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Eriez® Appoints Guenthardt President and CEO
Eriez Apr 16, 2020
Erie, PA— Eriez® Chairman Richard Merwin announces the appointment of Lukas Guenthardt to the position of President and CEO. Eriez selected Guenthardt to fill this leadership role when Timothy Shuttleworth retired after serving as the company's President and CEO since 2004.
Guenthardt joined the Eriez Board of Directors in 2011 and was named Executive Vice President of Global Strategy and Development in 2014. Merwin says, "Lukas is an accomplished global executive with a proven track record. His years of experience managing our global subsidiaries have prepared him well for success as our new President and CEO to lead Eriez' strong position and growth opportunities in key industrial markets, including food processing, pharmaceutical, mining, chemicals, paper, rubber and metals recycling."
According to Merwin, Guenthardt has developed and implemented business operations systems that strengthened Eriez' drive toward a more integrated global company. "Lukas's emphasis on accelerating the company's business development initiatives in new and existing markets has helped Eriez maintain and expand our worldwide leadership position across the diverse industries we serve," says Merwin. He adds, "I look forward to working even more closely with Lukas as we move ahead with a continued focus on the growth and success of Eriez as our shared priority."
Prior to joining Eriez, Guenthardt was with K-Tron International for 20 years, serving in various executive capacities during that time. He started in K-Tron's research and development department and then relocated to Switzerland to direct European and Asian operations. Guenthardt later moved back to the United States to head K-Tron's strategy and acquisition activities and subsequently was named President of K-Tron's Size Reduction Group.
Guenthardt earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from The University of Basel and a Master of Science in Management from Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is Eriez' fourth president since the company's founding in 1942.
Eriez is recognized as world authority in separation technologies. The company's magnetic lift and separation, metal detection, flotation, materials feeding, screening, conveying and controlling equipment have application in the process, metalworking, packaging, plastics, rubber, recycling, mining, aggregate and textile industries. Eriez manufactures and markets these products through 12 international facilities located on six continents. For more information, call toll-free (888) 300-ERIEZ (3743) within the U.S. and Canada. For online users, visit www.eriez.com or send email to eriez@eriez.com. Eriez World Headquarters is located at 2200 Asbury Road, Erie, PA 16506
Contact: Ed Stevens, Stevens Strategic Communications
estevens@stevensstrategic.com
John Blicha, Eriez
jblicha@eriez.com
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


2019 Year 12 Parent's Info Evening for Internal Applicants to Dalriada.
The presentation from the information evening that was held on the 5th March can be found in the 'School Info' section under the 'Information Evening Presentations' section. Or just click the link.


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The Bait-ul-Maal of Koofa
:Qurrat-ul-Ain Abidiy
"Moawiya would hand over the Bait-ul-Maal of Koofa and the revenue of Darab Jerd ( Darab Gard, a state in Iran) to Imam Hasan (as) so that he could meet his expenses and pay back his debt and other dues." 29
Before deciding whether this condition is true or false, it is necessary to study the relevant details.
The historian Tabari, and later Ibne Aseer, writes that Imam Hasan (as) wanted that Moawiya should hand over to him the money available in the Bait-ul-Maal of Koofa. Moawiya agreed to this condition. At that time there were fifty lakh (five million) Dirham in that Bait-ul-Maal which (Imam) Hasan bin Ali (as) took to Madina. 30
Dr. Husain Mohammad J'fari, challenging this narration of the historian Tabari, writes :
"For two reasons, there seems to be no logical reason for this condition:"
"1. Till the time of the peace agreement, Imam Hasan (as) was the undisputed caliph of Koofa. Therefore, the Bait-ul-Maal was under his custody;"
"2. Our sources confirm that it was the practice of Hazrat Ali (as) that at the end of every week he used to distribute all that was in the Bait-ul-Maal. Therefore, it is difficult to believe that within the few months of the caliphate of Imam Hasan (as), despite heavy war expenses and the disorder due to the martyrdom of Hazrat Ali (as), fifty lakh (five million) Dirham would still be available in the Bait-ul-Maal." 31
In a few narrations it is mentioned that Imam Mujtaba (as) had demanded that Moawiya should allow him to take as much money from Bait-ul-Maal as he wished so that he could repay the debt and other dues, while some others say that Imam Hasan (as) wanted that Moawiya should hand over the Bait-ul-Maal of Koofa to him. At that time there were said to be seventy lakh (seven million) Dirham in the Bait-ul-Maal of Koofa which Imam Hasan (as) is alleged to have taken with him to Madina. Moawiya had promised to give him an additional sum of ten lakh (one million) Dirham per annum. In "Mukhtasar-al-Jame' " it is even alleged that Imam Hasan (as) had sold the caliphate to Moawiya for fifty lakh (five million) Dirham and had taken the commitment that he would pay a similar amount annually to the Imam (as). 32 According to the historian Dinavari, Imam Hasan (as) had demanded that, apart from Bait-ul-Maal, the revenue of an Iranian state Darab Jard would be reserved for him; a sum of twenty lakh Dirham (two million) would be given to his younger brother Imam Husain (as); and Bani Hashim would be given preference over Bani Abde Shams. Also, that these conditions had been included in the Peace Agreement. The condition about Darab Jard's revenue has also been mentioned by other historians. 33
All these narrations have so many inaccurate statements that the researchers doubt whether such a large amount could have been demanded from Moawiya and consider these narrations as weak. Those mentioning such narrations have used the Arabic words "qeel or yaqal" which is a clear indication that these are weak narrations. That is why a large number of historians do not even mention these conditions. Apart from the above, many objections can be raised against these narrations:
(1). Imam Mujtaba (as) was the caliph of Islam. Is it possible that he was so indebted that he needed such a large amount for its repayment while the Bait-ul-Maal of Muslims was under his own control?
(2). In the Bait-ul-Maal, along with booty, there is also the amount of propitiatory offerings and Zakat. Is it possible that Imam Hasan (as), being one of the Ahle Bait on whom propitiatory offerings are forbidden, had considered it lawful to use the money from Bait-ul-Maal for his personal expenses? Had he done so, would the other members of the household of the Holy Prophet (saww) not have objected?
(3). It is a hard historical fact that huge sums had been offered to the Imam (as) by Moawiya so that he may abdicate caliphate in favour of Moawiya, but he declined Moawiya's politics of bribery and faced him boldly. He clearly indicated that if he had the love of wealth and coveted worldly power and authority, Moawiya would never have been able to snatch the same from him. In the light of these hard facts, there is no doubt that the weak narrations, particularly those that he sold the caliphate in exchange for a certain amount and put the condition that Bani Hashim be given a higher status than Bani Umayyah, are unreliable. The fact is that in the dignified and pious life of the grandson of the Holy Prophet (saww) there is no chance of such behaviour. In authentic narrations about him it has been stated that twice he had distributed all that he had among the needy. Similarly, in his character and manners there is no indication that he might have aired family status and ignored the principle of equality in the distribution of money from Bait-ul-Maal.
(4). From the Shia sources the narrations regarding the Imam (as) having asked for the money and revenue are not confirmed. The only demand that is confirmed is that Moawiya would pay compensation to those who were killed or injured in Siffin and other wars and the revenue from Darab Jerd would be reserved for the purpose. This appears to be a reasonable condition as Moawiya was responsible for these wars and it was his duty to compensate for the same. The scholar Baqar Qarshi writes in this regard:
"(Imam) Hasan (as) did not like that he should take any sum from the Bait-ul-Maal for himself or his Shias. As far as he was concerned, the propitiatory offerings are forbidden for him as well as for all Ahle Bait (as). As far as his Shia are concerned, it cannot be denied that the propitiatory offerings are undesirable as these may include ill gotten money (after the payment of which the rest of the amount becomes 'paak'). Therefore, the Imam (as) did not consider it suitable for his Shias as well, and fixed the revenue from Darab Jerd (for compensation to them) which was booty, and there was no element of doubt in its use for them." 34
The scholar Hashim M'aroof al Hasani also doubts the weak narrations and he expresses his views thus:
"These narrations lack authenticity from the point of view of continuity of source and are weak. Apart from this, it is also likely that the governments of Bani Umayya and Bani Abbas concocted such narrations just like dozens of others that they had concocted about Imam Hasan (as), so that they may influence human minds that Imam Hasan (as) had bargained for money in exchange for caliphate and had opted for a life of pleasure, giving up the most important religious issues. These ideas were spread by an Abbaside caliph who wanted to harm the cause of Husaini followers who were active against the oppressive rulers. 35
We cannot claim that the above research is a hundred percent correct but it cannot be denied that Moawiya had offered large sums to Imam Hasan (as) which he had rejected outright as he considered it "blackmail" and bribe. In his opinion, Moawiya or any other caliph did not have the right to give the money belonging to Muslims to anyone - even to Imam Hasan (as). This fact has been mentioned by A'sam Koofi in his history. 36 Researchers like Dr. Taha Husain also do not disagree with these conclusions. 37
29. Ibne Khaldoon, 'Tareekhe Ibne Khaldoon', vol. 2, p. 186; Abdul Qadir Badran, 'Tahzeebe Tareekhe Damishq'...Ibne Asakir, Beirut, vol. 4, p.224; Ibne Kaseer, 'Albidayah val Nihaya', vol.8, p.15; Hafiz Zahbi, 'Tareekh Al Islam'; Dainvari - 'Al Ekhbar al Tawaal, Cairo, Daar Ahya al Kutub, 1960, p.218; Ibne Khalkan - 'Wafeeyat al 'yan', Qum, Manshoorat al Razi, 1364 A.H., vol. 2, p.66; Ibne Aseer - 'Al Kamil fee al Tareekh', Beirut, vol. 2, p.446; Husain Dayar Bakari - 'Tareekh al Khamees', vol. 2, p.390; Hafiz Zahbi, 'Al A'bar, vol. 1, pp.34-35; Tabari - 'Tareekh al Tabari', vol 3, p. 166; Ibne S'ad - 'al Tabaqaat al Kubra', vol. 8,p.76, under publica tion. Dr.Abdus Salaam Tarmanini - 'Ahdaas al Tareekh al Islami',vol.1, p.420; Abdul Aziz Salim - 'Tareekh al Daulatal Arabia,vol .2, p.337 ; Sayuti - 'Tareekh al Khulafa', Qum, p. 191;
30. Earlier references.
31. Husain Mohammad Ja'fari - 'The Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam', p.149;
32. Husain Dayar Bakari - 'Tareekh al Khamees', vol. 2, p.390;
33. The references have been quoted under No. 29.
34. Baqar Qarshi - 'Hayat al Imam al Hasan bin Ali', Najaf, Matba' al Aadab', 1973, vol 2, p.245.
35. Hashim M'aroof - 'Serat al Aimmah Asna Ashar' Beirut, Darul T'aaruf lil Mutboo'at, 1977, vol. 1, p.584; For further reference, refer to Baqar Qarshi - 'Hayat al Imam al Hasan bin Ali', vol 2, p.405.
36. Ibne A'sum - 'Al Futooh', vol.4, p.159.
37. Taha Husain - Islamiyat - 'Al Fitnatul Kubra', Ali-o-Nubuva, p.979.
Adpted from the book: "Imam Hasan and Caliphate" by: "Qurrat-ul-Ain Abidiy"
A brief history of the Holy Shrine of Fatima Ma'suma (A)
The Death of the Holy Prophet
The Sacrilegious Act of Destroying Holy Shrines in Jannat al-Baqi Cemetery
Zaynab (S.A.) is like a 'Sun' shining in the Islamic history
Prev: The undesirable schism of reviling Hazrat Ali (as)
Next: The Formal Announcement of Peace


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Beyond Saying Sorry: A More Meaningful Path to Conflict Resolution
By Daniella Guzman
"Say 'I'm sorry' and mean it!" How many times have we told our kids to apologize for saying or doing something hurtful to someone else?
Honestly, forcing my 5-year-old, Sofia, to apologize in the heat of the moment makes me feel better as a parent. But when she doesn't mean it, I feel guilty because I believe it's a poor lesson to make her say empty words without meaning.
After a couple of embarrassing "I'm not sorry" episodes with Sofia on the playground, and hearing other moms struggling with the same situation, I thought to myself that there must be a better way to get kids to apologize and mean it.
Some child psychologists suggest asking your kids questions such as, "What were you feeling when you did this?" or, "How do you think it made your sister feel when you did this?" I tried that a couple of times and it didn't seem to work well for my Sofia. She just felt the questions were blaming her. I started experimenting with other ideas and found that a logical explanation went a long way.
When a heated situation arises and I have two kids crying, pointing fingers and tattling right in front of me, I start by asking them to take a deep breath and stop crying. I have them face each other and I put my arms around them. I ask each child what happened. I then say something like this, "I can see both of you are hurt and upset. Do we want to make things better?"
They usually respond with a "yes." I say, "OK, Sofia, Stella didn't like it when you were forcing her to play on the monkey bars when she wanted to swing. Let's take turns and play with both. And, Stella, Sofia got her feelings hurt when you told her that she's not your best friend anymore. Do you really mean that?" Usually, the answer is "no." I then respond, "If you don't mean those words, then you shouldn't say them. We don't want to hurt each other."
When I explain things logically, the kids seem to understand much better and not make it a big deal. I hug it out with them, tickle them, tell them I love them and say, "OK, now go play and have fun!"
I try to minimize the conflict so they can see their problems are important but not worth fighting about. Of course, this all depends on what the conflict is and what the disagreement is about.
It's important for children to understand that it's OK to feel mad, sad or frustrated, and that it's OK not to agree all the time, but that finding a solution and coming to terms with those feelings is important and a part of life.
A verbal apology would be great, but I think comprehending what is happening and what needs to be done to fairly resolve the problem is just as important. And since children learn best through parent modeling, I do a lot of apologizing at home. I try to model what a good apology looks like for our kids, and what it means to take responsibility for our actions. I recently apologized to my 5-year-old by saying, "I'm sorry I overreacted when you spilled your milk in the car. I know it was an accident and I'm sorry. You didn't deserve that." I've said this to Sofia many times. Everyone makes mistakes. That's a part of life and when we apologize to our kids, we teach them everyone apologizes — even teens and adults.
Don't forget that teaching your kids to forgive and accept an apology is just as important. For real healing after an apology is given, have your child say something like, "That's OK" or, "I forgive you."
Daniella Guzman is the anchor on NBC4 Southern California's "Today in LA" weekday morning newscast, 4:30-7 a.m. A mother of two, Daniella's column, "On the Record," brings her views on parenting, fun family activities and her take on work-life balance. Follow her on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram @daniellanbcla.
Filed Under: Elementary, Life At Home, Toddler
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Western Stone Forts is part of the Tentative list of Ireland in order to qualify for inclusion in the World Heritage List.
As our last stop on the Irish West Coast, we boarded the ferry to Inishmore. The Aran Islands had gotten raving reviews in Lonely Planet and while I am generally distrustful of Lonely Planet recommendations, the pictures sure look nice. With some excessive driving through Connemara we made it in time for the noon ferry.
Staigue which we had seen before on the Ring of Kerry had not impressed me too much. It's a fairly small site. Interesting to see, but putting it into historical context (300-400 CE), you realize how backwards this area really was.
Dùn Aonghasa, meanwhile, is just stunning. Situated on a cliff with the Atlantic Ocean just beneath you it is a site to behold and well worth the praise it receives. If you are in the area, e.g. to visit Skellig Michael, you should find time for this.
I tried to visit more of the proposed locations, but they were literally impossible to find. I am pretty sure we were within a kilometer of Benagh on the Dingle Peninsula (that's at least where out map puts it), but there were no signs to be found whatsoever and we drove on.
If I had only seen Staigue, I would give a rather dubious review. Yeah, a stone fort. I could see inscription chances, but only as a niche nomination. Dùn Aonghasa has a superior, more general quality and I would heavily favor inscription. However, the Irish list hasn't progressed much of late, so I am not holding my breath. In place of the Stone Forts, I could also see an Aran Islands inscription as a unique cultural and natural landscape. See our discussions in the forum.
Staigue is a few kilometers off the Ring of Kerry. It is signposted from the main road. Don't drive to fast or you will miss the road.
Dùn Aonghasa on Inishmore can be reached by ferry from Rossaveel. A shuttle bus to Galway is included in the ferry ticket. In high season you may have to reserve, but this wasn't an issue for us. On the island you can join a tour by mini bus. We rented bikes instead. There are multiple bike rentals directly at the port. Word of advice: You should manage your time well as the island is rather large, a bit hilly and very windy.
The Aran Islands deserve more time than we afforded them. I would have loved to stay a few days longer.
Most sites are situated along the Wild Atlantic Way, a great road trip destination with impressive views of Ireland's coast. On the Dingle Peninsula you will find the 7th century Gallarus Oratory and several beehives. There are also several beaches. The largest city of the area, Galway, sees its fair share of tourists, but we weren't all that enthralled by the town and quickly drove on.
The UNESCO website is not particularly clear on which sites are incorporated by this proposal. Only Dún Aengus (on the Aran Islands) is specifically mentioned.
I visited Staigue Fort in Western Kerry in February 2009. It was a great stop on a lovely drive on the Ring of Kerry.
The fort itself was small but very impressive, built of thick dry-stone walls and commanded a nice view of the valley down to the Atlantic. It is circular with a very small entrance at the front and a few stone chambers in the wall. The stones inside of the walls have been piled up to create stairs to enable you to get to the top of the walls. I climbed up and was surprised by how big the drop was on the other side; it certainly would have taken a lot of effort to get inside if it was being defended. The fort was a fair way of the main road and I was the only soul here, apart from one sheep. The out of the way charm of the place made it a worthwhile stop.
I am not sure if these sites would be put forward as the Irish tentative list is pretty old now and nothing much has happened with it for a long time. They could be an interesting addition, similar in character to the Temples of Malta, though nowhere near as old. From what I can gather Dún Aengus is a very impressive site, but perhaps not strong enough to make it on the list by itself. Putting the western stone forts togther seems like a logical way of making it a more viable candidate for inscription.


SPAROZA Brand is a Greek family business, specializing in herbs, seeds, citrus and spices blends that can be used in every meal or snack occasion.
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As women, we all have certain times of the day we feel our best. Some of us are morning people and simply glow in the AM, some of us are night owls and feel the most energetic of an evening. But regardless of how we feel, when do we look our best?
A poll of a thousand women completed by London Premier Laser showed that women look their best at precisely 10.06AM on a Monday morning. Who knew? The day we all dread, the start of the working week when we're still getting over our weekend sins is when we hit our beauty peak. Definately good to know when we're morbidly sipping coffee questioning our 'unorganised chic' office attire grimacing thinking of the week ahead.
If you're not a morning person it might surprise you to see you're at your most gorgeous around an hour after you start work and your least gorgeous in the afternoon. But if you think about it, by late afternoon most days you're probably more than ready to go home, coming down from your afternoon chocolate sugar hit and in need of a makeup refreshment. So it actually makes sense. And by Thursday afternoon when we feel our lowest, most of us have the weight of the week on our shoulders and the poll shows, that it shows in our face.
We've all heard about it, but who has actually tried it? Well the vampire facelift has proven to be a popular facial treatments at London Premier Laser , why? Because it's not as grim as it sounds! It only takes up to an hour, uses your own blood, there's no recovery time and it can lead to smoother, brighter skin. Quick enough to fit into your lunch break on maybe…Thursday?
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The quality of someone's baggage isn't just a consideration when you're entering a relationship – it's a fundamental way that your employees are going to be judged when they enter meetings with clients as well. And while you can't do anything about Jim from sales' mommy issues, you can certainly make sure he looks a lot better when he's pulling out his laptop to fire up that slam dunk powerpoint presentation he spent so much time putting together. It's all about the details.
You may think you all know each other, but as any shipwreck survivor can tell you, real bonding happens in the wild. After a few days on vacation together, everyone will know what it's like to turn to the person in the next cubicle, reach into their chest, and feel their squishy, pulsating heart. Okay, maybe it won't get that intimate, but at least you'll get to see people let their guard down for a few minutes.


Newmobility.news is an official media partner of the 9th Sustainable Innovation Forum 2018 (#SIF18), a major business-focused event to be held in Katowice, Poland, along the United Nations Climate Conference (COP24). The two-day forum gathers 600+ business delegates around crucial questions about sustainable solutions with mobility of the future as one of the four key domains.
It's rather remarkable that the 24th Conference of the Parties (COP) with 195 countries that signed the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015 to start mitigating the effects of global warming due to CO2 emissions, is held right in the heart of Poland's coal mining region, in Upper Silesia around Katowice.
On the long-term the goal of the Paris Agreement is to keep global warming well under 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to limit increase to 1,5°C. At the conference countries are expected to come forward with concrete goals and plans to start implementing measures for CO2 reduction as from 2020.
In June 2017 president Donald Trump announced the United States will withdraw from the Paris Agreement as he promised US coal miners during his election campaign 'to save jobs' by keeping the mines open. But the earliest date the US can actually withdraw is November 2020, shortly before Trump will try to get re-elected for a second term.
Poland, hosting and presiding the COP conference for the third time, plays a rather ambiguous role. Its current government emphasized before it wants to keep its coal mines – Poland being still economically very dependent on them – open at least for a longer period.
It claims that it has "a self-determined pathway for achieving its own objectives in a climate-neutral manner", and states it doesn't actually need to walk the path of decarbonization with the vast Polish forests absorbing and thus balancing the CO2 emissions caused by burning coal.
On the Sustainable Innovation Forum that is to be held on 9 and 10 December at the Vienna House Easy Katowice Hotel, focus will be more on actual trends and solutions the business world can deliver in the future. It is organized by Climate Action as an official affiliate event of the COP24.
As a media partner, Newmobility.news readers can register with a 10% discount by using 'NewMobilityNews' as coupon code.
The discussion and networking event features international speakers around innovations in four domains: Circular Economy, Energy Transition, Climate Finance and Sustainable Mobility.
Kick-off is given in a free webinar on November 8th at 15h30 CET by Dr. Thomas Becker, Vice President Governmental Affairs, BMW Group, Germany who is one of the keynote speakers in Katowice too, and Matt Petersen, President & CEO of the Los Angeles Cleantech Incubator (LACI), USA.
How can we realize individual mobility in more and more densely populated urban areas?
What concepts do we need to be able to organize traffic in a resource-efficient and climate-friendly manner?
Insights into the Zero Emissions 2028 Roadmap – How are we getting there?


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The demon of artificial intelligence in journalism: innovations and societal challenges
by Mary Fagioli 17 Ottobre 2021
Artificial intelligence has fully entered the newsrooms. One of the first applications was the Quakebot software in 2014, developed by The Los Angeles Times. A few moments to write an article about an earthquake brought robot journalism to life. Here algorithms were able to get information from the USGS scientific agency and generate automated content, reviewed by employees before being published. Two years later the Washington Post used Heliograf for the Rio 2016 games short news.
Automated journalism is based on data mining, which is the extraction process starting from a large amount of raw data. The related technological innovations lead to questioning about the nature and uses of data, at a time when the tech giants Facebook and Google have increasingly become news distributors. In these frameworks, fake news and disinformation can easily spread on the web, undermining democratic freedoms (Obama, 2016) and open debate.
automated journalism, freedom of information, artificial intelligence, algorithm, press, journalism, media, natural language generation, robot journalism, news-writing bots, algorithmic journalism, fifth estate, democracy, bias, innovation, technological unemployment, jobs of the future.
A thinking machine has ideological implications. With a mind of its own (Haugeland, 1985) or the resulting automation of intelligent behaviours (Luger and Stubblefield, 1993), the position in which artificial intelligence falls may be controversial. Newell (1973) defined it as aimed at building intelligent artefacts, where operationalized intelligence is based on tests of intellectual and mental capacities.
Technological innovations
Digital disruption has had a significant impact in the journalistic sector, in terms of timing, processes, adoption of the latest technological tools, and new forms of employment. Compared to newspapers and newscasts, there are constant updates across different sites, with ever shorter times and without the deadlines established in the traditional news distribution. To operate these technologies, the acquisition of new technical skills becomes necessary. As a result, the figure of the backpack journalist has arisen. This multidisciplinary professional is able to produce content independently. Also, new types of journalism, such as data-driven journalism and immersive journalism, emerge. Rich media content requires transversal competencies too, from planning to more technical skills such as graphics and web design.
Artificial intelligence is applied daily in various fields: personal assistants in computers and smartphones, search engines, cyber-security, automatic translations, shopping, and online advertising. It is based on the use of algorithms, which are a series of instructions in order to achieve specific results, with a certain degree of autonomy. Three are the levels of artificial intelligence: Narrow, General, and Super. Narrow can perform a single task, for example in the weather forecast, chess game, data search; General AI can figure out the environment, as in social media, gaming, mail, VR; Super can use creativity. Among the many uses of artificial intelligence, are audience engagement, labour efficiency, and story discovery. Moreover, text generation, automated translation, and intelligent agents, such as chatbots and voice agents. Besides, it has found its place in the publishing industry, which becomes in turn a hybrid model of journalism and technology. It can definitely cover relevant aspects of the news-gathering, production, distribution.
News dissemination is one of the focal points of the media system, and now more than ever the journalist has to manage the social channels, in a mutual exchange with the reader. Among the changes, there is an increase in flexible work and fixed-term contracts. In journopreneurialsm (Prein, 2014), journalists have to run their own business, while keeping up with innovations and relate to followers. It is a human-centred communication.
Coming out of the dichotomy of useful tools for civil rights achievements and instruments for surveillance repression and disinformation, digital and its automatisms have certainly changed the way of working in the newsrooms. Between the journalist and the machine, there is a collaborative relationship. In this context, they are definitely complementary subjects. The Panama Papers in 2016 have shown how to build a narrative by processing a huge amount of data. The investigative story represents big signs of progress in newsrooms. It is not just a question of time reducing, but of the feasibility of the story, because of the difficulty to process and organize consistently all the data. So these technologies open up to increasingly qualitative investigations, outlining a future hybridized news work. In the Panama Papers, the data have connected individuals, whose relationships could delineate corrupt relationships or other crimes.
Computational journalism is based on the use of official sources, databases, data, social science tools, and can be open source. One of the most comprehensive applications is the crowdsourced Guardian article on MPs' expenses scandal in 2009 (Daniel and Flew, 2010).
Machines still have limitations, especially when they try to deepen a private sphere or contextualize a local community. Here critical thinking and the complex communication of humans still make the difference (Levy and Murnane, 2003), like learn and think outside the box. Consequently, functional metacognition for abstract spaces and new situations. The human worker may still ensure high-quality results.
Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science where computers or machines, capable of replicating the human brain, are developed. There are subfields, some of which are: vision, robotics, expert systems, speech recognition, natural language processing, and machine learning (Kayd, 2020). The latest innovation among the algorithms is the GPT-3, a language model developed by OpenAI, a project carried out by the entrepreneur Elon Musk. This linguistic algorithm is able to interpret and write correctly and clearly, with a much higher parameter storage capacity than the old GPT-2. In addition, it no longer requires human supervision, thanks to deep learning.
Another example of human-machine interaction is the creation of news stories in artificial intelligence. Newsbots are self-learning natural language processing software and generate content starting from a template. As a last step, they require the revision of the publisher. So, newsmakers can focus more on narrative, while AI collects and interprets the data flowing. They help to augment capabilities and reduce inefficiencies. Smart systems can make mistakes because they are trained by humans, who do, so they need constant validation.
Narrativa Inteligencia Artificial is a company that has created a natural language processing software to provide solutions such as writing journalistic texts. The operation involves the reworking of a large amount of data in a human-like language, so the final composition may expect sentences and paragraphs. This trend in newsrooms is called robojournalism (Ulfarte Ruiz and Manfredi Sánchez, 2019). It moves higher profits at lower costs, relieving humans of boring and repetitive tasks, with the aim of aligning speed to accuracy at scale. The process of conformation and data entry is given by the contribution of journalists and sees new professional figures emerge, between those who process data and those who focus on more cognitive processes. Gabriele, the Narrativa's AI proprietary software, is highly customizable and ranges from SEO positioning to reports, starting from statistical data.
In the video coding application field, the R&D department of the Italian public broadcasting company RAI is working on two main approaches. The first is hybrid and combines AI-based algorithms with the traditional video codec, replacing one or more blocks of the previous schema with a learning-based one. The second is the end-to-end video compression method. It is disruptive, and it is all based on neural networks. A big problem with artificial intelligence applied to video is the computational complexity, because, in the end, it is a general-purpose encoder that should run on all end-user devices, such as mobile phones, browsers, TV sets. Another consideration is that algorithms strictly depend on training. International standard organizations working with video codecs train neural network algorithms on their dataset, which are quite different from those of the broadcaster. As television standards advance, the content must be able to be displayed correctly. The question is that RAI has archives dating back to 1930, with a large variance in the material. Unexpected results can therefore occur, such as the removal of the film grain by the neural network algorithm, because it could be confused with an artefact. Other types of error are when neural networks adopt an incorrect behaviour. During a Scottish football match in Scotland, the artificial intelligence camera operator confused the ball for the linesman's bald head. Actually, these kinds of mistakes are without a solution. A further aspect worth dwelling on is the choice between beautiful or true content. With reference to the GAN neural networks, which are capable of reconstructing or creating complex image content, truthfulness could be lost (Iacoviello, 2021).
Case studies are plenty. Texty, one of the news organizations included in the 117-page report by Polis (Beckett, 2019), has carried out an investigation into illegal umber mining in the forests of three Ukrainian regions. They were able to analyze images at scale across a big part of the territory with the contribution of machine learning algorithms, finding relevant crimes. Another similar example, but based on text, comes from the Peruvian newsroom Ojo Público. They built their own algorithm Funes, starting from official sources, to find collusions by the government and big private companies in their country. It was developed taking into account the interpretation and consistency of the expected results, through data prioritization, classification, association, filtering. These two very different examples, one working on images and environment, the other on text and corruption, clearly show how creative use of algorithms and machine learning can really allow journalists to tell stories in ways that would not be possible otherwise (Peretti, 2021).
In 2011, the computer scientist Slonim started a new natural-language-processing machine, the Jeopardy project, which argued about politics. The types of argumentation that the machine had to learn are called patterns. One of the scientists of the team, Dan Lahav, estimated that there were between fifty and seventy types of argumentation that could be applied to cover at least every possible debate question. The first debate was in 2019 between an IBM project debater, proposed by Slonim, and the British economic consultant Harish Natarajan, in San Francisco. This was the first AI system able to exchange views with humans about complex topics, and capable to build persuasive points of view.
Ethical challenges
The social media algorithms induce relationships among the users, and these mechanisms build a programmed sociality. News media has become algorithmically attuned, outlining a mixed system with social media (Chadwick, 2013). This reciprocity is based on relevancy and clicks, which in turn engages readers. It is evident that these new dynamics have taken journalism to an extreme, and have seen the birth of trends such as clickbait and churnalism, subjected to a click return strategy. These practices are clearly detrimental to the credibility of the role of the press.
Algorithms sometimes make controversial decisions, bordering on censorship, as in the case of the winning "Napalm Girl" photography at the Pulitzer Prize. The deletion of the image from a post, echoed by the Norwegian minister Erna Solberg, has raised requests for a revision of the editing policy that regulates Facebook. She argued that the social media giant is the most powerful publisher in the world, and the freedom of the press might be protected. But a Facebook spokeswoman defended the company's stance as the post was flagged by a user, and the review team enforced the community standard. Ultimately, decision-making, as well as mistakes, can be made both by human beings and by algorithms. This also means that the procedure amplifies the existing biases in our society, such as inequalities, social injustices, and stereotypes, because the algorithm is basically trained by humans and humans are biased.
There is another interesting aspect to be explored: the Facebook's eight-day news ban in Australia, in consequence of the proposed law to make Facebook and Google pay for the contents of news publishers. Under these circumstances, Big Tech shows its dominance and the power of the few. Hence, the necessity for regulating the social media channels, especially in regard to attention-grabbing algorithms. Regulations are required to avoid the single market and the single ideology, to the detriment of the democratic participation and of the many (Moore & Tambini, 2018).
A substantial percentage of bots populate the social media platforms. On Twitter, are estimated between 9% and 15% of active accounts (Onur Varol et al., 2017). During the 2016 US elections, there was a shower of fake news, and after two years more than 80% of these accounts were still active. In this scenario of false users, trumped-up stories, and manipulated videos and images, called deep fakes, disinformation and radical scepticism towards evidence have increased.
Then there is the matter of the use of personal data. The mathematical models offer to profile the users and their behaviours. This surveillance capitalism (Deibert, 2019) has a famous precedent: the Facebook – Cambridge Analytica data scandal in 2018, in which 87 million Facebook accounts were sold as psychological profiles for political propaganda purposes. Social media has just swallowed everything up: the private sphere, government, security, touching also the banking system (Bell, 2016). They are ruled by algorithms based on relevance, therefore, as a direct consequence, they amplify the filter bubbles. This term indicates the isolation that people gradually are experiencing because of these models that predict the user's ideologies and behaviours, at the expense of the diversity that democracy may offer.
It is precisely the algorithmic accountability measure that investigates the power of making decisions for our lives, underlining errors, biases, and legal violations. In short, data transparency, security, as well as ethical issues. Transparency, aimed at regulating the data collection method, conservation areas, criteria for selection and analysis, restores a balance in the digital market. Whoever exploits data can be monitored. Given the growing power of the opaque algorithm in our societies, whose procedures and information are not provided, without any control data could be subjected to various uses, including commercial. This Algocracy has infiltrated human lives, data, choices, like a controlling Big Brother. In Italy, possible regulatory solutions have been devised to stem these opaque practices, such as search neutrality and algorithmic transparency (Razzante, 2018). On the other hand, it would mean limiting search engine innovations, and probably it is also necessary to understand what benefits there could be.
One of the emerging challenges within the AI governance framework is the responsible AI, which focuses on the ethical and legal uses of these technologies. The program describes the rational purposes and behavioural decision-making. Testing and governance criteria are necessary to prevent machine learning from being hacked easily, therefore minimizing the risks. Artificial intelligence can be used for malicious purposes or in any case to defraud a service or users. It is the same artificial intelligence that helps to counter these phenomena. It becomes the virus and the vaccine, as in the fight against fake news and deep fakes (Metta, 2021).
Impacts on society
The digital revolution has changed our society, giving everyone a voice and making content accessible. Internet ideally is open and free. However, the real independence of the press, as an institution within a democracy, seems to be threatened. This new environment is user-centered in a globally competitive world and provides less information on political or world news to those who are not interested, who may prefer entertainment, weather, sports, job listings, and social interactions. The fourth estate had the mission to tell the truth to power. As the content adapts, it loses credibility (Starr, 2012).
A new army of truth-seekers has arisen on the internet, between government forums and open documents. Social media has broken down the barriers of mainstream information, becoming a feature of the democratic model. Everyone has the potential to offer thoughts and produce content, being part of the digital ecosystem. This is the fifth estate, as the expansion of the fourth estate with grouped individuals in non-traditional media outlets. The Grenfell Tower tragedy showed how a massive reaction on Twitter influenced the public policy formation. After this clicktivism practice, the government opened a public investigation at unusual speed. The event also highlighted the decline that local print journalism is experiencing over the past two decades. In fact, through social media, journalists easily connect with locals and are able to cover the story. The present and future of the news media see an osmosis between journalists and technology. The biggest challenge is to align the speed of machines with the reliability of data and information, remaining relevant in a hyper-social world.
Social media has the power to build a loyal audience and readers manage to have stronger relationships with the editorial staff. There is sharing, collaboration, and participation. Digitization has increased the use of visual products. The online user experience has gone from point and click to touch and voice commands, thus landing on the internet of things. There is a need for content that is adaptable to device capabilities. New generations of millennials and generation X look for information on the internet, often relying on these channels. Reuters has had to meet these demands, also by inserting new categories, the fun and weird news. Gen Z, especially those born after 1996, uses more visual content than text and prefers interactive navigation, spending time in new immersive storytelling technologies like VR and AR.
Two experimental VR projects in journalism are the documentaries of Guantanamo Camp and the Project Syria. They aim for an immersive involvement. The Project Syria, produced by De La Peña, is made possible starting from photographic images and audio recordings. Here the authenticity and objectivity of the stories collide with the persuasiveness of the VR medium. The perception is that of the real world, unlike screens, and the full-body illusion is due to the close connection with the sensorimotor system.
Other remarkable innovations are telepresence robots, which save reporters' lives and cover news in conflict zones. One of the first experiments is the Csikszentmihalyi Afghan Explorer. These technological means do not know bias, they collect all possible data, and they do not suffer serious psychological consequences. Other tools used are drones, robotic snakes, artificial eyes.
The contemporary era has based its existence on the idea of scientific and technological progresses. The past century defeated diseases such as tuberculosis and plague, developing the cities as we live nowadays. And then the petrol engine, the electricity, the telephone. This is where the modern economic theory was born. The myth of progress and the growth of profit come into conflict with the human capital. We are entering the post-human era, in which machines and people will converge and technology seems to be the next Belphegor. 50% of jobs made by humans could not survive, and in 5-10 years most written stories can be made by machines (Lemelshtrich, 2018). Google's futurist-in-chief Ray Kurzweil hypothesizes that in 2029 the complex natural language systems could be endowed with consciousness.
Big data, artificial intelligence, cybernetics, and behavioural economics are influencing and shaping a data-controlled society that is more and more similar to the Orwellian Big Brother. The risk is not to be able to control the created creature.
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Petropoulos, G. (2017) The impact of artificial intelligence on employment. Available at: https://curis.ku.dk/portal/files/198709895/Work_in_the_Digital_Age.pdf#page=143 (Accessed: 23 April 2021).
Rasetti, M. (2020) Intelligenza artificiale, big data e democrazia. Che cosa aspettiamo? Available at: https://fondazionefeltrinelli.it/intelligenza-artificiale-big-data-e-democrazia-che-cosa-aspettiamo/ (Accessed: 18 February 2021).
Razzante, R. (2018) Authority italiane, quali regole per i Re degli algoritmi. Available at: https://www.agendadigitale.eu/cultura-digitale/authority-italiane-quali-regole-per-i-re-degli-algoritmi/ (Accessed: 23 April 2021).
Rossetti, M. (2019) Algocrazia: Search Neutrality e trasparenza quali possibili soluzioni contro il "potere dell'algoritmo"? Available at: https://www.osservatorio-dataprotection.it/dp/algocrazia-search-neutrality-e-trasparenza-quali-possibili-soluzioni-contro-il-potere-dellalgoritmo/ (Accessed: 23 April 2021).
Ruiz, M. J. U. and Manfredi, J. L. (2019) 'Algorithms and bots applied to journalism. The case of Narrativa Inteligencia Artificial: structure, production and informative quality'. Doxa Comunicación Revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales, 29, pp. 213-233. doi: 10.31921/doxacom.n29a11 .
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Cast AI Podcast
The "Cast AI" podcast focuses on the artificial intelligence daemon in newsrooms. It will be deepened the entrepreneurial point of view, the divergent opinion of the journalist belonging to the Fourth Estate, the overview of the innovation ecosystem, the perspective from the RAI R&D department's insiders.
The interviewees:
1. The CEO of Narrativa David Llorente
2. The journalist and broadcaster at the BBC Leigh Banks
3. The Manager of JournalismAI Mattia Peretti
4. The Lead Research Engineer at RAI Roberto Iacoviello and the Senior Researcher at RAI Sabino Metta
Special thanks go to RoboPeter's voice 🙂
17 Ottobre 2021 0 comment
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Yesterday, Leon Panetta, the Defense Secretary, speaking at the Air and Space Museum in New York warned we're possibly facing a "cyber-Pearl Harbor" where "foreign computer hackers" could disrupt "the nations power grid, transportation system and financial networks" particularly from "technical advances by the nation's adversaries which officials identified as China, Russia, Iran and militant groups."
Apparently Panetta intended to "alert" (scare?) the American people with visions of another Pearl Harbor (otherwise why use the analogy). But what's most interesting about the defense secretaries comments was what he didn't say; that the U.S. and Israel are the two countries who initiated cyberwarfare, particularly against Iran's nuclear facilities (Stuxnet) specifically a computer worm that intentionally damaged Iran's computers controlling the centrifuges enriching uranium.
So now the Obama administration is concerned we may be vulnerable to "others" ability to initiate cyberwarfare against us.
Needless to say, if you are the aggressor country initiating "warfare" of any kind against another country isn't it logical that country would defend itself in a similar fashion?
The fact is, it's the same with initiating drone warfare. The U.S. and Israel are the two countries aggressively using drones in an offensive manner, Israel in attacking Hamas in Gaza and the U.S. using drones to attack in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia.
These facts are not lost on other countries that naturally are developing their own drone technology as well as cyberwarfare capabilities as a counter measure to defend themselves.
So when Panetta talks of "action to defend the nation" it's a bit hypocritical considering the U.S. has been the aggressor.
It makes one think of the name change that occurred across the Potomac after W.W. II. The Pentagon was formerly named the "War Department." After the war it was changed to the "Defense Department" presumably intended to suggest the U.S. only engages in "defense of the country", rather than initiating pre-emptive "war" on others.


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Patricia Ann "Patti Ann" Nork, 36 of 12 Tar Road, Lost Creek passed away Saturday afternoon as the result of a vehicle accident on the Aristes Road in Union Township.
Born in Pottsville on October 30, 1975 she was the daughter of Frank P. Nork, Jr. and the former Patricia A. Hoskie of Lost Creek.
Patti Ann was a graduate of Shenandoah Valley High School Class of 1993 and attended Luzerne County Community College.
She was currently working as a home health care aide. Prior to that, she was employed in the automotive department in Sears, Schuylkill Mall, Frackville and later with Sears in the Connecticut area.
Patti Ann was a member of the Annunciation BVM Church, Shenandoah.
Preceding her in death were her grandfathers, Frank P. Nork, Sr. and John Hoskie.
Surviving in addition to her parents are a daughter, Kaitlyn Doyle at home; two brothers, Frank A. Nork and Paul J. Nork and his companion Sarah Whalen all of Lost Creek; grandmothers, Marilyn (O'Brien) Nork of Shenadoah and Catherine (Lute) Hoskie of Big Mine Run; a niece, Victoria Nork; aunts, uncles and cousins.
Sorry for your loss you are all in my thoughts & prayers.
My thoughts and prayers are with you at this difficult time. Please accept my heartfelt condolences for your loss of Patti Ann.
I'm very sorry for your loss. You are all in my thoughts & prayers.
My deepest sympathy for your entire family. May you find comfort in your memories, as I will in mine. Life takes all on different paths at times, but every once in awhile they cross again. Patty and I had that opportunity to reconnect and I will always be grateful we did. She will be deeply missed by many.
My family and I would like to express our sincere condolonces to Patti Ann's daughter, parents and family. I have many good memories of Patti Ann and her brothers growing up in the patch and playing with me and my brothers and sister along with the other kids of the patch. May you Rest In Peace Patti Ann.
She's in the arms of the angels.
I cannot begin to imagine the heartache and pain you are going through. Just know that you are in the thoughts, hearts, and prayers of many today and the days to follow. May time, prayer, and wonderful memories help ease the shock, heartache, and trauma that seem to consume you at this time.
You are in certainly in my thoughts and prayers.