This tutorial will help you set up and interpret a Naive Bayes classification in Excel using the XLSTAT software.
This tutorial uses a dataset made available by the Center for Machine Learning and Intelligent Systems. Their Machine Learning Repository is accessible at this address, and gathers many insightful datasets related to Machine Learning.
The Naive Bayes classifier is a supervised machine learning algorithm that allows you to classify a set of observations according to a set of rules determined by the algorithm itself.
This classifier has first to be trained on a training dataset that shows which class is expected for a set of inputs.
During the training phase, the algorithm elaborates the classification rules on this training dataset that will be used in the prediction phase to classify the observations of the prediction dataset.
In this tutorial, we will use a dataset entitled Zoo database that has been created by Richard Forsyth in 1990 to illustrate its PC-Beagle program.
It contains a list of 101 animals in rows and their associated attributes described in 17 distinct qualitative variables (columns): hair, feathers, eggs, milk, airborne, aquatic, predator, toothed, backbone, breathes, venomous, fins, legs, tail, domestic, catsize.
All but one of these variables are boolean values taking a value of 1 when the corresponding attribute is observed for the animal under consideration, such as a tail or teeth, and 0 otherwise.
The remaining variable, the legs attribute, takes one value among 0, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8.
Finally, the 18th column is an integer value ranging from 1 to 7 that gives the type or subgroup to which the animal belongs.
This type value is the class we want our Naive Bayes classifier to predict. The dataset will then be divided into 2 subgroups. The first one will contain the 94 first rows and will be used to train the classifier. The second one will gather only 7 observations on which we will make our prediction.
After opening XLSTAT, select the XLSTAT / Machine Learning / Naive Bayes classifier command.
The Naive Bayes classifier dialog box appears.
First, select the output class of the training set in the Y / Qualitative variables field. In our case, the output class is the type of animal listed in the 18th column of the dataset.
As mentioned above, only the first 94 rows are used as a training dataset, the selection has to be made accordingly.
Next, the X / Explanatory variables should be selected. In our case, we are using qualitative variables only. The Qualitative checkbox should be activated and the 17 attributes of our training set selected.
Then we should select the prediction dataset which is made up of the 7 animals at the bottom of the list.
In the Option tab, you may choose between several parametric distributions if you are using quantitative data or use an empirical distribution to estimate the conditional probabilities.
For qualitative data however, only the empirical distribution makes sense and the distribution selection is therefore deactivated as shown in the figure below.
In order to make your classifier more robust with qualitative variables when classifying new observations, you might want to apply a Laplace Smoothing by setting the Smoothing parameter to an integer value different from 0.
In our case, we will set this value to 1.
Finally, we activate all 7 outputs in the Output tab, as shown below.
The first two tables display the observed frequency and relative frequency distributions of the output class and the attributes in the training set.
We can see in the first table that the type 1 class of animals is by far the most frequent one in the training dataset with 41.935%.
In the next table shown below, we can see that there were no instances of 5 legged animal in the training set.
However, we can see in the next table that shows the observed frequency distributions in the prediction set that a 5 legged animal is included in the prediction set.
It will be interesting to see how our classifier reacts to this new modality that wasn't present in the training set.
But first, let's have a look to the performance of our classifier on the training dataset with the two confusion matrices displayed next.
We can see on the picture below, the classifier presents a high rate of true positive results on both matrices which is very encouraging.
Results are given by class in the first table and for each observation in the second tab. We can see that the observation labeled PredObs4 is affected a class of type 7.
This is the 5 legged animal we talked about just a little earlier. It is a starfish and it indeed belongs to the type 7, together with the crab, the clam and the crayfish.
Therefore, thanks to the Laplace smoothing, our classifier successfully labeled this observation.


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Q: Blurring raster using ArcGIS for Desktop? I work with this JPG areal photograph and i need to blur this signed blue rectangle only:

I tried to decline the display quality in the display layer properties:

but it not enough for me, because i need the raster to be very pixeled, for example like this pixeled raster:

A: I would generate a new raster by right-clicking on the image in the Table of Contents and Data > Export Data.

Then change the cell size to something much less detailed, e.g. 10m or 100m etc. to suit.

The new output raster will be much more pixelated.  (Example below at 25m cell size)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Share this Story: NHL, players weigh in on racial divide, protests
NHL, players weigh in on racial divide, protests
Lance Hornby
Jun 02, 2020 • June 2, 2020 • 4 minute read
The NHL logo is seen on a goal at a Nashville Predators practice rink in Nashville, Tenn. Photo by Mark Humphrey /THE CANADIAN PRESS/AP
The National Hockey League, divided on many issues of late such as how best to emerge from its three-month pandemic pause, is finding a common social media voice regarding the death of George Floyd and the related protests.
With its teams and individuals weighing in with calls for reflection, change and calm in the streets, ESPN's Greg Wyshynski reported 21 of 32 teams, including Seattle, had released statements or boosted tweets from players as of 3 p.m. Monday.
NHL, players weigh in on racial divide, protests Back to video
That is highly unprecedented for a non-hockey issue. NHL deputy commissioner Bill Daly confirmed to Postmedia that all such action originated with the teams, with no encouragement from the league office.
Statement from the National Hockey League: pic.twitter.com/F0AagVAg4e
— NHL (@NHL) June 1, 2020
In its own release late Sunday, the league said it "stands with all those who are working to achieve a racially just society … in our own sport we will continue to do better and work diligently towards cultural change throughout hockey and endeavour to be mindful of our own shortcomings in this process."
Statement From The Toronto Maple Leafs pic.twitter.com/JQcCg4gAUg
— Toronto Maple Leafs (@MapleLeafs) June 1, 2020
Players from all backgrounds have posted, including Evander Kane, Jonathan Toews, Auston Matthews and Anthony Duclair.
pic.twitter.com/Q3kUWy3rAW
— Auston Matthews (@AM34) June 1, 2020
It's hard to articulate my feelings right now. That said, what's happening is wrong. We all have a responsibility to act; to listen, to learn, to speak up but most importantly to never accept anything less than equality, justice, anti-racism and love.
— morgan rielly (@mriles4) June 1, 2020
In his longer Instagram entry, Hawks Canadian-born captain Toews said:
"A lot of people may claim these riots and acts of destruction are a terrible response. I'll be the first to admit that as a white male that was also my first reaction. But who am I to tell someone that their pain is not real? Especially when it is at a boiling point and impossible to hold in anymore.
"It's obviously coming from a place of truth. This reaction isn't coming out of thin air. I'm not condoning or approving the looting, but are we really going to sit here and say that peaceful protesting is the only answer?
"My message isn't for black people and what they should do going forward. My message is to white people to open our eyes and our hearts. That's the only choice we have, otherwise this will continue."
UNITY 🙏🏼 pic.twitter.com/VBmEFvBmCx
— Nazem Kadri (@43_Kadri) June 1, 2020
OLDEST NHLER STILL FEISTY
It's impressive enough that Steve Wochy broke in playing on the 1940s Red Wings with Howe.
But then that's Syd Howe, who pre-dates Gordie in Motown. Wochy is the oldest living NHLer at 97, after the death of 98-year-old Jim Conacher earlier this year.
Born Steve Wojciechowski in old Fort William (later Thunder Bay) on Christmas Day 1922, Wochy told the Sault Ste. Marie Star he still lives by himself in the home he built in the Soo in 1959, cooks his own meals, does his own shopping and still drives, though Covid-related concerns restrict much of his activities.
Near the end of the Second World War, the right winger joined Detroit and had 19 goals in 49 games in the 1944-45 season, losing a seven-game Stanley Cup final to the Leafs. Not yet back from army service for Toronto was Howie Meeker, who at 96 is the league's second-oldest player.
Wochy said his one big season was due in part to centre Don Grosso, also from the Soo. At Christmas, Wings' manager Jack Adams gave Wochy a $25 scoring bonus.
"He said it was a gift from big boss (James) Norris. He said, 'Don't tell anybody.' I laugh about it every now and then."
Wochy played just five more NHL games before finishing his career in the AHL, a stint of minor hockey coaching and a job with Algoma Steel.
STILL HANKERING TO PLAY
The longer the delay goes on, the less you'd think 38-year-old Henrik Lundqvist having a chance to retain top billing in New York's crease.
But he told Sweden's Gothenburg Post he believes he can play "another few years" and wants to keep battling younger contenders Igor Shesterkin and Alexandar Georgiev when the Rangers re-group, post-pandemic.
"I'm not blind. (The Rangers) are thinking ahead," Lundqvist said. "There are many pieces that go into building a team right now, but also for the future. I have to fight if I want to go back and have that place in the net."
In theory, the three goalies will be on equal footing when camp resumes at some point in the coming weeks for a projected best-of-five series against Carolina.
The KHL has set Sept. 2 as its return to play date. That's a big if, as to whether quarantine conditions will have eased enough in Russia … Lou Lamoriello says construction on the Islanders new arena in Belmont Park, N.Y., has resumed after a two-month halt due to COVID-19. "The most comfortable feeling is that we were ahead of schedule when this all took place," the team's general manager said. "I do not believe there will be any hiccups as far as the delay of when it's proposed to be open (October 2021)" … After letting long-time assistant GM Michael Futa go, the Kings have announced farm team coach Mike Stothers won't be returning … Defenceman Frank Corrado, almost as well known for being on the brink of NHL full-time work the past seven years as the 76 games he has played for Vancouver, Toronto and Pittsburgh, has signed with MoDo in Sweden … For home games in coming seasons, Arizona will wear its original 'kachina' jerseys from the '90s with the Native American influenced Coyote design.
lhornby@postmedia.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It could very well be a savory pear tart. Or a carrot soufflé or even a Brussels sprouts Caesar salad with pecans that starts a holiday dispute.
A seemingly nice surprise and unconventional approach to fruits and vegetables this time of year might sound perfectly rational.
Thanksgiving is a time to gather with friends and family around a table that holds mostly traditional favorite dishes.
The mere thought or suggestion of sneaking in a new take on a familiar salad, side, appetizer or dessert may be grounds for a family fuss.
Chances are good that if the group assembled at your Thanksgiving table has been there year-after-year, the expectation is to serve exactly those same "tried and true" dishes that have been plated before.
If there are vegetarians in the crowd, one stands a better chance of introducing a new winter squash or green bean recipe. This falls under the guise of providing a memorable meal for those that refrain from turkey or any other meat products.
The license to color outside the clear boundaries of tradition invokes images of wild rice, cranberries, fennel, jicama, Jerusalum artichokes combined with whole grains, nuts, dried fruits and other more interesting ingredients.
No complaint against mashed potatoes. The provocative subject matter is just how will they be prepared.
Peels on or off? Dare to add sour cream, pesto, fresh baby dill or for heaven's sake, garlic and kale to the potato bowl. Protests are certain to break out.
Fresh herbs added to the simplest recipe can produce controversy at the table. Rosemary, sage and thyme are the quintessential holiday herbs. A little too much of one or not enough of another will tip a dressing in the wrong direction.
Cranberry relish is another side that we count on for consistency. This is not the stuff plopped out of a can. Rather, fresh cranberries cooked down on a stovetop with a bit of freshness from pineapple, citrus (oranges or tangerines) or other fruits like pomegranates.
One great way to bring some newness to the feast is with starter plates. Festive hors d'oeurves, dips and soups are less intrusive to the overall meal. Experiment to the heart's content with eggplant, pistachios, oysters, figs and dates if desired.
Right of refusal is easier when it comes while mingling and sipping a pre-Thanksgiving spirit. No one is likely to take notice of a rejected small plate.
Dessert is next and almost sacred. Don't mess with that pumpkin pie!


I have been home in New Zealand over a week now and I have been rather busy considering I'm on holiday. Apart from having some good ol family time I have been putting together a few presentations of my travels etc for some upcoming talks, hence the reason I havn't written for awhile.
Anywhoo, there is going to be another drought of posts the coming weeks as well because tomorrow Mandy and I head on a road trip of New Zealands South Island.
So until I'm back, keep living the dream.
Apologises, hapworkingtheworld seems to have been on holiday the past couple of weeks and will probably be on holiday for the following couple as well. I'll fill you in on what I have been up to since pooing and spewing in Torres Del Paine, and what I'm going to be doing in the coming weeks.
Well, after Torres Del Paine I chilled out in Puerto Natales, Chile nursing my stomach back to semi regularity with pumpkin and ginger soup. After 3 days of this and weaning myself off the Imodium I finally had the confidence to fart again!
With my new found confidence I wanted to get the hell out of cold and windy Patagonia (the southern region of Argentina and Chile), as beautiful as it was I wanted warmer weather, where? I didn't care, just as long as I didn't have to wear a thermal and a woollen hat.
I headed to the round-a-bout just out of town where the traffic is just starting to apply to the accelerator for the open road to the Argentine border an hour away. I couldn't have asked for a better hitch-hiking spot. Within 10 minutes I was picked up by a local lady. All was going well for my hitch-hiking mission to my sunny oasis………..that was until………………….
10km out of town my ride pulls over to the side of the open road and tells me that her house is down the side road and wishes me luck for my journey north. You can imagine my joy, 10km before I was in the perfect hitchhiking position, the start of the open road and close enough to town that I could still walk back if the weather packed in or if I had no luck. NOW, I was on the side of the road with cars and trucks passing at 100km/hr with no real space to pull over. Oh yeah, did I mention that there were menacing dark Patagonian storm clouds in the not too far off distance. Using all my breathing exercises and positive thinking I was trying to be thankful for the lady picking me up, but I just couldn't help but thinking she had been hit with the dumb stick a few too many times. Seriously, why the heck would a guy hitch hiking with his big pack want a ride only 10km down the road to the middle of nowhere! God bless her for picking me up.
As mothers do, I was reprimanded for my bad thoughts and within 10 minutes Mother Nature had talked with her contact in the Patagonian wind department and got him to fast forward those storm clouds right to where I was!
I tell you what, there's nothing like standing on the side of the road in Chile in a downpour with your thumb out and trucks passing you at 100km/hr with no real hope of catching a ride to make you realise what you really want to do. All of a sudden that bare bones, dim hostel that I had wanted to get out of seemed rather appealing and not to mention dry. At that point the red wine and sunshine of Mendoza, a place I had always wanted to visit seemed a lot more appealing than hitchhiking in the rain.
I crossed the road, and hitched a ride with a car pulling out of the dirt side road that my lady had taken an hour or two before. I have never been happier to hop into a car that has pieces of rope hanging out of the doors where door handles are usually located.
Once back in Puerto Natales, I went and booked the first bus out of town to Argentina's famed wine region, Mendoza. For those of you that are not familiar with the South American geography, Mendoza is about 10 cm away from Puerto Natales on my guidebook map. In reality that 10cm translates into an 8 hour bus ride over the border to Rio Gallegos, Argentina (via Punto Arenas), a 6 hour stopover in the bus station and then a 52 hour direct bus ride to Mendoza!
After my 66 hour bus marathon I arrived in sunny Mendoza! I spent one day just relaxing wandering around the city that felt to me a little bit like Buenos Aires younger sister, smaller but still with the same flashy European first world appearance.
The next day I met a random mix or Americans and English who were up for renting bikes and touring the regions wineries. As can be expected from mixing red wine and bikes the day consisted of one member having his bike hit by a truck and having to be picked up by the bike shop owner and me leading the group 7km in the wrong direction and having to retrace our steps. The red wine consumption carried on into the night as we then sampled the Mendoza night life.
The next day with my Mendoza souvenir, a headache that pounded to the beat of UB40's famous lyrics "red red wine" I hopped on a 28 hour bus to the Argentinian/Paraguayan border. I arrived at midnight and stayed in a bus station hotel that had all the flare and comforts of what you would expect from a South American border town bus station hotel, complimentary cockroaches thrown in for guests' enjoyment.
In the morning with relative ease (3 hours wait and US$45 later) I gained my Paraguayan tourist visa from the Paraguayan consulate. I then jumped into a rickety bus and headed to the Paraguayan border with the other Paraguayans that had various sized cartons of cheap Argentinean goods that they were taking back over the border, most notably cheap boxed red wine that litters the gutters of the urban slums.
As I struggled to fit through the beaten up bus door with my oversized pack laden with my tent and sleeping mat I was warmed, not only by the humid Paraguayan air but by the relaxed chaos that is Paraguay. The rubbish littered dirt road, the old men sitting on stools in the shade drinking tereré selling everything that you don't want from local football team banners to tacky cell phone holders, to the truck driver resting in his hammock slung from the side of his truck. It was a world away from the tourist packed shiny streets of Mendoza, it felt good to be back in Paraguay.
The next evening I was waiting at Asuncion airport for Mandy who had spent the last 6 weeks back in Colorado where she had chaperoned a group of Paraguayan exchange students. It felt good to be back at the airport where nearly 4 months ago I had said good bye to Mandy 3 weeks before her 30th birthday as I chased a small hope of finding work on an Antarctic cruise ship leaving from the port of Ushuaia at the end of the world.
As hard as it is saying good bye to a loved one and not knowing if you're going to be seeing each other in 1 month or 5 months, or which country you're going to be seeing each other, or knowing if my crazy obsession with working in Antarctic is going to end in tears, frustration and a deflated dream. It is golden to be reunited and the flame burning brighter better than before as you have both achieved and done the things that have been eating away at your minds for awhile, i.e. me working in Antarctica and Mandy getting to Brazil, studying Portuguese and going back and seeing her family and friends in the US.
In short our 10 days in Paraguay was spent chilling out at a friend's country house by the pool, cat sitting for another friend at her downtown apartment and spending time with the friends that had made us feel so at home for the Paraguayan chapter.
As I write this I'm sitting at a smoky street side café in Buenos Aires watching the hustle and bustle of this great city pass by. At 2am tomorrow morning we are catching a flight back to Auckland where we will be for nearly a month. Really looking forward to it, a little family reunion, a little roadie down the South Island and a few talks at schools. Then from NZ it's off to Melbourne, Australia to start a new chapter. I could tell you my plans for the Australian chapter and the following Africa chapter, but that's going to require a whole new post. Let me just say that my year in Melbourne is going to be spent raising funds for my African chapter, a chapter that is going to finish my goal with a bang! Expect something totally different from my previous chapters, think in terms of EXPEDITION.


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The best last-minute spring break travel deals for cheap flights, hotels and vacation packages
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Adventure Travel Destination: Gulag Prison Camp Perm-36
The Gulag penal system goes down in history as the most inhumane and barbaric means ever utilized by the Russian authorities to punish Soviet criminals and dissidents. Millions of hopeless souls were transported across the desolate Siberian Hinterland and deposited in crudely constructed work camps spread across the frozen permafrost, never to heard from again. None was more infamous or inspired more terror in the proletariat than Gulag Prison Camp Perm-36.
Reminiscent of Nazi concentration camps, Perm-36 was the harshest work camp the Soviet officials could devise, specifically designed to house formidable political dissidents, outspoken writers, abstract artists and anyone else who was considered an immediate threat to the communist ideals touted by the Russian government. Once considered a death sentence to be sent there, it is now a carefully preserved memorial and reminder to the world of what governments are capable of when faced with open opposition to their regime.
World War II was finished and Stalin was now faced with the daunting task of reconstruction. Severe damage was inflicted on Russian cities along the Western border (the Nazi's referred to this as the Eastern Front during the war) and were in dire need of repair. Figuring he could kill two birds with one stone, Stalin ordered the construction of logging camps around the Perm region, approximately 1,400 km due East of Moscow, on the border of the Siberian Hinterland. Here, 150,000 undesirables were dispersed throughout one hundred fifty work camps and assigned the task of providing much-needed lumber for Western cities.
Known officially as ITK-6 camp, the notorious Perm-36 was quickly filled with one thousand of the "worst of the worst" offenders. The inmates were divided into four inhospitable sleeping barracks, where they were allowed seven hours sleep every night, the time spent freezing under thin blankets as arctic winds blasted through wide cracks in the wooden walls. Along with the barracks, the camp also had a headquarters building, a rudimentary hospital and a horrific punishment block, where dissidents were sent if the authorities felt that maybe they were enjoying their winter vacation a bit too much.
The reformatory camp had the most stringent work schedule of any of the Perm work camps. Prisoners were awakened each morning at six a.m. sharp, given a meager breakfast and then promptly marched an hour and a half to the forest to begin logging. There they were forced to cut down massive aspen and oak trees with hand saws and then cart the timber to the Chusovaya and Kama rivers, which floated the timber Southwest to the Volga. After nine hours of non-stop labor, the dissidents were marched back to camp, given dinner and then sent to the barracks. Rinse and repeat. It is unclear if this rigorous schedule actually helped reform anyone, as a great majority ended up dead and the remainder were permanently damaged both mentally and physically.
The Soviet government, on the other hand, was quite pleased with the results. Feeling they were really on to something here, they formally named Perm-36 the official residence of the worst Soviet political prisoners and, in 1972, converted the Gulag into a fully functioning, modernized prison camp. Enemies of the state continued to be sent here to work and rot away until 1987, when it was finally closed.
The most famous dissident to be sentenced to the Gulag prison system was writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn. After his arrest for writing critical comments about Joseph Stalin, he was sentenced to eight years of hard labor. This terrible experience formed the foundation for his critically acclaimed works One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich and The Gulag Archipelago, his searing account of Soviet labor camps.
THE AREA TODAY
Soon after Perestroika in the 1980's, the labor camps were systematically dismantled and the door quietly shut on this dark period in Russian history. The one remaining camp is Perm-36, chosen for preservation by human rights activists in the former Soviet Union because of it's particularly diabolical nature. The site is now the Memorial Center Museum for the History of Political Repression, with all the original fences and buildings intact. Frozen in time, it is a vivid reminder of what lengths governments will go to repress the human spirit.
Ironically, because of the Russian government's practice of sending their best and brightest writers and artists to reside in the work camps, the nearby city of Perm has become a mecca for Soviet artists. Along with the prisoners, several theatrical companies also moved to the area during World War II to escape Soviet repression. This influx of creative individuals has turned Perm into a major center for the arts, hosting museums and galleries that rival those found in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
You will need to book and international flight to either Moscow, Russia (DME) or to Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia (GOJ). From there, you will take a ninety minute flight to Bolshoye Savino Airport, located in Perm, Russia (PEE).
Car travel is the most expedient means of making your way to Perm-36. You can rent a car right at the Perm airport upon your flight arrival. Perm hosts modern hotel chains (such as the Hilton) for a comfortable stay in between your daily touring excursions. The Memorial Center Museum for the History of Political Repression is open every day from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. and closed Mondays.
After your travels, I would enjoy hearing about your experiences, so feel free to contact me via the website below and send me and email.
Jersey Channel Islands a Ghostly Place to Visit
Look out for ghosts in Jersey. There are many tales of ghosts in Jersey Channel Islands, so here are a handful of the more famous ones for you to read. At Devils Hole in St Mary eerie noises of the sea being sucked in and blown out by the rock […]
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The Salvation Army Annual Health, Wellness and Safety Fair is the place to find information about making healthy and safe choices to better you and your family's life.
Various agencies and business will share health plans, healthy lifestyle options, fire safety, traffic accident prevention, chiropractors, various fitness opportunities and what the Salvation Army is all about.
There will also be demonstrations, fun activities, food, and drinks free for all ages.


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For a long time, I gave white people the benefit of the doubt. I told myself that they didn't know what they were doing. They were ignorant. If only we explained it to them, helped them relate, then they'd understand. Over the past three years I've seen explanation after explanation and still people deny racism. They deny profiling. They deny persecution of Black people. They deny and when they can't deny, they lie. It was in the past six months that I finally accepted that all of this is 100% deliberate, including the "ignorance." It is willful. It is a choice.
My denial of this was the only thing that made me feel slightly safe in this world. It was what helped me stay optimistic about the future and aided me in giving white people the benefit of the doubt. I don't give them the benefit of the doubt anymore. Now I just understand that if they aren't challenging racism, they support it. I can no longer call my husband's racism unconscious. It was unchallenged. Now we both live with the challenge of what that means and how he needs to continue to change and grow.
TaLynn Kel, "The Danger Of Unchallenged Racism In Interracial Relationships," The Establishment, July 18, 2016. http://www.theestablishment.co/2016/07/18/the-danger-of-unchallenged-racism-in-interracial-relationships/.
University of Maryland Medical System drops race-based algorithm officials say harms Black patients
Posted in Articles, Health/Medicine/Genetics, Media Archive, Politics/Public Policy, United States on 2021-11-27 23:29Z by Steven
Ovetta Wiggins, Local reporter covering Maryland state politics
Uchenna Ndubisi, who is undergoing dialysis treatment, was pleased to learn that her hospital is getting rid of a race-based algorithm for a kidney diagnostic test. (Astrid Riecken for The Washington Post)
Uchenna Ndubisi was blown away when she first noticed the "African American" notation on a diagnostic test designed to show doctors how well her kidneys are working.
What did her race have to do with the toll lupus was taking on her body? The answer left her more resigned than surprised: an equation used to estimate how well a person's organs filter waste included a decades-old racist assumption about Black bodies.
In this case, clinicians assumed Ndubisi had more muscle mass than a White patient would. For many Black kidney patients, like Ndubisi, the equation overestimates how well their kidneys are functioning, leading to the loss of critical time for necessary treatment.
"It's being Black in America," said Ndubisi, 35, who lives in Prince George's County. "Another reminder . . . that there's hurdles into health care for African Americans in this country."…
Tags: kidney disease, Maryland, Mohan Suntha, Ovetta Wiggins, Paul Palevsky, race correction, Stephen Seliger, Susan E. Quaggin, The Washington Post, Uchenna Ndubisi, University of Maryland, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Washington Post
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Sexuality and Slavery: Reclaiming Intimate Histories in the Americas
Posted in Anthologies, Books, Caribbean/Latin America, History, Media Archive, Slavery, United States, Women on 2021-09-20 13:57Z by Steven
University of Georgia Press
5 b&w images
6.000in x 9.000in
Hardcover ISBN: 9-780-8203-5403-3
Paperback ISBN: 9-780-8203-5404-0
Daina Ramey Berry, Oliver H. Radkey Regents Professor of History
University of Texas, Austin
Leslie M. Harris, Professor of History
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
Foreword by:
Catherine Clinton, Denman Endowed Professor in American History
University of Texas, San Antonio
An examination of the many facets of sexuality within slave communities
In this groundbreaking collection, editors Daina Ramey Berry and Leslie M. Harris place sexuality at the center of slavery studies in the Americas (the United States, the Caribbean, and South America). While scholars have marginalized or simply overlooked the importance of sexual practices in most mainstream studies of slavery, Berry and Harris argue here that sexual intimacy constituted a core terrain of struggle between slaveholders and the enslaved. These essays explore consensual sexual intimacy and expression within slave communities, as well as sexual relationships across lines of race, status, and power. Contributors explore sexuality as a tool of control, exploitation, and repression and as an expression of autonomy, resistance, and defiance.
Foreword / Catherine Clinton
Introduction / Daina Ramey Berry and Leslie M. Harris
Chapter 1 : Early European Views of African Bodies: Beauty / Stephanie M. H. Camp
Chapter 2: Toiling in the Fields: Valuing Female Slaves in Jamaica, 1674-1788 / Trevor Barnard
Chapter 3: Reading the Specter of Racialized Gender in Eighteenth-Century Bridgetown, Barbados / Marisa J. Fuentes
Chapter 4: As if She Were My Own: Love and Law in the Slave Society of Eighteenth-Century Peru /Bianca Premo
Chapter 5: Wombs of Liberation: Petitions, Law, and the Black Woman's Body in Maryland, 1780-1858 / Jessica Millward
Chapter 6: Rethinking Sexual Violence and the Marketplace of Slavery: White Women, the Slave Market, and Enslaved Peoples Sexualized Bodies in the Nineteenth-Century South / Stephanie Jones-Rogers
Chapter 7: The Sexual Abuse of Black Men under American Slavery Thomas A. Foster
Chapter 8: Manhood, Sex, and Power in Antebellum Slave Communities / David Doddington
Chapter 9: What's Love Got to Do with It? Concubinage and Enslaved Women and Girls in the Antebellum South / Brenda E. Stevenson
Chapter 10: When the Present Is Past: Writing the History of Sexuality and Slavery / Jim Downs
Tags: Barbados, Bianca Premo, Brenda E. Stevenson, Brenda Stevenson, Bridgetown, Catherine Clinton, Daina Ramey Berry, David Doddington, Jamaica, Jessica Millward, Jim Downs, Leslie M. Harris, Marisa Fuentes, Marisa J. Fuentes, Maryland, Peru, Stephanie Jones-Rogers, Stephanie M. H. Camp, Thomas A. Foster, Trevor Burnard, University Of Georgia Press
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Yes, There Are Women of Color in the DAR
Posted in Articles, Barack Obama, History, Media Archive, United States, Women on 2021-08-21 03:16Z by Steven
Washingtonian
Rosa Cartagena
Reisha Raney at the headquarters of the DAR's Maryland chapter. Photograph by Lauren Bulbin
A Maryland researcher—and relative of Thomas Jefferson—is exploring their stories.
Reisha Raney had never listened to a podcast when she decided to start one last year. A mathematician who runs a systems-engineering company in Fort Washington, Raney has, as a side project, spent years researching women of color who have joined the Daughters of the American Revolution. She was drawn to this topic for one obvious reason: Raney herself is a Black member of the DAR.
To Raney, the backgrounds of people like her—which often involve disturbing relationships between enslavers and the enslaved—represent an important aspect of our past. So after a two-week crash course in podcasting, she launched Daughter Dialogues, which features her interviews with current DAR members. "I had no expectation to ever run into any of these other Black women" in the society, she says. "We were so scarce that I expected to be the only one in the room all the time." In fact, that hasn't been the case; she has so far found and interviewed 22 women of color. Still, that's a tiny fraction of the DAR's 180,000-plus membership. (The group doesn't keep track of racial demographics.)…
Tags: DAR, Daughters of the American Revolution, Edwin Turpin, Maryland, Reisha Raney, Rosa Cartagena, Thomas Jefferson, Washingtonian
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Born into Slavery, Joshua Johnson Became the First Black Professional Artist in the United States
Posted in Articles, Arts, Biography, History, Media Archive, Slavery, United States, Virginia on 2020-07-17 21:06Z by Steven
Jaelynn Walls, Curator and Writer
Family Group, ca. 1800
National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
Historians know woefully little about Joshua Johnson, the first professional African American artist to work in the United States. An active painter in Maryland and Virginia from roughly the 1790s to 1825, Johnson was all but forgotten until the middle of the 20th century. In 1939, Baltimore genealogist and art historian J. Hall Pleasants attributed 13 paintings to Johnson and began the long journey of reconstructing his career through scraps of often contradictory information. Even the artist's last name is uncertain, and many art historians are still debating whether it was spelled "Johnson" or "Johnston."
Johnson was born into slavery in mid-18th-century Maryland to a white man and a Black slave woman owned by William Wheeler Sr. Chattel records note his race as mulatto, though Maryland had no legal definition for what constituted "Black" versus "mixed race" at the time. Pleasants located documents variously describing Johnson as a slave, a slave trained as a blacksmith, a Black servant afflicted with consumption, and an immigrant from the West Indies.
While much of Johnson's history remains mysterious, his special place in art history is assured. The next renowned African American artists to emerge in the United States, Robert S. Duncanson and Henry Ossawa Tanner, followed Johnson by decades…
Tags: Annelise K. Madsen, Artsy, Baltimore, Baltimore Museum of Art, J. Hall Pleasants, Jacob Hall Pleasants, Jaelynn Walls, Joshua Johnson, Maryland, Metropolitan Museum of Art, National Gallery of Art, Toby Maria Chieffo-Reidway
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Blackness and Whiteness
Posted in Articles, Autobiography, Family/Parenting, Identity Development/Psychology, Media Archive, United States on 2019-08-29 01:01Z by Steven
Our Human Family: Conversations on achieving equality
Emily Cashour
The author and her mother
Growing up as mixed-race alongside my white mother
Growing up, I was unaccustomed to discussions about race. For most of my life, the color of my skin was something simple, a fact that became more or less apparent alongside the changing seasons. When it started to become impossible to ignore, as a young child, I pushed to downplay my color difference. I sat in the shade with my white cousins at the beach to prevent the sun from reaching me, complained with a gentle fierceness each time my mother took me to get my hair braided, said quiet "thank-yous" with no further explanation to people who gleefully oohed and ahhed at my beautiful tan.
As a teenager, I embraced wholeheartedly the idea of tan equaling beautiful, at least so far as in the context of tan being simply a new shade of whiteness, rather than brownness. I was a tan white person. At least, that is what everyone in my town assumed me to be, and rather than fight the simplicity of that label, I allowed it to begin defining me.
My mom, a white woman and single mother, was quiet during these years. If I had questions, she would answer them willingly, but quite honestly, I rarely ever asked her anything. Sometimes, when she took me to Baltimore, we drove home the long way, observing dilapidated neighborhoods and houses with wooden boards with holes in them where windows should've been. The sidewalks and the weeds in the place of gardens made these communities look tired, winded. It was clear that places like this were worlds away from where my mom and I lived; yet we were both keen outsiders, desperate for a deeper understanding. There's something funny about an obviously white woman and an obviously brown child alone together, trying to find a community. On those trips to Baltimore, my mother and I had not quite identified our community yet…
Tags: Baltimore, Emily Cashour, Maryland, Our Human Family, Our Human Family: Conversations on achieving equality
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Interracial Marriage in a Southern Area: Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia
Posted in Articles, Census/Demographics, History, Law, Media Archive, Social Science, United States, Virginia on 2019-04-08 17:13Z by Steven
Journal of Comparative Family Studies
Volume 8, Number 2, ETHNIC FAMILIES: STRUCTURE AND INTERACTION (SUMMER 1977)
Thomas P. Monahan, Professor of Sociology
Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania
Representing the Southern tradition, Virginia and Maryland in Colonial times enacted strong laws against racial intermarriage, which continued in force until 1967. For over 100 years the District of Columbia, located between Virginia and Maryland at the North-South borderline, allowed the races to marry without legal restriction. Strong social restraints, nevertheless, existed. How frequently mixed marriages occurred in the District in the past, and in all three jurisdictions after 1967, when such marriages could legally take place anywhere in the United States, is a matter of special interest. What change has there been in the extent and nature of interracial marriage in this geographical area?1
The Legal Control of Intermarriage
Shortly after the settlement of the English colonies in America, public opinion became antagonistic toward the interbreeding of whites with Negroes, mulattoes, or Indians, and laws were passed to control biological blending and intermarriage of the races (Ballagh, 1902; Johnson, 1919, Guild, 1936; Reuter, 1931:75; Scott, 1930; Wilson, 1965:20; Jordan, 1968:139).
Ten years after the importation of a small number of Negro slaves into the colony, the Virginia Assembly in 1630 ordered the sound whipping of one Hugh Davis for lying with a Negress, a heathen (Hening, 1809:1-146; Hurd, 1858:1-229), and in 1640 a Robert Sweet was ordered by the Governor and Council to do penance in church for impregnating a Negro woman, who was to be whipped…
Read or purchase the article here.
Tags: Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Maryland, Thomas P. Monahan, Washington DC
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People of Mixed Ancestry in the Seventeenth-Century Chesapeake: Freedom, Bondage, and the Rise of Hypodescent Ideology
Posted in Articles, History, Law, Media Archive, Native Americans/First Nation, Slavery, United States, Virginia on 2019-02-26 01:58Z by Steven
Journal of Social History
Volume 52, Number 3, Spring 2019
DOI: 10.1093/jsh/shx113
A. B. Wilkinson, Assistant Professor of History
This article examines the origins of mixed-race ideologies and people of mixed African, European, and Native American ancestry—commonly identified as mulattoes—in the seventeenth-century English colonial Chesapeake and wider Atlantic world. Arguably, for the better part of the century, English colonial societies in the Chesapeake resembled Latin America and other Atlantic island colonies in allowing a relatively flexible social hierarchy, in which certain mixed-heritage people benefitted from their European lineage. Chesapeake authorities began to slowly set their provinces apart from their English colonial counterparts in the 1660s, when they enacted laws to deter intimate intermixture between Europeans and other ethnoracial groups and set policies that punished mixed-heritage children. Colonial officials attempted to use the legal system to restrict people of mixed ancestry, Africans, and Native Americans in bondage. These efforts supported the ideology of hypodescent, where children of mixed lineage are relegated more closely to the position of their socially inferior parentage. However, from the 1660s through the 1680s, these laws were unevenly enforced, and mixture increased with the growth of African slaves imported into the region. While many mulattoes were enslaved during this period, others were able to rely on their European heritage or racial whiteness. This allowed them to gain or maintain freedom for themselves and their families, before Virginia and Maryland institutionalized greater restrictions in the 1690s.
Tags: A. B. Wilkinson, Aaron B. Wilkinson, Aaron Wilkinson, hypodescent, Journal of Social History, Maryland
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Frederick Douglass: a multi-racial trailblazer
Posted in Articles, Biography, History, Law, Media Archive, Slavery, United States on 2018-02-11 05:14Z by Steven
Tanya Katerí Hernández, Professor of Law
Fordham University School of Law
Gregory Morton purchased Frederick Douglass' home in Fells Point and makes it available to rent on Airbnb. (Barbara Haddock Taylor / Baltimore Sun)
Last year President Trump made statements that left the impression he believed that abolitionist Frederick Douglass was still alive. In some respects, he still is. This month marks the 200th anniversary of Frederick Douglass' birth, and his racial justice work continues to be relevant today. In fact, after President Trump was informed that Douglass died in 1895, the president signed into law the Frederick Douglass Bicentennial Commission Act to organize events to honor the bicentennial anniversary of Douglass's birth.
While slave records mark Douglass' birth month as February — he was born in a plantation on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay in Talbot County — his status as a slave meant he had no information about the exact day he was born. As an adult he chose Feb. 14th for himself as a birth date. He was also never told who his father was, but circumstances lead him to conclude that it was his white slave owner.
Despite his mixed-race heritage and likely connection to his owner, Douglass was separated from his mother at an early age and exposed to physical abuse from his owners…
Tags: Baltimore Sun, Frederick Douglass, Gregory Morton, Helen Pitts, Maryland, Tanya Hernández, Tanya K. Hernández, Tanya Kateri Hernández, The Baltimore Sun
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Living a white lie
Posted in Articles, Campus Life, History, Media Archive, Passing, Tri-Racial Isolates, United States on 2017-08-10 02:30Z by Steven
Silver Chips Online: Montgomery Blair High School's Online Student Newspaper
Lily Alexander, Managing Features Editor, Print-Online Coordinator
Jim Queen, 70, now lives in San Francisco with his wife of 40 years. From 1954 to 1957, he attended Montgomery Blair High School, where he was forced to pass as a white student by hiding his far more complex and multiracial heritage.
In 1954, Jim Queen arrived at Montgomery Blair High School. The school was all white. He was not.
The janitors would come to watch him run. They knew – or at least sensed – he wasn't who he said he was. As he raced around the quarter-mile track at old Blair High School, they would silently agree about what was never said aloud. And at a time when race relations in the United States were defined by divisions, from water fountains to hospitals, Jim Queen was an anomaly. The janitors suspected it. His parents knew it. And so did he.
The school system did not.
Three years before MCPS [(Montgomery County Public Schools)] officially opened its doors to integration, Jim Queen was a student with a mixed heritage – part white, part black, part Native American – studying at a school comprised entirely of white students. For over two years, Queen maintained this façade, keeping his racial background a secret from friends, teachers and classmates.
Now 70, Queen is far-removed from his time at Blair, but the experiences of his upbringing and childhood clouded by questions of racial identity and self-discovery have played a large role in small farm in shaping the man he has become…
…More recently, Queen launched the "One Race Movement." This movement promotes the idea that we all belong to one race – the human race – and that the concept of multiple races is "a false social construct used historically to divide and exploit people," rather than a scientifically-based idea. He developed this idea after rediscovering his own Wesort roots and learning about the Genome Project conducted by Craig Venter, which aimed to prove that all humans originally come from Africa. To convey his movement's core message, Queen designed a symbol that now adorns clothing and posters, depicting the silhouettes of many different colored faces and the word "ONE" beneath it…
Tags: Jim Queen, Lily Alexander, Maryland, MCPS, Montgomery Blair High School, Montgomery County Public Schools, Silver Chips Online, Silver Chips Online: Montgomery Blair High School's Online Student Newspaper, Silver Spring
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Before "Hidden Figures," There Was a Rock Opera About NASA's Human Computers
Posted in Articles, Arts, Biography, History, Media Archive, United States, Women on 2017-03-13 01:30Z by Steven
Linda Billings, Senior Editor
Katherine Johnson's inspirational story came to the Baltimore stage in 2015, thanks to another space scientist.
"Hidden Figures," the story of three African-American women whose mathematical skill helped NASA launch astronauts into space and back in the early 1960s, has been both a critical and box office success. With more than $100 million in ticket sales and a stack of award nominations, the movie has inspired audiences with a true story made even more powerful by virtue of the fact that it was largely untold for 50 years. And still mostly unknown is the story of another NASA scientist who beat Hollywood to the punch by putting "human computer" Katherine Johnson's saga on stage almost two years ago.
Heather Graham is an astrobiologist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center outside Washington, D.C. She's also a gamer, a feminist, and a member of the Baltimore Rock Opera Society. In May 2015, the society staged Graham's one-act rock opera, "Determination of Azimuth," which portrays how Johnson and her colleagues Mary Jackson and Dorothy Vaughan, were ignored and demeaned on the job at NASA's Langley Research Center in Virginia, because they were black and female. The story has a happy ending: Their work was validated, their expertise accepted. But they had to endure racism and sexism along the way…
Tags: Air & Space, Air & Space Magazine, Baltimore, Determination of Azimuth, Dorothy Vaughan, Heather Graham, Heather V. Graham, Heather Valeah Graham, Katherine Johnson, Linda Billings, Mary Jackson, Maryland, NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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West Wildwood Beach New Jersey and its shorelines are most traveled, West Wildwood Beach is a preferred location for Holiday Retreat Travel Tour and Water Sport. Clean Sand and Epic view of Sunrise and Sunset on West Wildwood Beach makes it a ultimate destination. West Wildwood Beach has stunning shoreline comes in at number one. The unblemished sand extends is long and beautiful, smack blast amidst warm sun, with completely clear waters ideal for snorkeling. It's the most shot beach in as per Tourist Reviews. Water Sport on West Wildwood Beach is renowned one. West Wildwood is a borough in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The Wildwoods free beaches offer plenty of room for a variety of summertime activities everything from surfing to boogie boarding to body surfing to tossing a Frisbee to reading in the shade.
Throughout the season, this five-mile stretch of powdery-white sand also hosts a number of events, including championship soccer, lacrosse and hockey tournaments, the National Marbles Championships, Monster Truck Races, Motocross Races, Sand Sculpting Festivals, headline concerts, the Wildwoods International Kite Festival and so much more.This amazing shorelines of West Wildwood comes in at Top Order. The faultless sand expands more till the skyline, smack impact in the midst of the shores, with totally clear waters perfect for water wears in United States. It's the most grand shoreline in United States as demonstrated by group of vacationer visiting the West Wildwood Beach. With best perspectives amid dawn and dusk you can witness a delightful show of tints end up noticeably known.
The Wildwoods offer a little something for everyone! With free events, free beaches, free fireworks and free live music throughout the summer. Around the world, West Wildwood Beach is prominent for its delightful shorelines. There are a lovely piece of shorelines in West Wildwood Beach and most by far of them are flawless and quiet. West Wildwood Beach are serene and in addition of a for the most part high gauge and it gloats a bit of the best shorelines on the planet. Tourism In charge keep their shorelines spotless and waste free. Attractions nearby West Wildwood beach includes Wildwood Boardwalk, Downtown Wildwood Farmers Market, George F. Boyer Historical Museum, Seaport Aquarium, Silver Bullet Tours, Splash Zone Water Park, The Doo Wop Preservation League Museum.


Cantil, California real estate guide. Premier Agent Network provides Cantil real estate information about housing prices, latest Cantil real estate trends, neighborhood information and market activity. Understand the Cantil real estate market and look at our valuable statistic overview before buying a home in Cantil, California. Find Cantil properties, sales statistics, housing price trends, compare Cantil schools and general demographic information for Cantil, California. Start your Cantil home search today with Premier Agent Network.


Probably one of the most important things you need to do after you pull your RV into your Campsite is learn how to set up your campsite so that you and your family can get the most enjoyment while camping.
You are going to find that there are some relatively simple campsite essentials you can carry with you that are so useful, you will wonder why you didn't get them before.
Things such as; the right campsite chairs, the right grill, the right outdoor lights, a good campsite rug, and many more can really improve your comfort and how you use of your camper.
I have written an article on HubPages that details so many of the products a camper can use while on vacation that any Novice camper should read it.
You can click on the link below to read this extensive article that lists so many of the items you might want to consider owning.
Previous PostPrevious Got Mice in your RV? Here's how to get rid of them for good!


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Q: How to disable a sticky element on smartphones using locomotive library? I have a question regarding javascript.(I'm new). I'm using the locomotive smooth scroll library in a Webflow project. Because Webflow interactions tend to not work very well in combination with locomotive, I've used the functionality provided by locomotive to create a sticky element. On mobile I want to disable the sticky effect. This is the locomotive code:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/locomotive-scroll@3.5.4/dist/locomotive-scroll.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/locomotive-scroll@4.1.1/dist/locomotive-scroll.min.js"></script>
<script>
const locoScroll = new LocomotiveScroll({
  el: document.querySelector(".locomotive-scroll"),
  smooth: true,
  smartphone: {
      smooth: true
  },
  tablet: {
      smooth: true
  },
    smoothMobile: 1,
  multiplier: 1.0,
});
</script>

The parent div of the sticky element has an ID assigned called #sticky1
The div that sticks to the top of the viewport has the following attributes: attributes
How do I make it so that on mobile, the sticky effect is removed? Hope my question makes sense!
Kind regards,
Jeroen

A: You can simply use javascript to remove the data-scroll-sticky attribute from your div BEFORE you initialize locomotive for example:
if(isMobile) {
      element.removeAttribute(data-scroll-sticky);
      element.removeAttribute(data-scroll-target);
}

const locoScroll = new LocomotiveScroll({


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Law | Politics
Dorgan praises Obama support on Law and Order
Sen. Byron Dorgan (D-North Dakota), the chairman of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee, welcomed the Obama administration's support for S.797, the Tribal Law and Order Act.
Dorgan introduced the bill in April. It encourages more prosecution of crime in Indian Country, increases penalties for reservation offenders, reauthorizes key programs and establishes consistent protocols to address sexual violence.
The Obama administration testified on the bill in July but did not offer a full endorsement until last week, when Attorney General Eric Holder spoke at the Department of Justice Tribal Nations Listening Conference. "The Justice Department fully supports the bill and we look forward to the day that President Obama signs it into law," he said.
"This is very welcome news," Dorgan said in response. "Native American families have a right to live in a safe and secure environment. The federal government has treaty and trust obligations to see that they do. For much of our history, however, the federal government has done a poor job of meeting those obligations. This legislation aims to help turn that failure around. The President's support for this bill will provide significant help in getting these much needed reforms enacted into law."
The Senate Indian Affairs Committee approved the bill last month. A vote has not been scheduled on the Senate floor.
Committee Notice:
HEARING on S. 797, the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2009 (June 25, 2009)
SCIA Press Release:
LEGISLATION WOULD STRENGTHEN LAW & ORDER IN INDIAN COUNTRY (April 3, 2009)
Tribal Law and Order Act ready for Senate floor (9/11)
Senate Indian Affairs Committee approves bills (9/11)
Editorial: Obama should back Tribal Law and Order (9/4)
State opposes Alaska Native provisions in bill (8/7)
Senate Indian Affairs hearing on Law and Order (6/25)
Witness list for hearing on Law and Order Act (6/24)
In The Hoop: Uhh, good luck with that testimony... (6/24)
Indian Affairs hearing on Law and Order Act (6/18)
Tribal law and order bill introduced in Senate (4/6)
byron dorgan
law and order act
Yellow Bird: Clearing up some Giago allegations
Witness list for House hearing on land-into-trust


CapSure, a leader in alternative wealth creation and risk mitigation strategies, is a disruptive force for change in the tradition-bound and highly profitable property and casualty insurance industry for mid-market companies. CapSure is helping companies create their own purpose-built, self-insurance subsidiaries, called "captive insurance" companies, in order to achieve major savings on insurance premiums, improve coverage of risks, build underwriting profits and grow capital.
It's a disruptive model that has already helped some 100 CapSure clients increase stakeholder wealth once captured by commercial insurance companies and build competitive advantage through the reinvestment of preserved capital.
The Ohio-based risk management advisory firm, a subsidiary of NMS Accounting, has designed a regulatory-compliant, independently audited captive insurance model that allows ordinary mid-size companies to take advantage of a proven approach previously used only by much larger businesses. With CapSure's expertise and tools, these companies are creating their own licensed, regulated insurance entities and profiting from their own safer practices.
The model allows companies to avoid a huge proportion of insurance costs associated with broker commissions (approximately 20 percent) and administrative costs (20-40 percent). These are areas of massive waste for an industry that exceeds $1.1 trillion in premiums, including $500 million in property and casualty insurance, in the United States alone.
Many observers believe the insurance industry is ripe for disruptive innovation and change. There are 46 insurance companies in the Fortune 500 with an average age of about 95 years. Meanwhile, insurance tech start-ups with disruptive new models raised over $830 million during the first five months of 2015 alone. And while the captive insurance model is not new to large corporations, its application in the mid-market is a disruptive new trend with huge potential benefits to businesses.
Virtually all of the firm's diverse clients have benefited significantly. On average, they've achieved a 15-20% savings on premiums and, in addition, often significant, tax-exempt profits on reinsurance.
Warren Vickers, partner in CapSure, says the extra savings and investment has boosted the employment and business agility options for clients, while also improving their operational safety, and allowing them to take the business risks necessary to innovate.
Vickers says many mid-sized company CFOs have, for the first time, been able to insure against the unique risks of the new digital economy, including cyber threats, data breaches, and brand reputation risks.
So companies are finding that they can use the new pool of insurance profits to invest in job-creating innovation, and also take the necessary risks of pursuing those innovations because they are covered for new, unique digital threats by the same model.
He says the company assists business owners who are frustrated with fluctuating and excessive premiums to effectively bypass traditional insurance by empowering them to underwrite and manage their risk coverage, while still acquiring commercial coverage against more catastrophic risks. CapSure helps companies to retain underwriting profits and investment income; money that is otherwise captured by traditional carriers. Meanwhile, premiums to the captive entity are tax-deferred, and available to be invested to grow the insured's business.
CapSure, which is in the midst of new branding campaign to reflect its growing national footprint, is reaching out to companies that are best positioned to benefit from the model, including but not limited to those in trucking and logistics, real estate, franchise companies and warranty providers.
Benefits for ethical and compliant tax savings.
Although the captive market has suffered negative publicity due to the abuses of a few small "micro captives", many experts believe that the extra employment and safety generated by properly structured programs will lead to ever-increasing public support, a friendlier legislative environment, and a much-needed cash boost for mid-sized companies. Indeed, legislation passed in December 2015 will boost the limit on premium revenue that captives can receive from $1.2 million to $2.2 million early next year.
Meanwhile, awareness is growing among private company executives that the majority of Fortune 500 firms have their own captive entities, from Verizon to Sears, and that it is simply smart business.
While the model offers significant tax advantages, recent research shows that the fundamental value motivation lies elsewhere, with surveyed companies listing key coverage gaps, the recapture of premiums, unique coverage for cyber risks; and access to reinsurance markets as the top four value-adds they have enjoyed.
Like the technology-enabled fields of telematics and robo-advice within financial services, compliant captive insurance has graduated from the "too-good-to-be-true" phase and into one of the new win-win-win business models of the new economy (where the "third win" is improved safety).
The success is based on a simple formula: in the "bad years," companies effectively pay themselves claims for the small, high-frequency losses up to a cap, while additional reinsurance covers catastrophic claims. But in the "good years" of few claims, those companies can reinvest the tax exempt dollars from underwriting profits and investment income—dollars that are ordinarily lost to their commercial carriers.
Vickers says the traditional insurance model offers a "negative incentive", in which greater value flows from higher claims, while the captive model offers the positive incentive to be safer.
"Owning their own insurance company forces businesses to take a more active role in their risk management practices, as they directly benefit financially from improved policies and procedures," he says.
A key value-add that CapSure bring to the model is its deep experience in big data and data analytics; a field which is set to transform virtually all of insurance.
After deep research, and given the regulatory scrutiny focused on offshore jurisdictions, Vickers and NMS Inc.'s highly experienced managing partners, Shawn Neece and Brian Seifert, chose the state of Delaware as the optimal jurisdiction for new captives.
"Delaware is business-friendly and approachable, and has been very accommodating to us, in terms of enabling legislation and service," he says. "We were also aware that offshore jurisdictions get a lot of scrutiny. You also need experience, and we were fortunate enough to do a lot of accounting work for various captive managers over a period of years.
CapSure records show that, in a typical case—assuming a 4 percent pretax rate on RoI, and an average claims loss of 5 percent of premium—a company that would otherwise pay $778,000 in premiums to a commercial insurer generated $263,000 in additional Retained Earnings utilizing a captive, with the same premium. And this grows to $292,000 by year five of the captive, at which point Retained Earnings (with no dividends) rise to a total of $1,434,000.
Vickers says his primary challenge is neither regulatory nor competitive, but rather one of perception and education.
"Some people still don't realize that captives are fully licensed and regulated insurance companies," he says. "And the problem with captives is that it is a bit of a broad term, so that the negatives of those abuses on the fringe can impact the image of a very sound model.
He says CapSure uses multiple independent vendors for actuarial and audit reporting.
Vickers says new, fully compliant captives can be up and running in as little as 90 days.
Shawn Neece, CPA, CGMA is a Director and Board Member of CapSure LLC. In addition, he is the founding member of NMS Inc. (formerly Neece & Malec) in January of 1996, where he is currently the managing director and works in development of the firms national practices, including alternative risk management structures, international taxation, and tax issues related to real estate industries (including preservation tax credits). Prior to starting NMS, he was a treasurer of a middle market company and a banker. Shawn has a Bachelor of Business administration from Cleveland State University and a Master of Science in Accountancy from Kent State University.
Brian Seifert, CPA, is a Director and Board Member of CapSure LLC and is also currently an Executive Director at NMS, Inc. In 1995 Brian formed his own accounting firm and merged his practice to form NMS, Inc. in 2010. He is actively involved in marketing and business development efforts for NMS accounting, wealth management and insurance businesses. Brian specializes in risk management, international taxation and long and short term tax planning. He has advised over 20 mergers and acquisitions for both public and private companies. Brian has a Bachelor of Business Administration from John Carroll University.
Warren Vickers is Managing Director of CapSure LLC. He has over a decade of experience in the financial services and risk management industries helping private companies maximize profit and improve their operational efficiency using data-driven analytics. Warren leads the executive team in planning the long-term strategy and business development efforts to drive revenue growth. He oversees the financial operations of the company and is responsible for monitoring and implementing the performance measures that support the company's strategic direction. Warren has a Bachelor's degree in Economics from Cleveland State University.


: Get to the end of war. Everyone do not want the war to begin. But if it begun, Just try to end it with diplomacy., Category: Arcade Action Games الحرب القاتلة العاب اكشن و مغامرات . Created: 2008-06-24 11:06:43 , Updated: 2008-12-24 09:22:47 , Brought to you by: Samar Games ***** Please, Wait for downloading the game - File size is 1.64 MB - Takes 2.7 Minutes .


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Legal Case of the Week: Yury Kuly
posted 22 May 2017, 08:35 by Rights in Russia [ updated 22 May 2017, 08:38 ]
On 18 May 2017, Yury Kuly, an actor who had been detained at an anti-corruption rally in Moscow on 26 March 2017, was sent to prison for eight months. As The Moscow Times reports, Yury Kuly "is the first demonstrator to face the court after the protest, which saw more than 1,000 people detained by police in Moscow alone." The demonstration, which had been called by anti-corruption campaigner and opposition politician Aleksei Navalny, had not been given official permission. Kuly was charged with assaulting a member of Russia's National Guard, an offence for which the prosecutors had asked for a two-year prison term. According to the The Moscow Times, Kuly had pleaded guilty to the charges in the hope of receiving a suspended sentence. The lawyer representing Yury Kuly, Aleksei Lipster, is reported by The Moscow Times as saying that Kuly maintains he "had grabbed the officer's hand in a bid to protect an elderly man from the riot police."
Earlier, the news webiste Mediazona reported that one of two witnesses who had given testimony in court against Yury Kuly was Aleksei Petrunko, an activist with a pro-Kremlin radical group, "who is suspected for attacking oppositionist leader Alexei Navalny with a brilliant green dye solution."
Three other defendants have been charged with attacking law enforcement officers during the anti-corruption protest in Moscow on 26 March 26.
Photo: OVD-Info
'Anti-Corruption Protester Jailed for 8 Months After Navalny's Moscow Rally,' The Moscow Times, 18 May 2017
'Man suspected of attacking Navalny testified against detainee in "March 26" case,' Mediazona, 12 May 2017


I think this pretty little cat is a Eudocima sp. However, which one?
Is this related to the fruit piercer moth?
If I'm right about the Genus, then yes, it is a fruit piercer.
Hi Aaron, there are many species of fruit-piercing moth, mostly in Noctuidae.
Not 100% sure, but probably Eudocima phalonia (=Othreis fullonia); maybe a third instar :thinking: ??
Thanks Roger. I am slightly disappointed, as I already have a pic, shown here a few months ago of the final instar. It looked different, with additional markings, hence the question. You also answered another question I had, with the synonym.
Just wondering how is the mouth part of this fruit-piercing moth looks like, I used to catch them at night with touch light when I'm young during manggo season, (they attack my manggo plant / fruit), you know the young manggo fruit as hard as stone... They actually pierce unripe mangoes? That's incredible!:what: They must haf strong mouthparts or a sharp appendage.
the haustellum (proboscis / tongue) is barbed in many of the fruit piercing species and is used like a saw to break through tough skin.
there are three or four known colour forms in the larval stages of this species and several congeners. One should really rear through to the adult for confirmation.