text:
Incidence of anthracnose in auxin-treated soybean plants and seedlings in laboratory and greenhouse conditions
Communications in Plant Sciences, vol 8, p.15-21, 2018 (2018003)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26814/cps2018003
Authors: Renan Pan, Tauane Santos Brito, João Paulo Fonesi de Carvalho, Lenir Aparecida Buss, Idiana Marina Dalastra, and Marcia de Holanda Nozaki
Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the incidence and severity of anthracnose on soybean plants and seedlings treated with coco-grass extract and 2,4-D. The samples of Colletotrichum sp. were distributed into petri dishes containing BDA medium. After replicate, the dishes were sealed with a plastic film and placed for growth in the BOD chamber at 27 ºC for one week, then performed a new replication. Ten soybean seeds were put into plastic boxes fully filled with autoclaved sand, using six replicates. Treatments consisted of spraying a solution of coco-grass extract or 2,4-D at concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% on soybean seedlings and plants, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. An increase in the number of injured plants according to the increase of the concentration of the extract, where a smaller but not insignificant number of plants injured in the treatment 25% of coco-grass and the maximum value of injured plants in the highest concentration (100%) of this treatment.
Highlighted Conclusions
Auxin derived from coco-grass extract causes a greater susceptibility of soybean to anthracnosis.
Keywords: Glycine max, Plant disease, Hormone.
Soybean is largely cultivated on all regions of the world, it reached a production of 334,894,085 Mg in the crop year of 2016, being United States, Brazil and Argentina the largest producers in the world (FAO 2018). The role of soybeans in the Brazilian industry is also recognized, according to MAPA (2015), about 5.8 million Mg of edible oil are produced per year, 23.5 million Mg of protein meal, out of a total of 30.7 million tons of soybean that the industry transforms in byproducts.
The search for alternative methods that may increase productivity in some way, such as investment in soil fertility, use of crop rotation, use of irrigation, control of pathogens and use of plant regulators are essential for the continuity of the agricultural market, however, there are cases where the use of plant regulators makes the plant more susceptible to the action of the pathogen in its cell.
The use of auxin in a plant, whether in biological or synthetic form, is an example of this, its use cases a series of effects, such as cell elongation and differentiation, membrane permeability impairment, increase in respiration process, increase in synthesis of messenger RNA and increase in the synthesis of proteins, such factors are responsible for the better development of the plant (Agrios 1997). However, these processes make the cell wall more susceptible, helping the fungus to penetrate the plant cells more efficiently, since it is no longer so hard.
Anthracnose is one of the major fungal diseases of economic interest of soybeans, directly attacking the pods, causing them to fall and consequently a fall in production (Kimati 2005). It is known that some pathogens are responsible for increasing the concentrations of auxin in plants, which in turn leads to a greater susceptibility of the cell wall of the plants to the enzymes that the pathogens produce, thus facilitating their contamination (Llorente et al. 2008).
Indirect effects in plants may be caused by the presence of auxin such as cell wall structure, root morphology and stomatal pattern. For example, rice plants treated with Indol Acetic Acid (IAA) obtained a decrease in the resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae probably due to the activation of the biosynthesis of the cell walls that loosened the walls, facilitating the development of pathogens (Ding et al. 2008).
The hypothesis is that plants treated with auxin, whether in biological or synthetic form, will present a higher incidence of anthracnose under them. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the incidence and severity of anthracnose on soybean plants and seedlings treated with coco-grass extract and 2,4-D Amine 72.
The present work was carried out in the laboratory of phytopathology and in greenhouse of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, campus Toledo, with coordinates 24°43'S and 53°46'W. First, the sample containing Colletotrichum dematium. was provided by the UFPR (Universidade Federal do Paraná), Palotina campus and then distributed into 20 petri dishes containing 20 ml of BDA medium only. For the experiment the cultivar "BMX RR Potencia" was chosen, which has a high size, good resistance to bedding, high yield potential, medium to high demand of soil fertility and accepted by the agricultural zoning for the western region of Parana (Brasmax 2015), being the seeds obtained from a rural property located in the municipality of Matelandia – PR.
Each petri dish, together with the culture medium and the other materials were autoclaved at 120 ºC and 1 Atm for 15 minutes and the placed in drying oven at 50 ºC for 12 hours. The fungus distribution was performed in a laminar flow chamber with ultraviolet light. It was cleaned with 70% alcohol and then the ultraviolet was turned on for 15 minutes to cause the germicidal effect to act on any remaining organism.
After the replicate, the plates were sealed with a plastic film and placed for growth in the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) chamber at 27 ºC for one week, then performed a new replication. In the first attempt of replication there was contamination of the plates, being necessary to discard all the material and then carried out a new inoculation through a new inoculum collected from bean plants. The material replication was by the identification of the fungus in a magnifying glass, and the material was cut and sanitized in sodium hypochlorite for one minute, followed by 70% alcohol for 30 seconds and then triple washed in distilled and autoclaved water.
After washing, the material was then spread into 20 petri dishes containing solid BDA culture medium for fungus growth, after seven days were discarded the contaminated plants and performed another replication of the non-contaminated petri dishes. Then, after another seven days, another 20 petri dishes were replicated, repeating the process and discarding the contaminated ones until 60 viable petri dishes were obtained.
For the preparation of the coco-grass extracts, were collected the aerial part of these plants, washed with deionized water and then weighted according to the treatments, then the plants were grinded with distilled water in a blender for five minutes. After grinded, the extract was sieved to remove the excesses. The laboratory experiment had 2 different parameters tested (coco-grass extract and 2,4-D diluted) which consisted in: 100% (1 g of green extract for each 10 mL of deionized water), 75% (0.75 g of green extract for each 10 mL of deionized water), 50% (0.5 g of green extract for each 10 mL of deionized water), 25% (0.25 g of green extract for each 10 mL of deionized water) and 0% (deionized water only) for the coco-grass. For the 2,4-D essay the dilutions were made with a 1 mL pipette and 5 beakers containing deionized water, forming the following treatments: 100% (1.0 mL of 2,4-D to 1.0 liter of water), 75% (0.75 mL of 2,4-D to 1.0 liter of water), 50% (0.5 mL of 2,4-D to 1.0 liter of water), 25% (0.25 mL of 2,4-D to 1.0 liter of water) and 0% (deionized water only).
Ten soybean seeds were put into Gerbox® boxes fully filled with autoclaved sand with six replicates per treatment. Seven days after sowing, the treatments were applied with the help of a 500 mL hand spray, spraying about 20 mL of each treatment per box.
At 14 days after sowing was performed the inoculation of 106 spores previously counted in a Neubauer chamber. To prepare the inoculum containing the fungus, a petri dish completely colonized by the fungus was diluted with 10 mL of deionized water. From this dilution was removed 0.1 mL which was laid up on the Neubauer chamber with a coverslip, and then were counted the four largest quadrants in a microscope with a 100-fold increase, then made and average of the number of spores with the following formula and, as the formula gives us only a factor of 104 a rule of 3 has been made until the required factor 106 was obtained.
After that, in a greenhouse, 8 seeds were sowed, per pot, in polypropylene pots with a capacity of 11 liters of soil, filled with commercial substrate and autoclaved sand in the 2:1 proportion preciously mixed in a tarp on the ground, so that there was a better distribution between sand particles and substrate. When the emergence occurred the thinning was done, leaving only 4 plants per plot.
The application of the previously formulated coco-grass and 2,4-D extracts in the same concentrations as the laboratory test were carried out in the V5 stage of the culture, being the inoculation of the spores in the concentration of 106 carried out in the R1 stage, in both cases a hand spray for application was used.
The whole plants were collected at the R4 stage, where the following factors were evaluated: aerial part fresh weight, aerial part length, percentage of powdery mildew in the plants, root fresh weight, root length, percentage of anthracnose in plants, aerial and root dry weight.
The weighting was carried out with a precision scale, the drying of the material was carried out in a vertical forced circulation oven at 65 ºC for seven days, the percentages of anthracnose and powdery mildew were estimated with the aid of a diagrammatic scale and the length measurement with a measurement tape.
For the laboratory test all the results were gathered at 21 days after sowing and at the end of the data collected from the greenhouse, the statistical analysis was performed using the Tukey test at the 5% significance level between the treatments (Coco-grass and 2,4-D), and the quadratic regression analysis was performed using the SISVAR statistical software (Ferreira 2010).
Soybean seedlings treated with 2,4-D were less injured than ones treated with coco-grass extracts (Table 1). In addition, Figure 1 shows an increase in the number of injured plants according to the increase of the concentration of the extract, where a smaller but not insignificant number of plants injured in the treatment 25% of coco-grass and the maximum value of injured plants in the highest concentration (100%) of this treatment. In relation to the 2,4-D treatment, it was possible to observe that all the plants presented an injury in the control, and also a reduction in the quantity of injured plants since the increase in the concentration caused the mortality of the plants (Figure 1).
Table 1. Statistical analysis of the uninjured variable for soybean seedlings inoculated with coco-grass and 2,4-D carried out in the laboratory through the Tukey test at the 5% level of significance.
Uninjured (%)
Treatment Averages*
Coco-grass 6.33 a
2,4-D 2.33 b
CV (%) = 176.76
Average mean: 4.33
* Means followed by the same letter in the column did not differ statistically at the 5% level of significance.
Figure 1. Quadratic regression analysis performed in the laboratory for extracts of coco-grass and 2,4-D in different concentrations for the variable Dead plants and plants with injury.
Correlating the data in the Table 1 and in the Figure 1, it can be noted that the statistical difference between coco-grass and 2,4-D in Table 1 is related to the quantity of dead plants in the treatment with 2,4-D, since this was higher as the concentration of the extract increased and for the coco-grass, it presented a lower mortality rate as the concentration increased. The disparity of plants that did not present an injury to the 2,4-D treatment and the high percentage of plants that presented an injury in the treatment of coco-grass contributed to the increase of such a high coefficient of variation.
Plants of Arabidopsis when treated with auxin while inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae showed a meaningful increase in the development of the disease to not treated plants, since P. syringae has the ability to produce an effector protein AvrRpt2 that is not recognized by the Arabidopsis plants, leading to auxin production, which might be one mechanism used by pathogens to infect the plants (Chen et al. 2007).
In Figure 2 it is possible to notice that the plants, in general, presented a better development in the concentration of 25% of the coco-grass treatment, and higher concentrations of this treatment resulted in a decrease in the values of the tested variables.
Figure 2. Quadratic regression analysis performed in greenhouse for the extracts of coco-grass and 2,4-D in different concentrations for the variable Aerial part fresh weight, Aerial part Length, Root fresh weight, Root length.
In Figure 3 it is possible to note a correlation of the data of the dry matter of the treatments with the green matter, since that concentrations higher than 25% of coco-grass also caused a decrease in the aerial and root weight. This result is not consistent with Lorenzi's (2000) claim, according to the author, coco-grass presents a high content of indole-butyric acid, which leads to a greater development of the roots.
Figure 3. Regression analysis performed in greenhouse for the extracts of coco-grass and 2,4-D in different concentrations for the variable Aerial part dry weight and Root dry weight.
The reduction in the development of the plants may be related to a negative allelopathic effect on them caused by the coco-grass extract. Muniz et al. (2007) found that the extract of roots of Cyperus rotundus in the concentration of 100 g/L in soybean seeds resulted in an inhibition in germination, being this value twice the maximum dosage tested in this experiment.
In Tables 2 and 3 is observed a high value of the coefficient of variation, being this result possibly due to the irregularity of plants that had these diseases within the various treatments tested, since in all tests the treatment 2,4-D caused the death of the plants in concentrations above 25% in the essay carried out in greenhouse (Figures 3 to 8), making it impossible to determine which of the treatments provided a greater susceptibility of the soybean to the disease.
Table 2. Percentage of incidence of powdery mildew in soybean plants inoculated with coco-grass extract and 2,4-D in greenhouse, analyzed by Tukey test at the 5% level of significance.
Treatment Averages
Coco-grass 24,88 a*
2,4D 3,08 b
CV = 107,15 %
Average mean: 13,98
Table 3. Percentage of anthracnose incidence in soybean plants inoculated with extract of coco-grass and 2,4-D in greenhouse, analyzed by the Tukey test at the 5% level of significance.
Anthracnose (%)
Coco-grass 9,87 a*
2,4-D 6,02 a
CV = 134,11%
Average mean: 7,98
Testing the interaction between auxin and Macrophomina phaseolina, Mah (2011) found that concentrations between 5 nM and 50 nM of the substance promoted an increase in the resistance of Medicago truncatula to the fungus and made the plants healthier. Comparable results were found with Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Yamada, 1993), Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Chen et al. 2007, Navarro et al. 2006) and Pseudomonas savastanoi (Yamada 1993) when plants received exogenous auxin. In addition, Thilmony et al. (2006) found that Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 has the ability to change the auxin physiology and movement in plants of Arabidopsis. This way, auxin can cause disease susceptibility in plants and that a reduction in the auxin signaling could cause increased resistance in plants.
The disruption of auxin signaling in Arabidopsis mutant plants let to an increase in the resistance of this plant to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Kidd et al. 2011). Lloente et al. (2008) found that the presence of auxin helped regulate the immunity of the axr2-1 and axr1-1 mutants of Arabidopsis, making these more susceptible to B. cinereal and Plectosphaerella cucumerinado than wild plants of this species.
Kimura et al. (1973) reported that a phytotoxin produced by the fungus Colletotrichum lagenarium has the anti-auxin function, that is, it inhibits the production of auxin in the leaves. This factor may have contributed to the low percentage of plants with anthracnose. However, Robinson et al. (1998), Chung et al. (2003), Maor et al. (2004) and Tsavkelova et al. (2012) say that Colletotrichum gloesporioides f. sp. aeschynomene, Colletotrichum acutatum possess enzymes capable of synthesizing auxin when in plants.
Some viral pathogens can cause diseases by the manipulation of auxin signaling components, such as the interaction between tobacco mosaic virus replicase and Aux/IAA proteins that harms the transcriptional activation of auxin-responsive genes, promoting symptoms of disease in tomatoes and Arabidopsis (Padmanabhan et al. 2005, 2006, 2008).
Changing the signaling of a particular hormone may result in imbalance of another hormone. Thus, the imbalance between the quantity of hormones such as auxin, abcisic acid and salicylic acid can cause an imbalance in the resistance of plants to natural attackers. The presence of salicylic acid in Arabidopsis plants can activate the resistance of this plant to powdery mildew (Erysiphe difusa) and P. syringae (Tsuda et al. 2008, Vlot et al. 2009).
In a certain way, the application of auxin in the form of coco-grass extract caused a greater susceptibility of these plants to the diseases, where all the plants had symptoms of anthracnosis in the laboratory essay and anthracnosis and powdery mildew in the greenhouse essay for all tests performed.
Concentrations above 25% in the 2,4-D treatment caused the plants to die which makes it hard to define which treatment promoted higher levels of disease. For the coco-grass extract, the concentration of 25% promoted higher values of Aerial part fresh weight, Aerial part Length, Root fresh weight, Root length, Aerial part dry weight and Root dry weight.
The authors would like to thank the Fundação Araucaria and the Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana (PUCPR) for the financial support.
Agrios GN. 1997. Plant Pathology. 4. ed. New York: Academic Press. 635p.
Brasmax. 2015. Cultivares. Available at: http://www.brasmaxgenetica.com.br/producto.php?Id=13&r=S. Accessed on: 4 Mar. 2015.
Chen Z et al. 2007. Pseudomonas syringae type III effector AvrRpt2 alters Arabidopsis thaliana auxin physiology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA 104: 20131-20136.
Chung KR et al. 2003. Indole derivatives produced by the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum causing lime anthracnose and postbloom fruit drop of citrus. FEMS Microbiology Letters 226: 23-30.
Ding X et al. 2008. Activation of the indole-3-acetic acid amido synthetase GH3-8 suppresses expansin expression and promotes salicylate- and jasmonate-independent basal immunity in rice. Plant Cell 20: 228-240.
FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2018. Production quantities of Soybeans by country. Available at: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize. Accessed on 2 Feb. 2018.
Ferreira DF. 2010. SISVAR – Sistema de análise de variância. Versão 5.3. Lavras-MG: UFLA.
Kidd BN et al. 2011. Auxin signaling and transport promote susceptibility to the root-infecting fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in Arabidopsis. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 24: 733-748.
Kimati H et al. 2005. Manual de Fitopatologia. Volume 2. 4a Edição. São Paulo – SP: Editora Agronômica CERES. pp.604-605.
Kimura Y et al. 1973. Isolation of 2 pyruvoylaminobenzamide as an antiauxin for Colletotrichum lagenarium. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 37: 2213-2214.
Llorente F et al. 2008. Repression of the auxin response pathway increases Arabidopsis susceptibility to necrotrophic fungi. Molecular Plant 1: 496-509.
Lorenzi H. 2000. Plantas daninhas do Brasil: terrestres, aquáticas, parasitas e tóxicas. 3º Ed. Nova Odessa, SP: Instituto Plantarum de Estudos da Flora LTDA.
Mah KM. 2011. The role of plant hormone auxin on the interaction between Macrophomina phaseolina and Medicago truncatula. Proceedings of the 7th Annual GRASP Symposium, Wichita State University.
Maor R et al. 2004. In planta production of indole-3-acetic acid by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. Aeschynomene. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70 1852-1854.
MAPA – Ministério da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento. 2015. Soja. Available at: http://www.agricultura.gov.br/vegetal/culturas/soja/saiba-mais. Accessed on: 04 Mar. 2015.
Muniz FR et al. 2007. Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho, feijão, soja e alface na presença de extrato de tiririca. Revista Brasileira de Sementes 29:195-204, 2007
Navarro L et al. 2006. A plant miRNA contributes to antibacterial resistance by repressing auxin signaling. Science 312:436-439.
Padmanabhan MS et al. 2005. Interaction of the tobacco mosaic virus replicase protein with the Aux/IAA protein PAP1/IAA26 is associated with disease development. Journal of Virology 79: 2549-2558
Padmanabhan MS et al. 2006. The Tobacco mosaic virus replicase protein disrupts the localization and function of interacting Aux/IAA proteins. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 19:864-873.
Padmanabhan MS et al. 2008. Tobacco mosaic virus replicase-auxin/indole acetic acid protein interactions: reprogramming the auxin response pathway to enhance virus infection. Journal of Virology 82:2477-2485.
Robinson M et al. 1998. Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. Aeschynomene. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64: 5030-5032.
Thilmony R et al. 2006. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana interaction with the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and the human pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7. Plant Journal 46:34-53.
Tsavkelova E et al. 2012. Identification and functional characterization of indole-3-acetamide-mediated IAA biosynthesis in plant-associated Fusarium species. Fungal Genetics and Biology 49: 48-57.
Tsuda K et al. 2008. Interplay between MAMP-triggered and SA-mediated defense responses. Plant Journal 53: 763-775.
Vlot AC et al. 2009. Salicylic acid, a multifaceted hormone to combat disease. Annual Review of Phytopathology 47: 177-206.
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The post-war Labour government was the defining event in the life of John Kotz. Read his new autobiography from Manifesto Press. Available here.
Peter Latham's new book 'The state and local government - Towards a new basis for 'local democracy' and the defeat of big business control', enjoys a timely release.


Using a borrowed deck the spectator freely chooses a card, signs it, puts it back in the deck and mixes the deck. Then he places the deck inside his own pocket. This gives the magician any number from 1 to 52 to choose from.
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A brand new version of "Knife Through Card" that can be performed with the same gimmick!


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This article will provide you with the knowledge required to use the file dialogs in a basic scenario.
You can find the required assemblies for each control from the Telerik UI for WPF suite in the Controls Dependencies help article.
There are few dialogs that you can use in a similar way. Example 1 shows how to show a RadOpenFileDialog. You can use this code to also show the open folder and save file dialogs.
You can see how to define and show the different dialogs in the corresponding articles.
The controls from our suite support different themes. You can see how to apply a theme different than the default one in the Setting a Theme (Using Implicit Styles) help article.
Choose between the themes and add reference to the corresponding theme assembly (for example: Telerik.Windows.Themes.VisualStudio2013.dll). You see the different themes applied in the Theming examples from our demos application.
Example 2 demonstrates where you can merge the ResourceDictionaries so they are applied globally in the application.


text:
5 Questions to Sally Whitwell (pianist, composer)
Elias Blumm
on December 4, 2014 at 6:00 am
20 years in the making, Philip Glass's complete Piano Etudes will be performed at BAM on December 5 and 6. We caught up with Sally Whitwell, Glass specialist and one of ten pianists on the bill, to find out more.
Sally Whitwell
How has Philip Glass' music changed you as a musician and a pianist? What do you think his legacy will be when it comes to piano music?
It was the opportunity to record some of Philip Glass's earlier piano music that really changed me a lot. It forced me to think really carefully about how to shape the music, both at a micro and macro level, so that it has a genuine sense of drama. For me, Glass's music is constantly evolving abstract narrative that speaks to the listener in a way they cannot describe verbally. It speaks so profoundly but only when it is shaped well.
The question of legacy is an interesting one. Before I played any of Glass's music, I always viewed him as more of a theatre composer, opera and dance and so on. Perhaps it is the notion that a composer primarily engaged in theatre brings a dramatic shape to everything else to which they turn their hand? The constant influence of the theatrical surely has to have an effect of some kind, however subtle it may be.
This concert features ten pianists of diverse musical backgrounds. How was it decided who would play what? On the whole was there a collaborative nature to the process?
I've no idea how those decisions were made! I can't speak for the others, but I certainly had no hand in it myself, haha. At any rate, I am mostly playing ones that I have played before in other Etudes concerts in Los Angeles, California and Perth, Australia.
Of course, etudes are meant to reinforce specific techniques and aspects of performance – what did you find most challenging about these? Did they "work?"
Certainly there are technical issues on which a player must work very hard, such as a disciplined kind of freedom of the wrist in those rolling arpeggios, a singing tone in the melodic passages, and evenness in all those pulsating, oscillating quavers (Sorry! "Eighth notes". I don't speak Americano very well!). Aside from these technical issue however, is that thing I mentioned earlier, the issue of making a compelling dramatic shape from them. It's not easy to achieve, but if you do achieve it is profoundly satisfying!
Philip Glass – Photo by Steve Pyke
Beyond the technique, how would you characterize the content of these etudes? Do they tell a story?
Absolutely they tell a story, but perhaps unintentionally! When I performed the first time with Mr. Glass and Maki Namekawa for Perth International Arts Festival in Australia in 2013, I recall standing backstage with the festival's classical music director Chris van Tuinen. We were listening to Maki play the final etude, No. 20, and afterwards Chris turned around to me and said "Wow, it's like he wrote his own epitaph". I would say that these later etudes sound much less like he's got something to prove and more like he has something intimate to reveal. Creative expression of intimacy like this always makes me feel kind of privileged as an audience, that I've been allowed into some room inside that had been locked for a while.
You've made a name for yourself in part due to your interpretation of Glass' piano music. Do you feel a responsibility to communicate on behalf of the composers you perform? Should we ever expect to hear some Sally Whitwell originals?
I wouldn't say I communicate on the composer's behalf. It's more like I show to the world the manner in which I understand the composer. Great composers' works stand many such interpretations, which is what makes these Glass Etudes concerts so exciting to me. I can't wait to hear everyone else's interpretations!
As for my own compositions, yes absolutely you'll be hearing some soon. I'm right in the middle of recording a fourth album which features a whole range of stuff I've written; choral music, art song, chamber music and some solo piano works. Release date is yet to be confirmed but will be sometime mid 2015. Until then, here's a little piano quintet I composed. It's a live recording featuring Acacia Quartet and myself on piano.
BAMetudesPhilip GlasspianoSally Whitwell
Eli is a native New Yorker who plays classical guitar, currently works for Boosey & Hawkes, Inc., and sometimes writes about music.
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ListN Up with composer, performer, and installation artist Chris Williams. https://t.co/JLDfqgYQiq

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Wonderful World Book Day at the fantastic Victoria School in Wrexham where enthusiasm reigns supreme. The kids took part in a literary Mastermind and I was amazed at their in-depth knowledge of their chosen authors. This was silly of me really, since I should know by now that when the kids at Victoria School set out to do something they do it 1000%. Brilliant.
Much respectful bowing among the Champions of Reading after a photograph and a whole letter of encouragement from His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, aka Prince William! Everybody is so excited about this and I hugely appreciate his taking the time out of a very busy schedule to lend his support.
The very lovely Julia Donaldson has sent a fab photo of herself supporting the Champions of Reading AND a whole bunch of stickers of her wonderful characters – thank you so much!
Great excitement for the Champions of Reading: a signed photo especially for them, from the brilliant DAVID WALLIAMS! A huge thank you to David for taking the time out of your incredibly full schedule to support the great efforts these kids are making. You are a star in more ways than one.
St Chad's Primary School in Hanmer has joined the Champions of Reading project too, so there are now over 300 children taking part. Not bad for the first month!
Wow! October saw the launch of my new project: Champions of Reading, in Victoria Primary School, Wrexham. Champions of Reading is all about helping kids to love books by maximising their enjoyment of the books they read for pleasure. So they get four Reading Rights – which they all thought sounded great! In return they had to make one promise: to try really hard to find books they liked. Judging by all the emails I've had from them since, they've found loads already!
Victoria School is also where I was introduced by four kids reading out reviews they'd written about my books. Luckily they all gave me five stars – phew. A huge, space-age, out-of-this-world, hyper-drive thank you to Alfie, Nicole, Connor and Raya and everyone at big, bright and buzzing Victoria School.
I had a really special afternoon at St Chad's Primary School in the beautiful mere-side village of Hanmer. They were celebrating their own Book Week and my fellow author Dunkle Deed and I were invited to judge a book-cover competition, which was almost impossible as all the entries were brilliant! Congratulations to winners Lucy Dulson and Caitlin Spence.
Later I was treated to a guided tour by the Head Boy and Head Girl. My favourite bits were the First World War trench they're digging (with the help of some energetic dads) and the mud kitchen. I was wondering why the mud kitchen looked so familiar until I realised it looked exactly like my own kitchen looks when my teenage sons are in charge of cooking.
Thank you very much to everyone at Hanmer School for looking after me so beautifully and for buying so many books.
What a brilliant collection of stories the kids at Ysgol Trefnant have written after my first Story-writing Workshop as their Author in Residence. The winners were Sean and Georgia and, as promised, there are two signed copies of Undercover Aliens winging through the post – in time for the holidays.
Congratulations to Charlie Smith from Bristol who raised £150 for Children in Need by getting his friends and family to sponsor him for an OLI AND SKIPJACK MARATHON! Champion Charlie read ALL SIX Tales of Trouble in one weekend!
I've had the huge honour of being asked by Ysgol Trefnant in Denbigh to be their Author in Residence for the next academic year and our first Story-writing Workshop took place yesterday. The kids worked really hard on producing some fantastic outlines and I can't wait to read the finished stories – Well done everyone in Years 3 – 6 at Ysgol Trefnant.
I've had a parcel all the way from the beautiful Italian island of Sardinia – Oli and Skipjack's Tales of Trouble are published in Italy by Salani and I was lucky enough to be invited to the Sardinian capital Cagliari in 2012 to take part in the incredible Tuttestorie children's book festival. Now one of the schools I met there has sent me lots of pictures by the kids of The Mum Shop, or Il Negozio della Mamma as it's called in Italian, including this brilliant picture of Oli and M44 in the tank, by Andrea and Francesco. A very happy reminder of the warmest, sunniest book festival.
What a brilliant place the brand new Prestatyn Library is. Had a great day here with kids from Ysgol Hiraddug and Ysgol Melyn. To everyone there, and to Denbighshire County Council for their rare vision and their belief in books, Diolch!
The highlight of my school-visiting calendar is always WBD at the buzzing Borras Park Junior School in Wrexham. This time was fun as always – roll on next year! The next day – WBD+1 – I visited Moreton First near Oswestry in Shropshire, another long-standing supporter of Oli and Skipjack's Tales of Trouble. Thank you Moreton First for inviting me again (and for buying lots of books!).
I've had lovely letters from two Scottish schools: P3 at Edinburgh Academy Junior School sent a book of montages of Oli and Skipjack images and a photo of their classroom door which they'd decorated like the cover of Undercover Aliens – brilliant! P4/5 at Pulteneytown Academy sent LOTS of great questions and their own pictures of different Oli and Skipjack scenes. Thank you!
I've just returned from three brilliant days in Hamburg, courtesy of my wonderful German publisher Carlsen Verlag and the Harbourfront Literature Festival. Carlsen have so far published two Oli and Skipjack books, The Mum Shop and Gnomes are Forever. Vielen Dank, Deutschland!


Stenosis. If you are of a certain age, you likely know spinal stenosis. You have felt its hurting effects yourself or someone near you does. Spinal stenosis results in back pain, neck pain, arm pain and/or leg pain (sciatica). It is not much fun at all! No magic pill heals it or prevents it. But chiropractic care using the gentle Cox® Technic flexion distraction spinal manipulation system may ease it, slowly and steadily. Once on the other side of spinal stenosis' pain, Eugene chiropractic patients are more fully equipped to do what they can to decrease the odds of future incidents, armed with exercises, diet tips, daily activities' modification tips, and the knowledge that Eugene chiropractic care at Rethwill Chiropractic Clinic can help.
One of the first ever written and peer-review published papers by Dr. Cox, developer of Cox® Technic flexion distraction, discussed stenosis. (1) Lately, a comparison study of flexion distraction treatment to conservative treatment for patients with spinal stenosis revealed that flexion distraction spinal manipulation was more valuable for pain decrease and disability improvement. (2) Another study showed that Cox® flexion distraction manipulation brought about pain improvement by 76% and disability by 73%. (3) Today, one of the most recent published papers points out that there is indication that chiropractic care is possibly useful for patients enduring pain due to lumbar spinal stenosis. It further highlights that chiropractic treatments of spinal stenosis are most often flexion-distraction manipulation. (4) That is true at Rethwill Chiropractic Clinic! Eugene spinal stenosis patients get reprieve with our Eugene chiropractic services.
Neurogenic claudication frequently accompanies lumbar spinal stenosis, causing cramping leg pain for its Eugene sufferers. Researchers found that treatments two times a week consisting of manual therapy like lumbar spine flexion distraction (generic term for Cox® Technic spinal manipulation), soft tissue and neural mobilization, chiropractic spinal manipulation, and muscle stretching along with structured home-based exercises, and instruction of self-management strategies lead to improved consequences (pain, disability, walking ability, treatment satisfaction). (5) Rethwill Chiropractic Clinic follows a similar chiropractic care system with our Eugene spinal stenosis patients. Rethwill Chiropractic Clinic treats the whole patient, not just the pain.
Schedule a Eugene chiropractic appointment with Rethwill Chiropractic Clinic for spinal stenosis related pain relief. Rethwill Chiropractic Clinic's back pain specialist is skilled in gentle, safe protocols of Cox® Technic to supply relief and help control future episodes caused by spinal stenosis, no matter how old you are.


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Vaquita: stark warning as IWC Scientific Committee report is published
IWC Scientific Committee meets in Bled, Slovenia
South Africa hosts two workshops on Cetacean Welfare
Focus on cetacean conservation in the Pacific region
Entanglement in fishing gear and debris is one of the welfare issues on the agenda at the workshops
Scientists, policy makers, veterinarians and conservation practitioners are gathering to share expertise and information on important aspects of cetacean welfare. As part of the IWC Welfare Action Plan, two back-to-back workshops will bring together thirty five stakeholders from 14 different countries.
A wide range of issues have the potential to impact on the welfare of cetaceans. The IWC has coordinated work to improve the humaneness of whaling operations since 1959 but the number of welfare threats has grown to include entanglement in fishing gear and marine debris, ship strike, whalewatching and pollution.
The first of the South Africa workshops has a policy focus. It aims to conduct a global stock-take on current knowledge of cetacean welfare issues in order to identify priority issues where management advice or further research is required.
Cetacean stranding will be covered by the second workshop. This will build on progress made by earlier workshops and will also use the successful model of the IWC Entanglement Response Network, sharing best practice and experience to develop effective response capacity in countries where capability is currently limited. The workshop aims to produce a practical framework for handling cetacean strandings, which is tiered and flexible so that it can be applied globally, in the widest possible range of circumstances.
The primary costs of the workshop will be met by voluntary contributions from the UK Government and World Animal Protection. The workshop will run from 3-6 May at Skukza Rest Camp, Kruger National Park.
To read more about cetacean strandings click here.
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Q: Precautionary security measures for a home user? (firewall, antivirus, etc) I just recently made the switch from Windows to Ubuntu, and I'm just a little paranoid when it comes to security measures.
I've looked around and from what I've read, security is not as big a concern as on a Windows OS, but I just want to make sure I'm somewhat covered.
Currently, I have installed ClamTK anti-virus and gufw (and enabled it once).
So basically I have three questions :

*

*Aside from those apps, updating regularly, and downloading from trusted sources only, should I be taking any other precautions?

*Must I do anything more with gufw other than checking enabled or are the default settings (incoming : deny, outgoing : allow) sufficient?

*Do I have to manually turn on gufw everytime and enable it (and keep it open)? Everytime I open it the enabled checkbox is unchecked.

EDIT: When I open gufw, I must unlock and enter my password, however the checkbox is now checked. Must I always open gufw did I simply need to enable it once?
Thank you.

A: Good questions.

Aside from those apps, updating regularly, and downloading from trusted sources only, should I be taking any other precautions?

Not really.  Don't run random commands, especially those mentioning sudo, that people might give you on the web, unless it's a trustworthy source or you know what it does.
Beyond that I think the main thing you want to be careful with is web security, eg not typing your facebook password into random other web sites.
Update rigved wisely suggests installing security-oriented browser plugins:  Adblock Plus, HTTPS Everywhere, Noscript and WOT.  (rigved also says Tor, but I'm not so sure about that, because Tor has major security risks that make it a bad default for most people.)
Update2 Do not use the WOT browser plugin, as it has serious privacy concerns: https://thehackernews.com/2016/11/web-of-trust-addon.html . Thanks to DJCrashdummy for pointing this out.

Must I do anything more with gufw other than checking enabled or are the default settings (incoming : deny, outgoing : allow) sufficient?

That should be fine.

Do I have to manually turn on gufw everytime and enable it (and keep it open)? Everytime I open it the enabled checkbox is unchecked.

It actually does stay enabled after you quit, but bug 850468 makes it looks like it's not enabled, until you authenticate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


please phone to confirm availability of stock.
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The body can survive weeks without food, days without water, but only minutes without oxygen. Every cell of the body requires a continuous supply to generate energy, detoxify the body and maintain healthy cells. Any reduction in the availability of oxygen to the body, whether by poor posture and breathing, deoxygenated water and refined foods, smoking, lack of exercise, environmental pollution or exposure to carbon monoxide, reduces the optimal performance of these essential cellular functions.
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Ozone (O3) is activated oxygen (O2), and in a short period of time the O3 molecule will revert back to oxygen. During this short half life cycle, the O3 molecule can therefore be utilized for sanitation and sterilization purposes. Ozone inactivates viruses, bacteria, yeast, fungus and protozoa.
The Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD) massage is a well-known SPA treatment for well-being. The Pressotherapy Machine is accordingly invented and it is even more powerful than the manual treatment. The machine inflates the suit that is wore by clients. It would generate up to 100mmHg or even 120mmHg pressure on the body. The pressure will run within the pressotherapy suit along with the designed route. Clients will feel like a real massage on the body. You can even adjust the frequency, faster or slower, which a man's hand cannot always do manually.
The pressotherapy high pressure massage will help with the weight loss and cellulite reduction since it improves blood circulation and lymphatic drainage, which helps to speed up the toxin and excess fat removal. The pressotherapy lymphatic drainage massage can also smooth the skin and even the cellulite bumps and lumps so that it is less noticeable.
Lymph drainage massage (also called lymphatic drainage and lymph massage) is a form of very light massage that encourages lymph flow in the body. Therapists apply a manual hand circular movements to pump or glide techniques that have a very soothing and relaxing effect. It is particularly good for detoxification, after chemotherapy/radiation, reducing inflammation & swelling, blue bruising, fluid retention, or oedema, pre- and post-plastic surgery and post-liposuction. It can also help with cellulite treatments, scar tissue, spider veins, redness and acne. Lymphatic Drainage is a gentle whole body treatment that relaxes the nervous system and aids to increase the body's immune system.
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The ideal summer slip on is here- and this year it looks like a suede wedge espadrille! Falling in love with shoes comes naturally- especially when they are designed around practicality and comfort, brought to you all the way from Spain. The soft suede is sleek and luscious, perfectly complimenting the woven wedge base! Wear them as a casual day-to-day shoe or for your next outstanding occasion! Available in a decedent range of colours!


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HMS Nestor, launched on 22 December 1915, was an . She served in the 13th Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet and was sunk on 31 May 1916 at the Battle of Jutland.  The Wreck is designated as a protected place under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986

Battle of Jutland
Nestor took part in an attack upon the German battlecruiser squadron commanded by Admiral Franz von Hipper, which was engaged by the British battlecruiser squadron under Admiral David Beatty at the start of the battle of Jutland. Twelve destroyers were despatched to approach the line of German battlecruisers and attack with torpedoes. Nestor was lead ship in the attack, followed immediately by . The attack was met part-way to their target by a German destroyer squadron which exchanged fire as the ships passed.  The German battlecruisers turned away, so Nestor also turned back towards the British battlecruisers. However, it now became clear the German battlecruisers had altered course to align with the main German High Seas Fleet, which was now just visible. Accompanied by  and , Nestor approached to 3000 yards of the battleships, receiving increasing fire as more German ships brought guns to bear on the destroyers. Nestor was hit and disabled, requiring Nicator to veer off at the last minute from firing its torpedoes so as to avoid a collision. Nicator then broke off and returned to the British squadron.  Nestor and Nomad, both disabled after their attack on the battlecruisers, were left to face the approach of the entire German battle fleet.  The two ships fired their remaining torpedoes at the approaching enemy, before inevitably being sunk. Nomad was closest, so was attacked first and sank after a few minutes receiving fire. Her surviving crew were picked up by German ships.

Commander Edward Bingham ordered all charts and confidential books to be destroyed, and the ship's boats and rafts to be provided with water and biscuits and to be launched. He then ordered his crew to lay out cables, as if in anticipation of a tow, simply as an exercise to keep them occupied. German ships opened fire when they reached a range of five miles. The last torpedo was launched, but after only two or three minutes fire, the ship was sinking rapidly and was abandoned. Nestor sank at approximately 5.30 pm.

References

Bibliography

External links
 http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/destroyers_before_1900.htm
 SI 2008/0950 Designation under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986

External links

 Battle of Jutland Crew Lists Project - HMS Nestor Crew List

Admiralty M-class destroyers
Ships built on the River Tyne
1915 ships
World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in 1916
Ships sunk at the Battle of Jutland
Protected Wrecks of the United Kingdom

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It's not exactly set in stone, but a representative at the manufacturing plant for Apple's iPhone has hinted at the launch of a new model sooner rather than later.
The admission (if it was that) was made in a TV interview with TV-Tokyo. That interview was with a recruiter at Foxconn, which makes the iPhone for Apple in China. In the interview, it was mentioned that the company plans to add 18,000 workers to the 80,000 already recruited there 'for the fifth-generation phone', with the interviewee believing that the device will make its debut in June.
Make of that what you will. Apple did used to release iPhones in June, but that slipped last year and the general feeling was that the phone would stick to that later date for future launches. In fact, the company could well be sticking to the later launch – the Foxconn employee might well be getting launch dates and manufacturing dates mixed up. But the idea of a new iPhone in a couple of months is certainly an appealing one.
As for what to expect from the phone, perhaps a new name of 'iPhone', if the iPad naming scenario applies across the mobile range. There's also talk of LTE connectivity, Apple's new A6 processor, a larger display (possibly 4.6 inches) and that 'teardrop' design that has been talked about for many months.
All may – or may not – be revealed in a couple of months. We'll keep you posted.


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Articles tagged "ToxicAssets"
Toxic fumes found on planes, flight crews want action
Pilots and flight attendants are reporting toxic fumes being released into planes. The accidental release of toxins has caused flight crew members to become sick and some hospitalized. A year later, some of those affected are still off work, looking for answers and want something done about it.
A month-long investigation by WBTV in Charlotte, North Carolina revealed 30 US Airways aircraft in the last year have been affected."I'm talking because I think passengers need to know," said one veteran flight attendant to WBTV who came forward under the condition we protected her identity. "I felt like I had to come forward for the health of myself and my co-workers."
Apparently, toxins produced from the oil in aircraft engines are the culprit. I'm thinking of that smell that fills the cabin as the plane prepares for departure. Airlines say it's harmless. One US Airways pilot disagrees and is concerned.
"Toxins produced from oil in the aircraft engines have caused a lot of problems with our industry," Captain Jame Ray, a spokesperson for the U.S. Airways Pilot Association and a working pilot told WBTV. "Pilots and flight attendants alike have been sent to the hospital on multiple occasions. Some remain in the hospital. We have pilots who have lost their FAA certificate because of exposure to these toxins. So it is certainly a concern we have."
The investigation confirmed a January 2010 case where crew members were hospitalized and are still not back at work. Another case in November of 2010, ruled not toxic fumes but a power issue at the gate resulted in aircraft crew off work too.
Airline flight crew members interviewed were quick to point out that this sort of thing does not happen on every flight but that all airlines are affected. The issue seems to be more widespread than the risk of swine flu once was and as airlines regain a more healthy financial picture, others are digging in to this toxic fumes problem more.
Looking a bit deeper into the issue of toxic fumes found on planes, a 2009 survey of pilots and crew by the UK's The Telegraph indicated that one in seven of 789 British airline staff surveyed had to take more than a month's sick leave in the previous year.
Further investigation revealed "high levels of a dangerous toxin on several planes. Of 31 swab samples taken secretly from the aircraft cabins of popular airlines, 28 were found to contain high levels of tricresyl phosphate (TCP), an organophosphate contained in modern jet oil as an anti-wear additive, which can lead to drowsiness, respiratory problems and neurological illnesses."
While all flights may not be affected, it happens with more frequency than one might imagine. Aerotoxic Syndrome's YouTube channel stacks up evidence of these fume events longer than planes lined up at LAX on a Friday afternoon.
Senate Passes Broad Aviation Bill
While Airlines Are Profiting Again, Fliers Are Suffering
Playboy Mansion Linked to Respiratory Illness Outbreak
Flying High: U.S. Aviation Security Costs Keep Rising
10 Top Paying Jobs in Aviation
Seven airlines now offering free in-flight Facebook
Flickr photo by eisenbahner
See the financial crisis on this unusual Wall Street tour
by Tom Johansmeyer on Apr 28, 2009
It's rare that you get a guided tour through still unfolding carnage. Imagine walking through Aceh right after the tsunami or New Orleans while the rains from Katrina still fell. Lower Manhattan's financial crisis tour doesn't involve as much bad weather or physical danger, but it does give you the chance to learn about the most profound financial disaster in decades in the place where it all started.
This is "The Wall Street Experience."
Guided by a former Wall Street insider, you'll spend the 90 minute tour learning how some traders raked in billions in profits while entire banks came to an end. Also, you'll be introduced to a "shadow banking system" that the government ignored until it was too late.
It's not all mayhem down on the Street, though.
The tour will give you an overview of the history, architecture and trivia for this part of the city. The culture of the trader is wrapped up in these walls and streets – and you'll hear all about it. But, did you know that this was once the political center of the United States? A statue of George Washington stands in front of the building from which he governed the country, staring across the street at a world of financial engineering he'd probably never be able to understand.
The tour guide, Andrew Luan, is a former Deutsche Bank vice president and traded what are now called "toxic assets." He charges $40 a person, though children are free. Part of the proceeds goes to increasing financial literacy. Financial illiteracy is at crisis levels right now, so I applaud Luan for this. If you have become a victim of the financial crisis, The Wall Street Experience does offer weekly tours for those who can't afford to pay.


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BACK PAGE BULLETIN: TWO CELTS QUIT IN 24 HOURS, GERRARD HOPEFUL ON BARASIC, GOODIE AGREES DEAL
LENNON HITS BACK AT 'PREMATURE' COMMENTS
TRANSFER UPDATE: PREMIERSHIP INS AND OUTS
GERS KEEPER SLAMMED: 'IT'S YOUR FAULT,' SAYS EX-STAR
BACK PAGE BULLETIN: CELTIC BOSS LINKED WITH OLD FAVOURITE, GERS KEEPER SWITCH, DONS COMPLETE SWOOP
CELTIC HERO IN GERRARD 'ASHAMED' BLAST
McGREGOR BACKS GRIFF TO HAVE FINAL SAY
BACK PAGE BULLETIN: UP AND AT 'EM, HATEM, GERS STAR AGREES SWITCH, ROSS INJURY WORRIES
FRIMPONG REASSURES LENNON: 'I FEEL READY TO GO AGAIN'
'HANDS OFF' WARNING FOR CELTIC TARGET
LENNON, GERRARD AWAY DAZE
STUBBS DELIVERS TITLE VERDICT
CELTIC MISFIT POISED TO SEAL DEAL
DONS STAR IS SHOCK TARGET
'BORED' GERRARD NOT IMPRESSED
HOOPS LEGEND'S ADVICE TO GRIFFITHS
'SHAMBLES', 'ABSOLUTE DISGRACE', McCOIST'S ASTONISHING SFA RANT
BACK PAGE BULLETIN: EX-CELT'S DREAM DEAL, HENDERSON AGREES ITALIAN SWITCH, WELL BOSS CUP VOW
TAVERNIER BLOW
FEEDBACK FRIDAY: CELTIC'S £5.5m 'UNKNOWNS', MORELOS ON THE RAMPAGE, HICKEY POSER, DOUBLE DONS DELIGHT
Scottish Football news from NewsNow
You are at:Home»SPFL»Premiership»Rangers»No to Newco campaign: A Rangers Newco entering SPL would kill integrity of our game
No to Newco campaign: A Rangers Newco entering SPL would kill integrity of our game
By scotzine on	 April 21, 2012 Rangers
James Cam, the organiser of Say No to Rangers FC Newco, is against a re-born Rangers entering the SPL and that they should 'start afresh in the Third Division of the Scottish Football League'. Speaking exclusively to Scotzine, James said: "If any club trading in the SPL suffers a liquidation event, then that club no longer exists and therefore can't be part of the SPL. If the liquidated club is reborn as a new club it should be made to apply for membership of the SFA and the SFL.
"If the new club succeeds in gaining membership of these bodies, then it should then start afresh in either the Highland League or the Third Division of the SFL in the same way as Annan Athletic, Ross County have had too. If they then progress through the SFL leagues and win promotion to the SPL then they will have done it in an honest manner and therefore deserve to play in the SPL."
The 'No to a Rangers newco' campaign started in February, when Rangers announced that they were entering into administration.
In an official statement, No to Newco said: "For many football supporters, the demise of Gretna FC in 2008 had very little impact on our lives apart from watching the death of a romantic notion. One man, Brooks Mileson stepped up to the plate and injected much of his own money into the club, ensuring promotion in three successive seasons and even captured a place in the final of the Scottish Cup in 2006 before being beaten on penalties by Hearts.
"Due to illness Mr Mileson withdrew his financial backing and Gretna were placed into administration. Come the end of the season, Gretna were relegated to the First Division before demotion to the Third Division and alas liquidation.
"I am pretty sure that the SPL board at that time smugly shrugged their shoulders, said "nice try" and carried on with their daily business without giving much thought to history, tradition, supporters, employees or even the effect it would have on a community. Why in 2012 should the situation be any different?"
The campaign is questioning the governing body's handling of the Rangers fiasco, they added: "There are still so many unanswered questions surrounding the Rangers fiasco which I'm sure will come out in the fullness of time. However there seems to be a sense amongst fans that Rangers in Administration are being treated with kid gloves as compared to clubs like Gretna, Dundee and Airdrie.
"Surely a club which currently owes over £1 million to SPL clubs and have refused to pay Tax or National Insurance cannot simply be given a slap on the wrist and reinstated as a new company to the SPL. We feel if this were to happen it would kill the integrity of Scottish Football."
There has already been widespread opposition to a Rangers newco entering the SPL, but with the clubs and the chairmen having control over the destiny of Rangers Football Club, they could ultimately choose to welcome back Rangers Newco 2012 for the financial benefits solely. A decision which could see many a Scottish football fan turn their back on the Scottish game for good.
James added: "The idea that any SPL club can simply liquidate, then set up a new company and continue to trade in the SPL – considering that the former club would more than likely have owed other SPL clubs money – smacks of cheating. This would also set a dangerous precedent which would then give the green light to every other SPL club who carry a large burden of debt to do the same."
"Now it is a fact that any club who liquidates and set up a new company are barred from European competitions for three years but there are clubs in the SPL who simply never really get the chance to qualify for European competitions so this would not be a deterrent for them.
"In conclusion if this becomes a way out for clubs to ditch their debt and obligations to The SPL then the integrity and fairness in our game dies and that will benefit no one."
Q & A with James Cam of No to Rangers Newco
Is the campaign 'No to Newco' merely a group run by Celtic fans to try to get one over on Rangers?
No it certainly is not. If you check over the Twitter timeline for @NoToNewco and the site itself, you will see that I have put a good deal of work into trying to distance the campaign from being hijacked by Celtic fans who may want to use it as a way to get one over Rangers fans.
Quite simply Celtic fans got one over Rangers by winning the SPL this season. Obviously more Celtic fans back the campaign but that's simply down to the size of the support. I can't emphasise enough that the campaign needs a large amount of supporters from every club for this campaign to have a genuine impact.
Also I deliberately used Scottish colours of Blue and white as the colour scheme of the site. If people perceive that it's just an anti-Rangers/pro Celtic site then all the work I have put in will have been a waste of time and no one would take the campaign seriously.
You'll also notice that the front page of the site has the badge of every Scottish Football club. I'm hoping that this proves that the campaign is open to all followers of Scottish football.
What in your eyes is the rightful conclusion for Rangers Football Club?
My personal opinion is that in the event that Rangers Football Club should suffer liquidation they have every right to set up a new Rangers Football club. However the new club should follow the path I have set out in my previous comments which would mean them starting life in Division Three and work their way back up through the leagues to the SPL.
As a side issue I truly believe that this would benefit Scottish football over all. We all know Rangers carry a huge travelling support who spend a lot of money. Would it not be a great boost to clubs in the lower leagues to benefit from the finance the visiting Rangers support would bring? It would also raise the profile of these clubs and possibly allow them to attract more money from sponsors.
What is the feedback from football fans in general out with Celtic FC?
So far fans out with the Celtic support especially fans of other SPL clubs seems to be in line with the majority of the Celtic support. You would only have to look through several social media platforms and web sites and read statements from various supporters associations to see that they are generally against the parachuting of a Rangers Newco into the SPL. Other supporters from First Division clubs feel that an RFC newco would simply deny the opportunity of a second First Division club being promoted to the SPL.
Do you think the governing bodies and chairmen will actually listen to the fans?
That's the million dollar question. Obviously in modern football balance sheets seem to be the main concern of club chairmen rather than the welfare of their supporters. There is no doubt that an SPL without Rangers would initially hit them in the pocket. However the flip side of the coin is that the SPL would become more competitive, especially in terms of smaller clubs getting a better chance of European football so that may actually bring more fans through the
turnstiles.
However my own personal thought is that they will choose to ignore their supporters wishes and go for the easy short-term fix which would ultimately allow a NEW Rangers club direct access to the SPL.
For more information about the Say No to Rangers Newco check out their website: http://no-tonewco.glas2014.com/
Previous ArticleRangers bidder Bill Miller: There is no time left for empty promises and grand-standing
Next Article SWPL: Forfar Farmington 10-0 Kilmarnock
scotzine
Andy Muirhead is the Editor of Scotzine and the Scottish Football fanzine FITBA. He is the Scottish Football columnist for The Morning Star and has written for a number of other publications including ESPN, Huffington Post UK, BT Life's a Pitch and has had his work featured in the Daily Record, The Scotsman and the Daily Mail.
January 22, 2020 0 BACK PAGE BULLETIN: TWO CELTS QUIT IN 24 HOURS, GERRARD HOPEFUL ON BARASIC, GOODIE AGREES DEAL
January 22, 2020 0 LENNON HITS BACK AT 'PREMATURE' COMMENTS
January 22, 2020 0 TRANSFER UPDATE: PREMIERSHIP INS AND OUTS
January 22, 2020 0 GERS KEEPER SLAMMED: 'IT'S YOUR FAULT,' SAYS EX-STAR
January 21, 2020 0 BACK PAGE BULLETIN: CELTIC BOSS LINKED WITH OLD FAVOURITE, GERS KEEPER SWITCH, DONS COMPLETE SWOOP
December 30, 2012 298 Fran Sandaza interview opens up old wounds of Sectarianism at Rangers
November 6, 2010 278 Time Celtic FC banned Fans Group over Poppy Protest Shame
February 15, 2013 257 One Year on and Rangers fans still can't handle the truth!
April 30, 2011 236 Rangers continue to bathe in Britishness or is it all a PR Stunt?
December 12, 2010 196 The Green Brigade banned from Ibrox? Good!
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Integrated Construction
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All Stories Community Innovation Sustainability Working At Cahill Building Beyond
A Patron of the Pond
The annual Royal St. John's Regatta is more than a 200-year-old tradition. It's a part of our cultural heritage, a summer highlight, and Canada's only 'movable' civic holiday based entirely on wind speeds and favourable racing conditions. Cahill is a familiar name at the pond, known as a long-time supporter and participant. The Cahill Group has proudly sponsored several women's and men's crews over the years, many of whom earned a spot on the podium (and a lot of high fives).
3D Model Citizens
They say the best way to predict the future is to invent it. But first we must envision it. Using a 3D model approach and applying it to our construction projects allows our team to fully visualize a project to assess or enhance a design, and to identify adjustment areas in the critical planning phase before construction starts. It's just one of the things we do to manage cost, schedule, quality, and safety.
At Cahill, being a good citizen is more than a guiding principle, it's an active part of our culture. Years ago, our employees were gifted a turkey for the holidays. But with community in mind, they decided to donate the money that would be used for turkeys to those in need through St. Vincent de Paul. What began as a simple gesture of kindness has turned into an annual giving initiative that supports over 125 families every year. It's just one of the many ways our employees contribute to the communities in which we live and work. To us, that's what building beyond is all about.
Working At Cahill
Carving Your Own Career Path
We don't believe in silos. Or pigeonholes. Rather, we encourage growth and development at every stage of your career. Our annual review process identifies programs, training, and development based on your professional goals. Working directly with an HR lead, we'll help you carve out a career plan. Entirely employee led and driven, our career advancement pathways will help get you to the next level.
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Cahill Achieves PAR Bronze Certification
We recognize the mutually beneficial impact of business development with Indigenous-owned businesses, the value that Indigenous people bring to the workplace, and the potential of Indigenous communities. In 2018, Cahill committed to working toward certification in the CCAB Progressive Aboriginal Relations (PAR) program. We're proud to say we've achieved the PAR Bronze Level. As we continue this certification process, we are committed to working closely with our community partners to do our part in the economic and cultural reconciliation with Indigenous peoples across Canada.
Meet Gabe Iturriaga
What's a day in the life of a Cahill employee like? Say hello to Gabe Iturriaga. Originally from Mexico, Gabe now lives in Nova Scotia with his family where he works remotely for our Western Canada operations. As our newest Vice President, Gabe brings a wealth of expertise and major project experience to his managerial role. He also plays a significant role in the successful collaboration with other teams and divisions across the country. Establishing trust and building relationships with remote teams is the key to success. Gabe has the utmost confidence in our teams executing projects in the West.
Green Energy Initiatives at Home
The Cahill Group of Companies and The Tower Corporate Campus are committed to responsible energy management. We continue to apply best industry practices that optimize and maintain energy conservation measures. As an environmentally responsible corporate citizen, we have already implemented several initiatives to best manage our energy consumption to improve productivity, cost-effectiveness, and working conditions. At The Tower Corporate Campus in St. John's, we've replaced approx. 2,800 fluorescent tubes with LED tubes, installed heat pumps, and operate Metasys® Building Automation System. The Metasys® monitors and controls the HVAC systems and is the foundation of our building energy management efficiency.
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The Cahill Group is taking measures to ensure business continuity while prioritizing the health and safety of our people, companies, clients and communities. We remain open with revised visitor protocols, physical distancing requirements, increased cleaning, staggered work hours, and remote work arrangements. To keep employees safe, we are following advice from public health officials.


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Virus Girlfriend
Chapter 1 - Zombie Puppet
Chapter 1: Zombie Puppet
Translator: Exodus Tales Editor: Exodus Tales
In a desolate street, a zombie wandered around unconsciously.
His mouth was slightly parted with saliva dripping down his lips. A pair of terrifying red eyes glinted icily.
There was a small, abandoned supermarket not far from where he was. The glass door was splattered with brown blood stains, fallen shelves and packages of food scattered all over the floor could be faintly seen through the opened door.
Behind the door, a middle-aged zombie moved slowly. Judging from his clothes, he used to be a staff member there.
The zombie approached the supermarket slowly and as he brushed past the middle-aged zombie, he suddenly took out a cleaver, turned around, and chopped off the middle-aged zombie's head with all his might.
Fresh blood gushed out and the headless corpse instantly fell to the ground.
The strange zombie then grabbed a shopping bag from behind the sales counter and began to rapidly collect food from the supermarket…
"Haa… It sure is tiring…"
In a dimly lit house, Ling Mo's face was dripping with sweat as he looked at the bag full of goods and necessities with satisfaction.
Opposite him sat the zombie that appeared in the supermarket. However, the zombie's look towards Ling Mo wasn't filled with evil intentions, but instead an empty expression.
"This is so much better than compared to a few days ago. I can finally control them more flexibly now."
Ling Mo shifted his gaze to the zombie and let loose a small smile.
Half a month ago, a new type of virus had appeared, turning the world into a tragic slaughterhouse in the blink of an eye.
Countless humans became zombies… or more accurately, after they were infected by the virus, they lost their self-consciousness and became crazy monsters with only slaughter in mind.
Those who survived had to hide in the dark corners of the city like mice.
Originally an ordinary person, Ling Mo, realized that he could control zombies after the apocalypse occured.
He could feel a faint connection between zombies and himself. The zombies' brains were empty like a doll's, and he could pour his consciousness into the zombies to control their actions.
However, it was extremely difficult at first. For quite a few days, zombies would often suddenly break free from his control, putting him in danger.
As Ling Mo continued to test his ability, he finally figured out some tricks. Not only could it allow him to keep stable control over the zombies, but it let him also control a zombie around to collect food and necessities for him.
However, he couldn't be too far from the zombie which saddened him.
Ling Mo felt like he was a zombie puppeteer, but the thread in his hands wasn't long enough and his technique lacked practice.
Despite this, he was rather satisfied with his powers since he could utilize zombies in order to live safely. He even named the zombie he controlled as the zombie puppet.
When controlling the zombie, Ling Mo faintly felt a sense of franticness which impacted him as he controlled it.
He couldn't tell whether this sensation was good or bad yet.
For the past few days, Ling Mo had learned quite a lot about the zombies' properties. What was different from the stereotypical zombie was that these zombies weren't undead, but were rather living humans infected by the virus.
Despite their bodies still being alive, their minds had completely turned monstrous. They attacked uninfected survivors and tore their flesh out. They were also strong, much stronger than regular humans.
This type of virus completely destroyed their intellect, took over their rational thinking, and turned them into slaughterers who were driven by their killing instinct.
To Ling Mo, these zombies were much more terrifying than the zombies he had seen in games and movies because they retained their five senses. Whether by sound or smell, anything could easily catch their attention.
"The sun's setting soon, let's go back for today."
This house wasn't safe and was just a temporary place for Ling Mo to stay while controlling his zombie puppet.
He shoved all the supplies collected today into his backpack, shook his aching head, and made the zombie puppet stand up.
Ling Mo stared at the zombie standing right in front of him and felt something strange.
Although he didn't emit a disgustingly rotten smell, the smell of blood was still exceptionally heavy. The virus made his face look pale without blood and his eyes shone red. Through his slightly parted lips, he could see strands of red flesh stuck on his teeth.
Needless to say, it must be the remains of the person he had devoured…
The zombie didn't look too bad. He was a teenager around seventeen or eighteen years old. However, his current condition made him look like a sinister devil.
"Come on, let's go…"
Ling Mo swallowed the sense of disgust in his heart and controlled the zombie down the stairs.
Although he had a zombie puppet to open up a path for him, it didn't mean that he was safe. Ling Mo held the sharp cleaver in his hands and followed behind the zombie puppet carefully.
He needed to cross a wide street from here to his temporary shelter. When he had come here in the morning, he had found some firecrackers and made some sound in the opposite direction to lure the majority of the zombies there. Even so, there were still some zombies wandering about on the street.
After he safely arrived at the crossroad, Ling Mo realized that trouble was coming.
There were two zombies blocking the crossing. He didn't know where they came from but their bodies were stained with fresh blood. One of them gnawed on an arm that he held in his hands.
In a city with a population of over ten million, survivors died for food supplies every single day. Death wasn't strange at all.
But when Ling Mo saw the remains of the arm, he still felt sad. Because he had special powers, he was better off than others. He would not let himself become these zombies' food due to negligence.
Ling Mo carefully controlled the zombie puppet and approached them carefully, raising the cleaver when he came close to one of them.
While the other zombie was distracted by the noise, Ling Mo dashed behind him with the blade in hand and stabbed the knife right in the back of his head.
Both of the zombies lost their lives at almost the exact same time. After pulling the knife out, Ling Mo kicked aside the dead body in front of him.
He didn't let any chance slip by where he could kill zombies himself. Although controlling zombies was useful, he had to be strong enough to protect himself.
Ling Mo felt a frantic sensation while he was killing the zombies. The moment he pulled the knife out, he even felt a sense of pleasure.
"The virus can't possibly spread through a spiritual connection… If that's the case I would've been infected and mutated a long time ago… If this isn't from the virus, what could it be?"
Ling Mo cared about these subtle changes very much but he didn't have any clues for the time being.
However, it was a good thing that he could kill zombies cleanly and that he was becoming more and more skilled.
Before the apocalypse, he was merely an ordinary person. His first time killing a zombie was extremely dangerous. Lingering fear haunted him and his mind stayed blank for a while afterwards.
In order to survive, he must strengthen his combat ability.
There was one person who was always on Ling Mo's mind. Familiarizing himself with controlling zombies and collecting as many supplies as possible were all for the purpose of crossing this area in order to find her…
Comments for chapter "Chapter 1"
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Serotonin, Amygdala and Fear: Assembling the Puzzle.
Bocchio M., McHugh SB., Bannerman DM., Sharp T., Capogna M.
The fear circuitry orchestrates defense mechanisms in response to environmental threats. This circuitry is evolutionarily crucial for survival, but its dysregulation is thought to play a major role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric conditions in humans. The amygdala is a key player in the processing of fear. This brain area is prominently modulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT input to the amygdala has drawn particular interest because genetic and pharmacological alterations of the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) affect amygdala activation in response to emotional stimuli. Nonetheless, the impact of 5-HT on fear processing remains poorly understood.The aim of this review is to elucidate the physiological role of 5-HT in fear learning via its action on the neuronal circuits of the amygdala. Since 5-HT release increases in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) during both fear memory acquisition and expression, we examine whether and how 5-HT neurons encode aversive stimuli and aversive cues. Next, we describe pharmacological and genetic alterations of 5-HT neurotransmission that, in both rodents and humans, lead to altered fear learning. To explore the mechanisms through which 5-HT could modulate conditioned fear, we focus on the rodent BLA. We propose that a circuit-based approach taking into account the localization of specific 5-HT receptors on neurochemically-defined neurons in the BLA may be essential to decipher the role of 5-HT in emotional behavior. In keeping with a 5-HT control of fear learning, we review electrophysiological data suggesting that 5-HT regulates synaptic plasticity, spike synchrony and theta oscillations in the BLA via actions on different subcellular compartments of principal neurons and distinct GABAergic interneuron populations. Finally, we discuss how recently developed optogenetic tools combined with electrophysiological recordings and behavior could progress the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying 5-HT modulation of fear learning via action on amygdala circuits. Such advancement could pave the way for a deeper understanding of 5-HT in emotional behavior in both health and disease.
10.3389/fncir.2016.00024
Front Neural Circuits
SSRI antidepressants, amygdala, fear, interneurons, mouse models, serotonin, serotonin transporter gene, Amygdala, Animals, Fear, Nerve Net, Serotonin