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19 Split Placements in One Quarter? Nope, Not a Typo
by Matt Deutsch on July 14, 2014
THE AWARDS:
At Top Echelon Network, we recognize recruiters for both monthly and quarterly performance in four categories—Recruiter of the Month, Recruiter of the Quarter, Largest Split Fee of the Month, and Largest Split Fee of the Quarter.
For more information about the recruiter awards listed below, login to the Members' Area and view the profiles and placement details of the Network recruiters who won them.
RECRUITER OF THE QUARTER:
Trey Cameron
Trey Cameron of the Cameron Craig Group
Yes, Trey Cameron made 19 split placements in Top Echelon Network during the second quarter of 2014. However, it's not even the first time he's made 19 splits in a single quarter! He also accomplished the feat during the third quarter of 2013.
Steve Kohn of Affinity Executive Search was second with nine splits, and three recruiters followed him with five split placements apiece. They were Bob Small of Carroll Technology Services, Inc.; Joan R. Walters, CPC of JR Walters Resources; and David M. Sgro, CPC of True North Consultants, Inc.
OUR CRITERIA FOR THESE RECRUITER AWARDS:
Top Echelon Network determines the monthly and quarterly recruiter award winners based upon two things, which are listed below in order of importance:
1.) The number of split placements made
2.) The amount of cash-in dollars earned as a result of those split placements
This explains why, when multiple recruiters are tied with the same number of split placements during a given month or quarter, the recruiter with the largest "cash-in" total for their placements is deemed the winner.
(Matt Deutsch is the Chief Marketing and Content Officer at Top Echelon.)
Recruiter of the Quarter: 19 Split Placements in 3 Months
by Mark Demaree on October 22, 2013
THE RECRUITERS:
Trey Cameron of the Cameron Craig Group won the Recruiter of the Quarter award in Top Echelon Network for the first two quarters of 2013. Did he win it again for the third quarter? You probably already know the answer to that question.
Right now, Cameron is in a prime position to sweep the award for all of 2013. All he needs is to win it during the fourth quarter. That's not a slam-dunk, but any stretch of the imagination, not with all of the other talented recruiters in the recruiting Network, but nobody's been able to stop him so far.
It also looks like nobody will stop Cameron in his quest to win the Recruiter of the Year award for the third straight year. He's currently in the number-one spot in the placement recruiting Network, and he holds a lead of well over $100,000. Now THAT might be a slam-dunk.
At Top Echelon Network, we recognize recruiters for both monthly and quarterly performance in four categories—Recruiter of the Month, Recruiter of the Quarter, Largest Split Fee of the Month, and
Cameron made seven Network split placements during the second quarter (which, incidentally, earned him the Recruiter of the Quarter award for THAT quarter, too). However, he more than doubled that production during the third quarter with 19 split placements.
Steve Kohn of Affinity Executive Search was next with 12 splits, while Sean Napoles, CPC of Career Brokers, Inc. was third with nine split placements.
This explains why, when multiple recruiters are tied with the same number of split placements during a given month or quarter, the recruiter with the largest 'cash-in' total for their placements is deemed the winner.
Another Network Recruiter Award for Trey Cameron!
While it's not surprising that recruiter Trey Cameron of the Cameron Craig Group made four split placements in one week, it's also not surprising that he's the Recruiter of the Quarter for the second quarter in Top Echelon Network. After all, Cameron also won the Recruiter of the Quarter Award for the first quarter and has won the award on a number of other occasions, as well as the Recruiter of the Month Award.
While Cameron is currently the number-one recruiter in the recruiter split fee Network in terms of cash-in during the past 12 months, Sean Napoles, CPC of Career Brokers, Inc. is quickly closing the gap and is only the equivalent of two split placement fees behind him. Can Napoles overtake Cameron and snap his two-year streak? Or will Cameron three-repeat? Stay tuned to find out!
Cameron made seven split placements during the second quarter of 2013. That was the most of any recruiter in Top Echelon Network and two more than the second-place finishers, Debi Apple of Apple & Associates, Inc. and Michael Stuck of Gables Search Group, Inc.
Making four split placements apiece during the second quarter were Steve Kohn of Affinity Executive Search and Deb North of Deb North Consulting, LLC.
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Trey Cameron Reclaims Recruiter of the Quarter Honors
by Matt Deutsch on April 5, 2013
The Top Echelon Network Recruiter of the Year for 2011 and 2012 may have let Recruiter of the Quarter honors slip through his fingers during the fourth quarter of last year . . . but Trey Cameron of the Cameron Craig Group is back to reclaim his spot at the top of the recruiter heap.
That's because he is once again the Recruiter of the Quarter, this time for the first quarter of 2013. That kind of start makes Cameron the odds-on favorite to win the Recruiter of the Year honors for the third straight year.
As usual, Cameron had plenty of competition for the award (as you can see below). The majority of these recruiters will be in attendance at the upcoming Top Echelon Network National Convention in St. Petersburg, Fla., and some of them—such as Cameron—will be receiving awards for their performance in the Network during 2012.
For more information about the split placements and cash-in totals associated with these recruiters, please login to the Members' Area and view their profiles and placement details.
Cameron made six split placements during the first quarter of 2013. That was the most of any recruiter in Top Echelon Network and two more than the second-place finisher, Michael Stuck of Gables Search Group, Inc. However, Stuck is the Recruiter of the Month for March.
Also making four split placements during the first quarter were Maria Hemminger of MJ Recruiters, LLC; Sean Napoles, CPC of Career Brokers, Inc.; and Ron Sunshine of Ron Sunshine Associates.
Recruiter: Michael Stuck
Firm: Gables Search Group, Inc.
# of split placements: four (4)
Recruiter: Maria Hemminger
Firm: MJ Recruiters, LLC
Recruiter: Sean Napoles, CPC
Firm: Career Brokers, Inc.
Recruiter: Ron Sunshine
Firm: Ron Sunshine Associates
Recruiter: David Wick, CPC
Firm: Career Center of Cincinnati, Inc.
# of split placements: three (3)
Recruiter: John Wharton
Firm: The Garret Group
Apple Edges Cameron by One Split Placement for Honors
by Matt Deutsch on January 5, 2013
Not only did we have a first-time winner of "The Recruiter of the Month" award for December, but we also have a first-time winner of the "The Recruiter of the Quarter" award.
And that winner is the same person!
The person is question is Debi Apple of Apple & Assoc., who enjoyed a big fourth quarter in 2012. She made six split placements, which was just enough to top perennial award winner Trey Cameron of the Cameron Craig Group.
As a bonus, we've included an expanded format with our award announcements. As you can see below, we've listed the top five recruiters in Top Echelon Network during the fourth quarter of 2012. We wanted to recognize more recruiters for their accomplishments within the Network, and we thought this would be a great way to do it!
For more information about the placements and cash-in totals associated with these recruiters, please login to the Members' Area and view the profiles and placement details of the recruiters involved.
Debi Apple of Apple & Assoc., Inc.
Apple, who was also the "Recruiter of the Month" for the month of December, made six split placements during the fourth quarter of last year. That was the most of any recruiter in Top Echelon Network and one more than Trey Cameron of the Cameron Craig Group, who earned Recruiter of the Year honors for 2012.
Recruiter: Trey Cameron
Firm: Cameron Craig Group
# of split placements: five (5)
Recruiter: David Wood, CPC
Firm: The David Wood Company
FOURTH PLACE
Recruiter: Georgette Sandifer
Firm: Gallman Consulting
FIFTH PLACE
Recruiter: Chuck Szajkovics
Firm: Bulldog Recruiters, Inc.
Our criteria for these recognition awards:
Top Echelon Network is a split placement network. As such, we place an emphasis on split placements, and that emphasis constitutes the basis of our criteria for these recognition awards. We determine the quarterly award winners based upon two factors, which are listed below in order of importance:
In other words, the number of split placements that recruiters make is our first consideration. In the event of a tie, the cash-in total earned from those split placements is the deciding factor and serves to break the tie. Obviously, the recruiter with more cash-in dollars in the event of a tie is the recruiter who wins the recognition award.
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Nine Split Placements in a Quarter? Try 12 Instead
by Matt Deutsch on October 16, 2012
Preferred Member Trey Cameron of the Cameron Craig Group was "Recruiter of the Quarter" in Top Echelon Network for the second quarter of 2012. He made nine split placements to earn that honor.
Pretty good production, wouldn't you say?
Well, Cameron increased his Network production by 33% in the third quarter, making a whopping TWELVE split placements combined during the months of July, August, and September.
How good was Cameron's third quarter? Sean Napoles, CPC of Career Brokers, Inc. enjoyed a great third quarter in the Network, making six split placements . . . and Cameron still doubled that.
How good was Cameron's third quarter? His cash-in for the quarter was nearly $100,000. That total represents his half of the fees that those 12 split placements produced.
Can Cameron make another 12 split placements in the Network during the fourth quarter? Can he break the Top Echelon Network record for split placements in a calendar year? Stay tuned.
Below are the winners of the recognition awards for the third quarter. We'd like to congratulate those recruiters who earned them and thank them for their efforts.
For more information about the placements and cash-in totals associated with these recognition awards, please login to the Members' Area and view the profiles and placement details of the recruiters involved.
Seven split placements in the first quarter, nine split placements in the second quarter, and now 12 split placements in the third quarter. At this rate, Cameron might make 15 in the fourth quarter.
Napoles was second with six split placements, while a handful of recruiters made three split placements apiece, led by Gail Williams of Williams Recruiting, Inc., whose cash-in total for those three gave her third place.
Highest Split Placement Fee of the Quarter
Denise Milano Sprung of JA Pharma, Inc. and Stephanie McGinty of Ives & Associates, Inc.
This placement was for a Director of Medical Communications-Early Oncology. Milano Sprung was the job order recruiter, and McGinty was the candidate recruiter. The action causing this split placement was listed as, "Regular communication with another Top Echelon Network Preferred Member recruiter in my specialty area."
Top Echelon Network is a split placement recruiter network. As such, we place an emphasis on split placements, and that emphasis constitutes the basis of our criteria for these recognition awards. We determine the quarterly award winners based upon two factors, which are listed below in order of importance:
Boo-yeah! Nine Placements = 'Recruiter of the Quarter'!
When you make nine placements in Top Echelon Network in the same quarter, there's an excellent chance you're going to be named "Recruiter of the Quarter."
Well, that happened during the second quarter. The Preferred Member recruiter who accomplished the feat? None other than Trey Cameron of the Cameron Craig Group, the Network's "Top-Producing Recruiter" in 2011.
Cameron, who's currently atop the 2012 leader board, is well on his way to garnering the "Top-Producing" honors once again this year.
However, Cameron wasn't part of the "Highest Split Placement Fee of the Quarter," so he's NOT involved in every award we announce . . . although sometimes it seems as though that's the case.
Below are the winners of the recognition awards for the second quarter of this year. We'd like to congratulate those recruiters who earned them and thank them for their efforts.
You'd think that Trey wouldn't be able to top what he did during the first quarter (seven placements), but he did just that with a whopping nine placements during the second quarter.
Other recruiters enjoyed highly productive quarters, as well, including Maria Hemminger of MJ Recruiters, LLC (six placements) and Sean Napoles, CPC of Career Brokers, Inc. and Marc Tappis of Opportunity Search, Inc. (four placements apiece).
Steve Copeland of Albert Energy, LLC and Jeff Gilbert of Kingfish Technology, LLC
This placement was for a Global Alliance Program Director. Copeland was the job order recruiter, and Gilbert was the candidate recruiter. The action causing this split placement was listed as, "Regular communication with another Top Echelon Network Preferred Member recruiter in my specialty area."
The Top-Producing Recruiters for the First Quarter Are . . .
The first quarter of 2012 is over! What does that mean? That there are three more quarters to go . . . and we have some awards to announce.
However, there are some "old faces" located within this blog post. One of them is Trey Cameron of the Cameron Craig Group, who has continued the torrid pace he set in 2011. Another recruiter gaining recognition for his performance during the first quarter is Gene McQueen, also of the Cameron Craig Group. McQueen not only was in the running for the "Recruiter of the Quarter" award, but he was also part of the "Highest Split Placement Fee of the Quarter" award.
So while last year was a big one for the Cameron Craig Group, this year is shaping up to be not too shabby, either. Can somebody dethrone Trey Cameron during the second quarter? Time—and split placements—will tell the tale.
In the meantime, below are the winners of the recognition awards for the first quarter of this year. We'd like to congratulate those recruiters who earned them and thank them for their efforts. For more information about the placements and cash-in totals associated with these recognition awards, please login to the Members' Area and view the profiles and placement details of the recruiters involved.
Cameron, who seems to be winning this award just about every quarter these days, made a total of seven split placements during the recently completed first quarter. Maria Hemminger of MJ Recruiters, LLC was second with five split placements, while Gene McQueen of the Cameron Craig Group and David Wick of Career Center of Cincinnati, Inc. made four split placements apiece.
Steven C. Brandvold of Executive Connection and Gene McQueen of the Cameron Craig Group
This placement was for a Director of Human Resources. Brandvold was the job order recruiter, and McQueen was the candidate recruiter. The action causing this split placement was listed as, "The job order or candidate was sent to me via the automated email alerts."
Trey Cameron: 'Recruiter of the Month' AND 'Recruiter of the Quarter'
by Mark Demaree on January 3, 2012
The beginning of one year means . . . a bunch of Top Echelon Network awards need to be passed out for the previous year. While we won't be distributing any awards right now (we'll do that at the upcoming 2012 National Convention instead), there are some accomplishments that we'd like to recognize for the month of December and the fourth quarter of 2011.
If it appears as though one picture keeps displaying below, that's because it is—the picture of Trey Cameron of the Cameron Craig Group. Cameron was part of three of the four recognition awards for December and the fourth quarter, including "Recruiter of the Month" and "Recruiter of the Quarter." As you might imagine, he's in line to receive quite a bit of hardware at the National Convention, as well. We'll let you know exactly how much hardware Cameron—and other Preferred Member recruiters—won during 2011 in a future issue of The Pinnacle Newsletter Blog.
In the meantime, below are the winners of the recognition awards for December and the fourth quarter of the year. We'd like to congratulate those recruiters who earned them and thank them for their efforts. For more information about the placements and cash-in totals associated with these recognition awards, please login to the Members' Area and view the profiles and placement details of the recruiters involved.
Cameron was the only recruiter in the Network to make three split placements during the month of December.
A number of recruiters made one split placement. Leading the charge were Jim Hipskind, CPC of Continental Search & Outplacement, Inc.; Ron Sunshine of Ron Sunshine Associates; and Frank Gregg of Gregg & Associates.
Cameron, who also won this award for the third quarter of 2011, made a total of eight split placements during the recently completed fourth quarter. Four recuiters made three split placements each. They were Jim Strickland of BioSource International; Sean Napoles of Career Brokers, Inc.; Rebecca Kohn of Affinity Executive Search; and Steve Brody of Executive Resource Systems.
Highest Split Placement Fee of the Month
Jim Hipskind, CPC of Continental Search & Outplacement, Inc. and Trey Cameron of the Cameron Craig Group
This placement was for a Corporate Controller. Hipskind was the job order recruiter, and Cameron was the candidate recruiter. The action causing this placement was listed as "Regular phone communication with a Top Echelon Network Preferred Member recruiter in my specialty area."
Denise Milano Sprung of JA Pharma, Inc. and Jim Strickland of BioSource International
This placement was for a Lead Neurologist. Milano Sprung was the job order recruiter, and Strickland was the candidate recruiter. The action causing this placement was a collaborative effort between Milano Sprung and Strickland to close the candidate, who applied for the position through Strickland's Hiring Hook website.
Top Echelon Network is a split placement network. As such, we place an emphasis on split placements, and that emphasis constitutes the basis of our criteria for these recognition awards. We determine the monthly and quarterly award winners based upon two factors, which are listed below in order of importance:
Trey Cameron is the 'Recruiter of the Quarter' for the Third Quarter!
by Mark Demaree on October 5, 2011
How in the world is it the fourth quarter of 2011 already? We have no idea . . . but we do know that means it's time for our award winners for the third quarter of the year, not to mention the month of September.
And wouldn't you know it? We have a familiar face among the winners. That face belongs to none other than Trey Cameron of the Cameron Craig Group, who has been part of these monthly and quarterly awards quite a bit during the past year.
Below are the winners of the awards for September of 2011, as well as the third quarter of the year. We'd like to congratulate those recruiters who earned them and thank them for their efforts. For more information about the placements and cash-in totals associated with these awards, please login to the Members' Area and view the profiles and placement details of the recruiters involved.
Angela Marasco of A. Marasco Recruiting, LLC
Marasco was the only recruiter in the Network to make three split placements during the month of September.
Three recruiters made two split placements apiece. They were Carolyn Barcus of Barcus Associates, Cameron, and John Hope of Tri-Force.
Cameron, who also won this award for the fourth quarter of 2010, made a total of seven split placements during the recently completed third quarter. Following Cameron were Russell Schutt, CSP of Progressive Executive, Inc. with six split placements; Pamela Ratz DeVille, CPC of Health Career Professional, LLC with four split placements; and Bob Small of Carroll Technology Services, Inc. and Marasco with three split placements apiece.
Patrick Walsh of the PSW Group and Denise Milano Sprung of JA Pharma, Inc.
This placement was for a Scientific Team Leader. Walsh was the job order recruiter, and Milano Sprung was the candidate recruiter. The action causing this placement was listed as "Regular phone communication with a TE Network Member in my specialty area."
Amy Recker of Bridgeway Professionals, Inc. and Frank Gregg of Gregg & Associates
This placement was for a Vice President of Operations. Recker was the job order recruiter, and Gregg was the candidate recruiter. The action causing this placement was listed as "The job order or candidate was found by searching the Members' Area."
Top Echelon Network is a split placement network. As such, we place an emphasis on split placements, and that emphasis constitutes our criteria for these awards. We determine the monthly and quarterly award winners based upon two things: 1.) The number of split placements made, and 2.) The amount of cash-in dollars earned.


personal and professional development opportunities for mindfulness-based course teachers to support them to work within recognised Good Practice Standards. The Mindfulness Network brings together an associate team of experienced teachers and supervisors with the intention of offering services that are supportive to the mission of the university centres but which sit more easily in a not for profit company.
Our associates have all been highly trained, undergo rigorous recruitment processes in order to join our team, and are committed to engaging in ongoing updating and good practice.
Our work supports the mission of the UK Network for Mindfulness-based Teachers Training Organisations, which upholds and disseminates good practice standards for teachers of eight-week courses that originate from Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction.
We aim to offer services at rates that are affordable with the intention of supporting mindfulness teachers across the UK and beyond to engage in their work with the highest levels of integrity. We are particularly interested in supporting teachers who are working with hard to reach communities. To this end we have flexible pricing structures that enable those who can afford it to contribute funds which support those on low income.


The mind of the twenty-something is in a permanent state of disarray. Where to go. What to do. Who to love. When to stay. When to go.
You will go mad defending your changes of mind. There will be much internal opposition. You will love them. You won't need them. You will never think of them; they are all you think of.
There can be no other remedy than exploration. Do everything, be every way you want to be. We must not resign ourselves to only one personality, one set of dreams, one way of living. Decisions shouldn't match all of the time, they are and should be as odd as yourself.
You will forever be a contradiction.
Because you are complicated. You are large. You are young. And you contain multitudes.


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DHA Supports Brain Development and Protects Neurological Function
The DHA fraction of omega-3 fatty acids has been shown to provide wide-ranging benefits for infant and adult brains. In addition to improving cognitive performance, researchers have found that DHA can play an important role in reducing the symptoms of depression, anxiety disorders, and anger.
Scientifically reviewed by: Dr. Gary Gonzalez, MD, in January 2021. Written by: Russell L. Blaylock, MD.
One of the major building blocks of the brain, the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is critical for optimal brain health and function at all ages of life. Researchers are now finding that DHA provides brain-boosting benefits in infants and aging adults.
Recognizing DHA's crucial role in neurological and visual development in infants, manufacturers are rushing to incorporate DHA into infant formulas and baby foods. Similarly, adults seeking to stave off psychiatric and neurological ailments such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and Alzheimer's disease are now paying careful attention to their DHA intake.Here, we'll discuss DHA's integral role in ensuring optimal cognitive and neurological health.
The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is crucial for the healthy structure and function of the brain. An optimal intake of DHA is especially essential for pregnant and nursing mothers to ensure adequate brain development in their children.
DHA is essential for the adult brain, where it impacts the brain's structure and signaling systems.
DHA helps promote nervous system development and optimal memory function.
DHA deficiency has been linked with many psychiatric disorders such as depression, suicidal behavior, anger, and hostility.
Evidence suggests that adequate DHA intake may help prevent age-related memory decline and Alzheimer's disease.
Multiple Benefits of Omega-3 Oils
Most scientists and medical authorities agree that a higher intake of omega-3 oils is important for good health. This is based on a large number of well-conducted studies in humans and animals, which have shown that omega-3 oils improve brain function, decrease inflammation, reduce the incidence of fatal heart attacks and ischemic strokes, improve the outcome of autoimmune diseases, and improve vision.
Of particular interest are the beneficial effects of omega-3 oils on neurological function and brain protection. For instance, a number of studies have shown that higher intakes of omega-3 oils significantly reduce the incidence of Alzheimer's disease as well as vascular dementia, and improve quality of life and memory in those affected by dementia.1
Although there is general agreement about the health benefits of omega-3 oils, few appreciate the differences in their various components called eico-sapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaeonic acid (DHA). These two components make up the bulk of the omega-3 oils. The ratio of EPA and DHA can vary considerably in commercial products, however, most of which have much higher concentrations of EPA, mainly because it is less expensive to manufacture and has a less fishy odor than DHA. Yet, studies have shown that most of the neurological benefits of omega-3 oils are derived from the DHA component rather than the EPA component.
In both the Chicago2 and Rotterdam studies,3 researchers found a 60% reduction in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease in those eating at least one fish-containing meal a week. In the Chicago study, DHA exerted a strong protective effect, which was not seen with EPA. Furthermore, this study found that intake of the plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid, was associated with a reduction in the risk of Alzheimer's disease in subjects carrying the APOE4 gene, which is a powerful indicator of the disease.
People with Alzheimer's disease have dramatically lower levels of DHA in the neurons of their hippocampus, an area of the brain severely affected in the disease. This area is vital to creating recent memories (so-called working memory or declarative memory).4 Prasad and co-workers from the University of Kentucky found that phospholipids such as phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE), which normally contain the highest levels of DHA, are severely depleted in those regions of the brain most affected by Alzheimer's disease.5
DHA supplementation not only improves memory in cases of Alzheimer's disease but has also been shown to improve age-related memory loss as well.6 Animal studies have shown that DHA-supplemented diets can counteract learning difficulties when soluble amyloid-beta (the most injurious form of Alzheimer's-associated amyloid) is infused into the animals' brains.7
Animal studies, both in mice and non-human primates, also show that DHA-depleted diets impair learning and memory, and that re-feeding DHA-containing diets reverses these impairments.8-9 Feeding rats diets high in DHA improves both working memory (very short-term memory) and reference memory (longer-term) in both old and young animals.8,10,11
Reisbick and co-workers at the Oregon Health Sciences University found that rhesus monkeys fed a long-term omega-3-deficient diet began to show stereotyped behaviors during early life.12 These are the type of repetitive behaviors seen with social deprivation and autism.
Clearly, omega-3 oils such as DHA play essential roles in learning, memory, and behavior. Next, we'll look at their role in supporting nervous system development.
DHA and Brain Development
A growing number of studies in both human infants and animals are showing a strong correlation between the intake of omega-3 oils, especially DHA, and cognitive function, visual acuity, and overall brain development.13-15 In the human infant, brain development undergoes its most rapid and complex growth during the last trimester of pregnancy and the first two years after birth. This means that during this period the child's eventual neurological development is highly dependent on its dietary intake of essential nutrients, especially omega-3 oils.
Because the fetal and infant brain is unable to convert enough alpha-linolenic oil (an omega-3 oil found in some plant oils) into DHA, the baby almost totally depends on its mother for its supply.16 There is good evidence that the placenta selectively takes up DHA so as to ensure an adequate supply for the growing baby.17,18 Some 70% of energy supply during fetal development is devoted to brain development, and lipids make up 50 to 60% of the structure of the brain, with DHA making up 30% of the brain and 50% of the retina's structure. However, since the baby depends on the mother for its supply of DHA, omega-3 deficiencies in the mother can lead to increases in DHA deficiency in the infant brain with each successive birth. Studies have shown that brain DHA deficiency is limited to about 30% with the first generation, but by the third generation, brain DHA levels can fall by as much as 85%.19
The average DHA and EPA intake combined in the USA is about 100-200 mg/day, far below the 650 mg of DHA plus EPA that experts recommend for healthy individuals.20 Furthermore, it has been shown that after birth, DHA levels fall between the ages of 6 and 12 months mostly due to low DHA content in most baby foods and formulas,21 which can have a profound effect on postnatal brain development. A study that measured the impact of DHA on visual development in 6-month-old infants found that retinal and visual cortex maturation was greatly improved in infants receiving DHA-enriched egg yolk versus control infants who were deficient in DHA. In fact, the researchers found that even in breast-fed infants, DHA levels fell, whereas levels rose by 34% in the supplemented infants.21
In developing babies, higher levels of DHA levels are needed for the growth of neuronal cells than other brain structures.22 The composition of the membranes of neural cells is under constant reconstruction, and can change drastically with changes in diet. It has been shown that while other fatty acids plateau at birth, DHA levels actually double, mainly during periods of intense nerve cell development, that is, during intense brain growth.
Overwhelming evidence for the benefits of DHA comes from a recent review of some 50 studies, which concluded that higher DHA in babies' diets translates into better brain function, especially for cognitive and visual function.23 Further evidence that DHA may promote healthy nervous system development comes from a recent study in which researchers divided 53 normal, healthy infants into those exclusively breast-fed and those exclusively bottle-fed with a formula containing no DHA. Using assessments of visual, auditory, and sensory perception, they found definite abnormalities in all three tests in the bottle-fed babies at one year of age.24
A devastating consequence of low DHA status is its impact on the development of neurological abnormalities. In another study, researchers measured DHA, essential fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and arachidonic acid levels in the umbilical artery and vein of infants. They found that infants with neurological abnormalities at birth had significantly lower levels of arachidonic acid and DHA and higher trans fatty acid levels.25 In contrast, infants with higher arachidonic acid, DHA, and essential fatty acid levels had more normal neurological function. Editor's note: While excess levels of arachidonic acid contribute to chronic inflammation in aging humans, arachidonic acid is a critical building block to developing brains.
In a further test of cognitive development in infancy, researchers found that maternal and fetal DHA levels measured at birth correlated with attention and distractibility at 12 and 18 months, with those having higher DHA levels fairing better than those with low levels.26 It is also interesting to note that DHA plays a major role in muscle function and coordination in developing infants. A recent study using newborn baboons revealed that the highest levels of DHA are found in the motor control areas of the brain,27 which also play a major role in memory, social development, and behavior.
So we see that adequate DHA in the mother's diet is critical for normal brain development in her babies, and that with the first baby, her DHA level will fall even more because the placenta will preferentially extract the mother's DHA for the baby. This means that subsequent babies will have even lower DHA levels as the mother's DHA is further depleted.
The big question is, can developmental problems triggered by low DHA levels be reversed? The evidence seems to indicate, yes. For example, in one study, rats fed low-DHA diets for three generations from birth (producing severe deficiencies in brain DHA levels) and then fed a DHA-enhanced diet for six weeks achieved the same level on testing of spatial learning as animals maintained on an omega-3-adequate diet for three generations.28 A DHA-enriched diet for less than six weeks had no effect.
However, the rate of recovery of brain DHA varies among studies, depending on the experimental animal model and other variables. In another study, rat pups that were fed DHA-depleted diets for two generations followed by an omega-3-containing diet beginning at 15 days after birth began to regain DHA in essential brain structures within one day, but full recovery took one month.29 This slow recovery in rats was confirmed by other scientists.30 In the rhesus monkey, recovery of brain DHA can take as long as 12 weeks.31
In addition, the brain recovers its lost DHA slower than peripheral tissues. In one study, the rate of recovery of brain DHA went from 19% at one week, to 35% at two weeks, and to 80% at eight weeks in rats. In the retina, which has an even higher DHA content than the brain, recovery was faster than the brain, reaching 72% at four weeks, and was fully recovered at eight weeks.32 Recovery of DHA by the adult brain, however, is slower and less complete than the infant brain.33
DHA and the Adult Brain
While DHA is essential for the proper development of the infant brain, it also plays a vital role in the ongoing structure and function of the adult brain. It is a component of several important phospholipids in the brain, with the highest levels of DHA being found in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl-serine (PS).34,35 Lower levels exist in phosphatidyl-cholines (PC). Structurally, DHA comprises 22 carbons and six double bonds, making it the most unsaturated fatty acid in cell membranes and an important ingredient in increasing the fluidity of cell membranes.
Changing the fluidity of cell membranes alters their physical properties, such as permeability and protein activity. This change can drastically alter cell signaling and plays a major role in increasing membrane permeability of cancer cells, making them more susceptible to immunologic and chemothera-peutic killing.36 EPA, however, has much less effect on membrane fluidity than DHA.37
It has also been shown that a greater incorporation of DHA into cell membranes results in dramatically less susceptibility to lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in cells, especially neurons.38
Although many view the brain as a stable structure that changes little after adolescence, it is in fact always in a state of flux, not only by forming millions of new nerve connections, but also by replacing and altering its biochemical makeup, especially membrane lipids. Connected with this constant turnover of brain lipids are the phospholipase enzymes, which can release arachidonic acid and DHA from the cell membrane.39 Dietary changes can therefore drastically alter brain lipids, which can significantly alter brain function, even worsening neuropsychiatric disorders.40
Furthermore, there is evidence that as we age, the distribution of DHA in the brain changes.41 For example, during infancy the highest levels are found in the striatum (associated with motor control) and are lower in the hypothalamus (linking the nervous and endocrine systems) and hippocampus (associated with memory). In adults, the highest levels are in the cortex (essential to cognition) and lowest in the medulla (crucial for autonomic function). With aging, the highest levels are in the cortex and cerebellum (involved in motor control). An example of this regional specificity was seen in a recent study when scientists restored dietary DHA to rats that had been deprived of the nutrient. They found that all areas of brain DHA were restored after 12 weeks, except for the medulla, which recovered only 62% of its DHA.41 These findings therefore provide plentiful evidence that consuming enough DHA may be essential for upkeep of the adult brain.
DHA and Cell Signaling
In the past, a lot of attention has been paid to the effects of omega-3 oils on membrane properties, which are very important to the brain's healthy functioning. After all, membranes regulate entry into the cell as well as control receptor function, which facilitates cellular communication. More recently, however, researchers have discovered that omega-3 oils, especially the DHA component, also affect cell signaling.
Hundreds, if not thousands, of special molecules are involved in cell signaling, which control not only the cell's internal communication with the outside, but also communication within the cell. A group of special transcription molecules allows cells to communicate with the genes as well.
The vast array of cell-signaling molecules allows the signals to be fine-tuned and alternately switched to an assortment of functions—such as regulating cellular energy via the mitochondria, activating or silencing genes, generating specialized proteins, ion regulation, and regulating inflammatory mediators (see figure 1 on page 50). The complexity of actions within a cell is therefore carefully regulated by cell-signaling molecules.
Numerous enzymes, such as adenyl cyclase and protein kinase A involved in energy regulation, are upregulated by DHA. The DHA omega-3 also reduces proinflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, and increases the production of anti-inflammatory compounds such as lipoxins and resolvin along with substances that protect brain cells called neuroprotectins (see figure 3 on page 51).42
DHA also maintains the activity of a key cell membrane enzyme called Na+/K+ ATPase that extracts energy from ATP to drive the cellular sodium pump, which controls electrical impulses betweens cells. For example, it has been shown that feeding rats a DHA-deficient diet lowers activity of Na+/K+ ATPase by 40%.43 This enzyme is also linked to 60% of the energy consumed by the brain.44 Maintaining cellular energy levels is particularly important in preventing excitotoxicity (a pathological process that damages or kills nerve cells), since low energy can dramatically increase sensitivity to this destructive process.
Another essential cognitive process controlled by DHA is regulating the brain's concentration of phosphatidylserine (PS), which is also vital for cell survival.45 Diets low in DHA reduce brain PS, which affects cell signaling for survival through enzymes including Na+/K+ ATPase and calcium uptake. Calcium is one of the most common and versatile cell-signaling systems. DHA, but not EPA, has been shown to be a major regulator of calcium oscillations (waves within cells),46 which regulate a vast array of cellular functions, including neurotransmitter release, mitochondrial function, gene activation, oxidative stress, and, in the developing brain, neuron migration and maturation.47 Low DHA levels are also known to lower brain and cellular growth factors, such as brain-derived growth factor.
Another detrimental effect of low DHA is to increase neuronal death. An observation of this was seen in a lab study, which revealed a dramatic increase in DNA fragmentation of DHA-depleted neurons in cell culture. Enriching this cellular medium with DHA protected the neurons,48 an effect that appeared to operate through phosphatidylserine (PS) via its actions on cell-signaling survival pathways.
As well as killing neurons, diets low in DHA decrease PS levels in the hippocampal region of the brain, associated with memory consolidation, which may explain, in part, the improvement in cognition and memory seen in studies of PS supplementation in patients with dementia.49 DHA is the major omega-3 oil component of the central nervous system and accumulates particularly in PS. Omega-3 deficiency has been correlated with approximately 30-35% reduction in PS levels in key neuronal cells during both prenatal and postnatal periods.96
One of the principal cell-signaling pathways affected by both EPA and DHA is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, or PPARs. When activated, this pathway inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production, thus greatly reducing inflammation, both systemically and in the brain. This could play a major role in reducing the damage generated by a host of disorders such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, brain aging, autism, and the neuro-degenerative disorders.
Studies have shown that EPA and DHA activate PPARs, which in turn suppress nuclear factor-kappab (NF-kb), the main transcription system that activates inflammation.50 Thus, DHA, which is more potent than EPA in activating PPARs, may have important implications for reducing inflammation in the brain. A high intake of DHA and EPA also reduces inflammation by displacing arachidonic acid (a proinflammatory precursor) and cholesterol from the cell membrane, reducing the starting material used to make inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, DHA inhibits inflammatory eicosanoid production induced by the release of arachidonic acid from cell membranes. As we age, brain inflammation progressively increases, but a diet higher in DHA relative to other fatty acids may reduce this age-related brain inflammation.
DHA and Neurotransmitters
The beneficial effects of DHA extend beyond promoting optimal neuron function and reducing inflammation. A number of studies have shown that omega-3 oils—especially DHA—can also support healthy levels of neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers between cells. For example, it has been shown that a DHA-supplemented diet can restore neurotransmitter release in the hippocampus and reverse age-related impairment of memory acquisition.51 This may be due, in part, to DHA's effect on increasing the fluidity of cell membranes, which improves their ability to release neurotransmitters, but it may also involve cell signaling.52,53 Another important effect of DHA is in increasing the density of nerve outgrowths called dendrites, a property that is strongly connected to improved learning in rats as well as humans.54
In addition, DHA has rather complex effects on a number of neurotransmitters, including serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, glutamate, and dopamine.46,55,56 Deficiencies in DHA have been shown to lower the level of dopamine and the dopamine receptor D2 in the frontal lobe, which can result in problems with attention and learning.57 This may explain the ability of DHA to promote focused attention and to calm anxiety.
One important effect of DHA-deficient diets was seen in a study using the reward chemical dopamine, which found that long-term omega-3 deficiency raised dopamine levels in a region of the brain closely linked to addiction behavior.58 This, in essence, significantly increases susceptibility to addictive behaviors, whether to foods, sex, or illicit drugs.
Finally, DHA also plays a key role in neurotrans-mitter receptor function. Recent studies have found significant effects of DHA on cell membrane structures called G-protein-coupled receptors, which communicate with the inside of the cell when stimulated by neurotransmitters such as glutamate, serotonin, and acetylcholine.42,59 Since these receptors are inducible, that is, their numbers can be increased on demand or by altering nutrients, dietary changes can significantly affect how the brain functions.
Effect of Omega-3 Oils on Depression and Suicide Risk
Because of the frequent profound effect of EPA, and especially DHA, on cell signaling, membranes, neurotransmitters and receptors, one would expect that omega-3 oils produce equally profound changes in human behavior as well. In fact, a number of studies have found a close correlation between omega-3 oils in the diet and behavior. Of special interest is the effect of omega-3 oils on depression, suicide risk, aggression, anger, and anxiety.
Depression has become a major problem, with rates increasing at younger ages than ever before, and the disease occurring even in preteens. Also increasing are rates of anxiety disorders, anger dyscontrol, insomnia, violent suicides, and even homicides. Scientists have proposed a common link between these disorders and chronic brain inflammation. Likewise, a number of medical conditions have been associated with chronic depression, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and overall poor health. Until recently, it was assumed that this was because of neuro-endocrine effects or other nonspecific reasons. However, a growing amount of research now indicates these diseases are linked to depression by a common mechanism—a high level of inflam-matory mediators, such as cytokines and inflam-matory prostaglandins.
Unlike acute brain inflammation, as seen with meningitis and encephalitis, subtle, chronic brain inflammation can be silent, except for its behavioral manifestations.60 Chronic brain inflammation can be the result of a number of conditions, such as abdominal obesity, latent viral infections, autoimmune diseases, metabolic syndrome, heavy metal intoxi-cation, and deficiencies in omega-3 oils.
Studies have revealed a close correlation between chronic inflammation and depression.61-65 A recent study even found a strong correlation between inflammatory cytokine levels and the high rates of depression and suicide in anesthesiologists.66 Furthermore, a number of studies suggest that many of the antidepressant medications also act as anti-inflammatory agents and that patients who respond poorly have the highest levels of inflammatory cytokines.67-70
Chronic brain inflammation has also been found in post-traumatic stress disorder and postpartum depression.71,72 It may be that omega-3 oils improve major depression, as well as a number of other neuro-psychiatric disorders, by reducing brain inflammation.
It is known that a deficiency in omega-3 oils affects serotonergic and dopaminergic neuro-transmission, and that if restored before weaning (discontinuation of nursing), these defects can be repaired in the brain.73,74 Both of these neurotransmitters, as well as inflammation, play a significant role in neuro-psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, borderline psychotic personality, suicide, hostility/aggression, bipolar disorder, and major depression.
Shrinkage of the hippocampus of the brain has been described in major depression and in post-traumatic stress disorder.75 This shrinkage (atrophy) is also accompanied by deficiencies in recent memory. Memory deficits may occur before atrophy and neuron loss, and treatment of the depression may help restore hippocampal neurons and connections (neutrites and synapses).76
While both EPA and DHA have been associated with improvements in major depression, only DHA stimulates neurite outgrowth and synaptic development and repair, that is, brain plasticity.54 Therefore, it may be a better choice in methods to repair the brain damage of chronic depression.
A growing problem in this country is postpartum depression, which is often linked with suicide, homicide, and infanticide. A number of studies have linked low blood levels and red blood cell levels of omega-3 fatty acids with postpartum depression.77-79
For example, a study of 10 pregnant women who developed postpartum depression versus 38 who did not found that the proportion of DHA in the serum phospholipids was consistently lower in the women with postpartum depression.79
Suicide risk has also been linked to low omega-3 levels in the blood and cell membranes.80,81 In one such study, researchers at the Department of Neuroscience at the New York State Psychiatric Institute followed 33 medication-free, depressed patients for two years. Seven of the subjects attempted suicide. Low plasma DHA percentage in serum phospholipids and a high ratio of omega-6 fats to omega-3 fats accurately predicted the suicide attempts.82 Unfortunately, Americans consume far more omega-6 fats than are needed for good health.
With the aforementioned effects of DHA on brain levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine, as well as receptor expression and cell signaling in synaptic membranes, one should not be surprised by the dramatic behavioral impact of omega-3 deficiency.
The evidence for the effect of omega-3 oils on another neurotransmitter, glutamate—the most abundant messenger in the brain—is still being debated. There is compelling evidence that a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, biopolar disorder, suicide risk, and major depression, are related to abnormalities in glutamate neurotransmission.83-85
Data to indicate that excess glutamate may be responsible for major depression, as well as other psychiatric disorders of mood and impulse control comes from a number of quarters. Firstly, depression and schizophrenia have been linked with a decrease in glutamate transport proteins, which normally carry excess glutamate away from nerve endings. This can greatly increase brain glutamate levels and excitotoxicity,86 and would explain the loss of neurons in the hippocampus seen in schizophrenia and major depression. Secondly, the drug ketamine, which is a powerful glutamate receptor antagonist, also acts like an antidepressant.87 Another drug, riluzole, which prevents the release of glutamate from cells also prevents degeneration of brain cells in depression and raises brain growth factor levels, which are consistently lowered in depression. Finally, careful studies have shown that glutamate receptors in depression are overactivated and glutamate removal systems, which normally protect the brain from glutamate excess, function abnormally. These same studies have found that the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, which is essential to protecting the brain against excitotoxicity, also works subnormally.
If indeed, major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and suicide risk are related to excitotoxic injury, omega-3 oils may play a significant role in combating these disabling disorders, since several studies have shown that omega-3 oils—especially DHA—significantly reduce excitotoxicity.88,89
Low DHA in the Diet Increases Anger and Hostility
Low omega-3 levels, especially DHA levels, have also been associated with anger and hostility reactions. For example, in the first of a two-part multicenter randomized study, medical students were either given a placebo or fish oils containing 1.5 g per day of DHA for three months.90 In this part of the study, which was done during a high-stress period (during final exams), they found an 8.9% increase in aggression in the placebo group, whereas those taking the DHA experienced no increase in aggressive tendencies.
In the second part of the study, using 46 non-stressed students, DHA had no effect on aggression.91 This is because increases in aggression were secondary to stress and DHA appeared to only calm stimulated aggressive urges. This is consistent with the above-cited studies indicating DHA deficiency causes disruption of monoamine neurotransmission (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin) as well as acetylcholine and glutamate neurotransmission, all of which are related to impulse and anger control. These effects are also related to the cell-signaling, anti-inflammatory, and membrane fluidity effects of DHA, which are greater than those of EPA (see figure 3 on page 51).
In a later study in 41 university students, researchers compared a high-DHA diet (1.5 g/day) with placebo (soybean oil) over a three-month period to see the effects on hostile responses.92 They found that there was a 27% incidence of hostile answers at baseline, which rose to 92% during final exams. Again, there was no increase in hostility among those taking the high-DHA supplement. They also found that DHA supplementation significantly reduced hostility measures among university staff.
There is even evidence that extra DHA in the diet can reduce aggressive behavior in younger children. For example, in a study examining girls and boys aged 9 to 12 years, adding omega-3-fortified foods (3,600 mg DHA and 840 mg EPA per week) reduced impulsive behavior in both males and females, with stronger results in females.93
One of the effects of higher DHA intake is to reduce plasma norepinephrine levels, which reduces the fight-or-flight response. In one study, DHA's ability to modulate plasma norepinephrine was quite dramatic, with no effects on cortisol, epinephrine, glucose, or insulin levels.94 DHA could thus be a useful weapon to reduce anxiety and panic attacks.
Supplementing with DHA
Healthy adults should consume 240-1,000 mg of DHA daily to protect their cognitive and neurological health. While many adults already consume omega-3 oil supplements containing both DHA and EPA, DHA standalone products allow those seeking higher DHA/EPA ratios to customize their intake according to their unique health concerns.
Pregnant and lactating women require a minimum of 300 mg DHA daily to promote optimal nervous system development in their children. Parents should ensure that their young children consume at least 150 mg of DHA per day to support health. Omega-3 oils are also available in good-tasting liquid formulations for young children and those who have difficulty swallowing capsules.
From this review we have seen that the omega-3 oils play a major role in brain development, with the highest demand occurring during intrauterine development and the first two years after birth (during the brain growth spurt). Deficiencies during neuro-development in the mother alter not only immediate development, but can set the stage for later disease and brain malfunction.
Because of the high demand for DHA by the developing baby and the preferential extraction from the mother's supply by the fetus, deficiencies are compounded with succeeding births, should the diet not improve. Likewise, this has a profound effect on the psychological profile of the mother, with severe deficiencies of her DHA resulting in increased rates of postpartum depression, and concomitant increased risk of suicide and homicide.
We have also seen that the effects of DHA and EPA on nervous system cells go beyond structural membrane effects (fluidity), but rather influence cell signaling, neurotransmitters, and receptor expression and function. This also includes gene regulation and expression. The effects of omega-3 oils on inflammation are complex, and go far beyond physically displacing arachidonic acid—the starting material for inflammatory prostaglandins—from the cell membrane. DHA also increases lipoxins, inhibits NF-kb, and produces neuroprotectin-D1 and resolvins.
Because of the complex interaction of omega-3 oils with a multitude of systems, both cellular and via neuronal networks, variations in brain EPA and especially DHA can have profound effects on learning and behavior. Ensuring optimal amounts of these healthful oils is thus essential throughout the healthy life span.
Safety Caution
Individuals who use the medication warfarin (Coumadin®) should consult a physician before supplementing with DHA.95
If you have any questions on the scientific content of this article, please call a Life Extension Health Advisor at 1-800-226-2370.
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81. Terao T, Soya A. Cholesterol, essential fatty acids, and suicide. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003 Mar;36(2):86-7.
82. Sublette ME, Hibbeln JR, Galfalvy H, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ. Omega-3 polyunsaturated essential fatty acid status as a
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88. Relton JK, Strijbos PJ, Cooper AL, Rothwell NJ. Dietary N-3 fatty acids inhibit ischaemic and excitotoxic brain damage in the rat.
Brain Res Bull. 1993;32(3):223-6.
89. Hogyes E, Nyakas C, Kiliaan A, et al. Neuroprotective effect of developmental docosahexaenoic acid supplement against excitotoxic
brain damage in infant rats. Neuroscience. 2003;119(4):999-1012.
90. Hamazaki T, Sawazaki S, Nagasawa T, et al. Administration of docosahexaenoic acid influences behavior and plasma catecholamine
levels at times of psychological stress. Lipids. 1999;34 SupplS33-7.
91. Hamazaki T, Sawazaki S, Nagao Y, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid does not affect aggression of normal volunteers under nonstressful conditions.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Lipids. 1998 Jul;33(7):663-7.
92. Hamazaki T, Sawazaki S, Itomura M, et al. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on hostility. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2001;88:47-52.
93. Itomura M, Hamazaki K, Sawazaki S, et al. The effect of fish oil on physical aggression in schoolchildren—a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem. 2005 Mar;16(3):163-71.
94. Sawazaki S, Hamazaki T, Yazawa K, Kobayashi M. The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on plasma catecholamine concentrations and
glucose tolerance during long-lasting psychological stress: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo). 1999 Oct;45(5):655-65.
95. Available at: http://www.pdrhealth.com/drugs/altmed/printview/altmed-mono-print.aspx?contentFileName=ame0278.
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in neuronal tissues. Lipids. 2000 Aug;35(8):863-9.
97. Kelley DS, Siegel D, Vemuri M, Mackey BE. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves fasting and postprandial lipid profiles in
hypertriglyceridemic men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Aug;86(No. 2):324-33.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
London's $1 billion fintech startup TransferWise quietly changed CEO in September
James Cook and Oscar Williams-Grut
Oct. 5, 2015, 12:53 PM
TransferWise, the London fintech startup valued at close to $1 billion (£660 million), quietly changed CEO in September.
Co-founder Taavet Hinrikus has taken over from fellow founder Kristo Käärmann as the boss of the international money transfer business.
Business Insider spotted the change on TransferWise's current "About" page.
Hinrikus is listed as CEO, while Käärmann's title is "Executive Founder":
But an archived version of the same page from September 10 shows Käärmann as CEO, while Hinrikus is credited as "Founder, Executive Chairman":
Business Insider contacted TransferWise for comment on its CEO change. It told us that there had been operational changes, but downplayed any serious consequences from the move:
A couple of months ago the founders changed their roles slightly. We're growing fast and we constantly look across the company to see how we can enable our teams to have the biggest impact. That goes for the founders too. We try different things to figure out what works best and gives us the fastest speed and the best outcome. It's a change in how the founders work together - but nothing has changed in the way that we execute towards the vision.
It looks like TransferWise's cofounders aren't 100% sure about who is the CEO, either. Both currently list their job title as CEO in their Twitter bio:
4-year-old TransferWise is one London's most exciting startups. The company was valued at $1 billion (£660 million) earlier this year after attracting a $58 million (£38 million) investment round led by Silicon Valley venture capital fund Andreessen Horowitz.
TransferWise lets people send money internationally online and uses a peer-to-peer marketplace to cut down on fees. Customers sending money one way are matched with consumers sending cash in the other direction.
Each customer then gets cash paid out of a pot in their native country, saving the actual transfer and hence cutting out fees. TransferWise then moves its money around in bulk to save money.
TransferWise announced in June that it is now transferring £500 million ($762 million) a month and has transferred over £3 billion ($4.5 billion) since launch.
NOW WATCH: 14-year-old makes up to $1,500 a night eating dinner in front of a webcam in South Korea
More: TransferWise London Startups Fintech


BHSN Girls Basketball earns a hard fought victory vs. Shelbyville in overtime 68-63. The Cougars overcame a 13 point deficit in the fourth quarter to extend the game into overtime and outscore SHS 14-9 in OT. BN was led in scoring by A. Urbanski (26), E. Lillis (18), and B. Grooms (10). The BN Junior Varsity team also won 25-14. The JV/V team will play Tuesday 11/13/18 at home vs. Martinsville High School.


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The Kansas City Saturday News Smile
Hottie hard news perspective for the weekend . . .
Fox News: Kate Upton, Sports Illustrated Swimsuit star and expecting mother, models racy lingerie
Closer to home, these news links are worth a look this later afternoon . . .
KCMO Call For Cooperation
Community's involvement key to ending spike in violence, leaders say
Hide Transcript Show Transcript WEBVTT IT'S A WITNESS. MORE PEOPLE NEED TO GET INVOLVED IN COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS. A POLICE OFFICER AND BEAR, PROVIDE COMFORT TO A TODDLER W WITNESSES A SHOOTING. SO MANY PEOPLE HURT BY RECENT GUN VIOLENCE IN KANSAS CITY. >> NO ONE IS EXEMPT FROM THIS PROBLEM.
Happy Rock Tragedy Today
Pedestrian struck, killed near Gladstone Walmart
A man was found dead outside a Walmart in Gladstone on Saturday. Police received the call at about 1:30 p.m. The man was a pedestrian who was struck and killed. His body was found outside of the store, which is at 7207 N. M1 Highway.
Golden Ghetto Crime Trend Alert
Lenexa police warn public about 'jugging'
It's a well-known term to law enforcement, but now Lenexa police want to warn the public about "jugging." It's when a criminal watches the victim go to the bank or use an ATM, then strikes when you least expect it. They are brazen criminals that strike in broad daylight.
Show-Me Union Fight
Influence of organized labor gets big test in Missouri vote
On the heels of a U.S. Supreme Court ruling weakening public-sector unions, labor's clout is being put to a new test by a voter referendum in Missouri over whether the state should ban compulsory union fees in all private-sector workplaces.
Kansas Dems Play County Card
Kansas Democrats try to end losing streak with rural appeal
TOPEKA, Kan. - Kansas Democrats are riding an eight-year losing streak in statewide elections, and the pressure to break it has intensified a debate within the party over how to pull more votes from Republican-leaning rural areas to help win the governor's race this year.
Tragic Update After Deadly Crash
Mother whose car plunged into Kansas River charged in daughter's death
A 26-year-old woman was charged in the death of her 5-year-old daughter after her car plunged into the Kansas River in Lawrence, Kansas, on Friday.
Kansas City Doubts Dayton
Hok Talk: Dayton Moore's Process is filled with flaws
Dayton Moore made a move earlier this week that shows he does understand the difference between results and process. Ryan O'Hearn was not having a good year in AAA by the results. But Dayton and the front office identified that his results didn't reflect his process.
Footballer Roster First Look
The first Kansas City Chiefs depth chart is here
The Kansas City Chiefs public relations department has released the team's first depth chart for the 2018 NFL season: Cameron Erving is currently listed ahead of Parker Ehinger at left guard. Ryan Hunter, after mixing in with the first team at left guard during OTAs, is now listed as the third right guard.
And this is the OPEN THREAD for right now . . .
Posted by Tony at 8/04/2018 03:09:00 PM
Shouldn't "jugging" be called "jigging"?


No rephrase that my photocopy walked in rubbing his eyes with his hands. Him: Daddy im hungry. Brad lifted him up.. Brad: Come i will make you food.Tina go and pack his bags.He belongs with his family. Tina: No..My son is not going anywhere.He is staying here with me.Please you cant let him take my son away from me. She must be mad crying over my child whom she stole 4years off us knowing him and watching him grown.I went to take him. Brad: Let me talk to him first. I nodded. Brad: Son you are gonna go away with this man for some time.He will be your new dad and when you get home with him you will meet your new mom. He shook his head with tears forming in his eyes. Itu: No i want to be with you. Brad: I will come and see you. He shook his head crying..I took him and he faught me which made it hard for me.I also had tears falling down.Its hard watching my son cry for another man.Its really not easy at all. Itu: I want my dad..Let me go!!!. Brad: I will go and get some of his important things.. I walked out with him and Valerie. Me: Thank you so much. Val: I called the police and they will be here in no time. Me: All i want is to take my son home. Val: So you are gonna let her walk free? Me:She must have had her reasons. Val: Are you sure? She might come for him once more. Me: I will protect my son.Should i take you home? Val: No dont worry about me.Just take care of him. Me: I will. Val: And i called Rene when you rejected my call.I thought you would come here with her. Me: She had to remain behind with Bella and Junior. I put him at the back seats while i get in the front.He was about to open the door then i locked the doors..Bradley brought all his documents and some clothes. Brad: I will come so that we can go to home affairs and change his surname and names. Me: Okay thanks... Brad: Im sorry.If i knew i would have brought him back. Me: i understand Brad: Greet Rene for me. Me: I will. Brad: Bye Itu..I will come visit you.. My son just kept quiet looking the other way with tears falling from his cheeks... I sighed heavily and started the car. RENE Me: Guys im worried about him.He has been gone for a long time. Hail: Dont worry he will come back.He just need to clear his mind. Me: Maybe i pushed him too far this time.. Ika: Dont say that.Lets just wait and see. We eventually fell asleep on the couches. * * I was woken up by Bella and Junior demanding food. The door flung open. Bella: Daddy!!! She ran to him and he picked her up and thats when i got to see the little boy behind him who was trying to hide himself.I got up and went to them..He held on so tight to Leon. Itu: Leave me alone. Leon: He is still scared. Tears fell from my eyes.It felt like a dream.Its really him.My son. Me: Is...is it him? Leon: Yes.. I knelt on the floor and got hold of his hand and hugged him. Me: My son...Jesus my son is back.where was he? Leon: Apparently Tina stole him and lied to Bradley that its her dead cousin's son. Me: What? Leon: Yes. Me: Boy im your mother. Itu: No i want my mom. Me: Im your mother. Itu: NO!! I WANNA GO HOME.. He cried while screaming. He got out of my embrace and raised his hands so that Leon can pick him up.Leon put Bella down and took him.. Me: He doesnt know me Leon..My...my son is refusing me. I broke down and cried. Leon: You have to understand that he never knew us.He will grow up to know us.Its not his fault that witch stole him from us.Give it time and he will adjust to the new environment. Me: Why would she do such an evil thing? Why did she take him away from us? He is our son and we missed so much years of his life.Its not fair Bella: Mommy why does that boy look like daddy? Why did daddy put me down so that he can hold him?


text:
Craig Colorusso's work usually starts with sound. Those sounds transform into art installations such as "Sun Boxes."
WORDS + PHOTOS / KODY FORD
Craig Colorusso's musical journey started like many other teenage boys'—he did it for the girls. At age 14 he began playing guitar in the hope of receiving romantic attention, but music opened doors to him he had not previously conceived of. A high school athlete, Colorusso felt a connection between sports and music, enjoying the physicality of playing guitar.
"[Guitar] felt different than everything else," he said. "I knew right away it would be a long path. Part of the deal with my parents was to actually take lessons, so I learned 30 seconds of all my favorite Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath songs. My first teacher was an old rocker dude but later I hooked up with a younger guy and the lessons soon became more than just guitar instruction. Early on I was able to see the analogy of guitar and life and vice versa."
Over the ensuing years Colorusso toured with bands and became a multi-instrumentalist, but he began to crave more. While he enjoyed performing live, he did not like the barrier between performer and audience. During this period, he found himself more affected and inspired by paintings and sculptures than music. He said, "I wanted to create something without the barrier and, although I was a musician, I wanted sound to be just one of the many elements. The first piece was MB 89. The first show was at the Words and Pictures museum in Northampton, Massachusetts. I made a wall of fabric back lit with some dimmers and played saxophone with some electronics for two hours. It was a performance meant to be treated like an [art] installation. The piece evolved to three cylinders of fabric and light and I would play bass clarinet in one of them for four hours. The whole room glows and breathes with light and sound."
Colorusso's work usually starts with sound. He hears things in his head first. He said, "I have a lot of ideas. Some I like and some I feel obligated to make and stand before them. There is an urgency with some of these ideas. I try and get those finished."
Wind has long inspired Colorusso. Once while raking leaves at a landscaping job, he stood in silence and awe watching the trees sway and the leaves sizzle. "My boss asked me what I was doing and I said, 'If I could make sound like the wind why would I play guitar?' He said, 'It doesn't matter. Keep raking.'"
While on tour out west for MB 89, he took a day of respite in New Mexico and stood in the desert, listening to the wind come out of nowhere, crescendo, and then mysteriously disappear. This inspired a piece he would create upon returning home—Sun Boxes. The musical art installation consists of 20 solar powered speakers, each playing a different note in a B flat chord. Each loop is different in length so the sounds change over time. Sun Boxes has traveled to 55 cities in 30 states.
These days Colorusso focuses on installations, each featuring music and sound. His work Sound Swings can be seen in Northwest Arkansas at Uptown Apartments + Shops. This collaboration with Modus Studios features a set of three swings that, when moving, play different parts of a composition. If all three swings were to move 24/7, the resulting song would last 55 days. CUBEMUSIC, boxes of light and sound, have been featured at the Arts Center of the Ozarks and Northwest Arkansas Community College.
As for the future of his work, Colorusso plans to continue working with installations.
"I feel immersed in installations, like I am actually part of the art," he said. "I have a lot of energy and sometimes can't sit still. I don't like being a spectator. I want to make work that encourages people to be present. I like systems that evolve. I like things that glow, float and drone."
VISIT / CRAIGCOLORUSSO.COM
IT'S FINE: How one transgender woman breaks down barriers in comedy with a blatant look at life mixed with a taste of wit.
WAC extends postponement period for events


text:
Q: Disable console.assert in Android WebView I have an Android WebView that loads .js files containing several console.assert(...) calls.
I would like to disable all console.assert calls when running those scripts in the Android WebView.
It is possible to do so? Could we imagine to do so only in certain build configuration/flavors?
Many thanks for your help.

A: I didn't tried , also not worked on it : i think if there is console message then you should have to return false .Try this but don't know it's work or not
webView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient()
{
   @Override
   public boolean onConsoleMessage(ConsoleMessage cm) {
      Log.d("TAG", cm.message() + " at " + cm.sourceId() + ":" + cm.lineNumber());
      return false;
   }
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange