I am currently using Honeywell thermostats that are 35 years old. The round ones with the mercury bulb in them. they have three terminals R W Y. The R and W go to the R and W on the Caleffi ZVR 104 Relay zone valve control. The W was never used.
I am wanting or thinking about going to the Honeywell RTH111 Series non-Programmable thermostat. That thermostat takes two AAA batteries. Or it can be wired for 24 Volts. I would like to wire it for 24 volts, but no where in the directions that came with a RTH111 thermostat that I bought 3 years for my air conditioner says how to wire in 24 volts.
I am guessing that if I connect my R and W to the R and W in the RTH111 and put batteries in the thermostat everything would be operational.
I have wired in a separate 24 volt transformer for another use. I am wondering if I can take the 24 volts from that transformer and power up the RTH111 thermostats, if so, how do I do that? If I can do that would the 24 volts damage the Caleffi ZVR104 Relay?
Why do you want to replace the old Honeywells? Those things are bulletproof and do at least as good a job of holding temperature steady as any of the new ones do.
And then you could PM me and we could see if you could package up the old Honeywells and send them to me. I wouldn't mind having them at all!
I think you are stuck with the batteries.
Jamie, I had a round Honeywell on my air conditioner just like the ones for the boiler. The air conditioner was not working properly so I changed to the RTH111 Honeywell and fixed the problem.
Right now on my largest zone the thermostat is set to 70 degrees , the panel is still sending heat to the zone when the thermostat is reading 72* and the boiler water temperature is reading 160* or so. I was thinking it was a thermostat problem. That panel switches one of the zone valves open and close before that room reaches the set point. I was thinking that was a thermostat problem also. Maybe Not.
The neighbor had a problem with the same thermostat where the thermostat would not stop the heat when it reached the set point. I took off his thermostat and blew out 40 years of dust and reinstalled it and the problem was fixed. I tried that to this one and the zone still overheats. I am burning wood now so I can just stop feeding the boiler to stop the heat. But when I can get a burner guy out and get the oil boiler fired I won't have that same option.
I have a couple of extra Thermostats, I think I will swap the part that does the switching on and off, and see if the problem goes away. I just thought in time these thermostats just died. On the forum here one of the guys said he had got a no heat call and the problem was a mechanical thermostat, I assumed it was one of these.
Zman, the link you gave is not the exact same instructions that came with the thermostat, but the one I bought for the air conditioner is maybe 3 or 4 years old and things change. I have not looked, but maybe the exact one I bought for the air conditioner is no longer available.
> Why do you want to replace the old Honeywells? Those things are bulletproof and do at least as good a job of holding temperature steady as any of the new ones do.
> And then you could PM me and we could see if you could package up the old Honeywells and send them to me. I wouldn't mind having them at all!
> Jamie, I had a round Honeywell on my air conditioner just like the ones for the boiler. The air conditioner was not working properly so I changed to the RTH111 Honeywell and fixed the problem.
> Right now on my largest zone the thermostat is set to 70 degrees , the panel is still sending heat to the zone when the thermostat is reading 72* and the boiler water temperature is reading 160* or so. I was thinking it was a thermostat problem. That panel switches one of the zone valves open and close before that room reaches the set point. I was thinking that was a thermostat problem also. Maybe Not.
> The neighbor had a problem with the same thermostat where the thermostat would not stop the heat when it reached the set point. I took off his thermostat and blew out 40 years of dust and reinstalled it and the problem was fixed. I tried that to this one and the zone still overheats. I am burning wood now so I can just stop feeding the boiler to stop the heat. But when I can get a burner guy out and get the oil boiler fired I won't have that same option.
> I have a couple of extra Thermostats, I think I will swap the part that does the switching on and off, and see if the problem goes away. I just thought in time these thermostats just died. On the forum here one of the guys said he had got a no heat call and the problem was a mechanical thermostat, I assumed it was one of these.
Dust is about the only natural predator to the T87F.
Is the panel actually powering the zone valve open?
Have you checked the zone valve itself?
What brand and model zone valve?
Its possible the valve is stuck open so the large zone still heats when another zone comes on.
HVACNUT, Today I took apart the two thermostats that the panel light say are still calling for heat and cleaned out all the dust I possibly could. I will see if that helps.
The lights on the panel say they are wanting heat. Or I think that is what the lights mean.
I am not sure what you mean have iI checked the zone valve itself.
The zone valves are new Honeywell V8043 E 1012, three of those and one V8043 E 1020. The 1020 is the large zone and is zone one.
If the large zone is stuck open the lights on the panel are still on also.
a: have you turned the thermostats down -- well below the room temperature -- to see if they actually turn off? If these are the mercury type, there are no contacts to weld, but it is possible that something in the mechanism might have gotten damaged (not that there is much to damage -- a bimetal coil with a mercury bulb attached is about as simple as it gets).
b: have you checked that the thermostats are actually level? One of the few weaknesses of the mercury type is that they are very sensitive to being off level.
Jamie, I have turned the thermostat way down and the call for heat stopped.
I have not tried C, but don't think that would be the problem. I can try that tomorrow.
It is possible that the calibration has slipped. Rare, but happens. Take the outer cover right off (leave the 'stat on the wall) and watch the mercury bulb as you turn the temperature dial. It should be flipped to open at high temperature, and then flip over to heat at the room temperature, or near it.
Jamie, I appears the culprit was Mr. dust. After I went in and blew out dust, I went back in and took a tooth brush and cleaned off the wires that are at the end of the mercury bulb gently. All thermostats seem to work fine now. The zone that would open and close several times before reaching set point did not have a lot of dust. But by cleaning off the wires at the end of the mercury bulb the zone would come on line and stay until the set point was reached. On the bottom right of the thermostat there is a copper arrow with a triangle in it. that arrow was moved way to the right. I moved it back so the number 4 was in the triangle like the other thermostats. That may have been part of the problem, don't know. Everything seems to work fine now.
For about the last ten years now I have ran this heating system manually. built a fire when the house was cold and stopped feeding the boiler when a thermometer said the house was 70* or so. It sure is nice having controls that work now. I have two things left to add on One is a high temperature alarm the other is sensors to read boiler supply and return temperature from the upstairs. Thanks for your suggestions and help.
@HVACNUT if you are still clicking on this you convinced me to keep using the old Honeywells, thanks.
Mechanical thermostats are junk, the best a bimetal can do is maybe a 2 degree separation, maybe usually they wander 3-5 degrees, digital thermostats see temperature in 10ths of a degree, 70.0, 70.1, 70.2, etc, they are also learning and work to keep the set point perfect by adjusting the on and off of every cycle, you set a good digital for 70 and it will be and remain 70 and it's more efficient.
I'd rather have something that will run and keep on running and is easy to work on than something which is the latest and greatest -- for a week, until it breaks and something newer and more expensive comes out.


This oversized sweatshirt-blanket is one-size-fits-all and long enough to cover a good portion of your legs. One side features super soft sherpa material, while the other features flannel in either navy or red, but both sides have a handy front pocket in which to store your phone, or just your hands. It will definitely replace all your regular, non-hooded and/or sleeveless throw blankets and hey, maybe even your clothes, too — no judgement.


text:
package nu.dll.lyskom;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Class representing the LysKOM datatype Hollerith. A Hollerith represents a
 * byte vector of arbitrary length containing arbitrary byte values. It is used
 * for all handling of strings in LysKOM.
 */
public class Hollerith extends KomToken implements Serializable {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 8782974097151111491L;

	String charset = Session.defaultServerEncoding;

	/**
	 * Constructs an empty Hollerith
	 */
	public Hollerith() {
		setContents(null);
	}

	public Hollerith(String s) {
		this(s, Session.defaultServerEncoding);
	}

        /**
	 * Creates a new Hollerith using the session server encoding
	 */
        public Hollerith(String string, Session session) {
	        this(string, session.getServerEncoding());
        }

	public Hollerith(byte[] buf, String charset) {
		setCharset(charset);
		setContents(buf);
	}

	/**
	 * Construct a Hollertith by converting the supplied string into bytes
	 * according to the given charset.
	 */
	public Hollerith(String s, String charset) {
		try {
			setCharset(charset);
			setContents(s.getBytes(charset));
		} catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported encoding: "
					+ e.getMessage());
		}
	}

	protected void setCharset(String c) {
		charset = c;
	}

	protected String getCharset() {
		return charset;
	}

	/**
	 * Constructs a Hollerith containing the supplied bytes
	 */
	public Hollerith(byte[] b) {
		setContents(b);
	}

	public String toString() {
		return "HOLLERITH(" + getContents().length + "):\""
				+ new String(getContents()) + "\"";
	}

	/**
	 * Returns this Holleriths contents as a String, translated according to
	 * it's encoding.
	 */
	public String getContentString() {
		try {
			return new String(getContents(), getCharset());
		} catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported encoding: "
					+ e.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Constructs a byte-array representation of this Hollerith suitable for
	 * sending to the server, over the network (into the sea...). <br>
	 * A Hollerith is a prefix being the string length and the characted 'H',
	 * followed by the string data.
	 */
	public byte[] toNetwork() {
		try {
			String prefixString = contents.length + "H";
			byte[] prefixBytes = prefixString.getBytes("us-ascii");
			byte[] contents = getContents();
			byte[] output = new byte[contents.length + prefixBytes.length];

			System.arraycopy(prefixBytes, 0, output, 0, prefixBytes.length);
			System.arraycopy(contents, 0, output, prefixBytes.length,
					contents.length);

			return output;
		} catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported encoding: "
					+ e.getMessage());
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Under Arizona Revised Statutes § 25-318 (A), Arizona divorce judges are directed to "divide the community, joint tenancy and other property held in common equitably . . . ." Over the years, Arizona courts have interpreted this statute to require that "all marital joint property should be divided substantially equally unless sound reason exists to divide the property otherwise." Toth v. Toth, 946 P.2d 900, 903, 190 Ariz. 218 (1997) (citing Hatch v. Hatch, 113 Ariz. 130, 133, 547 P.2d 1044, 1047 (1976)). This article will address the limited circumstances under which an Arizona court may stray from the general rule that jointly held real estate be divided substantially equally.
When a husband and wife acquire jointly titled real estate during their marriage using during-marriage earnings or financing to purchase the real estate, there is virtually no basis for either spouse to argue for an unequal division of such real estate. In this situation, the real estate will, without any foreseeable exception, be divided substantially equally between the husband and the wife.
There are two fairly common scenarios, however, in which one spouse may be able to make a tenable claim that real estate should be divided unequally because an equal division would not be equitable. The first situation is where one spouse brings a piece of real estate into the marriage and subsequently adds his or her spouse's name to the deed. The second situation is where, during the marriage, one spouse uses sole and separate funds to acquire real estate but where title to the real estate is nevertheless taken in both spouses' names.


text:
Browsing the "Reviews" Category
Cool Ghibli stuff
Grave of Fireflies – Studio Ghibli Review
February 5th, 2018 | by Faith
There was a slight bit of nudity in Totoro and that was always a little jarring and distracting. I love
Howl's Moving Castle Gets The Shout | Factory Treatment Review
January 26th, 2018 | by Faith
Fans of Studio Ghibli rejoice. Long only available on home video in limited, or pricey, editions, the animators in partnership with GKIDS
The Kingdom of Dreams and Madness
December 29th, 2017 | by Faith
Director Mami Sunada was given exclusive access to Studio Ghibli for her documentary movie, The Kingdom of Dreams and Madness,
Grave of the Fireflies Review (1998)
November 17th, 2017 | by Faith
Written by: Artur Galvao When a list of the greatest War movies come to mind, people think of "Casablanca", "Apocalypse
Review-The Kingdom of Dreams and Madness
March 9th, 2017 | by Shaine Hill
Review: 'Ronja the Robber's Daughter' brings the magic of Studio Ghibli to Amazon
Like Pixar, Studio Ghibli has a reputation for excellence. But how does the animation house that gave us My Neighbor
When Marnie was there is Studio Ghibli's paradoxical swan song
July 30th, 2015 | by aeiko
When Marnie Was There Director: Hiromasa Yonebayashi 8 p.m. Friday, 5:30 p.m. Saturday, 2 p.m. Sunday, 7:30 p.m. Thursday Oklahoma City
Lupin III: Castle of Cagliostro Analysis / video review
January 12th, 2015 | by aeiko
Now this is something special. A YouTube filmmaker called the "Humble Professor" created this hour-long video analysis of Hayao Miyazaki's
Princess Mononoke review
January 4th, 2015 | by aeiko
I go to the movies for many reasons. Here is one of them. I want to see wondrous sights not
Laputa: Castle in the Sky Review
December 1st, 2014 | by aeiko
Castle in the Sky is a heartwarming bliss-out of a movie, full of spirit and fun, and reminds you of
The Tale of Princess Kaguya review
November 9th, 2014 | by aeiko
Studio Ghibli, the Japanese animation studio founded in 1985, has been one of the most important creative forces in contemporary

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Livestock antibiotics and rising temperatures disrupt soil microbial communities
Canadian ag ministers meet to discuss sector challenges
Weekly global protein digest: US to expand processing capacity, China's sow herd, USDA dairy report
Meat and poultry production to slow despite 2022's robust profits
Health & Disease Processing Markets
Ruminant BioTech develops emissions-reduction bolus
Herd Management Sustainable Practices Equipment and Innovation
French beef production expected to decline in 2023
US expresses serious concern over Mexico's anti-GMO farm policies
European Cheese Market
The EU cheese market is changing, forcing cheese suppliers to rethink their business models and explore new opportunities for growth. The main drivers behind these changes are falling growth rates in the EU, more pressure on margins because of higher revenues in powder and butter products, and volatility in commodity cheese markets.
With the prospect of growth in milk production after the termination of EU milk quotas in 2015, suppliers need to find new ways to deal with the new milk produced. In a mature, competitive and increasingly volatile cheese market, companies have six strategic options for targeting further growth and profitability.
Cheese has traditionally been considered the preferred outlet for milk from the European Union (EU) after local fresh-milk requirements have been satisfied. The EU cheese market is the largest in the world, and despite very high per capita consumption levels, growth has remained attractive and stable.
The high production costs of milk in most of the EU rule out a competitive role in supplying the world's net importing markets with low-priced dairy commodities. Cheese has therefore provided much better export opportunities than any other dairy product, as the willingness to pay for quality European cheese has always been high, and the impact of higher raw-material costs is less problematic. As a consequence, the share of EU milk that is processed into cheese increased from 43 percent to 45 per cent between 2001 and 2010.
However, the cheese market has changed in recent years due to developments in the EU and to global trends. Competition within the EU market is heating up, as the market has become more saturated, the traditionally higher premium for cheese versus other dairy products has eroded, and the commodity segment of the cheese market has become more volatile and unpredictable.
Most of the growth on the global market will be in milk powders and butter oil rather than cheese, as the needs of developing dairy markets are more geared towards these products. As a result, cheese specialists are reconsidering their business models and trying to incorporate new growth areas either in new geographies or in value-adding services.
These developments raise the question of whether cheese should remain the preferred outlet for new milk produced in the EU after 2015, when the termination of the quota system may stimulate growth of milk production in selected regions in western Europe.
EU growth rates falling
The EU cheese market is still growing, albeit at a declining rate. Average annual growth between 2000 and 2005 was 1.8 per cent and dropped to 1.1 per cent between 2005 and 2010. Annual growth in the period between 2011 and 2015 is forecast to be 0.6 per cent.
Per capita consumption growth accounts for 0.4 per cent of annual growth, with the balance the result of population growth. Growth varies between the different EU member states. Growth rates above two per cent are expected in Ireland, Poland and Hungary. Growth rates between one per cent and two per cent are expected in the UK, Sweden, Spain, Greece and most of the new EU member states. Growth rates in large markets like France and Germany are expected to remain close to zero.
Although demand for cheese as an ingredient in ready-made food products is slightly more sensitive to changes in economic sentiment, growth across the different market segments — industrial, catering and retail — is currently stable.
Over the past decade, the main change in EU cheese demand occurred in the use of cheese by households. Retail purchases, in terms of kilogrammes per household, grew in line with overall market growth, but the share of cheese purchases used for cooking — sauces, toppings and meal ingredients — grew strongly at the expense of more traditional uses, such as cheese on a sandwich or as part of a cheese platter. Despite the overall stability of the EU cheese market, in terms of shifts across categories, the EU market remains a collection of different regional markets with different cheese segmentation profiles (see Figure 1).
The UK comes close to the US consumption profile where catering and industrial ingredients account for a relatively large share of consumption compared to retail purchases. Germany also has a sizeable proportion of ingredient use, as it is the preferred location for a number of large European pizza manufacturers. In countries like Italy, Spain, Poland and France, most cheese is still purchased and consumed through the retail channel.
In such a mature market one would expect a strong consolidation trend, but in-market merger and acquisition (M&A) activity in the EU cheese industry has been modest in recent years, and overall brand shares of the leading players have been stable. Private-label shares throughout the EU have remained relatively stable as well, at around 18 per cent on average. The highest private-label shares are found in the cheese categories of Cheddar, Gouda and Emmental. In the specialty cheese categories, private-label shares are very low.
Premium for cheese disappeared
Most EU companies active in cheese have traditionally enjoyed stable and above average returns. Returns for cheese and whey — even in the big commodity cheeses such as Cheddar, Gouda and Emmental — were generally higher than those for skim milk powder (SMP) and butter, meaning that cheese processors could easily pay competitive prices for milk and still generate decent margins.
However, the traditional premium enjoyed by EU cheese makers disappeared after 2007. Demand for milk powders grew faster than for cheese as expanding markets, such as China and Vietnam, rushed to supplement local milk supply with imported products for recombining or ingredient use.
With existing capacity precluding the redirection of sufficient milk to faster-growing product markets, the returns to be made on producing SMP and butter rose faster than those for commodity cheeses such as Gouda or Cheddar, including the whey powder (WP) revenues (see Figure 2). Commodity cheese specialists suddenly found it harder to pay milk prices in line with market trends and still make a profit.
Cheese market used more frequently to offload milk surpluses
After the price support levels of SMP and butter were reduced following the EU dairy market reform of 2002, the period 2002 to 2007 was characterised by multi-product processors exploring other options to offload temporary surpluses of milk. In addition to offering SMP and butter for intervention, they pushed bigger volumes of commodity cheeses into the spot market by undercutting competitors' prices, and sold Cheddar curd from the UK or Gouda curd from western Europe for making processed cheese or Mozzarella.
Under these market circumstances, manufacturers of Gouda, Cheddar and Emmental — which normally operate in different markets — were competing for the same clients in processed cheese and ingredient applications. As a result, the EU cheese market became more susceptible to general imbalances in the global market triggered by supply or demand issues in products other than cheese. Not only are cheese processors now facing increasing difficulties in generating higher returns compared to SMP and butter, but they are also experiencing higher levels of price volatility at the wholesale level.
In hard and semi-hard cheeses, the maturation process adds further complexity and risk to the price volatility in the market. The maturation process takes from a few weeks to over a year for cheeses like Gouda, Edam and Emmental. This creates a time lag that makes a market-driven approach very difficult in these cheese types. Particularly when the cheese has been produced in times of high raw-material prices, but is not sold until a period in which the entire dairy market has turned around and wholesale prices are low, margins come under pressure and can even become negative (see Figure 3).
EU milk beyond 2015: Which products?
Between 2006 and 2008, a wave of cheese- capacity expansions took place in Mozzarella and other big commodity cheeses, with little or no investments in other commodity products. This wave of investments came to a standstill after 2008, partly because the capacity expansion was not yet fully utilised, partly because of the financial crisis, but also because of the general notion that the world market needed more SMP and butter rather than more cheese. Comparative prices therefore started to reflect these relative shortages within the dairy product portfolio.
With the termination of the quota system on the horizon, the preferred destination of new milk becomes an interesting question. In countries such as Ireland, the Netherlands, Denmark and in selected regions in Germany and France, processors can look forward to milk production increases of between 15 percent and 50 per cent, which could largely be achieved between 2015 and 2020. This implies that processors in these regions — and especially the cooperatives — will have to make decisions on capacity expansion sooner rather than later.
The growing global demand for SMP and butter does not imply that the EU should entirely realign its growth ambitions and forget about cheese. Despite the fact that production costs have risen in the more efficient export regions in the world, most of the milk produced in the EU still cannot compete in the commodity areas of the dairy market. However, higher value-added outlets for milk powders, such as the infant milk formula market, where quality is at least as important as price, are now within reach for new EU milk produced after 2015. At the very least, the options can be distributed more evenly across the dairy portfolio.
Strategies for cheese companies
The drivers of change may challenge companies active in the EU cheese sector to revisit traditional business models and develop new strategies. In a mature, competitive and increasingly volatile cheese market, companies basically have six strategic options for targeting further growth and profitability.
Consolidating market positions and increasing efficiency in operations and marketing.
Improving the level of added value in the retail market by developing unique selling points through new traits in the product itself, supported by dedicated marketing and, preferably, brands.
Improving the added value in the retail market by offering secondary processing and logistics services.
Developing ingredient solutions for clients that use processed cheese in ready-made food products such as pizzas, sandwiches, cheese snacks and sauces.
Creating more flexibility in the product portfolio in order to avoid having to ride the highs and lows of the global market.
Targeting growth in markets outside the EU through dedicated export concepts.
Consolidating market positions
Due to the maturity of the EU cheese market, the strategic focus of many leading players is to consolidate current market positions by acquiring add-ons, and then to rationalise these operations and marketing structures. However, consolidation has been modest, and rationalisation has mainly taken place at the factory level rather than between companies, with the exception of Lactalis, which has consolidated its number-one position in branded cheese by acquiring cheese brands in Italy, the UK, Spain and Central and Eastern European countries. The market shares of the leading EU cheese players are largely stable (see Figure 4). Private-label shares have gradually increased in Western Europe, from 20.5 per cent in 2002 to 22.5 per cent in 2009, while staying very low (around two per cent) in the growing Central and Eastern European cheese markets.
Improving value-add potential in retail market
In the last decade, most of the dominant players in the branded EU retail market have focussed their new product development on line extensions and packaging innovations targeted at convenience. Nonetheless, there have been many examples of successful new product launches in recent years.
Products targeted at satisfying snacking demands, such as cheese snacks children can take to school, have been particularly successful. So have cheeses with a link to the regions where they are produced such as products with Protected Geographic Indications (PGI) or Protected Designations of Origin (PDO). Consumers are willing to pay more for regionally produced specialty cheeses when they combine good quality and taste with a strong marketing story. Specialty cheese stores use these cheeses to distinguish their range from the large retailers. However, retailers also open up shelf space for regional concepts.
These concepts may range from the 'Buy British' story developed by Tesco in the UK to the small-scale farmhouse production of Comté by French dairy farmers in the Jura region. Cheeses that have low fat levels without compromising too strongly on flavour were also a success story. The big boom in low- fat cheeses seems to be over, but the high content of saturated fats remains a weakness for conventional cheese.
The ambitions of Danish food regulators to tax cheese in line with other unhealthy consumer products like alcohol and tobacco provides another argument that the high fat levels in cheese make the product vulnerable to these initiatives. There is no reason to expect revolutionary developments in cheese innovation since the EU cheese market already offers a sophisticated and diverse range. As it appears that most options to change the product itself have already been exhausted, most future innovations will target the aspect of convenience by offering flexibility of utilisation in the kitchen or by introducing new formats and packaging to improve portability, thus increasing the number of occasions when cheese can be consumed.
Developing secondary processing and dedicated services for retailers
As the process of cheesemaking — particularly for big commodity cheeses such as Cheddar, Gouda, Edam and Emmental — has become standardised and cost-driven, many companies have developed specialist business models for value creation in the downstream part of the chain. These business models include warehousing and maturation services for retailers and/or primary processors, logistic and packaging services for retail customers and foodservice, and developing private-label concepts and category management roles for retailers.
While these services are sometimes in the hands of primary cheese manufacturers, most often these roles are further developed by companies that started off as traders but adopted value- adding services to escape the low margins in trade. Many manufacturers of the big commodity cheeses have been focussing on scale and cost advantages in recent decades. By doing so, they have lost the flexibility to service individual clients, which has opened up plenty of opportunities for smaller companies. Especially in consolidated retail markets, it pays to set up dedicated cutting and packing lines for single retail clients. The UK and the Netherlands provide many examples of how these dedicated investments represent a strong guarantee for continued business since the mutual dependence is high.
Developing value-adding ingredient solutions for customers in food processing
Cheese used as an ingredient in processed food products was one of the main growth drivers of the EU cheese market in the 1990s. However, many cheese manufacturers have long considered the cheese-ingredient market a secondary market and have failed to recognise the opportunities that were obvious to many ingredient specialists in the general food market. There is great value to be captured in offering tailored solutions to large customers in food processing. This is a different proposition than occasionally shipping big blocks of cheese to ingredient customers during times of oversupply in the cheese market. The growth in this part of the cheese market during the 1990s saw the emergence of smaller ingredient specialists that developed dedicated ingredients solutions for their customers in pizzas, snacks and sauces. Dedicated ingredient solutions include technologies such as extrusion, differentiated melting points, different shapes and cheese powders. This category of ingredient specialists consists largely of relatively small companies that have invested in the intellectual property that gives them a competitive edge in the cheese-ingredient market.
Creating flexibility in the product portfolio
The years 2008 and 2009 proved that when the EU market is in a surplus situation and multi-product processors can use the commodity cheese market to offload milk surpluses, it becomes very difficult for cheese specialists to retain their margins, because their strength comes from processing efficiency and they lack alternative outlets for their milk.
The ability to relieve some of the pressure by exporting milk outside the EU is limited and there is therefore no escape from the trap of competing at ever-lower prices, ultimately destroying everyone's market. Given the high probability that the global market will create similar imbalances in EU supply and demand from time to time, especially after 2015, the only way to escape this situation is to create alternative relief valves. These could include investing in processing capacity for alternative products, using other processors' production capacity for alternative products, setting up joint balancing plants or discouraging production increases at the farm level.
This could be achieved for instance by a differentiated milk price system where price A (usually higher) is paid for the milk required for the processor's core cheese business, while additional volumes are purchased at price B, the result of the value derived from the company's secondary markets. There is no simple solution to the challenge of oversupply. The nature of the dairy market dictates that when there is oversupply in one market it quickly creates oversupply in other dairy markets as well. However, adding flexibility to the options to take the pressure off a processor's core market is the only solution which avoids having to push more cheese into an already saturated market. This is of the utmost importance in cheese, where storability is limited and costs of storage are high.
Developing export business
EU cheese exports are still growing and are still benefitting from a high perceived value of EU cheeses in importing markets. Russia remains crucial for the supply and demand balance of EU cheese (see Figure 5).
For example, in 2010, Russia single-handedly cleared the EU market of Gouda and Gouda-like cheeses and left the EU value chain with very low inventory levels. Most markets in other countries have been relatively stable, although export volumes to the important markets of the US and Saudi Arabia are both on a downward trend.
Russia may be the most important market for the EU in volume terms, but other countries are more important in terms of the average price per kilogramme of exported product (see Figure 6). Export markets for EU cheeses typically fall into several categories depending on what the imported cheese is used for. Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Japan mostly import cheese for further processing, while Russia and Mexico typically import bulk cheeses which are subsequently repackaged for retail and catering customers. The US and Canada generally import specialty cheeses, which are commonly retail-ready.
Competition for market share where cheese is mostly used for further processing revolves mainly around price and is therefore similar to the competition in powders and butter. It is legitimate to ask how much marketing effort in these markets is justifiable given the EU's lack of cost competitiveness in producing milk. Targeting these markets in times of oversupply obviously makes sense, but the objective in these market circumstances is essentially to sell 'packed fats and proteins', rather than marketing cheese.
The share of imports has remained quite stable in most of the export destinations for EU cheese (see Figure 7). The biggest changes have occurred in the Middle East, where Egypt has become a processing and redistribution hub. The country is still an important destination for EU cheese — and also for US cheese. However, a large share is being processed and re-exported to neighbouring countries such as Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates. Egypt now holds total import shares in these countries of 38 per cent, 29 per cent and 17 per cent, respectively.
The EU cheese market going forward
Should cheese be the main outlet of new milk in 2015?
The growth of milk production after the termination of the quota system in 2015 is likely to be the biggest strategic challenge for EU processors in the years to come. Processors will have to decide which opportunity to take and then make decisions about building new capacity. The expected annual growth rate of 0.6 per cent in EU cheese consumption still allows for a capacity increase of about 50,000 tonnes or one large-scale factory every year.
For further growth, however, processors in supply growth regions will have to develop new cheese markets or prioritise other products. After having determined how much new milk can be expected from their suppliers, individual processors will have to decide which products this new milk will be used for based firstly on EU and global market growth opportunities in cheese versus powder and butter, secondly on individual company capabilities in processing efficiency, creating new markets, customer access and marketing, and thirdly on careful consideration of the growth ambitions, and capacity expansions of the competition.
The last issue in particular will be critical for a smooth transition to the non-quota era that starts in 2015. Clearly, a coordinated transition can be more easily achieved in a region in which the industry is consolidated than in a region in which many processors are going it alone.
Is there value in a more dedicated export effort?
Due to the low base level of consumption and the much higher population growth, developing markets provide better opportunities for long-term growth in demand for EU cheese than those of Western Europe.
There is little potential for local cheese production in most of the developing markets since the growing need for milk supply for fresh products usually leaves little room to set up an efficient cheese value chain. Additionally, the high cost of raw milk relative to the cost of transporting cheese makes it difficult to compete against cheese imports coming from more efficient production regions.
Price, quality and sustainability of supply are key success factors in import markets for powder and butter. While these factors are also important for cheese, most cheese import markets additionally demand a dedicated marketing approach which focusses on the specific local consumer preferences, distribution structures and client landscape.
Through a dedicated effort towards local market characteristics, EU cheese manufacturers such as Emmi and Tine have developed interesting markets outside the EU. Several EU specialist cheese traders have developed interesting positions in single countries by taking a widely available Gouda, Cheddar or Emmental cheese and tailoring it to the regional needs in that particular market by developing a brand, distinct packaging and an efficient route to market.
This may require dedicated investments in local distributor networks. Export markets are more often used to offload EU surpluses in commodity cheeses. For example, when addressing the needs of processed cheese makers throughout the world, a matured block of Cheddar, Gouda or Emmental may not be the most cost- competitive format to satisfy the customer's requirement for fats and proteins. Caseins or even filled cheese products are a format more suited to compete in those markets where the price per kilogramme of fat and protein is the main selling point.
EU cheese exports could benefit tremendously from a country-by-country approach. Given the level of saturation in the domestic EU market, the ambitions in terms of new cheese- processing capacity beyond 2015 and the better growth prospects outside the EU, investments in a dedicated export approach seem more than worthwhile.
Exports to Russia will remain crucial for the EU cheese market. Volume growth opportunities will remain because rising Russian incomes are increasing cheese consumption and Russia does not seem capable of boosting its own cheese supply. Value growth opportunities are probably even better, as EU cheese is still largely exported in bulk form, with most of the tailored cutting and packing taking place closer to the consumer.
Exports to markets such as the Middle East, where most of the cheese is further processed, could benefit from alternative cheese concepts that are more price-competitive and still satisfy customers' needs.
The developing cheese markets in Asia and Latin America require a dual approach. Consumption growth is partly taking place in ingredients (i.e. cheese solutions for pizza and burgers) while cheese consumption is also being driven by affluent urban consumers who are adopting westernised cheese- consumption habits. This type of customer requires tailored marketing and distribution services, probably involving investments in local distributors.
Which customer service models will provide sustainable returns?
In an era of growing retail dominance and diminishing opportunities for product differentiation, the importance of the product's quality and flavour is already recognised, so the competitive edge increasingly needs to be created in the servicing models. The shape and form of these models can vary among markets.
In markets where most cheese is consumed in prepacked cuts of unbranded commodity cheese, dedicated investments in packing and cutting tailored to the needs of individual retailers create interesting returns. Combining this with distribution services, maturation/warehousing and just-in-time delivery creates even more value for retail customers.
In markets where specialty cheeses and branded ranges dominate the retail shelves, category management services can provide interesting value to retail clients. In countries such as Germany, the UK and the Netherlands, where the top-four retailers hold 60 per cent or more of the total retail market, it pays to develop dedicated servicing models for single retailers.
The ingredients market requires an even higher level of client focus. Assuming minimum taste and quality levels have been met, the main criteria for success are how the cheese is supplied and how well it is suited for the product applications it is used in.
Can cheese only be profitable inside a multi-product portfolio?
Specialisation is generally considered to be a strength that translates into high processing efficiency, more consistent quality and better client service models. In commodity cheeses, however, these factors are increasingly a given and there are few opportunities to create a competitive edge. Specialisation could even become a threat when ad-hoc multi-product suppliers use specialists' core markets to dispose of milk surpluses triggered by global market drivers.
There is no easy way to avoid situations where single-product processors flood their own core markets in times of oversupply. However, the new volatility of the global dairy market requires companies to develop greater flexibility and versatility in terms of sales opportunities, especially in times of oversupply. Cooperation and joint ventures with complementary partners could be options to avoid extra investments and an inefficient capital base.
The EU cheese market is changing from a comfortable place where all players were able to find stability and steady growth to a market where the remaining growth will only be captured by players that have more to offer than just volume and price. EU cheese specialists need to reconsider their business models and try to incorporate new growth areas, either in new geographies or in value- adding services.
Customers in retail, foodservice and food processing are only willing to guarantee continued business or to pay premiums to suppliers that offer unique services in logistics, cutting and packing or product applications. Value-adding services will be a way for suppliers to mitigate the risks of increasing volatility in the commodity cheese market and the pressure coming from other products generating similar returns to cheese.
For the large commodity cheese manufacturers, the paramount strategic question remains whether to focus on the upstream part of the cheese value chain and continue to improve the efficiency of the cheese-making process or to find ways to develop their involvement with the downstream part of the chain by creating unique selling points or tailored customer services. Their choice will determine whether the downstream part of the chain remains populated by independent smaller specialists or whether they will become consolidated into larger integrated businesses.
The new reality in the global market dictates a balanced approach to any additional milk produced in the EU in the years to come. Extra capacity in cheese can only be justified if it is in line with EU market growth or when access to new export markets is created. Growth opportunities in markets outside the EU are interesting, but a dedicated country-by-country marketing effort will be required to provide a stronger competitive edge against exports from more efficient milk production regions.
Post-production Policy and regulation Feed commodity markets
Weekly global protein digest: world livestock trade, US egg prices, plus China, China, China
Analyst Jim Wyckoff shares an update on the USDA reports and global protein news
Mark your calendar and sign up to watch live session exploring the global mycotoxin threat


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By Jon Grossman
Seven months after the Cleveland Indians announced they would be parting with their name after the 2021 season, they have now revealed their new name: the Cleveland Guardians.
Cleveland announced they would stop using Chief Wahoo as their logo two years ago, and the name change has been inevitable since then.
Recent pressure from corporate sponsors and the NFL's Washington Redskins name change accelerated the process for Cleveland.
Cleveland wanted this long-overdue name change to be done right, so they took their time and interviewed fans and community leaders about what they felt best represented their city.
The three words that the team heard most were pride, resilience, and loyalty. This, along with the "Guardians of Traffic" sculptures on the Hope Memorial Bridge, serve as the foundation for the Guardians' name.
No matter what name Cleveland picked, there were going to be many hurdles to overcome, one of which was branding. The only other team using "Guardians" is the New York Guardians of the XFL, who may not resume play until 2023. Other names such as the "Spiders" and the "Rockers" were considered, but the University of Richmond Spiders and the Colorado Rockies presented issues.
Once Cleveland was ready to move forward with "Guardians," it was full steam ahead.
While there was likely to be pushback from many fans no matter what the name was changed to, the Cleveland organization believes the name change will be a unifying force for its fan base moving forward.
Team owner and chairman Paul Dolan said in a statement, "It brings to life the pride Clevelanders take in our city and the way we fight together for all who choose to be part of the Cleveland baseball family."
If Clevelanders look at the new name with this attitude, it could bring everyone together during a time with so much division.


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Olivier Giroud - Key to Arsenal's aspirations this season?
EPL Index > Arsenal > Olivier Giroud - Key to Arsenal's aspirations this season?
Arsene Wenger has slowly reintegrated his Euro 2016 stars, despite pressure from the fans and that could prove to be a masterstroke in the long run. They have managed to pick up four points from the opening three matches, which isn't bad, but they have already fallen five points off the pacesetters. As a club, Arsenal need to be challenging for the title and their late transfer business has increased optimism around the club. The key to their title hopes may be Olivier Giroud. Many were expecting the club to bring in a top tier striker to replace the Frenchman, with Alexandre Lacazette and Alvaro Morata being linked to the Emirates Stadium. Wenger remained loyal to Giroud and the pressure is now on the striker to finally break the 20-goal barrier in the Premier League for the first time in his career.
Many were expecting the club to bring in a top tier striker to replace the Frenchman, with Alexandre Lacazette and Alvaro Morata being linked to the Emirates Stadium. Wenger remained loyal to Giroud and the pressure is now on the striker to finally break the 20-goal barrier in the Premier League for the first time in his career. He is a much-maligned figure within the media and the Arsenal fanbase, but he remains the best striker at the club and needs to be fully supported.
Since moving to Arsenal, he has scored 57 league goals in 136 appearances. His strike rate is good, finding the back of the net once every 170.5 minutes, which is better than a goal every other game. This isn't as impressive as the best strikers in the league, but he is a reliable source of goals and Arsenal are better with him in the side. His absence has been notable during the first three matches as the Gunners don't have an able deputy. Alexis Sanchez has been leading the line and he lacks the physicality to carry out the role. He is much better on the left wing and Giroud's return will allow him to move back there.
Arsene Wenger prefers a physical striker to lead the line, one that can hold the ball up and bring the array of talented midfielders into the game. Giorud is good in the air, averaging 2.7 successful aerial duels a match last season. This is impressive as Arsenal are a side that normally keep the ball on the floor. He is also effective when it comes to shielding the ball, an area of his game that has developed a lot since he arrived in England.
The signing of Lucas Perez could have a positive influence on Giroud. It takes the goal-scoring burden off the Frenchman, which has weighed heavily over the past few years. Danny Welbeck offered good competition at times, but he has suffered from several injuries since moving to Arsenal. The Spaniard offers a different threat to Giroud and his arrival will prevent Arsenal from being predictable, which they have been in the past. Although Perez does provide competition for Giroud, he isn't a huge name and as such, the 29-year-old will still be first choice at the club. The Frenchman would have feared for his future at the club over the summer, with huge names being linked to the Emirates Stadium. However, Wenger has placed his faith in Giroud and that should boost his confidence ahead of the new season.
The pressure is on Giroud this season and he will be required to score more than 20 goals if Arsenal are to challenge for the title. He is unfairly criticised at times as he has been a consistent goal-scorer for Arsenal since joining and offers a real physical presence that allows the midfield to thrive. He has been missed during the first three matches, but he should be ready to play at the weekend and needs to have a strong start to keep the doubters at bay.
by JakeJackman
Follow @jakejackmann
Categories: Arsenal, Arsenal (NN), EPL Index Featured Article, and EPL Index Opinion.' 'Tags: Alexandre Lacazette, Alvaro Morata, Arsene Wenger, danny welbeck, Lucas Perez, Welbeck, and Wenger.
Permalink: https://eplindex.com/77781/olivier-giroud-key-arsenals-aspirations-season.html
Who should lead the line for Arsenal?
Arsenal have a lot of issues to address this summer as they aim to finally put an end to their wait to regain the Premier League title. It will hurt Arsenal supporters and the current squad that Leicester City and rivals Tottenham are the two sides battling for the championship this season. It was certainly an opportunity missed, with many seeing Arsenal as the favourites for the majority of the campaign, but dropping points in crucial matches has once again …
Is Olivier Giroud to West Ham the perfect move for all parties?
This summer marks five years since Arsenal lost their captain, Robin Van Persie, to title rivals Manchester United for a measly 24 million pounds. The deal was in the pipeline for some time, leading Arsene Wenger to seek attacking alternatives. A month earlier he had turned to Montpellier's top goal scorer during their first ever Ligue 1 winning campaign, Frenchman Olivier Giroud. "He has a very good physical presence and is exceptional in the air, with a great work ethic," …
Can Arsenal Take the Next Step?
Even as a rival fan, I can appreciate the contribution Arsene Wenger has made not only to Arsenal, but to the Premier League as a whole. Some may disagree, but I feel the Frenchman somewhat revolutionised football in this country when he arrived. From diet and preparation, to philosophy and style of play, to simply being a successful foreign coach, despite most people having never heard of him when he was appointed, Wenger made an impact that will stand the …
Would Gonzalo Higuain Make Arsenal Title Contenders?
Arsenal are in the market for a new forward this summer and there have been rumours over the last couple of days that a move for Gonzalo Higuain is on the agenda. The Argentinian would be a huge signing and one that would send shockwaves around the Premier League. Arsene Wenger's side need to have a huge summer to show their rivals that they are still there and that they will be a threat in the coming season. They have …
Olivier Giroud - Should he start for Chelsea ahead of Alvaro Morata?
Olivier Giroud was a surprise signing for Chelsea during the January transfer window. It is rare for a player to go from Arsenal to Stamford Bridge, but the early indications are that it could be a good move for the player. The French international was hardly playing for the Gunners as he lost his place to compatriot Alexandre Lacazette. A move across London may not have appeared to be the best career move, but the current Premier League champions play …


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As with any wireless network out there, the main purpose is the provide access to services (data, voice, etc.) The services network is divided into Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) that provides voice and special telephone related services (look it up on wiki), and the internet, which provides a wide range of packet data services such as email or access to the world wide web. These things are probably all sounding very familiar to you, and they should, because they are critical in maintaining today's society, and almost everyone living in the modern world uses at least one of these services sometimes in their daily lives.
The UMTS mobile, also known as the User Equipment (UE), interfaces with the UTRAN via the UMTS physical layer radio interface. In addition to radio access, the UE provides the subscriber with access to services and profile information. For example, the cell phone you carry in your pocket is the UE (user equipment) that interfaces with the cell phone towers that companies like Verizon, AT&T, and Sprint provide for you.
In UMTS, there are two Core Network (CN) configurations, the Circuit Switched CN (CS-CN) and Packet Switched CN (PS-CN). The CS-CN is based on the GSM Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) and provides functions such as connectivity to the PSTN, circuit telephony services such as voice, and supplementary services such as call forwarding, call waiting, etc. The PS-CN is based on the GSM General Packet Radio System (GPRS) PLMN, which provides access to the Internet and other packet data services.
Both core networks connect to the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network. The UTRAN has two options for its air interface operations. One option is Time Division Duplex (TDD), which makes use of a single 5 MHz carrier for communication between the UE and the UTRAN. The other option is the Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), which provides full duplex operation using 5 MHz of spectrum in each direction to and from the UTRAN. The following articles in the wireless communication systems section focus on the operations and design aspects of the UTRAN in FDD mode.
How do all of these components fit together? Check out the image below.
The UTRAN consists of one or more Radio Network Subsystems (RNS). An RNS consists of one Radio Network Controller (RNC) and several Nodes. The radio network controller and the nodes are two essential components of UTRAN. Apart from these two component types, UTRAN requires Operation Maintenance Centers (OMC) to perform Operation Administration and Maintenance (OA&M) functionality on the nodes and RNCs. Yes, I know the acronyms are getting a little out of hand, but it is essential to learn them if you want to speak the language! Engineers only speak to each other with acronyms and it is very very annoying indeed.
Nodes: Within this network, a node is the radio transmission and reception unit within UTRAN (remember above, I explained that the UE is your cell phone you carry in your pocket). It handles radio transmission and reception for multiple cells within a coverage area. So if you think about the amount of area that a certain cell tower (cell) can transmit its signal with the proper quality of service (QoS), you can get a mental grasp on multiple cells being in one coverage area, say if the towers are close together. The node implements CDMA-Specific functionality such as encoding, interleaving, spreading, scrambling & modulation. The nodes are also what used to be known as the Base Transceiver Subsystems (BTS) in second generation systems.


Are you between the ages of 18-30? Looking for community?
Harbor Trinity is all about building community and fellowship. Our Young Adults ministry is called The GAP (meaning Graduates And Professionals) and it aims to be that space for our young adults to grow in their faith and belong to a community of like-minded peers who encourage one-another in their faith.
Together, we can answer questions on college and career, relationships and relevance, marriage and mortgages. The GAP is intended for everyone within the range of someone who just graduated high school up to someone in their professional career. For more info, contact or YA Coordinator Grant at grant.ripchick@gmail.com.
Every Thursday, we meet upstairs in the HTC Youth Room (Room 207) from 7-9pm. Gates open 6:45pm.
Every first Thursday of the month, we have a SOCIAL day where we will either play board games, watch a DVD or whatever build community and then go eat dinner together at a nearby restaurant. The goal is foster community through fellowship!
Every last Thursday of the month, we have a Q&A day where we set up a forum and/or discussion on relevant topics to our life stage, hosted by some of our leaders. Some topics have included relationships, the church, suffering, etc. Feel free to suggest next months topic!
All Thursdays in between, we hold our normal Young Adults Service where we have worship, a short teaching time and small group discussions.
Bring your friends and join us for fellowship!


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China's diesel exports recover but not enough to reverse global shortage: Kemp
An aerial view shows tugboats helping a crude oil tanker to berth at an oil terminal, off Waidiao Island in Zhoushan, Zhejiang province, China on Jul 18, 2022. (File photo: Reuters/cnsphoto)
LONDON: China's diesel exports accelerated significantly in September after being severely restricted over the previous 13 months, according to data from the customs service.
Exports were boosted to 1.73 million tonnes (430,000 barrels per day) in September up from an average of 460,000 tonnes per month (114,000 barrels per day) between Aug 2021 and Aug 2022.
Volumes recovered to equal the average of 1.72 million tonnes per month between 2018 and the first half of 2021, before the government began restricting them.
Faster exports will provide some relief amid a global diesel shortage, but are unlikely to be enough to stabilise and rebuild global inventories, or offset any future disruption as a result of sanctions on Russia's fuel exports.
China restricts overseas shipments of diesel, gasoline, jet fuel and other petroleum products through a quota system, administered by the Ministry of Commerce.
The country is a net oil importer so it makes sense to build refinery capacity to meet domestic needs for security reasons - but not to build a large export-oriented refining system.
The government's industrial strategy is focused on increasing exports of high-value technology products while minimising exports of energy-intensive items that have little domestic value added.
Since refining is very energy intensive and a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, the government has discouraged exports of basic transport fuels to reduce domestic energy use and meet emissions targets.
The quota system also prioritises domestic consumers and businesses, ensuring supplies and inventories remain comfortable and helping hold down prices.
REDUCED FLOWS
The sudden tightening of quotas between the third quarter of 2021 and third quarter of 2022, which fell mostly on diesel exports, contributed to the worldwide shortage of diesel and other distillate fuel oils.
Diesel exports were reduced by a total of 16.3 million tonnes, or 122 million barrels, over 13 months compared with the pre-June 2021 trend.
Recently, extra quotas have been awarded, which should help relieve some of the global shortage, provided they are maintained at a higher level.
However, the cumulative production and exports lost earlier in 2021 and 2022 cannot be recovered easily and will leave global inventories lower than they would have been in the short to medium term.
If exports rise by 300,000 barrels per day, as they did in September, that will meet only around 1 per cent of global consumption estimated at 27 million barrels per day in 2021.
Extra diesel shipments out of China will help, but rebalancing the diesel market still requires slower growth in the global economy and fuel consumption.
China exports


South Florida home values are on the rise, but that does not mean everyone is in great shape. There is still over one-third the share of mortgaged homes that are under water. It has been improving and the underwater homes have fallen again in the second quarter, according to Zillow.
In Miami-Dade County, 36.7 percent of mortgaged residences owed more than their market value, down from 39.5 percent in the first quarter and 45.4 percent a year earlier, the Seattle-based online real-estate operator said.
In Broward County, 33 percent of mortgaged homes were underwater, down from 35.6 percent in the first quarter and 44.1 percent a year earlier, Zillow said.
Nearly 40 percent of homes are still underwater in Palm Beach.
The nation's negative-equity rate continue to fall in the second quarter, with 23.8 percent of mortgaged homes under water, Zillow said.
Despite the improving trend, "millions of homeowners remain so far underwater that it will take years for them to regain equity, even as home values continue their recovery,'' Zillow said.
The Tax Appraiser's office has issued the 2013 values of your property, allowing a very short property deadline of September 17th, in which to file your appeal.
So it goes year after year, the County is still working though their 2012 appeals, even though the 2013 appeals will now be filed. There is no legal way to challenge the County's property tax bill, but this is still your opportunity to challenge your own property assessment, to lower your own taxes.
The big difference is that now the Miami-Dade Tax Appraiser appears to want to get appeals settled through an informal assessment review. This is supposed to address any property value concerns quicker than appealing it through the Value Adjustment Board (VAB).
They appear to have motivated their staff to complete appeals in the same tax year. Some people may be happy with a reduction regardless of its magnitude, instead of having to argue their valuation before a SpecialMagistrate. They may be surprised that the County will even grant them any relief at all, without a hearing. You may not get the value you were hoping for, but you may get a reduction you can live with.
As frustrating as the process may appear to be, remember that if one does have a hearing and does obtain a refund at a Value Adjustment Board (VAB) hearing, the County is then obligated to give you a refund, plus 12% interest per year on the amount overpaid.
January 1 is the valuation date in Florida. Therefore, this year's Market Value listed on the 2013 TRIM notice, reflects an estimate of your property's market value on January 1, 2013. It is based on market data from the preceding (2012) calendar year.
Consequently, these new 2013 Tax Roll values are by now, almost eight (8) months old, when the market might have been weaker. This fact may want to be considered in order to attempt to reduce the 2013 assessment.
Your best best is to hire Property Tax Appeal Group as your expert to attempt to reduce your property taxes. We can attempt to meet with the Property Appraisers office early and get a reduced rate, if we feel we could obtain a larger reduction in a hearing then we would be able to reject their offer and proceed. Make sure you use a professional to assure you get your assessment set at its accurate amount and receive your refund check.


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to kill a mockingbird at 50
A novel about family
Special to The Globe and Mail
This article was published more than 12 years ago. Some information may no longer be current.
Last month, as I sang my way across the West to promote my latest CD, Intimate, I enjoyed the company of one constant companion - the formidable novel To Kill a Mockingbird.
Gone are those old, post-concert evenings: tequila, partying, nailing bread to the clubhouse wall and setting it on fire to produce toast. At 56, my idea of bliss after a three-hour set in Penticton, B.C., is curling up with a classic novel.
Well, bliss might be the wrong word. Because I was shocked to discover, re-reading the book decades after gobbling it up on a lawn chair in the backyard of my childhood home in Don Mills, Ont., that it was making me an emotional wreck.
At 11, I was nauseated by the racism leaping off the pages, particularly because my cousins in North Carolina were among the first black students to be integrated into a previously whites-only Southern public school and I was worried sick for their safety.
Now, what unsettles me most isn't the overarching theme of prejudice - it's the eerie, intimate, sometimes painful similarities between the Finch family and my own.
Atticus, as so many of us know from reading Mockingbird in school or seeing the film, is a lawyer branded a "nigger lover" for defending a black man wrongly accused of raping a woman who is white. As a result, his children - the wildly precocious Scout and her equally perspicacious older brother Jem - suffer the vicious backlash of an enraged town, to the point where their lives are endangered.
My own father, human-rights pioneer and black historian Daniel G. Hill III, was branded a "commie" when he became the first director of the Ontario Human Rights Commission in the 1960s - trust me, as close to being called a "nigger lover" in the American South as you could get at that time.
Indeed, we three Hill kids faced much hostility because of our father's outspokenness. We were often ordered not to answer the phone, our line being flooded with death threats every time our dad rocked the status quo with new human-rights legislation. And, not unlike Scout's dad, my father was constantly accosted by neighbours who accused him of destroying their "democratic rights," specifically the right to employ or rent to whomever they wanted.
"If I want only white tenants, that's my business," they opined. "The government should keep its nose out of my private affairs."
And damned if I didn't relate to Scout's disillusionment at school. When she enters Grade 1, she's excoriated by her teachers - basically for being too smart - and is sternly advised to tell her father to stop reading to her, lest it interfere with her learning. The Finch children are what author Malcolm Gladwell calls "outliers": They read too much, think too hard, invent suspiciously imaginative games and elaborate dramatic plays.
The Hill kids, the only biracial children in our part of town - my dad is black, my mom is white - were similarly suspect for the crime of "thinking too hard and being too darned analytical." My siblings were accused of "overachieving," which according to their teachers was a serious psychological issue. "No way any teacher would say this if Hill kids were blond and blue-eyed!" my dad had thundered back, his bad-ass black voice scaring the bejesus out of them.
Writers weigh in
For all my pre-teen outrage at the prejudice in Lee's book, though, my personal experience (and the blow-by-blow accounts of discrimination of all kinds from my parents) has somewhat inured me by now to the horrors of white-on-black hatred in Lee's book. What really crushed my heart this time around? Scout and Jem grew up in a motherless household.
We Hill children had our own period of motherlessness. My mom was hospitalized in the mid-sixties for an unbearably long stretch, with no mention as to if, or when she'd come home. Meanwhile, we three kids took on all the household chores - dad was busy building up the Human Rights Commission during the day and faithfully visiting mom at night.
For the record, my mom, now 82, is healthy, feisty, brilliant and, outside of my wife, the first person I turn to for advice and guidance. But the absence of Scout and Jem's mother brought back deeply painful memories, often to the point where I'd find myself weeping silently, as I clung to Mockingbird each night, my voice (and my emotions) wrung raw from late-night concerts and interviews.
Maybe because Mockingbird was ripping my heart out when I least suspected it, I found myself frequently focusing on the book's flaws (nothing like being hyper-analytical to throw a damp towel over your emotions). And there are flaws. The book's major misstep: the wincingly stereotypical depiction of Calpurnia, the black maid and caregiver to the Finch family.
Stern yet affectionate, selfless in her devotion, blessed with a folksy yet distinctly unintellectual sensibility, she's the archetypal Non-threatening Negro, a sort of literary Aunt Jemima - the type of character that reassures liberal whites that negroes are just fine, so long as they know their place. I suspect that Lee, by inventing the "perfect black woman" was trying to compensate for all the negative stereotypes hurled at blacks at the time she was writing and re-writing the novel that would go on to change her life as much as those who would read it.
Even though Lee's naively patronizing portrayal of Calpurnia infuriated me, I couldn't stay angry for long. Over and over, she'd mollify me with her surgical deconstruction of a Southern town and her astonishing ability to slip under the skin of those three ever-lovable children. Hands down, Lee's portrayal of Scout, Jem and Dill is the best part of the novel.
Most of all though, she reels me back in with the unspoken message of the book.
Yes, it's a book about racism, classism and knee-jerk fear of anything resembling the unknown. And yes, only J.D. Salinger's Catcher in the Rye catches the ruminations, disaffections and alienations of a young person with the same searing eye.
But this is also a novel about family. About the fierce loyalty of Scout and her older brother. About the love the children feel for their father. About Atticus's absolute acceptance of his children's unfettered curiosity.
It made me think, one more wrenching time, about my own family.
It also left me with some small hope - that despite society's unspeakable cruelties, there remains, at the very core of human existence, unconditional love. The beauty of Mockingbird is that the longing for human connection and random acts of kindness keeps popping up, always when you least expect it.
Dan Hill's most recent recording is the album Intimate. He's also the author of I Am My Father's Son: A Memoir of Love and Forgiveness.
Hill joins filmmaker Clement Virgo, Toronto District School Board trustee Josh Matlow and Indigo Books & Music's Jennifer Shannon for a discussion about To Kill A Mockingbird in Toronto on Thursday. For details, visit tokillamockingbird50year.com.
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Opening reception: Thursday, June 9, 2016 from 6 to 8 P.M. The artist will be present.
In this exhibition composed of pieces of jewellery and sculptures, the artist's approach returns to a more painterly one. Trained in engraving, she creates artworks that fall somewhere between jewellery and sculpture. The exhibition will present pieces including her flagship creations, as well as more recent creations. Come discover the multiple versions of works in precious metal; each of the pieces presented requires several steps to be achieved.


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Appalachian Gothic Curiosity Shop
Thrills, Chills, and Curiosities.
About the Curiosity Shop
Curiosity Shop FAQ
Contact/Ideas
History and Folklore
Your Historian: Laura Wright
Global Weirdness
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Arcane Miscellany
The Black Death in History
Vespers and Vampires
Vicious Vanity
Witches, Wizards, and Warlocks
Weird Weather
Metaphysical Mountain Curiosity Shop
French Folklore and Myth
Banshees and Omens
France was the hub of intellectualism in Europe for centuries. It was the equivalent of modern-day London or New York City. As a result, its history was well-documented and well-preserved.
Buguet- a French spirit photographer who came to London in 1874. His photographs were wildly successful, until he was arrested for deception. Even after his trouble, and confession to manipulating the images, many believed he had genuinely photographed spirits, and there was a conspiracy to suppress them.
The "Monster Cyclone" visited Paris in 945 A.D. It was said that monsters dropped from the sky and they all carried battle-axes. They rushed the church and destroyed the pulpit, then used the parts as battering rams on the neighboring houses. This was most likely a violent windstorm.
Aldabert- A pseudo-mystic of 8th Century France.
Francois Alary- French visionary who published The Prophecy of Count Bombaste in 1609.
Albertus Magnus- French alchemist, scientist, and prolific writer of the 13th Century. St. Thomas Aquinas was among his pupils, and legend said he successfully created the philosopher's stone. His works were still being published in the 1600s.
Alis de Telleux- The spirit of Alis de Telieux, was mentioned in a book published in Paris, in 1528. Her spirit haunted a monastery. She was a worldly nun and eventfully left the church, but repented before her death. The book is believed to have been authored by Adrien de Montlambert. She became a benevolent spirit of the St. Pierre de Lyon monastery.
The Little Red Man of the Tuileries predicted national disaster. Even Napoleon was warned by spirit in red apparel. It has not appeared since the Tuileries was demolished by revolutionaries in the 1880s.
A white phantom skiff appears to warn spectators of approaching epidemics or pandemics.
A troop of soldieries took shelter in an abandoned house in the 1700s. The second night, they were trampled by a giant phantom dog. Seven died.
Almanach du Diable– Peculiar almanac that featured strange predictions for 1737 and 1738. Legend said it was published in the "infernal regions." Authorship as ultimately ascribed to a Dijon ironmonger named Quesnel. It was believed to be an attempt by the Jesuits to defame the Jansenists.
Almanach de Dieu– An almanac written in response to the du Diable, and legend said it was authored in heaven. The work was against the Jesuits.
Jean d'Anais- a lawyer from 1400s France, sometimes also known as Agnany. He wrote four books on demons, witchcraft, and magic. None achieved any note.
Arnoux- Author of a book titled On the Wonders of the Other World, published at Rouen, in 1630.
Jean Francois Baltus- A Jesuit scholar who published Reply to the History of the Oracles of Fontenelle, published in 1709.
Bataille- The author of Le Diable au XIX. He also published under the pseudonym of Dr. Hecks, and proclaimed to have witnessed secret rites and orgies of may infernal societies.
Ansuperomin- A sorcerer who existed around 1200 AD. According to Pierre Delamere, councilor for Henry IV, many witnessed him attending the Witches' Sabbath. He was mounted on a goat-shaped demon and frequently played the flute for the dance.
Babau- A ogre that lived in central France. While a French name, some scholars believed it had a Celtic origin.
It was believed in Middle Age France that you could raise the devil by taking a black rooster to a place where four crossroads meet. Hold the rooster under your left arm and say, "Robert," nine times. The devil would appear, take the chicken, and give you a handful of coins.
Albert Belin- a Benedictine author. Belin was born in Besancon around 1610. He wrote dissertations on astral figures and talismans. His works were published in Paris, in 1671 and 1709.
Poppet- a wax or clay figure used in black magic (vaudaux). This was the fetish that would eventually become a "voodoo doll."
Pierre Aupetit- an apostate priest of Fossas, in Limousine. He was burned for celebrating the Devil's mass.
Bourru- a phantom monk who walked the streets of Paris. The origins of the specter are unknown. He became a boogeyman that targeted unruly children.
Pierre Burgot- a werewolf, who was burned at the stake in Besançon, in 1521.
Michel Verdun- a werewolf, who was burned at the stake in Besançon, in 1521.
Jacques Cazotte- a French romance author, who was also believed to have written the Prophetie de Cazotte. Cazotte did not support the revolutionaries in 1792. As a result, like so many, his daughter was killed by the one month before he met the guillotine.
Jean Bodin- author of numerous works. His most known work was Demonomanic des Sorciers, published in Paris, in 1581. He died of the plague in 1596.
Ancient Bretons wore glass rings to ward off evil.
"John and his fire," is the name of a figure, who walks at night. He has a candle for each finger, and twirls them quickly.
Divination was often done via needles. Twenty-five needles were placed on a plate, and water was poured over them. The number of needles that crossed indicated how many enemies you had.
Bees are sensitive to the fortunes or hardships of their masters. The keeper must adhere to certain natural regulations to be a successful apiarist. If there is a death in the keeper's family, a piece of black cloth should be tied to the hive. If there is a celebration, a red cloth should be tied.
Bisclaveret- a werewolf. A human, transformed by magic, becomes a cannibalistic beast who creeps through the woods in search of their next victim.
Broceliande- a magical forest used by Merlin, of Arthurian legend. This forest was said to be where Merlin was enchanted by Nimue, the Lady of the Lake, and imprisoned under a stone slab.
Cacoux- once a caste of rope craftsmen. They were once treated as pariahs because the ropes they made were used by hangmen and slave owners. They were often prohibited from entering churches. They were considered sorcerers, and often tried to profit from that public bias through selling charms and amulets. They could buy and sell winds and storms. They were believed to be of Jewish origin. Some nobles wished them to wear a piece of red cloth on their clothing, so everyone would know what they were.
Henri Boguet- Grand Justice of the Saint Claude district. He died in 1619. He wrote a work against sorcerers, Discours des Sorciers. It was a brutal interrogation guide, and was later burned because of its cruelties, absurdities, and graphic scenes, which the author claimed to have presided.
Jeannette Abadle- Confessed to witchcraft. She stated she was asleep in her father's house one day when a demon carried her off to the Devil's Sabbath. She saw the principal demon had two heads, like the mythical Janus. She refused to participate and was returned home. She renounced sorcery and was released.
Bensozia- a cult from the 1100s and 1200s. Their meetings were in France. They were held to worship Diana of the ancient Gauls. She was also called "The Moon," "Nocticula," and "Herodias." One account was found in the Couserans' church manuscripts of woman from the 1300s, who said they attended such meetings. Attendees inscribed their names in the Sabbatic catalogue, and afterward were fairies. An ancient temple was found in Poitou during the 1700s, believed to be used by the Bensozia.
Marie d'Aspillette- Witch of Hendaye (known as "Andaye" during her time), who lived during the 1300s. She was arrested at 19. She confessed she had went to the Witches' Sabbath and performed many unholy acts.
Marie Baleoin- Sorceress from the 1300s. She admitted to attending the Witches' Sabbath and eating parts of a child. She was condemned to be burned.
Jeanne Belloc- A sorceress in the 1600s. She was indicted for sorcery at the age of 84. Her inquisitor was infamous Pierre Delancre. She said she began attending "meetings of Satan," in 1609. She was presented to the devil, who kissed her. She received his mark. She stated the Sabbath was a form of bal masque, attended by some in human form, and others in animal form.
Jeanette Biscar- a sorceress who was taken to the Sabbath by the devil. He appeared as a goat. Her reward was flying.
Baltazo- One of the demons who possessed Nicole Aubry in 1566, in Laon. He claimed he wanted to free her from possession. He dined with her husband, but refused to drink. Demons are averse to water. Her husband was intelligent, and refused to meet the demon's demands. One of his advisors summoned Beelzebub, and learned if he'd agreed to Balatazo's request, he would've lost his wife in body and soul.
Ansitif- An obscure demon who allegedly occupied the body of Sister Barbara, at St. Michael, during the Louvers possession in 1643.
Arphaxat- a demon who possessed the body of Louise de Pinterville, during the possession of the nuns of Loudun, in 1633. Strangely, this is also the name of a Persian sorcerer killed by a thunderbolt.
Berande- a sorceress burned in 1577. Another lady accused her of sorcery and was heard. Berande denied it. The other lady asked her if she could remember their last Sabbath, where she carried a pot of poison. Berande conceded. Both women were burned.
The Lutin is much like England's Robin Goodfellow. Lutin can assume many shapes. His pranks, however, were much more serious than those of Goodfellow.
Melusina- the most famous "fay" in France. She was cursed to become a serpent from the waist down every Saturday. She made her husband, Count Raymond of Lusignan, avoid her every Saturday. One Saturday, the count hid to see what his wife did. Upon watching her transformation, he was revolted and abandoned her. She is now cursed to wander in that form for the rest of time. Another version of the story was told in Sir Walter Scott's The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border. In Scott's version, Melusina married Count Guy de Lusignan, of Poitou, with the sole condition that he respect her privacy. They lived together many years and had many children. They built a tremendous castle and lived happily. Then, the count decided to see what she did during her private time. Sadly, he made the situation worse. She discovered her voyeur and turned into a dragon and flew away. She was the spirit of the Castle of Lusignan before it's demolition in the 1800s. It was turned into a park.
Champagnat- his real name was Berthome du Lignon. He was a sorcerer who came to trial in Montmorillion, in 1599. He stated his father had taken him to Sabbath's during his youth. He promised the devil his soul and his body. He carried his mark, and the devil had just visited him the previous night in prison. He claimed to've slain numerous people and animals with the magical powders the devil gave to him.
Pierre Bonnevault- a sorcerer who lived during the 1600s. He was arrested on his way to the Devil's Sabbath. He confessed his parents had taken him to the Sabbath as a child, and dedicated him to the Devil. He claimed he agreed to give his bones to the devil, but not his soul. That he had performed many magical feats and slain many people with the devil's help. He was condemned to death.
Jean Bonnevault- brother to Pierre, he was accused at the same time as Pierre. He prayed for infernal assistance, and history claims he levitated four to five feet from the ground. He then dropped, and his skin turned a bluish black. He discussed going to the Sabbath, and utilizing the various magical powders given to him to kill people. He was condemned to death.
Maturin de Bonnevault- father of Pierre and Jean. He was accused of sorcery and visited by experts who found a rose-like mark on his right shoulder. When the mark was pricked, he exhibited agony. Examiners believed this to be a devil's mark. He claimed he had espoused Berthomè de la Bedouche, who was introduced to sorcery by her parents. He claimed they all scavenged the countryside for snakes and toads for their rituals. He claimed the Sabbath was held at four times in the year. He said he had killed seven people, and had been a sorcerer since seven years of age. He was condemned to death.
Other French Curiosities:
Castle Lamier
Tailor of Chalons
Spectre Ship
Tags: customs, France, legend
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Today, the California Supreme Court issued its long awaited decision in Brinker Restaurant Corp. v. Super. Ct. (SC S166350) holding that the nature of an employer's duty to provide meal periods is an obligation to relieve an employee of all of his or her duties, with the employee thereafter at liberty to use the meal period for whatever purpose he or she desires. Importantly, the Supreme Court made it clear that the employer is not required to ensure that no work is done. In simple terms, an employer must provide a meal break which permits the employee complete freedom from job duties, but the employer is not required to police xanax each employee to make certain the meal break is being taken without performing any work for the employer. Click here for a full copy of the published decision.


Came home last night to be handed the phone by Shirl as I walked in the door. As I was saying hello to Carin I noticed something on the carpet in our hallway just outside Shirl's office. There was a moment of reality disconnect when I couldn't work out what it was because it seemed so unlikely, but there it was. A mouse. Sitting quietly as .... well, you know.
I interrupted my non-existent conversation with Carin (we hadn't even got started yet) to say to Shirl, "there's a mouse on the carpet". I then told Carin we'd have to call her back as we had, "a situation". I think this was, by this stage, pretty clear. Shirl's screams were adding to the panic of the situation and Carin could more than hear them over the phone. I rushed to put the phone down and think of what to do next. Must get the mouse out somehow, but how, put a bowl over it, it might run, it might run into Shirl's office - Shirl, shut the door - it might run into the bedroom, better close the bedroom door, but how do I get there without the mouse running into either Shirl's room, or the bedroom?
Through all this chaos, the mouse hardly moved.
Even as I flicked the hall lights on, it just sat there. Even as I slowly lowered our rice cooker's bowl over the top of it, it hardly moved. Just sat there, self-contained, on the carpet. Even as I slid the placemat underneath, lifted it up and made to take it outside, it hardly moved.
I headed out to the patio out back, but realised I was either going to be putting it in our back garden (okay, garden's a bit of a generous term), or someone else's, so I realised I better put it out front.
Shirl let me out the front door, and I tip-toed to the fencing at the end of our row of houses and let him out.
And he just stayed there, squatting cutely, as I backed away and headed inside.
Shirl saw him today, squashed.


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One in Him Foundation organizes annual mission trips under the name of One Missions. It responds to the voice of God: Matthew 28:19 "Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit." Mark 16:15-18 "Go into all the world and preach the gospel to all creation, heal the sick, raise the dead and cast out demons..
We proclaim the gospel not only with words but also with deeds. We do this first of all by loving them, nurturing them and letting them feel that they are loved by the Father. They are welcome in His arms of grace! We will visit the slums, rehab centers, orphanages, clinics and other organizations. We provide help in the terms of food, clothing and education. We also organize events with Biblical education, fellowship, worship and all kinds of fun activities to give people an unforgettable day.
Amongst others we work in Brazil with local organisations and One Projects. During the outreach we always work as a team, both the mission trip team as a few local brothers and sisters. In Brazil we have our own One Projects Mission House where we eat together, have fellowship and keep a daily reflection. We pray with each other, encourage each other and have daily household duties such as cooking, washing dishes, chores and so on. Of course, there is also time for yourself and for small trips in this beautiful country.
During the mission trip we will discover God together with you. We are looking for your talents and your strength. We are going to help you and encourage you, so you can come into the destiny that God has for you. This can be anything. Maybe you find this by organizing children's activities or making music. Maybe you are good at organizing things or like to preach or teach. Whatever it is, we want to discover that with you and encourage you to do this.
The guides of these mission trips are all adult Christians. Most of us have done many years of Bible school and are experienced in guiding groups.
Do you see yourself as adventurous?
Do you dare to discover your true face in Christ and be completely transformed during a mission with our foundation? Are you young in mind, in good mobility and would you like to have a great time with a group of friends or strangers on the other side of the world, for the Kingdom of God were He is central? Do you have passion for Jesus and are you willing to go that extra mile for the other? Then you are very welcome to join us on our mission trip! Sign up!
I am enthusiastic and would like to be a disciple of Jesus to bless others and to be blessed myself! I would like to read the conditions first!
I would like to join and sign me up!