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silavor
Juvesquirt
Post by silavor on May 8, 2016 3:13:32 GMT
This is mostly just a half-baked idea, but I think Thieves are more Active because we almost never see their powers manifest externally. Like Lords and Princes, their powers are quite internalized, and only become visible in the most dire of circumstances. Even then, they only manifest as small beams or a minor emblem in the shape of their aspect to indicate a power is being used. Thief being more Active than Prince might also explain why Thief steal-beams are smaller externally than Prince destruction-beams. As far as we've seen, Caliborn's Lord powers are entirely internalized, with no external manifestations whatsoever.
On the flip side, the largest noticeable Class powers are Calliope's black hole, Jake's hope field, and John's Windy Thing (particularly when it engulfs the entirety of LOWAS during his quest, though that might have been using the pipe organ as an amplifier), all of which come from highly Passive classes.
Last Edit: May 8, 2016 3:14:23 GMT by silavor
Post by legendary on May 8, 2016 4:56:53 GMT
My opinions on Witches is that they are highly active but they definitely aren't supposed to start that way! I believe that they tend to start with powerful familiars or similar relationships, and that a big part of their growth is losing that familiar and learning to work without their back-up. I guess maybe a typical culmination of their arc would be to get that back-up back? Jade became Bec, Feferi got to boss HTs around...
May 8, 2016 3:13:32 GMT silavor said:
Really? I feel like a lot of the Thief stuff is externally-oriented. Vriska's "luck" isn't just a thing within herself--we see it specifically affect events external to her person, fixing the results of dice and coins, forcing bad events to happen to her enemies--and she can only have the luck she has by taking it away from external sources, not because she provides it herself. The Condesce's life-extending powers could apply to the life present in other beings, but she couldn't create life on her own--only manipulate it when it existed outside her.
Further, when really do we see Jade (or Feferi, or Damara for that matter) doing anything with their aspects when it's not dire circumstances? Spending only a couple of minutes saving her whole session and skedaddling before it gets erased from existence seems pretty dire--and in basically every other circumstance, the only powers she displays are self-teleportation and...smell, I guess? I can't really think of any other specific powers she uses. And Fef's only power use in the whole comic was the God Tier ghost of her, healing WV before he bled to death, which seems pretty dire too (albeit less than Jade's situation).
I say that Witches are -6, as it's supposed to be "highly" active, but the next most active space not taken by Lord or Prince is -4, and how can the fourth out of seven be considered "highly" active? It's in the dead center of the scale, so you have to start assuming odd things about the classes' distribution on the scale to justify it being above average.
I use "manipulate" as their verb, on the strength of this foreshadowing: "I borrowed this technology from my grandmother who had quite the way with manipulating space. Legend tells she was something of a witch with the stuff!"
May 8, 2016 12:58:49 GMT heirloomairloom said:
But then... manipulate is really kind of vague. I mean, it really basically means they can do whatever the heck they want with it as long as it's not destroyed or created, in which case, why would you actually need most other classes?
Post by obsidalicious on May 9, 2016 0:36:57 GMT
I tend to put Witches at -6 and Thieves at -4. Although I tend not to worry about it too much, I always felt that the exact ordinal arrangement of classes was one of the lest significant parts of the Classpect system.
As for why I choose these placings: It can certainly be said that the Thieves uphold the 'For self' clause of the Active Paradigm much more so than the Witches, but of course there's much more to being Active than just being a prick. On the Exploitative side, I feel like the Witches pull well ahead. Vriska's power seems somewhat passive(in the dictionary sense). We never see her having to consciously exert or will the Luck to fall in her favour, it just seems to happen as a natural effect. In an actual video game of some kind, it seems comparable to just having a passive perk that grants you a higher chance to land a critical hit, rather than some activatable, skill based ability. The Witches on the other hand, are very purposeful with their powers. Space doesn't just bend around Jade, Jade grabs Space by the family jewels and twists it herself. The same seems to go for Feferi and Damara to various extents. When Vriska gets lucky, she isn't really doing anything impossible. Her luck is extremely unlikely, but the laws of physics themselves don't have to be rewritten or suspended to make her powers work. But when Jade gets her hands on things, she's seemingly able to permanently alter the basic rules of physics that ought to be inviolable. She shrinks down planets to a fraction of their size, yet no issues about gravity or matter compression seem to arise. Similarly for Feferi, we're told several times that the Ghosts of the Dream Bubbles should not be, that Death should in fact be the final chapter, but she went and persuaded eldritch outer gods to suspend that rule. This sort of behaviour, of outright messing with otherwise hard rules/laws males the Witches highly exploitative to me, enough to put them ahead of the Thieves.
Post by amiabletemplar on May 10, 2016 13:12:39 GMT
May 9, 2016 0:36:57 GMT obsidalicious said:
Though it does contain one of the few bits where we actually CAN say "no, those classes can't be paired" or "no, that theory can't work." Because paired classes need "significant disparity." So if someone thinks (say) Seer is +2, then whatever class it's paired with must be pretty highly active, I wouldn't really accept anything smaller than -3 myself and probably more like -4.
I don't deny that it can be a rather tedious topic to discuss, but it's very useful. In fact, most of our solid facts about classes, that aren't specifically pairing-related, have something to do with the ordinal scale.
All well-argued, and I agree with you. Don't really have anything to say beyond that!
Raise of the Conductor's Baton
Classpect Discussion Thread May 10, 2016 13:24:04 GMT via mobile
Post by loading on May 10, 2016 13:24:04 GMT
May I point out that Vriska actively stole luck against the chess piece on the meteor? Still, I don't think that a single counterpoint disproves that.
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We can't say for sure that she actually did a deliberate act right there and then. It could be that the flashing words are just there to inform the reader about what's happening.
It could, but you can infer the limits of what counts as manipulation by looking at the other verbs. So, for example, the fact that "steal" is a verb means that a sample of an Aspect's location or ownership aren't normally the things being manipulated. (Jade is an outlier here. She can manipulate an object's location by manipulating Space, because location falls under Space.) It obviously doesn't overlap with understanding either, which leaves only the Knight/Page verb as possibly having its niche being infringed upon by manipulate. But, like with steal, there are plenty of verbs that have conceptual space of their own separate from manipulation.
Though I broadly agree with the original point about Witches being more active than Thieves, we get plenty of confirmation that Vriska controls her powers.
p=005671
"The Thief used her abilities to steal the fortune of her opponent, and forced the flip to yield what she regarded as the most favorable outcome."
"This was to be seen as an implicit dare to the Thief to allow the flip to fall fairly..."
The dare doesn't work if Vriska is incapable of choosing when she does and doesn't steal, as there's no way for her to allow the coin to fall fairly otherwise.
Further, in Collide, Vriska sits still to strike a pose while a Light symbol appears around her eye during her fight with Hussie, after which a memory of Maplehoof falls on him. This was presumably to show her drawing on her store of stolen luck, and she has no reason to stop fighting if the ability activates itself without her input.
Color me unconvinced. Verbs that can do everything, but JUST SO HAPPEN to be limited by the game so they can't step on anyone else's toes, strike me as still bad verbs. You shouldn't need to carefully prune obviously over-general verbs until they no longer make a particular class completely overpowered, nor should you need to add extremely metaphorical/reaching definitions of a verb until it no longer makes a particular class completely useless.
The definition of "manipulate," excluding the relatively obscure medical definition, is:
1. to manage or influence skillfully, especially in an unfair manner: to manipulate people's feelings.
2. to handle, manage, or use, especially with skill, in some process of treatment or performance: to manipulate a large tractor.
3. to adapt or change (accounts, figures, etc.) to suit one's purpose or advantage.
By definition, stealing something is managing influencing it skillfully--influencing ownership, influencing property. There literally isn't an action you cannot define as either manipulating a situation or manipulating one's aspect to produce a particular situation. Even "destruction," since clearly it requires skill for a Prince to use his powers effectively (Eridan only became "good" at destroying with Hope once he had a focus for his talents, for example). So, no, I don't accept the argument that you can just prune away all the other class definitions. Even if it doesn't end up stepping on any particular class's toes, it's still "I can do everything, except the narrow selection of things I'm arbitrarily not allowed to do." And it certainly doesn't actually tell us anything about the character's "narrative role" or the like, since manipulating situations, or manipulating one's aspect, is what everyone does--just with specific goals, instead of an open-ended "everything but what other people do" goal.
I kinda hope a classpect document/book comes out so this thread will burst with activity. I like classpect
May 11, 2016 17:29:02 GMT amiabletemplar said:
Also, they must be restricted to only manipulating their Aspect, instead of manipulating with it, as that would also make them generic to the point of covering everything. That ability can safely go to the other Manipulators, Sylphs, because with them it is heavily constrained by their focus on healing.
So is your Sylph "One who uses Aspect to Manipulate, but arbitrarily restricted to Healing"? Isn't that needlessly complicated? Would it not just be simpler to describe them as "One who heals" or some variation upon that theme? Not to mention that it seems like a bit of a stretch to pair them with the Witch this way where you say the Witch 'Manipulates' for a certain meaning of that word, and the Sylph is a Healer, which is another kind of Manipulation. By this logic we could pair anything with anything.
Post by thecrystalship on May 12, 2016 3:11:57 GMT
These days I tend to just go with the "obvious" pairings again (Seer/Mage, Page/Knight, Heir/Maid, Sylph/Witch), but since it would be a bit awkward for healers to be female-exclusive and there are a few other reasons why Heirs seem like healers to me, I would also go with Heir/Sylph and Maid/Witch. Either of those configurations seem right to me.
May 12, 2016 3:11:57 GMT thecrystalship said:
Considering that the Destroyers are exclusively male, not only do I think that it's possible for the healers/creators to be female exclusive, I also feel that it has a tinge of appropriateness, if only for the sake of pattern.
(Note that I'm not saying that it's ideal or 'proper' for healers to be female in general, just that the Classpect System has set a precedent for correlation between role and gender)
Also, I've never seen Maid/Heir as an "obvious" pair. In fact I can only think of one other person who had it, and they had actually had -Heir/+Maid as "One who is made of Aspect". Maid/Sylph and Witch/Heir are far more common.
(I'm laying out my pairs as Active/Passive, in case it wasn't obvious)
It isn't very elegant, I agree. However, we can't just assign each class whatever arbitrary definition best fits it, because the classpect system is structured. If Sylph's verb is heal, then some other class must share it, and there are no good candidates. The closest one is Heir, which doesn't really work and which has been near-universally rejected by the thread when it's come up in the past. Witches, Seers, Maids, Knights, and Pages have all done things blatantly unrelated to healing. That leaves only Mages, and only because we see so little of them that we can't conclusively say there's any definition that couldn't apply to them. I guess Sollux was healed by undeath once (when the creation of Erisolsprite fixed his eyes). But I'm hesitant to define a class as "one who is healed by Aspect," as all of the other classes are defined by things they do, or at least allow, so it's odd to have one designated for people based solely on what happens to them.
(Mage/Slyph also directly implies Witch/Maid and either Knight/Seer and Page/Heir or Page/Seer and Knight/Heir, so isn't viable for anyone who isn't willing to endorse those exact pairs.)
The fact that the classpect system is sexist is brought up in the comic itself. Porrim critiqued Sgrub for it, and, given that the Beforus trolls are an extended contemporary internet metaphor, the real awkward thing would be to introduce a feminist character claiming a video game is sexist only for it to turn out she's wrong.
Post by alleywaycreeper on May 12, 2016 14:55:59 GMT
However, we can't just assign each class whatever arbitrary definition best fits it, because the classpect system is structured. If Sylph's verb is heal, then some other class must share it, and there are no good candidates. The closest one is Heir, which doesn't really work and which has been near-universally rejected by the thread when it's come up in the past.
So because the most logical verb for Sylph to have is heal, and there doesn't appear to you to be any other class that could share that verb, you want to use one that could be applied to basically every classpect? I'm honestly just making sure I've got that right.
Post by thecrystalship on May 12, 2016 19:00:55 GMT
This is true, but also remember that in the Mother series of games, which Homestuck obviously takes a lot of inspiration from, the male protagonist is always the primary healer of the party. So even when it comes to JRPGs, the genre from which many of these gendered tropes are born, it's by no means a hard and fast rule.
What is wrong with the Maid? In Jane's case, obviously one could speculate that it's just Life that giver her healing, but it could also be said that Aradia spent the entire session healing/fixing the timeline, from all the mistakes her comrades made.
Besides that, some make the argument that 'Healing' is a Passive form of Creation i.e. reactionary Creation that attempts to maintain the status quo of things existing. In that case the Maid much more better fits as a Creator if you're not satisfied with them as a Healer.
Post by ashercrane on May 12, 2016 21:00:43 GMT
On the other hand, isn't that more or less the role of Time players in general, to fix places where the timline is messed up ? Dave went back to fix John's death, does thay make him a healer? I feel like it's probably closet to Aradia's role being a bit more nebulous, and so harder to figure out, so it's easy to just throw it into where we have it.
May 12, 2016 21:00:43 GMT ashercrane said:
Dave did that once, and didn't like the way that it left extra Dave's around. Since then he dedicated his efforts to a more preventative approach where he exploited Time Travel to do things right the first time, rather than fixing what had broken, so I'd say his role with respect to the Timeline is fairly distinct from Aradia's.
May 12, 2016 14:55:59 GMT alleywaycreeper said:
Technically, the two aren't related. I assigned Manipulate to Witch, so Sylph must share it because they are paired. I want to use a verb "that could be applied to every classpect" because the comic itself used it as part of a hint about Jade being a Witch, in relation to something (the growing/shrinking rays she made) that was later repeated by her class powers. I also provided a defense of why changing the qualities of examples of your Aspect does not significantly overlap with destroy/stealing/understanding/making your Aspect.
Aradia's power to freeze people in time is unrelated to healing. Jane has the opposite problem. While she has to power to resurrect people, she never heals anyone or anything except through her powers, nor could she have replaced any of her power usages with more mundane means. Though, to be fair, Life needs to have some kind of non-obvious features for her to have done anything with it, and I'm sure that there's something we could choose to add to it that she "healed" through kicking off Trickster mode.
But if Maid/Sylph are a pair of Healers, then what is the disctinction between them? It can't be self vs. others centered, because Aradia and Jane both heal for the good of others. It also can't be using their Aspect to heal vs. allowing their Aspect to heal, because Kanaya takes an active hand in repairing her species's reproductive cycle. Why is Aranea a Sylph instead of a Maid, or Jane a Maid instead of a Sylph?
Changing to "create" fixes some of this, but it undermines your original objection. How is "one who creates, except they're only capable of creating for the purpose of healing because that returns things to the status quo" any less arbitrary than "one who manipulates, but is incabale of manipulating except for the purpose of healing, because that returns things to the status quo"?


Singer Black G known among others for his song "Babiri Babiri kuri piste» has signed a one-year contract with the telecommunication company Smart Mobile Burundi. We learn that he will be their brand ambassador appearing on billboards and at promotional events of the brand throughout the country.
He continues: "There are certain areas up country where Smart had not yet installed comfortably. We want to go to there and let them know that Smart is the most accessible network in Burundi, the one that allows everyone regardless their social status to meet one of the most basic needs: communication ".


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PTA Bank's ability to finance projects and raise funds in the international money markets has received a shot in the arm following new rating accorded by a top international rating agency.
The Eastern and Southern African Trade and Development bank has been assigned a Double B minus (BB-) long term rating by Fitch Ratings, one of the top three international rating agencies.
According to the bank's president, Dr Michael Gondwe, the new rating is proof that the bank is on the way to becoming a global bank.
Fitch Ratings is a global rating agency committed to providing the world's credit markets with independent and prospective credit opinions, research, and data.
Fitch Ratings is widely recognised by investors, issuers and bankers for its credible, transparent and timely coverage.
The strong support from China and AfDB enabled the bank to acquire the new rating.
The two shareholders, among others, subscribed to the Bank's callable capital, which was recently enhanced following the bank's first general capital increase.
Although Fitch says that some of the shareholders have weak ratings, the strong support from China and ADB weighs heavily in favour of a good rating.
"This means that they are committed to injecting more capital in case of need," says Fitch in its report on the bank. Callable capital has been increased from 66.6 per cent to 80 per cent of total capital.
"The success of the 2007 capital increase is evidence of shareholders' willingness to support the bank," added Fitch.
The new rating, now places PTA Bank higher than Common Markets for Eastern and Southern Africa countries which have been rated by the agency — Kenya (B+), Malawi (B-) Rwanda (B), and Uganda (B).
In addition, the rating is a notch below that of the Development Bank of South Africa, one of the continent's leading development financial institutions, which has been rated BBB+.
"PTA Bank credit rating relies largely on the support from its shareholders and also takes into account the strong capitalisation and high liquidity of the bank," says Fitch.
Last year, the bank's shareholders agreed to increase the bank's authorized capital base to US dollars 2 billion while the paid in capital was doubled to US dollars 236 million.
During the year, the Bank also received a US dollars 100 million financial package from the African Development Bank, in the form of a $50 million line of credit, a $1.6 million technical assistance facility, and the rest in terms of paid-in and callable capital commitment.
"We believe that these facilities will help us weather the current global credit crunch in addition to strengthening the Bank's regional presence through its intervention in various markets in the eastern and southern African region," says Dr Gondwe.
The PTA Bank counts among its shareholders seventeen African countries in addition to the People's Republic of China and the African Development Bank, the institutional shareholder.
Both China and ADB hold a 12.3 percent shareholding in the Bank.
The PTA Bank is the financial arm of COMESA but membership is open to non-COMESA States and other institutional shareholders.
The PTA Bank membership comprises seventeen member states, sixteen of which are COMESA members: Burundi, China, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. China is the first non-regional member state to join the PTA Bank in 2000. ADB is the institutional shareholder.


text:
Billy Klauser
In November 2018, Billy joined as the Deputy Director of ASSURE (The Alliance for System Safety of UAS through Research Excellence) which is the FAA's Center of Excellence for UAS Research. He is responsible for business development and assisting with the ongoing success of the COE for the FAA.
Prior to joining ASSURE, he mostly recently served as the Chief of Economic Development for the State of Mississippi at the Mississippi Development Authority (MDA), the state's lead economic development agency. He oversaw the recruitment and retention of all companies looking to locate or expand in Mississippi. He was also responsible for the international trade, business intelligence and workforce divisions'.
Billy Klauser has served as Director of the Financial Resources Division of the Mississippi Development Authority. He was responsible for providing guidance to companies on available tax incentives and administers several incentive programs for businesses locating or expanding in Mississippi.
Before joining MDA in 2009, he previously worked at the Mississippi Department of Revenue for seventeen years, where he served as the director of miscellaneous tax and, most recently, as the director of income tax.
Billy has a bachelor's degree in banking and finance from Mississippi State University and an Accounting Certificate from Mississippi College.
Billy Klauser Deputy Director
bklauser@assure.msstate.edu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Home › Reviews › Doogee Mix 2 Review: Quad cameras equals better performance?
Doogee Mix 2 Review: Quad cameras equals better performance?
Doogee entered the Philippines last year with the near bezel-less Mix smartphone. It had smooth performance but the cameras were its weakness.
Now, the Doogee Mix 2 tries a different design with an 18:9 display and quad cameras while retaining the former's Helio P25 chip and 6GB RAM. Does this make the device perform better? Let's find out.
The shiny back of the Doogee Mix 2.
The Doogee Mix 2 is surrounded by chamfered metal on all sides while both the front and back are both made up of shiny glass with subtly curved edges.
Other mid-range smartphones are now designed with slim and curvy builds, this one seems muscular. It's heavy and feels robust.
Perhaps the disadvantage of the phone's design is its smudge-prone glass. It has to be wiped every now and then. There is a free phone case included in the package though.
The screen is one aspect where the Doogee Mix 2 shines. It's a 5.99-inch panel with 18:9 aspect ratio and a resolution of 1080 x 2160 pixels.
Colors look vibrant, brightness is decent and responsiveness is on point. The narrow bezels and rounded corners are welcome additional features too.
Thankfully, Doogee cut down on the cartoonish look of the phone's user interface. It's still running on Doogee OS but it looks more like stock Android Nougat.
The Doogee Mix 2 has smooth performance in simple tasks like opening apps, browsing websites and scrolling down Facebook news feed.
It scores an average of 66,000 points on Antutu Benchmark v6.2.7 and takes 18.51 seconds to calculate one million digits of Pi using Real Pi Benchmark by GeorgieLabs.
The phone's gaming performance is decent. It can run Tekken, Pokemon Go and Mobile Legends on high graphics quality with just a few dropped frames. However, Rules of Survival is jittery when the graphics quality is set to Ultra. It needs to be a step down to be enjoyable.
Yes, the Doogee Mix 2 has quad cameras – two on the front and two on the back.
Its rear cameras can take decent pictures of landscapes, food and people in good lighting conditions. However, its bokeh effect is a simple circular blur around a chosen point. It also struggles in scenes that need dynamic range as well as in low light with shots bordering on being unusable.
On the other hand, its dual selfie camera performs better and makes use of the secondary camera effectively. Instead of a bokeh effect, its use is in taking wide angle selfies. The only downside is you need to be in a well-lit environment since it has no front LED flash.
The Doogee Mix 2 is a dual SIM smartphone with 4G LTE connectivity. Using mobile data to browse the internet is speedy but signal reception isn't top notch.
It uses the reversible USB Type-C port. This comes with a sacrifice though as there is no 3.5mm audio jack to be found.
Doogee included several adaptors to offset the new technology. There is a 3.5mm audio jack to USB Type-C adaptor and another one for microUSB 2.0 to USB Type-C.
In terms of battery life, the Doogee Mix 2 seems to perform better than its peers. It scored 10 hours and 16 minutes on PCMark's Battery Test which means it can easily last the entire day with moderate use.
Charging the device requires a little more than 2 hours using the bundled charger.
I'm having second thoughts in recommending the Doogee Mix 2 since I know that majority of smartphone users use their devices to take pictures and this one might disappoint.
The strengths of the device is in its display, battery life and performance. It's now available online on Lazada Philippines.


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Home > Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects > Theses and Dissertations > 2591
Precipitation Evaluation Of The North Dakota Cloud Modification Project (NDCMP) Using Rain Gauge Observations
Matthew Erik Tuftedal
David Delene
North Dakota farmers' interest in using weather modification to increase precipitation and reduce hail damage resulted in a managed cost-sharing program, the North Dakota Cloud Modification Project (NDCMP), being started in 1976. The goal of this research is to determine the effectiveness of NDCMP at increasing precipitation by using the rain gauge observations of National Weather Service (NWS) Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) and North Dakota Atmospheric Resource Board Cooperative Observer Network (NDARBCON). The rain gauge analysis uses target and control regions. Target regions are selected from counties in District I and II that have participated in all 41 years of the NDCMP. Control regions are counties adjacent to the target counties. Precipitation is evaluated on a monthly and seasonal (June, July, and August) basis over the 41-year program.
Multiple analysis methods are used to examine the available rain gauge data. In one method, rain gauge data is analyzed by overlaying a circle with a radius of 40 km over each target and control region. Rain gauges are weighted to a central point within the circle. Monthly and seasonal rainfall totals are calculated within these circles. In another method, rain gauge data from the entire county is used to calculate county-wide average monthly and seasonal rainfall totals. In a third approach, all rain gauges from the target and control counties are combined to generate one large target and one large control dataset. Single and double ratios are calculated for each target and control region in the circle-based and county-based analyses. Bootstrapping is applied to the single and double ratios to determine the natural variation over the 41 years. An exploratory analysis in which single and multiple linear regression is created using 1950-1975 seasonal rainfall to predict what the rainfall in the target area would be without the seeding effect. These various methods provide an exploratory statistical analysis of the program, not a physical process evaluation.
The circular method shows that four out of the nine target/control double ratios have the target region receiving 2 to 8% more precipitation during the NDCMP years; however, only one out of the four increases are considered statistically significant based off the one tailed significance test. The 95% confidence intervals for these target/control pairs range from a small decrease to a small increase. The county-based method shows that six out of the nine double ratios have a range of 2 to 12% more precipitation in the target than the control region during the NDCMP years. Of those six, three cases are determined to be statistically significant by one tailed significance test. The single linear regression method shows an increase of 1 to 12% in target areas during NDCMP years in all but two of the target/control pairings when the standard error of the estimate is less than 1.50 (± 6%). Multiple linear regression shows an increase of 3 to 7% in target areas during NDCMP years when the standard error is less than 1.50 (± 6%) in 7 out of 12 analyzed cases.
Increases in rainfall due to cloud seeding in most instances are small and hard to detect statistically because it is difficult to predict how much rain would have fallen in the target areas during NDCMP years if seeding had not occurred. Uncertainties are caused by limited rain gauge data in the years before the NDCMP, from which natural target/control relationships can be determined. Results show that McKenzie county has an increase in rainfall when compared to control counties to its south and southwest, likely due to these cloud seeding efforts.
Tuftedal, Matthew Erik, "Precipitation Evaluation Of The North Dakota Cloud Modification Project (NDCMP) Using Rain Gauge Observations" (2019). Theses and Dissertations. 2591.
https://commons.und.edu/theses/2591


OAKLAND, Calif., July 1, 2015 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Cal/OSHA is urging all employers, particularly those in the Sacramento Valley and adjacent foothills, to protect their outdoor workers from heat illness. The National Weather Service has issued an excessive heat warning for these areas, where temperatures are expected to rise to highs of 115 degrees through Friday morning. Heat warnings are issued when weather conditions pose a threat to life.
"We want to ensure that the rules in place are followed to protect outdoor workers during soaring temperatures," said Christine Baker, Director of the Department of Industrial Relations (DIR). The Division of Occupational Safety and Health, known as Cal/OSHA, is a division of DIR.
"Heat illness can be life threatening," said Cal/OSHA Chief Juliann Sum. "That's why employers are required to make sure outdoor workers have enough shade, water and rest, even if they don't see visible symptoms of sickness."
Cal/OSHA's award-winning heat illness prevention campaign, the first of its kind in the nation, includes enforcement of heat regulations as well as outreach and training for California's employers and workers.
Online information on the heat illness prevention requirements and training materials can be obtained at Cal/OSHA's Heat Illness web page or the Water. Rest. Shade. campaign site. A Heat Illness Prevention e-tool is also available on Cal/OSHA's website.
Cal/OSHA helps protect workers from health and safety hazards on the job in almost every workplace in California. Cal/OSHA's Consultation Services Branch provides free and voluntary assistance to employers and employee organizations to improve their health and safety programs. Employers should call (800) 963-9424 for assistance from Cal/OSHA Consultation Services.
Employees with work-related questions or complaints may contact DIR's Call Center in English or Spanish at 844-LABOR-DIR (844-522-6734), or the California Workers' Information Hotline at 866-924-9757 for recorded information in English and Spanish on a variety of work-related topics.


text:
<?php

namespace Sabre\CalDAV\Xml\Request;

use Sabre\CalDAV\Plugin;
use Sabre\DAV\Exception\BadRequest;
use Sabre\VObject\DateTimeParser;
use Sabre\Xml\Reader;
use Sabre\Xml\XmlDeserializable;

class FreeBusyQueryReport implements XmlDeserializable {

    /**
     * Starttime of report
     *
     * @var DateTime|null
     */
    public $start;

    /**
     * End time of report
     *
     * @var DateTime|null
     */
    public $end;

    /**
     * The deserialize method is called during xml parsing.
     *
     * This method is called statically, this is because in theory this method
     * may be used as a type of constructor, or factory method.
     *
     * Often you want to return an instance of the current class, but you are
     * free to return other data as well.
     *
     * You are responsible for advancing the reader to the next element. Not
     * doing anything will result in a never-ending loop.
     *
     * If you just want to skip parsing for this element altogether, you can
     * just call $reader->next();
     *
     * $reader->parseInnerTree() will parse the entire sub-tree, and advance to
     * the next element.
     *
     * @param Reader $reader
     * @return mixed
     */
    static function xmlDeserialize(Reader $reader) {

        $timeRange = '{' . Plugin::NS_CALDAV . '}time-range';

        $start = null;
        $end = null;

        foreach ((array)$reader->parseInnerTree([]) as $elem) {

            if ($elem['name'] !== $timeRange) continue;

            $start = empty($elem['attributes']['start']) ?: $elem['attributes']['start'];
            $end = empty($elem['attributes']['end']) ?: $elem['attributes']['end'];

        }
        if (!$start && !$end) {
            throw new BadRequest('The freebusy report must have a time-range element');
        }
        if ($start) {
            $start = DateTimeParser::parseDateTime($start);
        }
        if ($end) {
            $end = DateTimeParser::parseDateTime($end);
        }
        $result = new self();
        $result->start = $start;
        $result->end = $end;

        return $result;

    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Nintendo fans will now get to enjoy Dragon Ball Xenoverse 2 when it launches September 22nd for Nintendo Switch. The Nintendo Switch version will feature controls specific for the Nintendo Switch and players will be able to execute famous moves such as the Kamehameha and the Spirit Bomb with the Joy Con Motion Controls. Players will also be able to join friends for grand Dragon Ball adventures through a six-player local play mode, exclusive to the Nintendo Switch.


text:
Fighting the Global Gag Rule
Despite statements to the contrary, the rule is resulting in tragic circumstances for women abroad.
By Isabelle Lindenmayer
In July, during the first US Senate hearing to examine the impact of the global gag rule on family planning services abroad, the Foreign Relations Committee heard the story of Min Min Lama, a teenage girl living in the mountains of Nepal. At age 13, she was raped by a family member–and sentenced to twenty years in prison for the crime of having an abortion.
Unable to ignore Nepal's dangerously high maternal mortality rate–one caused largely by unsafe abortions–the Nepal Ministry of Health recently joined forces with a slew of nongovernmental organizations to put an end to the country's restrictive abortion law. Enter: George W. Bush toting the global gag rule, named for a clause that prohibits US-funded NGOs from lobbying their governments to legalize abortion. Exit: all NGOs involved in a decriminalization movement that depends on US funds for survival.
The July Senate hearing was one of several attempts by some in Washington to overturn the global gag rule. With the split currently so close in Congress–a May House vote to uphold the policy passed by a margin of only 218 to 210, and several Senate Republicans have agreed to challenge the rule–there may be hope. On July 26, the Senate Appropriations Committee marked up the Foreign Operations Appropriations bill to include language overturning the gag rule and increasing funding for family planning; on August 1, the Foreign Relations Committee amended the Global Democracy Promotion Act to include similar language. Most recently, the American Bar Association voted to adopt a resolution against the gag rule.
Many Republican politicians, swearing that the gag rule will not affect the health of women in developing countries, are quick to point out that the European Union and private organizations have picked up the financial slack created by what European activists deem "American cruelty." But in the six months since Bush's decision to reinstate the 1984 Mexico City Policy, there have been dramatic consequences for the welfare of women abroad. Countries that have thus far reported serious repercussions from signing on to the gag rule or refusing US funds include Bangladesh, Bolivia, Peru, South Africa, Tanzania and Turkey.
Nepal, with the fourth-highest maternal morbidity rate in the world, is a prime example of a country dramatically affected by the change in policy. Roughly six women in Nepal die every day from unsafe abortions. At the same time, Nepal has one of the most punitive abortion laws in the world–one in five women incarcerated in Nepal are imprisoned for abortion. Women faced with the realities of abortion are often young, with 50 percent of Nepali women bearing a child by age 19.
The Family Planning Association of Nepal (FPAN), the country's largest reproductive health and family-planning NGO, has received financial support from the US government for nearly thirty years. In 1994 FPAN launched an advocacy campaign to liberalize the existing abortion law. As a result, the Nepal Parliament is currently considering ratification of the Eleventh Amendment of the National Civil Code, which legalizes abortion up to the twelfth week; abortion in cases of rape, incest or life-threatening conditions would be allowed until the eighteenth week. Abortion after this period would still be punishable by a prison sentence of five years.
The reinstatement of the gag rule forced FPAN to face either deserting its advocacy campaign or losing its US funding. "This is the challenge," Dr. Nirmal Bista, director general of FPAN, explained. "Do I listen to my own government, which has asked FPAN to help save women's lives, or do I listen to the US government?" Dr. Bista chose the former and has lost almost $250,000 in US funds, which could mean the closure of one or all three of FPAN's clinics.
The story of Nepal is one of many that will continue to surface as this restrictive policy halts the progress of women's rights in developing countries. There will come a time when the Bush Administration can no longer pretend not to grasp simple logic–that the penalty inflicted by the gag rule leads to the loss of family-planning funds, which increases unintended pregnancies and the demand for abortion services. Meanwhile, President Bush will continue to assert his conviction that the United States has the right to shape policy abroad, regardless of its effects on free speech, democratic ideals or human lives.
For more information on how to participate in the effort to overturn the global gag rule, see the following sites:
The Center for Reproductive Law and Policy (CRLP) provides a wealth of information on the gag rule as well as explanations of the effects of the gag rule worldwide. CRLP has filed suit against President Bush for censoring the speech of Americans under the gag rule. You can sign an online petition urging President Bush to repeal the policy, or fill out a brief questionnaire on how the gag rule may affect your organization.
International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) works with member associations throughout the developing world and is one of the few organizations that have refused to sign the global gag rule. This site includes an online petition, questions and answers about the gag rule and numerous links, commentary and news alerts.
Pathfinder International provides women, men and adolescents in the developing world with access to quality family-planning services. Take action by joining the group's e-mail action network and becoming a "Pathfinder for Policy." The network provides updates on current international family-planning legislation and sends out e-mail alerts that include sample letters to members of Congress.
Isabelle LindenmayerIsabelle Lindenmayer is a freelance writer and a former Nation intern.


Decorate your neckline with the original jewelery that you can design exactly as you imagine. Put a fairytale theme for your little princess or a design that makes this jewel a real jewel. Engage your fantasy and showcase the true original. Your décolleté can decorate a photo of your beloved person, the motive for which you have a real velvet, but also the texture that will make the medallion a great addition to your favorite outfit.
Neck pendant with 26 x 28 mm dimensions made of stainless steel. Part of the medallion is also a smooth rubber band with fastening. Supplied with a gift bag. Impressive fingerprint-resistant print quality.


Serving Norfolk with property maintenance, repairs and improvement services. Whether it's a major project, or you're just looking for a handyman for odd jobs, we undertake all work large or small, in commercial and residential premises in Norfolk, UK. Based in Dereham, Norfolk, UK, we're within easy reach of Norwich and provide free estimates with no obligation.
• Plumbing repairs and installations • Wall and floor tiling • Stud-work walls & Plastering • Carpentry • Fences & gate repairs/installation • Glazing • Home Improvement, Alterations & Renovation • Handyman services • Drainage cleared and repaired • Guttering cleared • Locks changed and opened • Painting and decorating etc • Handyman jobs.
Handmade sheds build to order: Our sheds are made to any size or spec to suit your needs. All sheds are fitted on-site if required or can be purchased for you to erect yourself. Our sheds are built to last using quality materials and timber. Please call us for any enquiries and advice, or a quote for a new shed.
DMS has over 20 years experience of providing expert property maintenance services to commercial and residential premises in Norfolk, UK. For further information about our services and free estimates please don't hesitate to contact us by clicking here.


ICE says they do their best to minimize the time that expecting mothers spend in detention. But the average time spent in detention for the 559 pregnant women detained since 2012 was just four days shorter than the average time for all people held in detention, according to a Freedom of Information Act request obtained by Fusion.
ICE provided data for only six of its facilities, which house an estimated 39 percent of the women held in detention. The total number of pregnant women kept behind bars is likely much higher.
A Human Rights Watch report found that access to prenatal care varies considerably from one facility to another. ICE policy says that all pregnant women should have access to obstetricians and appropriate nutrition.
Earlier this month, the Obama administration asked Congress for $897 million in additional funding to detain and deport undocumented Central American parents entering the country.


A business report may be defined as an organized assertion of facts or occasions or any state of affairs referring to business or industrial interests prepared after an investigation and offered to the fascinated persons with or without recommendations. It facilitates the analysis of progress and resolution making course of for business function. A business report is often a sort of upward communication in which communication process starts from decrease level to upper stage i.e. An worker makes a report and submits to related higher individual to make usage of it. Such communication is principally authoritative and the extent of authority depends upon the subject and usage of a business report.
Your studies might be a continuation of Value Accounting 1 (ACCT 226). You will research non-routine choice making, cost allocation principle and strategies, course of costing, hybrid costing techniques, inventory administration and gross sales and input variances. Equity records the worth attributed to the house owners of the enterprise As a enterprise makes a revenue the equity value will increase. If a enterprise sustains a loss, likewise fairness goes down. This revenue line merchandise is known as Retained Earnings. This item has a special relationship with the Profit and Loss Assertion and can be discussed further later.


Can't find link/page to post review of my surgeon. Can anyone provide user friendly instruction?
How/where do we post surgeon reviews?
If you click on your name on the top, there's a section called my Surgey and under that area you can find your surgeon and post a review about them.
But not all surgeon are included in the database.


Is your cat worthy of an award?
The awards have celebrated the difference cats make to owners' lives by highlighting heart-warming stories of devotion, companionship and courage.
Phoenix, from Treharne Road, Gibbonsdown Barry, was shortlisted for the Cats Protection Hero award in 2017.
Phoenix managed to wake 16-year-old Liam Simpson, last year, by pawing at his chest when he was moments away from falling into a diabetic coma.
Phoenix had often been able to detect when Liam's blood sugar levels were low, despite having no training as a medical alert animal.
Cats can be nominated for five categories until Friday, March 8.
Hero Cat – cats that save the day; Most Caring Cat – cats that positively impact a person's health or wellbeing; Furr-ever Friends – tales of friendship between children and cats; outstanding rescue cat – felines adopted from animal charities; and PURINA® Better Together - celebrating the special bond that has transformed and enriched the lives of both a feline and human.
A panel of celebrity cat-lovers will select the winners.
The winning cats' owners will be presented with their trophies at a star-studded ceremony at London's Savoy Hotel on Thursday, August 8 – coinciding with International Cat Day.


In engineered strains of Escherichia coli, bioconversion efficiency is determined by not only metabolic flux but also the turnover efficiency of relevant pathways. Methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP)-dependent carotenoid biosynthesis in E. coli requires efficient turnover of precursors and balanced flux among precursors, cofactors, and cellular energy. However, the imbalanced supply of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and pyruvate precursors remains the major metabolic bottleneck. To address this problem, we manipulated various genetic targets related to the Entner–Doudoroff (ED)/pentose phosphate (PP) pathways. Systematic target modification was conducted to improve G3P and pyruvate use and rebalance the precursor and redox fluxes.
Carotenoid production was improved to different degrees by modifying various targets in the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) and ED pathways, which directed metabolic flux from the EMP pathway towards the ED pathway. The improvements in yield were much greater when the MEP pathway was enhanced. The coordinated modification of ED and MEP pathway targets using gene expression enhancement and protein coupling strategies in the pgi deletion background further improved carotenoid synthesis. The fine-tuning of flux at the branch point between the ED and PP pathways was important for carotenoid biosynthesis. Deletion of pfkAB instead of pgi reduced the carotenoid yield. This suggested that anaplerotic flux of G3P and pyruvate might be necessary for carotenoid biosynthesis. Improved carotenoid yields were accompanied by increased biomass and decreased acetate overflow. Therefore, efficient use of G3P and pyruvate precursors resulted in a balance among carotenoid biosynthesis, cell growth, and by-product metabolism.
An efficient and balanced MEP-dependent carotenoid bioconversion strategy involving both the ED and PP pathways was implemented by the coordinated modification of diverse central metabolic pathway targets. In this strategy, enhancement of the ED pathway for efficient G3P and pyruvate turnover was crucial for carotenoid production. The anaplerotic role of the PP pathway was important to supply precursors for the ED pathway. A balanced metabolic flux distribution among precursor supply, NADPH generation, and by-product pathways was established.
Bioconversion by engineered microbes in cell factories is a promising alternative strategy to produce valuable chemicals, many of which are expensive to produce in their native hosts or by chemical processes [1, 2]. To construct an engineered strain with optimal phenotypes, the first steps are to enhance native pathways or introduce superior heterogeneous pathways for biosynthesis of target chemicals. Another strategy that can be more important and laborious is to seek and integrate separate genetic modification targets that improve productivity, even though the mechanisms of these targets are sometimes poorly understood.
The heterologous production of carotenoids in Escherichia coli is a well-studied example of an engineered microbial cell factory in which there has been coordinated modification of multiple targets [3–5]. Carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments naturally produced by plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. They have attracted much attention for industrial use because of their diverse physiological effects and their potential applications as antioxidants and nutraceuticals [6–8]. Carotenoids are structurally derived from two universal isoprene units; isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). There are two independent pathways for the biosynthesis of IPP and DMAPP: the mevalonate pathway from the precursor acetyl-CoA in eukaryotic and archaea cells, and the methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway (MEP) pathway from the precursors pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) in prokaryotic cells and plastids in plants. Bioconversion of carotenoids by engineered strain has been developed based on either of these two pathways [9, 10].
In E. coli, MEP pathway-dependent carotenoid biosynthesis was initially engineered by introducing the carotenoid synthesis gene cluster crtEBI and by enhancing the expressions of genes in the MEP pathway, such as dxs and idi . The modification of chromosomal targets has been shown to further improve carotenoid production [3, 11, 12]. PykFA was the first gene target identified to improve carotenoid production. Deletion of pykFA reduced the flux from G3P to pyruvate, suggesting that the balance between G3P and pyruvate was important for carotenoid synthesis . Additional rate-limiting targets for carotenoid biosynthesis were further explored using either of two major methods: systematic approaches using genome-scale modeling; and combinatorial approaches based on phenotypic diversification and screening. The targets included the global regulators Hnr and ClpXP; the central metabolism enzymes YtjC and AceE, which may directly affect precursor levels by catalyzing G3P- and pyruvate-related metabolic reactions; and GdhA and FdhF, which might indirectly contribute to cofactors or flux balance [5, 11, 12, 14]. Thus, as suggested, improving and balancing the precursor supply remains an obstacle for MEP pathway-based carotenoid production.
The redistribution of metabolic flux at the pathway level is an alternative strategy to improve chemical biosynthesis and precursor supply . This strategy is always more complex, because desirable flux distribution is not usually achieved by modifying single genes. The MEP pathway begins with the condensation of G3P and pyruvate in equal amounts. These precursors are primarily supplied by the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway (EMP pathway). The Entner–Doudoroff pathway (ED pathway), as a variant glycolysis pathway, produces equal amounts of G3P and pyruvate. This superior stoichiometric feature makes the ED pathway a preferable route for precursor supply. The strategy to redistribute central metabolic pathways has been used to improve MEP-dependent carotenoid production by engineered microbes [16–18]. However, the exact flux profile is not well understood. Systematic modification and analysis of gene targets in the EMP, ED, and pentose phosphate (PP) pathways may provide new insights on the flux profile.
In addition to the precursor supply, cofactor generation might be another key factor for the MEP pathway and carotenoid biosynthesis. Cofactors such as NAPDH and ATP are necessary for MEP reactions. Furthermore, the bioconversion efficiency could be affected by the accumulation of by-products such as acetate. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate flux distribution among precursor supply, cofactor generation, and by-product pathways. To this end, we implemented an engineering strategy that combined systematic genetic target modification and central metabolic flux redistribution. Multiple gene targets were either knocked out or overexpressed to redistribute the fluxes of the EMP, ED, and PP pathways. The effects of these modifications on the supply of G3P and pyruvate precursors, redox generation, and the metabolism of by-products were analyzed. These results will provide guidance for further MEP-pathway engineering studies.
Pyruvate and G3P are the two substrates of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (encoded by dxs), the first enzyme in the MEP pathway. The favorable stoichiometric ratio of G3P and pyruvate generated via the ED pathway inspired the attempt to develop a non-EMP pathway route for MEP-dependent carotenoid bioconversion. In the EMP pathway, there are three steps in the conversion of the starting compound glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into G3P, the precursor of the MEP pathway. Phosphoglucose isomerase (encoded by pgi) catalyzes the first glycolytic reaction at the branch point of the EMP and ED/PP pathways. The following two reaction steps are catalyzed by 6-phosphofructokinase I/II (encoded by pfkA and pfkB) and fructose bisphosphate aldolase II/I (encoded by fbaA and fbaB), respectively. Theoretically, blocking either of these genes would direct carbon flux from the EMP pathway to the ED/PP pathway, resulting in enhanced flux through the ED pathway. However, deletion of pgi disrupted the recycling of F6P or G3P to the oxidative PP pathway, resulting in decreased NADPH generation . In the lower part of the EMP pathway, the conversion from G3P to pyruvate comprises five steps. Among the genes involved in these steps, ytjC and pykFA have been identified as targets for modification to improve MEP-dependent biosynthesis. The ED pathway is a shortcut for G3P and pyruvate generation. It produces the two MEP precursors in equal amounts via a four-step reaction from G6P. The ED pathway shares the first two steps with the PP pathway. The key gene targets within the ED and PP pathways are shown in Fig. 1. Compared with the ED pathway, the PP pathway generates one additional molecule of NADPH per molecule of glucose, which might be necessary for a MEP pathway reaction.
Genetic targets in central metabolic pathways for MEP-dependent carotenoid biosynthesis.
Initially, we constructed two reporter vectors for high carotenoid production, pLY036 and pLY10RK; their products were neurosporene and lycopene, respectively. The crtEBI cassette alone was insufficient for high carotenoid production (data not shown). Therefore, an additional E. coli idi gene was inserted downstream of crtEBI. The yields of neurosporene and lycopene from pLY036 and pLY10RK in wild E. coli BW25113 were 2.05 and 1.64 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW), respectively.
Various target genes within the EMP pathway were deleted to eliminate the flux of G3P and pyruvate through the EMP pathway, and the effects on neurosporene production were investigated. First, neurosporene production over time was compared between the Δpgi strain (P036) and the wild-type strain (W036) (Fig. 2a). The neurosporene yield of P036 remained stable during cell culture and was consistently greater than that of W036. The highest yield of P036 (after cell culture for 30 h) was approximately 25% greater than that of W036. The W036 strain produced the highest yield at the beginning of bioconversion, and then the yield gradually decreased. Considering cell growth and turnover, the decrease in neurosporene production per cell mass in W036 might be because neurosporene did not further accumulate during bioconversion. In contrast, the deletion of pgi might have resulted in the continued supply of optimal precursors or cofactors for the MEP pathway. The effects of deletions of other EMP genes were then investigated (Fig. 2b, biomass and carotenoids production of all strains in this study are summarized in Additional file 1: Table S1). Compared with the wild-type strain, the ΔpfkA and ΔpfkB strains (KA036 and KB036) and the ΔpfkAΔpfkB strain (KAB036) produced approximately 25% more neurosporene, similar to P036. As for the targets of fructose bisphosphate aldolase, only fbaB was a non-lethal deletion. However, deletion of fbaB (strain F036) had no effect on neurosporene production.
Effects of deleting different EMP pathway genes on neurosporene biosynthesis. a Relative neurosporene production of W036 (wild type) and P036 (Δpgi) over time; b relative neurosporene production of strains with deletions of different EMP pathway genes after bioconversion for 12 h.
To further investigate the effects of central flux redistribution on carotenoid biosynthesis, three branching point enzymes within the PP and ED pathways, zwf, edd, and eda, were each overexpressed in E. coli, and neurosporene production was compared among the overexpressing strains. As shown in Fig. 3, overexpression of Zwf (strain Z036) and Eda (strain E036) increased neurosporene yields by approximately 20 and 12%, respectively, while overexpression of edd in strain D036 decreased the yield by approximately 20%. The SDS-PAGE results (see Additional file 2: Figure S1) implied that edd overexpression might interfere with the normal expression of other genes such as crtI, resulting in decreased neurosporene production. These findings indicate that neurosporene biosynthesis could be improved by engineering target genes that could redistribute flux towards the ED/PP pathways, especially the ED pathway.
Effects of overexpression of different ED/PP pathway genes on neurosporene biosynthesis. Relative neurosporene production of strains overexpressing different ED/PP pathway genes after bioconversion for 12 h.
To further study the effects of redistributed metabolic routes on carotenoid production, the pathways were modified in a MEP pathway-enhanced background. The first enzyme of the MEP pathway, Dxs, was overexpressed to increase the flux into the MEP pathway. This was achieved using three strategies: replacing the native promoter of the chromosomal dxs gene with the strong constitutive T5 promoter, which produced 3.20 mg/g DCW neurosporene (strain TX036); overexpressing the E. coli dxs gene in a low copy-number plasmid (pSC101) under the control of the araBAD promoter (pSB1s-dxs), resulting in 5.03 mg/g DCW neurosporene production in the wild-type strain (SX036); and combining these two strategies, resulting in a neurosporene yield of 5.30 mg/g DCW (TX-SX036). These three strategies were also applied to the Δpgi strain (PTX036 for chromosomal T5 promoter dxs strain, P-SX036 for the plasmid dxs strain, PTX-SX036 for the combined strategy strain) and neurosporene production was compared with that of the wild-type strain. After bioconversion, the neurosporene yields of PTX036, P-SX036, and PTX-SX036 were 6.94, 9.40, and 10.71 mg/g DCW respectively, about 1.51–1.88 times more than that of the wild-type strain (Fig. 4a). This result implied that the substrate use of Dxs was significantly improved, possibly because of a balanced G3P and pyruvate supply from the ED pathway.
Enhanced precursor use by manipulating Dxs and Eda. a Dxs was expressed at different strengths, and neurosporene production was compared between Δpgi strain and wild-type strain after bioconversion for 12 h; b neurosporene production in strain simultaneously expressing Dxs and Eda after bioconversion for 12 h; c neurosporene production in strain in which Dxs and Eda were spatially coupled by protein scaffold after bioconversion for 12 h.
To further verify the role of the ED pathway, we attempted to improve the precursor supply by coordinated improvements to Eda and Dxs. First, we overexpressed Eda and Dxs simultaneously in the Δpgi strain. Eda and Dxs were expressed in the pBAD and pSB1s plasmids (P-AE036 and P-SX036, and co-transformation of the two plasmids for P-AE-SX036), respectively. As shown in Fig. 4b, the production of neurosporene was increased 25% by Eda enhancement, as compared with those of P-SX036 and P-AE-SX036. Second, a protein scaffold was used to spatially recruit Eda and Dxs through the interaction between tagged ligands. We designed a protein scaffold platform based on two proteins from Clostridium sp.; cellulosome cohesin and dockerin. Eda and Dxs were each fused with different dockerins and were co-expressed with scaffold protein (SS) containing a cohesin domain in the Δpgi strain. The function of SS was confirmed in a His-tag pull down assay (Additional file 3: Figure S2). Eda and Dxs co-localized with each other via the interaction between dockerins and SS. To balance the expression level with the scaffold, Eda and Dxs were co-transcribed under the control of the araBAD promoter using the low-copy pSB1s plasmid in the Δpgi strain (P-A-SEX036), compatible with SS expression using the pBAD plasmid. As shown in Fig. 4c, neurosporene production was increased by approximately 30% in the scaffold platform strain (P-AS-SEX036). These results confirmed the significant role of the ED pathway in carotenoid production.
The above results indicated that modification of ED targets resulted in more efficient precursor use by the MEP pathway. However, the ED pathway does not generate sufficient NADPH for MEP reactions. To explore the balance between the ED and PP pathways in this metabolic engineering route, either edd or gnd was knocked out in the Δpgi strain to construct PP-only and ED-only strains. The MEP pathway was enhanced by introducing pSB1s-dxs. In the bioconversion experiments, neurosporene production was significantly decreased in both PP-only (PD-SX036) and ED-only (PG-SX036) strains (Fig. 5a), indicating that both the PP pathway and the ED pathway were important for MEP-dependent biosynthesis. Thus, fine-tuning the flux between the ED pathway and the PP pathway was necessary to optimize the bioconversion process.
Roles of PP pathway and ED pathway in ED/PP pathway route and balance between PP and ED pathways. a Neurosporene production in strains ΔpgiΔedd and ΔpgiΔgnd after bioconversion for 0 or 12 h; b neurosporene production in strains with different gnd and eda engineering genotypes after bioconversion for 12 h.
Different flux distributions between the PP and ED pathways were achieved by coordinated engineering of gnd and eda expression. In this experiment, gnd was overexpressed at two different levels in either the wild-type or the Δgnd background: high-level expression was obtained using the araBAD promoter; low-level expression was obtained by introducing rare codons (Gly-Pro) at the N-terminal of Gnd peptides under the control of the araBAD promoter (Additional file 4: Figure S3). gnd was co-expressed with eda. The results indicated that moderate gnd expression combined with eda was most favorable for neurosporene synthesis in the wild-type background (Fig. 5b).
Next, different targets were modified to determine the effects of PP pathway on neurosporene production. Compared with Δpgi, ΔpfkAB generated more NADPH through partial cyclization of the PP pathway . ΔpfkA or ΔpfkAB have been reported as useful targets to improve NAPDH generation for chemical production [20, 21]. If the PP pathway contributes to neurosporene synthesis mainly by generating NAPDH, then further improvement of the NADPH supply will benefit neurosporene synthesis. To test this assumption, Δpgi was replaced by ΔpfkA or ΔpfkAB in an MEP-enhanced background. A novel plasmid pSB1s-XID was used to further improve the MEP flux, in which E. coli idi and ispDF were located downstream of dxs in pSB1s-dxs. The neurosporene yields of both KA-SXID036 (ΔpfkA) and KAB-SXID036 (ΔpfkAB) were lower than that of P-SXID036 (Δpgi) (Fig. 6). We suspected that the PP pathway might play additional roles other than simply generating NADPH for the ED pathway. We further deleted the lower EMP pathway targets, pfkA, pfkAB, fbaB, and ytjC in the Δpgi background, aiming to block the anaplerotic flux from the PP pathway towards G3P and pyruvate. Neurosporene production was decreased in all these strains (Fig. 6). Together, these results suggested that the PP pathway might play an anaplerotic role in supplying precursors for the ED pathway.
Flux balance within EMP pathway and its effects on carotenoid biosynthesis. Neurosporene production in strains with deletions of different EMP pathway targets after bioconversion for 12 h.
Redistribution of central metabolic flux always has complex effects. To investigate the balance between carotenoid biosynthesis and other cell metabolic pathways, batch fermentation for neurosporene production was conducted in a microbioreactor. As the MEP pathway flux still played a significant role in carotenoid production, the MEP pathway was further improved by replacing the chromosomal promoter with the T5 promoter to drive idi, resulting in PTXI036 and PTXI-SXID036 (containing pSB1s-dxs-idi-ispDF). Both biomass and neurosporene production were monitored in these strains. Surprisingly, the synthesis of neurosporene was beneficial for cell growth in the ED/PP pathway strains but not in the wild-type strain. As shown in Fig. 7 and Table 1, the strains with greater neurosporene synthesis showed greater cell growth and biomass, except for SXID036, which did not have modified central metabolic pathways. Thus, the inclusion of ED/PP pathways led to significant improvements in the total carotenoid titer.
Batch fermentation to produce neurosporene in a microbioreactor. Change in relative biomass over time for strains W036 (BW25113 with pLY036), P036 (Δpgi with pLY036), TX036 (PT5-dxs with pLY036), PTX036 (Δpgi PT5-dxs with pLY036), PTXI036 (Δpgi PT5-dxs PT5-idi with pLY036), SXID036 (BW25113 with pSB1s-dxs-idi-ispDF and pLY036), PTXI-SXID036 (Δpgi PT5-dxs PT5-idi with pSB1s-dxs-idi-ispDF and pLY036).
Bioconversion was performed in a microbioreactor for 24 h and biomass and neurosporene production were monitored.
Next, we analyzed metabolic intermediates to elucidate the coupling mechanism between biomass accumulation and carotenoid biosynthesis. The strains were cultured in flasks, and acetate accumulation and glucose consumption were monitored. The biomass results were similar to those observed in the microbioreactor experiments. Improvement of the MEP pathway in the Δpgi background resulted in significantly reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced glucose consumption (Table 2). Thus, we proposed that efficient use of glucose in the MEP pathway can establish a flux distribution that is favorable not only for carotenoid production but also for cell growth. This is probably because of the blockage of some by-product pathways, such as acetate overflow.
Strains were cultured in flasks for bioconversion, and acetate accumulation and glucose consumption were monitored.
Finally, we developed an optimally engineered strain based on the ED/PP pathway route (based on Δpgi, T5-dxs-idi, pBAD-eda-GCgnd, and pSB1s-dxs-idi-ispDF) for lycopene production using the reporter vector pLY10RK. To improve the total flux for lycopene production, glucose supply was optimized by engineering a glucose-uptake pathway. Namely, ptsG (encoding glucose PTS permease) was knocked out to reduce consumption of pyruvate and ATP. The non-phosphotransferase system was improved by inserting the P119-glk cassette (glucokinase gene glk under the control of the strong constitutive promoter P119) at the chromosomal galR locus [releasing the repression of the galactose repressor GalR to increase expression of galactose permease (GalP)]. Combining these targets, the resulting strain (PTXIGK-AEGG-SXID10RK) produced 17.8 ± 0.2 mg lycopene/g DCW in flask culture (Fig. 8). The lycopene production was about 3.6 times higher than that of the non ED/PP pathway route strain TXI-SXID10RK.
Lycopene production in strains with ED/PP pathway route. Lycopene production in wild-type strain (W-10RK, BW25113 with pLY10RK), non-ED/PP route strain (TXI-SXID10RK, PT5-dxs PT5-idi with pSB1s-dx -idi-ispDF and pLY10RK), ED/PP route strain (PTXI-SXID10RK, Δpgi PT5-dxs PT5-idi with pSB1s-dx -idi-ispDF and pLY10RK), and final optimal engineered strain (PTXIGK-AEGG-SXID10RK, ΔpgiPT5-dxsPT5-idiΔptsGgalR::P119-glk with pBAD-eda-GCgnd, pSB1s-dxs-idi-ispDF and pLY10RK) after bioconversion for 24 h.
An ideal microbial cell factory for bioconversion should maximize the target metabolic flux with an exact stoichiometric ratio of precursors and cofactors. However, this is hard to achieve because of the complexity of metabolic flux and its regulation. For MEP-dependent carotenoid biosynthesis, imbalanced precursor supply is one of the major metabolic bottlenecks, especially considering the limit of precursor (G3P) availability. Disruption of the EMP pathway target pykFA has been shown enhance lycopene production by retarding the catabolism of G3P to pyruvate . In another study, the unexpected accumulation of indole may indicate that the pool of the G3P precursor was insufficient, because indole may be a by-product of an anaplerotic supply of G3P through the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway during MEP-dependent taxol production . Research on non-EMP pathway precursor supply routes has mainly focused on the deletion of pgi [16, 18]. However, a parallel study has shown that lycopene yield was improved in a reverse redistribution pathway route with knocked-out zwf . This indicated that detailed studies of both flux and targets were necessary. Herein, we conducted a systematic analysis and modification of genetic targets within central metabolic pathways for the redistribution of metabolic flux for MEP-dependent carotenoid biosynthesis.
As expected, the ED/PP pathway route created by deleting EMP targets and/or improving ED/PP targets enhanced carotenoid biosynthesis. Eda and Dxs seemed to be key targets for improving carotenoid biosynthesis. This was most likely because of their roles in the balance and efficient use of G3P and pyruvate precursors supplied by the ED pathway. Further metabolic engineering work will focus on coordinated modifications of Eda and Dxs. The flux balance between the ED and PP pathways was optimized by fine tuning gnd expression. Weak gnd expression was better for carotenoid synthesis, indicating the importance of the proper flux ratio between the ED and PP pathways. Although the ED pathway generated precursors with an exactly balanced ratio for MEP-dependent biosynthesis, the precursor balance still might be perturbed as both G3P and pyruvate could be metabolized in other cellular pathways. The results of this study implied that the anaplerotic role of the PP pathway might be important for precursor supply. The first clue was that the lower part of the MEP pathway was still necessary for ED/PP pathway route-dependent carotenoid biosynthesis. In addition, the carotenoid yields of Δpgi strains were greater than those of ΔpfkAB strains. The PP pathway routes achieved by Δpgi and ΔpfkAB might differ in their theoretical flux distribution . Deletion of pgi would block the recycling of F6P and G3P into the oxidative PP pathway, and increase flux into the lower part of the EMP pathway (PP1, Fig. 9). However, pfkAB deletion might create a partial cyclization for the recovery of F6P from the PP pathway (PP2, Fig. 9). More NADPH was generated by the PP2 route than by the PP1 route, while the PP1 route supplied more G3P (Fig. 9). A pathway route based on Δpgi (ED + PP1) was more favorable for MEP-dependent biosynthesis. This suggested that the major role of the PP pathway was to sustain the G3P pool, although NADPH generated by the PP pathway was also important because the ED pathway was redox imbalanced for MEP-pathway reactions. However, detailed flux and metabolite analyses are required to determine the exact metabolic profile.
NADPH and G3P generation through different pathway routes. ED/PP pathways routes were created by either Δpgi or ΔpfkAB, resulting in ED + PP1 or ED + PP2. EMP or ED pathway is shown in black; PP pathway is shown in dark gray. NADPH and G3P generation through PP pathways in different routes is summarized in corresponding boxes.
The bioconversion efficiency of a given chemical is determined by both the stoichiometric yield of the pathway and the kinetic efficiency of pathway reactions. The metabolic route established by deleting pgi not only provided a balanced precursor ratio for efficient turnover in the MEP pathway, but also created a well-distributed metabolic flux between carotenoid biosynthesis and other pathways. Acetate overflow is always a major metabolic burden in E. coli K-12 strains because of the imbalance of central metabolic flux in high-glucose culture conditions. Surprisingly, the improvement of carotenoid biosynthesis in the redistribution route led to both greater cell growth and less acetate accumulation. This indicated that MEP-dependent carotenoid biosynthesis might relieve the metabolic burden by balancing the level of redox or metabolites, e.g., pyruvate. Indeed, redistribution of central metabolic flux always has complex effects. A global flux response could occur when MEP precursors are used efficiently or when redox conditions are balanced, resulting in flexible adaptation of flux distribution. Additional factors in central metabolic pathways, such as the level of the regulator intermediate fructose 6-bisphosphate, might be affected in the redistribution route, resulting in various responses and effects on the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Further research should focus on the effects of global regulation of central metabolic networks and their flux in carotenoid biosynthesis.
Escherichia coli BW25113 was used as the parental strain for genetic modification and carotenoid production. Gene knock-out strains were obtained from the KEIO collection . Escherichia coli DH5α was used for standard plasmid construction. The plasmids used for MEP gene expression and as reporter vectors were derived from expression vectors previously developed in our laboratory (unpublished). These vectors have the following features: a promoter (araBAD), multiple cloning sites, the rrnB terminator, origin of replication (p15A, RSF1030 or pSC101), and an antibiotic resistance gene (Kan, Cm, or Sm resistance). The plasmids pUKM (derivative of pKD4), pKD46, and pCP20 were used for gene integration. All E. coli strains and plasmids used in this study are described in Table 3.
Plasmids were constructed using standard molecular biological protocols . For chromosomal promoter replacement and gene integration, heterogeneous gene fragments were inserted at the MCS site downstream of the FRT-kanamycin resistance cassette in pUKM. The gene-FRT-kan-FRT fragment was then amplified by PCR. Lambda-Red-mediated recombination was performed as described elsewhere . For chromosomal phenotype integration, P1 virus-mediated transfection was performed as described elsewhere . The primers used in this study are listed in Additional file 5: Table S2.
LB medium was used for all molecular construction experiments and strain cultures. Auto-inducing medium  was used to induce protein expression. Bioconversion medium was prepared by adding 4% (w/v) glucose to M9 medium or LB medium.
All strains were stored at −80°C until use. Strains were pre-cultured in LB medium supplemented with appropriate antibiotics at 37°C overnight and then transferred into auto-inducing medium to induce expression of recombinant proteins. For neurosporene and lycopene production, cells were harvested by centrifugation after protein induction. Cells were then transferred to bioconversion medium at a starting biomass of 4 OD/L. For bioconversion experiments, cells were cultured in a flask at 37°C with shaking at 220 rpm for indicated times, and then harvested to quantify products and metabolites.
Cells were harvested by centrifugation at 12,000g for 5 min. The cell pellet was washed and then extracted in 1 mL acetone at 4°C for 1 h. The mixture was centrifuged at 12,000g, and the absorbance of the supernatant was measured at 470 nm. Neurosporene was quantified as described elsewhere . Lycopene was quantified using a standard curve of pure standard lycopene (Sigma). The biomass was determined by measuring cell density (OD600). The acetate concentration was determined by HPLC using a C18 column (Agilent), and the glucose concentration was measured using a glucose monitor (SDBI).
For batch fermentation of carotenoids, the strains were pre-cultured in auto-inducing medium to induce the synthesis of recombinant proteins. Then, cells were transferred into bioconversion medium in a bioreactor (BioLector), with a beginning cell density of 4 OD. The cells were cultured at 37°C with shaking at 800 rpm.
YT participated in the conception and design of the study and revised the manuscript. W-FL participated in data collection and analysis, and drafted the manuscript. CL and L-QY participated in data collection and analysis. S–SZ and NC provided original data for some sections. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the following organizations: the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2012CB721105); the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSZD-EW-Z-016-1); and the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KGZD-EW-606-2).
Additional file 1: Table S1. Biomass and carotenoid production of strains.
Additional file 2: Figure S1. SDS-PAGE analysis of recombinant proteins produced by Escherichia coli strains: (M) protein markers; (0) strain W036; (1) strain W-AZ036; (2) strain W-AE036; (3) strain W-AD036.
Additional file 3: Figure S2. Results of His-tag pull-down assay. Briefly, strains were induced to express target genes, then cells were lysed by sonication. Cell lysates were centrifuged and supernatants were incubated with Ni–NTA beads for 6 h. Beads were washed to remove unbound proteins. Bound proteins were eluted and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. (M) Markers; (1) strain with pSB1s-eda-dxs (dockerin-fused); (2) strain with pBAD-SS (His-tag fused scaffold protein); (3) strain with pBAD-SS and pSB1s-dxs (dockerin-fused); (4) strain with pBAD-SS and pSB1s-eda-dxs.
Additional file 4: Figure S3. SDS-PAGE analysis of recombinant proteins produced by Escherichia coli strains: (M) protein markers; (1) strain P036; (2) strain P-AE036; (3) strain P-AEG036; (4) strain P-AEGG036.
Additional file 5: Table S2. Primers used in this study.


text:
Fear of the revolution in Britain, Glasgow 29 January 1919
29 January 2019 29 January 2019 by Gaetano Sinatti
Too often we are accustomed to think that social conflicts at the end of the Great War have only affected Central and Eastern Europe, and not the western democracies. What happened in Glasgow in Scotland from 29 January 1919 proves the opposite.
The workers ask for the day of 40 hours
More than 40 thousand workers, then climbed to 60 thousand, went down in the square requesting the reduction of the working week from the well 57 hours of then to 40, without reduction of the salary: a request that today seems to us completely reasonable, and that at the time was motivated also From the pressing need to give space to the huge number of soldiers of which demobilisation was underway. The strike had spread throughout the region, also seeing the participation of over 30 thousand miners in Lanarkshire and Stirlingshire.
It is interesting to read how the protest was approached at the highest political level, that of the War Cabinet, which still represented the summit of the Nation: its components, including many names destined to become famous, looked with particular Concern in the Glasgow protest, as a symptom of a bolshevization of the worker masses, to the point of preparing the intervention of the army, which in theory was only permitted if martial law had been proclaimed.
The War Cabinet reunited with the three post-Meridianas of January 30, 1919, following a telegram sent by the Lord Prevost of Glasgow (a sort of prefect), who informed of the ongoing negotiations with the eleven representatives of the strike workers, asking Instructions. The government responded that it was foreign to the negotiations between workers and employers, as it "would destroy collaboration between employers and workers, on which industrial peace is based". In the discussion, it was also noted that an agreement seems to have been reached, in the naval and construction sectors, for a reduction to 47 hours.
The Winston Churchill Line
Interesting is the line suggested by Winston Churchill, as stated in the Minutes of the sitting: "In Liverpool there have already been clashes with victims and this situation has been going on for six weeks, after which we have reached an agreement. The current situation in Glasgow was going to be mounting for a long time. But hostile people are a minority, so in your opinion you have to come to a confrontation, to heal the climate. We should be careful to have a serious provocation before adopting strong measures. Acting initially soft we will obtain the support we need from the nation, and at which point the Army can be used more effectively. The time to employ it has not yet arrived. Meanwhile, the Defence of the Realm Act is still in force and the leaders of the uprising can be arrested "(Minutes of a Meeting of the War Cabinet held, at 10, Downing Street, S.W., on Thursday , January 30, 1919, at 3 P.M., 522, P. 4)).
Other members of the Cabinet of war immediately agreed with Churchill, and therefore measures were made which envisaged the use of forces not only of police but also of the army.
The next day, Friday, January 31, while the delegation of the Strikers met with the Lord Prevost, a charge, apparently unmotivated, of the police with blows of stick led to the stars the climate of tension, and the strikers were able to reject the Police. The union leaders rushed out of the palace of Lord Prevost to try to restore calm, but also one of them was severely beaten. At this point, the incidents were aggravated, widening in the centre and on the outskirts of the city, causing many wounded: it was then talked about the Bloody Friday of Glasgow.
Tanks are coming
In the end, just as Churchill wished, 10 thousand soldiers were employed (taking care that they were not Scottish), machine guns at the corners of the central George Square, main theatre of the clashes: even 6 medium tanks Mark C (originally Destined to attack the Germans on the Western Front: in the photo they are "parked" in the area of the saltmarket of Glasgow) would arrive on February 3.
Even if the troops were not directly employed, their presence helped to restore the order, which happened within a few days. On February 10, in fact, the strike ended, and the workers obtained the 47 hours that had been discussed in the session of the War Cabinet. The leaders of the revolt were tried and some of them condemned to relatively mild sentences.
Tags 1919, Bloody Friday, Glasgow, War Cabinet, Winston Churchill Post navigation
The Irish revolution, a the trial of the Fourteen Points, 21 January 1919
Anti-Bolshevik alliances on the Baltic, 1st February 1919


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text:
EBRD appoints World Bank official
EBRD kickstarts supply chain finance framework with Santander partnership
Afrexim launches US$4bn facility for African countries hit by Ukraine crisis
EBRD promises extra trade finance support for Ukraine
EBRD appoints new trade finance banker
Public finance institutions pledge to end fossil fuel support by end of 2022
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has appointed Philippe Le Houérou as vice-president of policy.
He joins from the World Bank where he was most recently the regional vice-president for the South Asia region, where he enhanced the region's portfolio performance and doubled new commitments to US$11bn in 2013.
Le Houérou will report to the EBRD president, Sir Suma Chakrabarti, and takes up his new position on January 12, 2015. He will be responsible for leading the bank's strategies, policies and related initiatives supporting the bank's transition mandate.
"I look forward to joining the EBRD and contributing to its mission to provide economic development solutions for its recipient countries," Le Houérou says. "I strongly believe that policy dialogue based on sound analytics is the key to economic reform and performance. It is also essential for ensuring the maximum impact of individual investment operations."
The bank says that a competitive selection process saw vast international interest in the position, but his nomination was approved by the board of directors.
"We had an extremely strong field of international candidates and Philippe will bring a great deal of policy and strategic experience to the EBRD," comments Chakrabarti. Le Houérou is also set to become a member of the bank's executive committee.
Le Houérou joined the World Bank in 1987 and has worked in East Asia, LatAm, Africa, Europe and Central Asia. Since 2006 he has held a number of other key leadership roles, including regional vice-president for Europe and Central Asia, vice-president of concessional finance and global partnerships and acting vice-president and chief information officer.
In the early 1990s, he served as the senior country economist for the World Bank's programme in Russia and advised on budget management and public expenditure issues. Le Houéro will help to strategically boost the bank's ranks amid the geopolitical tension between Europe and Russia.
Tags: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Multi-laterals & Development Banks, Philippe Le Houérou


text:
Q: Is there a way to overcome CORS issue using service workers in angular on reopen browser I am implementing Service-workers in my Angular(v7.2.1) application.

*

*my server hides behind NetIQ which regulated authentication process.

*NetIQ then redirects to my application after successful login in. Application works fine for the first time.

*When i close the browser and try to open application again,I see a blank screen.

*Unable to access service API's nor Getting redirected to NetIQ, It throws a CORS issue as seen below.

*works fine when i hard reload it again

Below is the code which i used for Service Workers registration. Is there a way i can access API's without hard reloading the browser.

---- main.js----

platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule).then(() => {
  if ('serviceWorker' in navigator && environment.production) {
    navigator.serviceWorker.register('/ngsw-worker.js');
  }
}).catch(err => console.log(err));

----ngsw-config.js----

{
  "index": "/index.html",
  "assetGroups": [
    {
      "name": "app",
      "installMode": "prefetch",
      "resources": {
        "files": [
          "/favicon.ico",
          "/index.html",
          "/*.css",
          "/*.js"
        ]
      }
    }, {
      "name": "assets",
      "installMode": "lazy",
      "updateMode": "prefetch",
      "resources": {
        "files": [
          "/assets/**",
          "/*.(eot|svg|cur|jpg|png|webp|gif|otf|ttf|woff|woff2|ani)"
        ],
        "urls": [
          "https://fonts.googleapis.com/**"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Genesis: Beginning and Blessing (Preaching the Word)
Publisher: Crossway/Good News Publishers
ISBN: SHUGHERKGENESISBEGINNINGANDB9781433535529
Genesis (NIV Application Commentary)
Walton, John H.
Creation and Blessing: A Guide to the Study and Exposition of Genesis
Ross, Allen P.
The Book of Genesis: 1-17 (NICOT)
Hamilton, Victor P.
Genesis: A Commentary
Waltke, Bruce K.
Preaching the Word New Testament Set (19 Volumes)
Hughes, R. Kent (Editor)
Hughes, R. Kent
Hardcover SHUGHERKGENESISBEGINNINGANDB9781433535529 $36.36
The book of Genesis contains some of the most beautiful and well-known stories in the Bible: the garden, the flood, the tower of Babel, and the lives of the patriarchs. But these are more than just good stories. They lay the groundwork for God's relationship with humanity and for his plan for our salvation, making Genesis foundational to understanding everything else that happens in the Bible.
Genesis reveals much about human nature and the nature of God. From the actions of the first man and woman, we see where our rebellious, sinful nature originates. And through the whole book we see the hand of a sovereign God who is loving and merciful, but also just and holy. Time and again in Genesis, God showers his grace upon undeserving humanity, giving us our first tastes of God's enduring faithfulness that shines throughout the entire Bible.
R. Kent Hughes, respected pastor and author of many other commentaries in this series, takes readers back to the beginning of the Bible and moves through Genesis with careful exegesis. He explores the superbly crafted structure of the book as well as the weighty themes it contains. For those who preach, teach, and study God's Word, this exceptionally detailed work will reveal much about the beginnings of God's great story.
R. Kent Hughes (DMin, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) is senior pastor emeritus of College Church in Wheaton, Illinois. He has authored numerous books including Disciplines of a Godly Man, and is the series editor and a contributor to the Preaching the Word series. Hughes is also a founder of the Charles Simeon Trust, which conducts expository preaching conferences throughout North America and worldwide. He now lives on the West Coast with his wife, Barbara, and is the father of four and grandfather of an ever-increasing number of grandchildren.
"Im delighted to endorse the philosophy behind this series. Here sounds out the voice not of the scholar in the study but of the scholar in the pulpit. The authors are all able teachers who regularly expound Gods living Word to his people. May this rich material give us patterns of preaching that will not only feed the flock, but, by Gods grace, change the church."
R. C. Lucas
Retired Rector, St. Helen's Church, Bishopsgate, London, England
"The Preaching the Word commentary series is one of my favorites. The focus upon explaining a text while preaching it as the goal makes the series resonate with the priorities of the pulpit. No academic aloofness here, but down-to-earth, preacher-to-preacher meat for Gods people."
President, Covenant Theological Seminary
"For this outstanding series of expository commentaries, Kent Hughes has assembled a team of unusually gifted scholar-preachers. The series will be widely used and much sought after."
Eric J. Alexander
Retired Senior Minister, St. George's-Tron Parish Church, Glasgow, Scotland
"It is a pleasure to commend this series of homiletical commentaries. They fill an enormous vacuum that exists between the practical needs of the pastor/teacher and the critical exegetical depth of most commentaries. With this series, evangelicalism may now claim its own William Barclay. While remaining true to the text and its original meaning, Dr. Hughes helps us face the personal, ethical, theological, and practical questions that the text wants us to answer in the presence of the living God and his illuminating Holy Spirit."
Walter C. Kaiser
Jr., President Emeritus and Distinguished Professor of Old Testament and Ethics, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
"The single best resource for faithful biblical exposition available today. A great boon for genuine reformation!"
Timothy George
Founding Dean, Beeson Divinity School; Chairman of the Board, Colson Center for Christian Worldview
"Throughout the Christian centuries, from Chrysostom and Augustine through Luther, Calvin, and Matthew Henry, to Martyn Lloyd-Jones and Ray Stedman, working pastors have been proving themselves to be the best of all Bible expositors. Kent Hughes stands in this great tradition, and his exciting expositions uphold it worthily."
J. I. Packer
Board of Governors' Professor of Theology, Regent College; author, Knowing God
"There is a long history of informed, edifying biblical expositions that have been mightily used of God to shape and strengthen the church. These volumes admirably fit this tradition."
Research Professor of New Testament, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School


Bringing people to Christ through mission based evangelism.
We invite you to join us in praise and worship of God, the study of his word and fellowship each Sunday morning from 8:00am - 9:00am at the chapel of Augusta Heights.
Greenville Church Without Walls is an inner city ministry whose mission is to minister in the inner city and housing projects within Greenville County. The church purpose is to bring people to Jesus Christ through mission based evangelism.


Crystal Fountain Restaurant - Lansvale offers meal deals or specials. See the 'Banquet Menu' section of the menu for more details.
Food was great.the squid curry was delicious. Great food.
always the best food from crystal fountain.
Took an hour to arrive. Delivery person was too lazy to press the door bell and just called me repeatedly.
Chili chicken wasn't spicy at all, fried rice was bland and hardly any vegetables in the dishes. Wouldn't order again.
another 5 star dinner from a 5 star restaurant.
It was alright. Took an hour to get here and then my partner found a hair in her food. Very good customer service though.
Great quality food, always. This is how to do Asian cuisine properly! Standouts were the Garlic King Prawns, Chow Mein and the Mongolian Beef.
Very nice meal and prompt service.. Will definitely use again..
this place is good to order if you want restaurant tier food at restaurant tier prices but are too anti social or under house arrest for a crime you most likely didn't commit. 10/10 convicts polled gave this 5 stars.
Good food,speedy delivery but forgot an item.
Delicious food, delivery was fast!
excellent quality! Very similar to restaurants in Chinatown in the CBD.
Fast delivery. Most of the meals were good especially the fried rice. Was disappointed with the grilled pork cheese bacon, the pork was excellent but for $18 expected a larger serve of chips and a salad consisting of more than shredded lettuce only with a bit of dressing.
Delivered on time from friendly staff. Food was hot and much better than another Chinese restaurant we tried previously. We will order again.
Food arrived quick, and hot.
Meat in the thick noodle soup a bit dry.
Fried rice smelt a bit burnt.
Spring rolls, San choy bao n crispy chicken was ok.
Quality value for money meal. Efficient service. A pleasure doing business with.
Best Chinese I've ever had! The Special fried rice was amazing.
this restaurant is nice and cheap but has great food I love this Asian restaurant.
This fabulous food is so mouth watering and full of taste best ever. so many great dishes at a generous price.
Meal arrived half hour later than the confirmation said it would; driver said he got lost, which we can understand. It was so worth the wait though! The honey chicken was sublime, the satay beef perfect, and the rice was better than any other takeaway rice I've ever had. Will definitely order again.
5 star for quality of food. food was quoted for 60mins arrived 15min early blazing hot. had to wait for it to cool down before eating. although they are about 15min from my house.
they did forget 2 cans of soft drink and fried rice, offered to go back and pick it up but were told to forget about it. got reimbursed for it anyway. highly recommend duck in plum sauce and any of their king prawns.


1,584 pledged to save the dolphins and END the dolphin hunt!
STOP the DOLPHIN SLAUGHTER!This Porpoise Slaughter Is Seven Times Bigger Than the Cove's, So Why Haven't You Heard About It?
I will boycott and never buy anything "made in Japan" till this dolphin hunt ends!
Dolphins and humans can live together!