In wake of protest across the state over the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2019, Assam Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal said that under the Narendra Modi Government's motto Sabka Saath, Sabaka Vikash, all-round development of tribal people of the country has been given due importance.
Sonowal had earlier stated that granting Scheduled Tribe (ST) status to six communities of the state would be finalised without affecting the rights and privileges of the existing ST communities. The ST Bill 2019 failed to clear in the Rajya Sabha on January 9th, 2019.
After Prime Minister Modi, Acting Finance Minister Piyush Goyal and Union Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Assam Minister also quoted 'josh' – the dialogue, which has now become a popular catchphrase, from the latest Bollywood blockbuster Uri: The Surgical Strike. "The 'josh' was high at the @BJP4STMorcha National #TribalMahaAdhiveshan at Puri, Odisha (sic)," Sonowal tweeted.
Uri has been hailed as the fastest movie to score Rs 100 crore at the box office. The film, starring actors Vicky Kaushal and Yami Gautam, is based on the surgical strikes carried out by the Indian forces in Pakistan in 2016. "How's the Josh?" from the film Uri, which went insanely viral is not merely a line, it is an "emotion," wrote Vicky on his Instagram profile, in which he thanked his fans for all the love.
The 'Josh' was high at the @BJP4STMorcha National #TribalMahaAdhiveshan at Puri, Odisha.
Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh had assured that a Bill will soon be introduced in the Parliament to grant ST status to 6 communities which include Koch Rajbongshi, Tai Ahom, Chutia, Moran, Matak and tea tribes of the state.
It may be mentioned that the Centre's plan for the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2019, has evoked anger among tribal communities in Assam. The All Bodo Students' Union also opposed the Centre's move to grant Scheduled Tribes (ST) status to the six communities.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Today's hours — All Day Open
Merchandise & Resources
Luz M Calero
February 23, 1924 - December 1, 2018
Our mom, Luz Maria Calero, passed to be with the Lord on this Saturday, December 1st, 2018. She was a devoted mother, grandmother, great-grandmother, sister, Titi, and friend. We are grateful for all the love and support all have shown her over her 94 years. She was born in 1924. She left Aguadilla, Puerto Rico with her sister, Margot, in 1946 to make a new life for themselves. She arrived in El Barrio (East Harlem) NY, and worked as a seamstress in the garment industry. She married in 1950, but her husband was drafted during wartime, and they soon after divorced. So, in essence, she was a single mom, always struggling to support her two children, while working in many different factories. We lived in the South Bronx—3 of us, until she returned to PR for about 3 years. She returned to NY and lived with me, her daughter, Luly, to help raise granddaughter Lara, when Luly became a single mom. When, new son-in-law Bobby came into our lives, she moved with us to Rockland County, NY where she lived for 30 years. She also helped to raise granddaughter, Kristina. In 2015, we all moved to Florida. She loved Florida and always marveled at the Florida sky. I know she is now in heaven and looking down to us from that sky. She is survived by my brother, Miguel Capella, and his children, and my family, the Longobardo's, and our children and grandchildren.
Our mom, Luz Maria Calero, passed to be with the Lord on this Saturday, December 1st, 2018. She was a devoted mother, grandmother, great-grandmother, sister, Titi, and friend. We are grateful for all the love and support all have shown her... View Obituary & Service Information
The family of Luz M Calero created this Life Tributes page to make it easy to share your memories.
Our mom, Luz Maria Calero, passed to be with the Lord on this...
Send flowers to the Calero family.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Listen: Axolotl
Axolotl (ash-ill-lote-ill) is a kind of salamander from Mexico. It's also Karl Bauer's moniker for a one-man noise machine since 2002.
While the means to making his crunchy, tautly layered experiments for Axolotl are constantly evolving, today Karl Bauer achieves his ends with a viola, an "early nineties children's electronic drum kit," a vocoder, a Moog (when he's able to drag it around), "percussion, gongs" and too many effects pedals to list, according to him.
The results are a confrontation between decimated signals that, sent through his tangle of effects, trade their melodic roots for austere layers of distortion, and a stubborn inclusion of clean, supple melodies, as often represented by a Moog as by his own vocals.
He's on the eve of a European tour with Animal Collective, a group whose members he's been friends with "for years," while he just finished off a slot on the Approximately Infinite Universe where he traversed the UK, collaborating each night with Finnish and U.S. noise racketeers. Past collaborators have also included Inca Ore and, currently, Mouthus.
When he comes back to the states, he'll relocate to Brooklyn from his parent's house in Jersey City, where he's been camping out between his constant touring. (On Axolotl? "Mom is proud.")
Mr. Bauer's been kind enough to send us along an early mix of a song that "will appear on my forthcoming as of yet untitled Catsup Plate LP" called "Saturn Conjunct". It's noticeably cleaner and more fixated on undulating rhythmic interplay than the tracks on his Myspace, more at home with Animal Collective's onstage experiments or the loop-based canopies of harmonies constructed by White Rainbow.
Axolotl, "Saturn Conjunct" (early mix)
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J Innate Immun. 2016;8(5):464-78. doi: 10.1159/000447668. Epub 2016 Jul 16.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is a Danger Signal Promoting Innate Inflammatory Responses in Bronchial Epithelial Cells.
Mijošek V1, Lasitschka F, Warth A, Zabeck H, Dalpke AH, Weitnauer M.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that the combined activation of both Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and ER stress might increase inflammatory reactions in otherwise tolerant airway epithelial cells. Indeed, ER stress resulted in an increased response of BEAS-2B and human primary bronchial epithelial cells to pathogen-associated molecular pattern stimulation with respect to IL6 and IL8 production. ER stress elevated p38 and ERK MAP kinase activation, and pharmacological inhibition of these kinases could inhibit the boosting effect. Knockdown of unfolded protein response signaling indicated that mainly PERK and ATF6 were responsible for the synergistic activity. Specifically, PERK and ATF6 mediated increased MAPK activation, which is needed for effective cytokine secretion. We conclude that within airway epithelial cells the combined activation of TLR signaling and ER stress-mediated MAPK activation results in synergistic proinflammatory activity. We speculate that ER stress, present in various chronic pulmonary diseases, boosts TLR signaling and therefore proinflammatory cytokine production, thus acting as a costimulatory danger signal.


text:
Q: Why this code compile but crash when run? Consider the following code:
public class foo{
    static class Node{
        Object item;
        Node next;
        Node(Object item, Node next) {
            this.item = item;
            this.next = next;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Node data = null;
        data = new Node("hello", data);
        data = new Node(5, data);
        while (data!=null){
            String s = (String) data.item;
            System.out.println(s);
        }
    }
}

It's a multiple-choice question and the answer is "this code will compile successfully but crash when run."
Why?
Where does it crash?

A: First, You are casting data.item to String. This will produce:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.Integer cannot be cast to java.lang.String

Second, Variable data is never updated inside of the loop, just like @GBlodgett pointed out.
while (data != null){
    String s = (String) data.item;
    System.out.println(s);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Results showed that ion type and concentration differentially affect the structure — in particular, cell and layer spacing — of both healthy and diseased myelin.
Researchers also showed that elevations in temperature had the same effect, inducing a gradual transition to nano-scale tubes structure at 42ºC (107.6ºF). MBP presence protected myelin layers from this structural transition at physiologically relevant temperatures.
"We have found that under certain environmental conditions, such as elevated salinity and temperature, myelin sheaths protecting neurons undergo structural transitions consistent with pathological myelin structures in multiple sclerosis," Roy Beck, the study's senior author, said in a press release.
"These small modifications create structural instabilities that allow the immune system to attack neurons," Rona Shaharabani, the study's first author, added.
Overall, the team concluded that "environmental conditions, such as buffer salinity and temperature, induce the same pathological phase transition as in the case of the lipid composition in the absence of MBP. These findings demonstrate that several local environmental changes can trigger pathological structural changes," the researchers wrote.
They now are further investigating factors that induce changes in myelin structure. Existing candidates include "specific proteins and other alterations in the myelin's fatty acids that are relevant, which may unravel further insights to fight multiple sclerosis and related disorders," Shaharabani said.
Tagged immune system, Myelin, risk, salinity, salt, structure, temperature.
I hope you answer me soon.
Talk to your nerologist about bachlophen, it addresses spastisity. My wife was diagnosed with ppms in 1989, we had to deal with spasms as well. draw back is that it is metabolozed in the liver and sent out to the whole body, it is a muscle relaxant, so you will lose some strenght and equilibrium. I wish you good luck, MS is terrible but keep your spiirts high!
Have you tried Vegan diet and CBD oil oral spray for spasms?
I also have PPMS and had lost use of most of my body. My single functioning hand was on its way out when my neurologist decided to try Aubagio (never tested for PPMS) for me. Function started to return after 2 or 3 days. I have been on it for 1 month now and my left hand is back, my right hand is improving as is my strength and other muscular systems. You may want to try it.


text:
Chocolaterie pauses online orders following Cambridge store closure
Andra Maciuca
Chris and Greg Smith together with Jimmy Doherty and Jamie Oliver, who appeared on Jamie Oliver's TV show this year. Photo: CONTRIBUTED. - Credit: Archant
A chocolaterie was forced to close its online shop after their suppliers closed earlier this month.
The online closure of Hill Street is the second hit the business has taken recently, after last month it closed its newer store launched in Cambridge just before Christmas last year. The expansion happened following the success of the three-year-old start-up based in Hill Street, Saffron Walden.
The team had been hard at work to fulfil Easter orders up until that point - but announced its online shop would close down just before the Easter weekend until further notice.
The business prompted brothers Chris and Greg Smith to quit their previous jobs and come back to Saffron Walden, where they grew up.
Chris, who lives in Bishop's Stortford, trained in Paris and spent many years as a pastry chef and a chocolatier.
Greg, resident of Newport, trained as an industrial designer, and applies his skills to their chocolate, some of which is 3D.


In today's fast pace of news and information dissemination via social platforms it is important to know when to press brief or not.
In day's gone by, press conferences and press briefings were the norm. It was one of the few ways to access information and visuals in tandem.
Now, with social media outlets, access to information is fast, swift – not always accurately researched – but it is out there to be grabbed!
So when should you consider a press briefing? The first thing to do is ascertain who your target media is and to then assess the information or research to hand that you wish to disseminate.
Secondly is your client actually media friendly? Can they think on their feet, do they know their subject matter?
Thirdly, is it crucial to be presented to media in person and are you likely to get them to attend? Would it 'travel' better through Twitter for example? Would it have more gravitas to be issued via email with visuals attached to the written form.
Is the content open for debate or discussion with journalists, does your client welcome that kind of forum?
I very seldom recommend press briefs unless the content is strong, informative, relevant and that I feel confident I can receive a decent amount of positive responses for the event – nothing worse than your client catering and preparing for an event that delivers two journalists!
I very seldom recommend press briefs unless I have the confidence that my client can deliver the goods, think on their feet, think out of the box and communicate and interact with media representatives irrespective of their demeanor or lack of coming forward by sitting still!
We like our clients to be successful in their media relations because of our success in relating to the trials, tribulations and time constraints facing media in today's quick paced world.
Sue Charlton is the owner of SJC Creative and an Accredited Public Relations Practitioner and member of PRISA (Public Relations Institute of Southern Africa). Sue is also a member of the South African Freelancers Association, SAFREA.


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Home > Evidence and data > Research and reports > State of Natural Resources Report (SoNaRR) for Wales 2020 > SoNaRR2020: Bridges to the future
SoNaRR2020: Transforming the food system
The ecosystem sphere
The economic sphere
The social sphere
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Globally, land use has been identified by the IPBES as one of the big drivers of the nature emergency (Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services)
The food system, in meeting society's nutritional needs, is responsible for many impacts on the environment. Examples include emissions of pollutants, depletion of resources, loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystems in Wales and beyond (The European environment – state and outlook 2020).
Options for making the existing food system more efficient are limited within the ecosystem and economic spheres. It is in the social sphere, with the broad range of action civil society organisations can take, that Wales has the most options for transforming its food system.
The starting point for addressing the environmental impact of the food system lies in changing the way land and seas are managed, with the adoption of more sustainable farming, forestry and fishing practices.
Precision farming, agroecological systems, agroforestry, low-impact silvicultural systems and innovative horticultural systems, are options being looked at to change land use.
Promoting sustainable agricultural and agroecological practices that work with nature, will reduce artificial inputs, leading to a reduction in pollution. While the volume of production may also be reduced, profitability for landowners is often improved due to a reduction in costs (The economic potential of agroecology: Empirical evidence from Europe. Journal of Rural Studies).
Low carbon management practices include:
Precision farming of crops
Preventing soil compaction
Applying biochar
Controlled release fertilisers
These will deliver a range of benefits including improved productivity, improved air, water and soil quality, reduced pests and diseases and improved soil structure. Water and energy-smart production systems will become increasingly important as water scarcity increases and as agriculture seeks ways to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases.
Increased biodiversity-friendly management practices include:
introducing flowering legumes to grasslands
leaving fallow crop margins
planting hedgerows
retaining and increasing areas of semi-natural habitat within and around production systems
Productivity may be positively or negatively affected or be balanced by benefits from improved ecosystem services such as drought tolerance or disease control, depending on the particular agricultural practice.
A refocused food system, and the opportunities for changes agricultural policy post-EU exit, would increase biodiversity in the farmed environment and free up land to expand woodland cover. Similarly, the use of agroforestry and hedgerow expansion, by boosting the numbers of trees and hedges, will sequester carbon and increase ecosystem services, while maintaining the primary purpose of food production.
Action in the economic sphere by both the public and private sectors can help deliver this change.
A range of incentives and regulatory mechanisms have been used to steer the food system to secure a range of public policy objectives, from agri-environment schemes to Environmental Impact Assessment and fish quotas.
Sustainable farming methods offer huge potential and opportunities for farmers and could provide the basis for the transformation of agricultural policy. Sustainable methods not only provide healthier food but also considerably improve farmers' incomes. Studies show that throughout Europe, systems employing a range of more sustainable farming practices delivered between 10 and 110% increase in farm income (Van der Ploeg, and others, 2019)
A focus on improving the measurement of natural resources and the ecosystem services they provide is needed. This can help to better balance the improvement of ecosystem health alongside the provision of food, fibre and public benefits. What a 'good' state for the farmed environment looks like needs to be set out, monitored and modelled.
While natural resource modelling and monitoring to steer land management develops, and the EU exit brings new options for agri-environment support, a wider focus on the other components of the food system is also necessary. To totally transform the food system and do so quickly, focused effort within civil society and the social sphere is necessary.
Looking at the food system, from the perspective of the social sphere, encourages civil society to start engaging in redesigning the food system. This wider view of the production and consumption system considers options such as dietary changes and reducing food waste (The European environment – state and outlook 2020).
Currently farmers and consumers across Europe are targeted by governments and their agencies to deliver change. A wider focus on the social sphere would target other actors in the food industry such as suppliers, retailers and the distribution sector. This could help accelerate progress towards sustainability, as retailers, such as the large supermarkets, have a large influence on the food industry (European Environmental Agency, 2019)
Options to enable changing land use practises, mitigating climate change and securing increased woodland cover and biodiversity, include:
Changing diets
Increasing food production from a smaller area of land
Society reducing its consumption of carbon-intensive foods, such as reducing meat and dairy consumption, would have a positive impact on the carbon balance (Climate Change Committee, 2020). Increased plant production can drive a release of land to support more tree planting or bioenergy crops. These measures imply a shift towards meeting healthy eating guidelines that would also have a positive impact on human health. (Climate Change Committee, 2020)
Cattle, carbon and conservation
Case study - Cattle, carbon and conservation
SoNaRR2020: Transforming the energy system
SoNaRR2020: Transforming the transport system
SoNaRR2020: Glossary (PDF)
Other places in SoNaRR2020: Bridges to the future
SoNaRR2020: Action for people and the planet
SoNaRR2020: Beyond sustainability
SoNaRR2020: Transforming Wales
Changing the way we all live
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text:
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namespace FP\RecipeFinderBundle\Exception;

/**
 * Interface for invalid operator exceptions for the Container class
 */
interface InvalidOperatorExceptionInterface
{
}


text:
Catalan mountains and coast discovery tour
Tailormade tour Catalan mountains and coast discovery tour Spain
Barcelona • La Seu d'Urgell • Costa Brava
This eight-night fly-drive touring holiday is the ideal way to discover the diversity of Catalonia, taking in the vibrant city of Barcelona, the mountain landscapes of the Pyrenees and the rugged beauty of the Costa Brava. Stay in three luxury hotels which all have a unique character and make up the perfect base for exploring the local area.
Colours of the Catalonian flag
Scene from the Spanish Pyrenees
Costa Brava near Palafrugell
Luxury fly-drive touring holiday of Catalonia, discovering the diversity of Catalan cities, mountains and coast
This 8-night fly-drive Catalan discovery touring holiday is the ideal way to explore the differences of Catalonia, featuring city, mountains and coast. Begin this luxury touring holiday with your arrival in Barcelona. Spend two nights in this bustling, dynamic city, exploring its many-faceted quarters, and marvelling at the wealth of astounding architecture and culture. From here, drive north to El Castell de Ciutat in La Seu d'Urgell, situated amidst the rugged scenery of the Pyrenees, and stay for three luxurious nights. Take in the magnificent panoramas whilst traversing the mountains, or absorb the sublime atmosphere of the mountains from the poolside. Next, this tour takes you to the Costa Brava. Stay three nights in S'Agaro on a small peninsula looking over the Bay of Sant Pol, with striking seaside views. Spend your days enjoying the sea air, snorkelling off the rocky coast, and relaxing on golden beaches. Within easy reach of many other seaside villages, as well as the cultural cities of Girona and Figueres, you are perfectly placed to soak up the last of the cultural delights and variety of Catalonia. Finish your tour by returning to Barcelona for your flight back to the UK.
Barcelona • Montjuïc • Museu Picasso • Gaudi's Parc Güell • Monastery of Montserrat • Cardona • La Seu d'Urgell • Vic • Costa Brava • Sa Conca • Girona • Figueres
Day 1 Arrive in Barcelona
Start your Catalan holiday by flying into Barcelona. Take a taxi to the five-star Grand Hotel Central, a sophisticated property located in Barcelona's Gothic quarter just a short distance from the cathedral, where you will stay for two nights. This stop on your luxury touring holiday provides just enough time to explore Barcelona's several diverse quarters.
Begin with Montjuïc, famed for its castle, the tallest landmark in Barcelona. Perhaps also visit the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, featuring a vast collection of Romanesque and Gothic art. Also of interest is the minimalist white building of the Fundació Joan Miró, the landscaped gardens, and the Poble Espanyol. The Gothic quarter might be next on your list. This part of the city is characterised by its maze-like medieval streets, and the beautifully designed buildings. Some of the best shops, and the most beautiful palaces, churches, and squares are nestled into these streets. In La Ribera, the former palaces of merchants have been converted into revered museums, such as the Museu Picasso. This quarter is also home to the fantastically mesmerising interior of the modernist Palau de la Música Catalana. You may also wish to visit the historic Santa Maria del Mar, with its cavernous interior, ochre stone walls, and pillars. El Raval was once one of the most prolific red-light districts in the Mediterranean; but now, this notorious history is almost lost beside the beauty of the Romanesque monastery of Sant Pau, and Antoni Gaudi's enchanting Palau Güell. The Barcelona coast is divided into six Blue Flag beaches and serves some of the best seafood in the city – besides the oysters and street food at La Boqueria market on Las Ramblas. This is the perfect place to pass a lunchtime or early afternoon before taking in more of the sights. Barcelona's most famous quarter is perhaps the Eixample. Riddled with eclectic Modernista architecture, its streets are imprinted with the style of architects such as Antoni Gaudi. For a sweeping view of the best works of this movement, wander down the Passeig de Grácia, and see the Manzana de la Discòrdia, Le Pedrera, and, of course, the magnificent Sagrada Familia. Gaudi's most famous and best-loved work takes the form of Barcelona's temple. Its modified gothic architecture fractures the skyline in a series of elegant spires, while inside the shape of the Sagrada still revolves around the image of the traditional Latin cross. Contrary to popular belief, however, this temple is still inferior in height to the Montjuïc Castle, and therefore visiting both sites is essential to any trip to Barcelona. The Zona Alta, which sits further away from Barcelona's centre, is home to Gaudi's Parc Güell, and Horta's labyrinth, and is therefore ideal for passing an afternoon outside. Complete your stay in Barcelona on Las Ramblas, taking in the lively atmosphere, the music of the buskers, enjoying the work of the living statues, sampling the delicacies of the stalls, and seeking the perfect souvenir in the shops.
Day 3 Barcelona to La Seu d'Urgell
Pick up your hire-car and drive northwards to the town of La Seu d'Urgell in the Pyrenees, a journey of just over 100 miles. Your route takes you near the Monastery of Montserrat, a religious complex in a spectacular setting atop craggy mountains with chapels, hermits' caves and numerous nature trails. You could also break the journey in Cardona, a picturesque town full of Romanesque and Gothic architecture dominated by a 9th century fortress. Arrive at your hotel, El Castell de Ciutat, a contemporary alpine lodge in a rural location with astounding mountain views, where you will be staying for three nights.
Day 4 In La Seu d'Urgell
Spend your time exploring the nearby nature reserves by bicycle or on foot, take part in activities such as horse-riding, canoeing, and mountain biking; venture over the border to the quaint hillside village of Fontaneda in the Principality of Andorra, or simply relax and enjoy the outstanding mountain views from the comfort of the hotel. In the centre of the village of La Seu d'Urgell, sits the 11th century Catedral de Santa Maria. This austere, but dramatic, cathedral is a testament to the Italian influence on the Catalan Romanesque style. Its tall central chamber is quite severe, lacking in natural light; yet, this serves to make the circular window that hangs above the altar at the end of the hall all the more affecting. Corridors and the cloister border a beautiful courtyarded garden. Also within the cathedral is a Diocesan Museum, which displays a collection of mediaeval paintings and sculptures that pertain to this region of Spain. La Seu d'Urgell has its own Sagrada Familia, though its charming exterior bears little resemblance to the temple in Barcelona. You may also wish to wander around the cloister of the Església de Sant Miquel, a church that continues the austerity of the cathedral, with tall curved walls and brooding interiors. One part of the church, however, still bears evidence of a once more colourful building. One of the greatest pleasures of spending time in La Seu d'Urgell might be a leisurely stroll through the historic quarter, taking in the picturesque beauty of the arcaded streets and old mansions, stopping off on your way at the convent of Sant Domingo.
Day 6 La Seu d'Urgell to the Costa Brava and S'Agaro
Drive for around three hours south east to the Costa Brava, travelling via the quintessentially Catalan town of Vic, where an excellent market is held in the main square. Head to the Hostal de la Gavina, an elegant hotel in an impressive seaside location, where you will spend three nights. Located on a peninsula the hotel looks out over sandy cove and rugged cliffs beyond, a haven of relaxation with plenty of activities and excursions nearby.
Day 7 In S'Agaro
Visitors can indulge in the spa, enjoy a game of tennis, relax on the sandy beaches or by one of the two pools, partake in numerous water sports, including windsurfing and water-skiing, hire a boat to explore the coastline, or discover the local area by car. The beaches, coves, and rock pools are what gives this area most of its charm. During the day guests may choose to explore the Camino de Ronda which leads down to Sa Conca beach. Alternatively, recline on the beach, with the serenity of the Costa Brava as your backdrop, and with the rush of the lapping sea to help you relax. Guests can enjoy access to the St Pol Beach Club. Just a short drive inland is Girona, a cosmopolitan and characterful city with a well-preserved mediaeval Jewish quarter as well as Islamic and Christian monuments. Further north is Figueres, the town which is known for its popular and eccentrically designed museum dedicated to the work of Salvador Dalí.
Day 9 Return to Barcelona for your return flight home
Drive for about one and a half hours back to Barcelona, where you will return your hire-car and catch your flight back to the UK.
Holiday Code SNFD03
Our prices include ● Scheduled flights with British Airways, from London Heathrow to Barcelona El Prat return, economy
● Hire of a Group C car for seven days
● 2 nights' bed and breakfast in a Standard double room at the Grand Hotel Central in Barcelona
● 3 nights' bed and breakfast in a Standard double room at the El Castell de Ciutat in La Seu d'Urgell
● 3 nights' bed and breakfast in a Standard double room at the Hostal de la Gavina in S'Agaro
● Parking available at all hotels
● Transfers in Barcelona
Additional information Driving times for this touring holiday
Barcelona to La Seu d'Urgell 2 hours 15 minutes
La Seu d'Urgell to S'Agaro 2 hours 40 minutes
L'Escala to Barcelona 1 hour 35 minutes
Grand Hotel Central Barcelona
Grand Hotel Central Barcelona is a luxury 5-star hotel in an excellent city centre location. Excellent spa facilities, delicious cuisine and stunning rooftop pool make it an ideal spot to recuperate after a day enjoying the city's sights.
Hotel El Castell de Ciutat
Hotel El Castell de Ciutat is a 4-star boutique hotel in a beautiful natural location. Delicious cuisine, excellent spa facilities and an excellent location for discovering the Pyrenées region afford guests a truly tranquil and restorative experience.
S'Agaro
Hostal de la Gavina
Hostal de la Gavina is a luxurious 5-star boutique hotel set beside a picturesque beach. A variety of delicious gastronomic offerings, excellent spa facilities and serene saltwater swimming pool with sea views offer guests a truly refreshing, restorative retreat.
Spanish art and architecture tour, Spain


This book fills a critical void in the literature on the interface between African indigenous justice systems and the colonial installed African state justice system. The author examines the phenomenon of a plural justice system in contemporary Ajalli, an Igbo town of South East Nigeria with a population of about 5000. The main thrust of the book is the examination of the promises and contradictions of the two justice systems with divergent legal traditions and goals operating in Ajalli, namely the Igbo native system of justice and the Nigerian state criminal justice system. The native justice system derives from the Igbo culture, customs, traditions and philosophy of justice according to the author. The Nigerian state criminal justice system has its origin in the common and civil law systems of Britain, Nigeria's former colonial master. There seems to be a duplication of functions and even competition between the official Nigerian government administered criminal justice system, and the Ajalli community operated traditional justice system. The author also makes suggestions for reconciling the two justice systems that differ significantly both in procedure and in substance for a more effective and efficient justice management and delivery.
The author observes two major problems with Nigeria's native justice system. First, its operation within a pluralistic justice structure, hampers its growth and efficacy and secondly, the Igbo native justice system in this unhealthy judicial partnership, is the neglected justice system within this plural arrangement despite its potential to contribute to the social control efforts of the country. The author further notes that this pluralistic justice arrangement in the country has caused four main problems in the society. First, are the social, cultural, political and economic costs and myriad other problems associated with the duplication of the justice systems and the concurrent application and management of the two justice systems with divergent cultural and legal traditions and goals. Secondly, the average Nigerian lacks the opportunity to understand and appreciate the two justice systems, especially where they differ or complement one another. Third, the native justice system and the foreign justice system sometimes appear to be in competition with one another thereby undermining their social control functions in the community. Fourth, many Nigerians are alienated from the foreign justice system because it does not reflect the culture, traditions and religion of the Nigerian people.
Publication information: Article title: Law and Justice in Post-British Nigeria: Conflicts and Interactions between Native and Foreign Systems of Social Control in Igbo. Contributors: Elechi, O. Oko - Author. Journal title: African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies : AJCJS. Volume: 2. Issue: 1 Publication date: June 2006. Page number: 132+. © African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies. Provided by ProQuest LLC. All Rights Reserved.


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Procession of the Holy Blood Thursday 21 May 2020 - 14.30
SANGUIS CHRISTI
THE LOWER CHAPEL OF SAINT BASIL
THE UPPER CHAPEL
MUSIC IN THE BASILICA
THE NOBLE BROTHERHOOD OF THE HOLY-BLOOD
THE RELIC OF THE PRECIOUS BLOOD AND ITS VENERATION
THE PROCESSION
THE VENERATION OF THE HOLY-BLOOD
HISTORICAL SECTION
The chapel of Saint Basil is the only church in Romanesque style of West-Flanders.
Build in the first half of the 12th century by Derrick, Count of Alsace (1128-1168), the chapel is dedicated to Saint Basil the Great, a Greek doctor of the Church (+379) of whom a relic was brought back from Caesarea by Robert II of Jerusalem, Count of Flanders.
The chapel consists of two side naves and a central nave continued by the choir, which in turn is ended by a semi-circular apse.
The seated Madonna and Child or Sedes Sapientiae in the right nave is a wooden polychrome sculpture is dated back to early 14th century. The tympanum above the entrance linking the chapel and the annex is a 12th-century representation of the baptism of Saint Basil. Two remarkable wooden statues representJesus on the Cold Stone and the Pieta. Both sculptures, made around 1900, are highly revered and carried each year in the procession of the Holy Blood.
At the left of the choir, the chapel of Saint Yves was added in 1504. The relics of Saint Basil and of Charles the Good, Count of Flanders and who has been assassinated, are kept here. The black marble retable is presumed to be executed from drafts of Lancelot Blondeel.
The chapel of Saint Basil, the so-called chapel of the Precious Blood, was used by Count Derrick and his son Philip of Alsace while residing in the adjacent castle.
The lower chapel supports the upper chapel, originally built in Romanesque style, underwent in the course of centuries many significant transformations.
The title of basilica was bestowed to both chapels in 1923.
The monumental staircase DE STEEGHERE that leads to the upper chapel was build in 1533 in Renaissance style ornamented on the outside with statues sculpted according to the drawings of Lancelot Blondeel.
The present building dates from the 19th century since the original was demolished during the French occupation.
The gilded bronze statues represent Archduchess Isabelle, Mary of Burgundy, Derrick and Philip of Alsace and, in the medallions, the Archdukes Albert and Maximilian of Austria, Margaret of York and Sybil of Anjou, wife of Derrick and mother of Philip of Alsace.
EDELE CONFRERIE VAN HET HEILIG BLOED - Burg 13, B-8000 BRUGGE - TEL: +32 (0)50 33 67 92


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Natural herbal treatment for osteomyelitis
By Houedegnon Zougnon
Osteomyelitis: Natural Treatment for Osteomyelitis. Do you suffer from osteomyelitis? Read this article which tells you the best natural treatment for osteomyelitis.
Definition of osteomyelitis
Different types of osteomyelitis
Cause of osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis risk factor
Symptoms of Osteomyelitis
Herbal Osteomyelitis Treatment
Please contact us at http://wa.me//+22967546677
Written and edited by DJIMA Rachidatou on 28/07/2022
Make an appointment with a specialist at
How to cure osteomyelitis?
How to treat inflammation of the bone?
Which antibiotic for bone infection?
How to catch osteomyelitis?
What are the signs of osteoarticular damage?
What is the difference between osteitis and osteomyelitis?
Osteomyelitis is a bone infection caused by a blood-borne pathogen. It is an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone tissue, following this infection which is caused, most often, by the bacterium staphylococcus aureus. You will discover in the lines to follow the natural treatment of osteomyelitis.
There are two types of osteomyelitis, which are differentiated more according to the profile presented by the bone tissues than according to the duration of the infection itself:
Acute osteomyelitis is associated with inflammatory bone changes caused by pathogenic bacteria, whose symptoms are generally expressed two weeks after infection.
Chronic osteomyelitis presents with bone necrosis, that is, the death of part of the bone tissue.
Causes of Osteomyelitis
A bone infection is almost always caused by bacteria, but sometimes a fungus is a pathogen. The bacterium that most often causes osteomyelitis is called "staphylococcus aureus". If you are looking for a natural treatment for osteomyelitis then call us on WhatsApp by clicking on CALL
Other bacterial causes include group A and B streptococci, H, influenza, coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They usually develop around chronic skin wounds that penetrate deep into the bone, or around an open traumatic lesion to the bone. However, you should know that the bones are generally well protected and do not easily become infected.
A bone infection can occur:
in case of trauma to the bone or if a fractured bone has perforated the skin;
when an infection adjacent to the soft tissue (which surrounds the bone) spreads to the bone;
whether the bacteria is carried to the bone by the bloodstream;
if blood circulation is poor.
Other Ways of Spreading Infection to the Bone
First, the infectious agent can enter the bone during surgery on the bone or in the event of an open fracture (the fractured bone erupts through the skin). It also happens that the infection spreads from an infected artificial joint and reaches the surrounding bone tissue. When a contaminated object penetrates the bone (a piece of metal during an automobile accident), there is also a risk of infection.
Second, the infection of soft tissue (muscles or organs) sometimes develops in a region of the body that has suffered an injury or is poorly irrigated. Once installed, the infection may spread to neighbouring bones.
Third, it happens that a focus of infection located elsewhere in the body spreads to the bones through the bloodstream. Children thus develop bone infections, especially in the arms and legs. In adults, the infection tends to lodge in the bones of the spine.
Disease risk factors
Indeed, certain factors predispose to osteomyelitis. These are mainly:
type 2 diabetes (the one acquired later, sometimes also called diabetes mellitus);
peripheral vascular disease;
people who use illicit drugs intravenously and those on dialysis
Discover the treatment of osteomyelitis in the following paragraph.
Different manifestations of osteomyelitis
Symptoms of osteomyelitis can be nonspecific and difficult to recognize. In addition, they differ depending on the type of osteomyelitis.
Symptoms of acute osteomyelitis:
In acute osteomyelitis, infections in the bones of the limbs cause fever and, sometimes, after a few days, pain in the infected bone. The infected area may feel sore, warm and swollen, and movement may be painful. The person may lose weight and feel tired.
When osteomyelitis results from infection of adjacent soft tissues or direct invasion by an organism, the area above the bone swells and becomes painful. An abscess may form in adjacent tissues. These infections may not cause a fever.
Infection around an artificial limb or prosthesis usually causes persistent pain in the area.
Symptoms of chronic osteomyelitis:
Like any disease including osteoarthritis, chronic osteomyelitis can develop if osteomyelitis is not treated successfully. This is a persistent infection that is very difficult to get rid of. Sometimes chronic osteomyelitis is not detectable and does not produce symptoms for months or years.
In general, chronic osteomyelitis causes bone pain, recurrent infections in the adjacent soft tissues, and a permanent or intermittent discharge of pus, which rises to the surface of the skin. This discharge takes place when a passage (sinus tract) forms between the infected bone and the surface of the skin, and the pus is drained out through this sinus tract.
Natural treatment for osteomyelitis:
What to do naturally?
Try a vitamin D supplement
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which helps build strong, healthy bones. In addition, in case of vitamin D deficiency, the body has more difficulty assimilating calcium, which leads to symptoms such as depression, joint pain and digestive problems. In addition, a calcium deficiency puts adults at greater risk of fractures and osteomyelitis.
Increase your magnesium intake
Magnesium is very important for people with osteomyelitis because it promotes calcium absorption while helping to convert vitamin D into its most active form.
Remedy the lack of acidity in the stomach
Low stomach acid is a risk factor for osteomyelitis because it interferes with the body's ability to solubilize and ionize calcium, which plays a very important role in maintaining bone health.
Fight stress
Stress is a risk factor for osteomyelitis because it reduces digestive capacity. However, poor digestion can cause a lack of stomach acidity which can affect calcium levels.
In addition, it is often accompanied by a lack of sleep and dysfunction in the regulation of blood sugar. However, the latter has an impact on bone density, proof that stress can be a risk factor for osteomyelitis.


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