text:
package com.studio.bookings.service;

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.joda.time.DateTimeConstants;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.google.api.server.spi.config.Named;
import com.google.appengine.api.oauth.OAuthRequestException;
import com.google.appengine.api.oauth.OAuthService;
import com.google.appengine.api.oauth.OAuthServiceFactory;
import com.google.appengine.api.users.User;
import com.googlecode.objectify.NotFoundException;
import com.studio.bookings.entity.AccessControlList;
import com.studio.bookings.entity.Account;
import com.studio.bookings.entity.Calendar;
import com.studio.bookings.entity.Event;
import com.studio.bookings.entity.EventAttribute;
import com.studio.bookings.entity.EventCategory;
import com.studio.bookings.entity.EventItem;
import com.studio.bookings.entity.Person;
import com.studio.bookings.enums.EventRepeatType;
import com.studio.bookings.enums.Permission;
import com.studio.bookings.util.TestBase;

public class EventServiceTest extends TestBase {

	static Permission permission = Permission.EVENT;
	static Account account;
	static Calendar calendar1;
	static Calendar calendar2;
	static Person instructor1;
	static Person instructor2;
	static EventCategory eventCategory1;
	static EventCategory eventCategory2;
	static EventAttribute eventAttribute1;
	static EventAttribute eventAttribute2;

	public User setUpUser() {
		OAuthService oauth = OAuthServiceFactory.getOAuthService();
		User user = null;
		try {
			user = oauth.getCurrentUser();
		} catch (OAuthRequestException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return user;
	}

	public void setUpUserAndAccount(Account userAccount, User user) {
		AccessControlList acl = new AccessControlList(permission.toString(), "true", "true", "true", "true", "true", "SUPERADMIN");
		aclDao.save(acl);
		Person p = new Person(userAccount, user.getUserId(), "test1", "email", "SUPERADMIN");
		personDao.save(p);
	}

	public void setUpCalendar(Account account) {
		calendar1 = new Calendar("Testing Calendar1", account);
		calendar2 = new Calendar("Testing Calendar2", account);
		calendarDao.save(calendar1);
		calendarDao.save(calendar2);
	}

	 public void setUp(User user) {

		account = new Account("Account1");
		accountDao.save(account);

		this.setUpUserAndAccount(account, user);
		this.setUpCalendar(account);

		instructor1 = new Person( account, "0", "testing1", "testing1@test.com", "INSTRUCTOR");
		personDao.save(instructor1);

		instructor2 = new Person( account, "0", "testing2", "testing2@test.com", "INSTRUCTOR");
		personDao.save(instructor2);

		eventCategory1 = new EventCategory("Event Category1", account);
		eventCategoryDao.save(eventCategory1);

		eventCategory2 = new EventCategory("Event Category2", account);
		eventCategoryDao.save(eventCategory2);

		eventAttribute1 = new EventAttribute("Event Attribute1", account);
		eventAttributeDao.save(eventAttribute1);

		eventAttribute2 = new EventAttribute("Event Attribute2", account);
		eventAttributeDao.save(eventAttribute2);
	 }

	@Test
	public void insertAdHocEvent() throws ParseException, NotFoundException {

		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Event event1 = null;
		Event event2 = null;

		String[] excludeDaysArray = {
				"10:00 01 12 2015",
				"10:00 01 13 2015"
			};

		Integer[] daysOfWeekArray = {
		    1, 2, 3
		};

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().toDate().getTime();
		Long toDate = new DateTime().plusHours(1).toDate().getTime();

		Long fromDate2 = new DateTime().plusYears(1).toDate().getTime();
		Long toDate2 = new DateTime().plusYears(1).plusHours(1).toDate().getTime();

		event1 = eventService.insertEvent(
				account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), "false", "",
				new Integer(0), null, new Integer(10), daysOfWeekArray,
				excludeDaysArray, "Event Summary 1", fromDate, toDate, "false",
				new Integer(10), instructor1.getId(), eventCategory1.getId(), eventAttribute1.getId()
		);

		event2 = eventService.insertEvent(account.getId(), calendar2.getId(), "false", "", new Integer(0), null, new Integer(0),
				daysOfWeekArray, excludeDaysArray, "Event Summary 2", fromDate2, toDate2, "false", new Integer(1),
				instructor2.getId(), eventCategory2.getId(), eventAttribute2.getId());

		Event eventFetched1 = eventDao.retrieveAncestor(event1.getId(), calendar1);
		Event eventFetched2 = eventDao.retrieveAncestor(event2.getId(), calendar2);

		Assert.assertNotNull(event1);

		assert event1.getId().equals(eventFetched1.getId());
		assert event1.getTitle().equals(eventFetched1.getTitle());
		assert event1.getStartDateTime().equals(eventFetched1.getStartDateTime());
		assert event1.getEndDateTime().equals(eventFetched1.getEndDateTime());
		assert event1.getMaxAttendees().equals(eventFetched1.getMaxAttendees());
		assert event1.getInstructor().equals(eventFetched1.getInstructor());
		assert event1.getEventCategory().equals(eventFetched1.getEventCategory());
		assert event1.getEventAttribute().equals(eventFetched1.getEventAttribute());

		assert event2.getId().equals(eventFetched2.getId());
		assert event2.getTitle().equals(eventFetched2.getTitle());
		assert event2.getStartDateTime().equals(eventFetched2.getStartDateTime());
		assert event2.getEndDateTime().equals(eventFetched2.getEndDateTime());
		assert event2.getMaxAttendees().equals(eventFetched2.getMaxAttendees());
		assert event2.getInstructor().equals(eventFetched2.getInstructor());
		assert event2.getEventCategory().equals(eventFetched2.getEventCategory());
		assert event2.getEventAttribute().equals(eventFetched2.getEventAttribute());

		Assert.assertNull(eventFetched1.getRepeatType());
		Assert.assertEquals(eventFetched1.getRepeatDaysOfWeek().size(), 0);
		Assert.assertEquals(eventFetched1.getExcludeDays().size(), 0);
		Assert.assertEquals(eventFetched1.getRepeatCount(),  new Integer(0));
		Assert.assertEquals(eventFetched1.getRepeatCount(),  new Integer(0));
		Assert.assertEquals(new DateTime(eventFetched1.getRepeatFinalDate()).getYear(), new DateTime(new Date()).plusYears(3000).getYear());
		Assert.assertNotEquals(eventFetched1.getId(), eventFetched2.getId());
		Assert.assertNotEquals(eventFetched1.getTitle(), eventFetched2.getTitle());
		Assert.assertNotEquals(eventFetched1.getStartDateTime(), eventFetched2.getStartDateTime());
		Assert.assertNotEquals(eventFetched1.getMaxAttendees(), eventFetched2.getMaxAttendees());
		Assert.assertNotEquals(eventFetched1.getInstructor(), eventFetched2.getInstructor());
		Assert.assertNotEquals(eventFetched1.getEventCategory(), eventFetched2.getEventCategory());
		Assert.assertNotEquals(eventFetched1.getEventAttribute(), eventFetched2.getEventAttribute());
	}

	@Test
	public void insertRepeatEvent() throws ParseException, NotFoundException {

		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Event event1 = null;

		String[] excludeDates = {
			"10:00 01 12 2015",
			"10:00 01 13 2015"
		};

		Integer[] daysOfWeeks = {
			    1, 2, 3
			};

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().toDate().getTime();
		Long toDate = new DateTime().plusHours(2).toDate().getTime();
		Long finalDate = new DateTime().plusYears(1).plusHours(4).toDate().getTime();

		event1 = eventService.insertEvent(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), "true", "WEEKLY", new Integer(0), finalDate,
				new Integer(0), daysOfWeeks, excludeDates, "Event Summary 1", fromDate, toDate, "false",
				new Integer(10), instructor1.getId(), eventCategory1.getId(), eventAttribute1.getId());

		Event eventFetched1 = eventDao.retrieveAncestor(event1.getId(), calendar1);

		Assert.assertNotNull(event1);
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getId(), eventFetched1.getId());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatEvent(), eventFetched1.getRepeatEvent());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatType(), eventFetched1.getRepeatType());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatDaysOfWeek(), eventFetched1.getRepeatDaysOfWeek());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getExcludeDays(), eventFetched1.getExcludeDays());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getTitle(), eventFetched1.getTitle());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getStartDateTime(), eventFetched1.getStartDateTime());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getEndDateTime(), eventFetched1.getEndDateTime());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatFinalDate(), eventFetched1.getRepeatFinalDate());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getMaxAttendees(), eventFetched1.getMaxAttendees());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getInstructor(), eventFetched1.getInstructor());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getEventCategory(), eventFetched1.getEventCategory());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getEventAttribute(), eventFetched1.getEventAttribute());
	}

	@Test
	public void insertRepeatEventWithRepeatCount() throws ParseException, NotFoundException {
		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Event event1 = null;

		String[] excludeDates = {
			"10:00 01 12 2015",
			"10:00 01 13 2015"
		};

		Integer[] daysOfWeeks = {
			    1, 2, 3
			};

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().toDate().getTime();
		Long toDate = new DateTime().plusHours(2).toDate().getTime();
		Long finalDate = null;
		Integer repeatCount = 20;

		event1 = eventService.insertEvent(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), "true", "WEEKLY", new Integer(1), finalDate,
				repeatCount, daysOfWeeks, excludeDates, "Event Summary 1", fromDate, toDate, "false",
				new Integer(10), instructor1.getId(), eventCategory1.getId(), eventAttribute1.getId());

		Event eventFetched1 = eventDao.retrieveAncestor(event1.getId(), calendar1);

		Assert.assertNotNull(event1);
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getId(), eventFetched1.getId());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatEvent(), eventFetched1.getRepeatEvent());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatType(), eventFetched1.getRepeatType());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatDaysOfWeek(), eventFetched1.getRepeatDaysOfWeek());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getExcludeDays(), eventFetched1.getExcludeDays());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getTitle(), eventFetched1.getTitle());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getStartDateTime(), eventFetched1.getStartDateTime());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getEndDateTime(), eventFetched1.getEndDateTime());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatFinalDate(), eventFetched1.getRepeatFinalDate());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatCount(), eventFetched1.getRepeatCount());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getMaxAttendees(), eventFetched1.getMaxAttendees());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getInstructor(), eventFetched1.getInstructor());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getEventCategory(), eventFetched1.getEventCategory());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getEventAttribute(), eventFetched1.getEventAttribute());

	}

	@Test
	public void insertRepeatEventWithFinalRepeatDateAndRepeatCount() throws ParseException, NotFoundException {
		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Event event1 = null;

		String[] excludeDates = {};

		Integer[] daysOfWeeks = {1};

		Long fromDate = calcNextMonday(new DateTime()).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).toDate().getTime();
		Long toDate = new DateTime(fromDate).plusHours(2).toDate().getTime();
		Date expectedFromDate = new DateTime(fromDate).plusWeeks(10).toDate();

		Long finalDate = new DateTime().plusYears(1).plusHours(4).toDate().getTime();
		Integer repeatCount = 10;

		event1 = eventService.insertEvent(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), "true", "WEEKLY", new Integer(1), finalDate,
				repeatCount, daysOfWeeks, excludeDates, "Event Summary 1", fromDate, toDate, "false",
				new Integer(10), instructor1.getId(), eventCategory1.getId(), eventAttribute1.getId());

		Event eventFetched1 = eventDao.retrieveAncestor(event1.getId(), calendar1);

		Assert.assertNotNull(event1);
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getId(), eventFetched1.getId());

		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatEvent(), eventFetched1.getRepeatEvent());
		Assert.assertTrue(eventFetched1.getRepeatEvent());

		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatType(), eventFetched1.getRepeatType());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatType(), EventRepeatType.WEEKLY);

		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatDaysOfWeek(), eventFetched1.getRepeatDaysOfWeek());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getExcludeDays(), eventFetched1.getExcludeDays());

		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getTitle(), eventFetched1.getTitle());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getTitle(), "Event Summary 1");

		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getStartDateTime(), eventFetched1.getStartDateTime());
		Date eventStart = new Date();
		eventStart.setTime(fromDate);
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getStartDateTime(), eventStart);

		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getEndDateTime(), eventFetched1.getEndDateTime());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatFinalDate(), eventFetched1.getRepeatFinalDate());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatCount(), eventFetched1.getRepeatCount());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getMaxAttendees(), eventFetched1.getMaxAttendees());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getInstructor(), eventFetched1.getInstructor());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getEventCategory(), eventFetched1.getEventCategory());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getEventAttribute(), eventFetched1.getEventAttribute());
		Assert.assertEquals(event1.getRepeatFinalDate(), expectedFromDate);
	}

	@Test
	public void listAdHocEvents() throws Exception {

		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Date dateStart1 = new DateTime().toDate();
		Date dateEnd1 = new DateTime(dateStart1).plusHours(1).toDate();
		Date dateStart2 = new DateTime().plusMonths(1).toDate();
		Date dateEnd2 = new DateTime(dateStart2).plusHours(1).toDate();

		List<Integer> daysOfWeek = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3);
		List<Date> excludeDays = Arrays.asList(new Date(), new Date());

		Event ev1 = new Event(calendar1, false, EventRepeatType.WEEKLY, new Integer(1), new Date(),  new Integer(52),
			daysOfWeek, excludeDays,  "summary", dateStart1, dateEnd1, new Boolean(false), new Integer(10), instructor1,
			eventCategory1, eventAttribute1);

		Event ev2 = new Event(calendar1, false, EventRepeatType.WEEKLY, new Integer(1), new Date(),  new Integer(52),
				daysOfWeek, excludeDays,  "summary", dateStart2, dateEnd2, new Boolean(false), new Integer(10), instructor1,
				eventCategory1, eventAttribute1);

		eventDao.save(ev1);
		eventDao.save(ev2);

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().minusMonths(1).toDate().getTime();

	    List<EventItem> events = eventService.listEvents(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), fromDate);
		Assert.assertNotNull(events);
		Assert.assertEquals(events.size(), 2);
	}

	@Test
	public void listRepeatDailyEvents() throws Exception {
		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Date dateStart = new DateTime().plusDays(1).toDate();
		Date dateEnd = new DateTime(dateStart).plusHours(2).toDate();
		Date finalDate = new DateTime().plusWeeks(1).plusHours(1).toDate();
		List<Integer> daysOfWeek = Arrays.asList(1);

		Event ev1 = new Event(calendar1, true, EventRepeatType.DAILY, new Integer(1), finalDate,  new Integer(0),
			daysOfWeek, null,  "summary", dateStart, dateEnd, new Boolean(false), new Integer(10), instructor1,
			eventCategory1, eventAttribute1);

		eventDao.save(ev1);

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().minusMonths(1).toDate().getTime();

	    List<EventItem> events = eventService.listEvents(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), fromDate);
		Assert.assertNotNull(events);
		Assert.assertEquals(events.size(), 7);
	}

	@Test
	public void listRepeatWeeklyEvents() throws Exception {
		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Date dateStart = calcNextMonday(new DateTime()).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).plusHours(1).toDate();
		Date dateEnd = new DateTime(dateStart).plusHours(2).toDate();
		Date finalDate = new DateTime(dateEnd).plusWeeks(5).plusDays(1).toDate();
		List<Integer> daysOfWeek = Arrays.asList(1);

		Event ev1 = new Event(calendar1, true, EventRepeatType.WEEKLY, new Integer(1), finalDate,  new Integer(0),
			daysOfWeek, null,  "summary", dateStart, dateEnd, new Boolean(false), new Integer(10), instructor1,
			eventCategory1, eventAttribute1);

		eventDao.save(ev1);

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().minusMonths(1).toDate().getTime();

	    List<EventItem> events = eventService.listEvents(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), fromDate);
		Assert.assertNotNull(events);
		Assert.assertEquals(events.size(), 6);
	}

	@Test
	public void listRepeatWeeklyEventsWithExcludedDates() throws Exception {
		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Date dateStart = calcNextMonday(new DateTime()).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).toDate();
		Date dateEnd = new DateTime(dateStart).plusHours(2).toDate();
		Date finalDate = new DateTime(dateEnd).plusWeeks(5).plusDays(1).toDate();
		List<Integer> daysOfWeek = Arrays.asList(1);

		// Can't exclude start date only subsequent dates
		Date date1 = (new DateTime(dateStart)).plusWeeks(1).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).toDate();
		Date date2 = (new DateTime(dateStart)).plusWeeks(2).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).toDate();
		//Date date2 = (new DateTime(dateEnd)).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).toDate();
		List<Date> excludeDays = Arrays.asList(date1, date2);

		Event ev1 = new Event(calendar1, true, EventRepeatType.WEEKLY, new Integer(1), finalDate,  new Integer(0),
			daysOfWeek, excludeDays,  "summary", dateStart, dateEnd, new Boolean(false), new Integer(10), instructor1,
			eventCategory1, eventAttribute1);

		eventDao.save(ev1);

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().minusMonths(1).toDate().getTime();

	    List<EventItem> events = eventService.listEvents(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), fromDate);
		Assert.assertNotNull(events);
		Assert.assertEquals(events.size(), 4);
	}

	@Test
	public void listRepeatWeeklyEventsOnMondaysAndTuesday() throws Exception {
		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Date dateStart = calcNextMonday(new DateTime()).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).plusHours(1).toDate();
		Date dateEnd = new DateTime(dateStart).plusHours(2).toDate();
		Date finalDate = new DateTime(dateEnd).plusWeeks(5).plusDays(1).toDate();

		List<Integer> daysOfWeek = Arrays.asList(1, 2);
		List<Date> excludeDays = null;

		Event ev1 = new Event(calendar1, true, EventRepeatType.WEEKLY, new Integer(1), finalDate,  new Integer(0),
			daysOfWeek, excludeDays,  "summary", dateStart, dateEnd, new Boolean(false), new Integer(10), instructor1,
			eventCategory1, eventAttribute1);

		eventDao.save(ev1);

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().minusMonths(1).toDate().getTime();

	    List<EventItem> events = eventService.listEvents(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), fromDate);
		Assert.assertNotNull(events);
		Assert.assertEquals(events.size(), 12);
	}

	@Test
	public void listRepeatMonthlyEvents() throws Exception {
		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Date dateStart = calcNextMonday(new DateTime()).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).toDate();
		Date dateEnd = new DateTime(dateStart).plusHours(2).toDate();
		Date finalDate = new DateTime(dateStart).plusMonths(4).plusDays(1).toDate();
		List<Integer> daysOfWeek = Arrays.asList(1,2,3,4,5,6,7);

		Event ev1 = new Event(calendar1, true, EventRepeatType.MONTHLY, new Integer(1), finalDate,  new Integer(0),
			daysOfWeek, null,  "summary", dateStart, dateEnd,  new Boolean(false), new Integer(10), instructor1,
			eventCategory1, eventAttribute1);

		eventDao.save(ev1);

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().minusMonths(1).toDate().getTime();

		List<EventItem> events = eventService.listEvents(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), fromDate);
		Assert.assertNotNull(events);
		Assert.assertEquals(events.size(), 5);
	}

	@Test
	public void listRepeatMonthlyEventsWithNoFinalRepeatDate() throws Exception {
		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Date dateStart = calcNextMonday(new DateTime()).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).plusHours(1).toDate();
		Date dateEnd = new DateTime(dateStart).plusHours(2).toDate();
		Date finalDate = null;
		List<Integer> daysOfWeek = Arrays.asList(1);

		Event ev1 = new Event(calendar1, true, EventRepeatType.MONTHLY, new Integer(1), finalDate,  new Integer(0),
			daysOfWeek, null,  "summary", dateStart, dateEnd, new Boolean(false), new Integer(10), instructor1,
			eventCategory1, eventAttribute1);

		eventDao.save(ev1);

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().minusMonths(1).toDate().getTime();

	    List<EventItem> events = eventService.listEvents(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), fromDate);
		Assert.assertNotNull(events);
		Assert.assertEquals(events.size(), 5);
	}

	@Test
	public void listRepeatMonthlyEventsWithRepeatCount() throws Exception {
		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Date dateStart = calcNextMonday(new DateTime()).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).plusHours(1).toDate();
		Date dateEnd = new DateTime(dateStart).plusHours(2).toDate();
		Date finalDate = null;
		Integer repeatCount = new Integer(4);
		List<Integer> daysOfWeek = Arrays.asList(1);

		Event ev1 = new Event(calendar1, true, EventRepeatType.MONTHLY, new Integer(1), finalDate, repeatCount,
			daysOfWeek, null,  "summary", dateStart, dateEnd, new Boolean(false), new Integer(10), instructor1,
			eventCategory1, eventAttribute1);

		eventDao.save(ev1);

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().minusMonths(1).toDate().getTime();

	    List<EventItem> events = eventService.listEvents(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), fromDate);
		Assert.assertNotNull(events);
		Assert.assertEquals(events.size(), 4);
	}

	@Test
	public void listRepeatMonthlyEventsWithRepeatCountAndFinalRepeatDate() throws Exception {
		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Date dateStart = calcNextMonday(new DateTime()).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).plusHours(1).toDate();
		Date dateEnd = new DateTime(dateStart).plusHours(2).toDate();
		Date finalDate =  new DateTime(dateStart).plusMonths(4).plusDays(1).toDate();
		Integer repeatCount = new Integer(2);
		List<Integer> daysOfWeek = Arrays.asList(1);

		Event ev1 = new Event(calendar1, true, EventRepeatType.MONTHLY, new Integer(1), finalDate,  repeatCount,
			daysOfWeek, null,  "summary", dateStart, dateEnd, new Boolean(false), new Integer(10), instructor1,
			eventCategory1, eventAttribute1);

		eventDao.save(ev1);

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().minusMonths(1).toDate().getTime();

	    List<EventItem> events = eventService.listEvents(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), fromDate);
		Assert.assertNotNull(events);
		Assert.assertEquals(events.size(), 2);
	}

	@Test
	public void listRepeatWeeklyEventsWithRepeatCountAndFinalRepeatDate() throws Exception {
		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Date dateStart = calcNextMonday(new DateTime()).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).plusHours(1).toDate();
		Date dateEnd = new DateTime(dateStart).plusHours(2).toDate();
		Date finalDate =  new DateTime(dateStart).plusWeeks(8).plusDays(1).toDate();
		Integer repeatCount = new Integer(4);
		List<Integer> daysOfWeek = Arrays.asList(1);

		Event ev1 = new Event(calendar1, true, EventRepeatType.WEEKLY, new Integer(1), finalDate, repeatCount,
			daysOfWeek, null,  "summary", dateStart, dateEnd, new Boolean(false), new Integer(10), instructor1,
			eventCategory1, eventAttribute1);

		eventDao.save(ev1);

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().minusMonths(1).toDate().getTime();

	    List<EventItem> events = eventService.listEvents(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), fromDate);
		Assert.assertNotNull(events);
		Assert.assertEquals(events.size(), 4);
	}

	@Test
	public void listRepeatDailyEventsWithRepeatCountAndFinalRepeatDate() throws Exception {
		User user;
		user = this.setUpUser();
		this.setUp(user);

		Date dateStart = calcNextMonday(new DateTime()).withTime(0, 0, 0, 0).plusHours(1).toDate();
		Date dateEnd = new DateTime(dateStart).plusHours(2).toDate();
		Date finalDate =  new DateTime(dateStart).plusWeeks(8).plusDays(1).toDate();
		Integer repeatCount = new Integer(4);
		List<Integer> daysOfWeek = Arrays.asList(1);

		Event ev1 = new Event(calendar1, true, EventRepeatType.DAILY, new Integer(1), finalDate, repeatCount,
			daysOfWeek, null,  "summary", dateStart, dateEnd, new Boolean(false), new Integer(10), instructor1,
			eventCategory1, eventAttribute1);

		eventDao.save(ev1);

		Long fromDate = new DateTime().minusMonths(1).toDate().getTime();

	    List<EventItem> events = eventService.listEvents(account.getId(), calendar1.getId(), fromDate);
		Assert.assertNotNull(events);
		Assert.assertEquals(events.size(), 4);
	}

    private DateTime calcNextMonday(DateTime dateTime) {
        if (dateTime.getDayOfWeek() >= DateTimeConstants.MONDAY) {
            dateTime = dateTime.plusWeeks(1);
        }
        return dateTime.withDayOfWeek(DateTimeConstants.MONDAY);
    }

}


text:
Dr. Sridhar R Tayur
1986 - B.Tech - Mechanical Engineering	Ford Distinguished Research Professor of Operations Management @ Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Dr. Sridhar R. Tayur graduated from IIT Madras with a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering in the year 1986. He went on to pursue his Master's and Ph.D. in Operations Research and Industrial Engineering from Cornell University. Currently, he is Ford Distinguished Research Professor of Operations Management, Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA. Prior to this, he has held positions at IBM, AT&T and Cornell University, and has carried out many consulting projects with a wide spectrum of industries.
Dr. Tayur has been a serial entrepreneur and an active promoter of monetizing Operations Research (OR), and was the first to coin the term "academic capitalist". He is the Founder and CEO of OrganJet, a start-up that facilitates multiple listings and provides affordable access to on-demand private jets for patients. Established in 2011, OrganJet has revolutionized the medical industry, that too in such a remarkable manner that its operations serve as a case study at Harvard Business School. He is also the Founder of SmartOps Corporation, which created the market for Enterprise Inventory Optimization (EIO) software, and was acquired by SAP AG in 2013. Dr. Tayur has published extensively in Health Care Operations, Supply Chain Management and Inventory Models, and in Manufacturing, Logistics and Services. He has developed several novel OR methodologies and techniques. He has received funding from National Science Foundation, as well as from Tech giants such as Microsoft, IBM and Intel Corporation.
Dr. Tayur has been named one of the four "Masters of Supply-Chain Efficiency" by Fortune Magazine, and a "Most Popular Professor" by Business Week. In 2012, Sridhar received the highest academic recognition in his profession when he was elected as a Fellow of the Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences (INFORMS). His paper on OrganJet ("Overcoming geographical disparities in access to deceased donor kidneys in the United States") won the Pierskella Best Paper Award in 2015. In 2016, he was invited to the White House by President Obama to highlight his innovations in organ transplantation. Additionally, in 2017, he was honored as a Distinguished Fellow by the MSOM Society and elected to the National Academy of Engineering.
For his pioneering work in monetizing Operations Research, and seamless integration of academia with entrepreneurship, IIT Madras and its alumni are proud to confer this award on Dr. Sridhar R. Tayur.
Shri. V M Thomas
1973 - B.Tech - Mechanical Engineering
Joint Managing Director @ Johnson Lifts Pvt. Ltd., Chennai
Dr. Sudhir Kumar Mishra
1996 - M.Tech - Mechanical Engineering
Distinguished Scientist & Director General (BrahMos) @ DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, and CEO & MD, BrahMos Aerospace, New Delhi.
Dr. Seeram Ramakrishna
1988 - M.Tech - Aircraft Production (ME)
Professor and Director @ Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Shri. Rajesh Jha
1988 - B.Tech - Computer Science
Executive Vice President @ Office Product Group, Microsoft Corp., USA
Dr. Noshir S Contractor
1983 - B.Tech - Electrical Engineering
Jane S. & William J. White Professor of Behavioral Sciences @ Northwestern University, USA
Dr. Nagabhushana Sindhushayana
Vice President, Technology @ Qualcomm Inc., USA
Dr. Mas A. Subramanian
1982 - Ph.D - Chemistry
Milton Harris Chair Professor of Materials Science @ Oregon State University, USA
Shri. Lazar T Chitilappilly
1983 - B.Tech - Aerospace Engineering
Project Director, ABPP @ VSSC / ISRO Trivandrum
Dr. Kanianthra Mani Chandy
Emeritus Professor @ California Institute of Technology, USA
Dr. D.V. Satya Gupta
1974 - B.Tech - Chemical Engineering
Technical Fellow @ Baker Hughes, USA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"Oh Sam, we're absolutely smitten with what you've sent us in the teaser"
At last, I've shot an Fforest wedding!!!! I remember seeing some images from this amazing venue in Cardigan when I first got started in this industry 3 years ago, and needless to say, I was jealous!!!! I wanted to shoot there. I had to shoot there! Everything about the venue, location and surroundings just appealed to me. Relaxed and informal with a brilliant camping vibe, what's not to love?!
Great work Sam and cracking venue by the looks of it!
Ffantastic mate!!! haha, excuse the pun, but you started it! Solid work buddy, really enjoyed looking through this set, great moments and framing throughout. Ffaultless!
beautiful photos, that place brings back so many happy memories!
Absolutely awesome documentation of what looks like a pretty awesome wedding! Nice one Sam!


The Snail Mail Game Show is still going strong! For Round 8, the participants received a piece of paper with the outline of a suitcase and the prompt, "I come in your bedroom and yell, 'WE'RE LEAVING! WE HAVE TO GO! PACK YOUR SUITCASE NOW!' You have no idea where we're going or how long we'll be gone for and you only have 15 minutes to get ready." Here's what people came up with!
I really like the priorities here. What do I need? CAT! Cat and cat's things. I love my cat, too.
What to pack? How about the whole effin' universe?! Look at those colors!
Jennifer went the more three-dimensional route and made a tiny tangible suitcase! The contents include a teeny tiny pencil, stamps, stationery, and envelopes. Pack mail, send mail forever.
And the winner is… Ophelia! The scan of the image really doesn't do her piece justice. The suitcase is full of the most gorgeous universal star stuff I've ever seen. Ophelia will receive a gift from me in the mail.
There are already people signed up for Round 9! You want in? Get a chance to express yourself creatively and possibly win a prize! Check out the official Snail Mail Game Show page where you can learn about the rules and sign up! And yes, you can sign up for multiple rounds at once, if you feel like paying for a few months all at once! Whatever works for you.
Sign up goes from now till May 1st at 6 pm EST. If you sign up after that, your name will be added to the list for Round 10. Challenges will be mailed out May 3rd, and submissions will need to reach me by June 3rd.
1) Which piece from Round 8 is your favorite?
2) What would you pack in your suitcase in a rush?
I love the Snail Mail Game Show! Every single one is always so creative!
Right? I love getting them in my PO Box!! So much fun. You wanna join in?
Hello I've suscribed I payed international cost because I'm french. How does it work ?
Why does everyone call sruface of airmail snail mail. I would never use the name Snail Mail. Why in America the symbol for the United States Postal Service is an eagle, The eagle can fly higher than any other bird, and can look directly into the sun and not go blind. Refer to mail as surface mail or airmail, please not snail mail. Postal workers work hard to get the mail to you.
Two thousand pieces of mail a year. That is great it keeps our Postal Service busy and that is good. I worked for the Post Office for thirty years, and with five years active military I had enough time to retire. Now I'm 87 years old and still active doing a lot to keep busy.
The Postal Service was real good to me. I started as a clerk casing mail. Or sometimes baging parcels. (packages). Then I took the test for an electronic technician. Past the test and made many trips to Norman Oklahoma to learn how to service all the electrical, mechanical, and electronic equipment.
You are very good to the workers who distribute and deliver the mail. That is good. Thank you.


The unemployment rate is at a 16-year low, meaning most top-performing employees are already gainfully employed. And today's job seekers have countless job opportunities at the tips of their fingers -- through job boards, social media and other channels -- making the job market even more competitive for employers.
To build your best team, you need to sell top talent on the opportunity of working for your company, similar to how you sell customers the benefits of your products or services. Otherwise, you'll risk losing job seekers to the competition and, as a result, see a decrease in productivity and profitability.
The job applicant experience begins when prospective applicants research your company to see if any open roles would be a fit for their background, skills and career goals. And a strong employment brand can help you stand out from the competition and attract top candidates -- just as your overall brand can help you attract and retain customers.
To build a strong employment brand, highlight the benefits your team has to offer -- including vacation time, professional development budget, learning opportunities, and more. Also build out career paths on your career site, so prospective employees can imagine their growth from entry level to management positions. And continuously share engaging content -- such as videos, photos and employee testimonials, to get potential applicants excited about the possibility of working for your business.
Many businesses wait more than a week to simply review and respond to a new job applicant. You wouldn't let a customer lead go unanswered for more than a week would you? If your business took too long to respond to customer leads, chances are you wouldn't make many sales.
Applicants who are reviewed and acted upon quickly are more likely to be hired. Responding to applicants as soon as possible can help ensure strong candidates stay engaged and excited about the the possibility of joining your team. If you leave applicants waiting around for a response, you'll lose qualified candidates to other job opportunities - and even your competitors.
Once applicants have been reviewed, it's critical for your team to communicate with candidates throughout the entire hiring process, just as you'd regularly communicate with a customer to close a sale. If you're in the process of scheduling interviews and can't find time in a team member's schedule for a few days or a week, reach out to the candidate instead of leaving them waiting and wondering when the interview will be confirmed. And if it's taking longer than expected to receive background checks back from a candidate, reach out to check on the status or see if there's anything you can do to help.
Recent data found that 78 percent of job seekers indicate they've never been asked for feedback on the candidate experience, and only 25 percent of employers regularly request feedback from candidates. But by collecting candidate feedback, and acting upon the feedback, your business attract more quality applicants and eventual hires down the road. And another benefit of collecting feedback is that you can build relationships with candidates and new employees.


text:
Category: Ps4 Games
The Order: 1886 is a 3D game developed by...
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Action Adventure Ps4 Games List, Reviews, Prices, Comparisons
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The current state of the Greater Boston industrial real estate market is strong. In my 30 plus years of experience, I have never seen such low vacancy rates and resilience in this market sector. Consider the following: Current vacancy rates in this sector is approximately 6.1% and we have witnessed 18 consecutive quarters of positive absorption. This is unprecedented and truly remarkable. Given such tight market conditions, lease rates and market values have naturally risen.
While this pace of absorption and near full vacancy is bound to eventually swing back, I predict that there will not be a dramatic jump to ultra high vacancy rates. A major contributing factor to reduced supply has been the removal of large swaths of industrial space as these properties have been re-purposed to higher and better uses. Consider that approximately 2,000,000 square feet of industrial space was scrapped to make way for a new life-style center at University Station in Westwood. Once a vibrant, high-demand industrial park is now a mixed used residential, office and retail development including anchors such as Wegman's, Target, TJ Maxx, LifeTime Fitness, Bridges by Epoch, several restaurants plus a Marriott Courtyard hotel is now under construction. North of Boston, the once staid Northwest Industrial Park in Burlington has been transformed to "3rd Avenue Burlington" which includes popular restaurants, residences, and recreation including Kings Bowling.
In the wake of the removal of industrial space, little new construction has followed. Even with such compressed vacancy rates there are just a handful of spec construction projects. Examples include: 151 Charles F Colton Road in Taunton (200,000 sf), 600 West St in Mansfield (91,000 sf) and Kevin Lucy's 140,000 sf project in Peabody which is rumored to be committed.
New construction has the added benefit of adding modern, high bay space that is more suitable for current manufacturing and distribution requirements. Ceiling heights in these new buildings tend to be 30 ft. clear allowing for higher storage capacity and use of technically superior material handling equipment, heavy floor loads and ESFR sprinkler systems. Drivers for industrial demand will continue with the advances in the biotech industry, e-commerce and the growing population will always have a need for such essentials as food, pet supplies, tires, etc. Indeed we have seen new build to suit projects such as Martignetti's new headquarters distribution center and Sullivan Tire's new facility in Taunton.
While I realize that record low vacancy and absorption rates are not sustainable forever the demand drivers, the lack of new supply plus limited land sites to support new construction will continue to dampen a dramatic increase in vacancy rates. The likely scenario in a down market and inevitable economic downturn will be that Class B industrial product will first see vacancy rates rise. Real estate is a commodity and will behave as such subject to supply and demand. Absorption will slow and vacant properties will linger on the market. In such scenario vacancy rates will likely rise to low double digits and values will decrease as much as 20%. While such market disruption is not desirable this is not a cataclysmic outcome.
Please contact me review and find the best solution to your specific commercial real estate requirements.
Warren Brown, President, Boston Commercial Properties, Inc.
← What's in store for the Commercial Real Estate Market in 2017?
Will WeWork Conquer The Real Estate Market?
Boston Commercial Properties © 2018. All Rights Reserved.


text:
The British Millennial Harbinger and Family Magazine, Volume 1
Foreign. Nashville. Ten. March 1, 1847. in this place, who had been an Episcopal We have a gradual increase of the congre- preacher. He has begun to teach the ancient gation in this city. Three were immersed gospel. Our present number in this place is on last Lord's day. I believe also, that the fifty.
J. B. New. influence of our religion is extending both over the congregation and the world in our
Orange County, Indiana, May 10, 1847. midst. May Jehovah cause our efforts to
The church is in peace and prosperity in
this part of the world, with few exceptions. prosper!
J. B. FERGUSON.
Many of her members are seeking for glory, Fort Wayne, Indiana, April 1, 1847. honor, and immortality:" knowing that
The truth is making its own impression in they have no continuing city here," therefore this place. We began here in November " they seek one to come, which has foundawith six members our present number is tirns, whose maker and builder is God." fifty, twenty-five by confession and immersion There have been four additions made to the -twenty-two had been immersed-some from church in this vicinity the last month-two the Baptiste, some from the Methodists, and made to the congregation at Liberty, and two some from the Christian churches. Our op- made to the congregation at Mount Pisgah, ponents use the same arguments that were of which I am a member. O that every procommon eighteen hundred years ago. They fessor of religion could but fully realize the say that you and we deny the influence of inestimable value of his own soul, and the the Holy Spirit, a change of heart, and the value of the souls of his fellow mortals! I divinity of the Christ; all false, you know, do think that if we all realized fully the value and so proved a thousand times: but the of these imperishable treasures, there would truth is making a good 'impression in this be more serious and candid self-examination place, although men and devils oppose, be- amongst us than there is at present. Are we cause it opposes them. Mr. Jesse L. Wil- doing as much for the cause of Christ as we lianis, old school Presbyterian, said he would might do? Do we walk with God as did not join the Christian church--it was not Enoch, that although we may have to pass popular. A mighty argument with the lovers through "the valley and shadow of death," of this world. I send my love to all the holy " we may not taste it." Let us carefully brethren. Brethren pray for us.
consider these things, and live in this world J. B. New. but to serve God and benefit man, and we
shall certainly meet in heaven, where parting Kentucky River, May 22, 1847. will be no more. Isaac HEADLY. There have been six or eight additions to the church at Union, Clark co. Ia. by letter
County of San Agustine, Texas, and immersion. Also, five additions, one
April 3, 1847. from the Methodists, and one from the Pres
Religion is very cold in this region; whole byteriang, by immersion, at Olive Branch C. churches of different denomination are beC. Ia. all under the labours of brethren Wright come nothing; yet many are seeking for the and Chambers.
truth, but tradition and superstition are hard S. W. LEONARD.
to shake off. Many persons wish to read your
books, and have come to me to know if I Fort Wayne, Indiana, May 26, 1847. could get any brought on. If you will send
I preached five days at Wabashtown, In- some here, they will sell readily, and do diapa, embracing the second Lord's day in much good. this month, and we immersed six believers I have been imposed upon by some who in the Lord. At Huntington we preached profess the faith. I have no love for a hyposix days, including the third Lord's day, and crite if I know him. I wish you to give a had eight additions, four by immersion, and notice in the Harbinger to any preacher comfour that had been immersed; one from the ing to this country, to call and see me. I Baptists, the Baptist preacher's wife, of live 12 miles from Milani, 7 miles from San Huntington, and we expect him soon. Since Augustin, 1 mile north of the road leading my last to you I immersed a school teacher from Milani to San Augustine. Now if any
faithful preacher will come and stay among soon organized a church of nine members, us, he shall see that he shall not suffer for and commenced operations, keeping the Lord's any thing.
house in order, as first in importance, and There have been about eighty immersed then to convert the world. The Lord has into the Christian church in this section, but blessed us till we now number twenty-six, they are like sheep without a shepherd, gone and have happy prospects. Four of us proastray. Oh, that the good Lord would send claim the word at home and in the adjoining some faithful one to plead his cause! I am settlements with considerable success. Sevehere alone, and not able to do much for the ral churches have been organized in the Recause. Now is the time that much good may serve, and I never saw better prospects in be done.--Now may the blessed God grant my life. Sectarianism is on the decline, as you many more years in this world to im- far as my knowledge extends, and may the prove the talent you have, in the great cause good Lord grant that truth and practical hoof the blessed Saviour.
liness may take pnssession of this " great WILLIAM DEFEE. Miami region," that was so lately a wilder. Parkhurst, Scott County, Iowa,
ness. Logansport and Cass, and Kohorns June 9, 1847.
and Howard, present a great field of future 'The disciples of our Lord and Master prospects and usefulness for the young stumeeting here (in a neat brick house, built as
dents of Bethany college, and other brethren a house of worship, at the town of Le Claire) who either wish to be useful or get homes numbering about twenty, meet for the pur-1 for their families. poses of worship and breaking the loaf, as May the Lord bless all the holy hrethren well as spending an hour or two as Bible stu- and preserve us all from evil, and keep us dents, or in Rible class, every first day. We from disorder and contention! Amen. have received great benefit from the Bible
GEORGE W. SMITH. class, and hope that many may pursue the
Euclid, Ohio, June 18, 1847. same course. During part of last year we had Brother D. Gatchell as proclaimer, but.
| I have just returned from the yearly meetare now destitute, and much desire to have a
Waling in Garrettsville, Portage county, and teaching brother amongst us---not for our own
that in Auburn, Geagua county. There was gratification alone, but that, holding forth
forth a pretty good attendance both of the preachthe principles of the ancient gospel, he may
|ing brethren and others, indicating a very induce others to glorify God by yielding sub
good interest in the progress of the cause and mission to his righteous will.
in the success of the meetings. The brethren Milo M. POLLOCK.
are endeavouring to obtain a report at the
meetings of the state, of the cause in the Buon County, Missouri, July 5, 1847. several churches that compose the district of
I have been almost constantly in the field the meeting. The reports have been but of labor since the 1st of May. At Hannibal partial; but it is hoped that full and accurate we had five additions. At Brush creek, in statements will be made by each church at Franklin county, Brother George E. Taylor all our next meetings. Five obeyed the gosand I held an interesting meeting the last of pel at Garrettsville, and seven at Auburn. May: ten were obtained--one from the Bap-! Please correct, Twenty obeyed the gospel tists, and nine heard, believed, and were bap- this spring in Euclid - not seventy. tized, one of them being an intelligent Pres
A. S. HAYDEN. byterian lady. Ac Dover, La Fayette coun. ty, there were five additions. In Howard we Logan, Indiana, June 16, 1847. have recently had some twenty to obey the I am itinerating in this wilderness. Five Lord : at Mount Pleasant, on the Monitor, have obeyed the King in the last month. I and at Lafayette. Yesterday we had four do not travel far; but am " setting in order additions in Columbia. T. M. ALLEN. the things that are wanting."
W. P. SHOCKEY. Howard County, Indiana, July 18, 1847. In my poverty and affliction I settled here
San Augustine County, Texas, in the woods, in the fall of 1843, and found
July 22, 1847. here some five brethren and sisters. Wel I have just returned from Shelby county,
Texas, that notable place for wickedness, things in order. Much good might be done for regulating,' and poisoning. Brother now in these parts. M. R. Withers and myself preached on last
WILLIAM DEFEE. Sunday, and we organized a church at Richard Hooper's house. He has been a Baptist, Cincinnata, Ohio, July 15, 1847. his wife a Presbyterian ; they both joined At a recent meeting at St. Louis, thirtythe church! The church is called Zion. It three or four persons were induced to unite is the first Christian church ever organized with the congregation; twenty-two of whom in that country. We organized it with 8 confessed the Lord. I spoke also at Jacksonmembers—four males and four females. Sev- ville and Springfield, Ill. At the latter place eral others hare been immersed for the re- two turned to the Lord. mission of sins two on the same day. The Brother L. Jameson informs me that at following is the constitution of the church, Crawfordsville, Ind, he and brother O'Kane viz.
persuaded seventy-five to enlist in the good « We the Christians of the Church called cause. The fields are white, but the laborers Zion, have met together this day, the 18th are few. Let us pray the Lord of the harof July, 1847, and give each other our hearts vest to send out from the schools, and acadeand hands, and all agree to take the Bible as mies, and colleges-from the dental rooms, the only infallible rule of faith and practice." and doctors' shops, and lawyers officesWe had a meeting twelve days ago, in a from the exchange brokers—from the work. Sabine county, with brothers Peter Eldridge shop, and the farm, and the counting room, and G. W. Slaughter, Baptist preachers, on laborers into the field; for alas ! many, Deunion and creeds, and agreed to unite on mas-like, having loved the present world, "one Lord, one faith, one baptism for re- have gone, if not to Thessalonia, we know mission of sins."
not where. He that warreth should not We want you to do all in your power to entangle himself with the affairs of this world. Bend a preacher well recommended, to set
JAS. CHALLEN.
Domestic. LOUTH.— There are eleven disciples in Hull.-The disciples who meet here every this place, who are living in peace and love, first day of the week to break the loaf, and and who meet every first day of the week to thus show forth the Lord's death till he come, keep the commandments of Jesus.
is at present fifteen. We are about to reW. KIRK. move from our present place of meeting-we
think it not worth while to mention it. KIRKALDY.-The number of brethren here
W. GODSON. who assemble in the public buildings to show forth the Lord's death, is twenty-four. We BANFF, December 13, 1847.—The numcordially approve of co-operation for evan- ber composing the congregation of disciples gelical purposes, and propose giving one day's here is twenty; but heing much scattered, contribution in every quarter in aid of the we seldom muster more than fifteen or sixobject. JAMES WISHART. teen on the first day of the week.
A. CAMERON. DORNORK, December, 1847.-Favor and peace be with you and all the saints. The DUNFERMLINE, December 17, 1847.-number who meet here every first day of the Agreeably to your request in the November week, in honor of our common Lord, is six-Messenger, we beg to say that the number truly a small number at present, still com- of members in the church here is thirty-two. prehended in the promises of our Lord.
WM. RAMSAY. (Matt. xviii. 19, 20.) J. Ferguson. I
MORTALITY IN LONDON.---We learn! We are more speedily and fatally corrupted from authentic records that fever and influenza by domestic examples of vice, and particuare now prevalent and fatal in the metropolis.larly when impressed on our minds as from From the 1st to the 21st of December, it ap- authority. Such is the pernicious effect of pears by the Registrar's report, that 201 per bad example, held forth in the conduct of a day above the average have died in London. 'father or mother to their children,
NOTE BY THE EDITOR. DURING the past month, a circular has This being the case, it was not for us to been issued, informing the brethren that the dictate or control in this matter. It appeared Editor, for some purpose or other, has been quite incompatible with reason and common on a tour to some of the principal churches sense-indeed, utterly impracticable--for two of the Reformation. A sufficient refutation parties to print at the same office, and issue of this statement will be found in the fact, at one and the same time the writings of the that no churches in England, Scotland, or same author. We, therefore, now publish at Wales, have seen him during that period. another office; and so long as the brethren He has, indeed, been from home for nine days and the public support us, we shall proceed on private business, but during that time he on our even course, endeavouring to disvisited no church in the United Kingdom. seminate light and truth on every hand. It is true, he sat dewn at the table of the We are now in possession of sixteen letters Lord on the 5th ult. with about twenty disci- addressed by Brother Campbell, from Europe, ples in the vicinity of Dungannon ; beyond to his daughter Clarinda: five of them are this his visits to brethren did not extend. already published. It is our intention to give
It will perhaps be thought somewhat mys- the remainder as soon as possible. We have terious that this periodical is no longer print- also Articles on Discipline, from the pen of ed at the Borough office, Nottingham. The our highly-esteemed Brother Pendleton, simple fact is, the proprietor of that office which will shortly appear, and be read with states, that Mr. Campbell, when here, gave interest by all. If the Brethren will support him full liberty to print any or all of his and recommend THE BRITISH MILLENNIAL Essays, Addresses, &c. in an independent HARBINGER, AND FAMILY MAGAZINE, form, for his own private and personal bene- no exertions shall be wanting on our part to fit--for which purpose, and to enable him to
render its pages at once interesting, instruccarry out this object, he ordered all Mr. Campbell's works, and the Millennial Har-| live, and edifying to all our readers. binger monthly.
PRACTICAL CHRISTIANITY. The most striking instance of self-devo- the top of a neighbouring mountain, saw them tedness in the cause of Christ of which I ever at work. He noticed two particularly sowing heard, in these days of deadness, I was told peas in the field. The one had no hands, the of lately by an English minister. It has other had no feet--these members being des. been printed, and therefore I will relate it troyed by the disease. The one who wanted to you just as I heard it, to stir up our cold the hands was carrying the other who wanted hearts, that we may give ourselves to the the feet upon his back, and he again carried Lord. The awful disease of leprosy still ex- in his hands the bag of seeds, and dropped a ists in Africa. Whether it be the same lep- pea now and then, which the other pressed rosy as that mentioned in the Bible, I do not into the ground with his foot, and so they know : but it is regarded as perfectly incura- managed the work of one man between the ble, and so infectious that no one dares to two. Ah! how little we know of the misery come pear the leper. In the south of Africa that is in the world! Such is this prisonthere is a lazar-house for lepers. It is an house of disease. But you will ask-Who immense space, enclosed by a very high wall, cares for the souls of the hapless inmates ? and containing fields which lepers cultivate. Who will venture in at this gate, never to There is only one entrance, which is strictly return? Who will forsake father and moguarded. Whenever any one is found with ther, houses and lands, to carry the message the marks of leprosy upon him, he is brought of a Saviour to these poor lepers ? Two Moto this gate, and obliged to enter in, never to ravian missionaries, impelled by a divine love return. No one who enters in by that awful for souls, have chosen the lazar-house as their gate is allowed to come out again! Within field of labor. They entered in, never to come this abode of misery there are multitudes of out again, and as soon as these die other Molepers in all stages of disease. Dr. Halbeck, ravians are ready to enter.--M'Cheyne. a missionary of the Church of England, from E. RENALS, PRINTER, NOTTINGHAM.
There is but one body of Christ-one CHRISTIAN UNION.
spirit, and one hope--as there is but UNION, iove, and social bliss, are one God and Father of all : and one only three ways of expressing the Lord, one faith, and one baptism, are same idea. The glory that Christ the bases of this sacred incorporation. gave his disciples, is union with him, We are all baptised into one body by as sons of God, and joint-heirs with one spirit—whether we be Jews or himself. « The glory which thou Gentiles, whether we be slaves or gavest me I have given them, that free-men, we are all made to drink they may be one as we are, (I in them into one spirit. Christians, then, are and thou in me) that they may be radically, essentially, spiritually one; perfect in one." Who that thinks of and ought not their union to be visiheaven, of eternal peace and love, ble and manifest to all ? can refrain from pleading the union, For this are to be given up three concert, and co-operation of all the things—pride of party, or pride of sincere followers of the Lamb of God ? understanding—the traditions of the Oh, that all the sons and daughters fathers—and our own opinions, so far of our Father in Heaven were as as they are bonds of union or comchildren of one family, cordially, firm- munion. In all these there is neither ly, and visibly united in one profission faith, piety, nor morality; for all -all striving to honour and magnify faith, piety, and morality are anterior the common Saviour, and seeking to to, distant from, and independent of, convert the world to Christ!
opinionism, whether in the form of Union in truth amongst all the our own inferences and speculations, baptised followers of the Prince of or in that of human traditions or ecPeace, has been advocated by us from clesiastical canons. No truth of the the day of our Christian nativity till bible is necessarily to be sacrificed now. We not only pray for it, but for union : errors, opinions, and trawe speak, write, and labour for it, as ditions are, indeed, to be abandoned, a consummation devoutly to be sought. ' and a becoming humility and defe


People in the UK are becoming more inclined to rent property instead of buy, it has been suggested.
A new report from the Association of Residential Letting Agents (Arla), has shown that young adults are twice as likely to use landlord services and rent a property compared to the previous generation.
The survey questioned people aged between 18 and 30 years old and found that eight per cent of people did not think it was important to own their own property, with 21 per cent claiming that they hoped to continue to take out tenancy agreements indefinitely, the Telegraph reports.
Ian Potter, operations manager of Arla, explained that this represents a generational notion of wanting to be free of ties.
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In asking this question, Wollheim has made a shift that brings philosophical reflection into new territory, and has produced one of those rare works that extend the limits of philosophical analysis. We all lead our lives, and, of course, we put some considerable thought into doing so, even if only intermittently and inconsistently. But by virtue of its self-imposed limitations, philosophical analysis, at least in the Anglo-American world, has had the greatest difficulty dealing with the thinking we do in leading our lives, thinking in which all of us nevertheless as human beings irresistibly engage. Anglo-American philosophers have analyzed the metaphysical nature of persons—the abstract question of what it means to be a person—but a kind of cordon sanitaire has held philosophical reflection away from our condition as beings living in relation to past and future.
Certain Continental philosophers—notably Heidegger and Sartre—had made this their concern, but before Wollheim's book adherents of the specifically "analytic" tradition to which he belongs have remained for the most part curiously debarred from doing so. So in asking his first question—what is it to lead our lives?—Wollheim is in a sense breaking through a barrier. The extension of philosophical territory that he proposes may not be an unalloyed good. There are enemies of philosophy who might see it as an unmitigated disaster, and even its friends are forced to admit that this kind of project may go badly wrong.
What has caused this resistance? Something, I think, deep in the tradition of empiricism and rationalism, which still has a powerful grip on Anglo-American thought, in spite of the frequently announced revolutions and liberations from it. This is the ideal of the person as a timeless, disengaged observer, who can inspect his own actions and life from the standpoint of eternity. This ideal, which Wollheim attacks, has been so powerful that it has ended up coloring not only philosophical analysis but even our own self-image.


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focus and scope peer review process publication frequency article processing charges conflicts of interest allegations of misconduct complaints process sponsors history
Metsätieteen aikakauskirja Dissertationes Forestales Suo - Mires and Peat
Current issue: 53(4)
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Acta Forestalia Fennica
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Articles by Raisa Mäkipää
Category: Commentary
article id 475, category Commentary
Petteri Muukkonen, Raisa Mäkipää. (2006). Biomass equations for European trees: addendum. Silva Fennica vol. 40 no. 4 article id 475. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.475
Keywords: aboveground biomass; allometry; belowground biomass; biomass functions; dbh; tree diameter; tree height
Abstract | View details | Full text in PDF | Author Info
A review of stem volume and biomass equations for tree species growing in Europe (Zianis et al. 2005) resulted in suggestions for additional equations. The numbers of original equations, compiled from scientific articles were 607 for biomass and 230 for stem volume. On the basis of the suggestions and an updated literature search, some new equations were published after our review, but more equations were also available from earlier literature. In this addendum, an additional 188 biomass equations and 8 volume equations are presented. One new tree species (Pinus cembra) is included in the list of volume equations. Biomass equations for twelve new tree species are presented: Abies alba, Carbinus betulus, Larix decidua, P. cembra, P. nigra, Quercus robur, Salix caprea, S. 'Aquatica', S. dasyclados, S. phylicifolias, S. triandra and S. accuparia. The tree-level equations predict stem volume, whole tree biomass or biomass of certain components (e.g., foliage, roots, total above-ground) as a function of diameter or diameter and height of a tree. Biomass and volume equations with other independent variables have also been widely developed but they are excluded from this addendum because the variables selected may reflect locally valid dependencies that cannot be generalized to other geographical regions. Most of the equations presented here are developed for Sweden, Finland and Norway in northern Europe, for Austria in central Europe and for Italy in southern Europe. There are also few equations from Poland and Belgium. Most of the equations deal with above-ground components such as stem, branches and foliage, but some new equations are also available for root biomass. Zianis et al. (2005) and this addendum can be used together as guides to the original publications of these equations. Our updated database of the biomass and volume equations is available also from the website www.metla.fi/hanke/3306/tietokanta.htm.
Muukkonen, Finnish Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: petteri.muukkonen@metla.fi
Mäkipää, Finnish Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: raisa.makipaa@metla.fi
Category: Research article
article id 340, category Research article
Petteri Muukkonen, Raisa Mäkipää, Raija Laiho, Kari Minkkinen, Harri Vasander, Leena Finér. (2006). Relationship between biomass and percentage cover in understorey vegetation of boreal coniferous forests. Silva Fennica vol. 40 no. 2 article id 340. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.340
Keywords: upland soils; peatlands; biomass models; ground vegetation
In the present study, the aboveground biomass of the understorey vegetation of boreal coniferous forests was modelled according to the percentage cover. A total of 224 observations from 22 stands in upland forests and 195 observations from 14 different studies in peatland forests were utilized for the present analyses. The relationships between biomass and percentage cover can be used in ecosystem and carbon-cycle modelling as a rapid nondestructive method for estimation of the aboveground biomass of lichens, bryophytes, herbs and grasses, and dwarf shrubs in upland forests and bottom and field layers in peatland forests.
Mäkipää, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Laiho, Department of Forest Ecology, P.O. Box 24, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Minkkinen, Department of Forest Ecology, P.O. Box 24, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Vasander, Department of Forest Ecology, P.O. Box 24, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Finér, Finnish Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 68, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Category: Research note
article id 91, category Research note
Raisa Mäkipää, Tapio Linkosalo. (2011). A non-destructive field method for measuring wood density of decaying logs. Silva Fennica vol. 45 no. 5 article id 91. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.91
Keywords: carbon stock; coarse woody debris; decaying wood; wood decomposition; penetrometer; pilodyn
Decaying dead wood density measurements are a useful indicator for multiple purposes, such as for estimating the amount of carbon in dead wood and making predictions of potential diversity of dead wood inhabiting fungi and insects. Currently, qualitative decay phases are used as wood density estimates in many applications, since measuring the density is laborious. A quantitative measure of density would, however, be preferred over the qualitative one. Penetrometers, which are commonly used for measuring the density of standing trees, might also be applicable to dead wood density measurements. We tested the device for making quick, quantitative measurements of decaying logs. The penetrometer measures the depth into which a pre-loaded spring forces a pin in the wood. We tested pins of 5 and 10 mm diameter together with an original 2.5 mm pin and compared the results with gravimetric density measurements of the sample logs. Our results suggest that the standard pin works for less decayed wood, but for more decomposed wood, the thicker 5 mm pin gave more reliable estimates when the penetration measures were converted to densities with a linear regression function (R2 = 0.62, F = 82.9, p = 0.000). The range of wood densities successfully measured with the 5 mm pin was from 180 to 510 kg m–3. With the 10 mm pin, the measuring resolution of denser wood was compromised, while the improvement at the other end of density scale was not large. As a conclusion, the penetrometer seems to be a promising tool for quick density testing of decaying logs in field, but it needs to be modified to use a thicker measuring pin than the standard 2.5 mm pin.
Mäkipää, The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: raisa.makipaa@metla.fi
Linkosalo, The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Category: Special section
article id 472, category Special section
Raisa Mäkipää, Jari Liski, Mats Olsson, Pete Smith, Esther Thürig. (2007). Workshop on Development of Models and Forest Soil Surveys for Monitoring of Soil Carbon. Silva Fennica vol. 41 no. 3 article id 472. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.472
Selected Papers of the Workshop on Development of Models and Forest Soil Surveys for Monitoring of Soil Carbon.
Mäkipää, Finnish Forest Research Institute ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Liski, Finnish Environment Institute, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Olsson, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Smith, University of Aberdeen, UK ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Thürig, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Switzerland ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Mikko Peltoniemi, Esther Thürig, Stephen Ogle, Taru Palosuo, Marion Schrumpf, Thomas Wutzler, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Oleg Chertov, Alexander Komarov, Aleksey Mikhailov, Annemieke Gärdenäs, Charles Perry, Jari Liski, Pete Smith, Raisa Mäkipää. (2007). Models in country scale carbon accounting of forest soils. Silva Fennica vol. 41 no. 3 article id 290. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.290
Keywords: decomposition; greenhouse gas inventory; IPCC; national forest inventory; regional and national modeling; soil carbon; soil model
Countries need to assess changes in the carbon stocks of forest soils as a part of national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol (KP). Since measuring these changes is expensive, it is likely that many countries will use alternative methods to prepare these estimates. We reviewed seven well-known soil carbon models from the point of view of preparing country-scale soil C change estimates. We first introduced the models and explained how they incorporated the most important input variables. Second, we evaluated their applicability at regional scale considering commonly available data sources. Third, we compiled references to data that exist for evaluation of model performance in forest soils. A range of process-based soil carbon models differing in input data requirements exist, allowing some flexibility to forest soil C accounting. Simple models may be the only reasonable option to estimate soil C changes if available resources are limited. More complex models may be used as integral parts of sophisticated inventories assimilating several data sources. Currently, measurement data for model evaluation are common for agricultural soils, but less data have been collected in forest soils. Definitions of model and measured soil pools often differ, ancillary model inputs require scaling of data, and soil C measurements are uncertain. These issues complicate the preparation of model estimates and their evaluation with empirical data, at large scale. Assessment of uncertainties that accounts for the effect of model choice is important part of inventories estimating large-scale soil C changes. Joint development of models and large-scale soil measurement campaigns could reduce the inconsistencies between models and empirical data, and eventually also the uncertainties of model predictions.
Peltoniemi, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, P.O. Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: mikko.peltoniemi@metla.fi
Thürig, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland; European Forest Institute, Joensuu, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Ogle, Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Palosuo, European Forest Institute, Joensuu, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Schrumpf, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Wutzler, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Butterbach-Bahl, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Chertov, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg-Peterhof, Russia ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Komarov, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Mikhailov, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Gärdenäs, Dept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Perry, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN USA ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Liski, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Smith, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
Mäkipää, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, P.O. Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: raisa.makipaa@metla.fi
Mikko Peltoniemi, Juha Heikkinen, Raisa Mäkipää. (2007). Stratification of regional sampling by model-predicted changes of carbon stocks in forested mineral soils. Silva Fennica vol. 41 no. 3 article id 287. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.287
Keywords: anticipated variance; forest soil; monitoring; repeated measurement; soil carbon; soil survey; stratified sampling; uncertainty
Monitoring changes in soil C has recently received interest due to reporting under the Kyoto Protocol. Model-based approaches to estimate changes in soil C stocks exist, but they cannot fully replace repeated measurements. Measuring changes in soil C is laborious due to small expected changes and large spatial variation. Stratification of soil sampling allows the reduction of sample size without reducing precision. If there are no previous measurements, the stratification can be made with model-predictions of target variable. Our aim was to present a simulation-based stratification method, and to estimate how much stratification of inventory plots could improve the efficiency of the sampling. The effect of large uncertainties related to soil C change measurements and simulated predictions was targeted since they may considerably decrease the efficiency of stratification. According to our simulations, stratification can be useful with a feasible soil sample number if other uncertainties (simulated predictions and forecasted forest management) can be controlled. For example, the optimal (Neyman) allocation of plots to 4 strata with 10 soil samples from each plot (unpaired repeated sampling) reduced the standard error (SE) of the stratified mean by 9–34% from that of simple random sampling, depending on the assumptions of uncertainties. When the uncertainties of measurements and simulations were not accounted for in the division to strata, the decreases of SEs were 2–9 units less. Stratified sampling scheme that accounts for the uncertainties in measured material and in the correlates (simulated predictions) is recommended for the sampling design of soil C stock changes.
Heikkinen, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, P.O. Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
article id 5399, category Article
Raisa Mäkipää. (1994). Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the humus layer and ground vegetation under closed canopy in boreal coniferous stands. Silva Fennica vol. 28 no. 2 article id 5399. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a9164
Keywords: nitrogen fertilization; nitrogen saturation; ground vegetation; nitrogen deposition; forest soils; mosses; dwarf shrubs
Forest ecosystems may accumulate large amounts of nitrogen in the biomass and in the soil organic matter. However, there is increasing concern that deposition of inorganic nitrogen compounds from the atmosphere will lead to nitrogen saturation; excess nitrogen input does not increase production. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term changes caused by nitrogen input on accumulation of nitrogen in forest soils and in ground vegetation.
The fertilization experiments used in this study were established during 1958–1962. They were situated on 36- to 63-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands of different levels of fertility. The experiments received nitrogen fertilization 5–7 times over a 30-year period, and the total input of nitrogen was 596–926 kg/ha.
Nitrogen input increased the amount of organic matter in the humus layer and the nitrogen concentration in the organic matter. Furthermore, the total amount of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) bound by the humus layer increased due to the increase in the amount of organic matter. However, nitrogen input decreased the biomass of ground vegetation. The nitrogen concentration of the plant material on the nitrogen-fertilized plots was higher than on the control plots, but the amount of nutrients bound by ground vegetation decreased owing to the drastic decrease in the biomass of mosses. Ground vegetation does not have the potential to accumulate nitrogen, because vegetation is dominated by slow-growing mosses and dwarf shrubs which do not benefit from nitrogen input.
Mäkipää, ORCID ID: – E-mail: –
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India urged to release environmental activists
Indian authorities must immediately release two activists arrested apparently for their work to protect local communities from industrial pollution, Amnesty International said today, after one of the men was found chained to a hospital bed while in custody. Environmental activist Ramesh Agrawal and Harihar Patel, who practices indigenous medicine, were arrested on 28 May in Raigarh town in the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh after leading a campaign to protect local Adivasi (Indigenous) communities from pollution caused by industrial projects. The men have been held at Raigarh prison as a local court denied them bail on 2 June. During his detention, Ramesh Agrawal, who suffers from hypertension, was taken for treatment at a state-run hospital where he was chained to a bed. "Shackling someone who is ill to a hospital bed is inherently cruel and inhumane punishment that should never have been used on a detainee arrested for peaceful activism," said Madhu Malhotra, Amnesty International's Asia-Pacific Deputy Director."It appears that Ramesh Agrawal and Dr Harihar Patel have been targeted for their work to defend the human rights of local communities – we're urging the Chhattisgarh authorities to drop all charges against them and immediately and unconditionally release these activists."A state police official has told national media that chaining Ramesh Agrawal to a bed was a mistake, but he believes there is sufficient evidence to continue holding the two activists. Chhattisgarh state police charged the activists with "circulating defamatory material", "disrupting public order" and "causing alarm and panic among the public" during a public consultation held by the state pollution board at Tamnar village on 8 May 2010. The mandatory consultation was called to discuss plans to expand a coal-fired thermal power plant run by a private firm, Jindal Steel and Power. The two activists had objected to the proposal, citing concerns that the expansion would lead to the authorities forcibly acquiring land from local communities near the plant. Ramesh Agrawal had also successfully petitioned India's Ministry of Environment and Forests to temporarily suspend the terms of reference for the expansion."Instead of arresting those who speak out in defence of local communities' rights, the Chhattisgarh authorities should make sure human rights defenders and environmental activists can carry out their legitimate, peaceful work without fear of harassment and intimidation," said Madhu Malhotra.


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Carriera
Ha studiato alla Wanstead High School, vincendo una borsa di studio al St John's College (Oxford) nel 1940. Nel 1942 si arruolò nei Royal Ulster Rifles e servì nella Irish Brigade in Nord Africa, Italia e Austria (1943-1946).

Egli entrò nel servizio diplomatico nel 1947, con commenti in Libano, Egitto, Golfo Shaikdoms, Yugoslavia e Romania. È stato direttore del centro per gli studi arabi in Libano (1960-1965), vice commissario in Aden (1966–1967), ambasciatore in Kuwait (1970-1974), assistente sottosegretario di stato (1974–1976) e ambasciatore in Arabia Saudita (1976–1979). Fu anche direttore della London House for Overseas Graduates (1979-1986) e presidente del centro arabo-britannica (1981–1986).

Dopo si ritirò a Devon, fu presidente del ramo Plymouth della English Speaking Union (1991) e un fiduciario della Arab-British Chamber Charitable Foundation (1989).

Morte
Morì il 12 giugno 2011.

Onorificenze

Onorificenze britanniche

Collegamenti esterni
"Wilton, Sir (Arthur) John", Who's Who 2010, A & C Black, 2010; online edition, Oxford University Press, December 2009. Retrieved on 22 January 2010.

Commendatori dell'Ordine di San Michele e San Giorgio
Commendatori dell'Ordine reale vittoriano
Decorati con la Military Cross
Ambasciatori britannici in Kuwait
Ambasciatori britannici in Arabia Saudita

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Cleaning words and icons for your digital planner.
wipe the counter, clean out the fridge, scrub the toilet … there are many combinations. The set is also versatile between countries, including bench, counter, vanity, basin.


We have a couple boys in our homeschool that just struggle to sit still. One of them has started growing out of the hyperactivity from his ADHD, but still can really struggle sitting still occasionally. He has done really well with a very active and physically demanding job (gymnastics coach.) When he was younger though, he had to constantly be doing something during seat work to keep his hands or feet busy.
The other one only has a short period of time he is able to sit still every day, if I have to teach him outside of that timeframe I really need to think outside the box or things will fall apart quickly. This is no joke he is on the go from the minute he wakes up till the time his sleeping medicines finally helps tell his body it is finally time to go to sleep. His speeds are fast and faster… since the day he was born.
So today I am going to share some of the ideas I have used over the years that have worked for keeping wiggly kids focused in our homeschool. After 9 years of homeschooling we have had plenty of time to figure out what works and doesn't.
Get outside before seat work ~ Not all mornings do we start school with the kids playing outside before we start. But the mornings the kids (especially the kids who struggle to sit still) they can sit still so much better, and focus for longer periods of time. This is because these kids need the input from physical activity and the fresh air is SO good for them!
Provide some way for them to wiggle during seat work ~ We all know that there are some kids that just struggle with sitting no matter how much fresh air/physical activity they get. I have 2 of these kiddos. In order to keep them from making constant noise or some other inappropriate activity that will distract every other person in the room, I give them an appropriate thing for them to move around with.
We have a wiggle disc seat that is great my kids will regularly use when they have to sit doing work for extended period of time. A wedge chair cushion in another great option.
A exercise band around the 2 front legs of the chair, the kids can stretch it out with their feet during seat work.
Let the child have their chewy, provide chewy pencil toppers, or let them chew gum.
Let the child sit and balance on a big ball instead for their seat of sitting in their chair.
Have a basket of fidget items ~ Because we do quite a bit of reading some of my sensory kids have a hard time not being a distraction while I am reading. Letting them have access to a basket of sensory fidgets helps them sit still and our story time is more likely to be peaceful. Obviously there are certain items that cannot be used during reading, there are also quite a few items we not have in our fidget basket in this picture. Thinking putty is a great idea, play dough, DIY stress balls, floam, DIY flubber, etc. Adding fidgets to your pencils is another fun way to keep hands busy.
Think of different ways the lesson can be done in a more active way ~ If your child struggles with spelling for instance and dreads writing the words on paper why not let them use the marker board and write their words on, or use a sand tray, play dough, etc. The lesson doesn't always need to be done in the exact way it tells you, change it up a bit to add in more movement.
Noise canceling headphones ~ We have a child's set of these headphones that are great when there is a lot of noise around the house and one of the children cannot concentrate because of it. They are also useful for one of my kiddos who cannot stand loud places instead of me having to hold my hands over his ears the whole time, we just use our noise canceling headphones, they work great! NOTE: get the headphones in the sporting goods department for a dramatic savings!
Swing on a sensory swing ~ We have a sensory swing in our sensory motor room in our basement, my husband made this swing for us for about $30. Research shows that using a swing that is hung from from a single point gives children more effective, stronger, and longer lasting vestibular input. Swinging on a swing is an ideal source of vestibular input, and if done for 15 minutes on a swing, can last up to 8 hours in the central nervous system, the other types of input only last about 2 hours, so they must be done more often.
One of the ways we changed up a lesson this week was to use this months rabbit counters to do our Math-U-See work page. Ethan was struggling to get his work done for the day, and he had really enjoyed organizing the rabbit counters for almost an hour that morning. So we pulled out the rabbit counters and did the problems with rabbits instead, I wrote the answers down for him since I know he can write numbers just fine. He flew through the math page instead of getting upset and struggling through each problem.
Disclaimer: As a Mother Goose Time Blog Ambassador, I am provided with the program every month to use in our homeschool. In return I share about different topics monthly as well as the use of our curriculum. I am not compensated in any other way, all opinions are the honest opinions of my children or myself. This post contains affiliate links, when you make a purchase using these links we receive a small commission at no extra cost to you. Thank you for your support! For more information read my full disclosure.
Thank you so much. The wiggly cushion is SO much of a help. We haven't tried the stress ball before, we will have to try it out. Thanks for stopping by!!
These are very good ideas. I homeschool my kids and have a hard time keeping them focused all the time.
Thank you so much for you kind words!! Keeping kids focused during homeschool can sure be a challenge with some kids. I hope these ideas are helpful for you too!
Those rabbit counters are absolutely adorable! They really caught my eye! We did an Easter sight word reading game one year, I think these would be great to adapt that!


Just in time for Arbor Day Weekend, the Stamford Nature Center is offering up something pretty cool.
Join them for The Art of Bonsai April 28, 10am to 5pm and again April 29, 11am to5 pm in the Bendel Mansion's Great Hall.
Those lovely little green works of art will be on display and a group called The Yama Ki Bonsai Society will be on hand to answer questions and explain how it's done. Just pay your way to get in the gate and the rest is free!