text:
Progressive Radio News Hour
The Progressive Radio News Hour is a cutting-edge program featuring distinguished guests daily discussing major world and national issues in depth.
News & Politics Podcasts
http://prn.fm/show/progressive-radio-news-hour/
Larry Pinkney - 02.22.15
Pinkney is a dedicated activist. A former political prisoner. A Black Panther Party veteran. A former Republic of New Africa Minister of Interior. Major world and national issues will be discussed.
John Kozy - 02.15.15
Kozy is a retired philosophy professor, now writing on social, political and economic issues. He taught for many years and has been writing for many more. Kozy's latest writing will be discussed.
Rodney Shakespeare - 02.13.15
Shakespeare is a Professor of Binary Economics at Trisakti University, Britain where he teaches postgraduate Islamic Economics and Finance. He's also a qualified UK Barrister, co-founder of the Global Justice Movement, and distinguished writer, scholar and lecturer, particularly at Islamic conferences on money, the real economy, and social and economic justice.
Andrew Kolin - 01.04.15
Kolin is Professor of Political Science at Hilbert College. His books include "State Power and Democracy," and "State Structure and Genocide." It discusses his thesis that America is now a police state. Major world and national issues will be discussed.
Rick Rozoff - 12.19.14
Rozoff is an activist, anti-war supporter, Stop NATO web site editor. He "document(s) and oppose(s) global militarist trends and an expanding theater of war that began" by balkanizing Yugoslavia in the 1990s. It's expanded to South Asia. It's ravaging the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia.
Pinkney is a dedicated activist. He's a former political prisoner. He's a Black Panther Party veteran. He formerly served as Republic of New Africa Minister of Interior. Major world and national issues will be discussed.
Progressive Radio News Hour - Rodney Shakespeare - 11/16/14
Progressive Radio News Hour - James Petras - 11/14/14
Petras is Binghamton University, New York Professor Emeritus, a noted figure on the left, a distinguished Latin American expert, and longtime chronicler of the region's popular struggles. He's also a consummate scholar and prolific writer of hundreds of articles and dozens of books, including his latest titled, "The Arab Revolt and the Imperialist Counterattack." Major world and national issues will be discussed.
Progressive Radio News Hour - Rick Rozoff and John Pilger - 11/09/14
Rozoff is an activist, anti-war supporter, Stop NATO web site editor. He "document(s) and oppose(s) global militarist trends and an expanding theater of war that began" by balkanizing Yugoslavia in the 1990s. It expanded to South Asia. It's ravaging the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia.
Progressive Radio News Hour - John McMurtry - 11/06/14
McMurtry is an internationally recognized moral and political philosopher who is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and University Professor Emeritus at the University of Guelph, Ontario. His volumes on Philosophy and World Problems for UNESCO are globally published, and his widely translated works include the influential books, "Unequal Freedoms," "The Cancer Stage of Capitalism," and "Value Wars." The updated and expanded "The Cancer Stage of [...]
Progressive Radio News Hour - Larry Pinkney - 11/02/14
Progressive Radio News Hour - 10/31/14
Stephen Lendman hosts a solo discussion of important national and world issues.
Progressive Radio News Hour - Richard Wolff - 10/30/14
Wolff is University of Massachusetts Professor of Economics Emeritus. He's currently New York City-based New School University Graduate Program in International Affairs Visiting Professor. Economic conditions will be discussed.
Progressive Radio News Hour - Lynne Stewart and Ralph Poynter - 10/17/14
Lynne is an internationally renown human rights lawyer. She was wrongfully imprisoned for defending clients prosecutors wanted convicted. She's free at last. Ralph was a United Federation of Teachers founding member. In the 1960s, he supported core union principles and struggles. He and Lynne work tirelessly for justice. Major world and national issues will be discussed.
Progressive Radio News Hour - John Kozy - 10/16/14
Progressive Radio News Hour – John McMurtry - 10/12/14
McMurtry is an internationally recognized moral and political philosopher who is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and University Professor Emeritus at theUniversity of Guelph, Ontario. His volumes on Philosophy and World Problems for UNESCO are globally published, and his widely translated works include the influential books, "Unequal Freedoms," "The Cancer Stage of Capitalism," and "Value Wars." His updated and expanded "The Cancer Stage of Capitalism: From Crisis to Cure"...
Progressive Radio News Hour - Andrew Kolin - 10/10/14
Stephen hosts his own solo discussion about major world and national issues.
Pinkney's a dedicated activist. He's a former political prisoner. He's a Black Panther Party veteran. He formerly served as Republic of New Africa Minister of Interior. Major world and national issues will be discussed.


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Sarah Stevenson, ambassador of the 2013 World Combat Games
Posted by epau84 | Sep 19, 2013 | Sin categoría | 0 |
The Sports Ambassadors Programme of 2013 SportAccord World Combat Games is pleased to announce Sarah Stevenson as one of its Ambassadors. She was appointed this special honour by the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF).
Sports Ambassadors' role is to engage in promotion of their sports and the world of martial arts & combat sports during the World Combat Games; via press conferences, radio and television interviews, as well as publications in international and Russian newspapers and magazines.
Stevenson (30), a native of England, first came on the international scene when she became Junior World Champion in 1998 at the age of 15. She went on to become the World Champion in 2001 and has since become four-times European Champion and World silver medallist in 2005. Career highlights include placing fourth at the 2000 Olympic Games, drawing the attention of Jackie Chan who sponsored her while promoting Shanghai Noon in the UK, and being nominated to read the Athlete Oath at the opening ceremony of the Olympics Games in 2012.
Sarah recently created her own company 'Sarah Stevenson Inspires' which aims to educate and train young athletes across a range of sports. She is planning to inspire, mentor and motivate young people to achieve and carry on the legacy that she has created as a trail blazer for Taekwondo. "I am so proud of what I have achieved both on and off the mat. I am now committed to pass on my experiences and help young people gain the life skills and opportunities that I have had over the years. My ambition is to keep raising the profile of Taekwondo as a sport and encourage all youngsters to feel the benefits that come from being involved in sport".
About World Combat Games
World Combat Games take place from 18-26 October 2013 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. SportAccord World Combat Games is an international sporting event which promotes values of self-control, determination and technical mastery. The Martial Arts and Combat Sports integrate elements of culture, wisdom, friendship to create an elite sports competition – the Art of Combat. The Games will feature the world's top athletes of 15 Martial Arts and Combat Sports; Aikido, Boxing, Fencing, Judo, Jujitsu, Karate, Kendo, Kickboxing, Muaythai, Sambo, Savate, Sumo, Taekwondo, Wrestling, Wushu. Additionally, the Combat Games will feature a Cultural Programme reflecting the ancient traditions of martial arts as well as the social and cultural values of the 15 sports and the event as a whole.
Source: WTF
PreviousGreat success of the 7th UNOSDP Youth Leadership Program
Next3rd Russian International Open 2013: Complete Results
World's best return to Manchester this week for GP
Malaysia Inter-club Taekwondo Champs 2013: Koryo makes hat trick
Argentina Open 2013: Day 1 Complete Results
Jade Jones wants to become a "Taekwondo legend"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: $anchorScroll goes to wrong point if dynamically changing element position to fixed I'm using a directive to fix my menu to the top of the page once my header scrolls past. I also would like my menu to use $anchorScroll to navigate to different elements of the page. The trouble I'm having is that the $anchorScroll goes past the anchor point unless you have scrolled past the header.
var myApp = angular.module('myApp', ['sticky']);

    function IndexCtrl($scope, $location, $anchorScroll) {
    $scope.gotoDiv = function (id) {
        $scope.id = id;
        $location.hash(id);
        $anchorScroll();
    }
}

angular.module('sticky', [])
.directive('sticky', [ function () {
    return {
        restrict: 'A',

        link: function ($scope, $elem, $attrs) {
            var offsetTop = 0,
                $window = angular.element(window),
                initialPositionStyle = $elem.css('position'),
                stickyLine,
                scrollTop;

            // Set the top offset
            $elem.css('top', '0');
            $window.on('scroll', checkSticky);
            setInitial();

            function setInitial() {
                stickyLine = $elem[0].offsetTop;
                checkSticky();
            }

            function checkSticky() {
                scrollTop = window.pageYOffset;
                if (scrollTop >= stickyLine) {
                    $elem.css('position', 'fixed');
                } else {
                $elem.css('position', initialPositionStyle);
                }
            }
        }
    };
}]);

I created this plunker: http://plnkr.co/edit/7HfPtu4f1VoQ5vz4yVOJ?p=preview
-Click the menu the first time, the scroll goes to far.
-A second click takes you the correct position.
-scroll past the header, then click scroll goes to the correct position.

A: The header needs to be set to fixed before the scroll happens. like this:
var myApp = angular.module('myApp', ['sticky']);

function IndexCtrl($scope, $location, $anchorScroll) {
    $scope.gotoDiv = function (id) {
      $scope.stickyHeader();
      $scope.id = id;
      $location.hash(id);
      $anchorScroll();
    }

    $scope.stickyHeader = function () {
      service001.elem.css('position', 'fixed');
    }
}

var service001 = {

}

angular.module('sticky', [])
    .directive('sticky', [ function () {
        return {
            restrict: 'A',

            link: function ($scope, $elem, $attrs) {
                var offsetTop = 0,
                    $window = angular.element(window),
                    initialPositionStyle = $elem.css('position'),
                    stickyLine,
                    scrollTop;

                // Set the top offset
                $elem.css('top', '0');
                $window.on('scroll', checkSticky);
                setInitial();

                service001.elem = $elem;

                function setInitial() {
                    stickyLine = $elem[0].offsetTop;
                    checkSticky();
                }

                function checkSticky() {
                    scrollTop = window.pageYOffset;
                    if (scrollTop >= stickyLine) {
                      $elem.css('position', 'fixed');
                    } else {
                      $elem.css('position', initialPositionStyle);
                    }
                }
            }
        };
    }]);

There should be a service in here to share the elem.css position, but there it is.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


See the full Just Don't Give A F*** lyrics from Eminem. Just Don't Give A F*** lyrics belongs on the album The Slim Shady EP. Learn every word of your favourite song and get the meaning or start your own concert tonight :-). Rate this song's lyrics. Uploaded by Lora Craft. Use it for personal and educational purposes only. Listen to these sick beats by Eminem.
I just don't give a f***!
'Cause I just don't give a f***!
Outsiders, Pace One, Young Zee.
Related Just Don't Give A F*** lyrics.
waking up on a new day runni..
oh you a freak and i can tel..
gulay song lazy song tagalog..


News: Is this really smoking gun of Obama's Kenyan birth?
Any game that takes place in a modern-day setting will likely have some connections to the USA in some way.
The book "The Nine Nations of North America" can serve as a model for an Alternate History setting where the USA split up in smaller nations.


For a period of about 2 months, between May 15th and July 15th roughly, the sun in Iceland doesn't set, and it never really gets dark. Sure, it gets a bit darker, but there is no direct sunlight. What you end up is this wonderful glow; that lights up the sky. It's the alluring midnight sun.
This week, we want to tell you why you should push through your instincts to sleep during the night, and perhaps even invert it! It's too magical to miss, and take our word for it, your eyes and spirit will thank you.
Here are our top 5 reason to hike in the midnight sun.
This time in Iceland is remarkable. There is a soft glow over everything, and your eyes constantly deceive you. This light brings out colours in the landscape that you didn't know were possible; subtle tones, reflection, nuances and details that you had never noticed before. Thorsmork is a particularly remarkable area for this reason.
2. You can take the best photos with light from the Midnight Sun!
Because there is nobody around, and the light is next to magnificent, you have the best opportunity to take photos that you could possible imagine. And because it lasts so long, you don't need to rush around, you can simply enjoy yourself and take all the time you need!
"What time is it? You never know. You always have to check. Then again, why even bother? Time really feels as though it is standing still. Although you will see the sun rise eventually, and the magenta tones will transform into orange as the morning progresses.
4. There is nobody around!
Did you ever visit a popular sight in iceland and feel like there were a few too many people there? Well, try going to that same spot at 2am in June, and you will be pleasantly suprised. It's a joy to feel as though you are the only person in sight, and to see nobody.
5. It makes you feel different, in a very special way.
A bizarre and unexpected aspect of doing a midnight sun hike is that people often feel differently during the night, experiencing different emotions than during the day time.
A hike during the bright nights somehow gives emotional space to explore the landscape, and perhaps even yourself. With a beating heart as you ascend a given peak, experiencing the euphoria of reaching a peak and taking in the awesome view, you find yourself overtaken with the majesty of the landscape and the beauty before you.
Then, as you descend gradually down, the tiredness may be setting in. By this point, it's already 4 in the morning, perhaps later. You get back to base camp, perhaps eat something, throw on your eye mask (this is important) and sleep well into the afternoon. This is the life of the midnight light hiker.
Try a midnight hike for yourself!
It's difficult to imagine unless you have experienced it yourself. This is why we urge you, if you are in Iceland right now or if you are planning to come next summer, you should really try to hike the highlands during the summer. The Laugavegur trek from Landmannalaugar to Thorsmork with the potential to go all the way through to Skogar is a perfect example. Once you have arrived in Thorsmork, make sure you stay longer and explore Thorsmork, how the light comes through the valley at different times of day, sunrise and sunset not far apart, you can easily see both.
A sunrise and a sunset within the space of 4 hours. This is the stuff dreams are made of.


text:
Peyton Manning Officially Announces His Retirement
"Today I retire from pro football," the Denver Broncos quarterback said in a news conference Monday. So what's next for Manning?
After 18 seasons and two Super Bowl titles, Denver Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning is retiring.
"There's just something about 18 years. Eighteen is a good number. And today I retire from pro football," Manning said in a press conference.
Manning's retirement doesn't exactly come as a shock. The soon-to-be 40-year-old is the oldest quarterback ever to start a Super Bowl.
Manning exits as the NFL's all-time leader in passing yards, passing touchdowns and total wins as a quarterback.
And just because Manning is retiring from playing doesn't necessarily mean he's done with football.
There's speculation he could consider a front-office job, with one report from CBS highlighting Cleveland and Tennessee as possible landing spots.
This video includes clips from NJ.com and Nationwide, and images from Getty Images.


text:
Home > Search results: Wolfe, Brent B New Search Favorites
Showing 1 - 13 of 13 for search: 'Wolfe, Brent B', query time: 0.36s
Environmental Change and Traditional Use of the Old Crow Flats in Northern Canada: An IPY Opportunity to Meet the Challenges of the New Northern Research Paradigm
by Wolfe, Brent B. in Arctic Vol. 64, No. 1 (2011), p. 127-135
"...b b w bb bbw..."
From Isotopes to TK Interviews: Towards Interdisciplinary Research in Fort Resolution and the Slave River Delta, Northwest Territories
by Wolfe, Brent B. in Arctic Vol. 60, No. 1 (2007), p. 75-87
Characterizing the Hydrology of Shallow Floodplain Lakes in the Slave River Delta, NWT, Canada, Using Water Isotope Tracers
by Brock, Bronwyn E. in Arctic, antarctic, and alpine research : an interdisciplinary journal Vol. 39, No. 3 (2007), p. 388-401
"...b e b be beb..."
Research reports - Changes in carbon and nitrogen cycling during tree-line retreat recorded in the isotopic content of lacustrine organic matter, western Taimyr Peninsula, Russia
by Wolfe, Brent B. in The Holocene : an interdisciplinary journal focusing on recent environmental change Vol. 9, No. 2 (1999), p. 215-222
"... lacustrine organic matter, western Taimyr Peninsula, Russia Wolfe, Brent B. Edwards, Thomas W.D. Aravena..."
Biological and nutrient responses to catchment disturbance and warming in small lakes near the Alaskan tundrataiga boundary
by Medeiros, Andrew S in The Holocene : an interdisciplinary journal focusing on recent environmental change Vol. 24, No. 10 (2014), p. 1308-1319
"... Couse, Madeline Hall, Roland I Quinlan, Roberto Wolfe, Brent B in The Holocene : an interdisciplinary..."
Characterizing baseline concentrations, proportions, and processes controlling deposition of river-transported bitumen-associated polycyclic aromatic compounds at a floodplain lake (Slave River Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada)
by Elmes, Matthew C in Environmental monitoring and assessment : an international journal to progress in the use of monitoring data in assessing environmental risks to man and the environment Vol. 188, No. 5 (2016), p. 282
"... Wolfe, Brent B Hall, Roland I in Environmental monitoring and assessment : an international journal to..."
by Elmes, Matthew C in Environmental monitoring and assessment : an international journal to progress in the use of monitoring data in assessing environmental risks to man and the environment Vol. 188, No. 5 (2016), p. 1-15
"... A Van Opstal, Stacey R Wolfe, Brent B Hall, Roland I in Environmental monitoring and assessment : an..."
Effect of varying oceanicity on early- to mid-Holocene palaeohydrology, Kola Peninsula, Russia: isotopic evidence from treeline lakes
by Wolfe, Brent B. in The Holocene : an interdisciplinary journal focusing on recent environmental change Vol. 13, No. 2 (2003), p. 153-160
"... lakes Wolfe, Brent B. Edwards, Thomas W.D. Jiang, Hongbo Macdonald, Glen M. Gervais, Bruce R. Snyder..."
Erratum to: Climate variability and change in mountain environments: some implications for water resources and water quality in the Sierra Nevada (USA)
by Costa-Cabral, Mariza in Climatic change : an interdisciplinary, intern. journal devoted to the description, causes and implications of climatic change Vol. 116, No. 1 (2012), p. 15-16
"... Schladow, Geoffrey Wolfe, Brent Roy, Sujoy B. Chen, Limin in Climatic change : an interdisciplinary, intern..."
Climate variability and change in mountain environments: some implications for water resources and water quality in the Sierra Nevada (USA)
by Costa-Cabral, Mariza in Climatic change : an interdisciplinary, intern. journal devoted to the description, causes and implications of climatic change Vol. 116, No. 1 (2012), p. 1-14
"..., Geoffrey Wolfe, Brent Roy, Sujoy B. Chen, Limin in Climatic change : an interdisciplinary, intern. journal..."
Palaeolimnological and sedimentary responses to Holocene forest retreat in the Scandes Mountains, west-central Sweden
by Hammarlund, Dan in The Holocene : an interdisciplinary journal focusing on recent environmental change Vol. 14, No. 6 (2004), p. 862-876
"... Velle, Gaute Wolfe, Brent B. Edwards, Thomas W.D. Bergman, Jonas Holmgren, Sofia Lamme, Sara Snowball..."
Quantifying Lake Athabasca (Canada) water level during the 'Little Ice Age' highstand from palaeolimnological and geophysical analyses of a transgressive barrier-beach complex
by Johnston, John W. in The Holocene : an interdisciplinary journal focusing on recent environmental change Vol. 20, No. 5 (2010), p. 801-812
"... analyses of a transgressive barrier-beach complex Johnston, John W. Köster, Dörte Wolfe, Brent B. Hall..."
Science–policy processes for transboundary water governance
by Armitage, Derek in Ambio Vol. 44, No. 5 (2015), p. 353-366
"... Plummer, Ryan Wolfe, Brent B. in Ambio Vol. 44, No. 5 (2015), p. 353-366 44:5<353-366 (DE-601)JST001769995..."


Content was recovered between http://archive.is, the Google Feeds API, and a checkout I found on my disk. We've generated a build environment, integrated missing logs into the source tree, and made the output available as a Tor hidden service: http://muflax65ngodyewp.onion.
If you'd like to access the rendered content, but don't have an onion router available to you, access is available via Virgil's patched Tor2Web instance.
If you're interested in the state of the repository prior to our modifications, check out the master branch.
All original content is licensed under CC-BY-SA-4.0; our patches inherit this by transitivity under ShareAlike.


So I wanted the rare dark green color skin and found a wood wasp as a secondary pet in Gorgrond, so I could do that trick where I keep starting the fight until the secondary pet is the skin that I want. Man, I was at it for two hours or restarting the fight over and over until I was on the verge of giving up and the secondary pet finally turned turn the dark green I was able to capture! it. So hang in there if you find the wasp as a secondary. You can eventually get the dark green.
Spent quite a bit of time trying to find a rare Wood Wasp as a secondary pet while also hunting for a couple others at the same time. I came here and read about the secondary color so decided to go for it the next time I saw a Wood Wasp. Got the rare color to pop on the 3rd reset.
Having trouble getting anything but poors, no upgrades for me.
Edit: Finally caught an uncommon in the Ruins of the First Bastion.
@Zhevrakeeper Yes! It is indeed still possible to get the purple/green skin. I just caught one as a secondary near Broken Horn Village (north Gorgrond) a few minutes ago. Spent almost an hour resetting the fight!
Found one in the Ruins of the Lost Bastion. There seemed to be two others here, but could not locate anywhere else. They seem to be concentrated here only.
The pet data in the WoW client indicates that the ratio of regular green to green-black Wood Wasps is 99 to 1! So even if you find this pet as a secondary in battle, it may take many battle resets before the black colour shows up.
There are several other Draenor pets where the ratio of colours is 9:1 (such as the Icespine Hatchling where the icy blue is rarer than the darker blue), which makes me wonder if this extra rare one was intentional or a slip of the key by someone at Blizzard.
I caught one with a different skin. It is blackish-green with a purple underbelly and dark green wings. It seems to be a very rare skin. It is the same skin used by the 'Stingtail Worker' wasps in Spires of Arak.
Found a green at 48.95, 80.28 in the Ruins of the First Bastion.
Wood wasps make nests in dead or hollowed out trees, and are quick to attack anything that threatens their home.


The Diocese of Fort Worth issues news release from time to time about important events, policies and other matters. Below are current as well as past news releases. For more information concerning a news release, contact Diocesan Communications Director below.
Statement Commemorating 50th Anniversary of the Assassination of the Rev. Doctor Martin Luther King, Jr.
Bishop Urges Faithful to Observe "Fortnight for Freedom"


text:
Readers' View
Azhar, Azalina remain as Dewan Rakyat Speaker and Deputy Speaker
By Editor , in Nation Politics on December 30, 2020 .
KUALA LUMPUR, Dec 30 — Datuk Azhar Azizan Harun and Datuk Seri Azalina Othman Said remained as Dewan Rakyat Speaker and Deputy Speaker respectively after the High Court here today ruled that their appointments were valid.
This followed the decision of Judge Datuk Ahmad Kamal Md Shahid in allowing the application by Azhar, Azalina, and two others to strike out an origination summons filed against them by former Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad and four others to challenge the legitimacy of their appointment.
Ahmad Kamal said that after studying the oral and written submissions of both plaintiff and defendants, he found that the appointments of Azhar Azizan and Azalina were valid and cannot be questioned by the court.
"The first (Azhar Azizan), second (Azalina), third (Mohd Rashid) and fourth (Nizam Mydin) defendants' originating summons to strike out the application is allowed.
"The court will not set any cost after being satisfied that the issue was indeed of public interest," he said,
Ahmad Kamal in his judgment said in his view the pleading and the affidavits evidence showed that Tan Sri Mohamad Ariff Md Yusof was removed from his office of Speaker by way of a resolution and motion carried out by the Dewan Rakyat.
"At another stage of the said sitting of the Dewan Rakyat on that day Azhar and Azalina were elected to the office of Speaker and the Deputy Speaker by way of a motion that was brought and passed by Dewan Rakyat," he said.
The judge said Article 57 of the Federal Constitution expressly provides that it is the Parliament that determines the removal and election of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
"I view that any kind of matter or issues concerning the removal and the appointment of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker ought to be examined, discussed, and resolved in the Parliament. The Parliament has exclusive jurisdiction over the matter and it has the absolute right to control its own proceedings.
"Indeed, the decision of the Parliament on July 13, 2020, to remove Tan Sri Ariff as the Speaker and to appoint Azhar and Azalina as the new Speaker and the Deputy Speaker is conclusive," he said.
In his 39-page of judgment, the judge said as the matter has been determined by the Parliament on July 13, 2020, the court was not allowed to question the validity of the said proceeding in pursuant of Article 63 (1) of the Federal Constitution.
Ahmad Kamal said that the first and second defendants being sole candidate whose nomination was made pursuant to Standing Order 4 (1) and 6 (2) of the Dewan Rakyat shall be declared without question put pursuant to Standing Order 4 (3).
"Therefore, the third defendant's (Mohd Rashid) decision to declare the first defendant as the Speaker and the first defendant's decision to declare the second defendant as the Deputy Speaker without debate were lawful," he said.
Ahmad Kamal further said that having considered the plaintiffs' pleading, the affidavits and the arguments of both sides and having given the matter the utmost careful consideration, he was of the view that the present case came within the category of plain and obvious case.
"The originating summons is frivolous and vexatious and an abuse of the process of the court. The action has no prospect to succeed," he said.
On July 23, Dr Mahathir, his son Datuk Seri Mukhriz, who is former Menteri Besar of Kedah, together with former Minister of Education Dr Maszlee Malik, Kubang Pasu MP Datuk Wira Amiruddin Hamzah and Sri Gading MP Datuk Dr Shahruddin Md Salleh, filed a legal action to challenge the legitimacy of the appointments of Azhar and Azalina.
Counsel Amer Hamzah Arshad and Tania Scivetti represented the defendants while lawyer Mohamed Haniff Khatri Abdulla representing Dr Mahathir and four other plaintiffs.
Amer Hamzah said based on the decision today, there is no question on the appointments of Azhar and Azalina.
"They can be relieved that their appointments are valid. The court had clearly laid out the legal principles and should not be disputed by any party," said Amer Hamzah.
Meanwhile, the counsel for Azalina and Nizam Mydin said in a statement that the court's decision had fortified the doctrine of separation of powers under the Federal Constitution and reinforced the courts' duty to uphold the constitution.
"The decision today fortified the doctrine of separation of powers as entrenched in the Federal Constitution. The decision also reinforces the Judiciary's most important role, which is to protect the supremacy of our Federal Constitution," the statement said.
— BERNAMA
Crowd understood Khairy's 'homosexual' remark against Anwar, says Sri Ram
Losses due to floods estimated at up to RM6.5 billion
Millions hunker down as storm hits eastern United States
All orders for Thaipusam, Chinese New Year destroyed – Kacang putih trader
Thai chief negotiator compliments Malaysia as peace talks facilitator
© 2018 New Malaysia Times.


Use the leftover seeds from carving a Halloween jack-o'-lantern or making a pumpkin pie. Dry the seeds for a healthy, fiber-filled snack alternative to roasted seeds. A food dehydrator facilitates the drying process by creating a controlled environment around the seeds. Salting the seeds before drying is optional, but it seasons the seeds from the inside rather than coating them after drying.
Cut off the top of a pumpkin with a heavy knife.
Scoop out the seed cavity with a large spoon and transfer to a colander.
Rinse the seeds under cold running water to separate the strings from the seeds.
Pat the raw pumpkin seeds dry on paper towels. Optionally, salt the pumpkin seeds before drying. Bring to a boil a saucepan half full of water with salt to taste. Add the pumpkin seeds and boil for 30 minutes. Drain and pat dry the seeds.
Arrange the pumpkin seeds on the drying racks of a food dehydrator in a single layer.
Dry the pumpkin seeds at 95 degrees F on your dehydrator for six to eight hours or until crisp.
Store the dried pumpkin seeds in an airtight container in the freezer or pantry.


Thomas Hart Benton, in quitting Tennessee and moving to Missouri, buried the hatchet with Jackson. The trustees wanted settlers to occupy the land, not to speculate in land. Thanks, Nancy, for bringing me the truth. Isenberg aims to put that history before us in ways we cannot ignore. They had taken a chance in the colonies, having been impressed into service and then choosing exile over possible incarceration within the walls of an overcrowded, disease-ridden English prison. Indentures were unlike wage contracts: servants were classified as chattels, as movable goods and property. Later, they were made up of political and religious enemies of the beheaded King Charles I.
Thus, added to the staid and highly sensitive class hierarchy inherited from class conscious Britain, the reader can see why America became an incubator for deep race and class sensitivities, divisions and resentments. This policy did little to alter the class structure. Let us recognize the existence of our underclass. When he attacked the fortified Spanish at Pensacola, what had begun as a foray to capture Indians quickly turned into a full-scale war and occupation. Jefferson Davis and James Hammond spoke the same language.
But at other points, she makes it sound as if all poor whites lived with blacks in their midst and, when the Civil War came, went off with varying degrees of enthusiasm to fight to maintain their superiority over those blacks. Then came the stories about a surge in opiate addiction among white Americans, alongside shocking reports of rising mortality rates including by suicide among middle-aged whites. And even though Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson believed that abundant land and hard work could change the waste people of Europe into a new American breed, the working class people they came across in their farms and towns were often lazy, idle and unkempt – the very definition of white trash. By 1700, indentured servants no longer had much of a chance to own land. In the end, the man, not the legend, did a better job of exposing class conflict in the backcountry, where real speculators were routinely pitted against real squatters. Somewhere in the wee hours of Saturday night, I would be awaken by ear-shattering noises, when literally all hell broke loose in shanty town.
There was room enough for an elite gentry class, and gentleman farmers like himself. She feared answering her door toward the end of her life because an able-bodied woman who lived next door would not stop bothering her for cash—money, we later learned, for drugs. Again, he was not alone in equating monarchy with bad breeding. The nasty white girl screaming at the dignified African-American student is white trash. One such complaint came from Reverend Dumont, a leader of French Protestants interested in migrating to Georgia. A case can be made that the time has arrived for a major undertaking in, say, the devastated coal country of central Appalachia. Copyright © 2016 Euromedia Group, Ltd.
The poor could be purged. Yet, somehow, we seem to have spent the last four centuries going to cruel and absurd lengths to avoid making direct eye contact with reality. Through my bedroom blinds, I could see parties alien to us, bleeding profusely being carried away on stretchers or handcuffed, being hauled off to hospitals and jails. When indentured adults sold their anticipated labor in return for passage to America, they instantly became debtors, which made their orphaned children a collateral asset. And we recognize how right she is today.
Underneath all human endeavors were gut-level animal instincts—and foremost for Franklin was the push and pull of pain and pleasure. He saw this venture as a unique opportunity to reconstruct class relations. It is such a joy when you run across a book that has so much factual detail included and it shows just how well White Trash has been researched. The beau was an effete snob, and his ridicule an uncalled-for taunt. While the most defining characteristic of this election so far the split between those who lack a college education and those who achieved one, these deeper cultural third rails are too obvious to ignore.
This unwholesome type lived a brute existence in a dingy log cabin, with yelping dogs at his heels, a haggard wife, and a mongrel brood of brown and yellow brats to complete the sorry scene. And we recognize how right she is today. In the wake of the panic, the federal government devised a program of regulated land sales that kept prices high enough to weed out the lowest classes. Tobacco was at once both a boom and bane. They are also unsatisfying as explanations for what is happening out there.
Harrison was born into an elite Virginia planter family, and though he had been briefly a cabin dweller in the Old Northwest Territory, by the time he ran for office that cabin had been torn down and replaced with a grand mansion. Below them was a growing transatlantic merchant class that set itself apart by engaging in a conspicuous display of wealth. As the colonies grew, so did awareness of class and racial tensions. It failed to shore up its elite planter class. Southern reformers were just as disparaging. They are renamed often, but they do not disappear.
Populist themes have emerged alongside familiar derogatory images, but never with enough force to diminish the hostility projected onto impoverished poor whites. He was even wrong about his tabulations on American birthrates. While most of my neighbors were working class blacks, sprinkled with a few college educated professionals, like my stepfather, Carl Redus, the white tribes that lived under the hill, were barely literate, and by anyone's social reckoning, had fallen well off the deep end of America's socio-economic grid. It begins and ends with the concepts of land and property ownership: class identity and the material and metaphoric meaning of land are closely connected. Smith was a military adventurer, a self-promoter, a commoner, who had the annoying habit of exaggerating his exploits. Poor whites were central to the rise of the Republican Party in the early nineteenth century, and the Civil War itself was fought over class issues nearly as much as it was fought over slavery. Either they are layabouts drenched in self-pity or they are sad cases consumed with racial status anxiety and animus toward the nonwhites passing them on the ladder.
Not even starvation awoke them from the dream. A focus on the South also eclipses places where low-income whites consist mainly of descendants of later European immigrants. As a small privileged group of planters acquired land, laborers, and wealth, those outside the inner circle were hard-pressed to escape their lower status. Since 1980, the share of upper-income households living in census tracts that are majority upper-income, rather than scattered throughout more mixed-income neighborhoods, has doubled. Their failure to put down stakes placed them outside the norms of society.


What is Bon Appétit Box??
Bon Appétit Box is an exclusive, gourmet food delivery service offering both single boxes and convenient subscription boxes. Our carefully curated boxes brim with delicacies from the heart of France's most coveted foodie regions, and offer the purest French culinary experience this side of the Atlantic.
We founded Bon Appétit Box to create a joyous and original à la Française experience, via our scrumptious gourmet selections. We invite you to explore, discover, and relish the delights within our carefully curated boxes, and allow yourself to be virtually transported to France!
Bon Appétit Box also makes the perfect gift for the discerning and adventurous foodie. Our website was created with the intent of making the gift-giving process quick, easy, and painless. We offer unique services to enhance your gift boxes, such as Gift Message Cards, Purchase Certificates, and direct shipping to you recipient(s). For more information on our Gift Boxes, please view the GIFT page.
What's inside a Bon Appétit Box??
Each Bon Appétit Box is composed of 7 to 8 gourmet products, painstakingly selected by your two French experts, Zoé and Bertrand. To enhance your French experience, our boxes are filled with several cards revealing the story behind each product: origins, craftsmen, anecdotes and tasting tips.
Where do the products come from??
The individual products within each Bon Appétit Box are from genuine French culinary masters. As is common with French food makers, many of the companies represented in our Bon Appétit Boxes have existed for generations and bring an unparalleled level of authenticity and richness of flavor. These French Artisans focus on quality, natural ingredients (usually locally-sourced), exquisite taste, and the adherence to traditional recipes.
Within each Bon Appétit Box, we've included Discovery Cards with origin details of each product and artisan maker.
What is the difference between Our Boxes & Gift??
Our Boxes are single and convenient subscription boxes meant to purchase for yourself. You can mix and match, select sweet or savory boxes, or try them all!
Our Gift products include special features to simplify and enhance the gift-giving process. You can purchase single or subscription boxes as gifts, and optionally have them shipped directly to your recipients. We also offer in-box Gift Message Cards, and unique Purchase Certificates (described below).
How do Subscription Boxes work??
In addition to Single Boxes, Bon Appétit Box offers convenient Subscription Boxes for both personal and gift purchasing.
To simplify the subscription process, we've eliminated inconvenient monthly payment programs and cancellation requirements. You simply choose the duration of your subscription, and your first box is shipped within 48 hours of placing your order. Then 30 days later, we ship your second box, and so forth until your subscription has expired. No need for annoying membership confirmation, no automatic renewals or charges, and no cancellation requirement!
With our Subscription Boxes, you choose which box you'd like to try each month. Be sure to explore What's in the Box before you purchase so you can custom tailor your experience to your taste.
That's right, we offer the unique ability to give your loved ones the Gift of a Bon Appétit Box Subscription. Naturally, you'll likely want your Gift Subscription Boxes shipped directly to your recipients, and we make it super easy to do just that. On each Gift product page, you have the option of entering a specific shipping address just for that product. This allows you to do all your gift shopping in one convenient checkout and, best of all, you don't even need to worry about delivery! We also offer in-box Gift Message Cards, and Printable Purchase Certificates.
For more details about our Gift Subscriptions and the features and options included, please see the GIFT BOXES section below.
Can I place large orders for corporate gifting or special events? ?
Sure, we'd be happy to discuss your specific needs. Please contact us via our Contact Page or email us at corporategifting@bonappetitbox.com, with a brief description, and we'll contact you right away to discuss.
How the items from the Pantry will ship? ?
All the products from the Pantry section will ship in a standard shipping box. If you'd like to receive the individual products in one of our Signature Box, you may choose to add it to your cart. Depending on the quantity of items in your order, some items may not fit in the Signature Box, so they may ship separately.
How do I order a Gift Box??
Only Bon Appétit Box allows you the unique ability to purchase both Gift Boxes & Non-Gift Boxes in a single checkout. You can even purchase Gift Subscriptions and have them delivered directly to your recipient's address!
To purchase both Single Gift Boxes or Subscription Gift Boxes, simply browse our Gifts, select your products, and add them to the cart the same way you would a standard product.
You'll notice that our Gifts have some extra fields, including "RECEIVE A PRINTABLE PURCHASE CERTIFICATE?" and "SHIP THIS BOX TO MY GIFT RECIPIENT". These are both unique options that make it super easy for our customers to purchase and send their gift items. The "RECEIVE A PRINTABLE PURCHASE CERTIFICATE?" option provides a lovely, printable PDF certificate that you can present to your recipient in lieu of their first box delivery (used mainly for gift subscriptions). And our "SHIP THIS BOX TO MY GIFT RECIPIENT" option allows you to specify your recipient's name and address to have their gift product shipped directly to them.
For more details on these options, please review these sections below.
How do Gift Subscriptions work??
Our Gift Subscriptions work exactly the same as our standard Subscriptions, but with the addition of a couple of extra options just for gift-giving. Please see below for descriptions of these special features.
This option was designed specifically for our Gift Subscriptions, although it's also available for Single Gift Boxes as well. Our Printable Purchase Certificate is a lovely printable PDF with your recipient's name and a short personal message printed on it. It's meant to be presented to your recipient in lieu of their first subscription box. It's basically a handsome way of presenting your Gift Subscription in cases where their first box has not yet arrived.
For more information about the Printable Purchase Certificate, please see the next question below.
What is my Printable Purchase Certificate??
Only Bon Appétit Box offers this unique option, which is essentially a beautifully designed, printable certificate to present to your gift recipient in lieu of their Bon Appétit Box.
The Printable Purchase Certificate is useful in situations where you need to present your gift to your recipient, but the box is in transit. With Gift Subscriptions, for example, you would most likely specify to have the boxes sent directly to your recipient, right? But maybe you don't want them to arrive beforehand and ruin the surprise. In such a case, you would present this lovely printed Purchase Certificate, which declares the product and recipient's name, and includes an optional personal message from you.
How do I get my Printable Purchase Certificate?
On any of our Gift products, you'll see the extra options to include your Purchase Certificate. If you are purchasing a Gift Subscription, please note that the Purchase Certificate only becomes visible after you've selected your desired boxes from the drop down menus. Before clicking "Add to Cart", just fill in your recipient's name and the optional personal message, and then select your preferred certificate design. Tip: you can click the certificate thumbnails for a larger view of the details.
Once you've completed checkout with your gift products, your Printable Purchase Certificate will be attached to your email receipt in PDF format. Simply download or open the PDF and print it from your own printer. You can also retrieve the PDF from your user account on Bon Appétit Box.
Do you offer in-box Custom Note Cards??
Yes! To add a customized note card, check the box next to " ADD A CUSTOMIZED CARD INSIDE THIS BOX", then add your optional custom message in the box provided. We'll see this in your order, and add a lovely French card, with your message printed inside.
What shipping carrier(s) do you use??
Do you offer bulk shipping discounts??
Yes! All orders over $100 are always FREE. And sometimes we offer other bulk shipping discounts in conjunction with this running offer.
After I purchase my boxes, when will they ship??
All purchases are shipped within 5 days of ordering, Monday – Friday. This includes both Single Boxes and Subscription Boxes.
For Subscription Boxes, please note that your subsequent box(es) are shipped in 30 day intervals from the date your first box was shipped.
Can I request a specific ship date for a Gift Box??
We are currently working on adding this feature the product pages. In the meantime, please Contact Us with your request and we'll do our best to accommodate.
Do you ship outside the US??
Because of the nature of our products (ie foods), we're unable to ship outside of the contiguous United States.
How do I report an issue with my order??


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Home/Uncategorized/Review: Samsung Gear 360
Review: Samsung Gear 360
Chris Fernando Send an email December 8, 2016
Samsung first showed off its VR camera – Gear 360 – at Mobile World Congress in February this year. The product is now being slowly shipped across the region and we received a test unit from Samsung for test run.
The moment you take a look at it, you realize it is aimed at all sorts of users. The overall design and build quality of the Samsung Gear 360 is quite good. While the Gear 360 is certainly not the first consumer 360-degree video camera it definitely is one of the most user-friendly.
Size-wise, the Samsung Gear 360 is small, easy to use (for capturing and editing), and the video quality is good. The tennis ball-sized Gear 360 is small and compact. It actually reminded us of the Logitech webcams from the yesteryears.
The Gear 360 is easily the slickest 360 camera with two lenses we've ever used. The plastic body is dust and water-resistant, which means it can survive a day at the beach or a light shower.
The Samsung Gear 360 comes with two 180-degree fisheye lenses on the opposite sides, with each packing in a 15-megapixel sensor. Inside the box, Samsung includes a drawstring pouch and microfiber cloth for storing and cleaning the two lenses.
The Gear 360 also comes with a mini three-legged tripod that collapses into a little handle. The device offers 4K recording and works with Samsung buy cipro online no rx smartphones and the Gear VR. Though the Gear 360 does not have any storage of its own, it comes with a MicroSD card slot that is capable of handling memory cards up to 128GB of storage.
When it comes to performance, the Samsung Gear 360 uses both the 15MP cameras back-to-back for high resolution 360 video capture at a resolution of 3840-by-1920 pixels. The camera's dual lens setup also captures still 30MP photos that create panoramic images at a resolution of 7776-by-3888 pixels.
In terms of quality of the output, we were impressed. Everything that came out in our tests was very good – the footage was properly lit and in focus. This is Samsung making use of its Bright Lens 2.0 aperture that's always supposed to be ready for low-light conditions.
Of course, the device only connects to Samsung phones. You do not necessarily need to have the latest phones – it is backwards compatible with S6, S6 Edge and even Note 5. All of these phones can run the required Samsung Gear 360 Manager app, and there's a PC software equivalent called the Gear 360 Action Director.
All said and done, the device's price tag of AED 1399 is quite affordable. The Samsung Gear 360 is something budding VR photography and videography enthusiasts can look at before diving head first into the VR world.
[wpsm_highlight color="yellow"]Price: AED 1399[/wpsm_highlight]
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If you come to Géniale for a tummy tuck procedure you'll be in the incredible hands of Dr. Bill Lyon. An Australian born and trained cosmetic surgeon, he has trained at Flinders University, undertaken extensive surgical training throughout both Australia and England, won numerous prizes and scholarships for both clinic and research work, and has numerous publications in international peer reviewed journals. Dr. Lyon has also travelled to both Rwanda and Fiji as a part of the Open Heart International humanitarian agency. Dr Lyon will provide you with an honest opinion regarding your suitability for a tummy tuck, with your safety and wellbeing at the core of every decision.
At Géniale, we will take the time to discuss a holistic approach to your goals. A preliminary consultation is recommended so we can assess both your abdominal structure and suitability for the procedure.
There are two types of tummy tucks; a full tummy tuck and a circumferential body lift.
The full tummy tuck removes excess skin and fat and repairs any muscle separation, which often occurs after childbirth. Depending on the location of excess skin and fat, incisions are generally made from hip to hip above the pubic area. As these incisions are often made along the boxers or bikini line, any subsequent scarring will be as inconspicuous as possible.
A circumferential body lift is a more extensive tummy tuck and involves an incision being made around the entire lower body which also helps to lift buttock and thigh skin.
During your preliminary consultation, Dr Lyon will discuss which treatment is best suited to you based on your individual needs.
Everyone's body is unique therefore prior consultation with Dr Lyon will determine the best approach for you.
Most tummy tuck procedures require general anaesthetic. Although it can sometimes cause temporary stomach sensitivity and nausea, modern anaesthetic is effective and safe and most patients do not experience any side effects. Dr. Lyon will assess your suitability with anaesthetic prior to your procedure.
Recovery varies with each person but usually takes between 3-4 weeks. We will guide you on how to care for your body post operation including symptoms to be aware of and whether you require medication to aid healing and decrease risk of infection. We encourage follow up appointments with Dr Lyon so he can monitor your healing progress.
Although scarring is inevitable with any invasive surgery, Dr Lyon is highly trained in minimising scars and keeping them as inconspicuous as possible by locating incisions along natural skin creases and boxer and bikini lines. If you are prone to scarring, advise him during your preliminary consultations, however in the majority of cases these scars will fade with time.


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Pseudotropheus livingstonii (Syn.: Maylandia livingstonii, Metriaclima livingstonii) ist eine kleine Buntbarschart, die endemisch im ostafrikanischen Malawisee vorkommt. Die Art wurde zu Ehren des schottischen Afrikaforschers David Livingstone benannt, der den See auf der Suche nach den Quellen des Sambesi 1859 erreichte und "Lake Nyasa" nannte.

Aussehen
Männliche Pseudotropheus livingstonii erreichen eine Maximallänge von 14 cm, Weibchen bleiben etwas kleiner. Sie sind relativ hochrückig und seitlich stark abgeflacht. Die Männlichen Fische sind blau, mit gelb gesäumter Rücken- und Afterflosse, gelber Schwanzflosse und gelber Kehle. An der Afterflosse befinden sich mehrere gelbe Flecken. Eine Zeichnung von schwarzen bis dunkelblauen Streifen verläuft senkrecht über den ganzen Körper. Die Weibchen sind unscheinbar mit gelb-braunen unpaaren Flossen.

Lebensweise
Pseudotropheus livingstonii lebt über reinen Sandflächen in Bereichen, wo Schneckengehäuse der Apfelschneckengattung Lanistes zu finden sind. Die Schneckengehäuse nutzen die Fische jedoch nur als Versteck und nicht als Laichplatz, wie die im Tanganjikasee endemischen Schneckenbuntbarsche. Pseudotropheus livingstonii pflegt seine Brut als Maulbrüter. Die Brutdauer beträgt 16 Tage. Beim Verlassen des elterlichen Mauls sind die Jungfische relativ klein. Pseudotropheus livingstonii ernährt sich von wirbellosen Tieren, die im Sand aufgespürt werden, und von Detritus.

Literatur
 Hans J. Mayland: Der Malawi-See und seine Fische. Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover, 1982, ISBN 3-7842-0257-8.
 Erwin Schraml: Maylandia livingstonii (Boulenger, 1899). In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): Das große Lexikon der Aquaristik. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9, S. 622 f.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Haplochromine Buntbarsche
Haplochromini

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Frequently Asked Questions: Can I Keep My Own Bank Account for My Property?
Blog Home Retail Industry Trends Frequently Asked Questions: Can I Keep My Own Bank Account for My Property?
In our ongoing Frequently Ask Questions series, we've covered How Much Does Property Management Cost?, What Services Does Property Management Include? and How Often Will a Manager Visit My Property?
So, what's next on the list?
Can I Keep My Own Bank Account (for the property the management company is to oversee)?
Another great question! And certainly, a prudent consideration for any commercial real estate investor.
You own a shopping center in partnership with several parties, and the group has collectively agreed to process all property finances through a specific bank.
You financed the purchase of your shopping center, and the lender requires that all property finances be processed through a specific bank (usually the institution making the purchase loan).
Well, the good news is in either case, CBM can accommodate your situation!
When taking on a new property management account, we open a property trust account through our preferred bank.
== > We have a long-standing relationship with our bank and hold tens of millions of dollars in deposits with the bank, which entitles us to individualized attention and preferential treatment.
== > After so many years in partnership with our bank, we're well versed in their procedures. And they're similarly acquainted with our processes. This ensures transactions run smoothly, with no surprises, or unexpected bumps in the road.
With all of the above said, however, holding a property trust account with our bank is merely an option. Not a requirement.
We can, and often do, work with many landlords to accommodate trust accounts at any bank.
Our lead accountant will interface with bank administers and establish our depositing and payment processing in accordance with that institution's protocols. And given that we process tenant rent and CAM payments via ClickPay.com (an online automated payment portal), our accountant will ensure this payment portal integrates seamlessly with a landlord's bank of choice.


At Blenheim, we prioritise relationships. We are a community comprised of many stakeholders and it is the strength of relationships that underpins the work we do. As teachers, we get to teach for the remainder of our careers but students get one chance to ensure they achieve the qualifications they need to open doors and to learn the values and characteristics to cooperate, and compete, in an ever-changing and smaller world. Strong, trusting relationships with our students helps inform the quality of teaching and learning they receive.
Our most recent school production, 'The Wizard of Oz', was a great example with almost 200 current and ex-students of all ages and backgrounds contributing to a wonderful spectacle at the Leatherhead Theatre. The experience will live long in the memory of those young people, build an ongoing legacy in the performing arts and give students first-hand experience of contributing to something much bigger than themselves.
Clear, frequent and straightforward communication with parents is vital so that students, parents and teachers understand where students are in their learning. Academic tutoring days involve three way conversations with student, parent and teacher ensuring all parties are clear about the 'way forward'. Parents' evenings and Headteacher presentations throughout the year ensure that dialogue is alive and well. All students are expected to attend all parents' evenings.
Curriculum and pastoral practices have been reviewed and improved for this academic year. In the curriculum, students are in receipt of bespoke branded exercise books, communicating clear messages and prioritising well researched practices that will ensure Blenheim students are in the best possible place as they progress through school. At the same time the student experience is complemented by iPads which help ensure an individualised learning experience. A new team of teaching Heads of Year, Pastoral Facilitators and an Attendance Officer co-operate to ensure the best deployment of resources ensuring that students' academic progress, well-being, safety, health and attendance are prioritised. A comprehensive rewards system recognises commitment, effort and achievement both inside and outside the classroom.
It is never too soon to begin thinking about the future and as an Investor in Careers award holder, we offer a structured careers education programme, individual careers interviews, mentoring, employer led events, school online careers information portal and a range of activities and trips throughout the academic year. One of our sayings when it comes to careers is that, whatever the future holds, 'you will never regret getting some great GCSE results…'.
Our Sixth Form has been frequently rated as good by Ofsted and in 2018, 49% of grades were A*- B.
A balance of traditional, well researched teaching practices coupled with innovative ICT based opportunities ensures that the learning experience is both secure and personalised. Our curriculum is well balanced and the options process allows students to appropriately specialise as they move through Blenheim.
A comprehensive curriculum review took place in the early part of 2017-18, analysing the merits of moving to a three-year Key Stage 4 curriculum to ensure that students' curriculum learning is maximised by analysing the components of the school day. This was subsequently put into place in September 2018.
Each student carries a school diary to note down homework and to be used as a medium for communication with home. By carrying a diary, communication between the triangle of home, school and student is maximised with the student at the centre of the process.


Manufacturing businesses, with their many connections, represent one of the greatest opportunities for those who can help them. Manufacturing executives will be coming from across the nation to the Dallas area for the 2019 Smart Manufacturing Summit. Texas Consilium and University of North Texas expect to add hundreds more Texas manufacturing CEOs, speakers, panelists and other key business leaders for our Opening Night Dinner, Monday, May 13, 2019. If you support manufacturers in Texas or nationwide, this will be a leadership gathering for you!
Chief Executive Group is the publisher of Chief Executive magazine, a national bi-monthly publication that reaches 91% of the CEOs who run companies with more than $50 million per year and represent 70.2% of the private economy in the U.S. We expect that our event attendance will draw from throughout this group, with an added focus on Texas business leaders and the manufacturing industry.
Check out the great benefits available and choose the level most appropriate for you. This is not just an event — it's the start of some long-term relationships. Would you like to host visiting CEOs or other top leaders at your sponsored tables? Let us know and we can work with you to connect you with the leaders you want to reach. This will be a great opportunity to connect with your customers, clients, members and prospects.
BONUS: With any sponsorship, you and each of your registered sponsorship guests will also receive a complimentary 12-month subscription to D CEO magazine, courtesy of our media partner D CEO. A $54 value per guest, free.
Questions? Please contact Marcos Pustilnik, Sponsorship Team Leader, 800-892-2466 x7104 or by email. For more about the 2019 Smart Manufacturing Summit & Opening Night Dinner, click HERE.
To submit your sponsorship subscription online and pay by credit card, please click HERE.
Ryan's value proposition is far greater than the industry-leading tax recovery services that they are internationally recognized for. They're also focused on your overall tax performance—providing innovative solutions to the underlying causes of the errors they identify—and creating greater opportunities to measure and improve your efficiency, develop a more strategic approach to tax, and deliver outstanding value to improve the tax savings for your business.


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Article 2(4) of the UN Charter: Alive and Well
Author: Mihir Kanade
Category: Essay
The establishment of the United Nations in 1945 saw the prelude to the 'New World Order'[1], based on the principle of 'sovereign equality'[2] of all nations. The UN Charter proclaims as one of its principal purposes the maintenance of international peace and security.[3] This objective manifests itself quite vividly in Article 2(4) of the Charter, which mandates all its members to 'refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.' The principle enshrined in Article 2(4) runs through the entire Charter like a golden thread weaving together all the other provisions.
However, within twenty-five years of the proclamation of the UN Charter, scholars began claiming that the continued use of force by the international community has led to the death of Article 2(4).[4] Ever since the UN Charter came into force, the world has on several occasions witnessed the use of force by countries for varied reasons. The NATO military action in Kosovo, the U.S. American action in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Russian invasion of Afghanistan and recently, actions in Georgia, Israel's military actions in the Middle East, Uganda's actions in DRC, North Korea's invasion of South Korea, are, amongst other examples, all eloquent enough to show that States have indeed used force in their international relations. Backed by this factual matrix, today, the voices sounding the death-knell for Article 2(4) appear to have only grown.[5] These death certificates have been issued by scholars for two different reasons. Some scholars claim that Article 2(4) has simply failed to prevent what it so solemnly aimed to do – the use of force in international relations, and as such, the said provision has been rendered meaningless and outdated.[6] Others press into service a different argument that continued use of force by countries has given rise to a new set of customary international rules, thereby rendering the provisions of Article 2(4) otiose and nugatory.[7]
In this essay, I seek to demonstrate that both these arguments are fallacious, being founded on fundamentally erroneous premises regarding both the purpose of international law and the interpretation thereof. The essay is divided into four parts. The first part is the Introduction. The second part demonstrates why the arguments that Article 2(4) has failed to serve its purpose are erroneous. The third part deals with the incorrect arguments regarding emergence of new rules of customary international law governing the 'use of force'. Finally, in the last part, I make some conclusions based on my analysis.
The purpose of Article 2(4).
As mentioned supra, many scholars have argued that Article 2(4) was introduced with the sole purpose of ensuring that countries do not use force in their international relations, and that empirical evidence into the number of times force has been used in breach of Article 2(4), has rendered that very purpose meaningless. The argument is that Article 2(4) has failed to achieve its lofty objective and, as such, the provision has lost all its meaning and is outdated.[8] In order to dispel this argument, it would only be apt at this juncture, to take a step back and look at the history of Article 2(4).
Since earliest times, states have employed military force to pursue their political and economic objectives.[9] Grotius, as long back as in the fifteenth century, articulated three justifiable causes (under the Just War theory) for States to use force – defence, recovery of property and punishment.[10] Oppenheim has pointed out that in the absence of an international organ for enforcing law, war was a means of self-help for giving effect to claims based or alleged to be based on International Law. According to him, "such was the legal and moral authority of this notion of war as an arm of the law that in most cases in which war was in fact resorted to in order to increase the power and possessions of a State at the expense of others, it was described by the States in question as undertaken for the defence of a legal right."[11] Under this rule, States engaged in the use of force for vindication or for securing legal rights such as recovery of property or arbitral awards.[12] Traditional customary law even permitted states to use force by means of reprisals if certain conditions were met, viz. that there must have been a prior deliberate violation of international law; that an unsuccessful attempt must have been made at redress; and that the actions taken in reprisal must be proportionate to the injury suffered.[13]
It was in this backdrop, that the WWI presented the international community with the opportunity of reappraisal of the law governing use of force. Thus, by virtue of Articles 15 and 16 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, resort to 'war' by a member was deemed to be ipso facto war against all the other members of the League. However, the provisions stopped short of outrightly prohibiting use of force or even war. Thus, war continued to be an unprohibited instrument of national policy[14], till the Kellogg-Briandt Pact of 1928 was entered into in which war was in fact expressly outlawed as an instrument of national policy.[15]
However, neither the League of Nations nor the Kellogg-Briandt pact was able to prevent the 'scourge of war' that the world witnessed during the WWII. Thus, under the framework of the United Nations, it was thought necessary to introduce Article 2(4) in the Charter, making it illegal to use or even threaten to use force against the territorial integrity and political independence of another State, or in any manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the UN. It may be worthwhile to mention that Article 2(4) is preceded by a provision in Article 2(3) which mandates all States to settle their mutual disputes in a peaceful manner in order to secure international peace and security and justice. Thus, Article 2(4) is a logical complement of Article 2(3) and vice versa.
The Charter did not also intend to impose a complete and comprehensive ban on the use of force by member States. Two exceptions were expressly carved out in the Charter itself, those being the 'inherent' right to individual and collective self-defence recognized by Article 51 of the Charter and enforcement measures involving the use of force sanctioned by the Security Council under Chapter VII thereof. In recent times, more doctrinal exceptions to Article 2(4) such as anticipatory self defence (especially after the events of 9/11) and humanitarian intervention (NATO in Former Yugoslavia) have been pressed into service by some countries, reference to which would be made in the ensuing paragraphs.
In this historical backdrop, the question that begs attention is what is it that Article 2(4) really sought to achieve? What difference did it seek to make in the New World Order that was absent before its incorporation? The first answer to these questions is that it expanded the prohibition of military action from 'war' to 'use of force' and even to 'threat of use of force'. This prohibition was a paradigm shift from the earlier rules governing use of force. I have demonstrated hereinabove, that use of force was hitherto legal, even for issues like recovery of property or in some cases, reprisals. Thus, with the introduction of Article 2(4), a rule of International Law was introduced for the first time making it illegal for States to use or threaten to use force, for any reasons other than the permissible exceptions. This principle has not only been recognized as a rule of international law, but has now achieved the status of a jus cogens norm – a peremptory norm of International Law from which no deviation is permissible. This was not only expressed by the International Law Commission as far back as in 1966[16], but has also been recognized as such by the International Court of Justice in the Nicaragua case.[17] Moreover, Article 103 of the Charter expressly states that obligations under the Charter would supersede obligations under any other international agreement. Finally, the International Court of Justice in the Nicaragua case held that the prohibition of use of force is now a part of the body of Customary International Law also.[18]
The composite effect of the aforesaid is that the prohibition of use of force has firmly been established as a rule of international law, deviation from which is permitted only in accordance with the exceptions mentioned supra. This fact of 'attribution of illegality' to any action in breach of Article 2(4) cannot be undermined, even in the face of several instances of breaches thereof by States. The argument that Article 2(4) has failed to prohibit use of force by States is an argument which rests on the premise that International Law is supposed to ensure that the rules are followed in all cases. This leads us to the rather philosophical and jurisprudential question of what is the role of international law in international society? This question must be answered by drawing the analogy of domestic laws. Domestic laws are framed to provide a binding code for normative behaviour, any breach of which entails legal consequences. The fact that such laws are framed prohibiting an action, does not mean that the prohibited actions are in fact not carried out in society. It merely means that such actions are illegal and are liable for consequences. Similar is the situation in International Law. The role of Article 2(4) is to provide a normative rule for prohibition of use of force in international relations within the ambit of the qualifying provisions, and that a breach thereof is not only illegal but subject to the right of an actionable claim at the behest of the aggrieved State. Again, as in the national sphere, legal rules are only one among a variety of factors that may influence behaviour.[19]
A note must be made here of the Realist school of thinking which makes a distinction between the role of International Law and Domestic Law. Michael Glennon, one of the more vociferous protagonists of the Realist school, believes that International Law is based on 'consent', whereas domestic law is based on 'coercion'.[20] Thus, according to him, it is incorrect to compare the normative values of rules of international law and that of domestic law. Assuming that such dismissal of the Naturalist and Positivist schools is correct, it must be said that as long as international laws have binding value and entail legal consequences for breach thereof, these rules serve their purpose. In any legal system, international or domestic, breaking the law does not make the law disappear.[21] I, therefore, submit that Article 2(4) fulfills that purpose and is not outdated and meaningless, simply because States have actually used force. If the objections mentioned above are to be accepted, no rule of international law can be said to be meaningful and alive, because there always have been breaches of these rules.
In this context, to fortify my argument, reference may be made to the observations of the ICJ in the Nicaragua case that instances of state conduct inconsistent with a general rule should normally be treated as breaches of that rule, not an indication of the recognition of a new rule.[22] Although, the aspect of whether a new rule has been established by virtue of these breaches would be dealt with in the next part, this observation assumes significance in the broader context of the above discussion of what role does international law play insofar as its normative value is concerned.
The aforesaid objections to the utility of Article 2(4) have been fed in large parts due to the evolving doctrinal debates in International Law governing the use of force, such as humanitarian interventions, unilateral actions for protecting nationals in other countries and anticipatory or pre-emptive self-defence. The legality of each of these uses of force has been the subject of much debate amongst international scholars, particularly in the teeth of examples where such force has been used without sanction of the Security Council under Chapter VII. The use of force by NATO in Kosovo on purported humanitarian grounds, the use of force by Israel in Entebbe, Uganda, to rescue its own citizens, the use of force by US America in Iraq and recently, the use of force by Russia in Georgia on purported humanitarian grounds (or arguably in self-defence) have all been without sanction of the Security Council as is mandated by Chapter VII. However, without entering into the debate concerning legality of each of these actions, what is of utmost importance to notice is that none of the countries engaged in the use of force attempted to claim that Article 2(4) is redundant. Each of them, on the other hand, justified their use of force on some or the other exceptions permitted under the Charter and claimed that they had not breached Article 2(4). For instance, NATO action in the Kosovo was sought to be justified on the ground that such action was purely a humanitarian intervention.[23] As such, it did not breach the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, nor was it in breach of the Purposes of the UN, and therefore, was not in breach of Article 2(4). It was, in fact, an action for humanitarian purposes, something which member states have been obliged to follow under the Purposes of the UN. This justification is a departure from the traditionally accepted two exceptions and is an attempt to carve out a third exception based purely on the interpretation of Article 2(4). For the purposes of this paper, it is not necessary to test the validity of this argument. However, the fact remains that either way, no one ever claimed that the prohibition of use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of another State has become redundant.
Similarly, the US American action in Iraq was sought to be justified on the grounds of anticipatory self-defence.[24] It may be noteworthy to point out that Article 51 gives the right of self-defence only in case an 'armed attack occurs', and not in anticipation of an imminent attack. It has been argued based on the Nicaragua judgement, that Article 51 of the Charter is not an exhaustive code within whose ambit the entire gamut of the right to self defence falls. Individual and Collective self-defence, it has been argued, has been recognized as an 'inherent' right even under Article 51, which leads to a conclusion that the same is part of the customary international law.[25] As such, the Treaty law under Article 51 and customary international law regarding self-defence run parallel to each other and operate in two separate domains. Anticipatory self-defence is therefore, as part of this body of customary international law, not limited by the restrictive language employed in Article 51 of the Charter. Again, without entering into the validity of this argument, it may only be stated that US America did not claim that Article 2(4) is redundant. On the other hand, it sought to justify its actions as a lawful exception to the prohibition of use of force.
The Israeli action in Uganda was justified on the basis of self-defence, in that an attack on its citizens was treated as an attack on Israel itself. Russia justified its actions in Georgia also on the ground that its citizens were being targeted in South Ossetia and Abkazia by the Georgian forces. In the same breath, some other uses of force, notably by Israel against alleged terrorist attacks on it by non-state actors in Lebanon and Palestine may be mentioned. In all these cases, however, some or the other legal justification under the exceptions to Article 2(4) have been put forth.
Many scholars have argued that these justifications on the basis of exceptions are only a camouflage for ascribing legality to patently illegal acts committed with intent abusive to Article 2(4). However, Higgins makes a good point in answer to this argument that we cannot lose sight of the fact that we live in a decentralized international legal order, where claims may be made either in good faith or abusively.[26] She adds that we delude ourselves if we think that the role of norms is to remove the possibility of abusive claims ever being made. The role of norms, she points out, is the achievement of values for the common good. This view presented by Higgins only lends credence to the arguments put forth by me.
I argue that in view of the above, Article 2(4) still serves the purpose it was deemed to serve. In fact, I argue that by claiming adherence to Article 2(4), the belligerent States have only reinforced the validity of the provision. Even on an empirical and statistical level, majority of the community of States have adhered to the provisions of Article 2(4) meticulously for solving their international disputes. As stated supra, exceptions by few states must be treated as breaches of the rule, and not as a death certificate for the rule itself. In the language of Henkin who eloquently rebutted the claims of legicide of Article 2(4) presented by Dr. Franck, "the purpose of Article 2(4) was to establish a norm of national behaviour and to help deter violation of it. ….. The sense that war is not done has taken hold, and nations more readily find that their interests do not require use of force at all."[27]
New Customary International Law.
Recently, a new set of arguments, rather novel, has been put forth that continued use of force by States purportedly on the grounds of unilateral humanitarian intervention and anticipatory self-defence has led to the creation of new customary laws to that effect.[28] These arguments rest on the foundation that State practice has resulted in creating customary international law which does not necessarily confirm to the wordings of Article 2(4) and Article 51 of the Charter. As a result, Article 2(4) has been rendered otiose and nugatory.
Let us take the example of unilateral NATO action in Kosovo on humanitarian grounds without the sanction of the Security Council, and assume that this has led to the creation of new customary international law. This argument is significant because it presupposes that the humanitarian intervention cannot be justified on the basis of Article 2(4) and therefore, must find legality in customary international law. Scholtz argues that 'unilateral' humanitarian intervention is in breach of Article 2(4).[29] However, discussing the legality thereof is not the purpose of this essay. What is of importance to this analysis is the claim that the emergence of this new customary international law permitting unilateral humanitarian intervention, has resulted in acceptance of a law that is in breach of Article 2(4) and therefore, Article 2(4) is outdated. I argue that even with all the assumptions made in the opening sentence of this paragraph, this does not necessarily lead to a conclusion that Article 2(4) is rendered meaningless by emergence of this new customary rule of law.
If humanitarian intervention, whether unilateral or sanctioned by the Security Council, is really for humanitarian purposes, then it is not against the territorial integrity or political independence or Purposes of the UN. As such, it is not, by itself, in breach of Article 2(4). The question of legality or illegality of a unilateral humanitarian intervention is, in my view, concerned not with Article 2(4), but with the procedural requirements of Chapter VII. Thus, assuming that there is the emergence of this new customary rule of international law, it does not in any way conflict with Article 2(4), such as to render it nugatory.
Similarly, assuming that a new set of customary international law has emerged with respect to anticipatory self-defence, the same would be a rule which runs parallel to Article 51 of the Charter which deals with self defence. This new customary rule would then be a valid exception to Article 2(4) and cannot by any stretch of imagination be said to render it meaningless or outdated.
The Realist school of thinkers have gone even a step further in proclaiming that Article 2(4) has by virtue of its repeated breach, ceased to be obligatory and has become 'desuetude'.[30] A rule's abandonment through non-enforcement or non-compliance is known as 'desuetude'. Glennon, the champion of this school, argues that where a rule of International Law has been repeatedly disregarded by a significant number of States over a long period of time, there is no longer reason to believe that States feel obliged to comply with that rule. Applying this logic to Article 2(4), he argues that severe non-compliance over a period of time by a significant number of States has resulted in its 'desuetude'. He backs this logic by arguing that if the community of nations behaves as though rules do not exist, then they do not exist; and if they do not exist, they are not binding. Thus, he claims that by virtue of 'desuetude', Article 2(4) has opened itself up to be supplanted either by 'no rule' or by the international law's default rule, the 'freedom principle' by virtue of which anybody can do whatever they please.
He claims that neither he, nor Dr. Franck, are alone in thinking along these lines. Thus, Jean Combacau has concluded that "the international community no longer believes in the system of the Charter… and is in fact back where it was in 1945: in the state of nature."[31] Richard Falk has opined that "the decline of normative restraint can be seen in the broadening of the definition of self-defence and in the increasing resort to unilateral force by sovereign States. A consequence of this is to convert the rules of behaviour embedded in the UN Charter into aspirational norms."[32] Anthony Arned has observed that "through customary practice, States have withdrawn their consent from Article 2(4); the argument that it is still in force, denies the dynamic nature of International Law".[33]
I argue that the edifice of these arguments is built on an entirely erroneous foundation, the weakness whereof must necessarily bring down the whole structure. First, the argument completely loses sight of the fact that Article 2(4) is jus cogens and is not susceptible to change unless it is replaced by a new peremptory rule enjoying the same status of jus cogens. None of the Realists have suggested that State practice contrary to Article 2(4) has created such a jus cogens norm. What they claim is 'desuetude'; that there is either 'no rule' or there is 'freedom principle'. In other words, I argue that jus cogens norms are not subject to the rule of desuetude.
Second, there is no international support to the argument that the principle of 'desuetude' applies to International Law, except for some US American scholars like Glennon.[34]
Thirdly, assuming that the principle applies to international law, the fact is that not one country has ever accepted that its actions are in breach of Article 2(4). As such, there is no basis for presuming that Article 2(4) has been severely not complied with by States.
Fourthly, the assumption that a 'significant' number of states have 'severely not complied with' the principles of Article 2(4) is without any basis. The facts, by all empirical evidence, are to the contrary.
Lastly, to my mind, the whole argument with respect to Article 2(4) falling into 'desuetude' is erroneous because it fails to take into account the dynamic nature of international law (ironically, the very ground which Arned uses to say that Article 2(4) has become 'desuetude'). For a rule to become 'desuetude' by way of continuous non-compliance or non-enforcement, it must only be logical that States must at all times be ad idem on what the rule is. It is only that accepted 'interpretation of the rule' that can become 'desuetude'. If different States adopt different interpretations of Article 2(4) to justify or outlaw some non-traditional actions such as humanitarian intervention, then the rule is subject to dynamic interpretation or the process of 'accretion'. In that case, there is a serious dispute as to what constitutes violation of the rule. If that be so, it does not make much sense to claim that a rule of law prescribing a violation has become 'desuetude' by virtue of non-compliance, when States themselves do not agree on what is non-compliance. What process of reasoning justifies an inference that disputed non-compliance of disputed interpretations of Article 2(4), is without dispute? Interestingly, Glennon himself agrees that 'in reality, the Charter's use-of-force rules are extremely malleable and vast differences of opinion exist as to what constitutes a violation'.[35] It does not appear logical to say in the same breath, that the same 'unclear' rules have 'clearly' become 'desuetude'.
Under the circumstances, I argue that the claims that Article 2(4) has become meaningless or outdated because a new set of customary rules has emerged, or that it has passed into 'desuetude', are erroneous.
In conclusion, it may be said that Article 2(4) continues to bear meaning and utility in the context of the ever changing world. The 2004 report titled 'A More Secure World' issued by the High Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change appointed by Kofi Annan, Kofi Annan's own document 'In Larger Freedom' and the Outcome document of the World Summit 2005, are all in consensus that no change in the UN Charter provisions relating to use of force is necessary, and that they are adequate to meet the new threats.[36] Of course, the new threats of terrorism, involvement of non-state actors in cross border warfare and nuclear proliferation, all present new challenges to the world community. But there is nothing in the provisions of Articles 2(4) and 51 to suggest that these threats cannot be adequately dealt with within the framework of the existing provisions.
Footnote: [1]Roosevelt, January 1941, quoted in Sampson and Chambers, Developing Countries and the WTO, United Nations University Press, 2008, at page 192.
[2] Article 2(1) of the UN Charter.
[4] Franck, Thomas – Who killed Article 2(4)? or Changing norms governing the use of force by States, Centre for International Studies, New York University, 1970.
[5] Glennon, Michael – How International Rules Die , Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 93, p. 939, 2005
[9] Higgins, Rosalyn – International Law and How We Use it, Chapter 14, The Individual Use of Force in International Law, 1998, at page 238.
[10] Grotius – Book II, De jure belli ac pais, Chapter I, ss. 1.4 and 2 ; Chapter 2, s. 13: quoted in Ibid. 9.
[11] Oppenheim, International Law, Vol. 2, 1952 at Page 177-78: quoted in Damrosch, Henkin, Pugh, Schachter and Smit – International Law, Cases and Materials, American Casebook Series, 2001, at page 923.
[12] Schachter, Oscar – International Law in Theory and Practice, page 110-113: quoted in Damrosch, Henkin, Pugh, Schachter and Smit – International Law, Cases and Materials, American Casebook Series, 2001, at page 939.
[13]9, at Page 240.
[14]11
[15]9
[16] Yearbook of International Law Commission, Edition 1966, Volume 2, at Page 247.
[17] International Court of Justice, Nicaragua vs. United States, I.C.J. Reports 1986, Page 14, at Paragraph 190, Page 871. Also see – Linderfalk, Ulf – European Journal of International Law, Vol. 18, Issue 5, pp. 853-871, 2007
[18]17, at paragraph 185, Page 870.
[19] Gray, C. – International Law and the Use of Force, Page 25
[20] Ibid 5
[21] Slaughter, Anne-Marie – Misreading the Record, Foreign Aff., July-Aug 2003, at 202, 203
[22] Ibid 17, at Paragraph 186, Page 870.
[23] Gazzini – 2002 European Journal of International Law, at Pages 391-435.
[24] See O'Connell – http://www.asil.org/taskforce/oconnell.pdf , retrieved on 30 April 2009.
[27] Henkin – The reports of death of Article 2(4) are greatly exaggerated, The American Journal of International Law, 1971, Volume 65, Page 544.
[28] See Scholtz W, The Changing Rules of Jus ad bellum: Conflicts in Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan, PER 2004(2) Pages 1-37.
[29] Ibid 28.
[30] Ibid 5.
[31] Combacau, Jean – The Exception of Self-Defence in United Nations Practice, The Current Legal Regulation of the Use of Force, Page 32.
[32] Falk, Richard – Revitalizing International Law, page 96 (1989)
[33] Arend, Anthony – Legal Rules and International Society, Page 76 (1999)
[34] O'Connell, Mary – Customary International Law on the Use of Force: The UN Charter, practice and opinio juris, www.addix.it/internazionale/relazioni/Connell.pdf , retrieved on 29 April 2009.
[35] Ibid 5, at Page 963.
[36]19, at Page 4.
Bio: Mihir Kanade has been a lawyer for five years practicing principally before the Supreme Court of India and the Bombay High Court. He holds a Master in International Law and the Settlement of Disputes from the University for Peace
AfghanistanDomestic LawGeorgiaInternational LawIraqIsraelJusticeKosovoNATONicaraguaRussiaSecurity CouncilUgandaUnited NationsWater Security


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Good Karma Foods Appoints New CEO
Plant-based milk and dairy company Good Karma Foods has a new leader. The Boulder, Colo.-based producer announced the hiring of Mike Murray as its new CEO.
Murray brings more than 25 years of CPG experience to his latest role. He joins Good Karma from Teton Waters Ranch, where he helped that regeneratively-raised beef solutions become the fastest-growing natural dinner sausage brand. His background includes leadership positions at Free2b Foods, So Delicious Dairy Free, WhiteWave Foods Co. and Larabar.
[Read more: "Outpost Natural Foods General Manager to Depart"]
"I am looking forward to leveraging my experience and passion for galvanizing food system change to help the team bring Good Karma's portfolio of delicious and sustainable plant-based solutions to more households," said Murray. "Our team has a compelling opportunity to build upon the strong equity of Good Karma to deliver a variety of solutions that help people do good every single day with their consumption choices."
In addition to onboarding a new CEO, Good Karma announced that it is set to complete a fresh round of funding to accelerate growth. The company is backed by investors such as Valor Siren Ventures and Loft Growth Partners.
"Even in light of inflationary pressures, families continue to flock to plant-based categories and segments, and Good Karma's unique value proposition – combining the best of plants to provide unparalleled nourishment like no other – continues to show exciting promise," remarked Brian King, Good Karma's chairman of the board. "As our investors renew their partnership with Good Karma, and Mike joins the team, we are all looking forward to the brand realizing its leadership position in a variety of growing plant-based categories."
New Jersey's Grant Program Helps Food Retailers Offer Pickup Services in Food Deserts
In an effort to improve food access, the New Jersey Economic Development Authority (NJEDA) has unveiled a $2.5 million pilot program that provides funding for food retailers in New Jersey to purchase self-contained, temperature-controlled lockers and install them for food deliveries in the state's food desert communities.
Through the use of refrigerated lockers, the Food Retail Innovation in Delivery Grant (FRIDG) program will help to increase the availability of nutritious food in food desert communities while assisting food retailers to adapt to new business models that can help sustain their businesses.
[Read more: "Chicago Indie Grocer Wins $50K to Fight Food Deserts"]
According to the NJEDA website, refrigerated locker units must be placed within a designated food desert community, and may be installed near local organizations, such as food banks and community centers that are convenient for residents of the community and a place where residents facing food insecurity may already access services. This model will also give these residents the ability to order online and have groceries delivered to a convenient central location without having to travel long distances to reach food retailers, as many residents without a nearby grocer are currently forced to do.
Grants will cover between 30% and 50% of the total project cost (inclusive of locker purchase, delivery and installation), up to $250,000.
The program is open to food retailers authorized by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service (USDA FNS) to accept Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits for online ordering.
Specialty Food Association to Recognize Indie as Outstanding Buyer
Six leaders in the specialty food world, including Dwight Richmond, director of center store at independent grocer Town & Country Markets, will be recognized by the Specialty Food Association (SFA) at the trade organization's upcoming 2023 Winter Fancy Food Show. In recognition of their contributions to the specialty food industry, the honorees will receive their 2023 Leadership Awards during the show on Monday, Jan. 16, at 4 p.m.
[Read more: "What Are the Top Specialty Food Trends for 2023?"]
Richmond will be recognized in the Outstanding Buyer category, which was added this year, along with Emerging Leader. Before coming to Town & Country, which operates six stores in Washington state, he worked at such retailers as Whole Foods Market, The Fresh Market, Earth Fare, and Dean & Deluca. Richmond also worked in distribution at KeHE and Cavallero Specialty Foods, and as a broker at CA Fortune.
The other Leadership Award honorees are as follows:
• Sustainability: Mike Noonan, Bitchin' Sauce
• Citizenship: Luke Schneider, Fire Department Coffee
• Vision: David Kemp, Village Gourmet/Les Trois Petits Cochons
• Emerging Leader (tie): Dani Zuchovicki, The Hatchery; David Schmunk, African Dream Foods
"The specialty food industry is full of inspiring individuals advancing their businesses and making a difference in the world," said Denise Purcell, VP, resource development for the New York-based SFA, which represents manufacturers, importers, retailers, distributors, brokers and others in the specialty food industry. "We expanded the scope of our Leadership Awards to recognize even more of these remarkable business leaders."
Slated to take place Jan. 15-17, 2023, in Las Vegas, the 2023 Winter Fancy Food Show is the largest B2B-only specialty food and beverage show in the U.S.