To provide a game system and program which can easily detect an action of a player and which can properly evaluate the operation of the player, the game system includes a detection section which detects the operation of the player relating to an image of operational instruction displayed according to a music through the inclinations of operation sections, a judgment section which judges the conformance of the player's operation, based on operational instruction data which indicates the player's operational information, operational instruction image and operating timing, a sound generating section and sound output section which generates and outputs effect sounds respectively, and an image generating section and display section which generates and displays the operational instruction image respectively based on the operational instruction data.
(26) In the game system and the program, the detection section may detect at least one of movement volume and inclination of each body part of the player based on a plurality of infrared sensors or a plurality of proximity sensors.
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a further game system comprising a camera.
FIG. 1 shows an outline drawing of a game system  100 according to this embodiment.
A music game of this embodiment is a music game for hula. When the game system  100 is outputting a BGM (Back Ground Music) for hula, a player manipulates operation sections according to an operational input instruction which is displayed in association with the BGM. If the operations of the player fit the operational instruction, an effect sound such as the voice of a singer and so on will be outputted from the game system 100.
The game system  100 includes a loud speaker 6 that is one part of sound generation means which generates the BGM and effect sound and a display 1 that is one part of operational instruction means which performs the operational instruction associated with the BGM relative to the player.
The player inserts a coin through a coin input port and plays a game after a desired piece of music has selected from a menu displayed on the display  1 through operation buttons.
As operation sections, the game system  100 comprises arm-operating bands 2 and foot-operating panels 3, all of which form part of plural input means which detects the action of the player and for inputting the operational information relating to the player.
The player puts one of the arm-operating bands  2-1 on his or her right arm and the other arm-operating band 2-2 on his or her left arm. Each of the arm-operating bands 2 is in the form of a tape which can detachably attached on one arm.
Each of the arm-operating bands  2 includes an inclination sensor 8 which includes a mercury switch and which functions as detection means which detects the inclination in the player's arm.
The foot-operating panels  3 are placed on an operation pedestal 5 and comprise right foot-operating panels 3-1, 32 and left foot-operating panels 3-3, 3-4. The tops of the foot-operating panels 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 and 3-4 have instruction marks which are respectively different.
The player must view an operational instruction displayed on the display  1. If that operational instruction is for arms, the player swingingly moves his or her arms to manipulate the arm-operating bands 2. If the operational instruction is for feet, the player steps on the foot-operating panels 3 which have the instruction marks corresponding to the operational instruction.
The operational information provided by the player through the arm-operating bands  2 is fed to a processing section in a housing 9 through cables 4 which are connected with the arm-operating bands 2. On the other hand, the operational information provided by the player through the foot-operating panels 3 is fed to the processing section in the housing 9 which is also connected to the operation pedestal 5.
The processing section in the housing  9 comprises evaluating means which evaluates the operation of the player according to the operational instruction, based on the contents of the operational instruction and player's operational information.
This embodiment comprises a detection section located in each of the arm-operating bands  2 for detecting the inclination thereof. More particularly, each of the detection sections includes four mercury switches for sensing inclinations in the vertical and horizontal directions.
In such an arrangement, the game system  100 can grasp the motions of the player's arms by detecting the inclinations in the arm-operating bands 2 attached on the player's arms.
In particular, a variety of operational instructions including the horizontal motion, vertical motion and rotation the hands can be performed since the inclinations in the arm-operating bands  2 attached on the player's arms can be detected.
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a game system  100 according to this embodiment.
The game system  100 comprises an operation section 120 including arm-operating bands 2 and foot-operating panels 3 operated by the player according to an operational input instruction which is displayed on the screen in association with a music being played, a detection section 160 for detecting the inclinations or the like in the operation section 120 to detect the player's action and a processing section 110 for generating images and voices and judging the conformance in the player's operation, based on the operational information from the detection section 160.
The processing section  110 comprises a judgment section 116 for judging the conformance in the player's operation, based on the operational information delivered from the arm-operating bands 2 and others, the contents of the operational instruction and operational instruction data 152 for indicating timings, and a sound generating section 112 for generating the effect sound using sound generation data 156, based on the judgment in the judgment section 116.
The processing section  110 also comprises an image generating section 118 for displaying operational input instructions, characters and the like, based on the operational instruction data 152 and image generation data 154.
The processing section  110 further comprises a computation section 119 for computing scores and the like based on the judgment result.
The game system  100 further comprises a display section 140 for displaying the generated image and a sound output section 130 for outputting the generated sound.
The operational instruction data  152, image generation data 154 and sound generation data 156 are stored in a storage section 150.
In the other aspect, the game system  100 comprises the sound generating section 112 and sound output section 130 which function as sound generation means which generates game music sounds; the image generating section 118 and display section 140 which function as operational instruction means which performs the operational instruction associated with the game music sounds; the judgment section 116, computation section 119, image generating section 118 and display section 140 which function as evaluation means which evaluates the player's operation according to the operational instruction; and the operation section 120 and detection section 160 which function as plural input means which inputs the operational information relating to the player.
These sections can be realized by reading information out of an information storage medium  180.
The information stored in the information storage medium  180 may be replaced by information embodied in carrier wave. In other words, the game system can realize various functions mentioned above by reading the information from a predetermined host terminal or the like through a network, rather than from the information storage medium 180.
The information stored in the information storage medium  180 may also be replaced by a program for realizing the means.
The game image  11 includes an evaluation area 10 for displaying ranks such as "Rank A" and the like and scores such as "102360 Points" and the like, an instruction area 20 for displaying input instructions 200 to 205 that are instruction marks showing operational instructions to the player, and a timing area 30 which displays an input instruction for indicating that an operation must be performed for each of the input instructions 200 to 205 in the instruction area.
The instruction area  20 includes four sub-areas corresponding to the respective operation means, left foot instruction sub-area 22, left hand instruction sub-area 24, right hand instruction sub-area 26 and right foot instruction sub-area 28.
Each of the input instructions  200 to 205 appears on the top of the corresponding instruction sub-area and moves downwardly and disappears at a point when it passes through the timing area 30.
The timing area  30 has a predetermined range such that the player may perform the operation corresponding to each of the input instructions 200 to 205 while they fall within the range.
In order to generate a game image as shown in FIG. 6, the operational instruction data  152 is of the following data structure.
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an operational instruction data structure  152 according to this embodiment.
The operational instruction data structure  152 has two items, that is, "OPERATION TYPE" showing the contents of the operational instruction and "TIME" showing timing and frequency in operation.
Thus, the operational instruction data structure  152 is structured such that the operational instruction can be performed depending on the time point at which the game is executed, by using the "OPERATION TYPE" and "TIME" as indexes.
More particularly, FIG. 6 shows the input instruction  202 in the timing area 30 and a numerical value 3 added to the input instruction 202. This means that the contents of the operational instruction shown by the input instruction 202 must be performed three times while the input instruction 202 exists in the timing area 30. The contents of the operational instruction shown by the input instruction 202 represent "rotate the left hand three times outward".
To perform such an operational instruction, the operational instruction data structure  152 of FIG. 3 instructs that an operation in which the "OBJECT" is "LEFT HAND"; the "DETAILS" is "ROTATION"; and the "DIRECTION" is "OUTWARD" should be executed three times within "0 to 5" seconds.
If the operational instruction image is generated based on the operational instruction data  152, only the input instruction 202 is displayed in the timing area 30 during the time period of 0 to 5 seconds counted from the start of the game.
The similar procedure will be performed relating to the operations to be executed for six or more seconds. Although the operational instruction data  152 is simplified to have data up to 15 seconds, the operational instruction data 152 may actually include and hold data relating to at least one piece of music.
The flow of processing using the aforementioned judgment section  116 and others will be described below.
The image generating section  118 and display section 140 display the input instructions an others, based on the operational instruction data 152 (step S2).
A player judges objects to be operated, operating manners and operational timings in the input instructions and others and manipulates the arm-operating bands  2 and foot-operating panels 3 according the operational instruction.
For example, when the player operates the arm-operating bands  2, the mercury switches each of which functions as part of the detection section 160 included in the corresponding inclination sensor 8 detect the motions of the arm-operating bands 2. (step S4).
More particularly, with the input instruction  202, if the inclinations are detected by the mercury switch in the left arm-operating band 2-2 in the order of left, up, right and down, it may be judged that the left hand of the player is rotated outward.
Next, the judgment section  116 judges whether or not such an operation is performed within the instructed range, that is, whether or not the inclinations are detected in the order of left, up, right and down while the input instruction 202 exists in the timing area 30 shown in FIG. 6 and more particularly for 0 to 5 seconds (step S6).
If such a condition is fulfilled, the judgment section  116 further compares the number of instructions with the number of operations actually made by the player (step S8).
If the number of instructions coincides with the number of operations actually made by the player, the computation section  119 adds the scores, the image generating section 118 and display section 140 change (or upgrade) the rank and the sound generating section 112 and sound output section 130 output an effect sound for conformance, thereby generating the special effect (step S12).
If the number of instructions is more than the number of operations actually made by the player, the number of operations is incremented by one (1) (step S 10). Thereafter, the next detection of operation is executed (step S4).
If the number of instructions is less than the number of operations actually made by the player, it is judged that the player wrongly makes the operations. Thus, the computation section  119 subtracts the scores, the image generating section 118 and display section 140 change (or downgrade) the rank and the sound generating section 112 and sound output section 130 output an effect sound for inconformance, thereby generating a special effect (step S14).
Even if an operation of the player out of the instructed range is detected, the scores are subtracted (step S 14).
Such a procedure will be repeated until that piece of music terminates (step S 16).
According to this embodiment, thus, the action of the player's arms can be grasped when the arm-operating bands  2 attached on the player's arms are swung by the player.
Since the foot-operating panels  3 functioning as a stepping pedestal having input instruction marks corresponding to the operational instructions is provided in addition to the arm-operating bands 2, the action of the player's feet can also simply be detected by detecting the stepping action of the player on the foot-operating panels 3 through pressure-sensitive sensors or the like.
As shown in FIG. 6, furthermore, this embodiment is designed to display, on the display  1, various types of input instructions 200 which correspond to the legs and arms and which correspond to a plurality of operation types additionally containing rotations, directions and so on.
This embodiment provides a separate operational instruction for each of the operation sections in the arm-operating bands  2 and foot-operating panels 3 and causes the judgment section 116 to evaluate the conformance between the contents of the operational instruction and the actual operations made by the player.
Moreover, this embodiment indicates a timing whereat the player should perform an operation as an operational instruction as shown in the timing area  30 of FIG. 6 and causes the judgment section 116 to evaluate the conformance between the contents of the operational instruction and the actual operation made by the player.
In the operational instruction data  152 of FIG. 3, the number of predetermined operations to be made by the player within a predetermined time period as operational instructions and images such as the input instruction 202 in which the contents and number of the operational instructions are integrated are generated by the image generating section 118.
The judgment section  116 then evaluates the conformance between the contents of the operational instructions and the number of operations actually made by the player.
An information storage medium  430 is mainly operative to store programs, image data, sound data (including tone data, score data and waveform data) and so on. The information storage medium 430 may be in any form of CD-ROM, game cassette, IC card, MO, FD, DVD-ROM, memory and so on. For example, with the home game systems, the information storage medium for storing the game program and the like may be in any form of CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, game cassette and so on. With the arcade game systems, the information storage medium may be a memory such as ROM and the like.
A control device  400 corresponds to a control panel or the like and can be used to input player's judgment to the main system body depending on the progress of game.
A plurality of mercury switches  410 are provided in the arm-operating bands 2 while a plurality of pressure-sensitive sensor 412 are provided in the foot-operating panels 3 on the backside thereof.
A CPU  402 is to receive menu selection information from the control device 400, arm-action detection information from the mercury switches 410 and fee-action detection information from the pressure-sensitive sensor 412.
The CPU  402 performs the control of the entire game system, the processing of various data and the computation of game, based on the input signals and others inputted through the control device 400. The data and others read out of the information storage medium 430 are temporarily stored in any suitable storage means such as RAM (not shown). This RAM may also be used as a working area for the CPU 402, image generating IC 404, sound processing IC 414.
This game system further comprises the image generating IC  404 and sound processing IC 414 for optimally outputting sounds and images. Such image generating IC 404 and sound processing IC 414 may be in any form of dedicated IC, CPU or DSP, for example.
The image generating IC  404 is an integrated circuit for generating pixel information to be outputted toward the display 406, based on image data sent from RAM (not shown) or the information storage medium 430. The display 406 may be in the form of a so-called head mount display (HMD).
The sound processing IC  414 is operative to make various processings for generating game music, effect sounds, voices and others, based on the instructions from CPU 402 and the programs, tone data, score data and other data from the RAM and information storage medium 430.
A PCM sound source  416 is operative to generate and output digital sound signals toward a D/A converter 418, based on the processing result at the sound processing IC 414 and the waveform data from the information storage medium 430 and others (i.e., data representing the real physical waveforms of sounds such as drum, violin).
The D/A converter  418 converts these digital signals to analog signals which are in turn outputted therefrom toward a low-pass filter 420. The output of the low-pass filter 420 is inputted into an electronic volume 422.
The electronic volume  422 adjusts the loudness according to instructions from the sound processing IC 414. The output of the electronic volume 422 is input into a loud speaker 426 through an amplifier 424, the loud speaker 426 then externally outputting the game music, the effect sound and the voices.
Thus, the aforementioned operation section  120 may be realized by the control device 400, mercury switch 410 and pressure-sensitive type sensor 412; the information storage medium 180 and storage section 150 may be realized by the information storage medium 430; the judgment section 116 and computation section 119 maybe realized by the CPU 402; the sound generating section 112 may be realized by the sound processing IC 414, PCM sound source 416, D/A converter 418 and low-pass filter 420; the sound output section 130 may be realized by the amplifier 424, electronic volume 422 and loud speaker 426; the image generating section 118 may be realized by the image generating IC 404; and the display section 140 may be realized by the display 406.
FIG. 10 is a view showing the structure of a vibration sensor  411.
The vibration sensor  411 comprises a hollow casing 411 a, a spherical weight contact 411 b of metal, a support member 411 c for supporting the weight contact 411 b, and an insulative anchoring member 441 d for fixedly holding the support member 411 c on the casing 411 a.
The casing  411 a may be made of metal or include a metallic coating over the inner wall of the hollow portion thereof. The metallic surface is grounded. The support member 411 c may be of rod-like, plate-like or coiled spring member and has appropriate coefficients of elasticity and damper for flexibly supporting the weight contact 411 b.
For example, thus, the weight contact  411 b will not be brought into contact the grounding contact 411 a under a vibration equal to or lower than ½ cycles (acceleration) and will not follow a vibration equal to or higher than 5 cycles (acceleration).
The contact signal at the weight contact  411 b is inputted into a Schmitt trigger circuit ST through a pull-up resistor R1, thereby improving its noise resistance. The output signal S of the Schmitt trigger circuit is inputted into the CPU 402 through cables 4.
In this way, the vibration sensors  411 can detect the motions of the player's arms as in the mercury switches 410.
For example, as shown by a game image  12 in FIG. 7, the instruction area 21 may display a character 40 dancing the hula. In such a case, the action of the character 40 is provided to the player as a sample. The player will imitate the action of the character 40.
It is of course that the character  40 shown in FIG. 7 may be displayed on one scene together with the operational instruction shown in FIG. 6. Thus, the operational instruction can have both the strictness and comprehensiveness.
This game image  13 includes an instruction area 50 and input instructions 210 to 214 which are instruction marks displayed on the instruction area 50 and which are of horizontally extending rod-shaped configuration.
These input instructions  210 to 214 are respectively displayed on left-foot instruction sub-area 23, left-hand instruction sub-area 25, right-hand instruction sub-area 27 and right-foot instruction sub-area 29 for the respective operation means.
A timing area  32 as an input mark is displayed in the form of a horizontally extending elongated rod across the game image 13. In such a case, the player must perform an operation at an optimal timing. In this regard, the timing area 32 is different from the timing area 30 which has a predetermined time range of five seconds required for the input instruction 20 and others to move from the starting point to the finishing point (scroll time).
In the game image  14 of FIG. 9, left-hand input instructions 220 to 222 and right-hand input instructions 223 to 225 are simultaneously displayed on an instruction area 60 on which an image for performing the instruction before the player acts is displayed.
The input instructions  220 and 223 are respectively moved leftward and downward from their initial state to the positions of the input instructions 221 and 224 and leftward and upward to the positions of the input instructions 222 and 225.
On the other hand, the player moves both the right and left hands on which the arm-operating bands  2-1 and 2-2 are respectively attached leftward and downward once and then leftward and upward while viewing the input instruction 220 and others.
Each of the arm-operating bands  2 is provided with an inclination sensor 8 which includes a mercury switch and functions as inclination detection means.
The game image  14 also includes another instruction area 70 for displaying an image for instructing an operation in synchronization with the player's action, a character 42 being displayed on the instruction area 70.
The character  42 begins to act at a point when the input instructions 220 and 223 have respectively moved to the positions of the input instructions 222 and 225 and if a series of operational instructions are terminated.
The character  42 acts according to the motions of the input instructions 220 and others as in the player.
Therefore, the player can be instructed relating to the manner of arm action by initially viewing the input instructions in the instruction area  60 and act according to the instructions. Furthermore, the player can confirm his or her own entire action by viewing the character 42 of human-like configuration in the instruction area 70 even though the player is acting.
Although the aforementioned embodiment has been described as to the operation sections  120 which is in the form of arm-operating bands 2 wound around the player's arms, these operation sections 120 may be attached on any other body parts such as feet, head, hip, fingers and others for grasping their motions. For example, with the hula, the motion of the player's hip is important. If the operation sections 120 are attached on the player's hip, the motion thereof can be detected.
Although the aforementioned embodiment has been described as to the operation sections comprising the inclination sensors  8 with the mercury switches 410 and the pressure-sensitive type sensor 412, the present invention is not limited to such operation sections, but may comprise any other suitable means as far as it can grasp the player's operation by detecting at least one of the movement volume, inclination, position and vibration in each of the operation sections which are in contact with part of the player's body or garment.
For example, when an inclination sensor  8 is replaced by an infrared sensor, light-receiving means which detects the infrared light from the infrared sensor may be located on the housing 9. The output of the light-receiving means may be used to detect changes on the positions of the player's arms.
Although the aforementioned embodiment has been described as to the arm-operating bands  2 detachably wound around the player's arms, they may be replaced by any other suitable means such as clips anchored onto the cuffs of the player's garment, split rings attached around the player's wrists, foot gears such as sandals, caps, hats or helmets.
It is further preferred that the detection section  160 has no output if the player's action is detected out of a predetermined effective range.
Where a plurality of players are to play a game together, it is preferred that the judgment section  116 comprehensively judges the total conformance on the players' operations.
If the game system  100 shown in FIG. 1 is to be used by two players, there may be provided two pairs of arm-operating bands 2 and two pairs of foot-operating panels 3.
Although the means which inputs the operational information may be in the form of wireless transmission means in addition to the wire transmission means such as cables  4, the latter is preferred. This is because the operational information can be transmitted in the easy and economical manner and maintained in the easy manner.
FIG. 11 shows an outline drawing of a game system  102 according to this embodiment.
A music game of this embodiment is a music game for hula. When the game system  102 is outputting a BGM (Back Ground Music) for hula, a player manipulates operation sections according to an operational input instruction which is displayed in association with the BGM. If the operations of the player fit the operational instruction, an effect sound such as the voice of a singer and so on will be outputted from the game system 102.
The game system  102 includes a loud speaker 6 that is one part of sound generation means which generates the BGM and effect sound and a display 1 that is one part of operational instruction means which performs the operational instruction associated with the BGM relative to the player.
The game system  102 comprises infrared sensors 93 functioning as a detection section for detecting the action of a player and for inputting the operational information relating to the player.
Four infrared sensors  93-1 to 93-4 are located around a player area 92 on which the player is to stand.
The player extends the right arm rightward when an operational instruction of extending the right arm rightward from the player area  92 is displayed on the display 1 and the left arm leftward when an operational instruction of extending the left arm leftward from the player area 92.
When the player extends the right arm outward from the player area  92 as shown in FIG. 13, the infrared sensor 932 positioned on the right side of the player area 92 detects the right arm of the player. Since the distance between each of the player's arms and the corresponding infrared sensor 93 is different from the distance between each of the player's feet and the same infrared sensor 93, each of the player's feet can also be detected by the infrared sensors 93 without any misdetection even if that foot is extended outward from the player area 92.
The operational information of the player from the infrared sensors  93 is sent to a processing section in a housing 9.
In such an arrangement, the game system  102 can grasp the motions of the player's body parts such as arms and feet.
FIG. 12 is a functional block diagram of the game system  102 according to this embodiment.
The game system  102 comprises a detection section 162 for detecting the action of the player according to the operational input instruction displayed on the screen depending on a music being played and a processing section 110 for generating images and voices and judging the conformance in the player's operation, based on the operational information from the detection section 162.
The processing section  110 comprises a judgment section 116 for judging the conformance in the player's operation, based on the player's operational information delivered from the detection section 162, the contents of the operational instruction and the operational instruction data 152 for indicating timings, and a sound generating section 112 for generating the effect sound using sound generation data 156, based on the judgment in the judgment section 116.
The game system  102 further comprises a display section 140 for displaying the generated image and a sound output section 130 for outputting the generated sound.
In the other aspect, the game system  102 comprises the sound generating section 112 and sound output section 130 which function as sound generation means which generates game music sounds; the image generating section 118 and display section 140 which function as operational instruction means which performs the operational instruction associated with the game music sounds; the judgment section 116, computation section 119, image generating section 118 and display section 140 which function as evaluation means which evaluates the player's operation according to the operational instruction; and the detection section 162 for detecting the player's action.
The judgement section and the like can be realized by reading information out of an information storage medium  180.
The game image  11 includes an evaluation area 310 for displaying ranks such as "Rank A" and the like and scores such as "102360 Points" and the like, an instruction area 320 for displaying input instructions 290 to 295 that are instruction marks showing operational instructions to the player, and a timing area 330 which displays an input instruction for indicating that an operation must be performed for each of the input instructions 290 to 295 in the instruction area.
The instruction area  320 includes four sub-areas corresponding to the operations of the respective player's body parts, left foot instruction sub-area 322, left hand instruction sub-area 324, right hand instruction sub-area 326 and right foot instruction sub-area 328.
Each of the input instructions  290 to 295 appears on the top of the corresponding instruction sub-area and moves downwardly and disappears at a point when it passes through the timing area 330.
The timing area  330 has a predetermined range such that the player may perform the operation corresponding to each of the input instructions 290 to 295 while they fall within the range.
For example, the input instruction  290 is an instruction for the player to move the left leg forward from the player area 92, and the input instruction 295 is an instruction for the player to move the right leg rightward from the player area 92.
The image generating section  118 and display section 140 display the input instructions 290 and others, based on the operational instruction data 152 (step S2).
A player judges objects to be operated, operating manners and operational timings in the input instruction  290 and others and then makes an action conformable to the operational instructions.
The player's action is detected by the infrared sensors  93 (step S4).
More particularly, with the input instruction  292, the infrared sensor 93-4 located on the left side of the player area 92 detects the outward extension of the left hand.
Next, the judgment section  116 judges whether or not such an operation is performed within the instructed range, that is, whether or not the outward extension of the left hand are detected while the input instruction 292 exists in the timing area 330 shown in FIG. 15 and more particularly for 0 to 5 seconds (step S6).
According to this embodiment, thus, the action of the player's arms and others can be grasped by providing a plurality of infrared sensors  93-1 to 93-4 in a plurality of directions.
As shown in FIG. 15, furthermore, this embodiment is designed to display, on the display  1, various types of input instructions 290 and others which correspond to the legs and arms and which correspond to a plurality of operation types additionally containing rotations, directions and so on.
Moreover, this embodiment indicates a timing whereat the player should perform an operation as an operational instruction as shown in the timing area  330 of FIG. 15 and causes the judgment section 116 to evaluate the conformance between the contents of the operational instruction and the actual operation made by the player.
There is further provided an infrared sensor section  413.
A CPU  402 is to receive menu selection information from the control device 400, and arm-action detection information and feet-action detection information from the infrared sensor section 413.
Thus, the aforementioned operation section  120 may be realized by the control device 400 and infrared sensor section 413; the information storage medium 180 and storage section 150 may be realized by the information storage medium 430; the judgment section 116 and computation section 119 maybe realized by the CPU 402; the sound generating section 112 may be realized by the sound processing IC 414, PCM sound source 416, D/A converter 418 and low-pass filter 420; the sound output section 130 may be realized by the amplifier 424, electronic volume 422 and loud speaker 426; the image generating section 118 may be realized by the image generating IC 404; and the display section 140 may be realized by the display 406.
The game system  102 without contacting with a player is not limited to the aforementioned embodiment, but may be carried out in any of various other forms.
For example, the infrared sensors  93 may be replaced by a camera which functions as imaging means which detects the player's action.
FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of a game system  104 comprising a camera 122.
The game system  104 comprises a camera 122 located on the top of a housing 9 above a display 1 in place of the infrared sensors 93.
The camera  122 sends its image information to the judgment section 116 which in turn judges and evaluates the player's action, based on the image information, as described.
This can also detect the motions of the player's body parts such as arms, feet and others, as in the infrared sensors  93.
It is of course that the character  40 shown in FIG. 7 may be displayed on one scene together with the operational instruction shown in FIG. 15. Thus, the operational instruction can have both the strictness and comprehensiveness.
On the other hand, the player moves both the right and left hands leftward and downward once and then leftward and upward while viewing the input instructions  220 and others.
Further, the aforementioned embodiment has been described as to means which detects the player's action without contact which is in the form of the infrared sensors  93 or camera 122, such detection means is not limited to such a device.
It is further preferred that the detection section  162 has no output if the player's action is detected out of a predetermined effective range.
If the game system  102 shown in FIG. 11 is to be used by two players, there may be provided two pairs of play areas 92 and two pairs of infrared sensors 93.
a detection section which detects at least one of movement volume, inclination, position and vibration of the operation section.
wherein the detection section detects at least one of movement volume, inclination, position and vibration of each body part of the player on which the operation section is attached with the detachable section.
wherein the detection section includes means which detects a contact or pressure of the player against the step pedestal.
wherein the operational instruction means provides one or more operational instructions corresponding to a plurality of the operation sections.
wherein the operational instruction means displays at least one of a schematic display including a color, pattern or input action, and number of input as the operational instruction.
wherein the operational instruction means displays a sample operational instruction imitating an action of the player as the operational instruction before an input of the player has been received.
wherein the evaluating means includes judgment means which judges a conformance of an operation by the player to a given condition when there is a given positional relationship between the instruction mark and the input mark.
wherein the input mark schematically shows a duration of input or an area in which timing is judged.
wherein the judgment means judges the conformance of the operation by the player to a given condition when there is a given positional relationship between the instruction mark and the input mark.
wherein the operational instruction means performs at least one of an instruction of moving a hand in a rightward-leftward direction or an upward-downward direction, an instruction of rotating a hand clockwise or counterclockwise and an instruction of moving a hand in a zigzag manner, as the operational instruction.
wherein the detection section includes a sensor which outputs digital information including at least one of movement volume, inclination, position and vibration of each body part of the player on which the operation section is attached with the detachable section.
wherein the detection section includes a sensor which outputs analog information including at least one of movement volume, inclination, position and vibration of each body part of the player on which the operation section is attached with the detachable section.
a detection section which detects an inclination in a rightward-leftward direction and an upward-downward direction of the operation section.
wherein the input section detects a change of an inclination of the arm based on information from the detection section.
wherein the input means includes a detection section which detects at least one of movement volume, inclination and position of each body part of the player, without contacting with the player.
wherein the detection section includes a plurality of infrared sensors or a plurality of proximity sensors.
wherein the detection section detects an action of the player, based on imaging information from the imaging means.
wherein the operational instruction means provides one or more operational instructions to a plurality of operation sections.
wherein the operational instruction means performs at least one of an instruction of moving a hand in a rightward-leftward direction or an upward-downward direction, an instruction of rotating a hand clockwise or counter-clockwise and an instruction of moving a hand in a zigzag manner, as the operational instruction.
wherein the evaluation section includes a judgment section which judges a conformance of a motion by the player to a given condition when there is a given positional relationship between the instruction mark and the input mark.
wherein the detection section detects at least one of movement volume, inclination and position of each body part of the player, without contacting with the player.
wherein the detection section includes a plurality of infrared sensors or a plurality of proximity sensors, and detects at least one of movement volume and inclination of each body part of the player based on the plurality of infrared sensors or the plurality of proximity sensors.
wherein the input section detects a change of an inclination of an arm based on information from the detection section.


Llandaff Cathedral also serves the Parish of Llandaff. Baptisms, Confirmations, Weddings and Funerals take place here according to strict criteria. If you would like more information about these please contact the Cathedral Office on office@llandaffcathedral.org.uk and they will be happy to forward your enquiry to the clergy.


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Behind the Event: A look at the Behind the Sofa Signing.
Related Categories: Events, Science Fiction, Steve Berry, TV shows
Last night Gollancz was overjoyed to host, at Forbidden Planet London, a signing for our collection of celebrity memories of Doctor Who, Behind The Sofa. We've already shared a few extracts over the last couple of weeks, and if you have any interest in Doctor Who, urge you to pick it up. It's all for a good cause, as all royalties go to Alzheimer's Research UK.
Joining us at Forbidden Planet were Katy Manning and Sophie Aldred, both companions in the classic series, and modern Who was represented by Madame De Pompadour herself, Sophia Myles. Ben Aaronovitch waved the flag for writers, while Richard Herring, Al Murray and Rufus Hound provided the comedy star power. Add in Steve Berry, the book's editor, and it was a pretty big table!
Your humble Gollancz editor is the one in the Peter Davison T-shirt. Couldn't resist it…
After fun at Forbidden Planet we decamped to the Phoenix Artists Club, where we were joined by around 25 other contributors to the book. A representative of Alzheimer's Research UK gave a brief talk, and Steve Berry spoke movingly of his Mother and how proud she would have been.
And then we all drank beer. It was a lovely evening, and we're very grateful for everyone who came along. Please do check out the book if you can!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home Community Corona del Sol Runner Hits Her Stride in Cross Country
Corona del Sol Runner Hits Her Stride in Cross Country
Rebecca Dantuono
Not many high school juniors wake up at 5:30 a.m. every day to go biking before school and are in bed by 9 p.m. But 16 year-old Cybelle Cozart does, and the hard work is paying off.
As a freshman, Cozart was not one of Corona del Sol's standout cross country runners, and it didn't seem like she ever would be.
"She has improved so much over the past three years," said coach Ari Rodriguez. She she has gone from one of our slowest JV runners as a freshman to a top varsity runner as a junior. She has really put in a lot of work between now and then and it has really paid off ."
Cozart started running for fun in the fifth grade, but it wasn't until later when it became a bigger part of her life.
"I didn't really start getting into it until eighth grade, when it became something I wanted to do every day," said Cozart.
The summer following Cozart's freshman year was when her running career started taking off. Inspiration and motivation began to push her.
"Someone very influential recently died and he was a very good runner and I don't know if that was what pushed me, but I think that he really inspired me to get out there," Cozart said about a former teammate.
At the end of track season, Cozart saw where she wanted to be as a runner when cross country season came along. Summer was the perfect opportunity to get to that next level.
"I had track season which really showed me what being fast and achieving your goals can do for you," Cozart said. "So I really started working over the summer to get up there and I improved so much over the next year."
Now a top second-year runner, Cozart is a team leader. Whether it be running tips or diet suggestions, Cozart acts as a mentor to the younger girls.
"People rely on me for things now that they didn't when I wasn't one of the top runners," Cozart said.
Cozart's strict schedule and dedication to the sport makes her a successful runner. She's at practice everyday and if she misses, she makes up for it. Cozart also makes academics a priority as well.
"This year I'm very academically driven because it's really gotten through my head that I need to pick it up and do the best I can in both running and school to get somewhere in life," Cozart said.
She's hoping to receive a scholarship and continue running in college.
"When I'm running I like how I know I can go anywhere and I know I have speed to go there, and that I can beat someone at something," Cozart said.
Already setting new personal records this season, it looks like Cozart will have the speed to take her team to new heights.
#athletics
#CDS
#coronadelsol
#crosscountry
#runner
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Rebecca is a sports journalism student at Arizona State University.


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This is one of the worst haircuts I have ever received. I requested layers, I got no layers except for my out hair being longer than the under hair (when is that normal). Due to the technique I left with more split ends and stringy hair.
This is one of the worst haircuts I have ever received. I requested layers and got no layers (the outer layer is longer than the under hair, when is that normal in a hair cut). Due to the technique, I have an amazing amount of split ends and my hair is stringy.
Another amazing haircut!! My mom had her straight hair cut by Tiffany and she did an amazing job too!
Thank you for a wonderful curly haircut. Patrick was very knowledgeable & very helpful with what to do & try with my hair. I tell everyone I know. Thanks for a terrific cut. Also everyone at the salon was very friendly.
Ultimate Image IS by far the best salon in the area! Been a client for 13 years and love them! Great staff, amazing stylists! They definitely go above and beyond the call of duty for their clients! Melanie is a great stylist - I highly recommend her to all my friends and family!
Absolutely the best curly cut I have ever had. Patrick is so lovely and knows his hair! I felt so relaxed and had complete confidence in his decisions. He gave me great tips on how to care for my hair type (even how to shampoo and condition properly) and I am extremely happy with his product recommendations. I have had many curly cuts before (at many a big name salon) and I have never had such a great cut before! I am so excited and I am telling all my friends (curly or otherwise). Thank you Patrick!!!
A big city haircut in a country setting! Perhaps the best curly cut I have ever had. Patrick is lovely and extremely talented. He knows his hair! The salon has a relaxed atmosphere and everyone is very friendly. I have tried so many salons (even ones with positive ratings on this site) and they have been fine... but I was very impressed by Patrick's skill and knowledge. Most importantly, he listened to me! He gave me great advice and styling tips and graciously said to call if I had any questions about the cut or needed something re-cut (this frequently happens with curly hair) and the products he used were lovely. It was a great experience and I will definitely be going back and telling all my friends (curly or otherwise)!
Excellent excellent excellent! I started going to Ultimate Image about 9 months ago. My hair was difficult to say the least - not anymore! Patrick cuts my hair and Dawn colors my hair and I recommend them both. In addition, this salon is up tp date, friendly, and professional. You get a great feeling from the minute you walk in the door to the time you leave. I am also using great products that I purchased at this salon and think they are the best I've ever used (and not ridiculously expensive either). Go to this salon if you can - see Patrick for your cut and Dawn for your color!!
Wow!! After reading the recommendations on this site I decided to book an appointment with Patrick, and was very happy! I used to call around and ask salons if they had someone who knew how to cut curly hair, but I quickly found out that they all lie! They usually claim to have a curly hair specialist who ends up being anyone that's available at the time of your appointment. Then they proceed to soak and cut your hair no differently than if it were straight. Patrick is definitely the real deal. I have never had a better hair cut! (And considering I was chopping off 10+ inches to donate to locks of love the first time, this is a considerable compliment.) Also, I've never had to take him up on this, but he offerred to make touch ups if I washed my hair the next day and found that something wasn't right. The hairuct is a little pricier than I'm used to paying but not at all unreasonable, and considering the quality I'd say it's definitely worth it. I'm currently residing in Switzerland, but I make sure to make an appointment with Patrick when I'm back in Connecticut.
I made an appointment with Patrick based on the recommendations on this site. I chose to ignore the few negative comments people left. I actually almost went to someone else in the area but I am so happy I didn't my search is over. My old hairdresser is great too but she cuts my hair so I can wear it straight. I just want to wear my hair natural and I finally found someone that really understands the challenges of curly hair. I have a beautiful hairstyle I thought he was absolutely FABULOUS! He was very knowlegeable, great personality, and took the time to LISTEN to what I wanted. He really took his time cutting my hair, which he did dry and I can't tell you what a huge difference that made in how my curls fall. He taught me how to cleanse, condition and style my hair. I am definetely going back. I'll be telling all my curly head friends! Thanks Patrick!
I went to Patrick based on all the positive recommendations and was very, very happy with the first and second haircuts. Nice guy but the third, however, was awful. Very uneven and so short in spots that it took me 6 months to grow it out properly. Moved on after that experience.
Maybe I caught him on an off day, but I have to disagree with the others who have posted about Patrick. I went to him based on the recommendations on this site, and boy was I disappointed. I wanted a change, and asked him to cut my long curls into short curls all over my head. Well, he cut my hair so short it didn't even curl anymore. When I seemed concerned, he tried to change the cut midstream and I had to go back to have him fix it. It's growing out unevenly now, and I have to say I will never go back to see him.
Patrick is a great stylist with soo much experience in cutting curly hair. He recently gave me a much needed shorter cut and I love it! I moved to New Mexico from Connecticut 2 years ago and I always go back to Patrick for my haircuts. In between visits to Connecticut, I just ask my stylist to "follow th lines" of how Patrick cuts my hair. Although I have gone to many New York stylists, I find Patrick to be the best of the best!


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LGT Capital Partners' Tycho Sneyers elected to the PRI board
LGT Capital Partners is pleased to announce that Tycho Sneyers has been elected to the board of the United Nations sponsored Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI).
Tycho Sneyers, a managing partner at LGT Capital Partners, was elected by the PRI asset manager signatories and will be one of two asset managers on the PRI board. He will serve for a three-year term beginning on 1 January 2018.
Mr. Sneyers has over 15 years of experience in ESG topics and has led LGT Capital Partners' early efforts in integrating responsible investment considerations into the firm's private equity programs. As Chairman of the firm's ESG Committee, Mr. Sneyers has also overseen the firm's strategy for embedding ESG principles into LGT Capital Partners' other investment offerings, including liquid alternatives, multi-asset portfolios and sustainable bond and equity funds.
Mr. Sneyers comments: "I am delighted and honored to have been elected to the PRI board. I look forward to working closely with my board colleagues, PRI staff and PRI signatories in shaping efforts to turn the sustainable development agenda into reality."
About the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
The PRI is the world's leading proponent of responsible investment. It works to understand the investment implications of ESG factors and to support its international network of investor signatories in incorporating these factors into their investment and ownership decisions. The PRI acts in the long-term interests of its signatories, of the financial markets and economies in which they operate, and ultimately of the environment and society as a whole. Visit the PRI website for more details: www.unpri.org.
The PRI board is collectively responsible for the long-term success of the PRI and in particular for: establishing the PRI's mission, vision and values; setting the strategy, risk appetite and structure; delegating the implementation of the strategy to the PRI Association Executive (the Executive); monitoring the Executive's performance against the strategy; exercising accountability to signatories and being responsible to relevant stakeholders.
The board is composed of: one independent Chair (confirmed by a signatory vote) and ten Directors (seven elected by asset owner signatories, two by investment manager signatories and one by service provider signatories). The Chair and all elected Directors are the Statutory Members of the Company. There are two Permanent UN Advisors to the Board, representatives from the PRI's founding UN partners: UN Global Compact and UNEP Finance Initiative.


Governor Murphy proclaimed April 16th as Healthcare Decisions Day in New Jersey. Honoring National Healthcare Decisions Day, events are being planned throughout the state during April focused on engaging communities in fruitful dialogue - The Conversation of Your Life (COYL) - to let individual's family, friends, and health care providers understand and respect their end-of-life wishes. Senior Source at Riverside Square Mall hosted the April 5th event "Important Things You Want Your Loved Ones to Know" which addressed the impact of doing or not doing advance care planning.
Marla Klein, Partnership Coordinator for the Bergen County Department of Health Services, opened the event describing available programs and efforts that are underway to improve the quality of life for seniors in Bergen County, including the Mayors Wellness Campaign and its COYL program, local hospital balance, exercise and nutrition programs as well as the many other health education programs scheduled at local places like Senior Source.
Lisa Blume, a Holy Name Medical Center hospice RN and Tracey Arnauer, Villa Marie Claire Hospice Social Worker, presented information and clarified the differences among Living Wills, Advance Directives, and POLST (Practitioner Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment). Lisa's presentation focused on New Jersey laws including that you do not need a lawyer to complete an advance directive and that there are two parts to the Advance Directive—the Living Will (Instruction Directive) and the Power of Attorney (Proxy Directive). She also emphasized that the form can be updated and/or cancelled at any time and that copies of older versions should be marked. Tracey answered questions about when POLST is important. Recurring statements from presenters emphasized including healthcare providers in your healthcare wishes as well as carefully choosing a healthcare agent who will honor your wishes.
Naomi McDermott, Jewish Home of Rockleigh Director of Social Services, and Leslie Greenberg, Senior Source Director of Communications and Outreach, shared their personal, family and professional experiences that highlighted the importance of communicating your end-of-life care wishes ahead of time. Their real life stories of hardship and family stress that could have been avoided with proper prior planning included incidents involving importance of healthcare directives document being readily accessible for EMT's and making copies for family members and healthcare providers as well as one for packing when traveling. Naomi McDermott's most compelling message about completing your living will was to save your loved ones from having to make emotionally taxing decisions on your behalf when the time comes.
Hackensack Health Officer Susan McVeigh and Bob Goodman arrived with their healthcare directives document, Five Wishes, thoughtfully completed. They publicly signed and date their living wills in front of two adult witnesses who also signed and dated the document.
According to Kathy Kuzma, COYL Task Force member, promotion of the Five Wishes document by the COYL program is due to the overwhelming response it has received as the first "living will with a heart and soul." This healthcare advance directive is clear and easy to understand. It leads people to think about (1)how to choose the person they wish to make care decisions for them when they cannot, (2) what kind of medical treatment they want or don't want, (3) how comfortable they wish to be, (4) how they wish to be treated and, finally, (5) special things they wish their loved ones to know. It is available in 27 languages. Each attendee was gifted a copy of Five Wishes and was encouraged to have the conversations and to complete the document before April 16.
"I have been planning to sign my advance directives for almost 2 years," shared Bob Goodman after signing his Five Wishes. "My son is a Doctor and could not advise me because he himself was conflicted with what decisions were best for me in my very tenuous medical condition, so both of us just ignored the responsibility of completing the paperwork," he recounted. "After attending and listening to the wonderful and moving presentation that was given on Friday, April 5th at Senior Source by Kathy Kuzma and other COYL Task Force members, I realized the importance of completing these forms." Bob concluded, "I now understood all the implications and dangers of not having them completed and distributed to the proper doctors and family members. I was able to actually sign the documents in a comfortable and safe environment and it became very clear to me what my choices and decisions were. Thank you to Kathy Kuzma and her team who worked so hard to make this day happen for me."
Michele Silver, Senior Source Executive Director, closed the event thanking the Bergen COYL Task Force and Kathy Kuzma, President of North Jersey Villages for co-sponsoring this event to encourage local adults to plan ahead for future health care decisions and to document those wishes.
COYL Task Force members are experts and professionals who volunteer their time at these events to help guide people in adequately preparing their healthcare advance directives. COYL is a program of the New Jersey Health Care Quality Institute's Mayors Wellness Campaign. Adrian Diogo, Director of Mayors Wellness Campaign was in attendance and available to answer questions.
For additional information, please go to www.njhcqi.org/COYL. If you would like to learn more about planning a local COYL event for older adults in your community, contact kathy@northjerseyvillages.org.


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Paolo Bertoli (ur. 1 lutego 1908 w Poggio Garfagnana – zm. 8 listopada 2001 w Rzymie) – włoski duchowny katolicki, kardynał, kamerling.

Życiorys
Po ukończeniu seminarium duchownego w Lucca, a następnie studiów prawniczych w Rzymie otrzymał święcenia kapłańskie 15 sierpnia 1930 roku. Trzy lata później rozpoczął pracę w służbie dyplomatycznej Stolicy Apostolskiej. Jego pierwszą placówką była nuncjatura apostolska w Belgradzie. Pierwsze lata drugiej wojny światowej spędził w nuncjaturze w Paryżu, a następnie, w 1942 roku, został przeniesiony na Haiti, gdzie pracował przez kolejne cztery lata. W 1946 roku zamieszkał w Bernie w Szwajcarii. Reprezentował wówczas Stolicę Apostolską na licznych konferencjach międzynarodowych, które odbywały się tam w trudnych latach powojennych. W 1949 roku miał udać się do pracy w nuncjaturze w Pradze, lecz misja ta nie doszła do skutku ze względu na zerwanie przez rząd komunistyczny Czechosłowacji stosunków dyplomatycznych ze Stolicą Apostolską. 24 marca 1952 roku został mianowany arcybiskupem tytularnym Nikomedii. Po konsekracji, która się odbyła 11 maja 1952, udał się z misją do Turcji. W 1953 roku został mianowany nuncjuszem w Kolumbii, w 1959 roku objął placówkę w Libanie, a po roku w Paryżu. 28 kwietnia 1969 roku Paweł VI podniósł go do godności kardynała z tytułem diakona San Girolamo della Carità, powierzając mu stanowisko prefekta Kongregacji Spraw Kanonizacyjnych. Na tym stanowisku pozostawał do 1973 roku. Paweł VI w 1976 roku raz jeszcze posłał go z misją do Libanu, gdzie toczyła się wojna. W 1979 roku został przez Jana Pawła II mianowany Kamerlingiem Świętego Kościoła Rzymskiego; funkcję tę pełnił do 1985 roku, w którym miał wylew i został sparaliżowany.

Brał udział w konklawe po śmierci papieży Pawła VI oraz Jana Pawła I.

Bibliografia
 Wielka Encyklopedia Jana Pawła II, Edipresse Warszawa 2005,
 Sylwetka w słowniku biograficznym kardynałów Salvadora Mirandy

Włoscy kardynałowie
Uczestnicy soboru watykańskiego II
Urodzeni w 1908
Zmarli w 2001
Kardynałowie z nominacji Pawła VI
Współpracownicy Jana Pawła II

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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A closer look at 'Who's Choosin' Who?'
From bad to worse?
In discussing the Declaration of Independence, Melissa Harris-Perry noted Jefferson's statement that all men are created equal. "[Martin Luther King Jr.] later calls it a check that has come back for insufficient funds," said Harris-Perry. "But it's better that the check was written — then it is clear that the debt is owed." Harris-Perry was Radcliffe's guest speaker for the Maurine and Robert Rothschild Lecture.
Commentator Harris-Perry offers her view on the 'New American Politics'
By Jeffrey Blackwell Harvard Correspondent
Melissa Harris-Perry, the host of the weekend news and political talk show that bears her name on MSNBC, addressed nearly 400 people at Radcliffe's Knafel Center on Thursday for the Maurine and Robert Rothschild Lecture. Her topic: "Who's Choosin' Who? Race, Gender, and the New American Politics."
A professor of political science at Wake Forest University and a columnist for The Nation, Harris-Perry said she believes that living in a democracy means having the right to govern and not simply be governed, to rule and not just be ruled, to be heard and not silenced, and to lose without fear that the winners will take all. But securing that system, she noted — and especially a share for the losers in an election ― is difficult in practice.
"Thomas Jefferson is my personal obsession, having grown up at the University of Virginia and because he is in the moment of penning the Declaration of Independence doing an extraordinary thing, that many in the political world failed to do in this moment," Harris-Perry said. "He writes an aspirational document and this document is key to the thing that continues to make America an interesting project."
The struggle, however, is fulfilling the promise of Jefferson's statement that all men are created equal. "[Martin Luther King Jr.] later calls it a check that has come back for insufficient funds," said Harris-Perry. "But it's better that the check was written — then it is clear that the debt is owed."
A steady expansion of franchise for Americans began in 1870 with the 15th Amendment, which promised that voting rights could not be denied "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." The 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920, secured the voting rights of women.
Both African-Americans and women have cultivated that franchise, Harris-Perry said. Black voters are becoming an increasing portion of the overall electorate. By most measures, in 2000 and 2008, African-American voters exceeded other minority groups and white voter turnout. In every election since 1980, the number of female voters have exceeded the male voter turnout. In 2004, 8.4 million more women than men voted in the election, she said.
"What we see is that black folks really take pretty good care of their franchise," Harris-Perry said. "If you take it by gender, you will see this is powered by black women. Black women are the reason Barack Obama is president."
Women are too complicated and diverse to be identified as a single voting block, she argued. In the 2008 presidential election, 56 percent of white women voted for Republican Mitt Romney. He also won the married woman vote. Obama won the votes of 96 percent of African-Americans, as well as the majority of Latino and single women.
"So the gender gap is real, but it is crossed by race and status," said Harris-Perry. "I think we do a disservice in thinking of the franchise as primarily being about identity groups, and that we might be better to remember other aspects of our constitution."
One example she sighted was the 13th Amendment, which impacted the voting rights of people in prisons across the nation. In 2010, 5.8 million Americans were incarcerated and unable to vote. She also focused on current legal battles dealing with the requirement that voters have specific identification as well as access to polling places.
But Harris-Perry said the real challenge is encouraging women, African-Americans, and other minorities to seek office.
"I want to think about how we determine who is governing and is this just," she said. "I think of voting like the brushing your teeth of democracy: I'm pleased but not impressed."
Gregory Davis, 26, a first-year doctoral student in African-American studies, was one of many attendees who stood in line to ask Harris-Perry a question following her lecture.
"She was candid and she talked about politics in a way I have not thought about before, and about the give-and-take of taking power, giving power to other people, and how we negotiate and manage that," he said. "It was a really brilliant illustration of the world we are in right now."
"I think it's maybe premature to say we're in a new Cold War, but we're sliding down and have not yet reached the bottom," said Sergey Rogov, director of the Institute for the U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Science, who warned that U.S. efforts to isolate Russia could push the nation into the arms of China.


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James Creighton, Jr. (April 15, 1841 – October 18, 1862) was an American baseball player during the game's amateur era, and is considered by historians to be the sport's first superstar and one of its earliest paid competitors. In 1860 and 1862 he played for one of the most dominant teams of the era, the Excelsior of Brooklyn. He also was reputed to be a superb cricketer, and played in many amateur and professional cricket matches.

During this early, pre-professional period of baseball's evolution, Creighton's pitching technique changed the sport from a game that showcased hitting, running, and fielding into a confrontation between the pitcher and batter. Under rules of the day, a pitcher was required to deliver the ball in an underhand motion with a stiff arm/stiff wrist movement. The intention was to induce the batter to swing and put the ball in play, thus initiating action on the diamond. Creighton's swift delivery was difficult for opposing batters to hit, because they were accustomed to balls being lobbed over the plate.

The speed with which Creighton was able to hurl the ball had previously been considered impossible without movement of the elbow or wrist, which was prohibited by existing rules. If there were any such movements by Creighton, they were imperceptible. Nonetheless, he was accused by some opponents and spectators of using an illegal delivery. In effect, because Creighton was exceptionally successful, his opponents assumed he was cheating.

However, the competitive advantage of this delivery, and his success as a pitcher, eventually led others to emulate his technique. Historian Thomas Gilbert, in his 2015 book Playing First: Early Baseball Lives at Brooklyn's Green-Wood Cemetery, which includes a chapter on Creighton and his extended family, referred to Creighton's pitching style as "weaponizing the ball."

In October 1862, at the height of his popularity, Creighton suffered a ruptured abdominal hernia, a condition possibly caused and exacerbated by his unorthodox pitching motion and high per-game pitch counts. The rupture caused internal bleeding, and Creighton died four days later.

Early life
Creighton was born on April 15, 1841 in Manhattan to James and Jane Creighton, and was raised in Brooklyn. By age 16, he had become recognized in the Brooklyn area for his batting skills in both baseball and cricket. In 1857, along with other neighborhood youths, he formed a local baseball club named Young America. During this period, there were no organized leagues and few competing teams, so amateur clubs spent much of their time practicing and playing intra-squad games, with occasional matches against rivals. Young America played a few match games before disbanding. Creighton then became a member of Niagara of Brooklyn, playing second base.

Baseball

Discovery by the Star Club
In a match on July 19, 1859, the Niagaras were being heavily outscored by the Star Club of Brooklyn. Creighton, who had thus far been used by the team primarily in the infield, was brought on as a substitute pitcher. Using what observers described as a "low, swift delivery," Creighton achieved uncommonly swift velocity. With the balls "rising from the ground past the shoulder to the catcher," the Star batsmen were unable to hit them effectively. Under the rules of baseball at the time, a pitcher was required to deliver the ball underhanded with arm locked straight at the elbow and at the wrist. Another technique he used was to give the baseball spinning motion, making it harder for the batters to hit it squarely. Additionally, he threw a high-arcing slower pitch called a "dew-drop." It was the job of the pitcher to make it easy for the batter to hit the ball as fielding was considered the game's true skill. Star batsmen claimed that Creighton was using an illegal snap of the wrist to deliver the pitch. The Star Club eventually won the game, but following the match, Creighton left the Niagaras and joined the Stars.

Joins the Excelsiors

Before the 1860 season began, Creighton left the Star Club and joined one of the highest-profiled clubs in the game at the time, the Excelsior of Brooklyn. With their new star pitcher, the Excelsiors became a national sensation. They organized the first known baseball tour outside of their home region, taking on teams along the East Coast of the United States. That first season, Creighton scored 47 runs in 20 match games, and was retired just 56 times and did not strike out. In a game against the St. George Cricket Club on November 8, he recorded baseball's first shutout. In addition to his pitching skills, he became the game's best batter. In 1862, he batted 1.000, getting hits in all 65 of his at-bats. (The Excelsiors did not play in 1861, as many players had left to fight in the Civil War.)

Pitching style
When observing Creighton bowling in a cricket match, English cricketer John Lillywhite commented, "Why, that man is not bowling, he is throwing underhand. It is the best disguised underhand throwing I ever saw, and might readily be taken for a fair delivery." Another observer said that his pitch was "as swift as [if] it was shot out of [a] cannon." Exclesior teammate John (a.k.a. "Jack") Chapman later in his life wrote that Creighton "...had wonderful speed, and, with it, splendid command. He was fairly unhittable." Others, especially more tradition-minded members in the baseball community, complained that not only were his pitches illegal, but also unsportsmanlike. After Creighton held the famed rival Brooklyn Atlantics to five runs, an extraordinarily low total for the era, the Brooklyn Eagle dispatched a reporter to determine whether or not his pitch was legal. The journalistic witness reported that Creighton was throwing a "fair square pitch", rather than a "jerk" or an "underhand throw."

Professionalism

During this era of baseball, the game was an amateur sport, and clubs served as social organizations with sporting activities rather than as strictly sports alliances. Creighton was described as principled, unassuming, and gentlemanly — traits considered ideal during the amateur era. However, rumors circulated that clubs had started paying exceptional players in an under-the-table manner. Clubs would hire the player ostensibly for a position of responsibility within their administration, or the player would be given a sinecure in a municipal department, with the understanding that there were no actual duties required beyond playing for the sports team.

In 1860, the Excelsior Club lured Creighton, along with teammates George Flanley and the brothers Asa and Henry Brainard. All but Henry Brainard were quietly paid a salary, with Creighton earning $500, thus making these men some of the earliest "professional" baseball players. After winning the National Association championship in 1860, Creighton and Asa Brainard jumped from the Excelsior Club to the Atlantic Club of Brooklyn. This move lasted only three weeks, and without having played any games, both players returned to the Excelsiors. While the practice of pay-for-play unofficially spread throughout baseball in the coming years, open professionalism didn't begin until the 1869 season, when the Cincinnati Red Stockings paid a salary to each member of the team.

Cricket
Creighton was considered a prominent member of the cricket community, playing both amateur and professional. He performed for the American Cricket Club in both 1861 and 1862, often playing against the all-England team, whether at Hoboken's Elysian Fields or elsewhere. Though the English teams would dominate these matches, Creighton fared well. In an 1859 match of 11 Englishmen against 16 Americans, he clean bowled five wickets out of six successive balls.

Death

There has been some historical controversy about the circumstances of Creighton's death. On October 14, 1862, Creighton played second base in a match on the Excelsior Grounds against the Union of Morrisania club, while Brainard pitched. Creighton had allegedly hit four doubles in four at bats during the first five innings. As chronicled 50 years later by a witness to the game, Jack Chapman, Creighton took over pitching duties from Brainard in the sixth inning, and in his next at bat hit a home run. While swinging the bat, he allegedly suffered an injury in his abdominal area. According to Chapman, when Creighton crossed home plate, he commented to the next batter, George Flanley, that he heard something snap. After the game, he began to experience severe pain and hemorrhaging in his abdomen. He died in his father's home on October 18 at the age of 21. In an 1887 issue of an early sports newspaper, the Sporting Life, a letter-writer, who signed only as "Old Timer", sent in his account of the event.  This account reported it as a ruptured bladder; in the light of modern medical understanding, the injury was most likely a ruptured inguinal hernia.

However, subsequent research indicates that Creighton's death by hitting a home run was fabricated years later to dramatize his martyrdom. "Dying while hitting a long home run is a great story; it's just not true," said Tom Shieber, senior curator of the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Shieber researched original news sources and found no references to Creighton hitting a home run in that game. The death-by-home-run myth was popularized, and probably started, five decades later by Chapman. Alfred H. Spink's 1910 book The National Game quoted Chapman as saying, "I was present at the game between the Excelsiors and the Unions [sic] of Morrisiana at which Jim Creighton injured himself. He did it in hitting out a home run. When he had crossed the rubber [i.e., home plate] he turned to George Flanley and said, 'I must have snapped my belt.'" Countless historians have refuted this legend, but it has taken root as factual.

Later research has suggested that Creighton's hernia was chronic, and that the tremendous workload from baseball and cricket contributed to worsening the hernia. In that era, balls and strikes were not called, and batters who couldn't hit Creighton's rapid deliveries adapted by refusing to swing at good pitches, forcing Creighton to throw well over 300 pitches per match. Pitching with great force and the exaggerated body contortions necessary to achieve high velocity exacerbated his condition.

Creighton's death caused concern in the sports world that public perceptions of baseball and cricket would focus on the inherent dangers of their play, hurting the sports' popularity. Though it is generally accepted that Creighton fatally injured himself while playing baseball, it was reported that the Excelsior president, Dr. Joseph Jones, made comments during the National Association convention of 1862 that constituted an attempt to "correct" this notion. He claimed that Creighton had suffered the injury, instead, while playing cricket in a match on October 7. Later research claims that Dr. Jones' assertions are correct; Creighton had died of a "strangulated intestine", and did not hit a home run during his final game. Dr. Jones' remarks have been interpreted as his attempt to save baseball's image, and its nearly equal standing with cricket, as well as his team's legacy after losing their best player. Baseball at the time was constantly "looking forward", and Creighton's death provided the sport with a certain mythology and much-needed nostalgia.

Creighton was buried in Brooklyn's Green-Wood Cemetery. His gravesite was marked by a 12-foot marble obelisk crowned with a large marble baseball.

Legacy

Baseball writer John Thorn commented in his book, Baseball in the Garden of Eden: The Secret History of the Early Game, that Creighton "was baseball's first hero, and I believe, the most important player not inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame."

At the time, the sport of cricket was the most popular team sport in the United States, but Creighton and the Excelsiors had brought considerable attention to baseball. Creighton's popularity grew substantially after his death. In the following decade, teams began honoring him by naming themselves after him, and others paid tribute by visiting his gravesite. As long as twenty years later, though the public adored their star pitchers, comparisons to Creighton would inevitably emerge. It was not considered controversial to compliment a pitcher with the caveat that he "warn't no Creighton." For years following his death, the Excelsiors' program included a portrait of their team with Creighton, shrouded in black, featured prominently in the center.

Creighton's indirect legacy is perhaps most profoundly seen in what is now considered a fundamental component of the game: the called ball and the walk.  Neither existed during Creighton's lifetime, but his many imitators, who pitched with Creighton's velocity but not his control, prompted batters to stand at the plate without swinging for lengthy intervals, waiting for a pitch within reach.  Consequently, the sport's then-governing body, the National Association of Base Ball Players, introduced a rule for the 1864 season which penalized pitchers who repeatedly failed to deliver "good balls:" the called ball, three of which gave the batter a free pass to first base.

Many think that the rule in reference to pitching will greatly promote the attractiveness of the game... The time will come when slow, twisting balls, pitched with skill and judgment, will supersede the rifle-shooter of would-be Creightons. The fast pitching system is "played out". Spectators have become disgusted with waiting hour after hour to see three or four innings played, the pitcher and catcher tired from over-work, the batsman annoyed and irritated from waiting for good balls, the fieldsmen idle and cross for want of something to do, and all the "vim" and spirit of the game being lost, because "we want to show 'em what a bully swift pitcher we've got".These new rules, in this respect, practically take the most effective part of swift pitching out of the hands of pitchers; for, to tell the truth, not a solitary instance of fair pitching, that was very swift, have we seen since Creighton died.Posthumous postscripts

The 12-foot marble obelisk marking Creighton's grave at Green-Wood was originally crowned with a large marble baseball. However, the finial went missing and was presumed stolen in the late 19th or early 20th century. In 2014, after a successful funding campaign to restore the monument, a replica of the original finial was installed and unveiled during a public ceremony.Helsel, Phil, "Historians Restore Grave of a Pioneering Brooklyn Baseball Pitcher," Wall Street Journal, April 16, 2014

Only two photographs of Creighton are known to exist, one of him posing as a pitcher, the other as a member of the Brooklyn Excelsiors.

The television series The Simpsons'' made reference to Creighton in the Season 3 episode "Homer at the Bat", where Mr. Burns has him pegged as the right fielder for his company's softball team. His assistant Smithers has to point out that all the players Mr. Burns had selected are long dead, making reference in particular to Creighton by saying "In fact, your right fielder has been dead for 130 years."

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRD5lIyu9UA

1841 births
1862 deaths
19th-century baseball players
Baseball deaths
Brooklyn Stars players
Brooklyn Excelsiors players
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
Sports deaths in New York (state)
Sportspeople from Manhattan
Baseball players from New York City
Deaths from hernias
Deaths from bleeding


text:
Taiwan urged to sustain social movement momentum
Generation 18 Founder David Burstein (left).
Taipei, Sept. 13 (CNA) The founder of Generation 18 -- a nonpartisan young voter engagement organization based in the United States -- said Friday that the Taiwanese should build on the success of recent civic movements to raise further awareness and engage more people for participation in public affairs.
David Burstein, 24, said the recent rallies in Taiwan, including the one that demanded the protection of human rights in the military after a soldier was allegedly abused to death during his service, had granted access to people wanting to participate in important social issues.
Known as the "White Shirt Movement," the rally, organized online by some 40 youth, drew hundreds of thousands of demonstrators to Taiwan's streets last month.
The experience of holding mass protests and uniting the public's discontent should be well preserved, so that the momentum continues and leads to greater action, stated Burstein, who is visiting Taiwan to exchange ideas with local youth at the invitation of the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT).
Although not everyone can make a long-term commitment to speaking up on social issues, the key is to build capacity for stronger public engagement, noted Burstein, who will attend an AIT forum to share his ideas about civic engagement in the younger generation.
"As long as you have a group of people who are willing to go out there and continue to organize, that's what really matters," said the Millennial writer.
A wise use of social networks and digital media could also keep such a movement vibrant, he suggested, adding that the integration of an emotional appeal might help young activists deliver their messages more effectively.
On the other hand, the authorities should be ready to adapt to these new thoughts and be willing to change following the growing civic engagement from the youth, Burstein said.
"There has to be an opening of the mind, an understanding that young people are not the leaders of tomorrow. They are the leaders of today," Burstein said.
(By Lee Hsin-Yin)ENDITEM/Shradhha


Liverpool boss Jurgen Klopp has hailed Mohamed Salah for his performance in the Reds' 3-0 victory over Bournemouth on Saturday.
Mohamed Salah scored his side's third goal of the game as the Reds tormented Bournemouth at Anfield to move top of the Premier League.
This marks Salah's 17th league strike as he is currently leading the Premier League Golden Boot race, two goals ahead of Arsenal's Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang.
"The record is good but the performance was really good. He played an outstanding game," Klopp said after the game.
"It was exactly the football he is able to play, and that we want him to play – very involved in things, not only scoring but in the build-up as well.
"Sometimes dropping deep, in the half-spaces, staying wide, all that stuff. That's exactly how he has to play and he did it in an outstanding manner.
"The goal he scored, I don't think you find a lot of players who would do what Bobby did in that moment.
"Most would try to shoot and be blocked, but he does a little pass and Mo is then obviously a pretty cool finisher," the German added.
Mohamed Salah's side are currently preparing for a highly anticipated clash against Bayern Munich on February 19 in the round of 16 of the UEFA Champions League.


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