announced that on July 20 it will issue four stamps as a tribute to Major League Baseball. The First Day Issues, each one featuring an image of a former major leaguer, will be issued in Cooperstown NY, home of the Baseball Hall of Fame.
The four players on the stamps will be Ted Williams, Joe DiMaggio, Willie Stargell and Larry Doby.
Finally, the guy is getting some of the recognition he deserves for all he did for baseball.


text:
Enda Kenny's Speech
Updated / Tuesday, 15 Mar 2011 17:06
Enda Kenny - Elected as Taoiseach last week
Ireland is facing an economic and social crisis with few parallels in our history.
There are currently over 430,000 people on the Live Register - over 160,000 of whom have been unemployed for more than a year.
We are again facing the prospect of forced emigration - an estimated 2,000 people are set to leave every week over the next two years.
Unsustainable tax and expenditure decisions have undermined the public finances, leaving an expected Exchequer deficit of over €17.5bn in 2011.
A failure of regulation, and irresponsible behaviour in financial institutions, has brought about the effective collapse of our banking system.
International and domestic confidence in the credibility of the State, and its capacity to manage the financial crisis, has been undermined.
The Irish State's own credit worthiness has been lost as a result of the decision to bail out the creditors of private institutions. We are no longer able to borrow at reasonable rates of interest on the open market.
Ireland's reputation - in the European Union and across the World - has been badly damaged.
Programme for National Recovery
Faced with this national emergency, which is the direct result of bad policy decisions and poor leadership, the Irish people voted for change.
Not just a change of faces around the Cabinet table, but a new approach to politics in this country.
In overwhelming numbers, the Irish people voted for Fine Gael and the Labour Party to implement that change.
Based on this strong mandate, the Fine Gael and Labour parties have agreed a Programme for National Recovery.
The Programme is based on a realistic and honest assessment of the crisis facing the country.
The Programme for Government aims to restore confidence in the country, at home and abroad. We will rebuild Ireland's international reputation.
Starting with the St Patrick's Day visits this week, the Government will lead a sustained campaign to restore confidence in the country - as a place to invest, locate a business or visit as a tourist.
The Programme offers hope, particularly to young people who fear for their futures in Ireland. It aims to persuade our best and brightest to stay with us, and help lead the process of change and renewal.
In particular, it places an immediate focus on the jobs crisis.
Within 100 days, we will introduce a Jobs Budget that will help keep our young people at home building the future of their own country.
We will cut the lower rate of VAT. We will halve the lower rate of employers' PRSI. We'll create 15,000 new places in training, work-experience and education, for people out of work.
Through NewERA we will revitalise our national-infrastructure networks - water, energy and broadband - to create thousands of new jobs and increase our competitiveness.
We will set up a Strategic Investment Bank and new mechanisms to deliver credit to small businesses.
We will prioritise building relationships with emerging markets - which hold huge potential for investment and trade in the future.
We will reduce costs for business and support local SMEs to build and grow their businesses, and compete on world markets.
We will put a new focus on venture capital and commercialising research - ensuring innovative ideas translate into new companies and jobs.
We will implement ambitious job creation strategies in each sector - in agri-food, tourism, the IFSC, digital industries, green enterprise, international education and many others.
Public Finances
The Programme for Government re-commits Ireland to solving the fiscal crisis and honouring our sovereign debts.
Closing the gap between tax revenue and expenditure requires painful but necessary decisions over the years ahead.
It's important to emphasise that this gap exists independent of the banking sector - and must be closed if we are to return to the markets at the end of the EU\IMF programme.
We will reduce the gap in a planned way, minimising the impact on the most vulnerable, while retaining incentives for enterprise and work.
We will also establish an independent Fiscal Advisory Council to ensure that the budgetary mistakes of the past decade are never repeated.
EU\IMF Programme of Support
We also need to limit additional taxpayer commitments to the banking sector to levels consistent with Ireland returning to the bond markets at the end of the current EU\IMF programme of support.
The Programme for Government sets out the strategies which we will pursue to secure a solution which is perceived as affordable by both the international markets and the Irish public.
We need to restructure and restore confidence in our banking system, without further damaging the credibility of the Exchequer.
As part of this process, we need to restore Ireland's standing as a respected and influential member of the European Union. The work has already begun.
Last Friday, I attended a meeting of the European Council and of the Heads of State or Government of the eurozone.
On Thursday evening, I met with the President of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso.
We will continue to work with our partners to improve Ireland's situation, including in bettering the terms on which it receives loans from the European Financial Stability Facility, and in securing support to bring the crisis in our banking to a close.
Negotiations are continuing to that end, and it would not be appropriate for me to enter into detail here.
However, I can reassure the House that I will not compromise on our 12.5% corporation tax. As the Programme for Government makes clear, this is a core element of our fiscal strategy.
The Government has a strong mandate from the Irish people for the negotiation strategy we are now pursuing, and I am confident it will deliver an outcome which works for Ireland and for our EU partners.
Relationship with the EU
We also need to bring to an end a situation where the European Union is presented as being over there, and not here in Ireland.
European law is Irish law and, as the elected representatives of the people, it is important that the Oireachtas plays its full part inoverseeing its enactment.
That is why the Programme for Government contains an extensive set of measures to overhaul how European business is handled.
All Committees must play a role in scrutinising EU law as an integral part of their business.
All Ministers will be obliged to appear before their respective Committees, or before the Committee on European Affairs, prior to travelling to Council meetings where decisions are made.
And I will brief the Oireachtas prior to attending meetings of the European Council.
Our system of Government must modernise, adapt to new financial circumstances and start to deliver better services with scarce resources.
We will introduce the most-ambitious programme of reform since the foundation of our State.
We will make the system smaller and more efficient by substantially reducing employee numbers and by changing the way in which work is done.
Frontline staff will be given more power to make decisions and we will bring in new personnel with new ideas to strengthen the Public Service.
We will bring in new skills and rigour into policy-making across all Departments.
There will be increased delegation of budgets and accountability for results at every level of the Public Service with clear consequences for success and failure.
Resources will be put into the hands of citizens to acquire services tailored to better suit their needs and less expensive for the taxpayer.
We will conduct a Comprehensive Spending Review to examine all areas of public spending, and to develop multi-annual budget plans.
We want a more effective, leaner, and high performing Public Service - this is in the interests of citizens and public servants alike.
This will mean empowering our Civil Service whereby the legal responsibility between Ministers and their civil servants is spelled out, and there is greater flexibility and mobility across the entire Public Service.
We intend to use the full potential of the Croke Park Agreement to deliver on these reforms.
We will capture the appetite for change within the Public Service, and ensure that improved service delivery, and organisational efficiency and effectiveness is achieved.
Circumstances have now provided us with a unique opportunity to streamline our Public Service, and to strengthen its performance.
This will be done, and done with renewed urgency under the guidance of the Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform, Brendan Howlin, TD, and Minister of State Brian Hayes, TD.
The credibility of this reform agenda requires politicians to take the lead. We need to change forever the way politics works in this country.
Reform is required to restore trust in politics and politicians. That is why reform will start with politics.
The election of this new Government, which is composed of parties which between them obtained 55.5% of the popular vote on the 25th of February, has brought the composition of the Government into line with the recently-expressed wishes of the people.
It has also given the Government a powerful mandate to introduce fundamental reform in the institutions of the country and in the way they work.
Such reform is essential, to restore trust in politics and in Government.
It is essential for other reasons too - so that the resolution of the fiscal crisis is seen to be carried out as far as possible in a way that protects the most vulnerable people in our society, that maintains and enhances our competitiveness and that puts value for money, efficiency and effectiveness in public spending at the top of the agenda.
Our commitments start with ourselves. We have already reduced our own pay, and we are reforming the system of transport for Ministers.
We will also make sure that political expenses are vouched for and we will axe severance payments for Ministers. No political pensions will be paid to sitting TDs and in future, no retired politician will get a political pension until the national retirement age.
We will further reduce the cost of our political institutions by abolishing the Seanad, if the people approve this in a referendum, and by reducing the number of TDs after the publication of the results of this year's Census.
We are also committed to making the Dáil more effective. For example, the Abbeylara Supreme Court judgement limited the ability of the Dáil Commiittees to investigate crucial issues of public concern.
We intend to bring a referendum before the people to amend the Constitution to give Dáil Committees full powers of investigation.
We will have fewer but stronger Dáil Committees, resourced properly.
We will introduce legislation to apply a radical extension of the parliamentary questions regime to State bodies, and bodies with majority ownership or funding by the State, requiring them to provide answers to written answers within a specified number of Dáil sitting days.
We will of course recognise the special position of bodies with a commercial mandate operating at arm's length from Government.
We will require the CEO of every State-funded body to attend the relevant Committee on a regular basis to answer oral parliamentary questions, on a similar basis to the attendance of Ministers before the full Dáil.
We will legislate to restore the previous position in relation to the Freedom of Information Act, and we will extend the remit of that Act, and of the Ombudsman Act. We will also introduce whistleblowers legislation, and amend the Official Secrets Act.
We will introduce spending limits for all elections, including Presidential elections and constitutional referendums. We will also reduce the limits on political donations to political parties and candidates, and we will require disclosure of all aggregate sums above €1,500 and €600 respectively.
And we will bring forward the necessary legal and constitutional provisions to ban corporate donations to political parties.
Last but by no means least, in addition to bringing forward referendums ourselves we will establish a Constitutional Convention to consider comprehensive constitutional reform, including a review of our Dáil electoral system, reducing the Presidential term, providing for same-sex marriage, removing the clause on women and encouraging greater participation of women in public life, and possibly reducing the voting age.
Although we face difficult times, the Programme will bring equality and fairness back to the heart of Government.
We want a fair society where people trust and have faith in the institutions and services of the State and where those services demonstrably work for them.
We will introduce Universal Health Insurance with equal access to care for all.
Nobody will be left behind - we will ensure universal coverage by paying for those on lower incomes and providing subsidies for those on middle incomes.
Within the term of this Government, we will deliver Universal Primary Care, which will remove fees for GP care, and ensure that patients have access to a wider range of health services and professionals in their local communities.
As we rebuild our economy we are determined to look after those who are most vulnerable ensuring all our people live with dignity.
We will bring forward a realistic implementation plan for the National Disability Strategy including sectoral plans with achievable timescales and targets. We will ensure that money spent on disability services is clearly set out and audited.
Any decent society must value, respect and protect older people. We will complete and implement the National Positive Ageing Strategy to this end.
It is time to bring a renewed focus to tackling poverty, educational disadvantage and social protection.
We know that children remain the group most at risk of poverty in Ireland with over 90,000 children living in families that cannot afford basic necessities like food, warm clothing or heating.
We must break the cycle of poverty. This Government will adopt a new area based approach to child poverty, which draws on best international practice and existing services to tackle every aspect of child poverty.
Targeting educational disadvantage is key to increasing opportunities for future generations of young people. The review of the DEIS programme will provide a platform for new initiatives to deliver better outcomes for students in disadvantaged areas.
We will protect families whose homes are at risk through a combination of new reliefs, existing supports and forbearance measures.
These are tremendous challenges. But my Government is absolutely committed to delivering.
The Irish people have spoken, and their verdict is reflected in the Programme for National Recovery before the House.
The Programme has been agreed by the two largest parties in the Oireachtas, ensuring that we now have a Government capable of strong, stable leadership.
We have a Government with a mandate and willingness to face the hard decisions and offer real leadership to the Irish people.
I am under no illusions about the scale of the challenge ahead. I make no effort to hide the challenges from the Irish people.
As Taoiseach, I will be open and truthful with the Irish people as we tackle these challenges over the next few years.
Because I have great faith in the Irish people - their ingenuity, their passion, their sense of decency, their resilience in the face ofdifficulty, their pride in their country.
I believe that the Programme meets the high standards that the Irish people rightly demand of their Government.
I commend the Programme for Government to the House.


text:
Q: Custom ajax add to cart buttons I'm trying this code to work with ajax add to cart handler but I not able to. :(
I have infos from this post Woocommerce - Product Page - How to create AJAX on "Add To Cart" button? and this Add ajax to add to cart buttons and prevent the page reload
I try to work with the ajax_add_to_cart add_to_cart_button class but I think i totally miss something here...
add_action( 'woocommerce_after_add_to_cart_button', 'additional_simple_add_to_cart', 20 );
function additional_simple_add_to_cart() {

    global $product;

    // Only for simple product type
    if( ! $product->is_type('simple') ) return;

        // Only for products from category "bier" AND/OR "Cider"
        if ( has_term( array('bier', 'cider', 'getraenke'), 'product_cat', $product->get_id() ) ) {

        // Open parent layout wrapper
        echo '
';

        // Open child left layout wrapper
        echo '
';

            // Only display when more than 6 are available
            if( $product->get_stock_quantity() >= 6 ) {

                $href = '?add-to-cart=' . esc_attr( $product->get_id() ) . '&quantity=6';
                $class = 'single_add_to_cart_button-6 button alt';
                $style = 'display: inline-block; margin-top: 12px;';
                $button_text = __( "6er Pack", "woocommerce" );

                // Output add to cart button
                echo ''.$button_text.'';

            }

            else {
                echo '6er Pack
(Ausverkauft)
';
            }

            // Close child left layout wrapper
            echo '
';

            // Open child right layout wrapper
            echo '
';

            // Only display when more than 12 are available
            if( $product->get_stock_quantity() >= 12 ) {

                $href = '?add-to-cart=' . esc_attr( $product->get_id() ) . '&quantity=12';
                $class = 'single_add_to_cart_button-12 button alt';
                $style = 'display: inline-block; margin-top: 12px;';
                $button_text = __( "12er Pack", "woocommerce" );

                // Output add to cart button
                echo ''.$button_text.'';

            }

            else {
                echo '12er Pack
(Ausverkauft)
';
            }

            // Close child right layout wrapper
            echo '
';

            // Close parent layout wrapper
            echo '
';

            // Open wrapper shipping info
            echo '
';

            // Tsting link to vendor
            global $product;
            $seller = get_post_field( 'post_author', $product->get_id());
            $author  = get_user_by( 'id', $seller );
            $vendor = dokan()->vendor->get( $seller );

            $store_info = dokan_get_store_info( $author->ID );

            if ( !empty( $store_info['store_name'] ) ) {

            // Output Vendor link
            printf( 'Mehr von %s', $vendor->get_shop_url(),  $vendor->get_shop_name() );

            // Output shipping Info
            // Do something

            }

            // Close wrapper shipping info
            echo '
';
        }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Fiberoptic Distribution Amplifier receives a single optical input and transmits from 2 to 8 identical optical outputs to deliver a cost-effective upgrade path.
The TSC 4340A takes all timing signals-RF signals, serial time codes and pulsed outputs-received on a single fiber by as many as four Time Code Translators (TCTs) at remote locations and adds the ability to expand system outputs as needed. Customers starting out with a minimal configuration system can readily add functionality-in the form of additional Time Code Translators with accompanying output modules-as organizational needs and budgets increase. Up to eight fiber transceivers can be installed in each fiber optic distribution amplifier.
Microsemi's TSC 4340A fiber optic distribution amplifier provides a cost effective upgrade path, enabling networks to multiply the output from one UTCG to 8. For example, a Fiberoptic Distribution Amplifier with one input transceiver and 8 output transceivers can multiply one output to eight. In this scenario, the customer can add 32 fiber optic outputs to the system by adding four expansion chassis. By adding one more distribution level, the number of fiber optic outputs and potential TCTs in the system can increase to at least 256.
Upgrading is as easy as adding hardware. No configuration is necessary. Hot Swappable Reconfiguration The TSC 4340A includes hot swap SFP sockets for fiber optic transceivers to provide easy expansion or transceiver replacement for different networks. An AC or DC hot swap redundant supply can be ordered with the unit.


Based in Brevard County, Florida but serving the entire United States.
We prefer to keep it local. We don't want you to think you are just a number or an operator across the globe. If that's what you want, we are happy to oblige. However, we love the relationship with our clients, the ability to put a face with a name, and we love supporting local small businesses.
Have a question or need to contact us? Send us a message below, contact us via Social Media, or give us a call. We are here to help you not matter what your request.


I recently wrote a post about five easy ways to show someone that you care on World Kindness Day, which was Friday 13 November this year. Without getting embroiled in political debate, it turned out that we needed kindness more than ever on Friday 13 this year. But I am also a staunch believer that it's important to practise a little bit of self-care every so often. You can spend so much time running from one occasion to another (grabbing a glass of wine as you go) that you end up feeling burnt out and a bit blue. So I thought I'd share some of my top tips for giving my body, mind and soul some extra TLC.
I try to devote a couple of hours every Sunday to a bit of hair and body care. While I let the shower heat up, I soak a face cloth in warm water and hold it against my face before massaging in a detoxifying face mask. My current favourite is the Origins Clear Improvement Charcoal Mask – but make sure you let it dry off completely before getting into the shower otherwise it doesn't work!
Once in the shower, I'll whack on an intensifying hair mask. At the moment I'm using a L'Oreal Elvive one that's meant to stop your hair shedding (as mine decided to do about six months ago) but I'm not overly impressed with it. If anyone has any tips for a good hair mask, I'm all ears! Rinse the hair mask off, lather up some delicious smelling shower gel and I'm done! Once I'm out, I slather a buttery body lotion over my entire body and I honestly feel so relaxed it's ridiculous.
Once my body is cared for, it's the perfect time to focus on my mind.
Our minds (hopefully) get a hell of a workout throughout the week. We spend a lot of time thinking, stressing, worrying, starting at screens and working to deadlines. The weekend is the perfect time to switch the brain off and reboot before the week ahead. I love to treat myself to a cup of tea and curl up with a good book. Luckily for me, I got sent a box full of goodies from Cotton Traders that meant I could do just that this weekend. And it combined with my birthday! Double win.
So I tugged on the cosy bed socks, whipped up a Whittards mug of tea and got stuck into a good book.
The great thing about kindness is that it is self-multiplying. The kinder you are to others, the better you feel about yourself and the kinder you want to be to yourself. And by looking after yourself, the more you feel like you can share the kindness with others. It's a wonderful cycle of love that just keeps going round and round! Being kind to yourself is good for the soul.
Let me know how you're relaxing this Sunday and we can share our top relaxation tips with each other – spread the love!
Post written in collaboration with Cotton Traders. Thank you to them for the winter care package.
It's definitely not selfish – very true. It's needed for a bit of sanity every now and then!
Thanks Liza! I agree, I love my Sunday ritual. Even though I haven't quite managed it today… It's so easy to forget to care for yourself.


"Encounter" is just that, coming together to worship God, to experience his presence and have a face-to-face encounter with him. We meet at 6pm to enable families to come together. Are you hungry for an encounter with Daddy God? Come! Everyone is welcome!
Meeting at the Church Office, Unit 5a, 40 Coldharbour Lane, Harpenden, AL5 4UN.


text:
Benny and Omar
By Eoin Colfer
Moving to Tunisia is a real eye-opener for a young Wexford hurling fan. Eoin Colfer's hilarious debut novel.
IBbY Honour List 2002 - 2002
- Winner
Category: Accelerated Reader - Middle Years, Children's fiction
Themes: Humour, Family Relationships, Friendships, Difference, prejudice, intolerance, Cultural Diversity, Other People and Lands
Download Chapter One: Where?
The hilarious debut novel from one of the world's favourite children's authors. Benny Shaw, a young sporting fanatic, is forced to leave his beloved Wexford, home of all his heroes, and move with his family to Tunisia! How will he survive in a place like this? Then he teams up with Omar, and a madcap friendship between the two boys leads to trouble, crazy escapades, a unique way of communicating, and heartbreaking challenges.
EOIN COLFER is the one of the world's favourite children's authors, and has written the international bestselling Artemis Fowl books. A former schoolteacher, Eoin lives in Wexford with his wife Jackie and sons Finn and Seán. He has worked in Saudi Arabia, Tunisia and Italy, as well as in Ireland. Eoin is very involved in theatre and has written several plays, which have been staged in various parts of Ireland.
His first novel, Benny and Omar, was published by The O'Brien Press in October 1998 and was an immediate bestseller. It was applauded by critics because of its comic genius. International recognition soon followed with several translations published. His second book, Benny and Babe, was published in June 1999. It became a No 1 bestseller in Ireland, knocking the famous Harry Potter out of the top spot in the Bestseller List! The Wish List is the story of Meg Finn, a young teenager who dies, but is too good for Hell and too bad for Heaven. Back on earth she has a chance of salvation if she can fulfil the Wish List of pensioner Lowrie. Mission impossible for Meg?
Eoin's writing style is incredibly diverse as he has also written for the younger readers in the O'Brien Flyers series. For the series, which is aimed at 6+ readers, he has created the wonderful character of Ed Cooper, whose misadventures appear in Going Potty, Ed's Funny Feet and Ed's Bed.
Eoin has his own website with lots of information about his books.
the debut novel from the author of the much-loved Artemis Fowl … hilarious … a fascinating story about life in a totally different culture, full of fun and mayhem
a great friendship story
Mad About Books
'Hilarious -- there is hardly a page which will not have a reader laughing aloud'
'I thought this book was brilliant. It is definitely a 'One to read' ... I would give this book 9 out of 10. If you want to improve your vocabulary read this book. It is one of the best books I've ever read.'
Sixth-class reviewer - Wicklow People
'Colfer smoothly layers adventure, moments of poignancy and subtle social commentary and his comic timing is pitch-perfect'
Listed in the 'Top ten essential books for every family'
Sunday Business Post
'Eoin Colfer has a very cool line in storytelling.'
RTE Guide
Eoin Colfer talks about his first books
Eoin explains where the character of Benny Shaw came from.
Download RBFS: Teaching ideas for sixth class from O'Brien Reading Programme
Download Teaching Guides: Teaching guide to the novel by Irene Barber
Australian edition cover
British cover
Danish edition cover
German edition cover
Hebrew edition cover
Italian edition cover
Italian cover: second edition
Lithuanian edition (hardback) cover
Polish edition cover
Spanish paperback edition cover
Spanish hardback edition cover
US edition cover
Second O'Brien Press cover
Original O'Brien Press cover
Rights Held: World, all languages
Rights Sold: Australia, Canada, Danish, England, German, Hebrew, Italian, Lithuanian, New Zealand, Polish, United Kingdom, United States, Audio
Also by Eoin Colfer:


DatingAdvice Forum | How do girls like to be approached at events/festivals?
How do girls like to be approached at events/festivals?
For example, I'm in a crowd full of thousands and I notice this girl is eyeing me nearby. How do you think she would like to be approached by me? What kinds of things should I start by saying to her? If I'm trying to find someone to dance with/ hang out with for the duration of the event. I'm not trying to be the creeper guy constantly going around bugging girls. But often I do notice girls checking me out and I just kind of leave it at that. So what should I say first? How should I approach these situations?
You could just go up to her and say hi, how do you like the event/festival. After she replies if she still maintains eye contact I'd say that's a good sign and then you can introduce yourself say by the way my name is … and then hopefully she does as well. Also, try and see who she's there with just in case she has a bf.


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mining rock phosphate and dap expansion in saudi arabia
Saudi Arabia's metals and mining sector is preparing for rapid expansion in accordance with Vison 2030 objectiv As the nation embarks on its journey to diversify from oil and gas, the role of the metals and mining sector is to gain increasing importance.
Phosphate Fertilizer
Phosphate Fertilizer - DAP, MAP, TSP & SSP Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP), Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) and Single Super Phosphate (SSP) fertilizers, derived from naturally occurring phosphate ore, are the most widely used products for delivery of the essential plant nutrient phosphorous (P) to the soil.
Saudi Maaden Reopens Phosphate, Ammonia Plants
May 19, 2013· Maaden Phosphate Co (MPC) has restarted a diammonium phosphate plant (DAP) in Saudi Arabia after repairing the ammonia plant that feeds it.
Phosphate: Morocco's White Gold
Nov 04, 2010· James Prokopanko, chief executive officer of Plymouth (Minn)-based fertilizer giant Mosaic (MOS), has called Morocco the Saudi Arabia of phosphate, with all.
Definition Phosphorus, in the form of phosphate (a salt of phosphoric acid) is mined from naturally occurring mineral deposits (phosphate rock) that were once sediments at the bottom of ancient seas Comments Rock phosphate is the raw material used in the manufacture of most commercial phosphate.
saudi arabia phosphate
saudi arabia phosphate saudi arabia phosphate First DAP Produced by Mosaic's Joint Venture in Saudi Arabia August 22, 2017 ShareThis Four years ago, we announced our joint venture in Saudi Arabia, the Ma'aden Wa'ad Al Shamal Phosphate Company (MWSPC).
Saudi Ma'aden seen ramping up phosphate output from Waad
Nov 24, 2016· Saudi Arabian Mining Co (Ma'aden) will ramp up production of phosphate from its new Waad al-Shamal facility by mid-2017, its chief executive said, as.
Saudi Arabia, Mining
Overview Saudi Arabia, in its Sixth Five Year Plan, has established a goal of 9 percent, per annum, growth in the mining sector The private sector, which to date has invested $453 million in the development of this sector is expected to lead the way in developing resourc.
Ras Al-Khair
Industry The new city, RAZMIC (Ras Al Zour Mineral Industrial City), is planned to exploit the mineral deposites of phosphate and bauxite found within Saudi Arabia Therefore, a di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) plant will be built, an aluminium smelter, an aluminium rolling mill, an ammonia plant, an alumina refinery and facilities to produce phosphoric and sulphuric ac.
Maaden Rock Phosphate Deposits
Mining Rock Phosphate And Dap Expansion In Saudi Arabia Diammonium Phosphate ( DAP ) Production from Saudi Saudi Arabian Phosphate Deposits As a result of this the Tethys sea, Saudi Arabia hosts some of the largest, but undeveloped, phosphate rock deposits in Deposite of phosphate minerals in ksa sgpjeo.
Saudi Arabia produces 44% of GCC's natural gas
Saudi Arabia's fertilizer products portfolio consists of ammonia (26 percent), urea (28 percent), and diammonium phosphate (DAP)/MAP (22 percent) The country hosts one of the largest known but undeveloped phosphate rock deposits in the world, spread across.
How phosphates feed the world
Jan 18, 2018· Production is on the rise, with the largest increases in the next four years expected to be in Saudi Arabia and Morocco Saudi Arabia has hundreds-of-years of reserves in the desert that are now being developed The country has constructed an 800-mile-long railroad to move the phosphate it extracts to new chemical processing plants on the.
Feed phosphate prices could slide on Saudi firm expansion
Feed phosphate prices could slide on Saudi firm expansion , "Low-cost phosphate production in Saudi Arabia combined with geographic proximity will improve Mosaic , well in terms of a growth strategy given the long and complex process that is involved in obtaining new phosphate rock mining permits in Florida IFP expansion plans.
Saudi mining hub plays key role in kingdom's industrial
Jun 02, 2016· * Mining expansion is pillar of economic reform scheme , Mining in Saudi Arabia was neglected for decades, apart from some small-scale gold extraction , Ma'aden has a diammonia phosphate.
Phosphate Fertilizers
Saudi Arabia: Phosphate Expansion April 26, 2012 at 05:18 ( Fertilizers , Industrial Phosphates , Phosphate Fertilizers ) The Saudi state-controlled company Saudi Arabian Mining Co, known as Ma'aden, obtained government approval to proceed with a $7 billion phosphate.
Saudi mining hub plays key role in kingdom's industrial dream
Jun 02, 2016· * Mining expansion is pillar of economic reform scheme , Mining in Saudi Arabia was neglected for decades, apart from some small-scale gold extraction , Ma'aden has a diammonia phosphate (DAP.
Saudi Arabia: Ma'aden, Mosaic, Sabic Plan a USD7 Billion
Apr 01, 2013· Joint stock company Saudi Arabian Mining Co (MAADEN), Plymouth, Minnesota-based Mosaic Co (MOS) and Saudi Basic Industries Corp (SABIC) agreed to form a seven billion dollars joint venture to mine phosphate rock and process it into fertilizer Ma'aden, will hold a 60 percent stake in the venture and Mosaic, the world's largest producer of phosphate.
New phosphate rock mine planned
Apr 02, 2012· "Currently, there are major projects carried out in Morocco, Peru, Saudi Arabia and Russia that will bring new mining and processing capacity for phosphate rock.
World Phosphate Rock Reserves and Resources
Resources as unprocessed phosphate rock of varying grades or concentrate c Including hypothetical resources based on the area limits of the deposits, Morocco resources may be about 340,000 mmt d Includes data from Algeria, Finland, Peru and Saudi Arabia (Al-Jalamid) e Includes data from Algeria, Angola, Finland, Kazakhstan, Peru and Saudi.
Jordan Phosphate Mines
Jordan Phosphate Mines (JPMC) is a mining company based in Amman, Jordan The company operates 3 mining facilities in Jordan and a chemical manufacturing complex in Aqaba The company is listed on the Amman Stock Exchange's ASE Weighted Index as "JOPH".
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