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Notice of Stay of Enforcement Pertaining to Bicycles and Related Products
Record of Commission Action
Commissioners Voting by Ballot*
Commissioners Voting: Acting Chairman Thomas H. Moore
Commissioner Nancy A. Nord
ITEM: Stay of Enforcement of Lead Content Limits for Bicycles and Related Products (Briefing Package dated May 21,2009, OS No. 5724)
The Commission voted unanimously (2-0) to issue the Federal Register (FR) notice as drafted. The FR notice announces a stay of enforcement of the lead content provisions of section 101 (a) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, Public Law 110-314, for certain component parts and materials pertaining to bicycles, jogger strollers and bicycle trailers primarily intended for children 12 years and younger. Acting Chairman Moore and Commissioner Nord issued the attached statements with their votes.
* Ballot vote due June 3, 2009 (Received June 19 and 22, 2009)
STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE THOMAS H. MOORE ON THE NOTICE OF STAY OF ENFORCEMENT OF THE LEAD CONTENT LIMITS FOR BICYCLES AND RELATED PRODUCTS
From its inception, the Consumer Product Safety Commission focused its attention on bicycles. The bicycle was one of the earliest products for which the Commission issued mandatory regulations. At the time, bicycles ranked number one on the Commission's product hazard index and the agency determined that many of the injuries children and adults were sustaining on bicycles were attributable to mechanical and structural problems. Anything that could potentially affect the structural or mechanical integrity of children's bicycles would still be an issue of the highest concern at the agency.
I have been watching for some time now what appears to be a growing number of bicycle recalls involving cracking frames, breaking handlebars and stems, and breaking forks. There have been almost 35 in the last 8 years. Because these were voluntary recalls, our staff was not called upon to analyze the causes of the failures. Thus we do not know if there was a common flaw in these cases. Many of these bicycles were higher end models, and, therefore, likely lighter weight bikes made from composite materials. It may be that the lower amount of lead in these products had nothing whatsoever to do with their failures, but it is worrisome enough for me not to proceed to a reduction of lead in certain components of children's bicycles until all the necessary testing is done to ensure that the substitutes for lead do not compromise the structural or mechanical integrity of these bicycles. Therefore I am voting to approve a two-year stay of enforcement to give the bicycle industry additional time to do the development and testing work that will be required to resolve this issue. As:a result of the stay all bicycles currently on the market (whether new or used) can be sold or otherwise distributed, new bicycles can continue to be manufactured, and repairs to bicycles can proceed as usual
STATEMENT OF COMMISSIONER NANCY NORD ON THE STAY OF ENFORCEMENT OF THE LEAD CONTENT LIMITS FOR BICYCLES
The Notice of Stay of Enforcement of the lead provisions of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) with respect to children's bicycles is our latl~st effort to bring common sense to a law having unintended and adverse consequences on both consumers and product sellers. Although there is no evidence that riding bicycles presents a credible risk of lead poisoning, the inflexible nature of the CPSIA jeopardizes children's access to new and used bicycles.
From the standpoint of the consumer, enforcement of the law as written by the Congress would limit the availability and increase the costs of a product that is almost synonymous with childhood. But most importantly, because lead adds to the strength of the metal used and has other useful attributes, enforcement of the law could adversely impact the safety of children"s bicycles, leading to more deaths and injuries. A stay of enforcement is our only option to protect children.
While the stay of enforcement will allow children's bicycles to continue to be sold over the next two years, the stay also contemplates that manufacturers develop plans to reengineer their products to remove the lead from the metal used in children's bicycles. In other words,. we are requiring that manufacturers use scarce resources in challenging economic times to attempt to address a risk that children just do not encounter.
It is very troubling that the commission has had to resort to using stays of enforcement to avoid the unexpected, and, in some cases, the dangerous consequences that would result from enforcement of the CPSIA. Such a result does not increase consumer confidence and creates uncertainty in the marketplace. There are those who would add that, at some point, regular use of stays opens the agency up to legal challenge for not enforcing the law.
I have characterized such stays of enforcement as 'time out' for Congress and for the agency, together, to take deliberate steps to amend this law. Clearly the agency needs more flexibility to address real safety issues and should not be required to use its limited resources to regulate products that do not present safety risks to consumers. I hope Congress and the agency will profit from this 'time out' to make the CPSIA truly effective for the consumer. CPSC Hotline: 1-800-62i8-CPSC (2772). www.cpsc.gov
CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION
AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission.
ACTION: Stay of enforcement.
SUMMARY: The Consumer Product Safety Commission ("CPSC" or "Commission") is announcing its decision to stay enforcement of section 101 (a) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 ("CPSIA") with regard to certain parts of bicycles, jogger strollers, and bicycle trailers designed or intended primarily for children 12 years of age or younger. The Commission is staying enforcement of the specified lead level as it pertains to certain parts of these products, specifically components made with metal alloys, including steel containing up to 0.35 percent lead, aluminum with up to 0.4 percent lead, and copper with up to 4.0 percent lead.
DATES: This stay of enforcement is effective on June 30, 2009 and will remain in effect until July 1, 2011. The Commission may, based on evidence submitted to the Commission as described in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION portion of this document, decide to continue the stay for an additional period of time.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: John "Gib" Mullan, Assistant Executive Director for Compliance and Field Operations, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; e-mail jmullan@cpsc.gov.
On August 14, 2008, Congress enacted the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 ("CPSIA"), Public Law 110-314, 122 Stat. 3016. Section 101(a) of the CPSIA phases in declining limits on allowable lead content in children's products (defined as a consumer product designed or intended primarily for children 12 years of age or younger), starting on February 10, 2009 with 600 ppm and decreasing to 300 ppm on August 14, 2009. On August 15, 2011, the lead limit will be 100 ppm unless the Commission determines that a limit of 100 ppm is not technologically feasible for a product or a product category. The law does contain certain exclusions from the lead limits. One is for component parts that contain more than the allowable lead content, but where the component is not accessible to a child through normal and reasonably foreseeable use and abuse. The Commission can also determine, for certain electronic devices, that it is not technologically feasible for them to comply immediately with the lead limits and shall establish a schedule by which such devices shall be in full compliance unless the Commission determines that full compliance will not be technologically feasible for such devices within a schedule set by the Commission. The Commission also, under section 101 (b)(1) of the CPSIA may exclude a specific product or material that exceeds the lead limits if the Commission determines on the basis of the best available, objective, peer-reviewed, scientific evidence that lead in such product or material will neither: (1) Result in the absorption of any lead into the human body, taking into account normal and reasonably foreseeable use and abuse of such product by a child, including swallowing, mouthing, breaking, or other children's activities, and the aging of the product; nor (2) have any other adverse impact on public health or safety.
On March 11, 2009, the Commission issued a final rule on procedures and requirements for seeking, inter alia, an exclusion under section 101(b)(1) of the CPSIA for materials and products that exceed the lead content limits. 74 FR 10475. The final rule set forth: (1) That a request for exclusion must be accompanied by evidence that will meet the statutory test for the exclusion outlined above; and (2) that the Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction ("EXHR") staff would evaluate the evidence and provide a scientific recommendation to the Commission as to whether the party submitting the request had met this statutory test.
The Bicycle Product Suppliers Association ("BPSA") filed a petition to exclude a class of materials for certain parts of bicycles, jogger strollers, and bicycle trailers intended for children ages 12 and younger under section 101(b)(1) of the CPSIA. The petition was submitted prior to March 11, 2009, the date of the issuance of the final rule on procedures or requirements for seeking an exclusion under section 101(b)(1) of the CPSIA. The Commission has decided to treat this petition as a request for exclusion under these procedures. The petitioners sought exclusion for components made with metal alloys, including steel containing up to 0.35 percent lead, aluminum with up to 0.4 percent lead, and copper with up to 4 percent lead. Specified components include, but are not limited to: Tire valve stems, spoke nipples, brake levers, and brake lever bushings.
The petitioners submitted an exposure study, extrapolated from the "best-available existing data" based on an analysis of the lead in metal jewelry (for an aluminum and a brass alloy) and a faucet (for a brass alloy). This study concluded "estimated lead intakes from bicycle and related product components are well below background intakes of lead from food and water, and * * * such intake will not result in a measurable impact on blood lead levels in children * * * ." Exposure Evaluation of Manufactured Components in Consideration for Exclusion from the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA), Gradient Corporation (January 26, 2009).
The petitioners also asserted that steel, aluminum, and copper alloys containing lead are necessary for the functional purpose of the equipment and replacement-part components. For support, they point to the European Union's End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) Directive exemptions for lead in steel, aluminum and copper alloys ([Ouml]ko-Institut e.V., Final Report: Adaptation to Scientific and Technical Progress of Annex II, Directive 2000/53/EC, Sec. Sec. 4.2, 4.4, and 4.5, (Jan. 16, 2008)), and the Restriction of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) Directive (EU Directive 2002/95/EC, January 27, 2003), which are based on the contribution of lead to the machinability, strength and corrosion resistance, and the availability (or lack thereof) of substitute materials that do not contain lead.
The Commission denied the petitioners' request for exclusion under section 101(b)(1) of the CPSIA. However, for the reasons discussed below, the Commission has decided to issue a temporary stay of enforcement.
The petitioners provided data suggesting that the components in children's bicycles and related products contain lead in amounts not greater than those permitted under the RoHS and ELV Directives. As noted earlier in Part I of this document, the petition was filed before the Commission issued its final rule on procedures and requirements, and therefore, before the petitioners knew how the Commission would interpret the language in section 101(b)(1) of the CPSIA. Thus, they presented information that the lead exposure from their components would neither result in any measurable increase in blood lead level (a conclusion that the Commission has since determined is not dispositive of the absorption analysis in section 101(b)(1), although certainly important to scientists considering the risk of lead exposure), nor have any adverse impact on public health and safety. The exposure study was not based on actual measurements or analysis of the component parts of children's bicycles and related products and the materials may or may not be sufficiently similar to the bicycle component parts to serve as a reasonable basis for the evaluation. Children riding these bicycles and related products will touch the brake levers, and may also touch the tire valve stem and with other component parts. The petitioners' study did conclude that some lead would be ingested by a child who touched component parts containing lead in the amount the report determined to be comparable to a child handling a bicycle's brake levers and valve stems. The Commission staff has looked at this modeling data and has stated that if ingestion of lead occurs, some portion of the ingested lead will be absorbed into the body, however small the absorbed amount. Because the petitioners' study indicated that children's use of a bicycle or related products could result in intake of lead,and therefore absorption, the petition did not meet the statutory requirement for exclusion set out in section 101(b)(1)(A) of the CPSIA.
The petitioners also analogized their situation to the technological feasibility criterion in the electronics device exclusion for their reliance on the ELV and RoHS exemptions for certain metal alloys and components. However, no such criterion is specified in section 101(b). The ELV and the RoHS Directives are focused on reducing hazardous waste in landfills and encouraging recycling of these hazardous waste products and thus have quite different purposes than the lead provisions of the CPSIA, which focus on protecting children from exposure to lead through contact with it in children's products. Nevertheless, the Commission recognizes that, unless it takes some action with regard to the information provided by the petitioners, the riders of these bicycles--children 12 and younger--could likely face a more serious and immediate risk of injury or death. Therefore, the Commission is today announcing a time-limited stay of enforcement with regard to certain components of children's bicycles and related products.
The petitioners allege, and the Commission believes it could bear out, that if any period of time passes in which youth bicycles are not available for sale, some parents would allow their children to ride adult bicycles. The Commission recognizes that correctly sizing the bicycle to the rider is an important safety consideration and includes this recommendation in its bicycle safety messages. Children who cannot comfortably reach the pedals or who have to use the more complicated braking and gear shift mechanisms found on adult bicycles are at greater risk of injury than children riding properly sized and equipped bicycles. In a comprehensive study of bicycle riding done by the Commission staff in the early 1990s, several reasons were cited for the higher rates of injury among child riders. The primary reasons were cognitive and physical immaturity. The study also found that one of the factors in children's injuries was "riding the wrong size bicycle."
This safety dilemma applies equally to bicycles that have already been made and are in inventory with dealers or have already been sold and are in the hands of resellers or consumers. If parents with children aged 12 and younger are unable to buy youth-sized bicycles (whether new or used) they may very well choose to allow their children to ride adult bicycles. Bicycles need periodic maintenance and repair. An inability to obtain certain replacement parts could lead to these bicycles becoming inoperable, or being ridden with worn parts. If no substitute parts are available, this would similarly lead to some parents consenting to their children riding adult bicycles before they are physically and mentally capable of safely operating them. While it might be possible to change out some of the non-complying components on existing bicycles, for many of the components that is simply not an option. Thus replacement parts that have the same amount of lead content (or less) as the original part are included in our enforcement stay.
The petitioners allege that a certain amount of lead is needed in some component parts of their vehicles for machinability, strength, corrosion resistance and functionality. The petitioners point to the ELV Directive for their support of this contention. However, the ELV Directive's exemption for steel for machining purposes containing up to 0.35% lead by weight seems to rest more on the easier machining properties of leaded steel than on safety considerations. The ELV report deals with leaded steels versus unleaded steels, rather than an analysis of how much lead is actually needed for any particular application. Galvanized steel does, according to the report, have advantages in corrosion resistance, which could have safety implications. The exemption for aluminum for machining purposes with a lead content up to 0.4% by weight was granted due to its higher resistance to corrosion and to the extent it is used in brake systems and perhaps certain other applications, such an exemption would appear to be safety related. The granting of the exemption for copper alloy containing up to 4% lead by weight, like steel for machining purposes, appears to be chiefly because the lead makes the copper more easily machinable. The ELV report noted that the presence of lead did not significantly affect the strength or corrosion resistance of the copper alloy. The petitioners do state that the enhanced machinability of copper alloys "permits the creation of deep grooves in threaded parts such as valve stems that are needed to ensure secure cap and air valve fitment for safety reasons." See Petition for Temporary Final Rule to Exclude a Class of Materials Under Section 101(b) of the Consumer product Safety Improvement Act, dated January 28, 2009, at 11. For the last ELV review, the copper industry was asked to indicate the applications in which the unavoidable use of lead had safety implications, but their response had not been received at the time the report was written. Thus the report's conclusion on copper alloys was that they were not able to carry out an in-depth evaluation based on the information that was made available to them and that the exemption should continue until a full assessment is carried out.
Another argument advanced by the petitioners and also supported by the ELV report is that, for certain alloys, no acceptable substitutes exist or if they exist, they do not exist in sufficient quantities to satisfy the global requirements. In addition, at a public meeting with the BPSA held on March 11, 2009, petitioners claimed that new bicycles "still need to rely on recycled materials for frame, brake levers, associated components, etc." and that, "recycling that material allows for an uncontrollable potential for trace amounts of lead greater than the CPSIA limits, especially as the limits step down to 300 parts per million." See Statement of John Nedeau, President, BPSA, at the March 11, 2009, Public Meeting on Bicycles. The meeting is available for viewing at
The Commission staff had very little time to assess these issues independently. Therefore, the ELV report's analysis, which was strictly limited to the technological feasibility of a substitute for lead and not on the higher cost of a viable substitute, is instructive. The ELV report found, for example, that there was as yet no technologically feasible way to remove lead from aluminum. To the extent that these alloys are required for safety reasons related to functionality, greater durability, or corrosion resistance, removing the lead from those alloys could result in a bicycle that is more prone to structural breakage, premature brake failure, or other defects that could present a risk of injury that should be evaluated to ensure such substitutions do not result in unintended or unforeseen defects. For example, failure of a less durable brake lever may result in an inability to stop or control a bicycle and could result in an injury to the child operating the bicycle. In contrast, Congress has eliminated the risk analysis associated with the absorption of lead. Yet, while we acknowledge that there are adverse health effects associated with lead poisoning or elevated blood lead levels, we also must acknowledge that, there may be a greater risk of injury to children if the removal of lead from these components results in structural weakness or other defects, such as brake or frame failure, which can cause the rider to lose control of the bicycle and/or crash which are more significant than any risks associated with the possible absorption of lead. To the extent jogger strollers and bicycle trailers designed or intended primarily for children 12 years of age or younger contain components made with the same metal alloys needed for durability and corrosion resistance, the failure of these components would present similar risks of injury to the children riding in them as would a component failure in a bicycle. In such circumstances, enforcement discretion is the only means for the Commission to protect children.
The petitioners did not address what level of lead is necessary for their various components to meet acceptable functionality, durability and corrosion criteria. The industry, at the March 11, 2009 public meeting indicated that in terms of the uncontrollable variability of the lead content in the metal alloys they buy, "the ongoing challenge is the variability in the recycled materials and the upcoming 300 ppm standard" in August of this year. "We're concerned that even though we specify this and even though we check for it, inevitably some of it may get through." Comments of Bob Burns and John Nedeau, March 11, 2009, Public Meeting on Bicycles.
The petitioners appeared to be in various stages of attempting to comply with the lead limits. They stated at the March 11, 2009 public meeting that they have been working diligently to remove, substitute or make essential lead-containing components inaccessible. Comments of John Nedeau, March 11, 2009, Public Meeting on Bicycles. For example, they discussed changes in the design of the tire valve by extending the rubber on the stem further up towards the brass valve and placing the cap on the stem securely. Bob Burns stated that such changes would result in the stem/cap combination passing the use and abuse torque test. In addition, they have been working on the exterior portion of the brass valve to contain less than 300 ppm lead. However, issues still remained with the accessible inner portion on the valve, or the valve core, the machinability of which is critical for air retention. Despite industry attempts, they have not yet been able to source a valve core that is below the 600 or 300 parts per million standard. Comments of Bob Burns, March 11, 2009, Public Meeting on Bicycles. The industry also stated that bicycles are different from ATVs and that there is a high-end industry and a low-end industry. According to Bob Burns, lower-priced, heavier bicycles are more likely to have recycled or less refined materials and it may not be possible to use virgin alloys. Although he indicated that higher end bicycle manufacturers may be able to source compliant metals, he questioned whether sourcing compliant metals would be competitively feasible in the lower price markets. Id.
In carrying out its responsibilities to protect the public, the Commission must consider the more immediate safety issue that needs to be addressed and that is presented by requiring the immediate change in construction materials for bicycles that would be needed to comply with the CPSIA. The Commission currently lacks the information it needs to make a thorough assessment of this industry's state of compliance with the lead limits. The industry needs more time to gather this information, taking into account their on-going work in this area, and the Commission needs time to review that information. To afford the manufacturers an appropriate amount of time to continue the testing they are already doing and to conduct any research and development necessary to bring component parts into compliance with the CPSIA and to identify any parts that are either technologically infeasible to bring into compliance during the stay period or identify those where such compliance, while technologically feasible, would expose children to other and greater safety risks, the stay will remain in effect until July 1, 2011. The stay of enforcement here is issued with the expectation that manufacturers will not simply rely on the continued stay of enforcement for a particular metal alloy, but will explore other ways in which to comply with the lead limits before the stay expires on July 1, 2011.
III. The Stay
The United States Consumer Product Safety Commission hereby stays enforcement of section 101(a) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 ("CPSIA") and related provisions with respect to certain parts of bicycles, jogger strollers, and bicycle trailers designed or intended primarily for children 12 years of age or younger, until July 1, 2011, upon the following conditions:
A. The stay shall apply to bicycles, jogger strollers, and bicycle trailers ("Bicycles and Related Products") that were manufactured before February 10, 2009, and to Bicycles and Related Products made on or after that date through June 30, 2011. The stay with regard to Bicycles and Related Products made during this time period shall remain in effect for the life of those products.
B. The stay shall apply only to the following types of original equipment parts for Bicycles and Related Products: Components made with metal alloys, including steel containing up to 0.35 percent lead, aluminum with up to 0.4 percent lead, and copper with up to 4.0 percent lead.
C. The stay shall also apply to any metal part sold separately as a replacement for one of the parts described above, provided that the lead content in the replacement part is less than or equal to the lead content in the part originally installed on the Bicycles and Related Products.
D. Each manufacturer (which can include a distributor where appropriate) who is covered by the stay shall file with the Secretary of the Commission, not later than 60 days after the publication of this stay in the Federal Register, a report identifying each model of Bicycle or Related Product it has produced between May 1, 2008 and May 1, 2009. For each such model, the manufacturer shall give the production volume by calendar month and shall list each component part that is made of metal and that is accessible to children, the material specification for each part, and a measurement of the lead content of representative samples of each part in parts per million(ppm). The lead content measurement may be by x-ray fluorescence or the method posted on the Commission web site to test for lead in metal for certification purposes.
E. No later than December 31, 2009, each manufacturer covered by the stay shall present a comprehensive plan to the Commission describing how and when it intends to reduce the lead exposure from each part described in paragraph D above whose measured lead content exceeds 300 parts per million. The manufacturer should include a discussion of any adverse safety impacts that could result from accelerating the estimated schedule. If some Bicycles or Related Products have been modified after January 28, 2009, to reduce the lead content of certain parts or to make certain parts inaccessible, the manufacturer should outline those changes in general terms and the dates such changes were made.
F. Manufacturers who have timely submitted both the report in paragraph D and the plan in paragraph E above, who need additional time to complete their plan prior to the expiration of the stay may seek an extension of the stay. They shall, no later than December 31, 2010, file a request with the Secretary of the Commission for an extension containing a revised timetable for the reduction of lead exposure from those parts. The report shall detail the manufacturer's progress in reducing children's exposure to lead from each part containing more than 300 ppm, specifying what actions have been taken with regard to each affected part. The report will also explain why any parts that remain above 300 ppm have not been able to be made inaccessible, substituted with another material, or made with a complying level of lead.
G. Any report submitted under paragraph F shall also identify the Bicycles and Related Products by model that the manufacturer intends to produce on or after July 1, 2011. The manufacturer shall provide a listing of each component part that is expected to be used in the production if its lead content is expected to exceed 100 ppm and will be accessible to children. For each such part the manufacturer shall explain why it is not feasible to make the part inaccessible or why it is not technologically feasible to reduce the lead content to 100 ppm or lower.
H. While the stay is in effect for particular Bicycles and Related Products, the Office of Compliance shall not prosecute any person for any violation of laws administered by the Commission based on the lead content of any part of, or replacement part for, those Bicycles and Related Products to which the stay applies, including provisions relating to certification of compliance, reporting of noncompliances, or the sale, offering for sale, importation, or exportation.
I. While the stay is in effect for particular Bicycles and Related Products, the Commission will not refuse admission into the United States of such Bicycles and Related Products based on the lead content of any part of such Bicycles and Related Products to which the stay applies or any replacement part for such Bicycles and Related Products as described in paragraph C.
J. This stay does not apply to Bicycles and Related Products that are stockpiled by the manufacturer, as that term is defined by 15 U.S.C. 2058(g)(2), and stockpiling is strictly prohibited.
K. The Commission hereby delegates to the Assistant Executive Director, Office of Compliance and Field Operations, authority to implement the stay of enforcement as specified here and the authority to modify provisions in individual cases where necessary due to unique or unforeseen circumstances.
The stay in no way limits the Commission's ability to take action with regard to Bicycles and Related Products for other safety-related issues including, but not limited to, failure to comply with the ban on lead-containing paint.
Dated: June 25, 2009. Todd A. Stevenson, Secretary, Consumer Product Safety Commission. [FR Doc. E9-15449 Filed 6-29-09; 8:45 am]
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Stratus to sell Austin City Limits theater, W Hotel
by: Colin Pope, Austin Business Journal
Willie Nelson performs during the Austin City Limits Hall of Fame show on Saturday night April 26, 2014. Nelson, who will celebrate his 81st birthday next week by receiving his fifth-degree black belt in martial arts, was the first Austin City Limits performer in 1974 on what is now the longest-running television music program in […]
AUSTIN (Austin Business Journal) — Stratus Properties Inc. announced Dec. 9 that it has agreed to sell the site of the W Austin Hotel and Austin City Limits theater to a Nashville company.
Ryman Hospitality Properties Inc. will pay $275 million, according to the announcement. That includes Ryman's assumption of about $142 million of mortgage debt. The remainder of the purchase price will be paid in cash.
The site is known in Austin circles as Block 21. The hotel has 251 rooms and is home to Austin City Limits Live at the Moody Theater, a 2,750-seat entertainment venue that serves as the location for the filming of the Austin City Limits television series. Block 21 also includes class A office space, spots for retailers and the 3TEN at ACL Live entertainment venue and business.
To read the full article, visit Austin Business Journal.
by Kaitlyn Karmout / Jan 29, 2020
PFLUGERVILLE, Texas (KXAN) — Pflugerville approved a rezoning request Tuesday for 93.5 acres of land to build a 3.8 million-square-foot distribution center, which could possibly be home to Amazon.
Neighbors who live near there in the Boh's Place neighborhood organized a petition to stop the rezoning and spoke out against the plans at Tuesday night's meeting. Council approved it in a 6-1 vote.
Austin Resource Recovery apologizes after thousands of customers receive mistaken notifications
by Hayden Baggett / Jan 28, 2020
AUSTIN (KXAN) — Austin Resource Recovery (ARR) is apologizing for accidentally sending 6,000 customers postcards with incorrect brush-collection dates.
ARR provides Austin with several services intended to keep the community clean, such as curbside collection of recycling, yard trimmings, large brush and bulk items.
UT has another record year for sports revenue, according to report
by Will Anderson, Austin Business Journal / Jan 27, 2020
AUSTIN (Austin Business Journal) — University of Texas athletics generated a record $223.9 million in revenue during its 2018-19 fiscal year.
That's according to information obtained by the Austin American-Statesman through a records request.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"Quiet, friendly little street in the township of Owen."
This street is very quiet, with neighbors so welcoming and friendly and is so wonderful to live in.
What is the internet like in Owen? What speeds are available?


This could be a dream come true video for a lot of people who love exploring far off places. Mitsubishi Delica enters a beautiful desert where there is no risk of any sort. The crew of drivers make the most of the day by testing the car at its best. The creamy color of the desert presents a blissful sight that is pleasing to the eyes. Not a lot of driver get to enjoy such a ride but the crew surely gave in their best to get there and record their lifetime experience. The car is not delicate as the name suggests, but it does packs inside a lot of strength and power.


Trewarveneth Artists Stay After School.
Artists at Trewarveneth Studios, run by the Borlase Smart John Wells Trust who also own Porthmeor Studios in St Ives, are coming together to present a group show. The show named 'After School' , which refers to the building's original incarnation as Trewarveneth Infants School, will see a mix of new and existing work from the artists adorn the walls of the building for three days at the beginning of April.
The six exhibiting artists are Rose Hilton, Richard Cook, Kate Walters, Virginia Bounds, Ilker Cinarel and Stacey Guthrie. The show will provide a snapshot of what is happening in one of the most prestigious studios in Cornwall and visitors can expect to see a wide range of subject matter and techniques reflected in the wall-based works.
Renowned artist Rose Hilton who was recently made an Honorary Academician for the Royal West Academy is known for work with rich use of colour in a post-impressionistic style. In her career, which has spanned over six decades, Rose has had a solo exhibition at Newlyn Gallery and a solo retrospective at Tate St Ives.
Kate Walters, whose recent group show 'Drawing Down the Feminine' is embarking on a tour of the UK and who has had solo shows at Millennium Gallery and Newlyn Art Gallery, uses dreams and encounters with animals 'in ordinary reality and non-ordinary reality' in order to become a 'gatherer of the archaic' and an 'explorer of what is hidden'. Kate's work was used for the album cover of Marc Almond's album 'The Velvet Trail' in 2015.
Virginia Bounds, who works from Anchor Studio – built by Stanhope Forbes in the 1880's, recently received major funding from the Arts Council to embark on an eighteen month long programme of professional development. The enabled the making of new work created in response to the landscape and evocative plantings of the gardens at Tremenheere Sculpture Park which was shown in a solo exhibition at the park's gallery.
Ilker Cinarel, who has exhibited internationally, with solos shows in London and Istanbul was the winner of Inland Art Festival 2014 People's Choice Award. He works in many mediums, including painting, drawing, performance, sculpture and film to explore his inner feelings of growing up in a patriarchal Turkish family. Questioning the politics that surround the family, through the indescribably personal prism of his own childhood tensions where hyper-macho pop culture spilled over into reality.
Stacey Guthrie, winner of the British Women Artists Prize 2013 and selected for Bloomberg New Contemporaries 2014 is better known for her video and moving image work but has recently added painting to her practice. She will be showing new paintings, exploring the domestic experiences of women. These darkly humorous paintings reflect her surreal videos as she examines the cumulative effect of housework over time.
The exhibition runs from 1st - 3rd April and is open from 10am – 4pm. There is an opening event on 31st March from 6pm – 9pm where visitors can come and meet the artists and have a drink. Trewarveneth Studios is located at the top of Trewarveneth Street in Newlyn. On-street parking is available nearby.
that we can communicate with each other.


It's finally time to address the unfortunate passing of one of our favorite characters in recent memory, and Dan & Faiz are up for the task! We discuss Ex-Aid episodes 11, 12, & 13, as well as some of the recently revealed Legend Rider gashats. We'll also delve into your feelings about character deaths in Kamen Rider. Plus, things may sound JUST a little different. We hope you like it!
Faiz & Dan are all recovered from last week's Bugster outbreak and full of energy to talk some Ex-Aid! In the news, we have a gay ship SORT of confirmed, Kiriya's actor has a message for his fans, and you can write fan-mail to Kuroto Dan! In episodes 8, 9, & 10 of Ex-Aid, we get our last level 3 and then jump straight to level 5. We also might take our love of the Dan/Parad ship too far? You decide! In listener feedback, we rank the level 3 forms.


This article is about the Altar in the Jungle Temple. For Corruption and Crimson Altars, see Altar.
The Lihzahrd Altar is found naturally placed in the final chamber of the Jungle Temple, and is used with a Lihzahrd Power Cell to summon the Golem boss. Each summoning consumes one Power Cell from the player's inventory.
Like Lihzahrd Bricks, the Altar can only be removed with a Picksaw, Laser Drill , or Luminite Pickaxe . Once picked up, the Altar can be placed anywhere and used to summon the Golem in any area, as long as Plantera has been defeated in the current world.
Using the Altar with a Lihzahrd Power Cell in your inventory will automatically consume it. The Power Cell does not need to be held in order to click the Altar.
After Plantera has been defeated, the Lihzahrd Bricks under the Altar can be disabled with Actuators, allowing players to move the Altar before defeating Golem or obtaining the Picksaw.
The Altar may also spawn on top of Wooden Spikes, which can be mined before acquiring the Picksaw, making it possible for the Altar to be moved early.
The Golem can no longer be summoned from the Altar until Plantera is defeated.
The game will now verify there is a Lihzahrd Altar at the end of world generation. This should hopefully fix the bug with there sometimes being none.
Desktop 1.2.0.3: No longer can be mined by using the hammer on the blocks beneath it.
No longer mineable with Chlorophyte gear.
The Lihzahrd Altar should now spawn and use Power Cells properly.
Console 1.02: Introduced, unmineable with Chlorophyte gear.
This page was last edited on 26 January 2019, at 11:47.


text:
Senate Republicans propose plan to pay for payroll tax cut
CNN's Ted Barrett Kate Bolduan
Washington (CNN) – In an effort to offset the cost of extending the current payroll tax cut for one year, Senate Republicans on Wednesday proposed freezing federal salaries, reducing the federal work force and keeping millionaires from getting food stamps and unemployment benefits.
The proposal would raise the $120 billion to cover the payroll tax and would bring in an additional $111 billion Republicans say would be used to pay down the nation's debt.
Details of the GOP plan came a day after party leaders first publicly embraced continuing the tax break, which many complained was not successful in stimulating the economy.
"It's important to underscore, however, that the only reason we're even talking about extending a temporary cut in the payroll tax is because President Obama's economic policies have failed working Americans," Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Kentucky, said in a statement.
Democrats want a broader payroll tax cut than Republicans and want to pay for it with a surtax on millionaires.
Democrats reacted warily to the GOP plan but did not reject it outright. One senior Democratic aide told CNN said there is "skepticism" among Democrats because Republicans want to "cherry pick" items discussed in the context of a broader deficit-reduction agreement by the so-called super committee. The aide said Democrats might be flexible on how the costs are offset if Republicans show similar flexibility in expanding the tax break.
In a statement, a spokesman for Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nevada, said Democrats are "glad" Republicans now want to extend the tax break.
"The Republican proposal cannot pass the Senate as it stands, but now that Republicans have reversed their position on the middle-class tax cut, we look forward to working with them to negotiate a consensus solution," spokesman Adam Jentleson said.
Republican aides said their plan – which drew on ideas from President Barack Obama's deficit commission – would impose a three-year freeze on federal salaries and reduce the size of the federal work force by 10% by not replacing workers when they quit or retire.
In addition, in an apparent counter to criticism from Obama and other Democrats that Republicans protect millionaires, the GOP plan would require high-income Americans earning $750,000 or more to pay higher premiums for Medicare and would prevent millionaires from getting food stamps or unemployment compensation. A Republican aide cited the Congressional Budget Office as determining that these three items would raise about $9 billion over 10 years, most of it from the means-testing of Medicare.
However, "several hundred million dollars" would come from banning food stamps and unemployment compensation. The aide explained there are examples of high earners losing their jobs and then filing for and getting these benefits.
The Republican plan also includes a provision called the Buffett Rule Act – named for investor Warren Buffett, who recently complained his secretary pays taxes at a higher rate than he does.
The provision would allow taxpayers "who feel they are not taxed enough to voluntarily donate any amount of money to the U.S. Treasury on their tax returns for the purpose of paying down the national debt," according to a Republican summary of their proposal.
The Republican payroll tax plan is narrower than the one Democrats are pushing. Republicans would extend the current law, which reduced the 6.2% payroll tax for individuals to 4.2%. Democrats want to lower the tax to 3.1% and extend it partially to employers.
The Republican plan would mean an average middle-class family would get up to about $1,000 more next year; the Democrats' plan means they would get up to an extra $1,500.
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Filed under: Congress • Republicans • Senate • Taxes
otermbachmann
What the fudge is this? Are they all high? No way is that their idea, or even read the bill. Wow.
November 30, 2011 10:11 pm at 10:11 pm |
T'sah from Virginia
►Senate Republicans on Wednesday proposed freezing federal salaries, reducing the federal work force and keeping millionaires from getting food stamps and unemployment benefits.◄
Wait a minute – wait a minute!!! Millionaires get FOOD STAMP????? And the candidates on the RIGHT made it seem as if the people collecting FOOD STAMPS were the scum of the earth!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I declare WAR!!!
►"It's important to underscore, however, that the only reason we're even talking about extending a temporary cut in the payroll tax is because President Obama's economic policies have failed working Americans," Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Kentucky, said◄
McConnell – WHAT??? That's the BEST reason you can come up with? I thought you guys were FOR Tax Cuts!!! Okay McConnell – let's talk about the reasons why you're keeping the TAX BREAKS for the rich in place??? It's Obama's fault? If so, then why are you having CRAMPS because you have to extend the payroll tax and not even concerned about the TAX BREAKS??? Jeez!!
Obama 2012
Did the Republicans recommend a pay cut for themselves? Did they agree to cut back the number of people on their staffs? Did they commit to less expensive health insurance? Shall we demand that the Congress do what they ask us all to do – live on less money but do more work? They should think about giving back some of their pay as well.
Their remarks about millionaires reflect the lack of consideration they give to those who need help right now. They know that those in the highest brackets could afford a tax increase. No one is asking them to give up all their money. Perhaps some at the top of the charts would be more comfortable taking a pay cut or giving a large sum of money to charities without taking a tax write-off..
Lini
"keeping millionaires from getting food stamps and unemployment benefits". You have got to be kidding me. Republicans, this is laughable. These guys are acting like a bunch of kids. Partisan Politics is slowly destroying this country.
I dont think that they should allow them but instead make rich people pay higher taxes than the poor people i like how the republicans are actually taking their time to consider something for once but still have a ways to go but even the dems arent perfect i think the one that helps the poor the most should be the one they pick
ithink122
Ignoring the savings from millionaires not being allowed to apply for food stamps or unemployment, which I'd love to hear the logic behind why they were allowed to do that in the first place, the Republicans are suggesting a tax break to help the middle and lower class be paid for by...you guessed it, the middle and lower class. Those government workers who will see their pay frozen for 3 years, while cost of living and inflation continue to rise, certainly aren't upper class. They are middle and lower class people just like you and me.
Almost half the money they save from these cuts won't even be going towards the credit, just paying down the defecit. All this is is another way for the Republicans to balance the budget on the backs of the middle and lower class. The extension of the payroll tax cut is just a bone they thought to throw the dems.
Why do the Republican and Tea Party ground troops continue to ignore the fact that lower taxes and tax breaks for the rich simply did not produce jobs in the past 10 years. That being the case, we will pay for all economy helping and deficit reduction measures by increasing these taxes until they are at least at their Clinton era levels, including removing subsidies and loopholes.
I think that the rich should be taked more than the poor as for whos policy is better i really dont know but whichever on brings more cash to help this country and the poor and middle class should be the one they pick
ThinkAgain
Reducing the federal workforce will increase unemployment and put further strain on social services and society at large. But then again, that's the Republican strategy, right? Make things as bad as possible for Americans, then blame President Obama, because historically, presidents have a harder time getting re-elected when the economy is down. Lord knows the Republicans don't have a record of accomplishments to run on, so they are resorting to harming us to regain power.
Pretty pathetic!
We should follow Germany's example. (You remember Germany, right? The only European country that isn't tanking?) Instead of laying off public sector employees, they cut back on hours until the economy improved.
This is very similar to what a lot of private sector companies do: By having pay cuts instead of lay offs, there is less disruption in the lives of their employees, while preserving the trained workforce that contributes to the success of the company.
But will the Repubs ever go for this? No way – their strategy is to make things as bad as possible and then blame President Obama.
Treason, in my book.
sgurdog
Republicans should start by freezing their own salaries, and in fact, cutting them. I would also suggest they begin cutting their staff because of the lack of action on the part of their bosses. They have NO plan and will do anything to distract from the fact that they're standing up for millionaires and billionaires, not joe the plumber.
excfo
Way to go Republicans! I wonder who cranked up their bogus savings numbers from their latest scenario, whereby persons making over $750K would no longer be eligible for food stamps or unemployment compensation. How many citizens do you think fall into that category – 20 – 40 – maybe even 100? Food stamps cost maybe $20/week per recipient, and unemployment comp is usually less than $200 per week. What a sacrifice on the part of the GOP!!
You have got to be kidding me!!! Millionaires getting food stamps!!! What? They got several 100,000 dependents? That's what is wrong with the system, so much freaking fraud. "However, "several hundred million dollars" would come from banning food stamps and unemployment compensation." They should not be getting food stamps any way.
BTW: I have never filed to claim food stamps, but I have filed a few times over the years for unemployment compensation. If the GOP has identified persons who make over $750K per year, who have filed for and received either unemployment benefits or food stamps, those individuals should be prosecuted for criminal fraud and severely fined. That could raise a lot more money than the plan they have proposed. Persons in this category would not qualify for benefits unless they lied in filling out the applications.
Republican who supports President Obama
These GOPers just do not know when to quit this crap. Cut defense and raise taxes on the rich!
The repubs are still trying to protect the wealthy!!
Rob in MO
Preventing millionaires from getting food stamps or unemployment insurance will save zero dollars. This is a republican fantasy. Now, preventing millionaires from getting tax subsidies would save billions of $$$$.
Dan in Minnesota
Once again, leave it to the buffoons in the Republican Party to sacrifice any resemblance of common sense at the altar of their new messiah- Grover Norquist. The Buffett Rule Act? Asking millionaires and billionaires to voluntarily pay more taxes becuase their secretaries are paying a higher rate then them? I guess that'll happen when pigs like Limbaugh and the Koch brothers fly. Seriously the party of Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt. and yes, Ronald Reagan has become functionally retarded if they think that the middle class is going to continue to buy this crap. Well, maybe not, given the number of mouth breathers who listen to Limbaugh, Hannity and Beck. As you can probably tell by now, I am not registered as a Republican, but could go so far as to vote for someone who seems to have just a shred of common sense such as Huntsman, who by the way, refused to sign King Norquist's precious pledge. But his chances of winning the nomination are about the same as... well, look at my previous remarks about Limbaugh flying.
December 1, 2011 12:17 am at 12:17 am |
johnborg
Q: Why are millionaires getting food stamps anyway? My family has an income of "0" due to terrible work-related physical disabilities and they get $90 a month for 4 people. Ridiculous.
unretired05
What a GOP way to fix the economy. They campaigned on jobs,jobs, jobs! Jobs are our #1 priority!
Little did we realize that their plan was to destroy jobs, freeze wages, and starve the poor. The real family values candidates, professing Christians that worship corporate profits at the expense of the citizenry.
Not letting millionaires get food stamps and unemployment? What's happening to the Repub's taxpayer financed subsidy plans for the super rich?
anthony78
that the only reason we're even talking about extending a temporary cut in the payroll tax is because President Obama's economic policies have failed working Americans" said Mitch McConnell.
So would the same rule apply in saying President Obama's policies have failed because Republicans in congress failed as well?
These guys are desperate. Also...
" would prevent millionaires from getting food stamps or unemployment compensation." ??!??
Ok.. now the (R)s are just taking us for fools. Really? This is how the country is supposed to get back on track? With decision making policies like these?
And to think, some of you try and call Obama a joke. The current batch of Republicans and the people who voted for them are laughable.
logic in LA
What!?!
Republicans want to keep millionaires from getting food stamps? Does anyone else see the irony and illegality of this?
December 1, 2011 02:06 am at 2:06 am |
So Republicans feel its necessary to make cuts to pay for tax breaks for the middle class – but not a peep in the past 10 years about cuts to offset the Bush tax breaks for the rich.
drewood27
So the Republican offer to ask more from the ultra wealthy is to ask them to pay more "if they feel like it".
Gee, what a brilliant plan.
Larry L
They [lan to freeze the pay of federal workers – but not the pay of the Congress. Since when did we declare war on federal workers? Are we now supposed to blame federal workers for the mess the Republicans created during the Bush debacle? Did federal workers start the wars? Did federal workers get in bed with Wall Street? Were federal workers chummy with Enron and Haliburton?
Federal workers do exactly what our government tasked them to do – many dedicate their lives to long and honorable service. Can the Congress say the same thing? How about we pay the Congress what they're worth – absolutely nothing!
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We help you save money while shopping online at Montgomery Ward.com. We offer the best coupons, deals, discount sales and promotional codes for thousands of online stores, including Montgomery Ward and more. Montgomery Ward coupon codes are a great way to save money and to get the discount price for the products you want to buy at Montgomery Ward online store. After you are finished shopping, enter the Montgomery Ward promotional code into the coupon or deal box during the checkout process at Montgomery Ward website.
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A group of 28 Missouri S&T students spent their spring break in New Orleans helping rebuild homes hit by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 as part of the Miner Challenge 2010, an alternative spring break program sponsored by the university's student life department.
(Left to right) Missouri S&T students James Carroll, Jamila McNair, Matt Nickols, Nick Zimmerman, Kierstyn Harvey, homeowner Rose McCaskill and her daughter Nikki McCaskill, and Joni Burch (staff advisor).
The students worked with Rebuilding Together New Orleans, a volunteer service organization that repairs and renovates homes in that city. This is the third year S&T students have participated in an alternative spring break project under the Miner Challenge banner. Two years ago, the team worked with the Western Youth Network Inc. of Boone, N.C., and Habitat for Humanity on a project in Boone. Last year, Miner Challenge students worked with Habitat to build homes in Mobile, Ala., as part of Habitat's Collegiate Challenge.
Read more about the students' experiences and view photos on the Miner Challenge blog at http://minerchallenge.wordpress.com.


I'm excited to share this conversation that I had recently with Robin Kahn, the executive director at FitMoney. FitMoney recently celebrated their one year anniversary and Robin shares the progress that has been made at her non-profit as well as how her business career prepared her for this role. She describes the lessons learned over the past twelve months and the the three core concepts that she integrates into the personal finance curriculum she has developed. Listen to this podcast to learn how an inspiring entrepreneur has developed an innovative approach to delivering financial education to students in the K-12 system. Enjoy!
"What we want to do is to start with needs and wants. Thinking about saving, thinking about budgeting, we teach similar things to a younger audience. Borrowing money from your mother to buy a new toy will become borrowing money to buy a new car. We want to make concepts real but also ones that children can relate to."


text:
2011 Gibson J45 TV Special Order – £2999
Oct 26, 2022 | Gibson
ON HOLD This special order J45 TV is a great example of Gibson's Custom Shop adding a twist to their already loved True Vintage series. Built to the same precision detail as the traditional J45 TV, this example is finished in a particularly vivid Cherry Sunburst - a...
1935 Gibson L00 – £4799
SOLD The L00 is probably Gibson's best know blues guitar, and to find a 30's example is becoming quite difficult. This is one of the best sounding blues guitars I've played, full of character, vibe, and mojo. When you pick the guitar up you soon realise why it's been...
1967 Gibson LG0 – £1299
NEW ARRIVAL Only introduced in 1958, the LG0 is a small bodied, all Mahogany, ladder braced acoustic - like a Mahogany topped LG1. The guitar has a warm, mellow tone, handling fingerstyle playing particularly well, although a brightness comes through when strummed,...
1958 Gibson Country Western – £5799
SOLD 60's Gibson slope shouldered dreadnoughts are fantastic guitars, but the jump to a 50's model is incredible, in fact I could run out of superlatives describing it's sound. So let's just say it's everything you could want from a vintage Gibson, hugely versatile,...
1992 Gibson L-00 1936 Reissue – £2199
NEW ARRIVAL The 1936 L-00 Reissue is one of Gibson's first historic acoustic reissues, and a great example of them trying to capture a moment in history. The L-00 is one of the most iconic blues guitars ever, and by choosing a 1936 model they picked one of the most...
1938 Epiphone Olympic – £1849
Sep 30, 2022 | Gibson
NEW ARRIVAL This guitar is from Epiphone's golden archtop age, when the company was still based in New York before they were bought by Gibson in 1957. 30's and 40's Epiphone archtops have long been considered among the best of their kind, and the Epiphone Olympic is...
2012 Gibson Advanced Jumbo – £2199
Sep 9, 2022 | Gibson
NEW ARRIVAL The Advanced Jumbo is a fine example of why Gibson's reissue series is so important. The AJ was first introduced in the 1930's, and only 300 were made. So very few people will ever have the privilege of playing one. When Gibson reintroduced the model on...
2022 Gibson SG Standard '61 with Maestro Vibrola – £1599
NEW ARRIVAL Gibson introduced the SG '61 Reissue to pay homage to their legendary SG Standard. Originally launched in 1961 as a temporary replacement for the single cutaway Les Paul, the SG soon became popular with rock and blues players who were impressed by its...
SOLD 1934 is the only year Gibson made the L50 in this shape - introduced in 1932 it had a shrunken dreadnought shape with a central sound hole, and by 1935 the body widened and had F holes - the 1934 model has a more traditional L00 style shape with arched top, flat...
1969 Gibson J-160E – £2999
Aug 19, 2022 | Gibson
NEW ARRIVAL Forever associated with the Beatles, the J-160 E is one of the most famous guitars of all time. Interestingly in 1969 the body shape changed from slope shoulder to square shoulder, giving the guitar quite a different look, but still the same recognisable...


text:
Q: Uploading Images error (NodeJs/Formidable) I was using formidable@2.0.1 to upload form that contents image, following a tutorial thou. I got the below.
How to debug this error?

Error: The "path" argument must be of type string or an instance of Buffer or URL. Received undefined

Controller.js
const formidable = require("formidable");
const _ = require("lodash");
const fs = require("fs");
const Project = require("../models/projectModel");

exports.create = (req, res) => {
let form = new formidable.IncomingForm();
form.keepExtensions = true;

form.parse(req, (err, fields, files) => {
if (err) {
  return res.status(400).json({
    error: "Image could not be uploaded",
  });
}
let project = new Project(fields);

if (files.image) {
  project.image.data = fs.readFileSync(files.image.path);

  project.image.contentType = files.image.type;
}

project.save((err, result) => {
  if (err) {
    return res.status(400).json({
      error: errorHandler(error),
    });
  }
  res.json(result);
});
});
};

projectModel.js
const mongoose = require("mongoose");
const { ObjectId } = mongoose.Schema;

const projectSchema = new mongoose.Schema(
 {
title: {
  type: String,
  trim: true,
  require: true,
 },
 category: {
  type: ObjectId,
  ref: "Category",
  required: true,
 },
 image: {
  data: Buffer,
  contentType: String,
 },
},
{
timestamps: true,
}
);

module.exports = mongoose.model("Project", projectSchema);

A: In Controller.js I changed files.image.path to files.image.filepath and also changed files.image.type to files.image.mimetype
Controller.js
const formidable = require("formidable");
const _ = require("lodash");
const fs = require("fs");
const Project = require("../models/projectModel");

exports.create = (req, res) => {
let form = new formidable.IncomingForm();
form.keepExtensions = true;

form.parse(req, (err, fields, files) => {
if (err) {
return res.status(400).json({
error: "Image could not be uploaded",
 });
}
let project = new Project(fields);

if (files.image) {
project.image.data = fs.readFileSync(files.image.filepath);

project.image.contentType = files.image.mimetype;
}

project.save((err, result) => {
if (err) {
return res.status(400).json({
  error: errorHandler(error),
});
}
res.json(result);
 });
});
};

A: use multer npm its works fine
const express = require('express')
const multer  = require('multer')
const upload = multer({ dest: 'uploads/' })

const app = express()

app.post('/profile', upload.single('avatar'), function (req, res, next) {
  // req.file is the `avatar` file
  // req.body will hold the text fields, if there were any
 console.log(req.file, req.body)
})

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Braniewo () – miasto na Warmii w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim, siedziba powiatu braniewskiego. Położone jest na Równinie Warmińskiej, nad rzeką Pasłęką w pobliżu ujścia do Zalewu Wiślanego.

Najstarsze miasto na Warmii i jej pierwsza stolica. Dawniej port morski i miasto hanzeatyckie. W latach 1466–1772 w obrębie Korony Królestwa Polskiego. W latach 1954–1972 miasto było siedzibą władz gromady Braniewo. W latach 1975–1998 miasto administracyjnie należało do województwa elbląskiego.

Pod względem historycznym Braniewo leży zarówno na Warmii biskupiej, jak i na obszarze Warmii plemiennej.

Według danych GUS z 30 czerwca 2021 r., Braniewo liczyło 16 907 mieszkańców i było pod względem liczby ludności trzynastym miastem w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim.

Dane ogólne
Położone na obu brzegach rzeki Pasłęki, w pobliżu ujścia do Zalewu Wiślanego, od XIII wieku do końca XVIII w. morski port handlowy. Do lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku lokalny ośrodek przemysłowy; m.in. przemysł elektrotechniczny, skórzany, spożywczy (browar i mleczarnia). Do 2016 roku Braniewo było jedyną miejscowością na Warmii mogącą się poszczycić własnym ogrodem zoologicznym (zlikwidowanym).

Przemysł w Braniewie składa się głównie z małych firm. Z zakładów produkcyjnych można wymienić miejscowy (wielokrotnie zmieniający właścicieli: EB, Browar Namysłów, Grupa Żywiec, w 2020 znów wystawiony na sprzedaż) browar oraz fabrykę mebli Okmed. Przez miasto przebiega normalnotorowa oraz szerokotorowa linia kolejowa (nr 217), co pozwoliło wybudować w Braniewie terminale przeładunkowe takie jak Polfrost Terminal, Logistic Port Braniewo, Cargosped, Glob-Terminal.

W 2011 roku nieopodal Braniewa rozpoczęto poszukiwanie gazu łupkowego. Od końca marca 2011 do czerwca 2011 roku na zlecenie Talisman Energy 115 pracowników Geofizyki Kraków prowadziło w okolicach Braniewa badania sejsmiczne. W listopadzie 2011 roku między Rogitami a Młotecznem powstał odwiert Rogity-1. Badania geologiczne przeprowadzone w latach 2011–2014 potwierdziły występowanie na głębokości 3 km złóż nie tylko gazu łupkowego, ale również pokładów ropy naftowej. Wyniki badań określono jako "wysoce zachęcające". Planowane kolejne lokalizacje odwiertu Rogity-2 nie doszły do skutku.

Strukturę społeczną miasta charakteryzuje duży udział formacji mundurowych:
 9 Braniewska Brygada Kawalerii Pancernej
 Placówka Straży Granicznej w Braniewie
 Komenda Powiatowa Państwowej Straży Pożarnej w Braniewie
 Oddział Celny w Braniewie
 Posterunek Straży Ochrony Kolei w Braniewie
 Zakład Karny w Braniewie (od 2018 Oddział Zewnętrzny w Braniewie)
W latach 1948–1950 stacjonował tu sztab 3 batalionu Ochrony Pogranicza, a następnie Szkoła Podoficerska Łączności WOP.

W Braniewie funkcjonowało Stado Ogierów Braniewo. W 1994 roku po przekształceniu jako Stado Ogierów Skarbu Państwa Braniewo. Następnie zlikwidowane (zobacz też: stadnina koni w Braniewie).

Toponimia

Podczas lokacji w roku 1254 miastu nadano nazwę Brunsberg (w XIV-wiecznej kronice Piotra z Dusburga zapisane jako Brunsbergk), która z czasem przybrała stałą formę Braunsberg. W języku polskim nazwa została przejęta w formie Brunsberga, rzadziej Brunsberk, a także w spolszczonej postaci Braniewo. W 1882 Wojciech Kętrzyński w swoim dziele "O ludności polskiej w Prusiech niegdyś krzyżackich" podał spolszczona postać Braniewo, która uległa stopniowemu upowszechnianiu w polskim piśmiennictwie i którą to postać przejęła powołana w styczniu 1946 roku Komisja Ustalania Nazw Miejscowych i Obiektów Fizjograficznych i tę nazwę ogłoszono jako oficjalną w Zarządzeniu Ministrów: Administracji Publicznej i Ziem Odzyskanych. Nazwa Braniewo jest obowiązująca od 19 maja 1946.

W średniowiecznym języku niemieckim nazwa ta oznacza "gród Brunona" lub "zamek Brunona". Składa się ona z germańskiego imienia Bruno (które pochodzi od brünne, braun "niedźwiedź, brunatny") oraz z końcówki -berg dosłownie oznaczającej "górę". Możliwe, że pierwotna nazwa miasta posiadała końcówkę -burg "miasto, zamek" (jak w nazwie Fromborka Frauenburg lub Malborka Marienburg) i dopiero z czasem zmieniła się w -berg. Niemniej w średniowiecznej onomastyce niemieckiej używano również końcówki -berg wymiennie z -burg do tworzenia nazw miast. W tym znaczeniu słowo "góra" nabiera poetyckiego lub symbolicznego znaczenia "gród" (jak nazwie Królewca Königsberg). Co ciekawe, na Mapie Świętej Warmii z 1755 roku nazwa miasta występuje w formie Braunsburg.

Według XVIII-wiecznego historyka Johanna Friedricha Goldbecka miasto nazwano tak na cześć Brunona ze Schauenburku, biskupa Ołomuńca na Morawach, który towarzyszył królowi czeskiemu Przemysłowi Ottokarowi II w krucjacie do Prus w latach 1254–1255. Dzięki wsparciu króla czeskiego Zakon krzyżacki zdołał podbić plemiona w Prusach Dolnych i Sambii oraz założyć miasto nazwane na jego cześć Królewcem. Czeska wyprawa do Prus zbiegła się z czasem założenia Braniewa przez pierwszego biskupa warmińskiego Anzelma, który również był członkiem Zakonu krzyżackiego.

Biskup Bruno ze Schauenburku jest także założycielem morawskiego miasta Brušperk, które nosi identyczną niemiecką nazwę Braunsberg.

Według innych historyków nazwa mogła nawiązywać do postaci Brunona z Kwerfurtu, męczennika, który zginął podczas misji do Prus w 1009 roku<ref>Scriptores rerum Prussicarum: die Geschichtsquellen der Preussischen''' ..., pod redakcją Theodor Hirsch, Max Töppen, Ernst Gottfried Wilhelm Strehlke, Lipsk 1861, tom 1, s. 119</ref>. Z kolei według tezy warmińskiego historyka Victora Röhricha nazwa Brusebergue jest zniemczoną wersją – "pruskiego obozu" lub "pruskiej osady". Nazwa z czasem miała by być przekształcona z dotychczasowej Brusebergue na Brunsberg.

 Historia

 Pierwsze miasto Warmii

Na początku XIII wieku wybrzeża Zalewu Wiślanego zamieszkane były przez staropruskie plemię Warmów. W 1210 roku na krótko ziemie te opanował król duński Waldemar II Zwycięski. W roku 1237 do wybrzeży Zalewu Wiślanego dotarli Krzyżacy, którzy prowadzili skutecznie – przy wsparciu również rycerstwa polskiego – podbój Prus. W roku 1239 Krzyżacy podbili plemienną Warmię.

Prawdopodobnie już pod koniec lat 30. rycerze zakonni założyli nad dolną Pasłęką drewniany zamek, który miał kontrolować przeprawę przez rzekę oraz jej niedalekie ujście do Zalewu. Wokół zamku wkrótce powstała osada. Według niektórych badaczy zamek i osada stanęły na miejscu dawnego staropruskiego grodu, jednak hipoteza ta nie znajduje potwierdzenia ani w źródłach pisanych, ani archeologicznych.

Pierwsza osada przyzamkowa powstała około 1240 roku i już w 1242 roku została najechana i zniszczona przez Prusów. W 1243 roku teren wokół miasta wszedł w obręb dominium biskupa warmińskiego, który w tym miejscu postanowił ulokować siedzibę biskupstwa. Jednak w odbudowie przeszkodziło I powstanie pruskie. Po pokonaniu Prusów i zawarciu układu pokojowego przystąpiono około 1250 roku do odbudowy zamku i miasta, przy czym zmieniono lokację na prawy brzeg rzeki.

W roku 1254 pierwszy biskup warmiński Anzelm z Miśni nadał osadzie prawa miejskie na prawie lubeckim. Miastu nadano nazwę Brunsberg, która z czasem przybrała formę Braunsberg.

W 1261 roku gród uległ całkowitemu zniszczeniu w wyniku II powstania pruskiego. W 1274 roku miasto zostało wzniesione ponownie na nowym miejscu (ponownie na lewym brzegu rzeki) i 1 kwietnia 1284 roku otrzymało z rąk biskupa Henryka Fleminga nową lokację ponownie na prawie lubeckim. Po roku 1273 roku został wzniesiony murowany zamek biskupi, następnie rozbudowany pod koniec XIII i w XIV w. (zamek ten został rozebrany w latach 1873–1874 oraz 1928–1930, jedyną jego pozostałością jest wieża bramna z kaplicą św. Andrzeja).

Braniewo jest najstarszym miastem na Warmii. Było też pierwszą siedzibą biskupów warmińskich i siedzibą katedry diecezjalnej oraz funkcjonującej przy katedrze kapituły warmińskiej, można je zatem uznać za pierwszą stolicę Warmii. Jednak już w 1278 roku Henryk Fleming po zniszczeniach pruskich przeniósł stolicę biskupstwa – katedrę i kapitułę – do Fromborka. Natomiast w 1340 roku przeniesiono z Braniewa również siedzibę biskupów, początkowo na krótko do Ornety, a w 1350 roku do Lidzbarka Warmińskiego. Komornictwo braniewskie było jednym z siedmiu komornictw na Warmii podlegającym władzy biskupów warmińskich (pozostałe trzy podlegały władzy kapituły).

Od XIII wieku miasto było ważnym ośrodkiem handlowym oraz jedynym warmińskim portem morskim (dopiero pod koniec XVIII wieku zdegradowanym przez port w Piławie). Od 1358 roku było członkiem Hanzy, co zapewniało mu kupiecką autonomię w granicach warmińskiego dominium biskupiego. Z miast Warmii tylko Braniewo i Frombork były lokowane na prawie lubeckim, co związane było z ich nadmorskim charakterem i przynależnością do Zawiązku Hanzeatyckiego (pozostałe miasta Warmii lokowane były na prawie chełmińskim).

W czasie wojen polsko-krzyżackich miasto wystawiało oddziały, które walczyły po stronie krzyżackiej. W bitwie pod Grunwaldem miasto Braniewo wystawiło własną chorągiew (liczącą prawdopodobnie około 200–500 zbrojnych), niezależnie od dwóch pozostałych warmińskich chorągwi – biskupiej i kapitulnej. Chorągiew braniewska znakowała się banderą z dwoma krzyżami, białym i czarnym, co nawiązywało do symboliki hanzeatyckiej.

Ze względu na szybki rozwój miasta, a być może w celu osłabienia rosnącego znaczenie mieszczan, w 1342 roku obok "starej Brunsbergi" biskup Herman z Pragi założył konkurencyjne Nowe Miasto, położone na drugim (prawym) brzegu Pasłęki. Nowe Miasto nie osiągnęło większego znaczenia, a w 1773 roku zostało połączone administracyjnie ze starym miastem.

 W Rzeczypospolitej

W 1454 roku podczas wojny trzynastoletniej Braniewo poparło działania antykrzyżackiego Związku Pruskiego, a mieszczanie częściowo zburzyli zamek biskupi. W 1478 r. podczas wojny popiej miasto było oblegane przez wojsko polskie. W 1520 r. podczas wojny pruskiej miasto zdobyli podstępem Krzyżacy, którzy okupowali je do 1525 r. Przez 3 miesiące Braniewo było oblegane przez wojska polskie. W latach 1466–1772 oba miasta znajdowały się w granicach księstwa warmińskiego, będącego częścią Prus Królewskich Korony Królestwa Polskiego I Rzeczypospolitej.

Od połowy XVI wieku Braniewo stało się jednym z głównych ośrodków kontrreformacji w Polsce. Od 1565 roku miało tu swą siedzibę pierwsze na ziemiach polskich kolegium jezuickie Colegium Hosianum założone przez biskupa Stanisława Hozjusza. Jego zadaniem miało być niesienie misji rekatolicyzacji w Skandynawii i Prusach. Dzięki temu Braniewo stało się znaczącym ośrodkiem szkolnictwa i kultury. Słynne kolegium jezuickie (Collegium Hosianum) powstało w 1565 roku, a następnie seminarium diecezjalne (1567). W 1578 roku jezuici uruchomili seminarium papieskie (alumnat papieski). W 1589 roku powstała prywatna oficyna drukarska, która w 1697 roku wykupiona została przez jezuitów.

Wielokrotnie (aż do 1738 r.) podejmowano starania o utworzenie uniwersytetu (bezowocnie). Spadkobiercą tradycji Hosianum było Liceum Hosianum, działające w Braniewie w latach 1818–1944. W 1780 roku Collegium Hosianum po kasacie jezuitów, przekształcone przez władze pruskie w Gymnasium Academikum, a od 1818 roku w Liceum Hosianum, przemianowane w 1912 roku na Akademię Państwową.

W 1624 roku ludność miasta została zdziesiątkowana przez epidemię dżumy, w latach 1626–1635 ma miejsce okupacja szwedzka, która wyniszczyła miasto gospodarczo i była okresem grabieży dokonywanych przez okupanta. W 1657 roku do Braniewa wkroczyły wojska elektorskie, które zajęły miasto tytułem zabezpieczenia pożyczki zaciągniętej przez Polskę na prowadzenie wojny ze Szwedami, opuściły miasto w 1663 roku. W 1703 roku rozpoczęła się druga, sześcioletnia okupacja szwedzka.

Od XV w. w Braniewie rozwijało się złotnictwo. Do najlepszych artystów warmińskiego baroku należał rzeźbiarz Jan Frey (zm. ok. 1784 r.) oraz malarz Jan Lossau (1712 – po 1788 r.). W czasach wojen szwedzkich miasto, wielokrotnie niszczone i grabione z kosztowności, podupadło.

 Okres pruski

W wyniku pierwszego rozbioru oraz sekularyzacji Warmii w 1772 roku anektowane przez Prusy Braniewo zostało stolicą powiatu w prowincji Prusy Wschodnie (rejencja królewiecka) oraz siedzibą garnizonu. Burzliwie się rozwijało (szkolnictwo, stocznia, drobny przemysł i rzemiosło). Brunsberg i okolice pozostały katolicką wyspą w morzu pruskiego protestantyzmu.

Do końca XVIII w. znajdował się tu port handlowy oraz stocznia (do 1905 r.), w której budowano statki morskie. W 1807 (patrz: bitwa o Braniewo) i 1812 roku miasto było zajmowane przez armię napoleońską. W 1852 roku to tutaj otwarto pierwszą w Prusach linię kolejową na odcinku Braniewo-Kwidzyn. Na początku XIX wieku społeczność żydowska w Braniewie liczyła kilka rodzin. W 1854 roku zbudowano w Braniewie synagogę (przy Fleischerstraße), która istniała do 1938 roku. W latach 80. XIX wieku liczba Żydów wzrosła do 170 osób. Skupili się głównie w Nowym Mieście. Przy Lindenstraße mieścił się dom modlitewny. Cmentarz żydowski zlokalizowany był przy Bahnhofstraße. W 1853 roku honorowe obywatelstwo miasta otrzymał lekarz Jacob Jacobson. W 1887 roku powstała Szkoła Rolnicza, jedna z pierwszych w Prusach Wschodnich, w 1919 roku miasto zostało zelektryfikowane. W chwili wybuchu II wojny światowej liczyło 21 tys. mieszkańców.

W 1932 roku w Braniewie miała siedzibę okręgowa gmina synagogalna.

Podczas Nocy Kryształowej z 9 na 10 listopada 1938 roku spalono synagogę i sprofanowano cmentarz. W 1939 roku w Braniewie mieszkało już tylko 10 Żydów.

 Zdobycie i powrót do Polski

W lutym i marcu 1945 roku wskutek walk Armii Czerwonej z wojskami hitlerowskimi śmierć (likwidacja tzw. kotła braniewskiego) poniosły tysiące cywili, w przeważającej części uchodźców z Prus Wschodnich. Liczyli oni na ewakuację drogą morską z Mierzei Wiślanej, a ponieśli śmierć podczas bombardowania Braniewa oraz skutego lodem Zalewu Wiślanego.

20 marca 1945 roku oddziały 5 Armii Pancernej Gwardii, 48 Armii i 50 Armii 3 Frontu Białoruskiego pod dowództwem marszałka Aleksandra Wasilewskiego przełamały opór wojsk hitlerowskich i zajęły Braniewo (patrz: operacja wschodniopruska). W wyniku walk Braniewo zostało zniszczone (w 85%). Na założonym na zachód od miasta cmentarzu pochowano  żołnierzy Armii Czerwonej, którzy polegli w walkach w rejonie Zalewu Wiślanego, przy zajmowaniu Iławy, Barczewa, Kętrzyna, Reszla, Nidzicy i Szczytna (znajduje się tu 750 zbiorowych mogił i 18 grobów generalicji). Cmentarz Żołnierzy Armii Radzieckiej w Braniewie jest największą w Europie nekropolią pod względem liczby pochowanych żołnierzy Armii Czerwonej. Większość grobów jest bezimienna.

Po II wojnie światowej przywrócono , słowiańską nazwę miasta – Braniewo. Nie odbudowano starego miasta (chociaż było to możliwe), w tym ratusza i słynnego Kamiennego Domu, stawiając w zamian pawilony handlowe z prefabrykatów. Braniewo było najbardziej zniszczonym miastem na Warmii i w województwie, w którym się obecnie znajduje, a także jednym z najbardziej zniszczonych miast Polski w 1945 roku. W latach 1975–1998 miasto było siedzibą urzędu gminy w północno-wschodniej części województwa elbląskiego. Od 1999 roku należy do województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego i jest siedzibą powiatu.

 Demografia
Dane z 31 grudnia 2020 roku.

 Piramida wieku mieszkańców Braniewa w 2014 roku.

 Struktura powierzchni
Według danych z 2002 roku Braniewo ma obszar 12,36 km², w tym:
 użytki rolne: 28%
 użytki leśne: 0%

Miasto stanowi 1,03% powierzchni powiatu.

 Zabytki

 Bazylika św. Katarzyny – kościół z lat 1343–1442
 Wieża bramna dawnego Zamku Biskupiego jest jedynym ocalałym fragmentem zamku. W pomieszczeniu na piętrze mieści się kaplica św. Andrzeja.
 Sanktuarium Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego. Kościół parafialny pw. Krzyża Świętego, położony nad rzeką Pasłęką, na północ od starego miasta. Kościół został wybudowany przez jezuitów w latach 1722–1747. Znajdujący się tu obraz Tron Łaski, namalowany przez Lorenza Maaßa, został uszkodzony (postrzelony) przez Szwedów w 1626 roku. Ołtarz główny i boczne wykonane w reszelskim warsztacie Jana Chrystiana Schmidta. Z kolei ambona wykonana została przez Jana Freya.
 Dom prowincjalny Zgromadzenia Sióstr św. Katarzyny w Braniewie
 Cmentarz przy ul. Olsztyńskiej z kaplicą św. Rocha
 Budynek Collegium Hosianum Kościół św. Trójcy (obecnie cerkiew greckokatolicka). Położony w obrębie Nowego Miasta (był kościołem parafialnym), budowla salowa z trójbocznym zamknięciem od wschodu, powstał na początku XVI w. Zakrystia i kruchta pochodzą z lat 1681–1686. Ołtarz główny był późnobarokowy, pochodził z warsztatu Jana Freya.
 Kościół parafialny św. Antoniego (przed 1945 r. ewangelicki) z XIX w.
 Cerkiew prawosławna pw. Przemienienia Pańskiego (parafialna) przy ul. Wspólnej (przed 1949 kaplica ewangelicka).
 Dom konwertytów z 1718 roku, przy ulicy Botanicznej 11
 Wieża Młyna Kieratowego – XIV-wieczna baszta w południowo-zachodnim narożu dawnego Starego Miasta w Braniewie, stanowiąca element wewnętrznego muru obronnego
 Pozostałości obwarowań miejskich
 Domy na ul. Kościuszki z 3 ćw. XIX w., bez cech stylowych wzniesione na piwnicach z w. XVIII.
 Spichlerz Mariacki z XIX w.
 Dworzec kolejowy
 Szkoła podstawowa nr 6 oraz Gimnazjum nr 1
 Szkoła podstawowa nr 5
 Budynki stajenne przy ul. Moniuszki wybudowane w latach 1889–1891 (na listę zabytków wpisane w roku 2007). Dawna hodowla koni rasy trakeńskiej i sztumskiej. Po 1945 roku funkcjonowało tam Państwowe Stado Ogierów Braniewo, obecnie część budynków użytkuje sportowy klub jeździecki
 Budynek urzędu miasta (niem. Kreishaus)
 Budynek Sądu Rejonowego w Braniewie
 Ratusz (niezachowany)
 Wieża Klesza – XIV-wieczna w północno-zachodnim narożu dawnego Starego Miasta w Braniewie, stanowiąca element wewnętrznego muru obronnego, a później Collegium Hosianum

 Oratorium Braniewskie "Mikołaj Kopernik"
W 2010 roku powstało oratorium, które Braniewo pierwsza stolica Warmii dedykuje Kopernikowi. Utwór został skomponowany przez Piotra Pawła Pałkę, libretto napisała siostra Miriam Brzozowska OCD – karmelitanka ze Spręcowa. Premiera oratorium miała miejsce 22 maja 2010 o godz. 17:00 w bazylice św. Katarzyny Aleksandryjskiej w Braniewie, po zakończeniu uroczystości ponownego pochówku Mikołaja Kopernika we Fromborku. Utwór wykonał chóru Voce Angeli oraz orkiestra Dell'Arte pod dyrekcją Piotra Pawła Pałki. Solistami byli Elżbieta Towarnicka (sopran) oraz Marcin Jajkiewicz (tenor), recytację poprowadził Piotr Chomik. Oratorium było transmitowane przez Polskie Radio Olsztyn, Radio Maryja i Telewizję Trwam. Patronat honorowy nad oratorium objął arcybiskup metropolita warmiński Wojciech Ziemba oraz burmistrz Braniewa Henryk Mroziński.

 Transport

Znaczny węzeł kolejowy i drogowy.

Linie kolejowe łączą Braniewo z wieloma miastami:
 Braniewo – Bogaczewo – Elbląg – Tczew, tzw. Pruska Kolej Wschodnia (Preußische Ostbahn), obecnie tylko ruch pociągów towarowych
 Braniewo – Kaliningrad (obecnie tylko ruch pociągów towarowych)
 Braniewo – Olsztyn, jedyny kierunek z zachowanym ruchem pociągów osobowych
 Braniewo – Elbląg przez Frombork tzw. Kolej Nadzalewowa (trasa w ruinie, regularny ruch pasażerski zamknięto 1 kwietnia 2006 r.)

W mieście krzyżują się drogi krajowe oraz wojewódzkie:
 droga krajowa nr 54 Gronowo – Braniewo – węzeł Braniewo-Południe na DK22
 droga wojewódzka nr 504 Braniewo – Frombork – Elbląg
 droga wojewódzka nr 507 Braniewo – Orneta – Dobre Miasto

Komunikację autobusową zapewniają przedsiębiorstwa PKS Elbląg, PKS Braniewo oraz przewoźnicy prywatni. Braniewo posiada bezpośrednie połączenia autobusowe z Gdańskiem, Lotniskiem w Gdańsku, Elblągiem, Bartoszycami, Lidzbarkiem Warmińskim, Węgorzewem, Pieniężnem, Ornetą, Pasłękiem, Fromborkiem oraz okolicznymi mniejszymi miejscowościami. Istnieje też międzynarodowe połączenie autobusowe do Kaliningradu.

 Przystań żeglarska
W ramach projektu "Pętla Żuławska – rozwój turystyki wodnej" wybudowana w 2011 roku została przystań żeglarska na rzece Pasłęce, która zlokalizowana jest przy ul. Portowej. Przystań pozwala na cumowanie w mieście jachtów i małych łodzi. Dostęp do przystani drogą wodną możliwy jest z Zalewu Wiślanego przez port w Nowej Pasłęce.

 Wspólnoty wyznaniowe

Na terenie miasta działalność religijną prowadzą następujące Kościoły i związki wyznaniowe:
 Kościół greckokatolicki:
 Parafia Świętej Trójcy
 Kościół rzymskokatolicki:
 Parafia św. Antoniego
 Parafia św. Katarzyny
 Parafia Świętego Krzyża
 Parafia wojskowo-cywilna św. Wojciecha
 Polski Autokefaliczny Kościół Prawosławny:
 Parafia Przemienienia Pańskiego
 Świadkowie Jehowy:
 zbór Braniewo (Sala Królestwa ul. Kołłątaja 26).

 Organizacje społeczne

 Towarzystwo Miłośników Braniewa
Stowarzyszenie prowadzi m.in. następujące działania: budzenie wśród mieszkańców umiłowania do Braniewa, zapoznanie społeczeństwa z historią oraz dorobkiem kulturalnym miasta oraz ochrona zabytków Braniewa. Formą działania jest upamiętnianie wydarzeń i wybitnych postaci z historii, organizacja cyklicznych wykładów, wystaw i wydawanie publikacji. Towarzystwo opiekuje się również założonym w 2016 roku Muzeum Ziemi Braniewskiej.

 OTOZ Animals
Na terenie gminy i miasta Braniewo działa o 2009 roku inspektorat Ogólnopolskiego Towarzystwa Ochrony Zwierząt "Animals". Co roku w październiku w Braniewskim Centrum Kultury organizowana jest Gala na Rzecz Zwierząt, której celem jest zebranie funduszy na działalność inspektoratu.

 Klub Seniora "Wrzos"
Celami stowarzyszenia jest działalność charytatywna, podtrzymywanie tradycji narodowej, pielęgnowanie polskości oraz rozwój świadomości narodowej, obywatelskiej i kulturowej.

 Stowarzyszenie Pomocy Społecznej "Socjal"
Organizacja zajmuje się pomocą społeczna, w tym pomocą rodzinom i osobom w trudnej sytuacji życiowej oraz wyrównywaniem szans tych rodzin i osób.

 Braniewskie Stowarzyszenie Abstynenckie
Stowarzyszenie zajmuje się pomocą osobom uzależnionym w wyjściu z nałogu.

 Sport
 Zatoka Braniewo – judo, aikido, boks
 Zatoka Braniewo – lekkoatletyka,
 Zatoka Braniewo – brydż (III liga-Olsztyn)
 Zatoka Braniewo – piłka nożna (IV liga)
 Gmina Braniewo – piłka nożna (A klasa)
 Sparta Braniewo – piłka siatkowa

4 września 2000 roku z Braniewa wystartował 57 Tour De Pologne.
W Braniewie swój początek miał 31,32,33,34 i 35 Rajd Kormoran.
26 września 2009, 2 października 2010 oraz 1 października 2011 w Braniewie odbyły się Mistrzostwa Polski w Pro Evolution Soccer.

20 maja 2011 roku nastąpiło oficjalne otwarcie basenu w Braniewie, zainaugurowane tradycyjnym skokiem burmistrza do wody w garniturze. Również od 2011 roku organizowane są w Braniewie Otwarte Mistrzostwa Braniewa w Aquathlonie oraz Mistrzostw Polski Nauczycieli oraz Mistrzostw Polski Dziennikarzy i Aktorów w Aquathlonie. Od 2016 roku organizowany jest w Braniewie Bieg Hozjusza (na dystansie 10 km).

 Współpraca krajowa i międzynarodowa
Miasto należy do następujących organizacji i stowarzyszeń:
 Związek Miast Polskich
 Związek Miast i Gmin Morskich
 Komunalny Związek Gmin Nadzalewowych
 Stowarzyszenie Gmin Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej Euroregion Bałtyk
 Stowarzyszenie na Rzecz Reformy Szkolnej
 Związek Miast Hanzeatyckich (nieformalnie) – Związek Nowej Hanzy.

 Miasta partnerskie
  Zielenogradsk
  Münster

 Zobacz też
 Nowe Miasto Braniewo
 Muzeum Ziemi Braniewskiej
 Cmentarz przy ul. Olsztyńskiej w Braniewie
 Cmentarz przy ul. Morskiej w Braniewie
 Cmentarz żydowski w Braniewie
 Cmentarz Żołnierzy Armii Radzieckiej w Braniewie
 Budynek przy ul. Botanicznej 5 w Braniewie

 Przypisy

 Bibliografia
 A. Rzempołuch, Przewodnik po zabytkach sztuki dawnych Prus Wschodnich''. Agencja Wyd. "Remix", Olsztyn 1993.
 Tomasz Darmochwał, Marek Jacek Rumiński: Warmia Mazury, przewodnik. Białystok: Agencja TD, 1996. , s. 106–107.

Linki zewnętrzne

 Oficjalna strona miasta Braniewa
 Historia Braniewa-Nieznane Wydarzenia
 Cyfrowe Archiwum Tradycji Lokalnej – Braniewo
 Historia Żydów w Braniewie na portalu Wirtualny Sztetl
 , s. 387–388.

Miasta w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim
Miasta w Polsce lokowane w XIII wieku
Miejscowości urodzenia świętych i błogosławionych

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Wolfsradweg (Wolf´s Bike Trail) in the saxon area of Lausitz offers you to follow the tracks of German's first wolves, who recolonized the area in 2000. It is a great example of a sustainable tourism strategy involving the return of the wolves in Europe.
Though this area shows beautiful landscape features, after the reunity of East- and West Germany, lots of people left. The one who stayed soon recognized the value of the returned wolves, not only from an ecological perspective, but also as a new tourism highlight. The Wolfsradweg leads 43km from Nochten to the Neisse, close to the Polish border, winding though the charming 'Teichlandschaft' (area dominated by ponds), passing the 'open air-museum' Erlichthof (where a Wolf-exhibition and Information office are located) to the river Neisse.
Along the way interested bikers can stop at 18 wolf information stations and 3 shelter cabins while experiencing Germany's first 'Wolfland' and lots of other attractions.