You might not realize it, but audio can be just as crucial to solving a case than video or eyewitness testimony. But understanding how to interpret audio evidence, or having the ability to enhance it to a point of intelligibility, requires highly-specialized training and expensive software. Meet Kent Gibson, one of the country's leading forensic audio experts, who's done audio analysis for the FBI, the Secret Service, and the Department of Homeland Security, among many others, and get his take on audio evidence from the missing Malaysian Airlines flight, the Trayvon Martin case, and Mel Gibson's infamous domestic dispute.
From Defacto Sound, you're listening to Twenty Thousand Hertz... The stories behind the world's most recognizable and interesting sounds. I'm Dallas Taylor. This is the story of how audio can be a key to solving a crime.
Forensic audio is the use of audio evidence in the investigation of a crime or for use in a court of law...and the clip you just heard was from Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. The one that went missing in March 2014 somewhere near the southern Indian Ocean.
Investigators found some debris in January 2017 that they have identified as being part of the plane, but to this day, no one really knows what happened.
When these final recording between the pilots of the missing Malaysian jet and their air traffic controllers were released, and appeared to have been edited, NBC news turned to Kent Gibson for analysis.
Kent: I'm a forensic audio and video examiner. I've been in the business about 30 years. I do authentication, which is, is this recording edited or inauthentic in any way?
He determined that the audio had been edited in at least three places. Listen carefully to the following clips for words that have been cut off.
He was also convinced that this section has been recorded through a speaker or microphone.
It's entirely possible that this is either a case of the Malaysian authorities editing the tape because parts of it contained information that the government didn't want shared with the world, or that the tape was poorly put together from multiple recordings of the same thing.
Regardless, maybe this evidence, along with other findings, will someday help add to the bigger picture of the case.
Kent does a lot of authentication cases like this one. Some of this work relies on tech and some on good old-fashioned listening.
Kent: There are ways to find out and there are a lot of software ways, there are a lot of critical listening for non sequiturs and split words.
There is some new issues with authentication in that there are some techniques and some editing systems where you can't really detect an edit. These days you can't really say, "I guarantee you there are no edits here." All you can say is, "I don't hear any edits there." If you can say, "There is an edit right here," then it's not authentic. Then you're clear on that issue. The opposite is not the case.
If you ever hear a half of word, it's pretty clear that's an edit because it's really hard for a human voice to make half a word.
Another important service Kent provides is enhancement.
Kent: Enhancement is probably 50% of what most forensic audio people do. Making things understandable, that are not understandable.
Like this recording of a bribery sting with a television blaring in the background.
He managed to get a copy of the television broadcast on its own and using that clean audio, he could then eliminate it from the recording.
How exactly does he do that?
Kent: By now I have a whole array of software that treats, it filters, it's limiters, it's different kinds of filters that are very specific, and that try to remove background noise. You sample a recording and it learns the background noise and then you output it at the end and the output is theoretically the voice without the background noise.
But this doesn't work for everything so sometimes Kent and others who do this kind of work have to manage expectations.
Kent: Especially with digital distortion and digital corruption, my famous line is not every file can be enhanced.
But plenty of recordings can be enhanced...or with a little bit of pre-planning, investigators can set up their own recordings to catch conversations between people they're holding in jail.
Kent: Well sometimes the CI, who's the confidential informant wears a wire, but in this case there was a grate, an air conditioning grate, in the cell. They put the recorder behind the grate and then put the two guys in there.
They talked to each other, and basically they were claiming they didn't even know each other and we got them saying, "Where'd you hide the gun?" Basically it was clear that they were both in cahoots.
A quick aside here about recording conversations, in California it's legal to record someone without their knowledge it if could provide evidence of a crime.
Unless they are somewhere where it's posted that they are being recorded, like in a jail or a prison. This law varies from state to state.
Kent: I've done a lot of those, basically you can whisper for only about 20 minutes. Then after you're whispering for 20 minutes, you start talking with tonality in it. No matter how hard you try, you start speaking in something that can be understandable.
Kent worked with one local jurisdiction to take this idea a step further in their holding room.
Kent: Every jail has a room where people are admitted. They're arrested and they're put in this holding room while other things happen. I had them install this fan in that room, which was very noisy but only in the low frequencies. It was like a rumble, rumble, rumble. So we could record people in there, and they hear this noise in the air, so they don't think they can be heard, but we would record the noise then take out the rumble and hear exactly what they were saying.
That take preparation, sometimes you can do that when there's a fan in there anyway, but we were pretty sharp and thought to install things to make it easier for me to do my work.
We don't have the exact same hear that Kent does, but we are able to reduce a consistent noise, so we tried this in the studio.
Person 1 Exmaple: Here I am talking with a loud fan in the background. As you can tell, it's a little hard to hear, but when we process out the sound of the fan you can now hear me a little better.
Now, let's hear that again, with the sound of the fan reduced.
Person 1 Example: Here I am talking with a loud fan in the background. As you can tell, it's a little hard to hear, but when we process out the sound of the fan you can now hear me a little better.
This can be done fairly easily if the sound is consistent because the software can identify just those frequencies and reduce them. It's much more difficult to reduce sounds that change frequency like a car engine [car engine SFX] or other people talking [people talking SFX].
Part of what makes it difficult to remove voices, the individual and unpredictable movement of the sound, is what makes it possible to identify them. Everyone uses their voices in different ways and that, coupled with the actual vibrations of their vocal cords, can be really unique.
Kent: I do a lot of voice identification, which is this voice is the same as that voice. The person on this recording is the same as the one over there.
Kent used this analysis during the Trayvon Martin case in 2012.
Kent: I wasn't the head guy but I was one of them. It was voice identification and basically my findings were different from the one that they had.
Find out how and go behind the scenes of another famous case...next.
Kent Gibson analyzes audio for criminal and civil cases and when he was consulted by the media about a 911 call in the Trayvon Martin case, his opinion was different than the one presented by another expert in court.
And, a quick warning here. We'll be playing a portion of that 911 call in a moment. It could be disturbing to some listeners. There's not any gunshots, but there is a lot of yelling in the background. If you might be sensitive or triggered in any way, I suggest skipping ahead to the fifteen minute mark in the show.
Kent: I get a lot of calls from news and news will come in and say, "Well there's this case and is that true?" I will often give them an opinion, but it's not necessarily for the legal counsel for that particular person.
The man charged with Martin's murder, George Zimmerman, claimed self defense and one piece of evidence was a 911 call placed by a concerned neighbor.
There was shouting in the background, but there was a debate over whether it was Martin or Zimmerman.
Kent: It used to be that it was done by spectrograms and formants. Basically if you record a voice and look at it on a spectrogram they're these bars, horizontal bars, in the spectrogram and they're called formants, and they represent the vocal folds, your voice will have a specific characteristic of its formants that no other voice will have in theory.
It used to be we had to have the exemplars, which is a recording of the person in question saying the same words. If the guy said a certain thing, you had to get a recording of the exemplar saying the exact same words, but now software's able to separate the vowels so we can do it with any words just using vowels.
That means that now they can use any sample of the suspect's voice to see if it's a match. This new technology is pretty amazing, but it still isn't perfect.
Kent: You have to have 11 seconds at least of the test and then you get an exemplar, which is a recording of the person in question, and then you run it through this very expensive and highfalutin software that gives you a return on whether or not the program thinks it's the same person, and it's always in a percentage. In forensics and most things like that, it's never 100%.
It's often a much lower percentage and you have to know what the benchmarks are to be able to say, "This is this, or this is not that." It was a news source who wanted me to opine about whether or not the voice that was recorded was Trayvon's voice.
Kent: Some other forensic person had opined that it was his voice and my opinion was that there wasn't enough of the recording to make that determination. It wasn't that it was contrary, it was just it's not enough information.
Who was telling paints dramatically different pictures of what happened. If it was Zimmerman yelling, was it because he was in fear for his life? Or was it Martin yelling because he was being threatened by the strange man who had been following him with a gun?
All we know for sure is that Trayvon Martin was shot dead by George Zimmerman and Zimmerman was acquitted of the murder after he claimed self defense.
Sometimes it's more difficult to get at the truth...and others it's a little easier.
Kent: I end up doing one that was for Osanka Grigorieva, who was the girlfriend of Mel Gibson.
As we've heard about Mr. Gibson, he was not good at controlling his anger. He was calling her to tell her to watch out that he was going to do her in. He would call and threaten her with a lot of different things.
She had recorded some of these phone calls and presented them along with voice messages as evidence of Mel Gibson's physical and verbal abuse in criminal court.
Kent: I was hired on that case to show that A, it was Mel Gibson's voice and B, it was not edited. So that they did not make an inauthentic file putting together the threats.
I can't play this example for you, even if it weren't exclusively owned by Radar Online, the language is very offensive.
Kent: If we prove that it was him, and that it was not edited, then clearly he did it.
Once my testimony came out, he gave up. He said, "Okay. You can't refute that."
Mel Gibson plead guilty to misdemeanor battery. He didn't serve any jail time.
Kent: I get a lot of cases from famous celebrities and famous politicians where it's very classified and you can't tell who it was. The first time you leak something like that is going to be your last job. It's like being an accountant, you can't mess up.
Forensic audio is an imperfect science, but a necessary one. And people like Kent take that job very seriously as they lend their expertise and software to court cases around the world.
Twenty Thousand Hertz is presented by Defacto Sound, a sound team dedicated to making the world sound better. Whether it's a commercial, television show, web video, trailer, video game, documentary, VR, or even physical products, Defacto makes it sound insanely cool. Check out prior work and get in touch at Defacto Sound dot com.
This episode was produced by Miellyn Fitzwater Barrows. ..and me, Dallas Taylor. With help from Sam Schneble. It was mixed by Jai Berger.
Thanks to Kent Gibson. Check out his website at forensicaudio dot org to find more incredible examples.
Our soundtrack is from our friends at Musicbed. Who offer a highly curated catalog from great indie artists and composers. Like what you hear? Listen to all of the songs from our show and even license them for your own projects at music.20k.org.
As soon as this podcast is over, go connect with us on Twitter or Facebook! If you have a few minutes, say hello. Also, while you're at it, tell a friend about the show!
If you have any show suggestions, partnership opportunities, or if you'd like to advertise on the show, reach out through our website at 20k.org.
You can find all of these links on our website or in the show description.


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Search Results: 1 - 10 of 200732 matches for " P. Reig "
Spectral states in Be/X-ray pulsars
E. Nespoli,P. Reig
Physics , 2013,
Abstract: In the last quarter of a century, a unified characterization of the spectral evolution of low-mass X-ray binaries, both containing a neutron star and a black hole, was possible. In this context, the notion of source states characterizing the X-ray emission from black-hole binaries and neutron-star low-mass X-ray binaries revealed to be a very useful tool to disentangle the complex spectral and aperiodic phenomenology displayed by those classes of accreting objects. Be/X-ray binaries constitute another major class of transient accreting binaries, for which very little work has been done on the correlated timing and spectral variability. Especially, no definition of source states exists for this class, in spite of their highly variable X-ray emission. When active, Be/X-ray binaries are among the brightest objects in the X-ray sky and are characterized by dramatic variability in brightness on timescales ranging from seconds to years. It is then worth it to ask whether a definition of spectral states is possible for these systems. In this work, we try to address such a question, investigating whether accreting X-ray pulsars display source states and characterizing those states through their spectral properties. Our results show that Be/X-ray pulsars trace two different branches in their hardness-intensity diagram: the horizontal branch, a low-intensity state, and the diagonal branch, a high-intensity state that only appears when the X-ray luminosity exceeds a critical limit. We propose that the two branches are the phenomenological signature of two different accretion modes -- in agreement with recently proposed models -- depending on whether the luminosity of the source is above or below a critical value.
Discovery of X-ray pulsations in the Be/X-ray binary IGR J21343+4738
P. Reig,A. Zezas
Physics , 2014, DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu898
Abstract: We report on the discovery of X-ray pulsations in the Be/X-ray binary IGR J21343+4738 during an XMM-Newton observation. We obtained a barycentric corrected pulse period of 320.35+-0.06 seconds. The pulse profile displays a peak at low energy that flattens at high energy. The pulse fraction is 45+-3$% and independent of energy within the statistical uncertainties. The 0.2-12 keV spectrum is well fit by a two component model consisting of a blackbody with kT=0.11+-0.01 keV and a power law with photon index Gamma=1.02+-0.07. Both components are affected by photoelectric absorption with a equivalent hydrogen column density NH=(1.08+-0.15)x 10^{22} cm^{-2} The observed unabsorbed flux is 1.4x10^{-11} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1} in the 0.2-12 keV energy band. Despite the fact that the Be star's circumstellar disc has almost vanished, accretion continues to be the main source of high energy radiation. We argue that the observed X-ray luminosity (LX~10^{35} erg s^{-1}) may result from accretion via a low-velocity equatorial wind from the optical companion.
Disc-loss episode in the Be shell optical counterpart to the high-mass X-ray binary IGR J21343+4738
Physics , 2013, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201321408
Abstract: The main goal of this work is to determine the properties of the optical counterpart to the INTEGRAL source IGR J21343+4738, and study its long-term optical variability. We present optical photometric BVRI and spectroscopic observations covering the wavelength band 4000-7500 A. We find that the optical counterpart to IGR J21343+4738 is a V=14.1 B1IVe shell star located at a distance of ~8.5 kpc. The Halpha line changed from an absorption dominated profile to an emission dominated profile, and then back again into absorption. In addition, fast V/R asymmetries were observed once the disc developed. Although the Balmer lines are the most strongly affected by shell absorption, we find that shell characteristics are also observed in He I lines. The optical spectral variability of IGR J21343+4738 is attributed to the formation of an equatorial disc around the Be star and the development of an enhanced density perturbation that revolves inside the disc. We have witnessed the formation and dissipation of the circumstellar disc. The strong shell profile of the Halpha and He I lines and the fact that no transition from shell phase to a pure emission phase is seen imply that we are seeing the system near edge-on.
Long-term variability of high-mass X-ray binaries. I.Photometry
P. Reig,J. Fabregat
Abstract: We present photometric observations of the field around the optical counterparts of high-mass X-ray binaries. Our aim is to study the long-term photometric variability in correlation with their X-ray activity and derive a set of secondary standard stars that can be used for time series analysis. We find that the donors in Be/X-ray binaries exhibit larger amplitude changes in the magnitudes and colours than those hosting a supergiant companion. The amplitude of variability increases with wavelength in Be/X-ray binaries and remains fairly constant in supergiant systems. When time scales of years are considered, a good correlation between the X-ray and optical variability is observed. The X-rays cease when optical brightness decreases. These results reflect the fact that the circumstellar disk in Be/X-ray binaries is the main source of both optical and X-ray variability. We also derive the colour excess, E(B-V), selecting data at times when the contribution of the circumstellar disk was supposed to be at minimum, and we revisit the distance estimates.
A jet model for Galactic black-hole X-ray sources: the cutoff energy-phase-lag correlation
P. Reig,N. Kylafis
Abstract: Galactic black-hole X-ray binaries emit a compact, optically thick, mildy relativistic radio jet when they are in the hard and hard-intermediate states. In a series of papers, we have developed a jet model and have shown, through Monte Carlo simulations, that our model can explain many observational results. In this work, we investigate one more constraining relationship between the cutoff energy and the phase lag during the early stages of an X-ray outburst of the black-hole X-ray binary GX 339-4: the cutoff energy decreases while the phase lag increases during the brightening of the hard state. We demonstrate that our jet model naturally explains the above correlation, with a minor modification consisting of introducing an acceleration zone at the base of the jet. The observed correlation between the cutoff energy and the phase lag suggests that the lags are produced by the hard component. Here we show that this correlation arises naturally if Comptonization in the jet produces these two quantities.
Accreting magnetars: a new type of high-mass X-ray binaries?
P. Reig,J. M. Torrejon,P. Blay
Abstract: The discovery of very slow pulsations (Pspin=5560s) has solved the long-standing question of the nature of the compact object in the high-mass X-ray binary 4U 2206+54 but has posed new ones. According to spin evolutionary models in close binary systems, such slow pulsations require a neutron star magnetic field strength larger that the quantum critical value, suggesting the presence of a magnetar. We present the first XMM-Newton observations of 4U 2206+54 and investigate its spin evolution. We find that the observed spin-down rate agrees with the magnetar scenario. We analyse ISGRI/INTEGRAL observations of 4U 2206+54 to search for the previously suggested cyclotron resonance scattering feature at ~30 keV. We do not find a clear indication of the presence of the line, although certain spectra display shallow dips, not always at 30 keV. The association of these dips with a cyclotron line is very dubious because of its apparent transient nature. We also investigate the energy spectrum of 4U 2206+54 in the energy range 0.3-10 keV with unprecedented detail and report for the first time the detection of very weak 6.5 keV fluorescence iron lines. The photoelectric absorption is consistent with the interstellar value, indicating very small amount of local matter, which would explain the weakness of the florescence lines. The lack of matter locally to the source may be the consequence of the relatively large orbital separation of the two components of the binary. The wind would be too tenuous in the vicinity of the neutron star.
La vida universitaria y el plan bolonia: Retrato de dos generaciones estudiantiles
Feixa Pàmpols,Carles; Campanera Reig,Mireia;
Utopìa y Praxis Latinoamericana , 2010,
Abstract: the aim of this study is to understand the vision that students at the university of lleida (catalonia, spain) have regarding the university and the city where they spend some essential years of their lives. after a prologue that evokes the recent student movement against the so-called bologna plan, the study outlines a historical and theoretical context about studies of university youth, the methodology utilized is justified, and some data about the local context are expounded. next, the study analyzes the student condition as it is experienced by youth beginning a career (academic and vital) in the university of lleida. the main part of the study focuses on an overview of the spaces and times of their daily lives, listening to what they have to say about the university, its residential and urban areas, as well as their times for study, sociability and recreation, including an assessment of the implementation of new degrees. lastly, visions about the city and the university are approached, including those coming from local students (from lleida) as well as those from students in other catalan cities and other countries. some conclusive remarks are made comparing the university generations of 2000 and 2010.
Carles Feixa Pàmpols,Mireia Campanera Reig
Utopia y Praxis Latinoamericana , 2010,
Abstract: La pretensión de este artículo es captar las visiones que los y las estudiantes de la Universidad de Lleida (Catalu a, Espa a) tienen sobre la universidad y la ciudad donde pasan unos a os primordiales en su vida. Tras un prólogo donde evocamos el recientemovimiento estudiantil contra el denominado Plan Bolonia, esbozamos un marco histórico y teórico sobre los estudios a la juventud universitaria, justificamos la metodología utilizada, y exponemos algunos datos sobre el contexto local.Acontinuación analizamos la condición estudiantil tal como es vivida por los jóvenes que inician una carrera (académica y vital) en la Universidad de Lleida. La parte central del estudio se centra en un recorrido por los espacios y los tiempos de su vida cotidiana, escuchando lo que nos dicen de los espacios universitarios, residenciales y urbanos, y de los tiempos de estudio, sociabilidad y fiesta. Al final abordamos las visiones sobre la ciudad, tanto de los estudiantes locales como de los provenientes de otras localidades catalanas y de otros países, acabando con unas reflexiones conclusivas donde comparamos dos generaciones estudiantiles: la del 2000 y la de 2010.
New insights into the Be/X-ray binary system MXB 0656-072
E. Nespoli,P. Reig,A. Zezas
Abstract: The X-ray transient MXB 0656-072 is a poorly studied member of high-mass X-ray binaries. Based on the transient nature of the X-ray emission, the detection of pulsations, and the early-type companion, it has been classified as a Be X-ray binary (Be/XRB). However, the flaring activity covering a large fraction of a giant outburst is somehow peculiar. Our goal is to investigate the multiwavelength variability of the high-mass X-ray binary MXB 0656-072. We carried out optical spectroscopy and analysed all RXTE archive data, performing a detailed X-ray-colour, spectral, and timing analysis of both normal (type-I) and giant (type-II) outbursts from MXB 0656-072 This is the first detailed analysis of the optical counterpart in the classification region (4000-5000 A). From the strength and ratio of the elements and ions, we derive an O9.5Ve spectral type, in agreement with previous classification. This confirms its Be nature. The characterisation of the Be/XRB system relies on Balmer lines in emission in the optical spectra, long-term X-ray variability, and the orbital period vs. spin period and EW(H\alpha) relation. The peculiar feature that distinguishes the type-II outburst is flaring activity, which occurs during the whole outburst peak, before a smoother decay. We interpret it in terms of magneto-hydrodynamic instability. Colour and spectral analysis reveal a hardening of the spectrum as the flux increases. We explored the aperiodic X-ray variability of the system for the first time, finding a correlation of the central frequency and rms of the main timing component with luminosity, which extends up to a "saturation" flux of 1E-8 erg/cm^2/s. A correlation between timing and spectral parameters was also found, pointing to an interconnection between the two physical regions responsible for both phenomenologies.
Aperiodic variability of low-mass X-ray binaries at very low frequencies
P. Reig,I. Papadakis,N. D. Kylafis
Physics , 2002, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20021693
Abstract: We have obtained discrete Fourier power spectra of a sample of persistent low-mass neutron-star X-ray binaries using long-term light curves from the All Sky Monitor on board the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. Our aim is to investigate their aperiodic variability at frequencies in the range 1 x 10^{-7}-5 x 10^{-6} Hz and compare their properties with those of the black-hole source Cyg X-1. We find that the classification scheme that divides LMXBs into Z and atoll sources blurs at very low frequencies. Based on the long-term (~ years) pattern of variability and the results of power-law fits (P ~ v^{-a}) to the 1 x 10^{-7}-5 x 10^{-6} Hz power density spectra, low-mass neutron-star binaries fall into three categories. Type I includes all Z sources, except Cyg X-2, and the atoll sources GX9+1 and GX13+1. They show relatively flat power spectra (a < 0.9) and low variability (rms < 20%). Type II systems comprise 4U 1636-53, 4U 1735-44 and GX3+1. They are more variable (20% < rms < 30%) and display steeper power spectra (0.9 < a < 1.2) than Type I sources. Type III systems are the most variable (rms > 30%) and exhibit the steepest power spectra (a > 1.2). The sources 4U 1705-44, GX354-0 and 4U 1820-30 belong to this group. GX9+9 and Cyg X-2 appear as intermediate systems in between Type I and II and Type II and III sources, respectively. We speculate that the differences in these systems may be caused by the presence of different types of mass-donor companions. Other factors, like the size of the accretion disc and/or the presence of weak magnetic fields, are also expected to affect their low-frequency X-ray aperiodic varibility.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Gingrich's Glass Jaw
Posted on | February 6, 2012 | 57 Comments
"Mitt Romney won Saturday's Nevada caucuses with his highest portion of a state's vote yet, just over 50%, according to certified results released Monday by the Nevada Republican Party."
— CNN
Remember this headline from Dec. 15?
Billionaire Prepared to Spend $20 Million
on My Blog Newt Gingrich's Campaign
That was the report that Vegas mogul Sheldon Adelson had pledged his wealth in support of Newt's "Winning Our Future" super-PAC. However, the New York Times had another headline Saturday:
Gingrich Patron Could Have a Plan B: Romney
Adelson would be perfectly willing to support Romney as the GOP nominee, and that story also explained that some of Romney's supporters have reached out to Adelson, urging him to pull the plug on Gingrich's campaign. This exposes Newt's glaring weakness: With his campaign's viability so dependent on the super-PAC largesse of a single donor, if Adelson sneezes, Gingrich gets the flu.
Now, let me remind you of what I wrote Friday:
Newt's current "frontrunner" status is far more fragile than it looks.
Newt's campaign can only survive a few more humiliating defeats before it implodes from the enormous weight of its utter implausibility. Whereas by contrast, Santorum has always been a long shot. Santorum's expectations are lower, and he is therefore able to "succeed" with results that would be a bitter disappointment to the supporters of a big-budget frontrunner like Newt.
Gingrich will get stomped Saturday in Nevada. A few weeks from now, when Gingrich's supporters have seen their man defeated over and over, without a significant win since South Carolina, Newt will quit and endorse Romney.
CBS has a report on the billionaires who have given to super-PACs, and Adelson is the only one backing Newt. Given the hints from Adelson, isn't is now obvious why Gingrich will ultimately endorse Romney? Newt wouldn't dare double-cross the patron whose multimillion-dollar donation was the only reason Gingrich wasn't forced to quit after his fourth-place finish in Iowa and his fifth-place finish in New Hampshire.
So, how long until Newt quits? During his bizarre Saturday night Vegas tantrum, Gingrich predicted "he would emerge as the GOP front-runner again by the Texas primary," currently scheduled for April 3.
This was evidently an attempt by Newt to push his make-or-break point past Super Tuesday, March 6. And of course, he vowed to take the fight all the way to the August convention in Tampa.
But has Sheldon Adelson signed off on that plan? Or, as I strongly suspect, is Adelson's multimillion-dollar commitment to the Gingrich campaign likely to end — and his financial support shift to Romney — on or before the morning of March 7? The possibility that Newt might not even make it to Super Tuesday is reflected in this headline:
Tea party leader implores Newt
to get his act together
Will Gingrich and his supporters denounce Judson Philips of Tea Party Nation as part of the "GOP Establishment" and the "elite media"?
No one can say that about Professor Glenn Reynolds, who seems to be supporting someone named "Zeeba."
Category: Election 2012, Newt Gingrich
57 Responses to "Gingrich's Glass Jaw"
February 6th, 2012 @ 10:44 pm
We'll just tell Alito and Roberts to resign then, shall we? Because THAT's what we got for Specter.
Tennwriter
February 7th, 2012 @ 12:28 am
As to Space, R. McEnroe quotes Travis Taylor for 152 Billion. Now, if we are going to completely waste a trillion bucks, I'd rather waste it on the Future than lining some hacks pockets.
The only way I see we get a moon base by using the Orion system which I expect Gingrich knows about. But while that would be great, the likelihood of Ron Paul getting a second term is more likely.
Not too happy with Mitt's lack of vision.
And of course, Stacy's right. Rick is not spending at nearly the burn rate, and THAT MATTERS (for those who've spent lots of time ignoring what Stacy said.)
Santorum has a very good chance.
K-Bob
February 7th, 2012 @ 1:18 am
Santorum was considered #3 in the Republican leadership at the time. If he hadn't endorsed The Spectre, it would have looked very bad for Bush.
This isn't complicated.
Because that's what Caesarians do.
Not to mention, Specter helped Santorum with his 94 campaign "lending"him more experienced, savvy political staff. Barone wrote about this a month ago.
Ol' Arlin.
What a doofus.
"snarlin Arlin" to be exact. He's still a local celebrity in these parts, and is on the local RINOish radio show (Smerconish) .. its kind of funny to hear him give his political "analysis." Sometimes, he veers into Republican territory without realizing it. He says the usual Leftist talking points, but doesn't *hate* the other side like most Leftists do. He'd be more comfortable with the "no labels" crowd.
Be Careful in Richmond, Please


Just installed a second hard drive for video capture,xp see `s it but it does not show up on My Computer or on windows explorer,on device manager its installed an working correctly,i`m expecting it to come up as device H, how do i get to work please?
First off, make sure all the connections are secure and that you main drive is set to master and the new drive set to slave. Make sure the drive is recognised in the Bios.
For proper installation of a drive using Windows XP, simply allow these operating systems to partition and format the drive during the installation of the operating system. Below you will find step-by-step instructions to assist you.
Note: At this time, Western Digital Data Lifeguard Tools will not give all the partitioning options necessary to prepare a drive for installing Windows XP.
1. Set BIOS to AUTO for all IDE devices-Since Windows XP acts as it's own BIOS.
2. Insert the Windows XP CD into the CD-ROM drive and restart the system.
Create the partition size you want by pressing C.
If you are formatting as FAT32 each partition cannot be larger then 32 GB.
If you are formatting as NTFS there is no size limit on partitions and just finish the Windows XP install.
1. Set BIOS to AUTO for all IDE devices.
2. To partition a drive go to control panel.
3. In upper left corner of control panel. Click on "Switch to Classic".
Note: You must use this wizard to write a Signature to the drive otherwise, the hard drive will not work with the Windows XP.
6. Drives are numbered as follows: drive 0 being the boot drive and drive 1-3 are all other drives, (except CD's the first CD is CD 0 the second CD 1 and so forth).
7. After clicking next on first screen you need to select the drive you wish to install in this case Disk 1.
In first screen, you select the drive you are writing the signature to and on the next page you select the drive you are initializing and converting.
8. The next page shows the drive you selected to initialize. Make sure the drive is checked and hit Next.
9. The next page will give you the option to convert the drive, which you do not want to select. Leave drive unchecked and hit Next.
11. Once done, right click in the unallocated space of the drive-this is what Windows XP calls un-partitioned space.
12. Then click on create partition.
13. A new wizard pops up:Create Partition Wizard-next to continue.
14. On the next page select either Primary, Extended or a Logical Partition and click next to continue.
16. Next format the drive and select the type of format (NTFS or FAT32). Leave allocation unit size at default & label the drive as desired.
17. Edit the partition size, and if using FAT32. Don't create anything larger then 32GB.
The one partition you have should cover the entire disk. As it's a "fresh" disk, the drive won't be fragmented and theoretically new files should be saved at the start of the drive (this is the quickest part as the disc spins faster at this point - well, strictly speaking it spins at the same rate, but the seek time is quicker as the drive doesn't have to spin as much. Hmmm, haven't explained that too well, but the START of the drive is the quickest).
You should check that DMA is enabled on your drive. Theres a post on the forums somewhere about enabling DMA - but in think it's on the old forums. Der, haven't really been much help with that, but Google should be able to answer that!
I know exactly what you going through! I had the same problem recently.
First off make sure your new drive is fitted properly and that the BIOS can see it. If you don't know how, have a look at your motherboard manual.
Now boot into windows and go to control pannel> system >hardware >device manager >disk drives, click on the plus sign and you should see your new drive. If not the hardware is not installed properly. shut down and check connections and bios again.
Now you've checked the drive is being recognised you need to partition and format it.
In contol panel select admin tools >computer management and click on disk management. You should see all your drives in the window on the right, including the new one. Right click on the new drive and you'll options to format and partition your new drive.


text:
Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension
Andy Clark, Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension, Oxford University Press, 2008, 286pp., $35.00 (hbk), ISBN 9780195333213.
Reviewed by Lawrence Shapiro, University of Wisconsin-Madison and Shannon Spaulding, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Andy Clark's Supersizing the Mind begins as a manifesto in which the components of an embodied theory of mind are carefully moved into place, proceeds to a defense of these components from recent critical attacks, and ends with words of caution to those who would seek to extract too much from the embodied perspective. Readers unfamiliar with Clark's earlier works are likely to find the result dazzling -- an exciting, novel, and coherent conception of the mind that dares one to abandon nearly every vestige of a comfortably Cartesian view of mind. Of course, philosophers of mind have, for the most part, already jettisoned the idea that minds are an ethereal sort of non-physical substance. We can now assert with no great temerity that Descartes was wrong about that. Even so, one might still agree with Descartes that minds are in some sense distinct from bodies. They are, as it were, in the head. Yet, if Clark's case for embodiment is on track, minds are not in the head. The supervenience base for a mind (and not simply mental content) can include pieces of the extracranial body and, indeed, objects in the world beyond.
Part One of the book, "From Embodiment to Cognitive Extension," lays out the manifesto. Those who have read Clark's earlier Being There (1997) or have kept abreast of his more recent articles will find some of this material familiar. There's the idea from Rodney Brooks' pioneering exploration of mobile robots, as well as Dana Ballard's theory of deictic pointers, that agents can use the world as its own best model, rather than having to go to the expense of constructing detailed internal representations. "Bodily actions," Clark tells us, "here appear as among the means by which certain … computational and representational operations are implemented. The difference is just that operations are realized not in the neural system alone but in the whole embodied system located in the world" (p. 14). There is also the idea of scaffolding. Cognitive agents alter their environments in an effort to enhance their cognitive capacities. These augmented cognitive capacities in turn suggest further modifications of the environment, generating still greater cognitive abilities, leading to even further environmental modifications, and so on. "The cumulative complexity here is genuinely quite staggering. We do not just self-engineer better worlds to think in. We self-engineer ourselves to think and perform better in the worlds we find ourselves in" (p. 59). And there is fascinating new material, such as a discussion of a monkey trained to move a distant robot arm with just its thoughts. After training, the monkey's cortical representation of its body has expanded to incorporate the arm's extent. On Clark's view, this happening suffices to show that the monkey is a profoundly embodied creature: it is "highly engineered to be able to learn to make maximal problem-simplifying use of an open-ended variety of internal, bodily, or external sources of order" (p. 42).
Of course, many will see the evidence Clark assembles for embodiment to be easily, and perhaps more naturally, interpretable in other ways. For instance, why not retain the traditional view that minds are "in the head" and explain Ballard's work with deictic pointers as showing that minds are skilled at using the environment in place of detailed internal representations? Why take the further step of insisting that pieces of the world to which the subject saccades become literally parts of the visual process? Use of a hammer, after all, does not entail that the hammer becomes literally part of the arm. Similarly, so what if the monkey's cortical representation of its body comes to incorporate the robotic arm? How does this possibly imply that the mind extends beyond the brain?
Clark is aware of these complaints, saying of cases like the monkey's that they reveal the mind (at least in the case of primates) as "forever testing and exploring the possibilities for incorporating new resources and structures deep into their embodied acting and problem-solving regimes … On this account, the body is both critically important and constantly negotiable" (p. 42). But this response does little to ease the skeptic's frustration. To be sure, the skeptic might press, the body is critically important for cognition. And it is interesting, the skeptic might continue, that the mind can adjust to variation in the body's morphology. But there's still a mind, and still a body, and little reason to think that the boundaries between the two are partial, porous, or pliable.
Part Two of Supersizing the Mind, "Boundary Disputes," mounts a more thorough and convincing defense of the ideas that Part One has introduced. Adams and Aizawa (2008) in particular, but Rupert (2004) as well, have challenged Clark on a number of fronts. A persistent criticism involves Clark and Chalmers' claims for Otto, a victim of a disease that causes forgetfulness, who resorts to a notebook to remember facts such as the location of a museum (conveniently, Clark includes the article from which the example is drawn, "The Extended Mind," in an appendix). On Clark and Chalmers' view, if Otto's relation to the information in the notebook is similar enough to an ordinary person's (they call her Inga) relation to dispositional beliefs, then the notebook entries are, literally, among Otto's dispositional beliefs. Parts of Otto's mind thus exist outside his brain.
In response, critics of extended cognition have argued that the cognitive routines involving biological memory and those involving external stores of information are importantly different. Adams and Aizawa and Rupert point to phenomena like the primacy effect and negative transfer as features distinctive of the cognitive routines of biological memory and point out that these effects would not exist for notebook entries. This shows that Otto's relation to the notebook entries is not, after all, similar to a normal person's relation to dispositional beliefs. But, Clark rejoins,
[the] claim was not that the processes in Otto and Inga are identical, or even similar, in terms of their detailed implementation. It is simply that, with respect to the role that the long-term encodings play in guiding current response, both modes of storage can be seen as supporting dispositional beliefs. It is the way the information is poised to guide reasoning … and behavior that counts. (p. 96)
Two questions arise here: First, why is fine-grained similarity not required to show that Otto's dispositional beliefs exist in his notebook? Second, if we accept that what matters is merely coarse similarity between Otto and Inga, how much coarseness is permissible before having to give up the idea that the items in Otto's notebook really are beliefs?
With regard to the first question, Clark repeatedly claims that the argument for extended cognition was never meant to hinge on fine-grained similarity (pp. 88, 96-97, 99). Clark asks us to imagine creatures with memory processes quite distinct from those in a normal human being. Clark asserts that we would not deny that these creatures have dispositional beliefs merely because their cognitive processes are unlike our own. Thus, detailed similarity is not a necessary condition for being a cognitive process, and Adams and Aizawa, as well as Rupert, have been throwing punches at a straw man.
There is, however, a lacuna here. Clark argues against the claim that fine-grained similarity is a necessary condition for regarding an extended process as cognitive, but the critic may still respond that sameness of coarse-grained similarity is insufficient. But suppose we accept the sufficiency claim. This takes us to the second question: if we accept that what matters is only a rough parity between Otto's and Inga's cognitive processes, is Clark right that even this rough parity exists? This is not so clear. There are important differences between Otto and Inga, e.g., Otto's "remembering" involves perception -- reading the entries in his notebook -- whereas Inga's memory does not. Also, according to the standard folk psychological conception of dispositional beliefs, dispositional beliefs can affect our behavior without ever becoming occurrent, but this seems impossible for the entries in Otto's notebook. Moreover, our beliefs are updated automatically and this updating immediately results in the updating of a host of other beliefs, but this is not the case for Otto and his notebook. Finally, as Gertler (2007) has argued, if, as arguably the folk do, we conceive of introspection as necessarily first-person only, then the public accessibility of Otto's beliefs suggests that they cannot be introspected.
Clark may well wave aside all these differences between Otto and Inga's dispositional beliefs. "Just more details -- nothing significant," he might say. But now push comes to shove, for as the differences mount, the task of defending the claim that the entries in Otto's notebook are genuine beliefs becomes much more arduous. On the other hand, maybe whether the notebook entries are genuine beliefs or mere ersatz beliefs should not matter too much. What really matters to Clark is establishing that minds extend. Perhaps rather than biting so many bullets Clark should pursue a different sort of strategy: characterize more generally the conditions for something to count as mental and then show that Otto's notebook entries qualify. Clark, however, has been loath to say anything precise about why particular states should count as mental states, rebuffing on many occasions Adams and Aizawa's insistence that he must do so before passing judgment on the Otto case.
Part Three, "The Limits of Embodiment," finds Clark reining in the ambitions of some who, he believes, have pushed the embodied perspective beyond its proper scope, or have misunderstood some of its consequences. Alva Noë, for instance, goes wrong in attributing too much dependence of perceptual experience on features of the body. In a number of important papers with his collaborator J. Kevin O'Regan, as well as in his Action in Perception (2004), Noë has promoted the idea that perception is a function of (implicit) knowledge of sensorimotor contingencies (or dependencies). The world appears as it does, Noë argues, in virtue of an organism's knowledge of how its particular sensory organs are affected by the world, and how the stimulation affecting its sensory organs changes as a result of its actions on the world -- simple actions such as movement through the world or more complicated ones involving manipulations of objects in the world. This knowledge of sensorimotor contingencies, Noë argues, both determines the contents of perception and suffices to distinguish the various modes of perception.
Clark, despite his sympathies for Noë's general approach to perception, nevertheless thinks Noë goes too far in claiming that any difference in sensorimotor capacities would entail a difference in perceptual content. Noë, on Clark's view, is guilty of sensorimotor chauvinism, where such a chauvinist "holds, without compelling reason, that absolute sameness of perceptual experience requires absolute sameness of fine-grained sensorimotor profile" (p. 177). Why not suppose, Clark reasonably asks, that some perceptual experience is insensitive to differences in sensorimotor contingencies, allowing the possibility that organisms with different perceptual systems, or different modes of interacting with the world, may nevertheless have quite similar perceptual experiences?
Clark criticizes Shapiro for drawing from the embodied cognition literature a conclusion similar to Noë's. In The Mind Incarnate (2004), Shapiro argued that embodied cognition presents a challenge to the standard functionalist conception of mind, according to which minds are body-neutral, meaning that it should be possible to characterize the properties of a mind independently of the body and brain that realizes it. Rather, Shapiro observed, research in embodied cognition suggests that bodies matter in ways that functionalists tend to deny, to the extent that organisms with gross morphological differences would similarly display mental differences. However, Clark counters, one might imagine very different sorts of bodies with different sorts of sensory organs that, as a result of compensatory activities, end up producing identical perceptual experiences. What matters to the organisms' mental properties is that each organism "implements the same extended computational process" (p. 203), and this is possible even despite quite significant diversity in bodily form.
A curious feature of Clark's response to Shapiro is its apparent endorsement of precisely the sort of body-neutrality that Shapiro thought was adverse to the embodied perspective. If all that matters to minds are computational processes, or if minds just are particular sorts of computational processes, one must begin to wonder about the novelty of embodied cognition. Functionalists, as will be known by those who remember Ned Block's example of a nation that realizes a mind, would have no difficulty accepting the possibility that minds extend beyond heads. Is Clark simply recounting in greater detail how this might be true?
Critical as this review has been, we hope as well to have conveyed the excitement of the ideas that Clark has done us the great favor of developing. Supersizing the Mind is tantalizing in many respects, and Clark's ingenuity is always on display. Just as his earlier Being There launched many a research project, we expect that Supersizing the Mind will inspire a new generation of philosophers, psychologists, and artificial intelligence researchers to reconsider some basic assumptions about the mind. This is always the way of progress.
Adams, F. and K. Aizawa (2008), The Bounds of Cognition, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Clark, A. (1997), Being There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again, Cambridge, MA: MIT press.
Gertler, B. (2007), "Overextending the Mind?" in Arguing About the Mind, eds. B. Gertler and L. Shapiro, New York: Routledge, pp. 192-206.
Noë, A. (2004), Action in Perception, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Rupert, R. (2004), "Challenges to the Hypothesis of Extended Cognition," Journal of Philosophy, 101, 8, 389-428.
Shapiro, L. (2004), The Mind Incarnate, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.


In the Esquilino district a few steps from the Colosseum, a quiet and luminous loft equipped with all comforts, includes a small balcony overlooking the beautiful internal courtyard with fruit trees and palms. Located in downtown Rome, but far away from the noisy streets, you will wake up to singing birds. A few meters down the street you have the Metro station Manzoni takes you to Termini station in 2 min, the Trevi fountain in 4 min, the Spanish Steps in 6 min and The Vatican City in 11 min.
50mt from the Metro station Manzoni, in the Esquilino district a few steps from the Colosseum, a quiet and luminous loft equipped with all comforts, includes a small balcony overlooking the beautiful internal courtyard with fruit trees and palms. Located in downtown Rome, but far away from the noisy streets, you will wake up to singing birds. The Metro station Manzoni takes you to Termini station in 2 min, the Trevi fountain in 4 min, the Spanish Steps in 6 min and The Vatican City in 11 min.
Gioia Maria is a Superhost · Superhosts are experienced, highly rated hosts who are committed to providing great stays for guests.
Sono Gioia, mi piace il teatro, leggere e nuotare. Con la mia amica Francesca vi accoglieremo nella mia deliziosa casetta nel cuore di Roma facendo in modo che non vi manchi niente.


text:
Monday March 11, 4:25 pm Eastern Time
Universal Pictures to Premiere 20th Anniversary Version of Steven Spielberg's 'E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial' March 16 at Los Angeles' Shrine Auditorium
With Full Live Score-to-Film Orchestral Accompaniment by John Williams
Premiere to Benefit Special Olympics
WHAT:           Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment unveil the
20th anniversary version of Steven Spielberg's masterpiece
"E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial" at a once-in-a-lifetime event
with five-time Academy Award(R)-winning composer
John Williams conducting a 100-piece orchestra in a live
score-to-film performance of his Grammy and
Oscar(R)-winning score -- the first time in history a
non-silent film has been presented in its entirety with
live full orchestral accompaniment.  A benefit for
Special Olympics, the special premiere screening will be
immediately followed by a gala reception at the
Shrine Exhibition Hall.  Presenting sponsor Eastman Kodak
Company and associate sponsor Toyota Motor Sales USA join
Universal in hosting this unique benefit premiere.
WHO:            "E.T." cast members Dee Wallace Stone, Peter Coyote,
Drew Barrymore, Henry Thomas, Robert MacNaughton and
C. Thomas Howell, director-producer Steven Spielberg,
producer Kathleen Kennedy, screenwriter Melissa Mathison,
production supervisor Frank Marshall,
composer John Williams.
PLUS Naomi Watts, Carrie Fisher, Maria Shriver and
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Amy Brenneman, Jessica Capshaw,
Eddie Griffin, Alyson Hannigan, Catherine Keener,
Jane Krakowski, Damon Wayans, Michael Richards, Kelly Hu,
Bruce Davison, Rebekah Del Rio, Jessica Alba,
Christian Bale, Robert Forster, Melissa Joan Hart,
Marilu Henner, Chris McCarron, Parker McKenna Posey,
Blair Underwood, Stacy Keach, Martin Landau, Alexa Vega,
WHERE:          The Shrine Auditorium
665 W. Jefferson Blvd., Los Angeles
WHEN:           Saturday, March 16, 2002
1 PM    Call-time for Crews
2 PM    Celebrity Arrivals
4 PM    Screening Begins -- Celebration in Exposition Hall
Immediately Follows
COORDINATES:    TBD
"E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial" will be re-released in theaters nationwide on
Friday, March 22 with never-before-seen footage, state-of-the-art
computer-generated enhancements and a digitally-remixed soundtrack.
CONTACTS:       Television, William Hendley, +1-818-777-1392,
Print, Amanda Scholer, +1-818-777-0641, Photographers,
Bette Einbinder, +1-818-777-3226, or On-Line,
Hilary Hattenbach, +1-818-777-1773, all of


text:
8 Elements of Compatibility for Healthy Relationships
If you're wondering whether you and your partner have the compatibility to make your relationship last, take a look at these eight elements of healthy relationship compatibility.
BySheila Blagg, Contributor
Certified Divorce Mediator, Relationship Expert and owner/creator of Divorce2Dating.com
08/12/2014 03:41pm EDT | Updated October 12, 2014
If you're looking to measure the health and potential of your relationship, look at these eight factors for compatibility.
Every relationship is wholly unique, but there are some common elements that good, healthy, long-lasting relationships share. If you're wondering whether you and your partner have the compatibility to make your relationship last, take a look at these eight elements of healthy relationship compatibility:
1. Conversation. Is it you or your partner who does most of the talking in your relationship? While some relationships naturally favor one person speaking over the other, there should be some level of balance between the two of you initiating and maintaining conversations.
2. Intimacy. Sexual intimacy is important for a healthy relationship -- but not in the same way for every couple. What's important is that you both have the same level of satisfaction with your sex life -- whether that means being intimate daily or hardly ever.
3. Relaxation. What one person finds relaxing, the other should at least find tolerable. That is to say, one person can't feel restless at home but comfortable at a busy bar while the other person feels the total opposite.
4. Ambition. You don't have to share the same ambitions, but there should be some level of mutual goal planning. Are you, as a couple, more focused on building a stable career, or more focused on enjoying life as it comes to you?
5. Philosophy. You don't have to share the same political or religious affiliations, but you should share what's truly important in life.
6. Interests. Interests won't make or break your relationship, but sharing interests and hobbies is a great indicator of a potentially long-lasting relationship.
7. Respect. Respect should be an immediate given. Even if you have arguments from time to time, the true measure of how compatible you are as partners is how much respect you hold for each other, even in times of frustration.
8. Passion. That goofy lovestruck feeling might not last forever, but you should always feel passionate about your relationship in a way that makes you feel proud and attached to your relationship.
If you experience all eight of these compatibility factors, odds are you're in a relationship with potential to last for many years.
divorcesingle womenDatingsingle parentssingle dads
Sheila Blagg, Contributor
MORE IN Divorce


"A 33-day trip across the South Atlantic seeing micro-plastics in every ocean sample, changed the course of my life."
"We hold retreats in spaces that offer raw nature, stripped down from things like wifi and the normal day to day distractions."
"Marine Algae (seaweed) are vitally important to the health of the oceans and need our considered regard to remain robust as the oceans warm and come under siege."
"Being exposed to the human impacts on the environment, specifically the ocean, sparked a lifelong desire to protect our blue planet."
"I realized that changing our lifestyle to be respectful of our beautiful planet is also a way to be happier everyday."


text:
Home » Lifestyle » Durian Candy Poisoned More Than 1,000 People
Durian Candy Poisoned More Than 1,000 People
By Gilbert | August 9, 2015
The operation of the company making the Durian Candy was ordered
closed by the authorities after more than 1,000 residents were
poisoned.
The Davao City Health office temporarily ordered the halting of
operation of Wendy's Durian Candy.
Wendy's Durian Candy label was found on the wrapper of the
Durian Candy which poisoned more than 1,000 residents of Surigao
Del Sur and Kidapawan City.
The Davao City Health office took samples of Durian Candy from
the manufacturer and sent to the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
of the Philippines to be tested and compared against those Durian
Candy which poisoned the residents.
FDA's former name is BFAD or Bureau of Food and Drugs.It is an Agency under the Department of Health.FDA's job is to license, monitor, and regulate the flow of food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, and household hazardous waste in the Philippines. The FDA's main goal is to ensure the health and safety of food and drugs made available to the public.
The Davao City Health Office observed that the wrapper of the
Durian Candy obtained from the manufacturer was different from
the wrapper of the Durian Candy eaten by the residents which
caused them to be poisoned.
The Durian Candy manufacturer believes that the company's
expired Durian Candy may perhaps been repacked by someone
and sold to the victims of food poisoning.
8 persons who sold the Durian Candy have been arrested and they
said that they are not aware of the dangers of selling expired
candies.
The Police is now getting affidavits from the victims which
will be used to support the case that the Police will file
before the Prosecutor's office.
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Who is Amihan?


text:
Lewis A. Lee
LEWIS ALTEMUS LEE was born on July 11, 1879 to Howard Lee and his wife Martha, who operated a stationary business called Lee & Company at 406 Federal Street, and a house furnishings store at 336 Federal Street in Camden. He was the youngest of three children, coming after brother Walter W. Lee and sister Emma Lee. As a young man he was well-known as a baseball player, covering first base for the Camden Wheelmen around the turn of the century. His father Howard Lee and uncle William C. Lee were both charter members of the Camden Fire Department, uncle Richard H. Lee had been a Colonel during the Civil Was and served as Camden's postmaster for sixteen years, and his uncle Joseph C. Lee had also been a Colonel in the Civil War and had worked as court clerk in Camden. The Thomas M.K. Lee Post No. 5 of the G.A.R. in Camden was named after another uncle, Thomas M.K. Lee.
When Louis Lee was born the family lived at 406 Federal Street. By 1887 and into the early 1890s the family resided at 596 Carman Street. By 1900 they had moved to 447 Benson Street. The 1906 City Directory shows him living with his parents at 447 Benson Street. A veteran of the Spanish-American War, in 1909 he was offered a job in the Camden Board of Health office, sponsored by Dr. Henry H. Davis, for whom the Henry H. Davis Elementary School, and Dr. Marcus K. Mines. Lewis A. Lee was still living with his parents on Benson Street when the Census was taken in 1910.
Lewis A. Lee was married to Johanna Caroline "Lena" Ahrens on June 25, 1913 at First Methodist Episcopal Church at South 6th Street and Stevens Street by the Rev. Holmes Gravatt. The 1914 Camden City Directory shows him living in Parkside at 1125 Princess Avenue. His draft card, dated September 6, 1918, reveals that he was living at 1393 Baird Avenue. The 1920 Census shows he owned the home, and that he and his wife, brother-in-law and mother-in-law all lived at that address. During his time on Baird Avenue. his next door neighbor at 1391 Baird was Thomas Walton. Both men were active members of the Thirteenth Ward Republican Club.
Lewis A. Lee and his family remained on Baird Avenue through at least the spring of 1930. His wife passed away in 1941. By the following year he moved to the home of his sister Emma at 1155 Kenwood Avenue, where he would reside until his death in 1951.
In a career that spanned 40 years, Lewis Lee issued over 10,000 marriage licenses, before retiring on June 2, 1949. His last position with the city was that of Chief Clerk and Registrar in the Health Department.
Lewis A. Lee was a member of Camden Lodge 293 of the Benevolet Protective Order of Elks, and of the Thirteenth Ward Republican Club.
Lewis A. Lee passed away at Cooper Hospital in Camden NJ on July 17, 1951. He is buried at Harleigh Cemetery in Camden. His pallbearers included former Judge Rudolph S. Ayres, Urquhart Ward, Dr. David D. Helm, Samuel Norcross, William Cotter, and William White.
Camden Daily Telegram - December 10, 1914
COUNCILMAN GORDON SOMEWHAT IMPROVED
Very favorable is the report that came from Councilman Robert Gordon's sick room this morning. It stated the popular official, who has been desperately ill with pneumonia, had taken a turn for the better and that those in attendance feel very hopeful of the future. For several days his condition had been such as to make the anxious members of his family feel apprehensive; and the fact that he has rallied now is a source of great gratification.
Councilman George Schneider, who was ill with typhoid fever, was reported to be in a favorable condition and his recovery is anticipated.
Another official on the sick list, Sidewalk Inspector Richard J. Richardson, is still very ill with neuralgia of the heart, and Record Clerk "Lou" Lee of the Board of Health, who has developed a very excellent case of chickenpox, is getting along very nicely..
World War I Draft Card
Camden Courier-Post - June 2, 1933
'June Bride' Season' Opens as 5 Couples Seek Licenses Here
Dan Cupid Gets Flying Start With Bow And Arrow
Dan Cupid scored five "hits" in Camden yesterday as the month of June brides and roses began, Lewis A. Lee, chief clerk in the city health bureau, received applications from:
Robert Alberts, 31, of Billingsport avenue, Paulsboro, and Helen Graczyk, 23, of 1581 South Tenth street;
Warren A. Spruill, 22, of 3522 Farragut Avenue, and Alice V. Slemmer, 20, of' 1189 North Thirty-sixth street;
Otto Buschmann, 46, and Bertha Schafer, 26, both of 814 Locust Street, Germantown, Pa, John Anderson, 40, and Jessie Evans, 44, both of 322 Division Street;
Samuel G. Clark, 28, of 906 Grant avenue, West Collingswood, and Virginia R. Watson, 22, of 3129 Atlanta road.
World War II Draft Card
Camden Courier-Post - July 14, 1951


The envy of every other boot in the boot room, the Explorer Joan keeps you warm and dry without weighing you down. Suede and leather upper takes the shape of your foot, and provides waterproof yet breathable protection for snowy wanders. Faux-fur collar and lightweight insulation lend warmth to your winter walks to the store. And to the bakery, climbing gym, movie theatre... good thing the cushy midsole softens every step. A grippy sole helps you keep your balance on ice and snow.
Upper is suede and full-grain leather.
100g synthetic insulation is warm and lightweight.
Removable EVA footbed with microfleece topcover.
Outsole is lightweight EVA with moulded rubber pods for traction and durability.


Krrish Provence Estate is one of the luxurious residential developments by Krrish Group located at Gwal Pahari, Gurgaon-Faridabad Road, Gurgaon, Harayana. It spreads over 13 acres with 2 acres of dense green forest. The project comprises Hi-End Luxury apartments and penthouses for a few privileged ones i.e 4 blocks of 24 storeys offering options of 4 -5 BHK ranging from 5800-10000 sq. ft.
Low Density : Only 176 families will reside in this 13 acres hi-end development along with breathtaking Landscape.
Just 2 apartments on each floor and terrace garden within residential unit.
Easiest connectivity to Delhi and Gurgaon.
World Class Amenities with Personal Gym for each penthouse and Plunge pool for each apartment and penthouse.
Recreational facilities for a healthy and joyful life includes Club, Spa, Open Air Theatre, Adventure play zone, Children's Pool and Youth Corner.
Furnishing with world class amenities such as Modular kitchen, Italian flooring and Sanitary ware equivalent to Kohler/American Standard/Grohe.
All the towers will be overlooking TERI Golf Course and will have a 360° breathtaking landscape view.


text:
Tommi Mäkinen
This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful.
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Tommi Antero Mäkinen (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈtommi ˈmækinen]; born 26 June 1964) is a Finnish racing executive and former driver. He is the team principal of the Toyota Gazoo Racing team, which competes in the World Rally Championship (WRC).
A retired Mäkinen signing autographs during a visit to Rally Finland in 2004.
(1964-06-26) 26 June 1964 (age 55)
Palokka-Puuppola, Finland
World Rally Championship record
Active years
Kaj Lindström
Risto Mannisenmäki
Seppo Harjanne
Timo Hantunen
Nissan, Mitsubishi, Subaru World Rally Team
4 (1996, 1997, 1998, 1999)
Rally wins
Stage wins
First rally
1987 1000 Lakes Rally
First win
Last win
2002 Monte Carlo Rally
Last rally
2003 Rally Great Britain
Mäkinen is one of the most successful WRC drivers of all time, ranking fifth in wins (24) and third in championships (4), tied with Juha Kankkunen behind Sébastien Ogier (6) and Sébastien Loeb (9). In 2018, as a head of Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT, he became the first person in the history of rally driving to win a Championship both as a driver and as a team principal.[1]
He is a four-time World Rally Champion, a series he first won, and then successfully defended, continuously throughout 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999, on all occasions driving the Ralliart Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution. He also aided Mitsubishi to the 1998 world constructors' title as well as winning the 2000 Race of Champions. Mäkinen's navigators include compatriots Seppo Harjanne, Kaj Lindström and Risto Mannisenmäki, the former retiring from alongside Mäkinen having previously served 1985 champion, and fellow "Flying Finn", Peugeot's Timo Salonen.
3 WRC victories
4 WRC results
Mäkinen won the Group N Finnish Rally Championship driving a Lancia Delta HF 4WD in 1988. Mäkinen's first world rally win came on the 1994 1000 Lakes Rally (now Neste Rally Finland), in a Ford Escort RS Cosworth. Mäkinen proved a late developer by the standards of some in rallying circles, only nabbing his first full-time manufacturer seat in a Group A formula Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution alongside former Group A rally champion Swede Kenneth Eriksson, in 1995 - but success was to prove spontaneous thereafter.
A cultured Safari Rally win in 1996 proved the platform on which to build a dominant championship lead, which he consolidated by taking the title in Australia, away from runner-up, Subaru's Colin McRae - a long-time rival. He proceeded to win every drivers' title for Mitsubishi from 1996 to 1999. The Mitsubishi team, with the Finn and young Briton Richard Burns among its driver personnel, also won its sole manufacturers' championship in 1998, while late that same year, the licensed Tommi Mäkinen Rally video game was also released. In 2000, despite opening his campaign with victory on the January Monte Carlo Rally, Mäkinen finally relinquished his grasp on the title, being beaten in the standings by new title holder and fellow Finn, Marcus Grönholm. That year Mitsubishi produced a 'Tommi Mäkinen edition' of the road version of the Lancer Evolution VI to commemorate his previous title successes. This car had a different front bumper than the regular Evolution VI, while some models also featured a red and white paint job to closely resemble Mäkinen's rally car.[2]
Mäkinen with a Mitsubishi Lancer Evo at the 2001 Rally Finland.
Mäkinen remained with Mitsubishi until the end of the 2001 season, having finished third in that year's standings behind Burns and McRae, by now respectively drivers for Subaru and Ford - but not before the inauspicious introduction of team's first ever World Rally Car on the San Remo Rally. Mäkinen and teammate Freddy Loix struggled with the car before the Finn's crash on the mountainside roads of the following round in Corsica was responsible for breaking co-driver Mannisenmäki's back and in doing so, virtually ended his top-line career. The Finn was forced to fare with substitute co-drivers for the remaining events in Australia (with Timo Hantunen) and Great Britain, the latter of which he retired from, helping Burns to claim the championship.
Mäkinen achieved his last victory with Subaru.
A move to the Prodrive-run Subaru World Rally Team for 2002 as replacement for Burns (who had chosen to drive a works Peugeot 206 WRC alongside Grönholm for his title defence) yielded one more, final career victory, on the 2002 Monte Carlo Rally where a technical infringement committed by on-the-road winner, and emerging talent, Sébastien Loeb, allowed Mäkinen to upstage the Frenchman. But his form then took a dive and he was not to add again to his tally of world titles.
He retired from the sport after the 2003 season, ending his WRC career on the podium with third place on that seasons final rally, Rally Great Britain.
In 2004 he established his own company named Tommi Mäkinen Racing Oy Ltd with the aim to prepare rally cars and provide support to drivers.[3]
In 2016, Mäkinen became the team principal of the Toyota Gazoo Racing, which is the factory team of Toyota and competes in the World Rally Championship (WRC). In 2018, the team managed to win the World Rally Championship earning Toyota their first manufacturers' title since 1999.[4]
Mäkinen was born in Puuppola, near Jyväskylä, Finland. From 1999, he has lived in both Monaco and Jyväskylä. He is married, with two children.
WRC victoriesEdit
44th 1000 Lakes Rally 1994 Seppo Harjanne Ford Escort RS Cosworth
45th International Swedish Rally 1996 Seppo Harjanne Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 3
44th Safari Rally Kenya 1996 Seppo Harjanne Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 3
16º Rally Argentina 1996 Seppo Harjanne Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 3
46th Neste 1000 Lakes Rally 1996 Seppo Harjanne Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 3
9th API Rally Australia 1996 Seppo Harjanne Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 3
30º TAP Rallye de Portugal 1997 Seppo Harjanne Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 4
33º Rallye Catalunya-Costa Brava (Rallye de España) 1997 Seppo Harjanne Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 4
47th Neste Rally Finland 1997 Seppo Harjanne Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 4
47th International Swedish Rally 1998 Risto Mannisenmäki Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 4
18º Rally Argentina 1998 Risto Mannisenmäki Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 5
48th Neste Rally Finland 1998 Risto Mannisenmäki Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 5
40º Rallye Sanremo - Rallye d'Italia 1998 Risto Mannisenmäki Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 5
11th API Rally Australia 1998 Risto Mannisenmäki Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 5
67ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 1999 Risto Mannisenmäki Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 6
29th Rally New Zealand 1999 Risto Mannisenmäki Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 6
69ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 2001 Risto Mannisenmäki Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 6.5
35º TAP Rallye de Portugal 2001 Risto Mannisenmäki Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 6.5
49th Safari Rally Kenya 2001 Risto Mannisenmäki Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 6.5
70ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 2002 Kaj Lindström Subaru Impreza WRC2001
WRC resultsEdit
Lancia Delta HF 4WD
MON SWE POR KEN FRA GRC USA NZL ARG FIN
Ret CIV ITA GBR
Tommi Mäkkinen
Ret CIV ITA
Mu-Uutiset 4 Rombi Corse
Ret MON POR KEN FRA GRC NZL ARG FIN
Ret AUS ITA CIV GBR
Pro Sport Rally Team
Mitsubishi Galant VR-4
MON POR KEN FRA GRC NZL
6 ARG FIN
13 CIV GBR
Promoracing Finland
Ford Sierra RS Cosworth 4x4
MON SWE
Ret KEN FRA GRC
Ret ARG
Mazda Rally Team Europe
Mazda 323 GTX
5 AUS ITA CIV ESP GBR
Nissan Motorsports Europe
Nissan Sunny GTI-R
9 SWE POR
Ret KEN FRA GRC NZL ARG FIN
Ret AUS ITA CIV ESP GBR
Lancia Delta HF Integrale
4 POR KEN FRA GRE
6 ARG NZL FIN
4 AUS ITA ESP GBR
Nissan F2
Nissan Sunny GTI
MON POR
Ret KEN FRA GRE ARG NZL GBR
Mitsubishi Ralliart
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo II
4 SWE
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo III
POR FRA
8 NZL
1 KEN
1 IDN
Ret GRE
5 1st 123
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IV
1 GRE
Ret FIN
6 1st 63
Ret SWE
Ret 1st 58
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo V
Ret NZL
Marlboro Mitsubishi Ralliart
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo VI
DSQ POR
Ret CHN
4 CYP
DSQ GBR
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 6.5
8 3rd 41
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo VII WRC
555 Subaru World Rally Team
Subaru Impreza WRC2001
Ret CYP
Ret KEN
International Rally Championship
^ "Tommi Mäkinen on rallin Midas – näin Puuppolan päälliköstä tuli historiallinen maailmanmestari Toyotan tallipäällikkönä". Aamulehti (in Finnish). 18 November 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
^ "Trackside - Lancer Evo returns to rallying". AutoTrader.co.uk. 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-18.
^ "Tommi Mäkinen Racing – a former rally driver now champions wood heating" (PDF). VTT Technical research centre of Finland. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
^ Van Leeuwen, Andrew (18 November 2018). "Rally Australia: Latvala wins as Ogier, Toyota claim WRC titles". autosport.com. Motorsport Network. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tommi Mäkinen.
Tommi Mäkinen Racing Ltd.
Toyota Gazoo Razing
Colin McRae Autosport
International Rally Driver Award
1996, 1997 (shared with Colin McRae), 1998, 1999 Succeeded by
Richard Burns
Sporting positions
Colin McRae World Rally Champion
1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 Succeeded by
Marcus Grönholm
Inaugural event Race of Champions
1999 with:
JJ Lehto
Kari Tiainen Succeeded by
Régis Laconi
Yvan Muller
Gilles Panizzi
Didier Auriol Race of Champions
Harri Rovanperä
Juha Kankkunen
(1979, 1982–2002, 2010) Most Rally wins
24 wins,
24th at the 2002 Monte Carlo Rally Succeeded by
25th at the 2002 Safari Rally
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tommi_Mäkinen&oldid=932240485"


An engaging and unabashedly opinionated examination of what translation is and isn't.
For some, translation is the poor cousin of literature, a necessary evil if not an outright travesty — summed up by the old Italian play on words, traduttore, traditore (translator, traitor). For others, translation is the royal road to cross-cultural understanding and literary enrichment. In this nuanced and provocative study, Mark Polizzotti attempts to reframe the debate along more fruitful lines. Eschewing both these easy polarities and the increasingly abstract discourse of translation theory, he brings the main questions into clearer focus: What is the ultimate goal of a translation? What does it mean to label a rendering «faithful»? (Faithful to what?) Is something inevitably lost in translation, and can something also be gained? Does translation matter, and if so, why? Unashamedly opinionated, both a manual and a manifesto, his book invites usto sympathize with the translator not as a «traitor» but as the author's creative partner.


text:
The role of the CISO, the CIO and the Board
GSSAdmin /February 18, 2017 /Information Security,Leadership Insights
Digital Transformation vs. Organisational Legacy
The hybrid role of the CISO
Beyond the functional distinctions we analysed in our reporting line article (CISO as a Figurehead / CISO as a Fire Fighter / CISO as a Change Agent), we need to consider the positioning of the role in the "three lines of defence" model in more depth.
Our analysis of the best reporting lines for the CISO can be read and would function well in a first or second line positioning for the role. We have expanded upon this in a separate article, focused on GRC and making it work for InfoSec, in which we highlighted a functional model for Information Security to be effective and efficient in a proper second line position.
However, these reflections assumed a reasonably pure application of the concepts and a clear and traditional demarcation between first and second lines. In practice, this is rarely the case. The "three lines of defence" model is often poorly understood and poorly applied, leading to a variety of (more or less dysfunctional) hybrid models.
Judging by social media and broader online engagements, most people holding a CISO job title seem to be in a first line position, in charge of delivering technical protective measures across the IT estate. They have a strong interest in technical security matters, breaches and products.
But the reality is that the role of the CISO has been evolving organically and tactically for many years.
Many CISOs have been forced to develop risk management and compliance reporting capabilities, which should normally sit in second line. This is often driven by the immaturity, irrelevance or lack of interest of the corporate Risk and Compliance functions around them. In a number of cases, this move was prompted or encouraged by auditors or regulators. This is common in many financial firms where Risk and Compliance have been well established corporate practices for decades, but have only just woken up to Information and Cyber risk fairly recently – and are often struggling to articulate a meaningful message in that space.
In a different type of hybrid scenario, some of the few CISOs who seem to be positioned in the second line might have been forced to take on board "first line" operational duties because they were seen as the most able to deliver those successfully.
At the same time, the CISO is almost always a technologist by background – but not always a successful one. We have highlighted many times in previous articles that IT professionals are trained and incentivised to deliver functionality, not controls – and as a result, IT Security is rarely a path to the top.
Information Risk and Compliance practices developed by first line CISOs in a "bottom-up" manner are rarely comprehensive, and often poorly connected to other Risk and Compliance activities taking place across the organisation. Operational activities delivered by second line CISOs are often seen as inefficient and expensive, as many service management activities and technology platforms are often duplicated.
This is generally a symptom of broader governance problems and it is not rare to encounter large organisations where various overlapping functions, such as Information Security, Data Management and Data Protection, co-exist under different reporting lines – with little coherent coordination between them.
This is an environment where many CISOs struggle, burdened with a legacy position and legacy organisational arrangements which do not suit the needs of today's enterprise.
The changing role of the CIO
Most surveys indicate that a majority of CISOs report to the CIO. We have stated repeatedly that it is not necessarily a problem, and that the reporting line should be determined on the basis of functional objectives instead of being driven by arbitrary separation of duties considerations. Those often create unnecessary barriers, fuel internal politics and prevent progress.
At the same time, the role of the CIO has changed and will continue to evolve over the short to mid-term. This is simply driven by the fast-paced evolution of technology over the past 10 years:
Cloud computing has dramatically changed the way IT is structured, delivered and supported. At the coalface, a CTO (Chief Technology Officer) is often in charge of all IT infrastructure aspects, working closely with a large array of external vendors while still dealing with all legacy systems and their problems
Many CIOs must respond to digital transformation challenges and data monetisation opportunities, but they may have to compete with two different types of CDO (Chief Digital/Data Officer) in translating business needs into IT requirements and delivering them. The Chief Digital Officer typically helps the business embrace digital innovation and stay ahead of competition – and often, the Chief Data Officer is charged with helping the business make the most of the data it uses, monetising it where possible using Big Data technology
In parallel to these changes, IT commoditisation at large has introduced layers of "shadow IT" across the enterprise that have to be managed
All of these factors considerably alter the background against which technology solutions have to be conceived and delivered
The CIO has to learn to deal with new stakeholders internally and externally and needs to become more of an influencer and less of a technologist. The CIO also has to learn to be less "in control" of IT and needs to develop a more structured attitude towards risk, in particular with regards to third-parties.
Large organisations are not all at the same degree of maturity in relation to these concepts, but failure to grasp the depth of such transformational challenges may confine the CIO to the management of legacy IT while the CDO role takes centre stage.
A structured InfoSec practice can be a key ally for the CIO, but the Board must reward protection to attract and retain talent
Organising Information Security for a changing IT world
In such context, a strong Information Security practice can be a key asset for the CIO. However, a strong practice must have a clear sense of purpose and a visible backbone upon which the CIO can rely to keep a grip on a changing IT world.
In practice, the CIO must not allow separation to be blurred between first and second lines, and should structure the organisation accordingly.
Enforcing a degree of separation between risk management and controls enforcement within the CIO's organisation could lead to the emergence of 3 distinct functional activities:
An "Information Risk Management" function, aggregating all traditional second line activities across that space
An "IT Security" function, focused on the architecture of functional and technical controls (essentially designing IT Security measures and working with all IT stakeholders in that respect, both internally and externally)
A "Security Operations" function, focused on driving the implementation of controls through the application of technical standards and procedures (these should be designed jointly with the "IT Security" function, based on policies set out by the "Information Risk Management" function and under their validation). The "Security Operations" function (externalised or not) could take a direct role in the delivery of some of these – in particular in the Security Monitoring or Identity Management spaces – and should deal with associated events and incidents
The "Information Risk Management" function should report to the CIO and interface with all non-IT stakeholders, internally and externally, as necessary (Risk, Compliance, internal and external Audit, regulators etc). The other two functions could be structured at a CIO-1 level (possibly under the CTO or the Head of IT Infrastructure, where such roles exist) and would interface with all IT stakeholders as required.
What happens to the CISO tag in such context? It continues to imply a degree of seniority in the role and, if kept in this type of model, should be applied to the "Information Risk Management" function – which is the most complex from a corporate perspective, and has the broader managerial remit.
This is leading us to suggest an alternative organisational model for large corporates to structure InfoSec in the portfolio of the CIO – updating the previous model published in April 2015 (itself the result of earlier research work, going back to 2012).
Moving towards the type of model highlighted here could imply splitting legacy CISO roles, and developing a different and more structured target operating model around Information Security.
It would, invariably, involve some form of redistribution of personnel, and skill sets may have to be reviewed and adjusted. In some cases, it may highlight a critical need to invest more in resources to cover areas where little had been done up to now.
The CIO and the Board should consider this a major step towards building a resilient IT practice in the face of virulent cyber threats – rather than continuing to pour resources, on an ad-hoc basis, into arbitrary technical projects.
The argument that this type of model could lead to a "conflict of interests" for the CIO needs to be handled with common sense (in particular in large organisations) and it is key to look beyond simplistic positions. A sound and comprehensive operating model is key to driving change, if that's what is required around Information Security. Arbitrary separations often fuel internal politics and can create unnecessary conflicts.
Boards must incentivise CIOs on cyber security
In past articles, we have queried the control-mindedness of CIOs and implied that it was a major prerequisite for the Board to consider placing Information Security in the CIO's portfolio.
The events of the past few years and the emergence of unprecedented media and political interest around cyber security, as a result of major cyber breaches, make it hard to imagine that any CIO in any large organisation would not take such threats seriously.
Beyond the control-mindedness of the CIO, what matters most today is the way the CIO addresses cyber security priorities – and this is something on which the Board can have a direct influence.
The Board should take an active interest in cyber security matters and drive real action in that space, but it can only work in real life if it translates into real incentives for real people.
CIOs have always been incentivised on cost control and the timely delivery of functionality. It is time for the Board to incentivise CIOs also on the delivery of security controls and the actual protection of the organisation from cyber threats.
These incentives should cascade down to attract and retain talent. Only attracting talent, retaining it over the right timeframes, and applying it at the right level across a structured InfoSec organisation will drive more comprehensive and structured protective operating models – and disrupt the mediocrity dynamics around Information Security, to create the conditions of a true security transformation.
Source: ciowatercooler.co.uk


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