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Vermont Initiatives
Justice Reinvestment in Vermont
Vermont Publications
Justice Reinvestment will help identify ways to leverage and elevate Vermont's use of data.
Richard Sears
State Senator, Vermont
In partnership with Vermont state leaders, the CSG Justice Center is working on key criminal justice initiatives to increase public safety, including Justice Reinvestment.
COVID-19 Assistance for the Justice Community
The latest COVID-19 developments and resources for governments officials.
Justice Reinvestment is a data-driven approach to improve public safety, reduce corrections…
50-State Report on Public Safety
In summer 2019, the CSG Justice Center embarked on a Justice Reinvestment approach in Vermont to help state leaders identify and address the most pressing criminal justice system challenges.
Between 2007 and 2008, Vermont first used a data-driven Justice Reinvestment approach to address the state's rising prison population, reduce corrections spending, and reinvest savings in strategies to improve public safety. As a result of this effort, Vermont passed Justice Reinvestment legislation in 2008, which improved screening and assessment for behavioral health treatment needs, increased access to community-based substance addiction treatment programs, focused supervision resources on people most likely to reoffend, and expanded transitional housing opportunities and job training programs.
Between 2009 and 2013, the state reinvested $6.3 million in transitional housing, electronic monitoring, and substance addiction treatment in prisons and in the community. Vermont's incarcerated population fell 16 percent between FY2008 and FY2018, from 2,053 to 1,724.
Despite these successes, however, there are a number of key issues that the state continues to grapple with. The state's pretrial population increased 30 percent between 2008 and 2018, and prison facilities are operating 138 percent above their design capacity. Between 2007 and 2017, all categories of violent crime increased 33 percent, representing a modest growth in the volume of these crimes but a noticeable trend across the state. Although 80 percent of the total population under state correctional control is on probation or parole, the state is currently unable to identify certain key data, including how many people on probation are revoked to jail or prison, what types of violations people are revoked for, and their length of stay when they return. Finally, the state's drug overdose death rate increased 115 percent—from 10.8 deaths per 100,000 residents to 23.2 deaths—between 2007 and 2017, which indicates a need for behavioral health treatment and other social supports, including medication assisted treatment for people in the criminal justice system.
To build on prior efforts and address these current challenges, state leaders again embarked on a Justice Reinvestment approach in the summer of 2019 with intensive technical assistance from The Council of State Governments (CSG) Justice Center and support from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the U.S. Department of Justice's Bureau of Justice Assistance. On July 12, 2019, Governor Phil Scott issued an executive order creating the Justice Reinvestment II Working Group, which includes representatives from all three branches of state government as well as criminal justice stakeholders. In the coming months, the working group will analyze findings and develop policy options for the legislature's consideration in 2020.
Justice Reinvestment (since 2019)
Justice Reinvestment in Vermont: First Presentation (August 26, 2019): The first presentation to the Vermont Justice Reinvestment II Working Group introduces the Justice Reinvestment process and examines criminal justice and behavioral health trends and challenges in Vermont.
Justice Reinvestment in Vermont: Second Presentation (October 15, 2019): The second presentation to the Vermont Justice Reinvestment II Working Group focuses on Vermont's adult criminal justice system design and programs, including front-end community-based alternatives to incarceration, reentry programming and services, and supervision statuses and structures.
Justice Reinvestment in Vermont: Third Presentation (November 15, 2019): The third presentation to the Vermont Justice Reinvestment II Working Group focuses on crime and sentencing trends to help Vermont better understand the front-end system dynamics of who is coming into the criminal justice system and where their case dispositions lead them.
Justice Reinvestment in Vermont: Fourth Presentation (December 16, 2019): The fourth presentation to the Vermont Justice Reinvestment II Working Group focuses on analysis of DOC data, including prison and supervision population trends, as well as assessments of community supervision and behavioral health interventions.
Justice Reinvestment in Vermont: Final Presentation (January 22, 2020): The fifth and final presentation to Vermont's Justice Reinvestment II Working Group provides an overview of the project's key findings and recommendations.
Justice Reinvestment Archive Publications (2008–2012)
Increasing Public Safety and Generating Savings: Options for Vermont Policymakers (January 7, 2008)
Justice Reinvestment State Brief: Vermont (September 15, 2008)
Vermont State Corrections Population Trends (April 15, 2012)
Vermont to Reinvest Criminal Justice Savings in Domestic Violence Programming
Vermont will reinvest nearly $700,000 in community-based programs to reduce recidivism with…
States Taking Action: Flipping the Script on Parole
Justice Reinvestment legislation recently passed in Vermont is the latest example of…
Explainer: The Significance of Vermont's Justice Reinvestment Legislation
Vermont Governor Phil Scott recently signed a bipartisan criminal justice bill designed…
Survey Shows Reentry Services Halting Across U.S.
Many reentry operations reported concerns about keeping their doors open, reporting cash-flow…
Vermont Launches Data-Driven Review of State's Criminal Justice System
Second Chance Month Q&A: U.S. Senator Patrick Leahy
"The vast majority of people in our criminal justice system will one…
Communities Celebrate Successful Reentry During Second Chance Month
Policymakers, corrections officials, practitioners, and other leaders plan to commemorate Second Chance…
Vermont's Statewide Recidivism Reduction Strategy: Highlights and Progress
Following four principles of corrections system improvement—organizational development, use of risk and…
Laying the Groundwork
Justice Reinvestment in Vermont: Final Presentation
Justice Reinvestment in Vermont: Fourth Presentation
Justice Reinvestment in Vermont: Third Presentation
Justice Reinvestment in Vermont: Second Presentation
Justice Reinvestment in Vermont: Overview
Justice Reinvestment in Vermont: First Presentation
Confined and Costly
Four Ways New Criminal Justice Bill Impacts Wyoming
The Wyoming state legislature recently passed a bill that will strengthen behavioral health treatment and programming for people…
Missouri Gov. Parson Visits Women on Community Supervision
In January, Missouri Gov. Mike Parson visited the Fulton Community Supervision Center, which was transformed last year into…
The Wyoming state legislature recently passed a bill that will strengthen behavioral health treatment and programming for people in the criminal justice system with evidence-based practices and robust quality assurance measures.
In January, Missouri Gov. Mike Parson visited the Fulton Community Supervision Center, which was transformed last year into a female-only facility that provides gender-responsive and trauma-informed approaches to better serve women under community supervision.
Congress Expresses Bipartisan Support for Key Justice Programs
Bipartisan support for three key criminal justice programs shows Congressional commitment to increasing public safety and reducing recidivism.
Vermont Governor Phil Scott recently signed a bipartisan criminal justice bill designed to reduce recidivism and dissect racial disparities in the state's prisons.
Justice Reinvestment legislation recently passed in Vermont is the latest example of a state turning pessimistic parole into "presumptive parole."


When the big game is on, there's no better place to be than at Camden Cocktail Lounge. Just take a glance at our events calendar and you'll see that we have the football games on our TVs four nights a week during football season. Yes, you can catch the college football games here on Saturdays, and Sundays, Mondays, and Thursdays are devoted to the NFL. Plus, with our flat screen TVs and luxurious seating, we know how to do game days right.
But there's one other advantage that makes game days at Camden unique: Our bottle service.
When you make a reservation for bottle service at Camden, you're setting yourself up for a memorable game day experience. Not only will you and your party enjoy your own private seating area, but the bottles of your choosing will be brought to your table. They'll come with plenty of mixers, so you and your party can create your own drinks to your preferences and tastes.
When you're watching the big game with bottle service, you'll always have a delicious drink in your hand. There will be no trips to the bar, so you won't have to worry about missing that game-changing touchdown. You and your party will get to see all of the action, and you'll be treated like Camden VIPs. Your own server will be on hand to replenish your bottles and mixers as needed, as well as to take your food orders and make sure that you're having a great time.
For that big game when everything's on the line, get a group of your football fans together, make a bottle service reservation, and support your team in style.
A reservation for bottle service means that you and your party will be our VIP guests for the night. Your entrance to Camden is covered with your bottle service reservation, and you'll be brought right in and escorted to a private area that is designated just for your party. You'll have great views of the venue and the TVs, of course, and can enjoy the game in our luxurious atmosphere without worrying about missing any of the action during trips to the bar.
When you make a bottle service reservation, you can choose from some of the best and most popular liquors available. Our vodkas include 50 Bleu, Grey Goose, and Stoli Elite. If tequila is more to your taste, you can choose from Casamigo, Don Julio 1942, or Avion 44. Prefer scotch? Our Johnnie Walker Black and Glenlivet 12y both make excellent choices. And when it comes to bourbon and whiskey, our Ambros Banana Whiskey, Makers Mark, and Harmony are sure to satisfy.
Your bottles will arrive at your table with plenty of mixers, so you can create your own drinks throughout the game. Maybe you make your favorite classic drinks, or maybe you decide to let your creativity run wild and mix up something special just for the occasion.
You'll enjoy waitstaff just for your party, and we'll make sure that you're having an unforgettable time during the entire game.
Bottle service can make the day of the big game extra special for your party, but there are other reasons to head to Camden during football season. We're celebrating football season in a big way by unrolling a special football menu full of all of your game day favorites with a unique twist.
Get an order of our Mini Philly Cheesesteak Heroes (yes, they're made Philly style with Cheese Wiz!), or opt for our Mini Sirloin Sliders complete with smoked cheddar, caramelized onions, and wild arugula. These small plate items are perfect for sharing with your whole party.
But on Saturdays and Sundays, the action starts early, and we knew we needed some appetizing early morning options. Starting at 9 am, we offer a whole host of breakfast-themed game day delights. You'll -love our Biscuit Slider, a delicious pairing of sausage, egg, and smoked cheddar on a biscuit. It's served with crispy potatoes, too. Other favorites off this special menu include our Southwest Breakfast Tacos, or for a lighter option, try our Egg White Tacos. Need something a little sweeter? Our Bread Pudding French Toast will give you the energy you need to keep up with all of the action.
With our special menu and bottle service, plus plenty of TVs for great views, it's a no-brainer: It's time to make Camden your go-to spot this football season.


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Why a child may be born with glaucoma, according to experts
By Tessy Igomu
A baby born with glaucoma
Tessy Igomu
A Consultant Ophthalmologist and glaucoma specialist at the Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Prof. Bola Adekoya, says high maternal age can cause congenital glaucoma in a newborn.
She said though studies have not attributed high maternal age to be 100 percent responsible for congenital glaucoma, it has been highlighted to be a possible risk factor.
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, the health of which is vital for good vision. This damage is often caused by an abnormally high pressure in the eye.
Childhood glaucoma — also referred to as congenital glaucoma, paediatric, or infantile glaucoma — occurs in babies and young children.
It is usually diagnosed within the first year of life. This is a rare condition that may be inherited, caused by incorrect development of the eye's drainage system before birth.
A study published in the United States by the National Centre for Biotechnology Information and titled, Association between maternal age and birth defects of unknown etiology: United States, 1997-2007, states that birth defects affect three percent of babies born, and are one of the leading causes of infant mortality.
"Both younger and older maternal age may pose increased risks for certain birth defects," study lead, Simerpal K Gill, says of the research, which assessed the relationship between maternal age at the estimated delivery date and the risk for birth defects.
The authors also note that low birth weight, non-Hispanic black maternal race/ethnicity , maternal history of seizure, maternal antihypertensive drugs use, and maternal sexually transmitted infection are some of the causes of congenital glaucoma.
Also, American Academy of Ophthalmology states that 90 percent of congenital glaucoma cases occur sporadically, and that only 10 percent of cases have an increased frequency in the family.
According to online portal WebMD, congenital glaucoma is a type of glaucoma, a group of diseases in which high fluid pressure in your eye damages the optic nerve. It affects children between birth and three years.
"'Congenital' means it's present at birth, WebMD states.
Speaking with PUNCH Healthwise, Adekoya said congenital glaucoma is a potentially blinding ocular disease of childhood in which high fluid pressure in the eye damages the optic nerve.
She noted that it affects children between birth and three years, and that it is hard to predict which baby will be born with the condition.
The glaucoma specialist said parents with a family history of the disease are also more likely to pass it on to their children.
"Most times, when something is wrong at birth, it is genetic. However, we sometimes don't know what these genetic problems are to be able to identify and have them addressed.
"It can also be possible that there is no family history; it could just occur spontaneously," Adekoya said.
The World Health Organisation described glaucoma as the second leading cause of visual loss and blindness in the world, followed by cataract.
The WHO estimates that 105 million people are glaucoma suspects, and about 13.5 million people over age 40 have Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, which constitutes 60 per cent of the total burden of the disease.
"Globally, six million people (26.6 percent) have Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma; 300,000 children (1.3 percent of global child population) have congenital glaucoma; and 2.7 million individuals (12.1 percent of global population) are affected with secondary glaucoma.
"Globally, approximately 70 percent of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma cases belong in developing countries," the WHO stated.
The consultant ophthalmologist said in order to avoid such birth defects, young women in advanced countries, who are not ready to have children, usually opt to have their eggs frozen.
"They usually have their eggs harvested and frozen in their early 20s or 30s. By the time they are ready for childbearing, the eggs are still in their best state," she added.
Congenital glaucoma
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Explain dual application prophecy and the relation to typology. God does not function in the linear and is not limited to prophecy being specific to one application. There are examples of dual applications of prophecy, such as the abomination that causes desolation.
Caller: Pastor Doug, I've head you talk about dual prophecy before?
Caller: I was wondering what is your understanding of dual prophecy? How does that relate to typology?
Pastor Doug: Well I don't know that there's an immediate connection. Let me explain them separately for the sake of being clear.
Dual prophecy means that because God is not linear in the way He does things, the Lord can speak, and one prophecy of the Lord can have different applications in other words, Jesus, when He foretold the signs of the second coming, He covered several phases of history with one answer.
For instance, He said, '...When you see the abomination of desolation spoken of by Daniel the Prophet [this is Matthew 24] stand in the Holy Place, let those that be in Judea flea into the hills.' Well, that happened back in the time of the Apostles in 70 AD. The Roman power that was going to desolate the temple, they withdrew temporarily before they destroyed Jerusalem. The Christians that were in the city fled into the hills. But there's also a future application if you read Daniel chapter 12 about the abomination of desolation, speaking of when God's people are hedged in once again with religious laws. And there are a number of examples. Let me give you another one. In, I believe it's 1 Chronicles 17, when Nathan the Prophet comes to King David and David says he wants to build the temple for the Lord. Nathan says you're not supposed to build the temple David, but your son who will come after you, he will build me a temple he'll build me a house.
Well David's son Solomon did build a literal house. But Jesus, the Son of David, said destroy this house made with hands and I'll make one without hands. So it applied both to Solomon, but it even more so to Christ there's a dual application there. And you can find literally hundreds of examples where there are multi-dimensions to these prophecies of God. The Word of God is deep and living and we cannot make it flat and single-dimensional.
Caller: Well my understanding is that dual prophecy can have multiple fulfillments that are detached from each other.
Pastor Doug: As long as they don't contradict one another that's true, because God's word is consistent.
Caller: Whereas typology, like the destruction of Jerusalem is like a type of the abomination of desolation at the end of time.
Caller: So is there a difference between the two?
So the experience of God saving the Israelites is an example of how He saves all people from the slavery of sin. And what happened to those who rejected the truth is a symbol for what happens to us. What happened to Sodom and Gomorrah, Peter says, is an example it's a type of what happens to the wicked in the end destroyed by fire. So, yeah that's typology. You just use the precedent that God lays down and you're safe, okay?
Pastor Doug: Okay good question!


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Candy crush game free for pc setup. Candy Crush Saga for Windows PC Free Download
Candy Crush Saga For PC | Download Windows Game [Free].
Google Play. Windows Windows. Most Popular. New Releases. Desktop Enhancements. Networking Software. Software Coupons. Candy Crush Saga Free. Join Tiffi and Mr. Toffee in their epic adventure through a world full of candy. Candy Crush Soda Saga Free. Start playing this tasty match 3 game today. It's Sodalicious. Get unlimited lives, 3 stars, unlimited boosters, and beat every single level.
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You Can directly install whatsapp on your windows 8,8. View all posts by stitelapto. You are commenting using your WordPress. You are commenting using your Twitter account. You are commenting using your Facebook account. Notify me of new comments via email. Notify me of new posts via email.
The game is very addictive and satisfying to play. If you are a fan of puzzles and candy, this game is perfect for you. The levels start out easy and get more difficult as you go. Was developed Candy Crush Saga unblocked by King. Is a match three puzzle Candy Crush Saga install game.
The objective of software product is to clear board of all the candy. To do so, the player must move different colored candies across the board to create a match of three or more candies. If this is done, candies are removed from board, which can result in chain reactions.
Graphics of software product are pretty straightforward and simple. Is a basic match-3 puzzle game. All the pieces are brightly colored. Graphics in game are very detailed pleasing to eye. The colors are very vibrant and different challenges and levels change the colors and objects you see. Graphics are very well done never get old even after playing software product for a long time. Is a puzzle video game Candy Crush Saga download PC free with a goal to connect at least three of the same items to crush them.
Player must match three or more of the same block, the blocks will burst. Faster player matches three or more blocks, the more points they will get. There are different levels and sections in Candy Crush Saga play online software product.
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Candy crush game free for pc setup –
Toggle navigation PC Apps. Table of Contents:. Candy Crush Saga Download 4. How to download and install Candy Crush Saga on Windows If there is no native version, proceed to step 3. Install the Amazon Appstore from the Microsoft Store here ».
Selecting "Get" will begin the installation of the App and will automatically install Windows Subsystem for Android too. After installation, the Amazon Appstore and the Windows Subsystem for Android Settings app will appear in the Start menu and your apps list. Open the Amazon Appstore and login with your Amazon account. Open the app page by clicking the app icon.
Click "Install". Top Pcmac Reviews. I want to start off by saying that this is a great way to pass a little bit of spare time. The countless updates over the years have added so many challenging levels that its one of those games that you can always return to which is exactly what I have done. I played Candy Crush a long time ago about the time when it first came out and I enjoyed the game a lot. As I do with every phone game I get bored of them and either dont play for a while or just delete the game entirely.
The one thing that is driving me crazy are the pop ups between levels. I do not remember their being so many. There are so many of them that it takes almost as much time to click claim or ok on all of them as it takes to clear some levels. I just want to play my level then get on to the next one. Having to click sweet and ok 7 or 8 times on occasion is just infuriating imo. But thats just my opinion. Do you want to collect more sugar or are you already in a candy coma?
Laws concerning the use of this software vary from country to country. We do not encourage or condone the use of this program if it is in violation of these laws. In Softonic we scan all the files hosted on our platform to assess and avoid any potential harm for your device. Our team performs checks each time a new file is uploaded and periodically reviews files to confirm or update their status. This comprehensive process allows us to set a status for any downloadable file as follows:. We have scanned the file and URLs associated with this software program in more than 50 of the world's leading antivirus services; no possible threat has been detected.
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You have to swap the position of several elements on the board in order to line-up horizontally or vertically three o more identical blocks. That's when they disappear and their space is occupied by others, with new items appearing on the panel. Candy Crush Saga for iPad, iPhone is also developed by King and available for download at the App Store, you can consult and install this application through the following link: Compatible with iPad, iPhone.
You are in the correct place then. Most of the apps available on Google play store or iOS Appstore are made exclusively for mobile platforms. But do you know you can still use any of your favorite Android or iOS apps on your laptop even if the official version for PC platform not available? Yes, they do exits a few simple tricks you can use to install Android apps on Windows machine and use them as you use on Android smartphones.
It has got really good rating points and reviews. But Android emulators allow us to use all these apps on PC as well. So even if the official version of Candy Crush Saga for PC not available, you can still use it with the help of Emulators. Bluestacks is one of the coolest and widely used Emulator to run Android applications on your Windows PC. Bluestacks software is even available for Mac OS as well. Now you can just double click on the Game icon in bluestacks and start using Candy Crush Saga Game on your laptop.
You can use the Game the same way you use it on your Android or iOS smartphones. However, using the standard method to Install any android applications is recommended. Yet another popular Android emulator which is gaining a lot of attention in recent times is MEmu play.
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We will be glad to help you out! Sponsored Links. Game Details Version 1. App preview [ see all 15 screenshots ]. After successful installation, open Bluestacks emulator. Step 3 : It may take some time to load the Bluestacks app initially.
– Candy crush game free for pc setup
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Immediate reactions are determined using two methods – either by simple skin prick tests or through actual blood testing.
A skin prick test (SPT) is a basic procedure used to determine the risk of reactions to food or air allergens. Performed at a clinic, during an SPT a tiny amount of allergen is introduced into the skin. A small prick is made through a drop of an allergen solution, where the resultant amount of swelling at the insertion point indicates allergy potential.
A blood test, on the other hand, tests for the allergy antibody directly. If you have an allergy, your immune system overreacts to an allergen by producing antibodies called immunoglobulin E. These antibodies travel to cells that release chemicals, causing an allergic reaction. The ImmunoCAP blood test looks for the amount of IgE antibodies to a specific allergen.
While neither of these tests definitively indicate an allergic reaction, they do reflect sensitisation, which is a person's potential for allergies. A definitive allergy diagnosis requires a doctor who has experience in interpreting these tests.
All of these procedures are used to determine the triggers for various allergic reactions. Repeat testing is encouraged for people with a history of allergies, as they can determine the safe reintroduction of previously avoided foods.
With so many medical options available nowadays, is there a place for self-diagnosis and self-testing?


J'ai mis aussi un Doublet filigrané d'or pour ne pas laisser voir la peau.
The current (as of 4.3) normal raid set for hunters - or 'how the Dragonstalker set was supposed to be like if only someone didn't trip of that purple paint bucket'.
The two-piece set bonus on this is amazing. Get it even if you need Raid Finder gear to do so. It changes everything. You'll have a lot more focus for doing everything.
The four-piece set bonus is less amazing, but still quite good. The ICD appears to be around 100 seconds with a 40% proc rate. Testing it with a normal Survival rotation gives roughly a 12% uptime. Tests on http://femaledwarf.com hunter DPS simulator show roughly a 200DPS gain dropping the ilvl 397 Valor chestpiece for the ilvl 384 Raid Finder chestpiece to get the four-piece bonus. Not much, but worth doing.
Beast Mastery hunters will love the four-piece, as Arcane Shot is their only focus dump, and it boosts the pet's DPS a lot, too.
Markmanship hunters will have the most interesting time with this. They'll need to track this and hard-cast Aimed Shot whenever it's up, but make sure they use lots of Arcane Shot when the hidden cooldown is done. The haste will probably benefit them the most, since a large portion of their damage is from Aimed Shot, which has a cast time. The required double Steady Shot will go a lot faster, too.
Some addon like Power Auras should be used to track this proc and its ICD for Marksmanship, as it affects your rotation.
I will also add that for PVP you probably want to keep 2T13, even with the associated loss of Resilience and even if you have to use lower-ilvl pieces to do it. It is HUGE.
The PVP shoulders are probably the best piece to replace if crit is your most valuable secondary stat; shoulders and gloves have the fewest stats of the five pieces, and replacing shoulders would be resilience to crit while gloves are resilience to haste. The helm is also a good choice (resilience to crit), while the chest is a crit loss and the legs are resilience to mastery.
edit: derp, forgot the PVP glove bonus, not huge but probably worth keeping. Shoulders and helm is the way to go I think.


en:Original note in RO: "This is the transitive form of the develops from relation. "x" develops from "y" if and only if either (a) "x" directly develops from "y" or (b) there exists some "z" such that "x" directly develops from "z" and "z" develops from "y""
Original note in RO: "This is the transitive form of the develops from relation. "x" develops from "y" if and only if either (a) "x" directly develops from "y" or (b) there exists some "z" such that "x" directly develops from "z" and "z" develops from "y""


The rise in road deaths in the second quarter of this year has raised fears spending cuts are starting to impact on safety.
Department for Transport provisional figures for the Spring showed that there were 500 deaths in reported road accidents in April-June.
This was 7% up on the same time last year and came at a time when there was 1% less traffic on the roads.
Six month figures, including the winter period, showed a 6% rise to 940 deaths on British roads.
Andrew Howard, the AA's head of road safety, said: "The rise in deaths in the first quarter of 2011 was, at least, understandable, as the awful weather in January-March 2010 kept people off the roads.
"But the rise in the second quarter of this year is of much greater concern.


Here you will find only products that we kitties tried and really REALLY like it... There is a lot of research involved prior to meowmy purchasing the item, then we use it for quite some time, and only then, she will review it and post it here if she thinks it is worth it. So, if a product makes the cut, you can trust it is very likely your kitty will enjoy it!


text:
Q: Jackson: is it possible to replace the serializer set with @JsonSerialize annotation (e.g. with ObjectMapper)? Quick question: is it possible to override @JsonSerialize annotation (using attribute) with ObjectMapper?
I'm have spring-security-oauth2 integrated and I want to customize the way OAuth2Exception is serialized to JSON format. The problem is that this class uses
@JsonSerialize(using = OAuth2ExceptionJackson2Serializer.class)

I tried registering custom serializer with:
SimpleModule module = new SimpleModule()
module.addSerializer(OAuth2Exception, new JsonSerializer<OAuth2Exception>() {
    @Override
    void serialize(OAuth2Exception value, JsonGenerator jgen, SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
        jgen.writeString('{"test":"test"}')
    }
})

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper()
objectMapper.registerModule(module)

but it didn't work - the serializer set with @JsonSerialize is used instead of the custom one.
Is there any other way to replace the serializer set with @JsonSerialize?
PS: the sample code is written in groovy

A: For such case Jackson has a mechanism called mix-in annotations.
You can create a class that overrides initial annotations.
@JsonSerialize(using=MySerializer.class)
public static abstract class OAuth2ExceptionMixIn {

}

Then register it in the object mapper:
objectMapper.addMixIn(OAuth2Exception.class, OAuth2ExceptionMixIn.class);

And that's it. Now Jackson should use your MySerializer instead of the initial  OAuth2ExceptionJackson2Serializer
.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Gina Aniano and Ruth Byrnes took advantage of a new undergraduate program and were rewarded with invitations to serve in the Peace Corps.
Two fellowships helped linguistics major Catherine Witt master Arabic, which she will use as she continues her studies in Lebanon. Her goal is to work in refugee camps.
Identical twins Michelle and Stephanie Celeste share almost everything, including new titles as doctors of nursing practice. Although the women had UA Commencement guests and media seeing double, it's second nature to them now. With UANews video.
Although Commencement keynote speaker Ray Mabus drew heavily from his military background, he told the Class of 2018 that "quiet acts of heroism" are practiced daily by the likes of teachers, nurses and neighbors. With UANews 360 video.
The keynote address at Friday's Commencement will be delivered by Ray Mabus, former secretary of the Navy, governor of Mississippi and U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia. UA alumni Gilbert G. Aguirre (Class of 1957) and Mohammed Sharaf (Class of 1985) will receive honorary degrees.
Two honorary doctorates will be granted during Commencement, to Southern California rancher Gilbert "Gil" Aguirre and United Arab Emirates businessman Mohammed Sharaf.
Four more graduating students talk about their experiences at the UA, from their funniest stories to their favorite professors and campus hangouts, in our second installment.
Three graduating students talk about their experiences at the University of Arizona, from their funniest stories to their favorite professors and campus hangouts.
The former governor of Mississippi also served as secretary of the Navy in the Obama administration, establishing aggressive energy goals for the Navy and Marine Corps.


NAF B.L.K is formulated for the nutritional support of the blood, liver and kidneys.
At times of extreme challenge, the liver and kidneys can show signs of stress, which is often reflected in poor blood profiles. By targeting these organs with specific herbal support we can improve the horse's diet and allow these organs to help themselves. BLK also includes scientifically verified, naturally sourced antioxidants to flush out the build up of free radicals within the system.
Maintenance = 15 - 30g per day = 1 - 2 scoops.
Vitamin and mineral, pre-mix, Dried brewers yeast, Silybum marianum, Taraxacum officinale, Cynara scolymus, Multiple source anti-oxidants.


Discover the eleo experience and rediscover the beauty of your hair!
Exquisitely rich, yet beautifully light, and luxuriously fragrant, eleo Soft Touch Oil is a deeply nourishing finishing oil. Infused with precious natural Argan, Rose and Burdock Oils and Vitamin F. It instantly restores and refines hair from root to tip, sealing split ends for a divinely soft, smooth finish.
For all hair types. Ideal for normal to fine hair.
* Consumer test using eleo shampoo, conditioner, mask and soft touch oil in combination.
Squeeze 2-3 drops of eleo Soft Touch Oil into the palm of your hand.
Rub hands together to warm and disperse the product.
Distribute through the hair evenly from root to tip by running the hands over and through the hair.
Infused with precious natural Argan, Rose and Burdock Oils and Vitamin F.
Penetrates the hair shaft to strengthen and revitalise from the inside out and smoothes the cuticle to create a natural barrier, which helps protect against damage.
Helps to replenish the surface of the hair and deeply nourishes to enhance its suppleness and manaegeability.
Nourishes and softens for smooth, shiny hair and helps regulate sebum production for a healthy scalp.
Helps to condition and strengthen the hair from the inside.
زيت إليو لتنعيم الشعر is rated 4.3 out of 5 by 8.


text:
Harold Kincaid
Harold Kincaid is Professor in the School of Economics and Director of the Research Unit in Behavioural Economics and Neuroeconomics at the University of Cape Town. He is the coeditor of Distributed Cognition and the Will: Individual Volition and Social Context and What Is Addiction? (both published by the MIT Press).
Defining Mental Disorder
Jerome Wakefield and His Critics
By Harold Kincaid, Peter Zachar, Dominic Murphy, Justin Garson, Philip Gerrans, Rachel Cooper, Steeves Demazeux, Leen De Vreese, Maël Lemoine, Tim Thornton, Andreas De Block, Jonathan Sholl, Jerome Wakefield
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.One of the most pressing theoretical problems of psychiatry is the definition of mental disorder. Jerome Wakefield's proposal that mental disorder is "harmful dysfunction" has been both influential and widely debated; philosophers...
Distributed Cognition and the Will
Individual Volition and Social Context
Edited By Don Ross, David Spurrett, Harold Kincaid, G. Lynn Stephens
Recent scientific findings about human decision making would seem to threaten the traditional concept of the individual conscious will. The will is threatened from "below" by the discovery that our apparently spontaneous actions are actually controlled and initiated from below the level of our conscious awareness, and from "above" by the recognition that we adapt our...
What Is Addiction?
Edited By Don Ross, Harold Kincaid, David Spurrett, Peter Collins
The image of the addict in popular culture combines victimhood and moral failure; we sympathize with addicts in films and novels because of their suffering and their hard-won knowledge. And yet actual scientific knowledge about addiction tends to undermine this cultural construct. In What Is Addiction?, leading addiction researchers from neuroscience, psychology, genetics, philosophy, economics,...
Classifying Psychopathology
Mental Kinds and Natural Kinds
Edited By Harold Kincaid, Jacqueline A. Sullivan
In this volume, leading philosophers of psychiatry examine psychiatric classification systems, including the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), asking whether current systems are sufficient for effective diagnosis, treatment, and research. Doing so, they take up the question of whether mental disorders are natural kinds, grounded in something in the outside world....


It was a "Netflix and chill" moment gone bad.
A 20-year-old man from Baton Rouge allegedly attacked his girlfriend with a medieval sword while high on 8 hits of acid before resisting arrest.
Troy Seals was booked Saturday on aggravated second-degree battery of a domestic partner in addition to the battery of a police officer, according to The Advocate.
It seemingly began with a "Netflix and chill" gone, well, really bad. Seals's girlfriend told police that they were watching Netflix while smoking weed on Saturday afternoon. At some point, Seals allegedly decided to escalate the activities by consuming 8 hits of acid, an affidavit says. Not long after ingesting LSD, the woman claimed Seals began "being anti-Semitic and making white supremacy remarks."
Soon, it got physical. Seals allegedly began punching his girlfriend in the face. According to the affidavit, Seals then allegedly attacked her with a medieval sword. The girlfriend suffered contusions on her limbs and a fractured forearm. According to WBRZ, there was blood on the sword and around the home.
As police tried to arrest Seals, he allegedly injured an officer's finger. Seals "actively fought arrest," deputies stated. At the time of his arrest, Seals allegedly yelled that he is God. In addition, police say he yelled, "Bright lights!"
When asked why he attacked his girlfriend, Seals allegedly told police, "I was trying to hit her in the head," according to WBRZ.
It's unclear if Seals has a lawyer at this point.


Setting up a Direct Debit to pay your invoices on a monthly or intermittent basis (e.g. for custom website development) takes away the hassle of having to remember to do it and, more importantly saves you precious time which is no doubt better spent elsewhere.
It benefits both parties when it comes to keeping costs down as well – it's all automated so we don't need to pass on the costs associated with someone having to manually monitor and update the accounts system.


I was going to post something here yesterday, but I had to teach and then I hung out with John Banas. I went there around 6 pm, so I figured I'd be back in time to do other stuff, including translating and posting stuff here. But I didn't leave until after 1 am, and since he lives two counties away from me, I didn't get home until after 2 in the morning.
But at least we got to talk about writing. He likes to write thrillers, I like to write non-thrillers. Right now I think I have a good enough idea to not want to discuss the details, even with him. Because, as "they" (whoever "they" is) say, if you talk about it, sometimes you won't write about it.
Whenever I see advice about learning kanji, I think about the book Remembering the Kanji. When I was living in Japan, it seemed like everyone who wanted to learn how to read Japanese had that book. I bought it, too, but I didn't finish reading it. I wonder how many people nowadays have that book, or if it's as popular as it used to be. It seems like a book that people buy, but don't finish.
Well, even though radio opportunities are shrinking due to consolidation and syndication, I miraculously got a production gig with a locally produced show. Even though I'm in the third largest market in one of the wealthiest and largest nations on earth, locally produced shows are very rare. Seriously--do an online search for media companies, and you'll see that very few companies own the media, which means very few opportunities to work in it.
Which means that I've achieved the impossible.
I've been reading stuff about Pancho Villa, and wanted to know more about Don Luis Terrazas, who was a very rich landowner in Mexico during Villa's time. The English info I found online seemed to talk about his wealthy and powerful life, but not his origins, and I really wanted to know why he was so rich. So I gave in, and did a search in Spanish and found something that will help get me started: Breve Historia de la Ganadería en Chihuahua.
I've never watched an entire episode of House, but I have caught parts of it, and I thought the main character was American. But he's British! In fact, I already knew who he was (Hugh Laurie), but I didn't make the connection: he was on the British show Jeeves and Wooster, which is actually too annoying to watch too often.
Here's a video of Hugh Laurie auditioning for House--you can sort of detect a slight British accent in the beginning, but when he's in character, he sounds like an American, and believe me, I'm American, so I should know what an American accent should sound like. Also, here and in the show, he behaves like an American. So it's not just the accent, but his manner. Bottom line: he's convincing!
I'm almost done with Fighting for Air, and it is really good. If you work in the media, if you want to work in the media, or if you care about the media, I highly recommend this book.
One of the things I've learned about is VNR's, which are video news releases. Basically, they are created by PR agencies, businesses, governments, and anyone else who wants their story to be covered by TV news organizations. They're sent to media companies and are either broadcast in their entirety as a "news" story, or they are edited down, or interspersed with a local reporter's voice and even image, as if they're "interviewing" someone from the story. The book has a lot more to say about VNR's, and so do plenty of websites.
I think I saw a VNR tonight: I was watching the news and saw a health story with dramatic music that seemed to have a slick production quality, and even though the local health reporter's voice was in the story, it still seemed too smooth, especially because they were saying that a particular pharmaceutical drug was helpful for the ailment.
The more Japanese I read and translate, the less katakana I seem to know. I think it's also because more katakana words have entered the language because of globalization.
I was recently confounded by the word マチ (machi). It didn't originate from English, because it was describing the bottom of a bag. So I did a search, and found out that it means gusset, which is "a usually diamond-shaped or triangular insert in a seam...to provide expansion or reinforcement."
I also found some websites of companies that sell bags with gussets. What's lame is that I'd never heard of a "gusset" before. It sounded like an old word, and I was right about that, since it comes from Middle English (16th century). I'd also never heard anyone use the word "gusset", and I'm sure if I were to ask people if they knew what it was, I'd get different responses.
Now that I know the meaning, I still don't know what language "machi" comes from.
I just saw A Steady Rain, which is going to be in Chicago until late April. It's not the most uplifting story in the world, but it's good, and very Chicago. If you're around the area, I highly recommend it.
The two actors (there are only two) are excellent, and I was lucky to meet them after the show. They are so intense on stage, I thought they'd be almost devoid of personality off the stage (since some actors are good at disappearing into their characters to "escape" the blandness and insecurity of their own) or at least be too wiped out and drained to speak to anyone. But they were actually cool and friendly, and they told me to tell my friends about it.
If I was involved with a radio show, I'd try to get them on the air, but since I have no such outlet, I might as well mention the play here.
It's at the Royal George theater, which is easy to get to and is a really nice space. I want to go there again.


text:
myOKSTATE
Information About Appointments
Scheduling an Appointment
Employee Assistance Psychologist
Student Health Insurance Plan
Laboratory and Radiology Services
Nutrition Video Conferencing
Treatment Nurse
UHS Pharmacy
Immunization Compliance Policy
International Student Health Clearance
Rabies Pre-exposure Vaccinations
Certificate or Exemption
Health History/Immunization
Medical Release
International Travel Assessment
Education & Policy
ADHD Protocol
Opioid Prescribing
Academic Partnership
Hours & Contact Info
Need to manage your prescriptions?
Please call (405) 744-7665 for more information on any of the following services.
Immunization Clinic
Insurance Office
Outpatient Medical Clinic
UHS provides services for those students who require allergy injections. We also provide allergy testing referrals and immunizations for common diseases. The Allergy Clinic is available by appointment only.
University Health Services offers all immunizations needed by OSU students. Measles, Tetanus, Hepatitis A & B, Meningitis and Chicken Pox. TB skin testing is provided and we also provide vaccinations needed for overseas travel.
Immunizations and TB skin tests are provided Monday through Wednesday and Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. and from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.
The insurance office provides information and assistance for students enrolled in the OSU Student Health Insurance Plan. This office can also help students with claim filing for medical services received at the OSU University Health Services.
University Health Services has a full service laboratory and radiology department. This department will perform lab tests and X-ray services upon request of a physician. A consulting radiologist interprets all X-rays. Hours of operation for this department are the same as the general clinic.
University Health Services provides services for most outpatient care needs. Our clinic is available on a walk-in or an appointment basis. We have physicians, physician associates, licensed nurses and other health professionals to assist students with their health needs.
By Appointment Only: UHS provides 1st, 2nd and 3rd class flight physicals for commercial and private pilots.
UHS is pleased to assist our students, faculty and staff with international travel immunizations. It's important to understand that certain immunizations can take several weeks to reach optimum effectiveness and some are given in a series. If you will be traveling abroad and in need of immunizations, please let us know as soon as possible, so that we can prepare your immunization schedule.
University Health Services has registered pharmacists on staff to fill prescriptions and assist patients with questions they may have regarding their prescription and its interaction with other medication. The Pharmacy can fill prescriptions written by physicians at the health center or from a private physician as the formulary will allow. We can assist in transferring a prescription from your home pharmacy to OSU. All students, faculty and staff are eligible for full access to the pharmacy.
The Women's Clinic is provided for the female population of Oklahoma State University. The clinic offers information and treatment for a wide range of gynecologic problems including annual pap testing and contraception services. The Women's Clinic is staffed by the physicians, physician associates and nurses of University Health Services.
The Women's Clinic is available by appointment only. The hours of service are Monday through Friday 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.
Center for Health Sciences
Extension & Engagement
OSU Athletics
America's Healthiest Campus ®
Ethics Point
© - Oklahoma State University | All Rights Reserved


Overall very nice angulation, with excellent bone and substance for size. Straight front with good lay of shoulder. Has adequate depth of forechest but could do with a little more width of chest. Front feet turned slightly out. Overall in very nice condition but not overly happy about being here today.
* Odin is Clear by Parentage for these diseases but his DNA was also tested again via Orivet.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Pre-trained continuous word representations have become
basic building blocks of many Natural Language Processing (NLP) and
Machine Learning applications.
These pre-trained representations provide distributional information
about words,
that typically improve the generalization of models learned on limited amount of data~\cite{collobert2011natural}.
This information is typically derived from statistics
gathered from large unlabeled corpus of text data~\cite{deerwester1990indexing}.
A critical aspect of their training is thus to capture efficiently as much
statistical information as possible from rich and vast sources of data.

A standard approach for learning word representations is
to train log-bilinear models based on either the
skip-gram or the continuous bag-of-words (cbow) architectures, as
implemented in \emph{word2vec}~\cite{mikolov2013efficient} and \emph{fastText}~\cite{bojanowski2017enriching}\footnote{\url{https://fasttext.cc/}}.
In the skip-gram model, nearby words are predicted given a source word, while in the cbow model,
the source word is predicted according to its context.
These architectures and their implementation
have been optimized to produce high quality word
representations able to transfer to many tasks,
while maintaining a sufficiently high training speed to scale to massive amount of data.

Recently, word2vec representations have been widely used
in NLP pipelines to improve their performance.
Their impressive capability at transfering to new problems
suggests that they are capturing important statistics about the
training corpora~\cite{baroni2010distributional}.
As can be expected, the more data a model is trained on, the better the representations
are at transferring to other NLP problems.
Training such models on massive data sources, like Common Crawl, can be cumbersome and
many NLP practitioners prefer to use publicly available pre-trained word
vectors over training the models by themselves.
In this work, we provide new pre-trained word vectors that show consistent improvement
over the currently available ones, making them potentially very useful to a wide community
of researchers.

We show that several modifications of the standard word2vec training pipeline
significantly improves the quality of the resulting word vectors.
We focus mainly on known modifications and data
pre-processing strategies that are rarely used together:
the position dependent features introduced by~\newcite{mnih2013learning},
the phrase representations used in~\newcite{mikolov2013distributed} and the use of subword information~\cite{bojanowski2017enriching}.

We measure their quality on standard benchmarks: syntactic, semantic and phrase-based
analogies~\cite{mikolov2013distributed},
rare words dataset~\cite{luong2013}, and as features in a question answering pipeline
on Squad question answering dataset~\cite{rajpurkar2016squad,chen2017reading}.

\section{Model Description}

In this section, we briefly describe the cbow model as it was used in word2vec,
and then explain several known improvements to learn richer word representations.

\subsection{Standard cbow model}
\label{lab:cbow}

The cbow model as used in \newcite{mikolov2013efficient} learns word representations
by predicting a word according to its context.
The context is defined as a symmetric window containing all the surrounding words.
More precisely, given a sequence of $T$ words $w_1,\dots,w_T$, the objective of
the cbow model is to maximize the log-likelihood of the probability of
the words given their surrounding, i.e.:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:logp}
  \sum_{t=1}^T \log~p\left(w_t~|~C_t\right),
\end{eqnarray}
where $C_t$ is the context of the $t$-th word, e.g., the
words $w_{t-c},\dots w_{t-1}, w_{t+1},\dots, w_{t+c}$ for a context window of size $2c$.
For now on, we assume that we have access to a scoring function between a word $w$ and its context $C$, denoted by $s(w, C)$. This scoring function
will be later parametrized by the word vectors, or representations.
A natural candidate for the conditional
probability in Eq.~\ref{eq:logp} is a softmax function over the scores of a context
and words in the vocabulary.
This choice is however impractical for large vocabulary.
An alternative is
to replace this probability by independent binary classifiers over words.
The correct word is learned in contrast with a set of sampled negative candidates.
More precisely, the conditional probability of a word $w$
given its context $C$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:logp}) is replaced by the following quantity:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:prob}
  \log \left(1+ e^{-s(w,C)}\right) + \sum_{n\in N_C} \log\left(1+e^{s(n,C)}\right),
\end{eqnarray}
where $N_C$ is a set of negative examples sampled from the vocabulary.
The objective function maximized by the cbow model is obtained by replacing the
log probability in Eq.~(\ref{eq:logp}) by the quantity defined in Eq.~(\ref{eq:prob}), i.e.:
\begin{eqnarray*}\label{eq:cbow}
\sum_{t=1}^T \left[ \log \left(1+ e^{-s(w_t,C_t)}\right) + \sum_{n\in N_{C_t}} \log\left(1+e^{s(n,C_t)}\right)\right].
\end{eqnarray*}
A natural parametrization for this model is to represent each word $w$ by a vector $v_w$.
Similarly,
a context is represented by the average of word vectors $u_{w'}$ of each word $w'$ in its window.
The scoring function is simply the dot product between these two quantities, i.e.,
\begin{eqnarray}
s(w,C) = \frac{1}{|C|} \sum_{w'\in C} u_{w'}^Tv_w.
\end{eqnarray}
Note that different parametrizations are used for the words in a context and the predicted word.

\paragraph{Word subsampling.}
The word frequency distribution in a standard text corpus follows a Zipf distribution, which implies that most of the words belongs to small subset of the entire vocabulary~\cite{li1992random}.
Considering all the occurences of words equally would lead to overfit the parameters of the model on the representation of the most frequent words, while underfitting on the rest.
A common strategy introduced in \newcite{mikolov2013efficient} is to subsample frequent words,
with the following probability $p_{disc}$ of discarding a word:
\begin{eqnarray}
  p_{disc}(w) = 1 - \sqrt{t / f_w}
\end{eqnarray}
where $f_w$ is  the frequency of the word $w$, and $t>0$ is a parameter.

\subsection{Position-dependent Weighting}
\label{lab:pdw}

The context vector described above is simply the average of the word vectors contained in it.
This representation is oblivious to the position of each word.
Explicitly encoding a representation for both a word and its position would be impractical and prone to overfitting.
A simple yet effective solution introduced in the context of word representation by~\newcite{mnih2013learning} is to learn position representations
and use them to reweight the word vectors.
This position dependent weighting offers a richer context representation at a minimal
computational cost.

Each position $p$ in a context window is associated with a vector $d_p$. The context vector
is then the average of the context words reweighted by their position vectors.
More precisely, denoting by $P$ the set of
relative positions $[-c,\dots,-1,1,\dots,c]$ in the
context window, the context vector $v_{C}$ of the word $w_t$ is:
\begin{eqnarray}
  v_{C} = \sum_{p\in P} d_p \odot u_{t+p},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\odot$ is the pointwise multiplication of vectors.

\subsection{Phrase representations}

The original cbow model is only based on unigrams, which is
insensitive to the word order.
We enrich this model with word n-grams to capture richer information.
Directly incorporating the n-grams in the models is quite challenging as
it clutters the models with uninformative content due to huge increase
of the number of the parameters.
Instead, we follow the approach of~\newcite{mikolov2013distributed}
where n-grams are selected by iteratively applying a mutual information
criterion to bigrams.
Then, in a data pre-processing step we merge the words in a selected n-gram into a single token.

For example, words with high mutual information like "New York"
are merged in a bigram token, "New\_York".
This  pre-processing step is repeated several times to form longer n-gram tokens,
like "New\_York\_City" or "New\_York\_University".
In practice, we repeat this process $5 - 6$ times to build tokens representing longer ngrams.
We used the \emph{word2phrase} tool from the word2vec project\footnote{\url{https://github.com/tmikolov/word2vec}}.
Note that unigrams with high mutual information are merged
only with a probability of $50\%$, thus we still keep significant number of unigram occurrences.
Interstingly, even if the phrase representations are not further used in an application,
they effectively improve the quality of the word vectors, as is shown in the experimental section.

\subsection{Subword information}

Standard word vectors ignore word internal structure that contains
rich information. This information could be useful for computing representations
of rare or mispelled words, as well as for mophologically rich languages like Finnish or Turkish.
A simple yet effective approach is to enrich the word vectors with a bag of
character n-gram vectors that is either derived from the singular value
decomposition of the co-occurence matrix~\cite{schutze1993word} or directly
learned from a large corpus of data~\cite{bojanowski2017enriching}.
In the latter, each word is decomposed into its character n-grams $N$ and each n-gram $n$
is represented by a vector $x_n$. The word vector is then simply the sum of both
representations, i.e.:
\begin{eqnarray}
  v_w + \frac{1}{|N|} \sum_{n\in N} x_n.
\end{eqnarray}
In practice, the set of n-grams $N$ is restricted to the n-grams with $3$ to $6$ characters.
Storing all of these additional vectors is memory demanding.
We use the hashing trick to circumvent this issue~\cite{weinberger2009feature}.

\section{Training Data}

We used several sources of text data that are publicly available and the Gigaword
dataset, as described in Table 1. In particular, we used English Wikipedia from June 2017,
from which we used the meta pages archive which resulted in a text corpus with more than 9 billion words~\footnote{\url{https://dumps.wikimedia.org/enwiki/latest/}}.
Further, we used all news datasets from \url{statmt.org} from years 2007 - 2016, the UMBC corpus~\cite{umbc}, the English Gigaword,
and Common Crawl from May 2017\footnote{\url{https://commoncrawl.org/2017/06}}.

In case of the Common Crawl, we wrote a simple data extractor based on a unigram language model that
retrieves the documents written in English and discards low quality data. The same approach
can be in fact used to extract text data for many other languages from Common Crawl.

We decided to perform no complex data normalization or pre-processing, as we want the resulting
word vectors to be very easily used by a wide community (the text normalization can be done on top of the published word vectors
as a post-processing step). We only used a publicly available $tokenizer.perl$
script from the Moses MT project\footnote{\url{https://github.com/moses-smt}}.
We observed that de-duplicating large text training corpora, especially Common Crawl,
significantly improves the quality of the resulting word vectors.

\begin{table}[!h]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
  \toprule
 Corpus & Size [billion] \\
  \midrule
 Wikipedia meta-pages & 9.2 \\
 Statmt.org News & 4.2 \\
 UMBC News & 3.2 \\
 Gigaword & 3.3 \\
 Common Crawl & 630 \\
  \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Training corpora and their size in billions of words after tokenization and sentence de-duplication.}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\section{Results}

Further we report results for models trained on either the Common Crawl, or on a combination of the Wikipedia, Statmt News, UMBC and Gigaword.
This is comparable to corpora that other models that attempted to improve upon word2vec were trained on, notably the GloVe model from
the Stanford NLP group~\cite{pennington2014glove}. Although a careful analysis performed in~\newcite{levy2015improving} shows that the original
word2vec is faster to train, produces more accurate models and takes significantly less memory than the GloVe algorithm,
the availability of large pre-trained GloVe models proved to be a useful resource for many researchers who do not have time
to train their own model on very large dataset like the Common Crawl.

We used the cbow architecture described in Section~\ref{lab:cbow} with window size 5 for the baseline models
and window size 15 for the models that learn position-dependent weights (described in Section~\ref{lab:pdw}).
We used 10 negative examples for training with the negative sampling
and threshold for subsampling frequent words set to $t = 10^{-5}$.

In Table~\ref{tab:crawl} we report results on the word analogies from~\newcite{mikolov2013efficient} using baseline cbow model trained on Common
Crawl with de-duplicated sentences, with phrases (we used 6 iterations of building the phrases by merging bigrams with high mutual information), and
with the position-dependent weighting as used in~\newcite{mnih2013learning}. The training itself
took three days on a single multi-core machine.

\begin{table}[!h]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{lXXX}
  \toprule
 Model & Sem & Syn & Tot \\
  \midrule
 cbow + uniq & 79 & 73 & 76 \\
 cbow + uniq + phrases & 82 & 78 & 80 \\
 cbow + uniq + phrases + weighting & 87 & 82 & 85 \\
  \bottomrule
 \end{tabularx}
\caption{Accuracies on semantic and syntactic analogy datasets for models trained on Common Crawl (630B words). By performing sentence-level de-duplication, adding position-dependent weighting and phrases, the model quality improves significantly.}
\label{tab:crawl}
\end{center}
\end{table}

In Table~\ref{tab:comparison}, we can see comparison between cbow as implemented in the fastText library~\cite{bojanowski2017enriching} and the GloVe
models trained on comparable corpora. The 87\% accuracy on the word analogy tasks is to our knowledge the best published result so far by a large margin,
and much better than existing GloVe models which were trained on comparable corpora. We improved this result further to 88.5\% accuracy by adding the sub-word features.

We also report very strong performance on the Rare Words dataset~\cite{luong2013},
again outperforming GloVe models by a large margin. Finally, we replaced the GloVe pre-trained vectors with the new fastText vectors in a
question answering system trained on the Squad dataset~\cite{rajpurkar2016squad}. In a setup that is further described in~\newcite{chen2017reading}, we did observe
significant improvement of the accuracy.

\begin{table}[!h]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{lXXX}
  \toprule
 Model & Analogy & RW & Squad \\
  \midrule
 GloVe Wiki + news & 72 & 0.38 & 77.7\% \\
 fastText Wiki + news & \bf{87} & 0.50 & 78.8\% \\
  \midrule
 GloVe Crawl & 75 & 0.52 & 78.9\% \\
 fastText Crawl & 85 & \bf{0.58} & \bf{79.8\%} \\
  \bottomrule
 \end{tabularx}
\caption{Results on Word Analogy, Rare Words and Squad datasets with fastText models trained on various corpora (see Table 1) or Common Crawl (see Table 2), and comparison to GloVe models trained on comparable datasets.}
\label{tab:comparison}
\end{center}
\end{table}

The models trained on the Wikipedia and News corpora, and on the Common Crawl, were published at the \url{fasttext.cc} website
and are available to the NLP researchers. Further, we did experiment with the phrase-based analogy dataset
introduced in~\newcite{mikolov2013distributed}, and achieved 88\% accuracy using the model trained on Crawl, which again
is to our knowledge the new state of the art result. We plan to release the model containing all the phrases in the near future.

\begin{table*}[t!]
  \centering
  \begin{tabular}{lccccccccccc}
    \toprule
    & Corpora & MRPC & MR & CR & SUBJ & MPQA & SST & TREC &~~& Average \\
    \midrule

    GloVe    & Wiki+news   & $71.9/81.0$  & $75.7$ & $78.1$ & $91.5$ & $86.9$ & $78.1$ & $66.6$ && $79.7$\\
    GloVe    & Crawl       & $72.0/80.7$  & $78.0$ & $79.6$ & $91.8$ & $88.0$ & $80.0$ & $84.2$ && $82.0$\\
    \midrule
    fastText & Wiki+news   & $72.9/\textbf{81.6}$  & $77.8$ & $80.3$ & $92.2$ & $\textbf{88.3}$ & $81.1$ & $\textbf{85.0}$ && $82.5$ \\
    fastText & Crawl       & $\textbf{73.4}/\textbf{81.6}$  & $\textbf{78.2}$ & $\textbf{81.1}$ & $\textbf{92.5}$ & $87.8$ & $\textbf{82.0}$ & $84.0$ && $\textbf{82.7}$\\
    \bottomrule
  \end{tabular}
  \caption{Comparison of different pre-trained models on supervised text classification tasks. }
  \label{tab:classif}
\end{table*}

Finally in Table~\ref{tab:classif}, we use a script provided by \newcite{conneau2017supervised} to
measure the influence of different pre-trained word vector models on several text classification tasks (MRPC, MR CR, SUBJ, MPQA, SST and TREC).
We performed the classification using the standard fastText toolkit running in a supervised mode~\cite{joulin2016bag}, using the pre-trained models
to initialize the classifier. Overall, the new fastText word vectors result in superior text classification performance.

\section{Discussion}

In this work, we have focused on providing very high quality set of pre-trained word and phrase vector representations.
Our findings indicate that improvements can be achieved by training well-known algorithms on very large text datasets, and that
using certain tricks can provide further gains in quality. Notably, we have found it very important to de-duplicate sentences
in large corpora such as the Common Crawl before training the models. Next, we have used an algorithm for building the phrases
in a pre-processing step. Finally, adding the position-dependent weights and subword features to the cbow model architecture gave us the final boost
of accuracy. The models described in this paper are freely available to researchers and engineers at the fastText webpage, and we hope
that these will be useful in various projects that use textual data.

\section{Acknowledgements}

We thank Marco Baroni and German Kruszewski for useful discussions and suggestions, Adam Fisch for help with the experiments on Squad
dataset, and Qun Luo for suggesting to use the position-dependent weighting at the word2vec discussion forum.

\section{Bibliographical References}
\label{main:ref}
\bibliographystyle{lrec}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Global packaging specialists Garden Morris Packaging have changed their name to GMPF to reflect a broader product offering. In addition, the South African-based company also has a new website, brand and consumer product range, all designed and implemented by integrated agency Stratitude.
Along with the new name, Stratitude also designed a fresh, clean logo and brand. The old logo was a leaf design and this, together with the name Garden Morris, had an association to gardening, which the company wanted to move away from.
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The next step for the agency was to develop a portal that would capture all the GMPF service and product offerings, whilst also allowing the company to easily showcase their portfolio to the various industries they cater to.
The third element required of Stratitude was to develop a brand for GMPF's direct to consumer product range.
"We've created the Tastefully Yours range of products, which is for the home baker. Our inspiration for the logo was the humble chocolate button that's so delicious you just have to take a bite out of it. This 'bite mark' forms part of the logo, as all the Tastefully Yours products are mouth-watering and simply irresistible," says Carter.
To launch the brand, Stratitude designed the branding for the first Tastefully Yours Factory Shop in Bedfordview.
"I started Garden Morris Packaging in 1997 and so I had a personal connection to the old brand and the name, but I'm thrilled with how Stratitude has tacked the entire project. They captured the essence of what GMPF does, while honouring the history of the name," says Barbara Queally, owner of GMPF.


One of our hottest human rights projects is our work in Guatemala, helping with the huge secret police archive that is being analyzed there. National Public Radio's Morning Edition had a great story on the topic this morning, and Benetech's very own Patrick Ball was quoted talking about this as the largest secret police archive ever made available to the human rights process.
Be sure to check out the transcript of the piece.


If you have an aging concrete floor in a commercial facility of any kind, you may think that your options are limited when it comes to upgrading the look of your industrial flooring. Thanks to commercial building concrete floor coating materials from companies like Minnesota's own Concrete Coating Systems (CCS), you can quickly improve the look of your concrete floor with little downtime, thanks to our high quality industrial floor coatings.
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I wanted to see if there was a way to review the Review Quiz button or ability to print after the user submits their responses.
I am looking at using the questions as part of a graded assignment and do not want students to have any ability to print off any responses or review to see what they have missed (to allow for them to pass the information / answers to other students).
choose Result Slide in the list of questions and choose options that will be available to the users on the result slide.
Thanks for the response..... I did not even look down at the Result slide area, so I did not realize that I had several more options to choose form. Perfect!


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Home / Europe / Spain / Barcelona / Ibiza to Barcelona Ferry
If you have any issues with booking online, please call customer services on (+44) 3333 000 128
Ibiza - Barcelona is one of our busiest routes - sailings regularly sell out at busy periods
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Ibiza to Barcelona Ferry Alternatives
Ibiza to Denia
Ibiza to Valencia
For more information, please visit our Ferries from Ibiza to Spain page.
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Ship guides, videos & reviews
The Ibiza Barcelona ferry route connects Ibiza with Spain and is currently operated by 4 ferry companies. Balearia operate their crossing up to 6 times per week, Trasmediterranea 5 times per week, Grandi Navi Veloci 4 times per week & the Trasmed GLE service is available up to 6 times per week.
There are a combined 21 sailings available per week on the Ibiza Barcelona crossing between Ibiza and Spain and with 4 ferry companies on offer it is advisable to compare all to make sure you get the best fare at the time that you want to travel.
Ibiza - Barcelona Ferry Operators
6 Sailings Weekly 8 hr 59 min
6 Sailings Weekly 8 hr
Ibiza Barcelona Average Prices
Prices shown represent the average one way price paid by our customers. The most common booking on the Ibiza Barcelona route is a car and 2 passengers.
Ibiza Barcelona Ferry reviews
"Ferry worth it!"
I chose to sail with Baleria from Ibiza to Barcelona. The ship was very well maintained. Staff was friendly and helpful. The cafeteria was amazing. The chef prepared a wonderful Vegetarian meal for me! The best I have had in Spain! I am glad I chose Bakeria!
'Dipti B' travelled Ibiza Barcelona with Balearia on Bahama Mama
"Ibiza Barcelona ferry "
Great crossing, not a big ferry but very comfortable and clean. Enjoyed the deck area with the artificial grass! We travelled with a dog and it's great that you can have access to them throughout the crossing. Very friendly and helpful staff. Would recommend.
'Rosalyn' travelled Ibiza Barcelona with Trasmediterranea on Ciudad de Mahón
"Nothing to say"
Punctual, clean, comfortable, these are the qualities to describe the ferry from Barcellona to Ibiza. I booked the reserved seat, was really comfortable, I recommend it.
'Daniele' travelled Ibiza Barcelona with Balearia
"Fly versus float"
We were going to fly from Ibiza to Barcelona, however, we decided to save a 500 euros and take the ferry. Turned out to be a great decision. Although it took longer than a flight would have it was a great experience and was a lot of fun. I would choose the same method again.
'Lucas' travelled Ibiza Barcelona with Balearia on Martin i Soler
"Outward journey zurbaran, Return by Sorolla "
The cabins are unfortunately sometimes extremely dirty. Dirt in the showers, especially on the Sorolla, a lot of dirt in the bed boxes. Coffee is served in paper cups unfortunately only. very positive for me as severely disabled is the helpfulness of the staff on the car deck.
'Hans Peter' travelled Ibiza Barcelona with Trasmediterranea on Ciudad de Mahón
"almost every 4 weeks I'm going on this ship between ibiza and barcelona "
my last two trips took place during stormy weather, there are on the ship during the journey no cleaning service and puke was everywhere until arrival in port.
"ready for the scrap heap "
The Mediterranean storm has brought to vomit almost everything is one thing, the condition of the ship what else, The seats were totally filthy, the foam looked out and at the smallest part movement the chair always fell forward. The wallpaper on the walls hung partially down, the windows were so dirty that man has hardly get seen - no matter in which direction, whether the eating, drinking was ok I can not judge because I could see the place not leave / wanted No vomit-bags at the sitting because I could not get up by the seasickness I was glad that I was not seen, my neighbor was promoted unfriendly outside and the friendliness generally read lot to be desired, after my return I had 2 Different viruses (gastrointestinal, Bonchitis ) and was sick 5 days. So I'll definitely put on these "cutter" no foot, can'm sorry leave me no good feedback, will be back with Balearia drive from where they should copy what in terms of the above-mentioned points
'Manfred' travelled Ibiza Barcelona with Trasmediterranea on Ciudad de Mahón
Ibiza Guide
The Spanish island of Ibiza is located in the Mediterranean Sea and is one of the Balearic Islands. It lies around 80 km off the coast of Valencia on the east coast of the Spanish mainland. Ibiza's main population centres are Ibiza Town, Sant Antoni de Portmany and Santa Eularia des Riu. The island's port can be found in Ibiza Town which is also a popular tourist destination in its own right. There are many beautiful things to see and do in Ibiza Town including Renaissance walled buildings, the Curia's house, Santa Domingo's church, the landlord's house, the Castle, the Modern Art Museum of Ibiza and the Necropolis Punica del Puig des Molins. So rich is the town's history it has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
As a result of its many nightclubs and bars, the island has gained a reputation for its summer club scene, with many people visiting the island just to experience its nightlife. However, visitors to Ibiza should expect more than just nightclubs. In addition to Ibiza Town, large parts of the island have also been declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites which provides protection to these beautiful and important parts of the island from future development.
Ferries operate from Ibiza Town to Barcelona, Majorca, Dénia, Palma, Valencia and Formentera.
Barcelona Guide
The Spanish city of Barcelona lies on the Mediterranean Sea coast, between the mouths of the River Llobregat and River Besos and is also bordered to the west by the Serra Collserola mountain range. The city is the capital of the autonomous region of Catalonia and is the second largest city in Spain, after Madrid. The city's origins date back to when it was founded as a Roman city and then in the Middle Ages it became the capital of the County of Barcelona. Today, the city is a very popular tourist destination and cultural centre and is particularly well known for the architectural works of Antoni Gaudi and Lluis Domenech i Montaner, which have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
There are many things to do and see in Barcelona including the National Museum of Art of Catalonia which contains a collection of Romanesque art while the Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art has a collection on post 1945 Catalan and Spanish art. Also in the city the Fundació Joan Miró, Picasso Museum and Fundació Antoni Tàpies hold important collections of these world famous artists, as well as Can Framis Museum, which focuses on post 1960 Catalan Art owned by Fundació Vila Casas.
From the city's port, whose piers are located close to the city centre, ferries depart to Mallorca, Ibiza and Morocco (Tangier Med).
Location: Barcelona, Ibiza to Barcelona Ferry