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George Burton Ray
1. George Burton Ray was born on 9 Aug 1860 in Indiana (son of William Woodson Ray and Rebecca Sloan Scott); died on 27 Jan 1942 in Indiana; was buried in Grantsburg Cemetery, Crawford, Indiana.
George married Mary Catherine Longest in 1882 in Crawford, Indiana. Mary (daughter of Joseph Woodson Longest and Fannie S. Gregory) was born on 24 Mar 1865 in Crawford, Indiana; died on 9 Apr 1946 in Indiana; was buried in Grantsburg Cemetery, Crawford, Indiana. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Joseph W. Ray was born in May 1883 in Crawford, Indiana.
Lillie M. Ray was born in Jul 1885 in Crawford, Indiana.
Annie S. Ray was born in Aug 1887 in Crawford, Indiana.
Emma Belle Ray was born on 1 Nov 1889 in Crawford, Indiana; died on 20 May 1977 in Perry, Indiana; was buried in Grantsburg Cemetery, Crawford, Indiana.
Mamie A. Ray was born in Feb 1892 in Crawford, Indiana.
Ora A. Ray was born in Nov 1893 in Crawford, Indiana.
William D. Ray was born in Feb 1896 in Crawford, Indiana.
George E. Ray was born in May 1899 in Crawford, Indiana.
Ivan Ray was born in 1901 in Crawford, Indiana.
Gladys Ray was born in 1906 in Crawford, Indiana.
2. William Woodson Ray was born on 27 Feb 1833 in Indiana; died on 6 Jul 1882 in Indiana; was buried in Wheatland Cemetery, Knox, Indiana.
William married Rebecca Sloan Scott on 28 Sep 1848 in Crawford, Indiana. Rebecca (daughter of Wilson Benton Scott and Dorinda Guy Sloan) was born on 19 Jun 1833 in Crawford, Indiana; died on 17 Feb 1892 in Indiana; was buried in Wheatland Cemetery, Knox, Indiana. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
3. Rebecca Sloan Scott was born on 19 Jun 1833 in Crawford, Indiana (daughter of Wilson Benton Scott and Dorinda Guy Sloan); died on 17 Feb 1892 in Indiana; was buried in Wheatland Cemetery, Knox, Indiana.
1. George Burton Ray was born on 9 Aug 1860 in Indiana; died on 27 Jan 1942 in Indiana; was buried in Grantsburg Cemetery, Crawford, Indiana.
6. Wilson Benton Scott was born on 20 Jan 1790 in South Carolina; died on 12 Aug 1850 in Crawford, Indiana.
Wilson married Dorinda Guy Sloan on 23 Nov 1815 in Harrison, Indiana. Dorinda was born in 1792 in Iredell, North Carolina; died on 13 May 1855 in Crawford, Indiana. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
7. Dorinda Guy Sloan was born in 1792 in Iredell, North Carolina; died on 13 May 1855 in Crawford, Indiana.
Leanna Scott was born about 1817 in Crawford, Indiana; died about 1855 in Crawford, Indiana.
Clarassa Ann Scott was born about 1818 in Indiana.
Didamia Scott was born about 1824 in Crawford, Indiana.
John M.B. Scott was born on 27 Apr 1826 in Kentucky; died on 9 Oct 1914 in Missouri.
Nancy K. Scott was born in Apr 1832 in Crawford, Indiana; died on 20 Jul 1901 in Crawford, Indiana.
3. Rebecca Sloan Scott was born on 19 Jun 1833 in Crawford, Indiana; died on 17 Feb 1892 in Indiana; was buried in Wheatland Cemetery, Knox, Indiana.
Ruth Ann Scott was born in 1836 in Crawford, Indiana.
Wilson Winfield Scott was born about 1841 in Crawford, Indiana.


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April 29, 2017 by Ifra Asad
ILF 2017: Will HM Naqvi's 'The Selected Works of Abdullah (the Cossack)' be the Big Karachi Novel?
New York City's Bomb Magazine, which publishes new literature, has HM Naqvi tagged as an "experimental" writer*.
Naqvi's panel at the 2017 Islamabad Literature Festival (ILF) wasn't the most well-attended of the lot, probably because he had Syed Nusrat Ali's one-man mimicry mushaira and Arfa Sayeda Zehra's panel on Pakistan's history to compete with. I went, however: one, because Home Boy was great, and I'd wondered where he had disappeared to for the past eight years, and two, because his session was titled "The Big Karachi Novel". I'm a Karachi expat. The name draws me like a moth to a flame.
Up on stage with Fasi Zaka as moderator, Naqvi truly did give off the sort of vibe of someone who would be tagged "experimental" by Bomb Magazine. For starters, his shirt buttons were undone half way—which, contextualized in Islamabad, with daarhi-waalas in the audience, seemed like a comical parody of the writer trope than something more intentional. Secondly, when he spoke, he said things like "I work at night. I work from midnight till about 6 am. At night, the noises in the city and the noises in my head are quiet." Thirdly, when he began reading, he did so with a specific cadence, half growl, half poetry, slow, methodic, but musical. You could tell he would be the sort of writer to narrate ordinary things in strange, novel ways.
For example, this description of Ramadan from his forthcoming novel The Selected Works of Abdullah (the Cossack) as it appears in an excerpt on the Bomb magazine website:
"…I feel unstable, unhinged, and in good company: everyone turns lunatic in the Holy Month. We become mean, testy, preachy, sanctimonious. The only time one feels the presence of God during this disconsolate period is when one happens to find oneself on the empty streets at the break of fast. The city seems uninhabited then, and in the resonant silence, there are Intimations of Divine Order."
I haven't read the book yet, but I already know this book will put me in a dream, take me to a different sort of Karachi, where poverty is jostled aside (roughly, in true Karachi style) for poetry.
The session was to promote Naqvi's upcoming novel (an audience member asked: "So when do we get to read it?" He answered: "Think of it like nihari. It takes some time to cook. Have some patience."). Cossack will be an epic that spans the history of the city through the protagonist Abdullah, a 300lb man who, much like all of us, is weaving his way through love, life, and his place in the world—and is characterized as a metaphor for Karachi itself.
Naqvi explained how he has spent the past few years researching the city's intricacies and depth in meticulous detail, painting Karachi in light of the modern predicament that plagues all sprawling cities such as Lagos, Jakarta, or Bombay. As a native Karachiite, this is all very exciting: I personally cannot wait for this book.
An audience member asked: "So when do we get to read it?" Naqvi answered: "Think of it like nihari. It takes some time to cook. Have some patience."
It's fantastic that this relatively nascent culture of literary festivals has spread across the major cities of Pakistan. How else would one be hyped up about something that's not even published yet? This, in addition to the myriad sessions the ILF presented on the history of Pakistan, the sociopolitics of gender and the media, literature both in English and Urdu, jam-packed mushairas, and performances on Ismat Chughtai amongst others, made for a wonderful bubble of activity in Islamabad.
Here's to many more!
*They also have him tagged under "Indian literature". Let's calm the quivering rage: They meant well, I'm sure.
Ifra Asad is a poetry editor at Papercuts magazine.
This entry was posted in Literary Events, South Asian Writing and tagged dwl, H. M. Naqvi, Home Boy, ILF, Islamabad Literature Festival 2017, The Selected Works of Abdullah (the Cossack). Bookmark the permalink.
Book Review: On the Porosity of Mohsin Hamid's Prose and Exit West
One thought on "ILF 2017: Will HM Naqvi's 'The Selected Works of Abdullah (the Cossack)' be the Big Karachi Novel?"
Parvez says:
Look forward to the Cossack ….. but don't expect much from it. All our present authors come across a sprinters, while in essence to write ' the big novel ' one has to be a long distance type……but then again I think HM Naqvi has the ability to pull a rabbit out of the hat.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When it comes to supporting elephants and conservation in Africa, Jim Justus Nyamu absolutely walks the walk.
He has, in fact, walked more than 7,500 miles in Kenya and since 2013 walked more than 6,000 miles globally (including one Boston-to-DC jaunt) in support of elephant-oriented causes.
The executive director of the Kenya-based Elephants Neighbors Center (ENC) is currently in the midst of one of his most ambitious endeavors yet: a walk that will take him 2,600 miles from Nairobi through six countries -- through Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana and ending in South Africa -- all to call attention to the plight of the African elephant.
According to data on the ENC website, the African elephant population dropped from 472,269 to 401,732 between 2006 and 2013. ENC attributes the drop in numbers primarily to illegal poaching.
So Nyamu -- who also leads the "Ivory Belongs to Elephants" movement -- kicked off an awareness campaign by tying his shoes and grabbing his passport.
He started the "East-Southern Africa Elephant Walk" last month at the Kenyatta International Conference Centre in Kenya's capital and plans to be on the road through December.
The Nigerian newspaper Pulse NG notes that "his trek comes at a time when the elephant corridor is experiencing rapid depletion of elephants due to an increased demand for wildlife trophies in China, America, and Europe."
His home-country newspaper The Nation notes that Nyamu is a trained research scientist whose "love for elephants began when his uncle brought home a wildlife magazine when he was just 14."
Nyamu is one of Moving Giants' "Elephant Champions," and we are cheering him on! Follow his journey on Twitter and Facebook.


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Government's leasehold reform proposals do not go far enough
January 8, 2021 January 10, 2021 | Marc da Silva
New locally focused property portal to launch next month
The government's leasehold reform proposals potentially fall short of what is needed to reform the sector, according to The Leasehold Group.
The government yesterday announced a range of proposed reforms to the leasehold system, designed to help leaseholders own their homes, while reducing the costs involved and making the enfranchisement process clearer and fairer.
But The Leasehold Group has expressed concerns that the proposals lack any detail and actually risk causing greater confusion to existing and potential leaseholders.
Anna Bailey, founder and CEO of the Leasehold Group, said: "Our highly experienced technical team has reviewed the proposals at length and there are certainly several important points to consider in this respect. While we acknowledge that progress has been made by the government's announcement, we believe that there is a long way to go and that the devil will be in the detail as to whether the outlook for leaseholders will truly be rosy.
"Having been at the forefront of this sector and working solely for leaseholders for nearly 20 years, I am genuinely concerned that the reforms proposed will in reality change very little for 'millions of leaseholders' and are nothing more than window dressing. We – and the clients for whom we are working – urgently need more clarification on how, and crucially when, the reforms will actually be implemented."
Extending leases to 990 years
The government has announced that millions of leaseholders will be given a new right to extend their lease by 990 years and reduce their ground rent to zero, in a move it says will make home ownership fairer and more secure.
Bailey added: "Giving leaseholders the opportunity to extend their lease by 990 years is actually a moot point; a leaseholder already has the right to extend their lease by 90 years and reduce their ground rent to a "peppercorn" under existing legislation, and, arguably, there is virtually no difference in the value of a leasehold property with a 990-year lease compared to a 160-year lease.
"In fact, the government's proposals may do more harm than good, by creating a fourth tier or type of leasehold flat available to potential purchasers in an already confused market.
"There are already those flats with diminishing leases of, say, 75 years, on which mortgage lenders will currently not lend (with or without 'onerous' ground rents).
"There are those properties that have extended their leases by adding 90 years and reducing their ground rents to zero under the 1993 Act.
"There are those flats that have already purchased their share of freehold collectively with their neighbours and then extended their leases to 999 years with a reduction in their ground rents to zero.
"There will now be a fourth type, whereby leaseholders will be able to add 990 years to their existing leases, resulting in a lease of over 1,000 years! Surely this will add to the confusion of an already muddled and distorted leasehold property market?"
Scrapping ground rents
According to the government, any leaseholder who chooses to extend the lease on their home will no longer pay any ground rent to the freeholder but this is a moot point, according to Steve Jones, director of valuation at Leasehold Valuers, part of the Leasehold Group.
He commented: "Ground rents already reduce to virtually zero under existing legislation, so, in order to curb the burdensome bureaucracy faced by leaseholders, the government should address the onerous service charges that many leaseholders are forced to endure, as well as unfair licence and permission/consent fees, and restrictive covenants imposed upon owners of leasehold houses.
"These are additional barriers to leaseholders fully owning their own homes and are the main cause of the many unfair and ridiculous expenses leaseholders are forced to pay.
"We are also concerned that the government's commitment or ability to abolish "prohibitive costs like 'marriage value'", i.e. the additional amount paid to a freeholder when a lease falls below 80 years, is not explained in any detail. However, this will represent losses of billions of pounds worth of income for freeholders – and they will are unlikely to give this up without a fight."
Leasehold houses
With respect to the reforms proposed for owners of leasehold houses, Belinda Walkinshaw, head of law at Leasehold Law, commented: "There was never any justification for houses to be sold on a leasehold basis in the first place, and we believe that the rights of the owners of leasehold houses and flats are distinct and therefore that their needs are very different. Leasehold house owners in the main are only interested in owning their freeholds outright and are simply not interested in extending their leases – be it by 50 (existing right) or 990 years as proposed; flat owners, on the other hand, seek greater control and transparency over how their entire block or estate is managed.
"On a daily basis we see owners of leasehold houses hugely frustrated by the lack of statutory timeframes, which in turn leads to unnecessary and unwelcome delays. We believe that the introduction of such regulated timescales would be a quick win for the government.
"By focusing on the matter of lease extensions for leasehold house owners, the government has actually legitimised the notion that leasehold houses are an acceptable form of ownership, firmly contradicting the much-heralded pledge by developers to no longer sell houses on a leasehold basis.
"Also, owners of leasehold houses must have owned their properties for a continuous period of at least two years before being able to exercise the right to purchase their freehold, which can delay claims and increase the price payable.
"Unfortunately, the government is not proposing to abolish the two-year rule, which would give leasehold house owners the right to extend their lease or buy their freehold from the first day of ownership. Abolishing this two-year rule could have been yet another 'quick win' for leaseholders."


Bosnian-American industrial designer Amina Horozić has spent the past decade working at every kind of design job imaginable: she's designed cars, speakers, computers. She's been a design researcher and written a book. These past few years have presented her with a new question: how can a designer make positive change in the world? After her talk on the issue at agIdeas, desktop sent her a few questions to find out what she's been thinking about.
So, your first trip to Melbourne? How was it — same, different, alternate universe-y…?
It was lovely! Everyone is so friendly, I felt quite at home—and the coffee, everywhere, was just exceptional.
It was interesting, then, to hear your defence of design for social development at agIdeas: that the problems facing the global south are too multifaceted; that no single solution will be perfect; that there are many forces who are happy with the status quo. All of which are true. Why do we in the developed world tend to be so cynical of these sorts of projects?
I wish I had an answer for you. Personally, I always feel better knowing I've tried to make a positive difference even if I have failed, over not bothering to try at all. That's what sustains my hope: that one of these attempts at affecting change may actually stick and leave an impact.
I know that any designer worth their salt is empathetic with the needs of the persons they're designing for, and therefore has a good gauge of reality and obstacles that they're trying to design around. A healthy dose of both cynicism and optimism is needed to design an appropriate solution—cynicism in order to understand and anticipate the roadblocks and worst-case scenarios, and optimism for the energy to design and push through them.
Let's talk about SPRING Accelerator, a project designed to help lift girls out of poverty in East Africa and South Asia.
We've worked with our partners to design SPRING as a pioneering accelerator that will support businesses whose products and services could transform the lives of adolescent girls. It will give entrepreneurs tailored support to grow their businesses, overcome barriers and empower adolescent girls. The goal of SPRING is to enable early-stage ventures to reach more than 200,000 adolescent girls with innovative products and services that will improve and change the way they live.
Some of the SPRING Accelerator's entrepreneurs will include businesses that have physical products at the core of their organisations. As fuseproject is well known for our products' mass market success and enabling organisations to grow through, and with, design — we have designed the accelerator experience to assist the entrepreneurs to do the same with their businesses.
So, SPRING is a business accelerator. How do your product design skills affect your work on SPRING?
My role is to help entrepreneurs analyse their products and identify areas of opportunity, as well as highlight aspects of the product that need change. Of course, we aim to identify those aspects that are successful and could be scaled across a product portfolio.
So, the way my product design skills impact SPRING is through sharing of my expertise with the SPRING entrepreneurs—enabling them to make appropriate adjustments to their products, and thereby their businesses. It is one of many aspects of their businesses we are helping them to assess, analyse and potentially reframe. The goal is to design for business growth, and to direct the growth and development of products and businesses so they can have a positive impact on the adolescent girls in the region.
SPRING credits its focus on girls to what Nike calls 'The Girl Effect'. What has the experience been like for you, as a woman, trying to help young girls out of poverty?
It's fascinating how many issues our global sisterhood shares—whether we live in San Francisco or outskirts of Dhaka. We are all trying to build safer, cleaner and more welcoming and inclusive communities. And I think it's that fact that makes this project so easy to relate to, and understand, for everyone involved.
There's a lot of different stakeholders [in these projects], but there's also current ingrained systems in place that aren't exactly placing the focus of their agendas on girls' health and well being, financial or otherwise. Not to mention the harsh realities in which the majority of the world lives.
What are the challenges of bringing design thinking to impoverished areas, where there are lower rates of literacy and people spend a much larger amount of time doing things like cooking, finding water, and so on?
We have some assumptions, and some known facts like lack of certain resources—both in human capital and raw materials—but we won't be certain of exactly what the challenges will be until the program starts unfolding. We will find out soon enough as to what obstacles we will encounter, what will stand in the way of implementing new designs and new business models, and where and how we'll have to be creative in order to affect change.
What designers or projects do you think are doing great work at the moment?
There's so much good work being done these days, it's overwhelming! Patricia Urquiola and the Bouroullecs can do no wrong in my book. I also love what's been coming out of Form Us With Love, Nendo, Gam Fratesi, Formafantasma…I could go on for days on this topic. It's an exciting time to be designing and to be a designer.
What projects would you like to be working on in 5–10 years?
If you told me ten years ago that by 2015, I would have published a book, gotten an MBA and be working at fuseproject in San Francisco I'd laugh and tell you you're crazy. So to answer your question, I hope that in 5-10 years I'm working on something that would positively surprise, and fulfil me, just as much as the last decade has.
Aether Cone. Lead by Casper Asmussen, designed by Amina Horozić, Mika Nenonen and Chad Harber.


Beautiful Belgium is bordered by France, Germany, Luxembourg and Holland. It is a relatively small European country, and many comprehensive tours of Western Europe include at least one overnight in its cosmopolitan capital of Brussels, home to NATO and the European Union. Brussels' gothic Grand Palace is a must-see highlight, as is the statue of Manneken-Pis: a little boy peeing in a fountain, which is a testament to the Belgian sense of humor and irreverence.
Visitors on a Belgium vacation might also spend time in the northern part of the country, Flanders, which encompasses the cities of Antwerp, a port city on the Scheldt River which links to the North Sea; medieval Bruges with its network of canals; and quiet Ghent, also filled with lovely historic buildings and abbeys.
If you are a beer connoisseur, you'll love Belgium tours, since the country is home to more than 1,000 different beers! Fruit beers are popular (if not unusual), so try the cherry beer, for sure. Belgian chocolate is famous worldwide, as are Belgian waffles and chips ("fries"), often served with mayonnaise - yes, it's tough to watch your waistline when you're traveling in Belguim. For souvenirs to take home, consider shopping for pretty handmade lace, especially in Bruge - a lovely reminder of your Belgium tour.


As a child, I felt the power of a strong community that cared for its children and families. I spent my childhood in a very small town in rural Illinois where everyone looked after each other, helping care for children while parents worked or driving a family to the doctor when their car wouldn't start.
As an adult, I've spent most of my professional life thinking about early childhood systems at the state level—helping state leaders figure out which programs and policies best support children's development and learning. Living in North Carolina over the past 30 years, I've seen the importance of community-based early childhood initiatives (i.e., Smart Start in my state) but have been struck anew recently by the power of local leaders and community members coming together to improve the lives of young children and their families. I saw it in the work accomplished by rural community teams as part of the Transformation Zone in North Carolina's Early Learning Challenge grant. And I heard about it from leaders in communities, big and small, at the Building our Future meeting.
This meeting was organized by Child Trends, with support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the George Kaiser Family Foundation, to examine the innovative efforts of three communities to support young children's development. Each community chose a different path to a common goal. In Tulsa, community-based coordination efforts surround and supported its Educare program (a high-quality early care and education program). In Durham, the community launched the East Durham Children's Initiative a neighborhood-based initiative that addresses health, family support, early learning, and education. In yet another strategy, Oregon is expanding the common notion of community by demonstrating the role of state government in supporting community-based early childhood initiatives through its regionally-based Early Learning Hubs.
Following the meeting, Child Trends synthesized important themes and lessons in a just-released report. Although each of these communities are unique and approached its work differently, there are five themes that connect all their work.
It is important to use data to document progress toward goals and to guide decisions. Leaders from these communities talked about the importance of having clear goals and outcomes, as well as of gathering data to determine whether progress is being made. Some communities had data available, whereas other communities are still developing the necessary systems to gather the data.
The success of a community-based effort relies, in part, on the broader supports and services at a city, county, or state level. Communities (e.g., neighborhoods, cities) exist within larger ecosystems (e.g., counties, states) and can build on the existing efforts of the larger ecosystem. For instance, a neighborhood-based effort is more likely to help families of children who are at risk for later school failure to enroll in high-quality early care and education programs if there are adequate numbers of high-quality programs and child care subsidy resources in the county.
To be successful, an initiative has to meet the needs of the community. Each community has its own strengths and challenges. What works for one community may not work for another. Thus, early childhood initiatives that are grounded in the community must include families and community leaders in their development and implementation.
Success encompasses evidence-based programs, innovation, and coordination. To reach the outcomes of interest, these communities implemented evidence-based programs whenever possible, created new strategies to fill gaps when needed, and coordinated across programs. A collection of programs will not necessarily lead to success; coordination among the programs and partners is important to ensure that everyone remains focused on the shared goals and understands how their particular piece of the work affects others' work.


In their classic 1970 song "Teach Your Children," Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young sang, "You, who are on the road, must have a code that you can live by." Good advice, whether on the road or doing vitreoretinal surgery! Hardly a day goes by in the operating room that I don't remember some rule or technique passed on to me by a former mentor. When applying cryotherapy to a retinal break, I always hear Tom Aaberg Sr. telling me, "Never cryo unsupported retina" (for fear of necrotic retinal breaks) and "Don't move the cryo probe until it defrosts" (because of the risk of fracturing a choroidal vessel). When putting in a scleral suture, I still hear Victor Curtin tell me to "pick with the tip of the needle" (to engage the sclera and set the depth) "and then glide" (through the sclera).
Surgery is a complex series of technical steps bound within an overall approach to surgery. Early in our careers, we learn those steps and approaches from mentors and hope to gather the tools to learn or create new techniques and approaches as we gain experience and advance in our careers. In this article on training vitreoretinal fellows, I took much from the mentors who trained me and much from observing the best fellows in the world over 35 years of teaching in Miami, Milwaukee and Detroit. From my mentors I learned to examine the eye (Ed Norton), develop a surgical plan (Robert Machemer) and carry out that plan (Tom Aaberg Sr. and Victor Curtin). From my fellows I have learned that there are many ways of accomplishing surgical goals and that the fellow's ability to think and adapt both before and during a case is usually more important than his or her technical dexterity. Herein are some of the rules I teach to my vitreoretinal fellows.
1. Be a good examiner and understand the pathology of the eye.
Edward W. D. Norton, the former chair and director of the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute in Miami, was the best examiner I have ever known. He used to play a game with fellows in which he always found something on the eye examination that the fellow missed. As a fellow, I took it as a challenge and spent extra time on each of his patients to try to identify every tuft, rosette or opacity, but while my skills definitely improved, I never bested him. From him, not only did I learn how to do a complete examination, I learned the importance of a complete examination.
One of the first things I teach a fellow is to understand the eye. I want the fellow to know the vitreoretinal relationship in any surgical case. In a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, is the vitreous completely separated? Is the vitreous base posteriorly located? Is there a PVD at all? The answers to these questions will often determine the approach to repairing the retinal detachment. For example, if the retinal detachment is due to round holes in lattice degeneration in a younger patient without a PVD, a primary vitrectomy might not be the best approach for repairing the retinal detachment and a primary scleral buckle would be the preferred operation. In vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment, the character of the vitreoretinal adhesions (focal or broad) and the degree of vitreous separation anterior to and between the vitreoretinal adhesions will determine the difficulty of dissection. The examination of the eye in conjunction with the OCT will define the best areas for beginning peeling of epiretinal membranes. I prefer the fellow make a drawing of each case and bring pertinent studies, such as OCTs, to surgery.
Following clinic, Robert Machemer would sit with the fellows and discuss each case that was to have vitrectomy. He would discuss the pertinent pathoanatomy of the eyes and the approach to surgery. As I assumed my own surgical practice, I learned that I was best prepared for a case if I preoperatively went through an exercise of thinking through the case from beginning to end. I would close my eyes and visualize the pathoanatomy of the eye and how I would do each consecutive step of the operation. I would think in detail, such as how I expected the vitreous to separate, how I would dissect and remove membranes and how I would reattach the retina and how I would perform retinopexy.
Seeing the results of surgery and dealing with people after surgery is the best teacher!
I would think of whether to do or revise a scleral buckle and whether to use perfluorocarbon liquids, gas or silicone oil. With this exercise, I soon found that I could anticipate potential problems in the case and best be prepared to deal with them. I still go through the exercise when I approach a particularly complex or difficult case. In addition to discussions with me prior to a case, I ask my fellows to go through the exercise of preoperatively visualizing the surgery on every case they do.
Besides the mental preparation for surgery, I want the fellow to prepare physically as well. The fellow should go through a checklist to make sure that everything needed for the case is available in the operating room. While a large medical center operating room may have multiples of every piece of equipment, that may not be the case everywhere. Therefore, it is the surgeon's responsibility to make sure all needed equipment is available. It is best to do this before the patient reaches the operating room because it is difficult to cancel a case once the patient is there. In addition, the fellow must learn to understand the equipment and be able to troubleshoot problems. The surgeon can't always depend on "others" to get balky equipment running or make sure all the tubes are correctly connected if the "others" aren't there.
It is difficult to learn vitreoretinal surgery by reading about it or watching it. The small nuances of vitreoretinal surgery are such that the fellow has to do surgery in order to learn surgery. The learning should be in a well-supervised environment. After watching one case with me, I give the fellow increasing surgical responsibilities on subsequent cases. Fellows vary in the time it takes to assume major technical and decision-making responsibilities, but the majority of motivated fellows learn to do most maneuvers in vitreoretinal surgery within six to eight months. Learning good decision-making generally takes more time than learning the technical aspects of retinal surgery. Decision-making only comes with reading, discussion of cases with mentors and thinking through each case prior to surgery. Post-surgery critique by mentors is critical to developing excellent technical and decision-making skills. Possibly most important, the fellow must see and follow all of his or her postoperative patients. Seeing the results of surgery and dealing with people after surgery is the best teacher of all!
In modern vitreoretinal surgery, there are many ways to reattach retinas, peel membranes or do many different maneuvers. At the American Academy of Ophthalmology Subspecialty Day in Retina, there are often debates on surgical topics with one speaker "pro" and the other speaker "con." Topics such as use of perfluorocarbon liquid to reattach the retina during vitrectomy vs. creation of a drainage retinotomy, placement of a scleral buckle or not when doing primary vitrectomy for retinal detachment or whether a primary scleral buckle or a primary vitrectomy is best for a certain retinal detachment show that there is usually not a single general answer for most of these controversies. However, what is apparent is that the surgeon must be well-trained in all of these techniques so he or she can give the best treatment for the individual case based on best evidence.
Fellowship is only a beginning. I encourage fellows to continue to discuss cases with colleagues and mentors long after completion of fellowship. In addition, soon after completion of fellowship, I encourage fellows to observe outstanding surgeons operate. Unlike when first learning vitreoretinal surgery, a trained surgeon can learn a great deal by watching other surgeons operate. When new techniques are introduced, I encourage former fellows to go to seminars, observe videos and watch other surgeons in order to learn new techniques. Within one year of completing my fellowship, because of improvements in instrumentation, I was doing many things differently.
Dr. Abrams is a professor at the Kresge Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, at Wayne State University School of Medicine. Contact Dr. Abrams at: Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, 4717 St. Antoine St., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Email: gabrams@med.wayne.edu.


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Olympic History
Winter Olympic Games
What state held the 2002 winter Olympic?
The winter Olympics were held in the state of Utah in 2002.
What country first proposed the winter olympic games as separate from the traditional olympic games
How did the athletes prepare for the ancient olympic games
What other events were included in the ancient olympic games after the first ancient olympic games
Who ended the ancient olympic games
Q: What state held the 2002 winter Olympic?
Witch state had the 2002 winter olympic games held there?
The 2002 Winter Olympics were held in the state of Utah.
The 2002 winter olympic games were held in what state?
Utah.
Which state was the 2002 winter olympic games held in?
Which state held the 2002 Winter Olympic games?
The 2002 Winter Olympic Games were held in this state?
Where was the summer olympic held in 2002?
There were no SUMMER Olympic games. 2002 was when the Winter games were held, which was in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
In which location was the 2002 winter olympic games held?
Salt Lake City, Utah.
Where were the 2002 winter olympic games held and who won the most medals?
The 2002 Winter Olympics were held in Salt Lake City, Utah. Germany won the most medals with 35.
Where was the winter Olympic games held at?
The Winter Olympic Games was held at Chamonix, France in 1924
The location of the 2002 summer olympic game?
In 2002 it was the winter Olympic games not the summer Olympic games. The 2002 winter Olympics, officially known as the XIX Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated in February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The 2000 summer, or millennium games were held in Sydney, Australia.
Where were the 2002 Olympic held?
The 2002 Winter Olympics were held in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Where were the first Winter Olympic held?
The First Winter Olympics were held in Chamonix, France in 1924. Originally called "International Winter Sports Week," the IOC retroactively renamed the First Winter Olympic Games when it was determined that the event was a success.
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The sixth wedding venue in our 2016 Weddings in Woodinville recap series features Novelty Hill-Januik Winery with coordination by the Taylor'd Events Group.
Jennifer Taylor, Taylor'd Events Group, embraced Woodinville Wine Country's modern winery and our beautiful environment with a "Northwest Elegance" wedding theme. Jennifer and her team of top wedding professionals brought her wish of bringing nature indoors, a dream she's had since she saw Prince William marry Kate Middleton, as this year's inspiration for Novelty Hill-Januik Winery. The warmth of wood, the elegance of black and white, and the lushness of greenery all came together to create Northwest Modern Elegance. Modern pieces showcased the clean, contemporary lines of the winery, and add a twist to the black tie affair.
On the last Sunday of January, top Woodniville Wine Country wedding venues opened their doors in lavish style to future brides and grooms. Professionals from every facet of planning a perfect wedding were on hand to answer questions. Samples of table settings, floral designs, catering, music and more were displayed. In addition, top of the line transportation shuttled guests from venue to venue in safety and style during this wedding wine tour - Weddings in Woodinville.
The fourth wedding venue in our 2016 Weddings in Woodinville recap series features DeLille Cellars coordinated by Valley & Company Events.
Nick and Aleah Valley, Valley & Company Events, embraced the Chateau's ambiance and architecture for a "Timeless French Elegance" theme. The French countryside signifies a relaxed elegance to Nick and Aleah Valley. Nick & Aleah, and their creative partners, dressed DeLille Cellars in a warm Northwest-meets-French ambiance with hints of our gorgeous Pacific Northwest. A mix of soft neutral and pastel hues, light and airy textures, and classic French elements with a bounty of Northwest greenery, coastal elements and details that make our region so beautiful set the scene for the Weddings in Woodinville celebration.
Weddings in Woodinville is a wedding show designed to give couples and their families and friends a sneak preview of Woodinville Wine Country's top wedding venues fully-decorated and hosted by Seattle's top wedding professionals, so engaged couples can better envision their special wedding day. Held on the last Sunday of January, this chauffeured tour is an idea fest of innovative décor, amazing wines and tasty tidbits.
The third wedding venue in our 2016 Weddings in Woodinville recap series features The Woodhouse Wine Estates which was coordinated by Sprinkled in Seattle.
Katie Slayton, Sprinkled in Seattle, treated guests to an "Elegant PNW Ski Lodge" which played off the ambiance of the venue with Woodhouse's warm, inviting atmosphere. Katie and her team incorporated current wedding trends into their overall design while simultaneously transforming the space into a luxurious lodge. The venue's transformation was reminiscent of cool winter nights sitting in front of a fire with an oversized blanket and glass of wine.
The second wedding venue in our 2016 Weddings in Woodinville recap series features Columbia Winery as designed and coordinated by MG Davis Events.
Melody Davis, MG Davis Events, inspired guests by her "Vintage Las Vegas" celebration theme with her incredible team that rivaled Oceans Eleven. A swank mid-century bar, gaming tables and a Rat Pack style band entertained and appealed to both the Brides and Grooms in attendance. Inspired by the rich textiles and fashion of the 1950-60s the use of neutrals with flecks of bright turquoise and orange evoked a feeling of luxury and indulgence.
On Sunday, January 31, 2016, 8 top Woodinville Wine Country wedding venues open their doors in lavish style to future brides and grooms. Designed as a wine tour, Weddings in Woodinville gives couples, their family and friends a view of fully decorated venues designed and coordinated by one of our talented wedding planners. Wedding planners transform each venue using their expertise and select vendors including florists, DJ's, caterers, invitations, linens, decor, lighting, makeup and hair, wedding apparel, officiants, musicians, jewelry, videographers and tenting, to create an example of wedding day perfection. These industry professionals were also on hand to answer questions at each location to help plan & discuss such wedding day elements as table settings, floral designs, catering, music and more. Top of the line transportation from Butler Seattle chauffeured guests from venue to venue in safety and style completing the perfect wedding day image from guest's arrival to the get-away car.
B&E is proud to be the premier media sponsor of Weddings in Woodinville, Woodinville Wine Country's premier chauffered wine and wedding tour. Held Sunday, January 31, the 2016 tour featured 8 venues, Columbia Winery, DeLille Cellars, Hollywood Schoolhouse, JM Cellars, Novelty Hill-Januik Winery, Redhook Brewery, Willows Lodge and the Woodhouse Wine Estates and showcased Seattle's top wedding vendors along with timeless and trending wedding ideas in every detail of wedding planning from favors, to flowers, to photo booths.
Over the next 8 weeks we'll be sharing all the details on each venue in our Weddings in Woodinville 2016 Series and today we are excited to start with JM Cellars as designed and coordinated by Jacky Grotle of Event Success.
Jacky's theme, FERN-A-LUSCIOUS, was inspired by all that the Pacific Northwest has to offer - beautiful lush greens. Set on seven acres of beautiful wooded hillside known as "Bramble Bump", JM Cellars was the perfect backdrop to showcase "Our love of nature expressed in our Weddings in Woodinville 2016 design 'Fern-a- luscious'. We incorporated ferns with our elegant design using green, grey, ivory and touches of yellow."
Taking inspiration from the movie Gattaca which represents the past, present and future; Laura & Eric dreamed up one fantastic celebration which unfolded at Novelty Hill-Januik Winery. Delight in the vibrant photos from Alante Photography.
From the Planner: We had a wonderful time planning their wedding day and seeing at all came together. Alante Photography did a fabulous job capturing their big day!


Is there any wizard or something that allows us to create EJB 3.0 from database tables?
There's menu group (RMB on module) called "Generate Persistence Mapping".
Sources) then this group will contain "By Database Schema" item.


text:
Agricultural and Food Science
Acute toxicity of birch tar oil on aquatic organisms
M. HAGNER
O-P. PENTTINEN
T. PASANEN
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2137/145960610791015023
Birch tar oil (BTO) is a by-product of processing birch wood in a pyrolysis system. Accumulating evidence suggests the suitability of BTO as a biocide or repellent in terrestrial environments for the control of weeds, insects, molluscs and rodents. Once applied as biocide, BTO may end up, either through run-off or leaching, in aquatic systems and may have adverse effects on non-target organisms. As very little is known about the toxicity of BTO to aquatic organisms, the present study investigated acute toxicity (LC50/EC50) of BTO for eight aquatic organisms. Bioassays with the Asellus aquaticus (crustacean), Lumbriculus variegatus (oligochaeta worm), Daphnia magna (crustacean), Lymnea sp. (mollusc), Lemna minor (vascular plant), Danio rerio (fish), Scenedesmus gracilis (algae), and Vibrio fischeri (bacterium) were performed according to ISO, OECD or USEPA-guidelines. The results indicated that BTO was practically nontoxic to most aquatic organisms as the median effective BTO concentrations against most organisms were >150 mg L-1. In conclusion, our toxicity tests showed that aquatic organisms are to some extent, invariably sensitive to birch tar oil, but suggest that BTO does not pose a severe hazard to aquatic biota. We deduce that, unless BTOs are not applied in the immediate vicinity of water bodies, no special precaution is required.;
HAGNER, M., PENTTINEN, O.-P., & PASANEN, T. (2010). Acute toxicity of birch tar oil on aquatic organisms. Agricultural and Food Science, 19(1), 24-33. https://doi.org/10.2137/145960610791015023
Agricultural and Food Science (AFSci) publishes original research reports on agriculture and food research in relation to primary production. Acceptable papers must be of international interest and have a northern dimension. We especially welcome papers related to agriculture in Boreal and Baltic Sea Region.
Anna-Maija Heikkilä
Impact factor (2018): 1.2
(5-years 1.95)
InCites Journal Citation Reports Ranking 2018: 22/56
(Agriculture-Multidisciplinary)
Northern Agriculture in Changing Climate
The articles of the journal and its predecessors Journal of the Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland, Journal of Agricultural Science in Finland, Agricultural Science in Finland, Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, The Journal of the Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland i.e. Maataloustieteellinen aikakauskirja have been scanned to pdf-format from 1945 to 1997 and are now available for readers of the journal free of charge. The digitalization of the predecessors of Agricultural and Food Science was funded by Kopiosto and The Finnish Science Publishers Association. If any of the authors of these scanned articles do not want their article to be included in the archive, please contact the editor of the journal (editor@afsci.fi).
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text:
Ка́рликовий гура́мі або гура́мі-пігме́й (Trichopsis pumila) — маленька лабіринтова рибка з родини осфронемових (Osphronemidae), підродина макроподових (Macropodusinae).

Вид вперше описав німецький акваріуміст Йоган Арнольд (J. P. Arnold) у 1936 році як Ctenops pumilus. Карел Лім (K. F. Liem) у 1965 році перевів його до роду Trichopsis.

Родова назва Trichopsis жіночого роду, тому правильним написанням видової назви є pumila, а не pumilus, як часто зустрічається.

Поширення і екологія
Батьківщина виду — Індокитай. Зустрічається в басейні нижнього Меконгу в Камбоджі, Лаосі, Таїланді та В'єтнамі; у Таїланді водитьсґ також в Мекхлонзі, Чаопхрая.

Зустрічається в різних водоймах природного або антропогенного походження: ставках, заплавах, бокових відгалуженнях річок, болотах, рисових полях, зрошувальних каналах, придорожніх канавах. Зазвичай це стоячі або із млявою течією водойми із щільним шаром рослин на поверхні. Іноді це можуть бути водойми з низьким вмістом кисню.

Харчуються зоопланктоном, комахами та іншими дрібними водяними безхребетними.

Популяція виду в природі є стабільною, у Червоному списку МСОП вид має статус «найменший ризик» (LC).

Систематичний статус
Аналіз мітохондріальної (COX1) та ядерної (RAG1) ДНК показав, що всі популяції T. pumila утворюють один єдиний вид. Філогенетичні дерева, реконструйовані з наборів даних COX1 та COX1 + RAG1 з використанням аналізу Баєса, показали наявність у складі роду Trichopsis трьох клад, а саме T. pumila, T. schalleri і Т. vittata. T. pumila може бути сестринською кладою для двох інших.

У тайській провінції Пхетчабурі (на захід від Бангкока) були виявлені природні міжвидові гібриди між самками T. vittata та самцями T. pumila: вони успадкували ген COX1 від матері і ген RAG1 від батька. Їх намагалися розвести в умовах акваріуму, але це виявилось важкою справою. Крім того, в потомстві виявився сильний дисбаланс між самцями та самками, перших виявилось лише близько 5 %.

Опис
Це маленькі рибки, що сягають лише 3,5-4 см завдовжки. Мають витончене, витягнуте в довжину, помірно стиснуте з боків тіло. Морда маленька, гостра, рот верхній.

Спинний плавець короткий і піднятий угору у вигляді вітрила, анальний плавець довгий, хвостовий круглястий, іноді легко загострений посередині. Формула плавців: D III/7-8, A  V/20-25, P 10-11, V I/5, C 13-14. 9 поперечних рядів лусок, у бічній лінії 27-28 лусок.

Основне забарвлення тіла оливкове, спинка темніша, черевце й хвостове стебло зеленкувато-білі. Від рила до кореню хвостового плавця проходить чітка темна поздовжня смуга, над нею розташований ряд тісно розташованих темних плям, які утворюють другу смугу. Тіло вкрите світло-блакитними або зеленкуватими блискучими крапочками. При боковому освітленні рибки мають перловий відтінок. Спинний, анальний і хвостовий плавці блакитні або зеленкуваті, вкриті коричнево-чорними крапками й рисками, край прикрашений темно-червоною смужкою з блакитною облямівку. Черевні плавці жовтуваті, їх видовжений промінь має блакитний колір; грудні плавці не забарвлені.

Статеві відмінності в карликових гурамі невиразні. Вважається, що самці трішки більші й трохи інтенсивніше забарвлені, спинний і анальний плавці в них більші й легко загострені на кінці. Самки дещо повніші, а верхня поздовжня смуга у них більш розмита. Якщо розглядати риб проти світла, у зрілих самок можна побачити яєчники.

Представники роду Trichopsis мають унікальний звуковий орган, утворений грудними плавцями. Звуки, що видають ці риби, складаються з коротких подвійних імпульсів і нагадують тихе м'яке тріскотіння. Їх чітко чути за межами акваріуму. Рівень звукового тиску у T. pumila становить 126,5 дБ, а тривалість подвійного імпульсу 316 мс. Чітке буркотіння супроводжує візуальні прояви агресії або репродуктивної поведінки у самців. Механізм виробництва звуків у самок відсутній.

Як і всі лабіринтові риби, карликові гурамі мають також лабіринтовий орган — допоміжний орган дихання, який дозволяє їм використовувати атмосферне повітря. Періодично вони спливають до поверхні за черговим ковтком повітря. Такий спосіб дихання дозволяє рибам виживати у бідних на кисень водоймах.

Поведінка, розмноження
Самці карликових гурамі влаштовують між собою поєдинки, але вони не приводять до травм суперників. Бійці стають боком один до одного, нахиляючи голову вниз або навпаки піднявши її догори. Вони розправляють плавці й швидко кружляють у такій позиції, описуючи кола. При цьому риби видають звуки, візуально це можна побачити за швидкими рухами грудних плавців. Паралельно суперники намагаються вдарити один одного хвостом. Результат поєдинку зазвичай вирішується вже за кілька хвилин боротьби. Подібним чином самці карликових гурамі залицяються до самок, але вони не б'ють їх, і тут є лише один учасник. У такий самий спосіб відбуваються й поєдинки між самками, але вони це роблять «мовчки».

Самці карликових гурамі будують маленькі й мало помітні гнізда з бульбашок серед плавучих рослин. Риби відкладають до гнізда 100—170 ікринок. Самець охороняє гніздо й піклується про ікру.

Господарське значення
Для рибальства карликовий гурамі не має значення, але разом із іншою рибою може потрапляти до сіток місцевих рибалок. Вид присутній в акваріумній торгівлі.

Утримання в акваріумі

Карликових гурамі тримають в акваріумах. Це нескладна риба для утримування риба. Для пари цілком вистачає і 10-літрового акваріуму, але краще тримати карликових гурамі невеличкою групою у більш просторому (близько 50 літрів) добре засадженому рослинами акваріумі з мінімальним рухом води та пом'якшеним освітленням. До складу води особливих вимог не виставляють, рекомендується твердість в межах 5-19°dH, показник pH 6,0-7,0. Дещо вибагливі до тепла. Оптимальною вважається температура води 25-28 °C, проте за 28-32 °C рибки бувають більш рухливими і мають яскравіше забарвлення. Погано переносять коливання температури й зовсім не виносять похолодання. За температури нижче 23 °C рибки стають блідими та млявими.

У передчутті нересту риби значно підвищують активність, самець раптово стає агресивним. Він відшукує затишне містечко в кутку акваріуму для будівництва гнізда й не підпускає туди інших риб. Тоді вибирає собі зі зграйки самку й відганяє її до себе в куточок. Таку пару можна саджати на нерест. Нерестовищем може бути невеличкий акваріум на 6-12 літрів із шаром води 10-20 см. Використовують дрібнолисті, широколисті рослини, рослини, що плавають на поверхні. На дно можна покласти на бік гончарний горщик для квітів або шкаралупу кокосового горіха. На відміну від більшості лабіринтових риб, карликові гурамі не мають певного характерного місця для нересту, тому їм слід забезпечити різні можливості. Температура води в нерестовищі має бути близько 30 °C.

Самці карликових гурамі ретельно приховують свої гнізда. Відкладання ікри відбувається в характерних для лабіринтових риб обіймах, коли  самець обгортається навколо самки й перевертає її черевом догори. Ікра відкладається пакунками по 2-3 ікринки. Незважаючи на те, що окремі акти ікрометання тривають лише декілька секунд, весь нерест може продовжуватись до 2 годин. Ікринки білі, непрозорі, падають на дно. Самець хапає їх ротом і переносить до гнізда.

Після нересту самець перебирає на себе догляд за потомством під гніздом, тоді як самка захищає територію навколо.

Інкубаційний період триває 24-36 годин. Личинки, що вилуплюються, мають на голові липкі ниточки, завдяки котрим вони тримаються в гнізді. Зазвичай на 4-й день після нересту вони перетворюються на мальків і починають самостійне життя. Ростуть вони досить швидко. Визрівають приблизно в 5 місяців.

Джерела
 Hans-Joachim Richter. Das Buch der Labyrinthfische. Melsungen [u.a.]: Verlag J. Neumann-Neudamm, 1983, S. 92-93. ISBN 3-7888-0292-8
 Rudolf Zukal. Akvarijní ryby. Praha: Svépomoc, 1984, s. 222-223
 Walter J. Rainboth. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong . Rome, FAO, 1996, p. 217 ISBN 92-5-103743-4

 Hans Frey. Das Aquarium von A bis Z. Radebeul: Neumann Verlag, 1969, S. 601-602
 Günther Sterba. Aquarienkunde, Band 1. Melsungen [u.a.]: Verlag J. Neumann-Neudamm, 1975, S. 420-421. ISBN 3-7888-0217-0
 М. Н. Ильин. Аквариумное рыбоводство. Москва: Издательство Московского университета, 1977, c. 371: Род трихопсис (Trichopsis)
 T. pumila. IGL
 Trichopsis pumila (Arnold, 1936) Sparkling Gourami . Seriously Fish
 Pygmy Gourami (Trichopsis pumila) . Tropical Fish Keeping

Примітки

Посилання
 Гурами карликовый (Trichopsis pumila) . Зоомагазин «Аквамир»
  by TheFishGuy011
  by Rachel O'Leary
  by AquaFish Badis

Риби Таїланду
Риби Лаосу
Риби Камбоджі
Риби В'єтнаму
Трихопсис
Акваріумні риби
Тварини, описані 1936

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: NodeJS - send 200 status code 2 times if condition is true I to send data 2 times to client but only send second data to client if some condition is true for example: if some variable exists (from middleware, in my case: req.userId which is not always expected since req.userId is decoded id from jwt token so if token exists, req.userId exists too.
I am validating user in that way, if user has authenticated s/he has token and I send additional data, otherwise I should send data that is visible for everyone) send header to client with 200 status code (I mean that header is not for error) and continue code execution and outside of that if statement there is second header to send also with 200 status code, but if condition is false skip that condition and just send second header which is sent in every case, and client side (react js) check if that data exists and then set it to state or do whatever to prevent undefined variables, client side validation is easy I already did it but because of my buggy code I got undefined.
Anyway, I knew it and it was planned that i would get undefined without checking, so problem is not in client side, it's in server side and here's problem: my code only sends header which is first in code here is my code
router.get("/", async (req, res) => {
  var data = { foo: "bar", foo1: "bar1" };

  if (req.userId) {
    const user = await User.findById({ _id: req.userId }, "-password").lean();

    res.status(200).send({ name: user.username });
  }

  return res.status(200).send({ data: JSON.stringify(data) });
});

So if I write return res.status(200).send({data: JSON.stringify(data)}) first it does not send send data object (neither not name) but when i authenticate and create req.userId it sends data object (not name), but if i first write condition it does not sends anything at first but when i authenticate and create req.userId it sends name (not data object), i am really confused and don't know why is this happening
Here is my react code if it matters:
componentDidMount() {
  axios
    .get("/api/main")
    .then(res => res.data)
    .then(data => {
      this.setState({ name: data.name });

      alert(data.data);
    })
    .catch(error => {
      if (error.response) {
        console.log(error.response.data.message);
      }
    });
}

Since I am using componentDidMount it should send data object when page content loads
THANKS!

A: You can't reply twice for a single request. But you can manage the way you answer differently, for example :
router.get("/", async (req, res) => {
  var data = { foo: "bar", foo1: "bar1" };

  if (req.userId) {
    const user = await User.findById({ _id: req.userId }, "-password").lean();

    data.name = user.username;
  }

  return res.status(200).send({ data: JSON.stringify(data) });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
ERG Colloquium: Andy Jones: Rational Numbers: Improving the Usability of Science for a Climate Resilient Society
Colloquium | March 14 | 4-5:30 p.m. | 126 Barrows Hall
Speaker: Andy Jones, Research Scientist, Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Sponsor: Energy and Resources Group
There is a growing need for information about changing climate conditions to guide planning ranging from agriculture to water and energy systems to coastal infrastructure. However, many of the scientific data products available to decision-makers were not produced with their needs in mind and lack credibility information that could be used to guide the use of certain data products for specific applications. Here I describe two lines of research aimed at addressing this gap – a stakeholder-informed model climate model evaluation approach, and the development of decision-support tools that enable a risk-based approach to adaptation planning given uncertain future conditions.
Dr. Jones is Deputy Director of the Climate Readiness Institute and a research scientist in the Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory where he leads the Earth Systems and Society Program Domain. He is the Hydroclimate theme lead for LBL's Water-Energy Resilience Research Institute. His research uses quantitative Earth system science tools –computer models, uncertainty quantification techniques, etc. – to gain decision-relevant insight into how humans affect the climate and vice versa. Through partnerships with practitioners, his work aims to enhance the resilience of water, energy, and agricultural systems to multiple stressors including an uncertain climate future.
Event contact: ergdeskb@berkeley.edu, 510-642-1640