I attended a very exciting meeting this week. It was a meeting of the Home Missions Committee of Classis Alberta North. (I happen to chair this committee of our regional body of Christian Reformed churches).
What made the meeting exciting is that we discussed Bethel's plans for a possible Fort Saskatchewan church plant and the strong indications our church has given that we plan to go ahead with it. Bethel's willingness to step out and start a new church has been a real source of encouragement to the Home Missions Team. I am sure that it will come as great inspiration for all of the churches in our area when we reveal the progress of our discussions at our upcoming March meeting.
In the past, I did not spend a lot of time thinking about the neighboring Christian Reformed Churches near where I lived and served. I didn't want to get mired in the cumbersome procedures that church government sometimes entails. I tended to focus on my own church and the multi-denomination fellowship of evangelical churches in my city.
So, I was quite surprised, shortly after arriving at Bethel Church, to sense that the Lord was leading me to love and invest in the nearby denominational churches. In the course of loving these sister churches, I have come to appreciate them more. I am also becoming more and more confident that God can do good things among us as we work together.
That is why I was so excited at the recent Home Missions meeting I attended. Good things are happening. One of those things is that our classis has committed itself to planting many new churches. They budget annually for this and many churches are even taking extra collections to support the effort. How thrilling that Bethel Church is at the very center of this hopeful new wind that is blowing in our region!
For Pastor's Corner this week I want to give an update of what is happening in our small group & house church ministry.
The Reveal survey showed us last year that we had a strong need for renewal in our small groups at Bethel. In September, the challenge was given to create new missional home gatherings called "House Churches" to revitalize our small group ministry. These groups are similar to small groups but they seek to embody the whole mission of the church found in Acts 2:42-47 which includes worshiping together and reaching out. Pastor Victor Ko from MosaicHouse church came to our small group kick-off banquet and shared the vision. Our goal was to have 5 new House Churches at Bethel by the summer. I am pleased to report that we now have 7 active House Churches with 2 potential start-ups in the spring. In addition to Bethel, I shared the vision of House Church with churches leaders from around Northern AB at Renewal Labs, and now two others churches in Classis have joined in! God is doing more than we asked for or imagined and it is very fun to watch! In these House Churches believers are actively praying for and serving their family members and friends who are yet to have a relationship with Jesus!
The energy and growth is not just being felt in these new House Churches at Bethel; our existing small groups have been going noticeably deeper. After a round of interviews with almost all of our small groups leaders, we discovered that groups have taken steps to go deeper. A number of groups reported worshiping through song together for the first time. Others spoke of more intentional prayer practices.
I have mentioned all of the small group/House Church growth, and that is not even taking into account the fruit from Alpha groups either! It is clear that God's Spirit is working in Bethel! He is revitalizing and creating new opportunities for community, discipleship and mission.


text:
Boston's Best Live Music Venues
by Kane September 23, 2020 October 2, 2020
There have never been more options for live music entertainment in Boston than today. From waterfront stadiums to intimate and unique parlors, Boston's rich musical tradition as one of the hubs of the east coast circuit is now known the world over. & With these venues as their home, fans keep coming back to experience music history for all ages and interests. Whichever side of the river you find yourself on, there are numerous venues to suit your tastes and mood and this list has them all.
Address: 52 Church St. Cambridge, Ma 02138
Website: www.sinclaircambridge.com/
One of the Boston area's newest venues, The Sinclair in Cambridge is the fan favorite, known for sleek vibes, multiple accessible bars & an amazing sound system. The Sinclair hosts the best acts in an environment suited for crowd surfing or a casual night out in historic Harvard Square. Early for the show? The Sinclair kitchen offers a delicious eclectic menu with handcrafted cocktails while the bands load in & excitement brims.
Address: 15 Landsdowne St. Boston, Ma 02215
Website: http://www.houseofblues.com/boston
Boston's rendition of the national concert hall chain, The House of Blues is massive, beautiful and attracts the hottest stars and legends of the national and international music scenes. Located right across the street from Fenway Park, this venue is easy to access via public transportation & keeps music lovers and tourists of all types coming back to experience unforgettable performances. From country, pop, rock & dance nights, the House of Blues is music in Boston & even has a lounge area & restaurant to please a diverse array of concert goers.
Once Ballroom
Address: 156 Highland Ave Somerville, Ma 02143
Website: https://www.oncesomerville.com/
The best of Boston's independent music venues, ONCE Ballroom & Lounge in Somerville is the best local spot & attracts fans & musical acts from around the world. Set in a retro & ornate theme, ONCE's friendly staff and welcoming atmosphere is as charming as the top-shelf talent they attract. Packing the house most nights of the week, catch some of your favorite acts or discover your next favorite band in a remarkable venue. ONCE doubles as a lounge with a relaxed setting that overlooks the concert for the best of both experiences.
Address: 1340, 1353 Cambridge St. Cambridge, Ma 02139
Website: https://www.lilypadinman.com/
On the Somerville & Cambridge border in charming Inman Square, The Lilypad is unique & intimate. The interior of The Lilypad is painted with a colorful mural, complimenting intimate jazz performances & the many eclectic welcoming troubadours Boston has to offer. As an all-ages, artist run performance space that also serves beer and wine is, The Lilypad is not to be missed for any music lover. The Lilypad is the soul of the Inman Square neighborhood and will continue to serenade locals and travelers alike with its soulful feel.
Address: 279 Tremont St. Boston, Ma 02116
Website: https://royaleboston.com/
In the heart of Downtown Boston, The Royale is a dancehall and music venue that hosts the world's best EDM musicians as well as other top-notch artists whose main goal is to make you dance & make the most of your stay in Boston. Once through the simple façade, The Royale opens into an ornate mezzanine that leads to a massive modern concert hall that compliments any musical style. Easy to access via public transportation, there are numerous other venues; restaurants and attractions to enjoy while you wait for you an extraordinary show to start.
Address: 1222 Commonwealth Ave Boston, Ma 02134
Website: https://www.greatscottboston.com/
Great Scott is the top local venue for the most remarkable talent Boston has to offer. Regularly hosting the top R&B, rock & alternative musicians in a homey late night décor fit with an outdoor patio & an extensive beer & cocktail list. Great Scott, located in Boston's Allston-Brighton neighborhood right near Brighton Music Hall, these two venues continue to entertain legions of fans, young & old with music to appeal to a wide audience in an atmosphere that compliments Boston's small town vibe even as the city rises to world class acclaim, Great Scott is always there for an encore.
Address: 967 Commonwealth Ave Boston, Ma 02215
Website: http://www.paradiserock.club/
A mainstay of the Boston scene, The Paradise Rock Club is most famous for jumpstarting the career of U2. Now the bedrock of the East Coast Circuit, The Paradise continues to book the best artists & musicians. Located on Commonwealth Avenue near the Boston University Campus, while the line queue's under the marquis, visit in your ear, a record store warehouse in a basement a few doors down as The Paradise continues to bring the next generation of fans through its doors.
Brighton Music Hall
Address: 158 Brighton Ave Allston, Ma 02134
Website: http://events.crossroadspresents.com/venues/brighton-music-hall
A mid-size venue in a larger than life neighborhood of Allston-Brighton, this is where music lives and grows in Boston. For a vivid & intimate experience of world renowned performers, Brighton Music Hall hosts your favorite acts, and even your next favorites located in a diverse arts districts. The streets are line with world-class shops, restaurants & bars, as well as Boston's famous brownstone apartment buildings. Brighton Music Hall is all of the Boston experience at an affordable price.
Blue Hills Bank Pavilion
Address: 290 Northern Ave Boston, Ma 02210
Website: http://www.bostonpavilion.net/
Located in Boston's up and coming Seaport district, The Blue Hills Bank Pavilion is a waterfront stadium, which during the warmer months, entertains enormous audiences with can't-miss performers. The highest tier of concert experiences, this venue provides an amazing time for any budget and style. Before the show take in the views of Boston's waterfront with your friends or a date while getting the best Boston nightlife has to offer.
The Middle East/ Sonia
Address: 472-480 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Ma 02139
Website: http://www.mideastoffers.com/
One of Boston's historic & independent venues, The Middle East is five or six show spaces in one, complete with a Mediterranean restaurant & an outdoor patio. Located in the heart of The Central Square Cultural District, this venue has been the soul of Cambridge since the late eighties & now hosts comedy, dance nights as well as a steady stream of the top & newest hip hop, electronic and indie-alternative acts. Stop by for grape leaves, a night of karaoke or to try your hand at stand up comedy, you will always be welcome.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Richard Shipps is a Chicago-based multi-discipline artist currently working primarily in cut paper abstractions. His expressions also are realized through drawings, sculpture, painting, and kinetic mobiles. His current studio is located on the first floor of the historic Deagan Building in the Ravenswood Industrial Corridor.
"My work looks at shadow as light, and light as shadow, revealing imagery in both positive and negative space in a framework of changing references.


text:
Q: Problems sending emails in post save signal in Django I'm trying to send a email after save some model in a post_save signal but when I save the model by first time the email is not sent, if I save the model a second time the email is sent.
Notes
The model has a ManyToMany field so I can't use pre_save signal because it throws a error: <mymodel: mymodel_name object (None)>" needs to have a value for field "id" before this many-to-many relationship can be used.
What I have
Model
class Message(TimeStampedModel, models.Model):
    """Representation of a Message."""

    recipients = models.ManyToManyField(
        to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, verbose_name=_("Recipients")
    )
    subject = models.CharField(
        verbose_name=_("Subject"),
        help_text=_(
            "150 numbers / letters or fewer. Only letters and numbers are allowed."
        ),
        max_length=150,
        validators=[alphabets_accents_and_numbers],
    )
    content = models.TextField(verbose_name=_("Message"))

Signal
@receiver(signal=post_save, sender=Message)
def send_message(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    """Send a email or Whatsapp if a new message is created."""
    recipient_emails = [recipient.email for recipient in instance.recipients.all()]
    attachments = []
    if instance.messagefile_set:
        for message_file in instance.messagefile_set.all():
            attachments.append((message_file.file.name, message_file.file.read()))
    send_mails(
        subject=instance.subject,
        message=instance.content,
        recipient_list=recipient_emails,
        attachments=attachments,
    )

Send mail wrapper to send emails
This is the function used in the signal to send emails.
def send_mails(
    subject: str,
    message: str,
    recipient_list: List[str],
    from_email: Optional[str] = None,
    **kwargs,
) -> int:
    """Wrapper around Django's EmailMessage done in send_mail().
    Custom from_email handling and special Auto-Submitted header.
    """
    if not from_email:
        if hasattr(settings, "DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL"):
            from_email = settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
        else:
            from_email = "webmaster@localhost"
    connection = kwargs.get("connection", False) or get_connection(
        username=kwargs.get("auth_user", None),
        password=kwargs.get("auth_password", None),
        fail_silently=kwargs.get("fail_silently", None),
    )
    multi_alt_kwargs = {
        "connection": connection,
        "headers": {"Auto-Submitted": "auto-generated"},
    }
    mail = EmailMessage(
        subject=subject,
        body=message,
        from_email=from_email,
        to=recipient_list,
        **multi_alt_kwargs,
    )
    attachments = kwargs.get("attachments", None)
    if attachments:
        for attachment in attachments:
            if isinstance(attachment, MIMEBase):
                mail.attach(attachment)
            else:
                mail.attach(*attachment)
    return mail.send()

A: At the time you create the Message, and immediately after you create (not update) the Message (so when the post_save signal is called), all ManyToManyFields are empty, as well as the reverse of all ForeignKeys). This makes sense since before you can create a many-to-many relation between two records, these records need to be saved to the database, otherwise these records do not have a primary key, and thus these can not be linked.
I would advise not to use signals for this. Strictly speaking, you could try to work with an m2m_changed signal [Django-doc], like:
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from django.db.models.signals import m2m_changed

def recipient_added(sender, instance, action, pk_set, **kwargs):
    if action == 'post_add':
        recipient_emails = list(get_user_model().objects.filter(pk__in=pk_set))

'm2m_changed'.connect(recipient_added, sender=Message.recipients.through)

But nevertheless, now it is possible that the messagefile_set is saved later, and we thus still have a problem.
I would advise to encapsulate the logic of sending emails in a function, and then call that function in the view after the object was created.
So if you for example have a view with a MessageForm:
def send_message(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = MessageForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if form.is_valid():
            message = form.save()
            send_messages(message)

Here the form will not only save the object, but also the many-to-many fields it handles. So after form.save() then saving of the object is completely finished.
In the ModelAdmin you can make use of the save_related method [Django-doc]:
from django.contrib import admin

class MessageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    def save_related(self, request, form, formsets, change):
        super().save_related(request, form, formsets, change)
        send_mail(form.instance)

You can of course alter it. It is important to first call the .save_related() super method, since that will call the form.save() that will again handle the many-to-many relation, etc.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Have you ever made an ETH transaction, whether it was buying, selling, or trading? Usually, fees may run you as high as 5% for some exchanges, although I have come across traders who have complained about sometimes paying 10% during peak times.
But I absolutely bet you've never heard of someone paying 23,000 times as much in fees as their transaction…… until now.
Recent transactions have been discovered on the Ethereum blockchain that shows a transaction for 0.1 Ether, valued at approximately $14.80 at the time the transaction was sent by paying 2,100 ETH in fees. That's $302,000 in fees!!!!
This sent the Ethereum community WILD, many thinking the transaction was done by mistake or the amount was misread. But really how do you eve end up paying that amount anyway? So essentially that spiked users of the community to go down the infamous "rabbit hole", only to discover that this transaction was not the only one of its kind. Honestly, I don't know how we missed those in the past. The same wallet address sent 0.170000000000000002 ETH or roughly $24, for a total of 3990.00000000000004 ETH in fees. That's nearly $575,000 at today's prices. Whoa, big baller alert! Talk about the most inefficient transaction of all time. I thought the APR on my Amazon card was bad.
Now, speculator think this may be tied to some odd money laundering method because let's be honest, why are you fees SOOOO much more than the amount you're transferring?
that's money laundering. You do not broadcast this tx, you mine the block with this tx yourself. Once the block is included in the blockchain it is no longer dirty stinky stolen ether. It is honest miner income.
Because the transaction was not publicly broadcasted like transactions typically are, it suggests that there was some form of money laundering involved portrayed to look as "honest miner income".
Logically when evaluating this case, money laundering is very possible because the transactions are coming from the same wallet address and being mined without public broadcast at an astronomical rate. One thing is for sure; whoever it is, is one wealthy "miner".
I'm glad you posted this Annalese. I actually sent a link about this story, on BNT, to Timothy. I though it would make a great "mention" on DC. How can one get away with NOT BROADCASTING? I don't know blockchain we'll enough to know, but I thought all transactions HAD to be broadcasted. Understandably, this was probably a crook (for lack of a more friendly word, 😂) but how do you think they were able to not broadcast? Just wondering about any theories y'all may have.
"When a miner creates a block, he can put whatever transactions into that block that he likes, including his own1.
However, creating the block locally and populating it with transactions, and then successfully mining it, are two different things.
For the block to be mined it must contain a valid proof of work, which proves to the network that the node has solved a computationally difficult problem. The difficulty of this problem is in no way related to the transactions the miner has decided to put into the block. It isn't any easier to mine a block containing your own transactions – the difficulty comes from elsewhere.


text: To protect your privacy Landream follows the 10 National Privacy Principles. The principles deal with how we collect and handle your personal information. They are set out in the Privacy Act 1988. Go to http://www.privacy.gov.au/law/act/npp for more information about the National Privacy Principles. We only use personal information for the purposes for which it was given to us, or for purposes which are directly related to one of our functions or activities.


text:
COVID-19 Will Hasten the Decline of Small Law Firms
May 27, 2020 /0 Comments/in Mergers & Acquisitions, Succession Planning /by Gideon Grunfeld
Everyone knows that "small businesses are the backbone of the U.S. economy." This notion is so widespread that it obscures what has actually been happening over the last two decades.
The Small Business Administration regularly promotes the idea that almost all jobs are created by small businesses. But the SBA defines small businesses as those that employ fewer than 500 employees. By that measure, more than 99% of workers work for small businesses.
But once you examine employment data at a granular level, a more interesting and complicated pattern emerges. According to a report from JPMorgan Chase, since the early 2000's, small businesses have come to account for a minority of the U.S. workforce. Only 18% are employed at organizations staffed by fewer than twenty people, and the share of GDP represented by small businesses has fallen since the late 1990's from over 50% to below 45%.
COVID-19 is likely to speed up this trend. It has been estimated that at least one million companies with ten or fewer employees will go belly up as a result of the pandemic. The effects of federal measures like the Paycheck Protection Program, designed on its surface to bolster smaller entities during this crisis, are actually likely to exacerbate the gap between organizations with fewer than ten employees and their larger counterparts.
So what does this suggest about law firms?
In many ways, law remains an industry dominated by small employers. The State Bar of California reports that approximately one in five of its members are solo practitioners and 42% work at firms with between two and ten attorneys.
But the same trends that have caused a reduction in employment by truly small institutions throughout the U.S. economy will almost certainly impact the legal services industry as well.
As the benefits of size continue to increase, boutique law firms may find themselves at a further disadvantage. Smaller firms, and especially solo practitioners, should therefore consider growing by either merger or acquisition. And for younger professionals, inheriting a practice is an increasingly relevant strategy. Being proactive in considering these options may make the difference between thriving and failing to survive in the coming years.
Tags: acquisitions, crisis, Law firm Management, M&A, mergers, succession planning
https://rainmakingforlawyers.com/wp-content/uploads/iStock-1170598902.jpg 1707 2560 Gideon Grunfeld https://rainmakingforlawyers.com/wp-content/uploads/rainmaking_for_lawyers-300x113.png Gideon Grunfeld2020-05-27 08:57:242020-05-27 08:57:24COVID-19 Will Hasten the Decline of Small Law Firms
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text:
FBI nominee stresses cyber and spy powers
By Sean D. Carberry
Christopher Wray, President Trump's nominee to lead the FBI, takes questions from senators at his July 12 confirmation hearing.
If confirmed as the next FBI director, Christopher Wray will drill down on cyber in his first 90 days, and prioritize reauthorizing foreign surveillance powers and finding a solution to the encryption debate, he told members of the Senate Judiciary Committee.
Wray, who has been in private practice since leaving the Justice Department in 2005, said he is not a cyber expert and will need to get up to speed if confirmed. Senators expressed overwhelming bipartisan support for Wray over the course of the five-hour confirmation hearing.
"Whereas cyber was a sort of discrete topic back in, say, 2005 that had a lot of attention," said Wray, "now in 2017 cyber in many ways permeates every aspect of national security, of the intelligence community, of every type of criminal conduct we deal with. It's become part of the fabric both of our security but also the threats to our security."
Wray, who last served in government as assistant attorney general in charge of the DOJ's criminal division from 2003 to 2005, said he is not familiar with the extent of investments the U.S. is making in cybersecurity, but "it's hard for me to imagine we're doing nearly enough."
"As much as everybody is talking about the threats," he said, "I have the sense that we are just scratching the surface of how grave the threats really are, or at least how grave the threats are about to be before we blink and wake up."
When asked if he would support the notion of creating a cyber unit with Russia to protect elections from hacking, Wray said he would not support doing anything that "was putting us at greater risk as opposed to greater protection."
Wray said he would support efforts to protect future elections from foreign hacking and interference, and that the integrity of elections will be a top priority.
Regarding the debate over encryption and law enforcement -- and the concept that ex-director James Comey referred to as "going dark" -- Wray said he does not believe that so-called back doors are the solution and government needs to strike a balance between privacy and protecting infrastructure and national security.
"I do believe very strongly that technology, the private sector is advancing at such a rapid pace and government...[is] not historically not as nimble in change," he said. "And somehow as a country have to figure out a way to get to be one step ahead of the bad guys and those who would do us harm."
He said he would work with both Congress and industry to get better cooperation on solving the encryption puzzle. "I have been in the private sector and I think I know how to talk to the private sector," he added.
Several senators asked Wray if he supported the reauthorization of Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, which expires at the end of the year. Wray said that while he was not an expert in FISA matters, he had no reason to doubt the intelligence community's argument that 702 is of critical importance. He added that looked forward to learning more about how 702 can be strengthened and enhanced.
Wray also said he had no reason to doubt the intelligence community's assessment that Russia interfered in the 2016 election and that he would resist any attempts to interfere in Special Prosecutor Robert Mueller's investigation into whether there was any collusion between Trump associates and Russia.
"I do not consider Director Mueller to be on a witch hunt," Wray stated.
The firing of James Comey, his actions in office, and whether Wray could protect the independence of the FBI emerged as central themes of the hearing. Wray repeatedly said he was his own man and would resign if necessary in the face of undue political interference from the White House or the attorney general.
Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.) provided the most animated exchange with Wray, focusing on the recently revealed email exchange between Donald Trump Jr. and Rod Goldstone regarding a meeting with a Russian lawyer who was allegedly offering derogatory information on Hillary Clinton in the summer of 2006.
Graham pressed Wray to instruct members of Congress that should they receive any such offers, they should immediately notify the FBI.
"To the members of this committee," stated Wray, "any threat or effort to interfere with our elections from any nation state or any non-state actor is the kind of thing the FBI would want to know."
Sean Carberry is a former FCW staff writer who focused on defense, cybersecurity and intelligence.


With current virtualization technology it is often desirable to install an absolute minimal system and then only add the one service running on the system.
Unfortunately, this is not as easy as the "Minimal Installation" of RHEL (I'm not even going to think about fedora) is rather huge and contains lots of unnecessary gems people do not want on a server.
The easiest way of achieving a minimal installation is to use a kickstart file and select only the necessary packages.
The following kickstart file only installs a usable base system but leaves out the unnecessary stuff often being installed on a "server" installation.
The %post script is used to do some final clean up.
In this case i386 packages are removed if running on a x86_64 system in order to prevent having a mixed userland.
For people not running with IPv6, v6 support is disabled/removed as well.
This template kickstart file should be customized and then be published on a ftp or http server.
The anaconda installer can be instructed to use this file by passing ks=http://your.server/minimal.ks on the command line.
# Remove some stuff we do not need.
echo "We're on x86_64, removing unwanted i386 libraries"
echo "Adding XEN serial console support"
A friend of mine wanted a small embedded linux router. After evaluating several options such as Routerboard, Soekris or ALIX systems, he decided to get himself a Microtik Routerboard 433.
The RB433 is a small MIPS board based on the Atheros AR7100 chipset with a 300MHz CPU, 64MB RAM, 3 100Base-TX ethernet ports and three slots for MiniPCI Cards.
The Routerboard manufacturer Microtik delivers these systems with a software called "RouterOS". I haven't looked any closer at it but it seems to be Linux based system with some proprietary userspace management applications. RouterOS seems mostly to be just a Nortel-ish command line interface and a fugly webinterface. Some people claim that RouterOS is kinda nifty, but it's definitely not hackable enough considering the plans my friend had with his device.
When connecting the power to the Routerboard, the system beeps after a short time and outputs some status messages to the serial port. In order to read these, one has to connect to the serial port via a serial crossover cable and use a terminal program.
Minicom is one such terminal program. Personally though, I prefer cu from the uucp package as it is rather lightweight. All one has to type is cu -l ttyS0 -s 115200 and the bootup messages from the routerboard connected to COM1 will be visible. If you're using any other terminal program, the console settings are the usual 115200bps, 8 data bits, No parity bits and 1 stop bit.
Now is a good time to press any key to enter the setup mode in order to see what the device can do.
Change the bootmode to tell the device _not_ to boot from the local flash chip (called NAND) but from the network. To do that, press "o" and "e".
Afterwards press "x" to leave the setup.
The device will try to boot and get its kernel from the network.
So it seems the device is looking for a kernel.
In order to correctly install the OpenWrt system a linux host is needed to build the kernel image on. I've been using Fedora 9 from the Fedora Project which did the job perfectly. Any other recent distribution should work equally well.
One image is a JFFS2 or SquashFS image to install onto the target device.
The other image is the so called ramdisk image which can be booted over the network and contains a minimal shell. This image will be used to install the JFFS2 or SquashFS image onto the device and will never again be used. Think of it as a "rescue image".
Both images are basically built the same way.
First, change to the svn checkout directory called trunk and execute make menuconfig to configure the OpenWrt image.
This command will start the ncurses interface to generate a .config file. It should look familiar to people having built kernels before.
This will make sure that the resulting kernel is bootable on the Routerboard 433.
Now select "< Exit >" in the main menu and confirm that you want to save your new OpenWrt configuration.
After saving the config, execute make again. This time, it should be much faster as nearly everything is already compiled.
drwxrwxr-x  3 athienem athienem    4096 2008-11-08 18:25 .
drwxrwxr-x 15 athienem athienem    4096 2008-11-13 22:44 ..
To boot the routerboard, a dhcp server is needed to tell the bootloader on the Routerboard which IP address it should use and where to get it's bootable kernel image.
The tftp server is needed to actually serve said image to the RouterBoard.
Start the dhcp server by calling service dhcpd start, if there are any problems, look into /var/log/messages and fix the issues noted there.
The tftp-server has already been activated earlier but might need a service xinetd restart to be really started. Do that.
Then copy the ramdisk image named openwrt-ar71xx-vmlinux-initramfs.elf to the tftproot. This is /tftpboot on older systems or /var/lib/tftpboot/ on newer systems. Name the copied file vmlinux.
yaffs Nov  8 2008 18:08:56 Installing.
split_squashfs: no squashfs found in "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit"
If something didn't work out, check your system log to see what happens. Adding the "-s" parameter to the tftpd binary might be useful as it will log single requests.
As we have an accessible Linux system running now on the RouterBoard the available tools such as scp and mtd can be used to copy the needed files onto the NAND device and thus permanently install OpenWrt on the device.
As can easily be seen, there are three "partitions" available. Leave the one called "booter" alone, it might be important and contain the bootloader. I haven't checked. All we're interested in is "kernel" and "rootfs". The former contains the kernel, the latter the root filesystem.
To install the elf kernel binary named openwrt-ar71xx-vmlinux.elf, it has to be transferred onto the RouterBoard and written onto the second mtd partition. Make sure that the file is called kernel.
Note: OpenWrt configures its IP address to be 192.168.1.1 on bootup. You might have to change this with ifconfig.
The kernel image is installed.
The rootfs is even easier, as the mtd-device does not need to be mounted at all to write the squashfs image called openwrt-ar71xx-root.squashfs in my case.
Press "o" twice and "x" once to continue booting normally from the NAND.
OpenWrt has been installed on the device and can be used and configured as usual.
For more information about configuring, using and customizing OpenWrt see the Kamikaze Manual, the OpenWrt Wiki or use the source. For network related configuration issues, /lib/network/config.sh and the files in /lib/wifi/ are a good start.
As most readers of this blog are probably aware, pre-releases of the Linux Kernel 2.6.27 are able to trash the NVRAM/EEPROM of certain Intel Network cards. As usual, lwn.net has a nice writeup of the issue including some background information.
I had a similar problem in the past and as a favour for some friends of mine, I've written down a small description to restoring the ethernet firmware in these cards. This guide should serve as a good primer on reflashing your broken nic but probably needs to be adapted for your own use case.
NB: Instead of just giving a command by command description of what I did, I'll try explaining a bit more about the background and the process of fixing the problem at hand. Maybe this gives other people some insight into valuable problem solving skills.
Some years back we bought quite some Tyan S5112 machines for bawue.net.
The idea was to fit these machines with the Tyan m3289 server management card, an IPMI card allowing remotely powercycling of the machines and offering a serial console via the network.
In order to have the whole setup work, the IPMI management module needs support from the network interface in order to receive IP packets while the machine is powered off. After contacting the Tyan support, we were offered a firmware file to flash into the network adapter activating the needed "management mode". This firmware file came in the form of a .bin file and an accompanying eeupdate.exe file for flashing the firmware image.
After I pressed enter, nothing much happened. The system wasn't reading anything from the disk, there was no progress message on the screen, just the general start-message of the firmware update tool.
When nothing happened after 5 minutes of waiting, I foolishly reset the system. Big mistake!.
On the next boot of the system, there were no PXE messages from the network card and during bootup the e1000 linux driver only threw out the ominous message The EEPROM Checksum Is Not Valid without loading the network interface.
It turns out, I just trashed the firmware of my on-board network interface.
At such times, I firmly believe in the use of swearwords accompanied by heavy googling for some advice. Alas, googling told me only that I broke my hardware and needed new one.
As returning hardware because of a problem is akin to giving up, which is generally unacceptable, I decided to look into the issue a bit more and find a workable solution to unbrick the network interface.
The first step was getting the sources of the e1000 driver from the project page. As this was a few years ago, I chose the version 7.3.15 which was current at this time.
So there is a function called e1000_validate_eeprom_checksum responsible for checking the validity of the eeprom. During the main initialization of the card this function is called and in case the checksum is not valid, the error handler err_eeprom is executed which aborts the module load.
On a hunch, I removed the whole check logic containted in this function located in e1000-7.3.15/src/e1000_hw.c. After I was done, the whole function body consisted only of a "return 0" statement meaning that the checksum check will always succeed.
So even though the mac address of the card is broken, at least the card is somewhat detected and I can work on restoring the eeprom.
For modifying low-level settings of network interfaces under Linux one can usually use the fabulous ethtool utility.
This command would change the byte at the address 0x0 (the first byte) into the value 0x00. The 0x10198086 value is the "magic" value needed to "unlock" this write operation. Depending on the driver and the card this value is different for each system. In the case of the intel e1000 driver, the magic value is the Device ID and Vendor ID of the selected network card. This value can be gathered by examining the lspci -n output.
As I was in a hurry back then to get the machine working again, I didn't try to find out what exactly the magic value was but just commented out this check in the e1000_ethtool.c file.
For reference, the patch of my modifications to the e1000 driver are e1000-repair.patchdownloadable as a unified diff.
Comparing this eeprom file with the dump taken earlier from the second network interface in the machine showed that the .eep file from intel was in "mixed-endian" format, meaning I had to shuffle the values around a bit before being able to rewrite the image. The file contains the eeprom values as groups of two bytes each in reversed order. The first four byte-values in the file are 0xe0 0x00 0x2a 0x81 while in the eeprom they would be 0x00 0xe0 0x81 0x2a.
After I found the correct byte ordering, I could simply call ethtool -E manually with the correct addresses and just write each byte into the eeprom or automate this and reduce the possibility of mistakes. Naturally, automation it is. Back then I chose to do this script in PHP as a small exercise in command-line-interface programming.
The PHP script can be downloaded as eepromer.php and executed by calling php eepromer.php on the shell.
By piping the output of this quick-and-dirty script into a shell (php eepromer.php | sh), the content of the .eep file is written for real into the eeprom. The last step is changing the first 6 bytes of the eeprom (offset 0x0 to 0x5) to the original mac address of the network interface.
After this has been done, the network card is considered repaird or unbricked.
Now, this explanation should give anyone some hints on fixing his network card's eeprom should this be needed because of problems with the kernel releases mentioned in the beginning. It is unlikely that following the procedure above to the letter is going to have any usable results as every system and situation is different.
This script, which can be written as one single line, will remove the header and other superfluous data from the dumpfile, leaving only the values itself which are then echoed to STDOUT in the form of an ethtool command.
Piping this into a shell will restore your eeprom meaning only the mac address has to be reverted to the old one. The correct working of the above bash line should be tested however, as the output of ethtool differs depending on the card and the driver.
Should the network interface not even be visible on the PCI bus anymore (possible due to the usage of the ibautil.exe tool mentioned on some webpages) reflashing the main bios might work for some systems. The flashrom utility from the coreboot project might come in handy for this.
Otherwise it might be necessary to rewrite the necessary part of the eeprom first through the SPI, a serial programming interface, in order to have it enumerate again on the pci bus.
Should this be the case, it might be easier to just return your mainboard for repair though.
Should you be willing however, to try your luck and certainly void any little bit of warranty you had left, Intel offers a nice manual explaining the firmware format of it's ICH8 system.
Hans wrote about a different way of preparing a bootable USB stick for a Fedora installation then I did in Installing Fedora 9 from a (small) USB stick.
While my recipe wrote the data directly onto the USB stick without creating any partitions ont it, Hans suggests to format the USB stick similar to a normal hard drive with a Master Boot Record and a single partition holding the data. This is based on the hope that it makes it more likely that the stick is in fact bootable.
Fedora, and in extension Red Hat Linux before it, has always created partition-less diskboot.img files. The commands I listed in my article are taken directly from the sourcecode of the anaconda-runtime scripts, which have in the past generated the shipped diskboot.img file.
I might not remember the exact date but I'm certain I've been booting installation images from USB sticks for more than 5 years now and never had a problem with the partition-less disk-image as found on the installation CDs in the /images-folder.
In fact, I remember some problems with an older EPIA-M board which absolutely refused to boot from an USB stick formatted as either a hard-drive or a ZIP-drive with the data contained on the 4th partition.
While working with the "new" ASUS Pundit-R350 I found the IO performance of the system severely lacking.
3.6 MB/s transfer rate is completely unacceptable. I'm feeling as if 1994 called and asked for the Red Hat Linux 3.0.3 (Picasso) install CDs.
To solve this mystery, why a SATA disk is running that slow a bit of digging is needed.
Usually, such slow IO access means the drive in question is not using DMA transfer but one of the slower PIO modes.
As can be seen, the udma5 entry has an asterisk in front of it, identifying the currently used transfer mode is in fact UDMA/100.
The line ata2.00: simplex DMA is claimed by other device, disabling DMA and ata2.00: configured for PIO4 explain the problem. The disk was in fact only being accessed by one of the PIO modes. Googling for the first line, gives several results. Of interest are the different hits from the Arch-Linux, the Ubuntu and the Fedora forums. Seems other people have the same problems. The first hit however is from the Ubuntu Wiki suggesting that the problem is caused by the ata_generic module which prevents the pata_atiixp module from correctly driving the interface.
It quickly turns out however, that the wiki entry is incorrect and the forums are completely useless as nobody really looked into the issue at all. Koen, explains this nicely.
A bit of googling for Simplex DMA shows that the kernel driver is simply buggy/the way fedora loads sata drivers is buggy.
Happily, cebbert (one of our kernel wranglers) already applied a patch fixing this problem.
This nicely shows that even though fedora's way of trailing the bleeding edge quite closely may lead to strange hardware problems from time to time, the fix is usually pretty quickly applied.
Considering that the relatively large number of users allows for a larger testing base and therefore improving the software for every user in the long run I find this is an acceptable compromise.
I've recently started to unpack some of the boxes from my last move. In there I found an older Booksize PC, an ASUS Pundid-R350. It's not the nicest system I've ever had, the fan is incredibly noisy and it's constantly switching to full speed when the system is loaded. I guess I should swap the fan for something much quieter, but haven't had the time yet.
My notebook is running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. 5.2 This is very nice on the one hand, as I do have stable software and it's very unlikely that I'll kill my system with a yum update call right before having a presentation. That happened in the past when running rawhide, but that's perfectly okay. I just have different requirements now.
On the other hand, being on a stable operating system means I'm not having access to the latest and greatest releases of all software. A problem users on Debian stable are well acquainted with.
One of the problems I'm having is with NetworkManager 0.6.4-8.el5. One of the wireless networks I'm using is changing it's keys each quarter. This is actually a good idea. Unfortunately, NetworkManager on some systems seems not to be able to associate to the wireless network after the first keychange.
It's trying again and again to associate, asks for a new password but even though the new password/hex-key is entered, no association is possible.
The next step is to fire up gnome-keyring-manager from the shell or the Applications-menu under "System-Tools". Navigate to the entry named "Passphrase for wireless network <network-name>", select it and click on the "Keyring" entry in the menu and choose "Delete Key".
You're done. Now NetworkManager has lost all knowledge about the existing wireless network and the entry can be added again as usual. NM should be able to associate then.
"Consolidated network booting ISO image, replacing old boot.iso, diskboot.img, and rescuecd.iso."
But luckily, it is not very hard to recreate this file on the shell and write it onto an USB stick afterwards. This serves as another installment of my small article series announced earlier.
After these steps, a diskboot.img file is located in /tmp/pendrive. This file can be written to an USB stick with a command such as dd if=diskboot.img of=/dev/sdb. Special care should be taken to write to the correct device (/dev/sdb in this case)and _not_ overwrite one of your own harddrives.
When working with disk images the admin is often faced with the problem of mounting the contained partitions inside of these images.
Such full-disk images can be the containers of virtual machines for xen as fount in /var/lib/xen/images or disk-images ripped from dying drives with the help of recovery tools such as dd_rescue.
Regardless of the origin, these images do contain everything needed to run a machine, a partition table, a boot sector, at least one, but often several partitions inside of one container.
Mounting these images through a normal loop mount does only result in the first image to be mounted, often not what is wanted.
In the past, suggestions ranged from imaging single partitions to using dd to "cut" the single partitions out of the full-disk image. Crude workarounds as we've had a perfect tool called device mapper for some time now.
Thus, we know we do have an image file containing several partitions.
Now, how to handle this?
Mounting this test-image gives an error in my case. Often though the first partition gets sucessfully mounted.
The solution to this is called kpartx, a tool to map the partitions contained inside such an image into device-mapper block devices. This tools is contained in the kpartx RPM and can be easily installed by executing yum install kpartx if it is not already installed on your system.
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     160 2008-06-11 15:06 .
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root    4180 2008-06-11 15:06 ..
After the partitions have been unmounted, the device-mapper mappings can be removed by calling kpartx with the -d parameter. The image file can then be used again as it is not in use anymore by the device mapper.
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     60 2008-06-11 15:16 .
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root   4080 2008-06-11 15:16 ..
I finally decided to try to breath some life into my weblog again and write some hopefully useful technical articles.
I'm currently planning on concentrating on stuff I find out fiddling with new toys (usually embedded stuff running Linux) or little hints or tricks I'm using when administrating systems.
The content of these articles might not all be new and many people already know about them, but I found it's mostly "advanced" administration stuff many people do not know about and can profit from these.
If there's anything which should be described in more detail or anything else, I'm available on the usual IRC networks (IRCnet, oftc, freenode etc.) as ixs.
The first article explains kpartx and how to use it to access partitions inside full-disk images.
Today was my first day as a Red Hat employee.
Even though I'm just working there as an intern for the next six months before starting work on my Diploma thesis, it has been rather uneventful.
Ohh right, today is saturday. Weekends for teh win!
So I'll start on monday then with the "New Hire Orientation" in Munich. According to the guys on irc, it's gonna be fun.


Beautiful New Built 1746 square foot Ranch with open floor plan and Master Suite with Custom Tile Shower bathroom, Wide Plank Hardwood flooring, Gas Fireplace with Decorative stone from floor to ceiling, Granite counter tops in the Kitchen and bathrooms, 9' ceilings, 12 Course basement with Egress Window, Covered Porch, You can still pick out your own carpet for the bedrooms or continue the hardwood flooring. Close to Lake Ontario, and Stores and Restaurants in Webster. Don't miss this fantastic opportunity for a New Built Ranch in Webster.
Directions To Property: Five Mile Line Rd To Klem Rd To Whiting Rd To Apricot Lane On The Right Hand Side When Traveling North On Whiting Rd.


text:
Сильве́н Жюлье́н Викто́р Аре́н () ( — ) — бельгийский астроном, первооткрыватель комет и астероидов. Родился в коммуне Мекс-деван-Виртон в Люксембурге, Бельгия и работал в королевской обсерватории Бельгии в Уккеле.

Он учился в свободном университете Брюсселя (:en:Université Libre de Bruxelles), в котором получил докторскую степень по физике и математике. Начал работать в Королевской обсерватории Бельгии в 1928 году, где он долгое время был заведующим факультета астрометрии и механики. С 1967 года начал всерьёз заниматься астрометрией и астрофотографией.

В 1952 году им была обнаружена новая звезда Nova Cygni 1952 в созвездии Щита, а позднее в 1956 году вместе с Жоржем Роланом он открыл яркую комету C/1956 R1 (Арена — Ролана). На его счёту также находится ещё несколько открытых переменных звёзд, две периодических кометы комета Арена и комета Арена — Риго, а также 51 открытый астероид. Среди этих астероидов был астероид из группы Амура ((1916) Бореас) и один троянский астероид ((1583) Антилох). Он также работал совместно с обсерваториями США в области исследования двойных звёзд.

В знак признания его заслуг одному из астероидов было присвоено его имя — (1502) Арена.

Примечания

Астрономы по алфавиту
Астрономы XX века
Астрономы Бельгии
Первооткрыватели астероидов
Первооткрыватели комет

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The church was brand new, the third Anglican church to be built in Yonago. This is a new organ based on the organs of Richard Bridge at Christ Church Spitalfields (1735) and St Leonard Shoreditch (1756) in London. The case is based loosely on the 1716 organ case at St Lawrence Whitchurch. The organ project was assisted by Paul Hale at Southwell Minster, the then Vicar Clement Nobuoko, and churchwarden and amateur organ builder Moses Sakoda.
The compass is C – g3 and C – f1. The pitch is a1=440Hz and the tuning is Young's.
The scaling of the principals is the same for each rank: 3:5 with a 12″ plate width at 51/3'G. The Stopt Diapason has the same scale as the Open at the same pitch. The wind pressure is 57mm for the manual and 76mm for the Pedal. The wind is provided by a 2m x 1m single fold wedge bellows, with a sprung regulator for the Pedal.


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Secular or Islamic state? Neither, says Dr M
Thursday, 19 Jun 2014 10:04 AM MYT
Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad stressed that the Federal Constitution does not mention that Malaysia is a secular state. — Reuters pic
KUALA LUMPUR, June 19 — Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, who once declared Malaysia to be an Islamic country, now says it is neither an Islamic nor a secular state, but just an "ordinary state" with Islam as the official religion.
The former prime minister was reported by English daily The Star today as saying that although Malaysia has been proclaimed as an Islamic country before, it did not mean that measure were needed to "make it Islamic".
"We are just an ordinary state that recognises Islam as the official religion of the country, and we practise things that are not against the religion of Islam," Dr Mahathir told The Star yesterday.
"We have declared ourself (sic) as an Islamic state before, but that does not mean that we have to do all kinds of other things to make it Islamic. There are so many Islamic states that don't even declare they are Islamic and they don't practise many of the things that are supposed to be associated with Islamic states," he added.
The veteran politician also stressed that the Federal Constitution does not mention that Malaysia is a secular state.
"We never said this is a secular state either," said Dr Mahathir.
The country's longest-serving prime minister declared in 2001 that Malaysia is an Islamic state and went on to say in 2002 that Malaysia is an Islamic fundamentalist state.
Malaysia's founding father Tunku Abdul Rahman, however, said in Parliament in 1958: "I would like to make clear that this country is not an Islamic State as it is generally understood, we merely provided that Islam shall be the official religion of the State".
The debate over whether Malaysia - which has a dual track legal system of civil and shariah courts - is an Islamic or secular state arose again recently after a minister said last Monday that Malaysia is not the latter.
Datuk Seri Jamil Khir Baharom, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Islamic affairs, said his position was reinforced by several constitutional provisions, including Article 3 which places Islam as the religion of the federation.
Jamil Khir's assertion works against a key argument against the implementation of hudud here, although he stopped short of declaring that Malaysia is an Islamic state.
DAP's Sibu MP Oscar Ling Chai Yew has said that Malaysia is a secular state as three of the four signatories of the 1963 Malaysia Agreement — Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak — did not have a state religion and this was further reinforced by the 18-point and 20-point agreements drawn up by Sarawak and Sabah respectively.
Malaysia wants to continue cooperation on climate change agenda with D-8 countries, says minister
Malaysia's foreign minister expresses concern about Cambodian leader's trip to Myanmar without first consulting Asean


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Connecticut Attorney General John H. Light and His Fight for Woman's Suffrage
June 30, 2021 • Emergence of Modern America 1890-1930, Law, New Canaan, Norwalk, Social Movements
Portrait of John H. Light. From N. G. Osborn, ed. Men of Mark in Connecticut; Ideals of American Life told in Biographies and Autobiographies of Eminent Living Americans, vol. 3 (Hartford: William R. Goodspeed, 1907)
By Kathleen Motes Bennewitz
Attorney General John H. Light never hesitated to share his opinion on the "woman question." In fact, he used his visibility and influence to defend the justice of equal suffrage for women in the final push for the 19th Amendment. A court attorney by training, Light was a giant among state orators—a quality underscored by his powerful, melodious, and resonant voice, a face that bore a frank yet fearless expression, and his six-foot frame. In 1911, The Norwalk Hour described Light as having always stood for progress and that "women who believe in suffrage are fortunate in such a champion." Yet, Light's contributions to the Connecticut Woman's Suffrage Association's (CWSA) fight for political equality, like that of other notable "suffragents," received little or no mention in official biographies.
A Farmer's Political Rise
John Henry Light was born in 1855 in Carmel, New York. His father Belden was a farmer known for his firmness, energy, and loyalty, and his mother Ann for her great strength of character. One of eleven siblings and five half-siblings, John attended school when not working on the Somers, New York family farm. In 1880, he graduated from Chamberlain Institute and Female College, an early co-educational institution founded by Benjamin F. Chamberlain, a New York abolitionist judge.
Connecticut Men's League for Woman Suffrage Dinner Program, Greenwich Country Club, Friday, April 17, 1914. Courtesy, Dr. Kenneth Florey.
The Lights moved to New Canaan, Connecticut by 1880 and John began studying law in Norwalk under Levi Warner, who served as a U.S. Representative. In 1883, he opened a practice in South Norwalk. The aspiring barrister quickly scaled the rank and file, first, as city attorney, and then prosecuting attorney for the Criminal Court of Common Pleas, where he eventually earned an appointment as a justice. Next, Light pursued a path as state representative for Norwalk (1899-1902), and he ascended to Speaker of the House (1901-1902). In the General Assembly, Speaker Light made his pro-suffrage stance public at a time when such advocacy could still lead to criticism. In 1910, Governor Weeks appointed Light to fill Marcus H. Holcomb's vacated seat as Attorney General, an office to which he would be elected in 1911.
His political advancement coincided with a reinvigorated Connecticut Woman's Suffrage Association (CWSA) led by Katharine Houghton Hepburn. The Attorney General was engaged as a prominent speaker who could articulate the case for suffrage to particular audiences and persuasively counter antis' claims. Light spoke at town meetings— like those led by the Norwalk Equal Franchise League where his wife Ida May Lockwood Light was active—and at highly visible events, including the 1911 Litchfield County automobile tour and 1912 "Tri-County Crusade for Votes" trolley campaign. While stumping for suffrage, Light shared the dais with CWSA leaders and such renown progressive men as Max Eastman, Charles Zueblin, Charles Beard, and Lincoln Steffen. At the 1911 CWSA convention in Bridgeport, the Attorney General introduced British activist Emmeline Pankhurst, whom he lauded for her "spirit of heroism and self-sacrifice that permeated the English women to such an extent as to lead them to brave prison for the sake for their principles."
Connecticut Men's League for Woman Suffrage
Men's League for Woman Suffrage ephemera, from scrapbook of Elizabeth Smith Miller and Anne Fitzhugh Miller. Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Washington, D.C.
In 1912, Light helped found the Connecticut Men's League for Woman Suffrage (CMLWS). The organization, to which Light became president, was one of twenty-six associations for men in America organized to help gain woman suffrage; the first being established in 1909 in New York City. The league began as a "council of forty" and by 1919 expanded to one hundred members.
CMLWS supporters were passionate foot soldiers for the CWSA, joining the women at parades in New York, Washington, D.C., and Hartford and at state and national suffrage conventions; they also published newsworthy media pieces and attention-getting letters to editor. At the CWSA's request, the men exerted their influence lobbying legislators and candidates on political equality along with a special legislative session to ratify the 19th Amendment. Their relentless efforts continued until "Tennessee set Connecticut Women Free," to quote a parade banner that CWSA president Katharine Ludington had made after clinching the 36th state's ratification vote on August 18, 1920.
That month, CMLWS chairman, Lieutenant Governor Clifford R. Wilson, also aided the CWSA in arranging for the pealing of bells across Connecticut on the 27th to mark the 19th Amendment being signed into federal law on the day prior. Connecticut's suffragists and suffragents collectively rejoiced again on September 14th when the General Assembly finally, and symbolically, became the 37th state to ratify the amendment.
Kathleen Motes Bennewitz serves as Westport's town curator and helps manage the Westport Public Art Collections. She has worked for art and historical museums across the country and today is an independent American art historian and exhibition curator.
The Office of the House Clerk. "Former Speakers of the Connecticut House of Representatives." Connecticut General Assembly, n.d. Link.
Bennewitz, Kathleen Motes. "From Corsets to Suffrage: Victorian Women Trailblazers." The Lockwood-Mathews Mansion Museum, 2019. Link.
Office of the Attorney General. "John H. Light." Biographies of the Attorneys General of Connecticut, n.d. Link.
Kroeger, Brooke. "What Allies Today Could Learn from 'Suffragents' Who Helped Women Win the Vote." NYU, n.d. Link.
Office of the Secretary of State. "Women Vote: Connecticut Suffrage Centennial," n.d. Link.
Connecticut State Library. "Finding Aid to the Connecticut Woman Suffrage Association Inventory of Records," 2016. Link.
Neumann, Johanna. Gilded Suffragists: The New York Socialites Who Fought for Women's Right to Vote. New York: NYU Press, 2017.
Nichols, Carole. Votes and More for Women: Suffrage and After in Connecticut. New York: Institute for Research in History: Haworth Press, 1983.
New Canaan Messenger. "Attorney General Is Called 'Leading Light,' 'Reply' Unconsciously Gets Off a Pun on His Name," June 19, 1913.
The Norwalk Hour. "Atty. General Light for Woman Suffrage. Stirred Large Audience at High School by Address on Kindred Theme," June 3, 1911.
Bridgeport Evening Farmer. "Men Organize to Help Equal Suffrage Cause," April 13, 1912. Link.
Bridgeport Evening Farmer. "[Pankhurst Address] Mrs. W.T. Hinks Is President of State Suffragists. Bridgeport Woman Chosen at Election of Officers Closing Annual Convention Here, This Afternoon," October 28, 1911. Link.
Sheff v. O'Neill Settlements Target Educational Segregation In Hartford
The Old Leatherman Alive in Our Memories
Eugene O'Neill's Connecticut Connections
Reckoning with the Dutch: the Treaty of Hartford, 1650
The Connecticut Ratification Convention
A True Dog of War: Sergeant Stubby
Luna Park: A 20th-century Story of Amusement and Morality
The Amistad
An Orderly & Decent Government: Making Self-Government Work, 1819-1865
An Orderly & Decent Government: Significant Events & Developments, 1905-1929


ADDING "EYE APPEAL" TO MASS PRODUCED EVERGREEN TREES.
Most of us have seen mass produced trees for Railroad layouts. They are great for filling spaces in the background of a layout. That is why they are often referred to as "Background trees". Some of us purchase more expensive model trees with better detail that will be used closer to the viewer. These are sometimes referred to as "Foreground trees".
Visually, massed produced trees are all the same color green. Not much "eye appeal" & variety there.
Using "Tints & Shades" of your trees base green color; you are going to give these trees some depth & perspective. "Tints" are the base color plus white. "Shades" are the base color plus black. You can use two different colors of green as well. I use "acrylic" paints that dry quickly.
Begin by adding more depth to the trees by "shading" the recessed areas of the trees with a dark green & let dry. This does not need to be uniform coverage. Just dab it on. In fact, the more random the more natural the tree will appear when finished. Now, randomly brush the tips of the tree foliage with a tint of a much lighter green than the base color & let dry.
These steps should give your trees more color contrast. Experiment with different intensities of the shades & tints to get the effect that most appeals to you.
Finally, use several earth color paints: brownish red, umber, and ochre, to highlight small areas of the tree. This represents "dead" branches & dried out sections of the tree.
I have also included a shot of a more subtle color scheme just using two different green paints for highlights. In this method the original tree color is used for the shaded base color.
To finish, spray your trees with a Dullcote (Flat finish) enamel sealer & let dry. "Testors" makes this and it is available in spray cans.
When done, you will have added character to your monochromatic trees. If you work on several trees as you do each color stage, you will be able to make them in just a short time.


text:
Student Online
FIU emasculated for unspecified reasons?
Sushil Khushiram | April 26, 2013 | Financial Services | No Comments
By Sushil Khushiram
In his reply to a PNQ of the Leader of the Opposition on 23 April 2013, the minister of finance is reported to have stated the following: "I wish to bring to the attention of the House that in September 2003, changes were brought to the FIAML (Financial Intelligence and Money Laundering) Act to emasculate the FIU (Financial Intelligence Unit) for unspecified reasons."
The Minister referred to the amendments to Section 10(2) of the FIAML Act which removed the responsibility of supervision and enforcement of compliance by banks and other financial institutions from the functions of the FIU, and limited its powers to issue guidelines to the reporting requirements of suspicious transaction reports (STRs). He also inferred that the reporting culture of banks has deteriorated since these amendments.
The Minister has been grossly ill-advised and misguided in making these statements. The reasons for the FIAML Sec 10 amendments were fully explained in Parliament on 19 August 2003 during the second reading of the Anti-Money Laundering (Miscellaneous Provisions) Bill, as follows: "The role of the FIU is being recast to allow it to focus on intelligence gathering and analysis, and dissemination of information to investigatory and supervisory authorities as well as to overseas FIUs and comparable bodies. The FIU will no longer have powers to issue any AML/CFT codes and guidelines or to supervise and enforce compliance under the relevant enactments. These duties and responsibilities are better attributable to the domain of the supervisory authorities for a more efficient regulation of AML/CFT practices."
The amendment to clarify the functions of the FIU was made on the strength of expert recommendations of a joint IMF/World Bank Financial Sector Assessment, and a Review of Standards and Codes on Anti Money Laundering (AML/CFT), conducted in Mauritius at end 2002. The recommendations included amendments to the FIAML Act to address certain identified weaknesses and deficiencies, and to better align our AML/CFT regime with internationally recognized FATF standards.
A Recommended Action was: "The FIAML Act should be amended further in order to ensure that the FIU's role is clarified with respect of its domestic and international functions… At the domestic level, the FIU should focus its activity on the receiving, analysis, and dissemination of STRs, and let to other Mauritian authorities, such as the BOM and the FSC, the compliance monitoring function."
There was a general consensus that the FIU should not be burdened with an enforcement function to allow it to focus on its main responsibility of intelligence collection, analysis and dissemination, especially as the BOM (Bank of Mauritius) and the FSC (Financial Services Commission) were making rapid progress in issuing Codes and Guidance Notes and other reinforcing AML/CFT measures. New banking legislation, then under preparation, would also spell out clearly the AML/CFT supervision and enforcement framework for banks.
Amendments made by the Minister in 2012 to the FIAML Act, Sec 18 (3A), were exactly in the same vein as in 2003, by entrusting the supervision and enforcement of AML/CFT compliance of members of a relevant profession or occupation to their respective regulatory bodies, e.g., licensed auditors to the Financial Reporting Council.
To say that the FIAML amendments were made for unspecified reasons requires quite a leap of imagination, if not an imaginary leap. Whether these amendments emasculated the FIU is at least arguable, if one does not agree with the reasons for amending the FIAML Act.
In fact, the FIU was strengthened not only by sharpening its focus, but by concurrent amendments to (i) replace the FIU Review Committee by a Board so as to facilitate the expeditious processing of information and decision making within the FIU, (ii) override banking confidentiality provisions so that banks are not hampered in reporting STRs to the FIU, (iii) give powers to the FIU to request additional information in relation to the STRs, (iv) ease the sharing of information from supervisory authorities to the FIU, (v) help the passing of information from the FIU to overseas FIUs on terms of confidentiality, and (vi) enhance co-ordination between the FIU and other relevant agencies, and concertation on overall AML/CFT strategy and policy, by the setting up of a National AML/CF Committee. If these amendments represent an emasculation of the FIU, let us have some more.
When public indignation is running high, there is always a strong and natural temptation by the authorities to deflect attention from the true nature of a crisis, for instance, by attributing the causes to deficient legislation. Illusory regulatory gaps or allegedly improper legal amendments are tactical expedients to get out of the spotlight.
The recent financial scams have their origin in a financial crime, namely that financial services activities, whether deposit-taking or investment, were being carried out without a licence, which is an offence under banking and other financial services legislation. The BOM and FSC have the primary responsibility to tackle this financial crime. The appropriate response by the BOM and the FSC is to report the offence to the police and collaborate with them and the DPP for charging the offenders and discontinuing these unlicensed activities. The FSC can additionally make inquiries and investigations of those "who ought to be licensed", as provided for in its governing legislation, and seek Court orders to take corrective legal action against the identified offenders.
There is strictly no need to invoke AML/CFT legislation to address the financial activities conducted by illegal operators, let alone blame amendments to the FIAML Act. A sound application of existing legislation by the financial regulators would suffice. That no effective and conclusive action was taken by the BOM and the FSC, despite public knowledge of illegal money raising activities, and prominent billboard advertisements, raises serious concerns about the adequate enforcement of financial legislation. The frustration expressed by the BOM following its belated police report is not surprising, considering that a number of police officers were purported agents of these fraudulent schemes.
What, then, is the relevance of AML/CFT legislation and of the FIU in this context? The FIU becomes directly involved when it receives a suspicious report about the transactions of the unlicensed entities through banks, other financial institutions, cash dealers and other persons. It analyzes these information disclosures, and disseminates them to the Police, Customs, and ICAC, for investigation and prosecution, as well as to the BOM and FSC. It can request additional information from the reporting bank and other banks, to be further disseminated.
Although a few overseas FIUs do enjoy direct law enforcement powers and may be housed within a financial supervisory body, Government, or the DPP's office, Mauritius has from the start opted for an independent administrative model, whereby the FIU acts as a buffer between the financial sector and law enforcement agencies.
The FIU thus assists in identifying criminal activities and the perpetrators through the use of the proceeds of their crimes. To do so, the FIU has to rely on financial institutions to shoulder their responsibility to report on suspicious transactions related to the activities of the unlicensed entities, as well as on its analytical and intelligence-gathering abilities. The BOM and FSC are entrusted as financial regulators to ensure AML/CFT compliance by banks and other financial institutions.
Banks failed to report in a timely and significant manner, and the few STRs communicated by banks to the FIU did not result in expeditious legal action, which raises legitimate concerns about the supervision and enforcement of AML/CFT legislation, and the operational effectiveness of the institutional AML/CFT framework, including the National AML/CFT Committee.
Mauritius excels in adopting legislation that complies to the highest and latest international standards, and in setting up the finest institutions, but lags in the effective enforcement of legislation and the proper functioning of institutions. There are grounds to believe that there are major risks still looming in the financial sector. To counter the future recurrence of financial fraud and deception, greater focus should be placed on enhancing regulatory compliance under existing financial legislation, including the AML/CFT regime, and by strengthening the performance of all the bodies and agencies concerned.
Bringing up the 2003 FIAMLA amendments is a red herring which can only serve to emasculate a constructive discussion of financial governance issues.
* Published in print edition on 27 April 2013
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This pilot study examined the potential stress reduction benefits produced by both play and exposure to a novel forest condition in five average dogs. Studies on the effects of Shinrin-yoku (forest-bathing) on urban city dwellers have described significant decreases in cortisol, blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic nerve activity after only 20 minutes of exposure. Comparable reductions in canine cortisol levels have been reported after short play sessions in working and shelter populations. Based upon these health outcomes, this study considered the potential health benefits for dogs gained from playing in a novel forest setting compared to their urban home settings. Salivary cortisol measurements were taken from five canines pre and 20-minutes post play in each condition. Statistical analyses revealed no significant effect (p >.05) from either the forest intervention or play. While the results were unable to support the current findings and the initial assumptions of this study, these findings may suggest instead that the average family dog's stress levels are lower in many conditions due to their unique position and relationship with their established families. Since this is the first time cortisol has been evaluated in a normal canine population, this may account for the non-significant findings as none of the participants were working or living under stressful conditions that are associated with elevated cortisol levels. Taking this significant difference in populations into account, a new interpretation of the results is presented based upon Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs that suggests the frequent interactions common to canine-guardian relationships and the family setting are already meeting the well-being and health needs of these dogs. While additional research is needed, the inclusion of this alternative interpretation of cortisol results may prove valuable when assessing outcomes of specific populations.
in the pilot study of the National Health Survey for Children and Adolescents which has been conducted under the responsibility of the Robert Koch Institute from March 12(th) 2001 to March 15(th) 2002,1,630 children and adolescents from 0 to 17 years as well as their parents have been included. Methodological issues have been very prominent. Questionnaires regarding properties, indicators (for ... [Show full abstract] example for psychic well-being) were developed and evaluated, different methods of access to the study participants as well as methods to increase the motivation to participate in the study were tested, and the property for generalisation or validity of the obtained information was investigated. The conduct of the pilot study resulted in a number of experiences and findings that will contribute to an optimised approach in the main course of the survey.
Persons living with HIV (PLWH) often seek complementary treatments to improve their overall health and well-being. Reiki, an ancient healing practice, has been found to be effective in reducing symptoms of stress, anxiety, pain, and depression. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Reiki as a complementary treatment for PLWH. Using a two-group mixed-methods ... [Show full abstract] experimental design, 37 participants were randomized to either a 6-week Reiki with Music Group or a Music Only Group. Self-reported and physiologic measures were obtained at baseline, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks. Significant improvements in relief of pain and stress in those receiving RMG were found. At the 6-week assessment, semi-structured interviews were conducted with all participants. Qualitative findings indicated that Reiki and music therapy helped reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Evidence-based data regarding the effectiveness of Reiki will help nurses help patients better manage HIV-related symptoms.
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text:
On this date in Maine history: Jan. 27
By Joseph Owen
James Gillespie Blaine, 1905, painted by Freeman Thorp U.S. House of Representatives
Jan. 27, 1893: Former U.S. House Speaker James G. Blaine of Augusta dies at his Washington home. Blaine was the Republican nominee for president in 1884, when he lost the general election to Grover Cleveland.
Blaine's body is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington's Georgetown neighborhood. The remains of his wife, Augusta native Harriet Stanwood Blaine, are buried there after her death in 1903.
Both the Blaines are disinterred in 1920 – Maine's statehood centennial year – and moved to the new Blaine Memorial Park, which overlooks a cluster of cemeteries and much of Augusta's west side.
The park's landscaping is done by the Olmstead firm, which also designed Central Park in New York. According to Blaine's longtime secretary, Thomas Sherman, Blaine often enjoyed walking to that hilltop spot, a mere 15 blocks from his house, when he was in Augusta.
Jan. 27, 1944: In World War II's penultimate year, the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery launches four newly built submarines on the same day, three of them simultaneously.
The USS Ronquil, the USS Redfish and the USS Razorback rise from their blocks at 1 p.m., and a few hours later the USS Scabbardfish slides down Building Way No. 4 into the Piscataqua River.
The launching of the Redfish, Ronquil and Razorback submarines on Jan. 27, 1944. A fourth submarine, Scabbardfish, was launched later the same day. U.S. Navy photo, Special Collections and Archives, University of New Hampshire
Jan. 27, 1964: Maine's U.S. Sen. Margaret Chase Smith (1897-1995), a Republican, announces her candidacy for president.
At the GOP convention in July near San Francisco, she becomes the first woman to have her name submitted for nomination at a major U.S. party convention. U.S. Sen. Barry Goldwater wins the nomination but loses the November election to President Lyndon Johnson.
U.S. Sen. Margaret Chase Smith, R-Maine, arrives at the Republican National Convention in San Francisco in July 1964. Associated Press photo
Bob Bryan, left, and Marshall Dodge in the 1970s. The two recorded several "Bert and I" albums and influenced the way the rest of America saw Mainers. Dodge was killed by a hit-and-run driver in 1982. Press Herald file photo
Jan. 27, 1982: Yale University graduate Marshall Dodge (1935-1982), co-creator with Robert Bryan (1931-2018) of the "Bert and I" stories of Maine humor, dies after being struck by a hit-and-run driver while bicycling toward Waimea on the island of Hawaii.
Dodge and Bryan released the first "Bert and I" record album of stories, told in a Maine accent, in 1957, when Dodge was a philosophy major at Yale University and Bryan was a Yale Divinity School student. Dodge had spent no more than a week in Maine when they did the recording.
Read more moments in Maine history and stories about the bicentennial
A New York native, Dodge moved to Maine about nine years before his death. Dodge founded the Maine Festival of the Arts in 1976 at Bowdoin College.
Jan. 27, 2015: A blizzard featuring 50-mph wind dumps more than 2 feet of snow on parts of southern and central Maine, with downtown Portland's accumulation of 27.4 inches setting a record for that date.
The storm also drops 27 inches in Lewiston and 26 inches in Sanford. Some communities in Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire receive nearly 3 feet.
Joseph Owen is a retired copy desk chief of the Morning Sentinel and Kennebec Journal and board member of the Kennebec Historical Society. He can be contacted at: [email protected]
Maine's marijuana market in legislative spotlight
Man accused of killing neighbor with machete to go on trial
This Day in Maine History


Bank of England policymakers are growing increasingly uneasy about the UK's record low interest rates – but signalled on Wednesday that the first rise will not come until real wages start to recover.
Governor Mark Carney said "rates will need to start to rise" as the UK economy gets back to normal – GDP is already back at pre-crisis levels – but stressed the Bank's monetary policy committee was not yet satisfied with wage growth.
"The MPC has no pre-set course, and the timing of any increases in interest rates will be determined by the data," he told a conference in Glasgow, adding that any increases from the all-time low of 0.5% would be "gradual and limited".
His comments were reflected in the minutes of the July meeting of the MPC, which showed that although all nine members voted in favour of leaving rates on hold, a rise is drawing closer because "for some members the decision had become more balanced".
Wage growth has not consistently outpaced inflation since 2008, meaning that the average UK household has suffered falling real pay for a prolonged period. The latest official data showed that pay including bonuses rose by 0.3% from March to May compared with a year earlier, or by 0.7% when stripping out bonuses. In contrast, inflation was 1.5% in May, rising to 1.9% in June.
Economists said the MPC was likely to become increasingly divided in the coming months, with some members starting to vote for a rise in interest rates.
Philip Shaw, economist at Investec, said: "The August inflation report should be a watershed as one or more individuals may start to vote for higher interest rates and markets will consider that a rate increase is becoming a more realistic possibility. From [the] minutes though there is also a chance that the MPC changes its reaction function and places more weight on pay, which could delay any tightening."
Setting out the argument for an early rate rise, the MPC said there was potentially little risk associated with a small increase in borrowing costs against a backdrop of economic growth: "On one interpretation, the risk of a small rise in bank rates derailing the expansion and leaving inflation below the target in the medium term was receding as that expansion became more established."
The committee said it was likely that the degree of slack in the economy is being absorbed more rapidly than the Bank had expected in May, when its forecasts were last updated. That suggests a rate rise would be appropriate sooner rather than later.
In the case against, members said there was little sign of inflationary pressures building, with wage growth "surprisingly weak". They noted: "There were early signs that global growth was weakening, and an unexpected increase in interest rates when real wages were not yet rising could lead to an outsized reaction in asset prices and destabilise the recovery."
The debate among MPC members underlined the difficulty it is facing trying to balance the risk of leaving rates too low amid strong growth, and raising them too quickly, leaving households and businesses vulnerable to a fresh shock.
Carney said that the Bank was concerned households would become too heavily indebted in a low interest rate environment, which would threaten the wider economy. "The Bank is well aware that a prolonged period of historically low interest rates could encourage other risks to develop. In the UK, the biggest risks are associated with the housing market," he said.
"History shows that the British people do everything they can to pay their mortgages. That means cutting back deeply on expenditures when the unexpected happens. If a lot of people are highly indebted, that could tip the economy into recession."
The Bank is predicting growth will peak at 0.9% in the second quarter, following 0.8% growth in the first quarter. The MPC expects growth to slow modestly in the second half of the year.
Committee members suggested that the UK housing market was cooling, following a drop in mortgage approvals and applications, and a fall in buyer inquiries in London, which would probably start to weigh on house-price growth.
"Taking all these factors together there was some expectation that, when the committee came to update its forecast, the outlook for activity in the housing market would be slightly less strong than it had previously thought.
"Weakening housing-market activity might in due course lead to some moderation in house price inflation."
At the July meeting – the first attended by new MPC member Kristin Forbes – committee members expressed surprise at how little markets were reacting to rising geopolitical risks.
"Global financial markets continued to be relatively unresponsive to both economic risks and geopolitical events. Market measures of uncertainty about future asset prices suggested that, for a wide range of assets, it was surprisingly low. Some increase in volatility was likely as the monetary stance became less expansionary in advanced countries."


text:
The Latest: Pressing On
Wendy Perron
Palestinian company El-Funoun continues to dance despite Israeli occupation.
El-Funoun in performance. Photo by Mouhammad Turokman, Courtesy El-Funoun.
Against all odds, one dance company has survived and thrived in the occupied Palestinian Territories for 35 years. Despite being located in the Ramallah district in the West Bank, El-Funoun Palestinian Popular Dance Troupe recently celebrated the anniversary by inviting 25 alumni to join its 30 dancers and 45 youth group members for a performance. This month the company premieres a new production for their youth troupe at the Ramallah Cultural Palace.
El-Funoun's years of success have not come without incessant struggle. The company performs in Palestine and neighboring Arab countries, nurturing dance groups that have sprouted up in villages, refugee camps and youth clubs. Under the Israeli occupation, however, mobility is increasingly limited. Checkpoints and bypass roads make what should be a 30-minute drive to Bethlehem take at least three hours. Access to water and electricity is also unpredictable. "Life under occupation is difficult," admits Noora Baker, a former El-Funoun dancer who now heads the troupe's training and production. "Yet with that difficulty comes challenge and resistance for us. El-Funoun is a collective, believing in humanity and justice, striving to set a good role model in its society."
Many of the dancers have traumatic stories of living under occupation. As a child, Baker witnessed her parents and sister being arrested, dragged out of the theater and kicked by soldiers. They were there during a peaceful demonstration performance—according to Baker, protest against the occupation is forbidden. Then, the theater was tear gassed, blotting out the rest of her memory of the incident.
Such stories only strengthen dancers' resolve to spread their art and make an impact on their community. When El-Funoun was founded it was an all-male troupe, but in 1981 women joined, breaking the cultural taboo of both genders performing together in public. The company's choreography was originally based on the dabke, the stomping, skipping folk dance that is a cherished part of Palestinian identity. "They chose dabke as a means for resistance to the occupation," says Baker. While still inspired by dabke, it has since evolved to include contemporary choreography, work by guest artists and experiments in new media. The company also helped establish Popular Art Centre in 1987, which offers classes in dabke, modern, ballet, salsa and jazz and hosts the Palestine International Festival for Dance and Music. And in a gesture of solidarity with its brothers under siege, proceeds from one of this season's performances will go toward supporting a youth group in Gaza.
New York choreographer Yoshiko Chuma, who has collaborated with the company, said, "Eighty percent of their lives is tragedy and 20 percent is happiness. Their work is based on the happiness. When people from El-Funoun told me their family's history, I had so much emotion to cry, but they do not cry. That is their strength."
el-funoun


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LISTEN: Interview with Creator of Unsolved Mysteries (AUDIO)
Cosgrove-Meurer Productions
On Friday morning we spoke with the Creator and Executive Producer of 'Unsolved Mysteries' Terry Dunn Meurer. The new 2020 series of 'Unsolved Mysteries' is coming to Netflix's steaming service with the first six epidoses available for viewing beginning Wednesday, July 1. Episode five is the Berkshire County UFO occurence of 1969.
Terry filled us in with production details of the new series, a synopsis of each of the six new episodes and a look back at the original series. Terry also mentioned how Unsolved Mysteries has helped solve numerous cases.
In a press release from Netflix, Terry said the following regarding the program solving cases:
We've seen how unanswered questions can haunt families and detectives for decades. People reach out to us because they appreciate the life-changing power of our show, and trust that we will present each case's facts in an honest, balanced way. Thus far, UNSOLVED MYSTERIES has helped solve over 260 cases. Just this spring, our thorough research and record-keeping aided in solving a 30-year old case. It's gratifying to know we've had an impact on people's lives.
I think we're in for a big treat come July 1. If you don't have Netflix's streaming service, you may want to subscribe now so you can view the new episodes.
You can listen to the audio from Friday's WSBS 'Let's Talk' interview with Terry as the segements are provided below.
Filed Under: Let's Talk, WSBS
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text:
#pragma once
#include <cstdint>

namespace xyuv {

//! \brief struct defining a subsampling mode.
//! \details i.e. How many luma samples occur per chroma sample.
struct subsampling {
    //! Defines many luma samples (and in what geometry) is used per chroma sample.
    //! \details Internally this is used to validate a xyuv::format_template  against a xyuv::chroma_siting .
    uint8_t macro_px_w, macro_px_h;
};

//! \brief Returns true if the subsampling mode is 444, i.e. One luma sample per chroma sample.
static inline bool is_444(const xyuv::subsampling &subsampling) {
    return subsampling.macro_px_w == 1 && subsampling.macro_px_h == 1;
}

bool operator==(const subsampling & lhs, const subsampling & rhs);

} // namespace xyuv

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A flexing shower base can cause leaks around your drain opening.
A squeaking shower base can be an annoying and potentially damaging bathroom problem. When shifting weight in the shower causes squeaks and groans, there is likely an unequal distribution of weight against your subfloor. While a complete fix may require removing the shower base, you can do a few things to attempt to repair a squeaking shower base.
A squeaking shower base can indicate a leak or long-term water damage. Before attempting any remedies, check your drain and water lines for any signs of loose fittings or damaged pipes. If you can gain access to the area beneath your bathroom floor, check the subfloor and joists for mold or mildew that would indicate a problem. Fix all leaks before tackling your squeak.
Shims are small pieces of wedge-shaped wood that are placed between two materials to take up space. Shims can be placed between your shower base and the subfloor to prevent rocking of the base with shifting weight. A package of shims can be purchased at most any home improvement store. Gaining access to the area beneath the shower base requires removing part of the bathroom floor around the base. Have someone stand in the shower and attempt to duplicate the squeak as you shim up the base. Insert shims between your shower base and subfloor anywhere you see a gap.
Oftentimes shower squeaks are actually floor squeaks, occurring between the subfloor and the wooden floor joists beneath the subfloor. To remedy a squeak between the subfloor and joists, you will need to gain access to the area beneath your bathroom floor. For a second-floor bathroom, this entails removing the ceiling from the first floor under the tub. For a first-floor bathroom, the homeowner will have to gain access to the basement or crawl space to reach the joists without removing the shower. The subfloor can then be shimmed between the joists and floor in the area beneath the shower.
There are a wide variety of injectable foam insulation products available on the market today. These materials can be injected into an enclosed area, such as beneath your shower base, and will take up space between the base and the floor. The foam insulation you use should not be of the expanding variety, as this can put undue stress on the shower base and may cause cracking. Opt for foam products rated for use around doors and windows, as these will be nonexpanding. Gain access to the area beneath the shower base by drilling from below and inject the foam insulation in the area of the squeak.
Leahey, Andrew. "How to Repair a Squeaking Shower Base." Home Guides | SF Gate, http://homeguides.sfgate.com/repair-squeaking-shower-base-37247.html. Accessed 21 April 2019.