text:
\section{Introduction}

The Coleman-Mandula theorem \cite{Coleman:1967ad} and its supersymmetric
extension \cite{Haag:1974qh} play a significant role in classifying {\it
relativistic} supersymmetry (SUSY) algebras and their
representations. The basic dynamical SUSY algebra
\begin{eqnarray}
\{ Q, Q^*\} = 2H
\end{eqnarray}
demands that all the relativistic fields should transform as a
non-trivial representation of the SUSY algebra. If a field $\phi$ were a
singlet under the SUSY, i.e. $[Q,\phi] = 0$ and $[Q^*,\phi]=0$,
then $\phi$ would be a singlet under the Hamiltonian time-evolution
$[H,\phi] = 0$ from the super Jacobi identity. Thus $\phi$ could not be a
dynamical field.

This argument may be modified in the {\it non-relativistic} (NR) system,
where there is no direct analogue of the Coleman-Mandula theorem. Hence
there is a theoretical possibility to realize
a theory containing a dynamical field that transforms as a singlet under
the SUSY transformation.

Indeed, the Galilean algebra can admit a supersymmetric extension with
the so-called kinematical SUSY:
\begin{eqnarray}
\{Q, Q^*\} = 2M\,,
\end{eqnarray}
where $M$ is a mass operator, or more generally an internal
symmetry. Then, there is no no-go theorem that forbids a singlet field
under the kinematical SUSY charges $Q$ and $Q^*$. Explicit field
theoretical models that possess such a kinematical SUSY algebra alone
can be found in the study of NR Chern-Simons system (e.\ g.\ in
\cite{NSRY,NSY})\footnote{Super Schr\"odinger algebras with
dynamical SUSY in 1+2 dimensions are discussed in
\cite{Leblanc:1992wu,Sakaguchi:2008rx,Sakaguchi:2008ku}.
Super Schr\"odinger  algebras containing only the kinematical SUSY are
also presented \cite{Sakaguchi:2008rx,Sakaguchi:2008ku} and
the algebras of this type may be related to the gravity dual
discussed in \cite{Hartnoll:2008rs}.}.

Still, it is quite a non-trivial challenge to construct an example of
supersymmetric field theory with a singlet representation under this
algebra. One of the reasons is that we do not have a superfield
formulation for NR system. Without the superfield formation, the SUSY transformation is not independent of the action and both of them should be determined at once, especially
when a gauge field is introduced.

In this letter, instead of following the standard manner, we present a
theory with a SUSY-singlet matter by taking a NR limit of the
relativistic $\mathcal{N}$=2 Chern-Simons-matter theory
\cite{Leblanc:1992wu}. Along the line of discussions in \cite{NSRY}, the
relativistic Chern-Simons-matter theory is indeed a ubiquitous generating source
of many inequivalent (super) Schr\"odinger invariant field theories. The exotic theory
with a SUSY-singlet field, which we have just mentioned and we will pursue here,
is also contained in the resulting theories.

Since the bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom do not match in our SUSY-singlet field theories while preserving supersymmetry, it would be interesting to study the index-like
object introduced in \cite{Nakayama:2008qm}. We will conclude this letter by computing the index for primary operators of these SUSY-singlet NR Chern-Simons theories.

\section{Relativistic $\mathcal{N}=2$ Chern-Simons-matter theory}

The relativistic $\mathcal{N}$=2 Chern-Simons-matter theory in 1+2
dimensions was originally constructed in \cite{Leblanc:1992wu}. The
action is composed of the Chern-Simons term $S_{\rm CS}$ and matter part
$S_{\rm M}$ as follows\footnote{We use the same spinor convention as in
\cite{NSRY}.}:
\begin{eqnarray}
S_{\rm rel} &=& S_{\rm CS} + S_{\rm M} ~, \nn
\\
S_{\rm CS} &=& \int dt d^2x\, \frac{\kappa}{4 }
\epsilon^{\mu\nu\lambda}
A_{\mu} F_{\nu\lambda} = \int dt d^2x \left[
\kappa A_0 F_{12} + \frac{\kappa}{2c}\epsilon^{ij}
\partial_t A_i A_j \right] \qquad (i,j=1,2) \,,  \nn \\
S_{\rm M}
&=& \int dt d^2x \biggl[- (D_{\mu}\phi)^{\ast} D^{\mu}\phi
- i \bar{\psi} \gamma^{\mu}D_{\mu}\psi \nn \\
&&  \qquad \quad -\left(
\frac{ e^2}{ \kappa c^2}
\right)^2
|\phi |^2
\left(|\phi|^2 - v^2 \right)^2
+ \frac{e^2}{\kappa c^2} \left( 3|\phi|^2 -v^2\right)
i\bar{\psi}\psi \biggl] \,. \label{LLW}
\end{eqnarray}
The mass $m$ is read off as $m^2c^2=(\frac{e^2}{\kappa c^2})^2v^4$.
The action (\ref{LLW}) is invariant under the following SUSY
transformation
\begin{eqnarray}
\delta A_{\mu} &=&
\frac{e}{\kappa c}\bar{\alpha}\gamma_{\mu}
\psi\phi^{\ast}
+\frac{e}{\kappa c}\bar{\psi}\gamma_{\mu}\alpha\phi
~,\label{rels}  \nn \\
\delta \phi &=& -i\bar{\alpha} \psi\,, \\ \nn
\delta \psi &=&  -\gamma^{\mu}\alpha D_{\mu}\phi
+ \frac{e^2}{\kappa c^2} \alpha \phi (v^2-|\phi|^2)\,.
\end{eqnarray}
Here $\alpha$ is a 2-component complex Grassmann variable and hence
(\ref{LLW}) has $\mathcal{N}$=2 supersymmetries in 1+2 dimensions.

\section{Non-relativistic limit and singlet SUSY}

In this section, we study NR limits of the Chern-Simons-matter
theory. Since the Chern-Simons part does not show any change in NR
limits, the non-trivial difference only appears in the matter sector.

In order to study NR limits of (\ref{LLW}), first of all, let us
expand the fields as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
\phi &=& \frac{1}{\sqrt{2m}} \left[\,\e^{-im c^2 t} \Phi
+\e^{im c^2 t} \hat{\Phi}^{\ast} \right]\,, \nn \\
\psi &=& \sqrt{c} \left[\,\e^{-i m c^2 t} \Psi
+ \e^{i m c^2 t} C \hat{\Psi}^{\ast} \right]\,, \nn
\end{eqnarray}
where $\Psi = (\Psi_1, \Psi_2)^t$ and $\hat{\Psi} = (\hat{\Psi}_1, \hat{\Psi}_2)^t$ are two component complex Grassmann-valued fields, and $C=i\sigma_2$ is a charge conjugation matrix. Here, ``hat''
denotes the anti-particle.

\medskip

The naive NR limit ($c\to \infty$) with keeping both particle and
anti-particle leads to the following matter action\footnote{The absolute
square of fermions is defined as $|\Psi|^2=\Psi^* \Psi$\,.}
\begin{eqnarray}
S &=& \int\!dt d^2x\,\biggl[
i\Phi^{\ast}D_t\Phi + i\hat{\Phi}^{\ast}\hat{D}_t\hat{\Phi}
-\frac{1}{2m}\left[(D_i\Phi)^{\ast}D_i\Phi
+ (\hat{D}_i\hat{\Phi})^{\ast}\hat{D}_i\hat{\Phi}\right] \nn \\
&& \hspace*{1.5cm} + i\Psi_1^{\ast}D_t\Psi_1
+ i\hat{\Psi}_1^{\ast}\hat{D}_t\hat{\Psi}_1
-\frac{1}{2m}\left[(D_i\Psi_1)^{\ast}D_i\Psi_1
+ (\hat{D}_i\hat{\Psi}_1)^{\ast}\hat{D}_i\hat{\Psi}_1\right] \nn \\
&& \hspace*{1.5cm} -\frac{e}{2mc}F_{12}(|\Psi_1|^2
- |\hat{\Psi}_1|^2) + \lambda (|\Phi|^2 + |\hat{\Phi}|^2)^2
+ 2\lambda |\Phi|^2|\hat{\Phi}|^2
\nn  \\
&& \hspace*{1.5cm} + 3\lambda (|\Phi|^2 + |\hat{\Phi}|^2)
(|\Psi_1|^2 + |\hat{\Psi}_1|^2) \biggr]\,, \label{naive}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\Psi_2$ and $\hat{\Psi}_2$ have been removed by using the
equations of motion,
\begin{eqnarray}
\Psi_2 = - \frac{1}{2mc}D_+\Psi_1 + \mathcal{O}(1/c^2)\,, \qquad
\hat{\Psi}_2 = \frac{1}{2mc}\hat{D}_+\hat{\Psi}_1 + \mathcal{O}(1/c^2)\,.
\end{eqnarray}
We have also introduced the coupling constant $\lambda
=\frac{e^2}{2mc\kappa}$. It is easy to see that the action is invariant
under the bosonic Schr\"odinger symmetry \cite{Sch,JP}.

\medskip

The SUSY transformation at the leading order is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \delta_1 \Phi = -\sqrt{2mc}\,\alpha^{(1)\ast}\Psi_1\,, \qquad
\delta_1 \hat{\Phi} = \sqrt{2mc}\,\alpha^{(2)}\hat{\Psi}_1\,, \nn \\
&& \delta_1 \Psi_1 = \sqrt{2mc}\,\alpha^{(1)}\Phi\,, \qquad
\delta_1\hat{\Psi}_1 = -\sqrt{2mc}\,\alpha^{(2)\ast}\hat{\Phi}\,, \nn \\
&& \delta_1 A_0 =\frac{e}{\sqrt{2mc}\kappa}\left[
\alpha^{(1)\ast}\Psi_1\Phi^{\ast} -\alpha^{(1)} \Psi_1^{\ast}\Phi
-\alpha^{(2)\ast}\hat{\Psi}_1^{\ast}\hat{\Phi}
+\alpha^{(2)}\hat{\Psi}_1\hat{\Phi}^{\ast}
\right]\,,    \nn \\
&& \delta_1 A_i =0\,.
\end{eqnarray}
The SUSY transformation at the next-to-leading order is
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \delta_2 \Phi = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2mc}}\,\alpha^{(2)\ast}D_+\Psi_1\,,
\qquad \delta_2 \hat{\Phi} =
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2mc}}\,\alpha^{(1)}\hat{D}_+\hat{\Psi}_1\,, \nn \\
&& \delta_2 \Psi_1 = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2mc}}\, \alpha^{(2)}D_-\Phi \,,
\qquad \delta_2 \hat{\Psi}_1 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2mc}}\, \alpha^{(1)\ast}
\hat{D}_-\hat\Phi\,, \nn \\
&& \delta_2 A_0 = \frac{e}{(2mc)^{3/2}\kappa}\biggl[
-\alpha^{(2)\ast}(D_+\Psi_1)\Phi^{\ast} +
\alpha^{(2)}(D_+\Psi_1)^{\ast}\Phi \nn \\
&& \hspace*{4cm} +\alpha^{(1)\ast}(\hat{D}_+\hat{\Psi}_1)^{\ast}\hat{\Phi}
-\alpha^{(1)}(\hat{D}_+\hat{\Psi}_1)\hat{\Phi}^{\ast}
\biggr] \,, \nn \\
&& \delta_2 A_+ = \frac{2ie}{\sqrt{2mc}\kappa}\left[
\alpha^{(2)}\Psi_1^{\ast}\Phi +\alpha^{(1)\ast}\hat{\Psi}_1^{\ast}\hat{\Phi}
\right]\,, \nn \\
&& \delta_2 A_- =\frac{2ie}{\sqrt{2mc}\kappa}\left[
\alpha^{(2)\ast}\Psi_1\Phi^{\ast} +\alpha^{(1)}\hat{\Psi}_1\hat{\Phi}^{\ast}
\right]\,.
\end{eqnarray}
These transformations are directly obtained from the NR limit of \eqref{rels}.
Note that the SUSY parameters $\alpha^{(1)}$ and $\alpha^{(2)}$ are not
separated.

\medskip

The naive NR action $S_\mathrm{CS}+S$ with (\ref{naive}), however, is not invariant even under the
SUSY transformation at the leading order. We have no clear understanding
of this result, but it is possible to improve the situation by adding a
four-fermi interaction without spoiling any symmetries of the naive
action. The improved action is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
S &=& \int\! dtd^2x\,\biggl[
i\Phi^{\ast}D_t\Phi + i\hat{\Phi}^{\ast}\hat{D}_t\hat{\Phi}
-\frac{1}{2m}\left[(D_i\Phi)^{\ast}D_i\Phi
+ (\hat{D}_i\hat{\Phi})^{\ast}\hat{D}_i\hat{\Phi}\right] \nn \\
&& \hspace*{1.5cm} + i\Psi_1^{\ast}D_t\Psi_1
+ i\hat{\Psi}_1^{\ast}\hat{D}_t\hat{\Psi}_1
-\frac{1}{2m}\left[(D_i\Psi_1)^{\ast}D_i\Psi_1
+ (\hat{D}_i\hat{\Psi}_1)^{\ast}\hat{D}_i\hat{\Psi}_1\right] \nn \\
&& \hspace*{1.5cm} -\frac{e}{2mc}F_{12}(|\Psi_1|^2
- |\hat{\Psi}_1|^2) + \lambda (|\Phi|^2 + |\hat{\Phi}|^2)^2
+ 2\lambda |\Phi|^2|\hat{\Phi}|^2
\nn  \\
&& \hspace*{1.5cm} + 3\lambda (|\Phi|^2 + |\hat{\Phi}|^2)
(|\Psi_1|^2 + |\hat{\Psi}_1|^2) + 2\lambda |\Psi_1|^2|\hat{\Psi}_1|^2
\biggr]\,. \label{improve}
\end{eqnarray}
This improved model has 4 supersymmetries at the leading order and there
is no SUSY transformation at the next-to-leading order\footnote{The
next-to-leading SUSY will be resurrected when we only keep particle
degrees of freedom as in \cite{Leblanc:1992wu}. See the discussion in
the subsequent subsections.}. This is in accordance with the general
expectation from \cite{NSRY}: since the SUSY transformation is not
separated from the leading order and the next-to-leading order, the
second SUSY is not realized.  The improved action now gives a new super
Schr\"odinger  invariant field theory with 4 (real) supercharges. The SUSY charges
\begin{eqnarray}
Q_1 = \sqrt{2m} \int\! d^2x\, \Psi_1^*\Phi\,, \qquad
Q_2 = -\sqrt{2m}  \int\! d^2x\, \hat{\Psi}_1^* \hat{\Phi}\,,
\end{eqnarray}
satisfy the following anti-commutation relations
\begin{eqnarray}
\{Q_1, Q_1^*\} = 2m N_1\,, \qquad
\{Q_2, Q_2^*\} = 2m N_2\,,
\end{eqnarray}
where we have introduced the particle number density $N_1$ and the
anti-particle number density $N_2$ defined as, respectively,
\begin{eqnarray}
N_1 = \int\! d^2x\, \left( |\Phi|^2 + |\Psi_1|^2 \right)\,, \qquad
N_2 = \int\! d^2x\, \left( |\hat{\Phi}|^2 + |\hat{\Psi}_1|^2\right)\,.
\end{eqnarray}

\subsection{Consistent truncation}

There are several different ways to take NR limits by reducing the
matter contents. We will consider below:
\begin{center}
\begin{enumerate}
\item ~~all particle case: PP \quad  ($\hat{\Phi}=\hat{\Psi}$=0)
\item ~~a singlet SUSY 1: BP \quad ($\hat{\Psi}$ = 0)
\item ~~a single SUSY 2: PB \quad ($\hat{\Phi}$ = 0)
\end{enumerate}
\end{center}
The sequence of alphabets denotes the degrees of freedom we hold in the
NR limit: particle (P), anti-particle (A), both particle and
anti-particle (B), and neither of them (N). Since the NR limit preserves
the particle number density and the anti-particle number density
separately for both bosons and fermions, all the truncations discussed
here are consistent (in the sense of strong condition introduced in
\cite{NSRY}).

The first case is nothing but \cite{Leblanc:1992wu}, so we will not
discuss it here except for pointing out the fact that the superconformal
symmetry emerges in contrast to the full limit presented above. This is
related to the emergence of the dynamical SUSY that is lacking in the
full NR action.

Here, we concentrate on more exotic possibilities such as BP or PB to
construct a supersymmetric field theory with a singlet representation
under the SUSY. It is clear that the other possibilities (up to exchange
of particles with anti-particles) PA, BN, NB, PN and NP lead to
non-supersymmetric theories. We emphasize the ubiquity of the
relativistic Chern-Simons-matter theory to give birth to many
inequivalent (super) Schr\"odinger invariant field theories.

\subsection{Singlet SUSY 1}

We construct a singlet supersymmetric field theory from the BP case. With our
ansatz ($\hat{\Psi} = 0$), the matter action reads
\begin{eqnarray}
S &=& \int\!dt d^2x\,\biggl[
i\Phi^{\ast}D_t\Phi + i\hat{\Phi}^{\ast}\hat{D}_t\hat{\Phi}
-\frac{1}{2m}\left[(D_i\Phi)^{\ast}D_i\Phi
+ (\hat{D}_i\hat{\Phi})^{\ast}\hat{D}_i\hat{\Phi}\right] \nn \\
&& \hspace*{1.5cm} + i\Psi_1^{\ast}D_t\Psi_1
-\frac{1}{2m}(D_i\Psi_1)^{\ast}D_i\Psi_1
-\frac{e}{2mc}F_{12}|\Psi_1|^2  \nn \\
&& \hspace*{1.5cm} +
\lambda (|\Phi|^2 + |\hat{\Phi}|^2)^2
+ 2\lambda |\Phi|^2|\hat{\Phi}|^2
+ 3\lambda (|\Phi|^2 + |\hat{\Phi}|^2)|\Psi_1|^2
\biggr]\,. \label{improve1}
\end{eqnarray}
Note that this action (\ref{improve1}) has no subtlety associated with the
four-fermi term because it vanishes identically due to the ansatz.

The NR action $S_\mathrm{CS}+S$ with (\ref{improve1})
 is invariant under the following SUSY transformation
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \delta_1 \Phi = -\sqrt{2mc}\,\alpha^{(1)\ast}\Psi_1\,, \qquad
\delta_1 \hat{\Phi} = 0\,, \nn \\
&& \delta_1 \Psi_1 = \sqrt{2mc}\,\alpha^{(1)}\Phi\,, \nn \\
&& \delta_1 A_0 =\frac{e}{\sqrt{2mc}\kappa}\left[
\alpha^{(1)\ast}\Psi_1\Phi^{\ast} -\alpha^{(1)} \Psi_1^{\ast}\Phi
\right]\,,    \nn \\
&& \delta_1 A_i =0\,.
\end{eqnarray}
It is easy to check explicitly that the next-to-leading SUSY
transformation (dynamical SUSY) is broken.

It is not difficult to see that the action is invariant under the
Schr\"odinger symmetry, so the NR limit here yields a Schr\"odinger
invariant field theory with 2 real supercharges. The anti-commutator of
the SUSY charges
\begin{eqnarray}
Q = \sqrt{2m}\int d^2x \, \Psi_1^* \Phi
\end{eqnarray}
 can be computed as
\begin{eqnarray}
\{Q,Q^*\} = 2m N_1 \ ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $N_1$ is the conserved charge associated with the number density
of particles\footnote{In addition, the model has two $U(1)$ symmetries
associated with the total mass operator and the fermion number.}:
\begin{eqnarray}
N_1 = \int d^2x \left( |\Phi|^2 + |\Psi_1|^2\right) \ .
\end{eqnarray}

The bosonic field $\hat{\Phi}$ transforms as a singlet under the SUSY
transformation, and it does not have its fermionic partner. Nevertheless
the field $\hat{\Phi}$ non-trivially interacts with other fields.

It would be possible to consider various supersymmetric
deformations of the theory.
First of all, the SUSY does not fix the coefficient in front of
$|\hat{\Phi}|^4$, which is a SUSY-singlet, and such a deformation
corresponds to a classical marginal deformation of the super
Schr\"odinger invariant theory.
Secondly,
we can change the
coefficient of
\[
\lambda_1 |\Phi|^2|\hat{\Phi}|^2 + \lambda_2
|\Psi|^2|\hat{\Phi}|^2
\]
as long as we demand
\[
\lambda_1 = \lambda_2 +\frac{e^2}{2mc\kappa}
\]
with electric charge $e^2/\kappa$ fixed.

\subsection{Singlet SUSY 2}

Similarly, we can construct a singlet supersymmetric field theory from
the PB case. With our ansatz ($\hat{\Phi} = 0$), the matter action reads
\begin{eqnarray}
S &=& \int\!dt d^2x\,\biggl[
i\Phi^{\ast}D_t\Phi
-\frac{1}{2m}(D_i\Phi)^{\ast}D_i\Phi  +  i\Psi_1^{\ast}D_t\Psi_1
+ i\hat{\Psi}_1^{\ast}\hat{D}_t\hat{\Psi}_1  \nn \\
&& \hspace*{1.5cm}
-\frac{1}{2m}\left[(D_i\Psi_1)^{\ast}D_i\Psi_1
+ (\hat{D}_i\hat{\Psi}_1)^{\ast}\hat{D}_i\hat{\Psi}_1\right]
-\frac{e}{2mc}F_{12}(|\Psi_1|^2- |\hat{\Psi}_1|^2)  \nn \\
&& \hspace*{1.5cm}
+ \lambda |\Phi|^4  + 3\lambda |\Phi|^2
(|\Psi_1|^2 + |\hat{\Psi}_1|^2) + 2\lambda |\Psi_1|^2|\hat{\Psi}_1|^2
\biggr]\,. \label{improve3}
\end{eqnarray}
Here, we have used improved action and added the four-fermi term.

The NR action $S_\mathrm{CS}+S$ with (\ref{improve3}) is invariant under the following SUSY transformation
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \delta_1 \Phi = -\sqrt{2mc}\,\alpha^{(1)\ast}\Psi_1 \,, \nn \\
&& \delta_1 \Psi_1 = \sqrt{2mc}\,\alpha^{(1)}\Phi\,,  \qquad
\delta_1 \hat{\Psi}_1 = 0\,, \nn \\
&& \delta_1 A_0 =\frac{e}{\sqrt{2mc}\kappa}\left[
\alpha^{(1)\ast}\Psi_1\Phi^{\ast} -\alpha^{(1)} \Psi_1^{\ast}\Phi
\right]\,,    \nn \\
&& \delta_1 A_i =0\,.
\end{eqnarray}
It is an easy task to check that the next-to-leading SUSY transformation
(dynamical SUSY) is broken.

It is not difficult to see that the action is invariant under the
Schr\"odinger symmetry, so the NR limit here yields a Schr\"odinger
invariant field theory with 2 real supercharges. The anti-commutator of
the SUSY charges
\begin{eqnarray}
Q = \sqrt{2m}\int d^2x \Psi_1^* \Phi
\end{eqnarray}
 can be computed as
\begin{eqnarray}
\{Q,Q^*\} = 2m N_1 \ ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $N_1$ is the conserved charge associated with the number density
of particles\footnote{In addition, the model has two $U(1)$ symmetries
associated with the total mass operator and the fermion number.}:
\begin{eqnarray}
N_1 = \int d^2x \left( |\Phi|^2 + |\Psi_1|^2 \right) \ .
\end{eqnarray}

The fermionic field $\hat{\Psi}_1$ transforms as a singlet under the
SUSY transformation, and it does not have its bosonic
partner. Nevertheless the field $\hat{\Psi}_1$ non-trivially interacts
with other fields.

The model is essentially obtained by replacing
$\hat{\Phi}$ by $\hat{\Psi}_1$ in the BP theory because $\hat{\Phi}$ is
a singlet representation and it can simply be replaced with
another singlet field $\hat{\Psi}_1$. The additional Pauli interaction,
which does not exist in the BP theory, is also a SUSY-singlet, so there
is no problem here.

More generally, if a SUSY-singlet piece $F(Q_i)$ could be constructed out of fields $Q_i$ with non-trivial representations of SUSY, it would be possible to couple it to a SUSY-singlet field $S$ in a SUSY invariant Lagrangian as
\[
\delta L = f(S, \partial S) \times
F(Q_i)\,.
\]
As is discussed in the introduction, for
dynamical SUSY (as in the relativistic case), there is no such a candidate
of $F(Q_i)$. This is equivalent to the well-known fact that the
relativistic supersymmetric field theory does not have a SUSY invariant
Lagrangian, but the invariance is always only up to total derivative
terms.

The kinematical SUSY allows nontrivial $F(Q_i)$ as we have explicitly seen in this section. The form of $f(S,\partial S)$ (as well as
$F(Q_i)$) is partially fixed by the classical Schr\"odinger
invariance. It would be interesting to see whether the quantum
Schr\"odinger invariance makes the parameters of the theory more
restrictive.\footnote{For example, the $\mathcal{N}=2$ PP limit
\cite{Leblanc:1992wu} has vanishing beta functions. See \cite{NSRY} and
references therein.}

\section{Index for primary operators}
Our BP theory and PB theory do not have balanced bosonic degrees of freedom and fermionic degrees of freedom. Because of this mismatch, we may suspect that the virtue of SUSY (namely, the Bose-Fermi cancellation) might be lost.  From the
anti-commutation relation, however, the potential trouble could appear
only in zero $N_1$ sector. In addition, the non-zero $N_1$ sector may be
taken as a superselection sector due to the particle number
conservation in the NR system. With this regard, we would like to study the index-like
object $\mathrm{Tr} (-1)^F e^{-\beta N_1}$ in this section.

The NR supersymmetric conformal field theories discussed in the previous section have a non-trivial involutive anti-automorphism (see \cite{Nakayama:2008qm} for details). We can use it to define the index as
\begin{eqnarray}
I(x) = \mathrm{Tr} (-1)^F e^{-\beta N_1} x^D \ ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $2mN_1 = \{Q,Q^*\}$ for our BP, PB theories. This index counts the operators annihilated by $Q^*$, and we will see that the index does not depend on $\beta$. In order to distinguish operators that contribute to the index, we have introduced the chemical potential $x$ that couples to the dilatation $D$. Note that $D$ commutes with $Q$ and $Q^*$ so that the Bose-Fermi cancellation is intact.

Because of the complicated singular-vector structure of the zero particle number  ($M=0$) sector in the representation theory of Schr\"odinger group, we only study the index for primary operators annihilated both by the Galilean boost $G_i$ and the special conformal transformation $K$. In the $e\to 0 $ limit, the computation of the index boils down to the counting of gauge invariant operators, which may be obtained by the integration over the $U(1)$ holonomy \cite{Nakayama:2008qm} as
\begin{eqnarray}
I_p(x) \equiv \mathrm{Tr}_{\mathrm{primary}} (-1)^F e^{-\beta N_1} x^D =  \int_0^{2\pi} \frac{d\theta}{2\pi} \exp \left[\sum_i\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n} f_i(n\theta, n\beta, x^n)\right] \ ,
\end{eqnarray}
where the summation $i$ is over the species of primary fields and the corresponding single particle indices $f_i$ are shown in table 1.

\begin{table}[tb]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c}
 Letters        & $\Phi$& $\Phi^*$ & $\hat{\Phi}$ & $\hat{\Phi}^* $ & $\Psi_1$ & $\Psi^*_1$ & $\hat{\Psi}_1$ & $\hat{\Psi}^*_1$ \\
 \hline
 $N_1$&     $ +1 $& $-1$ & $0$ &$0$ & $+1$ & $-1$ &$0$&$0$ \\
  $M$&     $+1$  & $-1$ & $+1$ &$-1$ & $+1$ &$-1$ &$+1$ &$-1$ \\
$D$&     $1 $   &  $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ & $1$ &$1$ &$1$  \\
$f(\theta, \beta,x)$ & $x e^{-\beta}e^{i\theta}$ &$x e^{\beta}e^{-i\theta}$&$ x e^{i\theta}$&$ x e^{-i\theta}$ & $-x e^{-\beta}e^{i\theta}$&$-x e^{\beta}e^{-i\theta}$ &$-x e^{i\theta}$&$-x e^{-i\theta}$ \\
 \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{List of the letters contributing to the index for primary operators.}
\label{tab:1}
\end{table}%

The direct integration gives the index for primary operators as
\begin{eqnarray}
I_p(x;\mathrm{BP}) &=& \frac{1}{1-x^2} \cr
I_p(x;\mathrm{PB}) &=& 1-x^2 \ .
\end{eqnarray}
The index is independent of $\beta$ due to the Bose-Fermi cancellation in the non-zero $N_1$ sector as advocated, but the non-zero index shows a mismatch between the bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom in the
zero $N_1$ sector.

\section*{Acknowledgements}

We would like to thank S.~Ryu for fruitful discussions and early
collaboration of this project. The work of NY was supported in part by
the National Science Foundation under Grant No.\ PHY05-55662 and the UC
Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics. The work of MS was supported in
part by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (19540324) from the
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan. The work of KY was
supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.\
PHY05-51164 and JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Ja Geum Soon was born in 1930 in what is now North Korea. When the Korean War broke out in the 1950s, she escaped to what is now South Korea – and was torn away from her husband and young child. She dreamed of being reunited with them, so she founded a hotel that she hoped would become a metaphorical lighthouse – and bring her lost family back to her. This hotel became the successful Nakwon hotel chain. Now, Ja Geum Soon is approaching the end of her life, and she dreams of being reunited with the grandson she has never met: Im Moon Sung. Her ever-faithful assistant Jung Sang Cheol hatches a plan to help bring peace to the old woman before she dies – he will hire an actor to pose as Im Moon Sung. He seeks out Yoo Jae Heon, a struggling stage actor who has been playing a North Korean soldier in a theater performance. Yoo Jae Heon agrees. He is told to pose as a defector who has come to visit the old woman for a while before attempting to return to the North. However, it soon appears that he has bitten off more than he can chew. He also crosses paths with Park Se Yeon, Ja Geum Soon's granddaughter – the woman who is running Nakwon… and has vowed not to allow it to fall into anyone else's hands!
Director: Yoon Sang Ho
Also known as: Trees Die on Their Feet A Tree Dies Standing The Tree Dies Standing Trees Die Standing Tall Keoteunkol: Namuneun Seoseo Jukneunda
Genres: Business, Drama, Life
Starring: Go Doo Shim, Ha Ji Won, Jung Ji So, Kang Ha Neul, Kwon Sang Woo, Sung Dong Il

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Friends of the family have started a crowdfunding effort to help with medical bills.
Jeff Potts, the police chief for Bloomington Police Department said: "First of all, most importantly, the child that fell is still alive".
The Wikileaks founder faces up to twelve months in prison after being found guilty of breaching his bail conditions. She added that the government did not want the country "to turn into an global cyber piracy centre".
The boy was taken to Children's Hospital in Minneapolis with serious injuries. "We have removed his picture as there have been multiple people trying to copy this GoFundMe page and the family is still requesting privacy and has elected at this point not to share photos at this time".
He was accused three months later of throwing glasses of ice water and tea at a woman in a restaurant at the mall after she refused to buy him food, the records show.
According to police, the suspect is cooperating and attempted homicide charges against Aranda are expected to be filed on Monday. Police say the suspect, Emmanuel Aranda, 24, is cooperating. Police did say that the victim and his family are from the Twin Cities area.
Landen Hoffmann fell nearly 12 metres at the Mall of America near Minneapolis in the USA on Friday and suffered life-threatening injuries. He said the suspect was located at the transit station just outside of the Mall of America. Both parents were at his bedside in the hospital, Potts said.
Barr provided a four-page letter to Congress two days later that detailed Mueller's "principal conclusions". That makes it unclear if any findings related to the Middle East will appear in the report.
Court records show that Aranda has a history of convictions for misdemeanor offenses. Police learned at that time he had an existing trespass notice prohibiting him from the Mall until July of 2016.


text:
Police testing new electric vehicles
By Lorie Ann Lane
For two weeks, San Joaquin Delta College District police has been testing battery powered vehicles loaned from Electric Vehicle International (EVI) on the Stockton campus.
According to Sgt. Mario Vasquez, "The vehicles are really nice and very efficient." There are two models, a regular model and the newer E-MEGA.
The regular model is open cab and features an older version of the battery and can reach speeds of 30 mph. It includes a police package with a siren and costs $9000.
The newer E-MEGA is closed cab and includes more features, such as air conditioning, heating and a CD stereo. It uses lithium phosphate batteries, has a range of up to 50 miles, and can reach a maximum speed of 35 mph. The E-MEGA costs $31,000.
San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District is offering a $10,000 special grant for the purchase of an electric vehicle.
When asked what she thought of the new vehicles, student Yahaira Lopez said, "I think it's better than using gas because gas pollutes the air and thinking money wise, people won't be wasting money on gas."


Can you have alcohol in your car?
Can I have open liquor in a vehicle in Manitoba? Is it against the law to have alcohol in your car? Can I have open alcohol in my trunk? As the go-to lawyer for most of my friends and family, these types of questions have come up lately. And it makes sense. People want to make sure they are following the rules and the the law can get complicated in the area of drinking and driving. I have handled many drive impaired cases and open liquor tickets in Winnipeg and across Manitoba, so here's what you need to know.
First of all, laws can be different all over Canada, so be aware the information on this page applies to the Province of Manitoba. Laws can also change over time, so this information was accurate as of April 2018.
No person shall cause, permit, or suffer any liquor, as defined in The Liquor and Gaming Control Act, to be in a vehicle upon a highway contrary to any provision of that Act.
That really isn't very helpful. Basically it tells us that we have to look at The Liquor and Gaming Control Act (LGCA). If you break the rules under the LGCA, then you're breaking this rule in the HTA.
This sets out the main rule which is NO LIQUOR in a vehicle at all unless you have a licence/permit. Liquor means anything with 1% of alcohol or more (obviously this includes all spirits, wine, and beer). But don't panic, you haven't been accidentally breaking the law your whole life because there are several exceptions that we will talk about shortly. Remember that even if you aren't driving your car, you still have to follow these rules. If you're leaving some liquor in your car overnight or you are loading up your car after your visit to the MLCC, you must store your alcohol properly and follow these rules.
If you haven't opened the liquor and you haven't broken the seal on the liquor, then it is considered CLOSED LIQUOR and you can have it in anywhere in your car. So, as long as you haven't been cracking the seal between the store and your car, then you have been following the law this whole time.
If you have OPEN LIQUOR, its time to pay attention. Open liquor must be kept it in the trunk of your car, the bed of your truck, or in a rooftop carrier. You can also store it in the back of the vehicle if the liquor isn't easy to get at by the driver or passengers in the vehicle. But what about SUVs and vans? That's part of the very next rule, so keep reading.
If you have OPEN LIQUOR in a station wagon, van, hatchback, or SUV, then you have to put it behind the last set of rear seats (basically the trunk or back area). If you folded down the last set of rear seats, you have to make sure the liquor is remaining as close to the rear of the vehicle as possible. Basically, you can't fold down the seats so the alcohol can be closer to the driver inside the vehicle. But what about my motor home? You guessed it, that's the next section.
60(2) Subsection (1) does not apply (d) in the case of a motor vehicle that is a motor home, if (i) it is being used as a residence, or (ii) the liquor is stored in a cabinet or other storage compartment away from the driver's area while the motor home is not being used as a residence.
If you're using your motor home as your living quarters or your residence (you're not driving it around), then you can have OPEN LIQUOR anywhere. If you're at a camp site and the motor home is parked for the night, then it is just like your home - you can have alcohol anywhere. If you're not using the motor home as your home/residence (basically, you're driving it), then OPEN LIQUOR must be in a cabinet or other area of the vehicle that is far away from the driver.
Taxi drivers cannot have any liquor and have to make sure their passengers are following the rules for transporting open or closed liquor as outlined above.
This sets out the main rule which is NO LIQUOR in a boat at all unless you have a licence/permit. Now again, there are some exceptions. Boats include anything that is used to travel on water so motorboats, canoes, and jet skis are all considered boats.
Just like with motor vehicles, if you haven't opened the liquor and you haven't broken the seal on the liquor, then it is considered CLOSED LIQUOR and you can have it in anywhere in your boat.
61(2) Subsection (1) does not apply (b) if the liquor is stored in a closed compartment in the boat.
If you have OPEN LIQUOR, its time to pay attention again. Open liquor in a boat must be in a closed compartment or storage area in the boat.
Is a single can of unopened beer/cooler open or closed liquor?
It is not 100% clear whether or not a single can of beer would meet the definition of open liquor or not. Some people would argue that the container is the cardboard box that beer cans comes in, so if the beer can is not in the cardboard box anymore or if the cardboard box is open, then it is open liquor. You can buy single cans at the Liquor Mart and then you do not get a cardboard box at all, so does that mean you are leaving the store with open liquor? Other people would argue that the purpose of the laws are to prevent people from consuming alcohol while in their vehicles. Therefore, if the can itself is not open, then it would be impossible to consume the contents - so as long as the can itself is sealed and closed, then it is closed liquor. So, there are arguments on both sides. It is a lot easier and cheaper to treat single cans as open liquor than it would be to get charged with an offence, proceed to trial, and then possibly win. So if you have a single can or a few single cans, treat it as open liquor and avoid the headaches of a ticket.
What kind of punishment you will get depends if you are charged under the HTA or the LGCA. Let's start with the HTA.
There's a lot of things that you can do that are both completely legal and completely idiotic. In Canada, we have freedom of expression, so you're within your rights to tell the guy bench-pressing 225 lbs. at the gym that you think he's a wimp. Not a smart idea. Similarly, even though you can legally have closed liquor anywhere in a vehicle, it is always a good idea to keep it in the trunk/back and out of sight. You don't need the extra attention of a police officer that stops you when they see liquor in your vehicle. Be responsible.
Can you have pot in your car?


In the last four months, The Walt Disney Company has seen the exits of four prominent African-American executives, signs of rising competition in Hollywood for diverse talent in an industry long criticized as too white.
Channing Dungey, the president of ABC Entertainment, told Disney this month she would not renew her contract in 2019. Tendo Nagenda, executive vice president of production at Walt Disney Studios, left in August to be head of production at Netflix. Nne Ebong, ABC's head of drama, also left in August without a place to land, and the network's head of comedy, Jamila Hunter, left in October to join Kenya Barris' Khalabo Ink Society production company.
Any one of these exits of executive talent would be noticed at a global entertainment company that has made diversity a priority in its programming and in grooming new leadership. But combined with the high-profile losses of "Black-ish" creator Barris and "Scandal" hitmaker Shonda Rhimes in 2018 — both of whom left for lucrative production deals at Netflix — the feeling is even more acute. As one concerned insider pointed out, Disney now finds itself with very nearly no executives of color in its top ranks.
In a statement, Disney chose not to address the exits themselves, but stressed its efforts to recruit inclusive talent.
TheWrap spoke to multiple executives and industry experts about the exits, and none chose to go on the record. Those who spoke on background said that the executives did not leave because of problems at Disney, but rather because of the intense competition for talent now that diversity has become a priority for many in the industry.
As TheWrap previously reported, Dungey had been up for a promotion before Disney's acquisition of Fox. That massive deal led to that opportunity going away for her. Despite a campaign to convince Dungey to stay and grow under a new regime, "she wants to be a free agent, she wants to test the market," said one of the insiders interviewed by TheWrap.
More than one expert noted that Netflix seems to have targeted Disney's executive pool as it has aggressively ramped up its own production goals.
For Disney, the losses are keenly felt given the emphasis the company has placed on diversity, according to multiple insiders. Disney has been particularly proud of the inclusive hits on its ABC network, including "Black-ish" and "Fresh Off the Boat." The global blockbuster success of "Black Panther," the story of an African superhero, is another point of pride at the company.
Like Dungey, Nagenda was a personal mentee of Disney CEO Bob Iger in the company's prestigious executive mentoring program, giving both of their departures a more personal sting. Nagenda and Dungey individually declined to comment to TheWrap. TheWrap was unable to reach Ebong and Hunter ahead of publication.
Hollywood has been widely criticized for the overwhelming dominance of white people — especially men — in its leadership ranks. The criticism led to the #OscarsSoWhite social media campaign two years ago that referenced a lack of diversity at the Academy Awards.
Since then, the motion picture academy has made a concerted effort to increase the percentage of women and people of color among its members. And the entertainment industry as a whole has publicly placed more emphasis on fostering diversity.


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Today we turn your attention to one of the most experienced and "adult" sites of online casino Europa Casino. Founded officially in 2003, this casino actually dates back to the mid-nineties, and in fact is considered one of the best. And these are not just words, the casino has really very good ratings and user reviews. Europa Casino has a standard license from Malta (MGA), and is especially popular in Europe, especially in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and England. And yet, what is so good about this casino?
On the casino site you can find more than 400 different games, including slots and live casinos. Games for the casino site are developed by leading developers of the gaming world. It is a Netent, and Playtech, and others companies overgrown from these. But not only a large selection of games attracts gamers from all over the world. The site has an excellent support service for players, which works 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. By playing on this site you can be absolutely sure that your game is absolutely safe and your presence on the site is completely legal. The casino, enlisting the support of its licensee, is legal in many European countries, which certainly cannot but please the residents of Russia and Germany, where gambling sites are often banned.
In Europa casinos, a bonus will be participation in a VIP club, participation in which implies gaining access to many bonuses and rewards. Even if you do not consider the privileges of this program, a huge number of promotions and bonuses are available on the casino website. What can we say about the generous welcome bonus, which will be paid during the year once a month. All this cannot but attract users. As for banking, the casino offers several convenient systems for withdrawing and deposits to the site. And also the site guarantees one hundred percent payment.
The site also has a convenient mobile version for active users of gadgets. In order to enjoy the games in any place convenient for the user, you do not need to download anything, but just follow the link.
The casino shows concern to its customers not only in providing them with round-the-clock assistance, but also in helping with gambling addiction. On the site you can find several ways to solve this problem, for example, suspension of activities on the site. We will talk about the site itself and its device in the next section.
And now let's talk about how the site of Casino Europa is arranged. The site is decorated in blue tones. Both the background and the font are based in blue tones, which is why it is sometimes just inconvenient to read what is written on the site. Upon entering the site – the first thing we see is a bonus offer for new registrations. Also, next to it there are options to register and log in. Below, after scrolling through all the games, information about the license and about the companies the site cooperates with will be available. At first glance it may seem that the site is fairly straightforward and without particularly accessible information on it. But it's worth clicking on the active links in the description of the site, as you are transported to a more extensive version of the casino.
Here, the first thing to choose is left to the player to choose in which section he wants to play – in a live casino, in a standard casino (or all games are put together), or just slots. It is worth noting that the site is available in several languages, namely in Russian, German, Arabic, Greek, Portuguese, Italian, French, Polish, Spanish and of course in English. For this we put a separate plus casino. A little lower from the sections of the casino you can find a quick bar for choosing casino options. Here information is collected about the Events, and about the VIP club, about the support service, and about the mobile version of the site and about the available payment methods. All sections and tabs of the site will be adapted to your choice of language. All except the rules and terms, they will remain in the usual English language. Registration on the site is really fast, just a few steps. When registering, the user will need to indicate his Name and Surname, date of birth, email, phone number, address of residence, username (it is not necessary that this is the real name of the person), and finally the password. The password should be kept out of the reach of other people, for your own safety. After the specified data, the user can specify the coupon code to receive large privileges or bonuses.
After that, the user will need to go through verification of his account in order to confirm his identity and assure the site of his "authenticity". To do this, it will be necessary to provide the casino with a number of standard documents. Those who have already been registered on the site at least once know what kind of documents they are. Firstly, a copy of your passport or driver's license, or another document proving your identity. Next, copies of utility bills and so on. Also, during registration, you will need to indicate your banking system for the further withdrawal of money and making deposits.
Now back to the site itself. The games on the site are conveniently divided into categories such as the most popular, new, cinema and TV, science fiction, progressive jackpots, sports, and classic. In the right corner of the interface there will be two buttons, one of which will transfer the player to the category of all games, and the second will take you to the support service.
In general, the site is basically convenient, if you do not take into account the fact that in some places the text merges with the background and reading the description of the site is difficult.
Before providing a site with its personal data, a person has a logical question, is it possible to trust your data to this site?
The answer to this question is yes, it is possible. The casino site uses the latest reliable encryption and storage systems for your data. To do this, the site uses a firewall and RSA encryption. This gives a one hundred percent guarantee that your data will be safely stored on the site and not subject to personal use. Your mail will not be used to send inappropriate spam or advertisements. With regard to the security of using a credit card on the site, the casino assures that it is safer to pay with a card to make a deposit than to pay in a store. And this is so, the site, in terms of withdrawal ratings, has really high points. There was not a single angry comment that the money might not have been transferred and something like that.
With regard to honesty in terms of games and winnings, all games, before they get to the casino website, are tested by GLI – Gaming Laboratories International. When choosing a winner, he uses a random number generator, so it does not make sense to worry about honesty.
As already mentioned on the site of the casino Europa, there are more than 500 different games, 400 of which are slots. Developers like Netent and Playtech enrich casinos with their casino games. Every month, games are updated and replenished in quantity. Thanks to the convenient design of the site, games are available in the form of a catalog, which provides accessibility when choosing a game. There are three general large categories on the site, Live Casino, All Slots and Casinos, where all games are collected in one pile. Further, all games are divided and disbanded by their genres or popularity.
The slots on the casino website are divided into the following categories: Best (that is, those in the top), New, Cinema and TV, Fiction, Sports, Progressive Jackpots and Classic. When entering the category of slots, the first thing that attracted attention was the progressive jackpots, because on the site the winning number in the game is constantly changing. Thus, the game in which you can win the largest amount of winnings is the Gladiator, with its jackpot of two million dollars.
It is also worth mentioning that when choosing a game, you can also choose by manufacturer, by novelty and popularity.
This is a special section in the casino where you can play your favorite games with live dealers. Games in this section can also be sorted by popularity, manufacturer and novelty. Also in this section there is a search bar, if there is a desire to find the game yourself. Here with a live dealer you can play games such as BlackJack, Standard Roulette and French Roulette, Baccarat and the game of Sic Bo. The site also indicates which games can be played on the phone in the mobile version.
There are already collected all the games, both board and slots. Among the huge selection there are such games as Video Poker, card games, Roulette, Blackjack, Poker, Slots, Baccarat, Craps, Bingo, and Scratch Cards.
Many slots that are on the casino website are available in the free version, but not all. The same applies to several games with live dealers.
As soon as a player creates an account on the site, he has the option Cashier on top in the account section. At the same time, for starters, it is worth choosing the banking system that you use now and will use throughout your cooperation with the site. The player can only use the bank card to which his personal data is attached. Making deposits or using someone else's bank card is prohibited. Also, when using certain bank transfer systems, you can get a bonus of 10-15% of the amount deposited. There is also a function as an Express Deposit, which will accelerate the transfer of money to a user account.
The site has a special section with information about which systems can be used, and you can also find separately information about each system separately. The choice of systems through which deposits can be made is really very extensive. Here you can choose from such systems as Visa Mastercard, Maestro and Diners Club, Visa Electron and Delta, Kiwi, Moneta.ru, WebMoney, Yandex, Neteller, Skrill, Paysafecard, Entropay, Eco, Aydebit, Instant Bank, Astropay Card, Trastli, Transferencia Bancaria , EPS, SOFORTÜBERWEISUNG, GIROPAY, INSTADEBIT, EASY EFT and BANCO LOCAL.
As for the currency in which you can draw conclusions and deposits, these are standard euros and dollars.
Casino Europa offers all its users to join a VIP club, that is, a loyalty club. The player has the opportunity to become a member of the program, from the very moment when he registered. In total there are 6 levels of the program, and with each level the number of bonus offers increases. The first level is Silver, where the weekly bonus for participating in the program is $25. With each level, the limit on betting will increase and the weekly limit will increase. The last and most prestigious level is called Diamond. Here the player is available $250 weekly bonus. But these are not all the privileges that are available to VIP program participants. Participants can also get their conclusions in a shorter time, have a personal manager, have access to various tournaments, as well as a high cashing rate of points that a player can get on the site.
Now consider how good the site is in terms of supporting its users. The site has a round-the-clock support chat, and there is also a hotline telephone number that can be directly contacted. In addition, the site has several mailing addresses where you can contact with a specific problem. For example, for VIP participants there is a separate mailbox, and if there are questions related to money transfers, another. Also, in accordance with which country we are from, on the site you can find a hotline telephone with your network operator. Which is very convenient. The number that serves your country is usually free. The support group on the site works around the clock, 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. In addition to all of the above options, how can I turn to for help, the site has a FAQ section, which contains all the basic information on the site. Recommended reading before starting a collaboration.
The site made sure that players who prefer to stay online all the time and play their favorite slots in any place convenient for them. Therefore, the site can find a special link that will transfer the player to the mobile version of the site. No need to download anything, all games take place online, simply through a special browser link. Not all games are available in the mobile version, but most are still available. All available games for phones can be viewed via PC. The phone version is available on such operating systems as Windows, Android and iOS.
Casino Europa offers a very good variety of bonuses and promotions. Each new registered user receives a bonus of $2,400, which will be credited throughout the year. In fact, just every month when you first deposit, the player is given the opportunity to receive a 100% bonus of up to 100 euros or dollars. In the end, for the whole year of such deposits, the player has the opportunity to receive a total of $2,400. There is also a bonus system for the second replenishment. You can get 60% of the deposit amount up to 500 euros. The minimum deposit amount is 20 euros or dollars. Monthly bonuses are credited to the account within 24 hours after their activation. Also, playing games, the user has the opportunity to earn points, after which they can be exchanged for euros.
In addition to all offers, if a player invites a fool to the game, he automatically receives a bonus of $50. Also, on the site are weekly game tournaments, and other available promotions. If possible, the manager will send you information about possible bonuses, so that you are always up to date with the latest updates on the site.
So, now, to examine in detail every aspect of the CasinoEuropa, our verdict can be passed.
Casino Europa is considered one of the best casinos due to its age and experience. The site's reviews are very good, and the ratings have skyrocketed. And not in vain, the site has a lot of privileges. To begin with, the casino absolutely pays winnings to its players. The advantage will be the number of banking systems that the site uses. Moreover, through some systems you can even get additional bonuses. Something like cashback.
The casino has a good support service, which is ready to provide assistance around the clock. An advantage for the support service will be that for each country there is a separate telephone line for calling, and this call will be free. All data that the user contributes to the site is carefully protected by special systems, so trusting the site with your data and making deposits is absolutely safe.
The number of games on the site, from the best developers with the best quality, cannot but rejoice. Many games can be tested for free, but the truth is, not all. This is a minus. The Live Casino section does not have as many games as on other sites, but dealers nonetheless work around the clock.
The casino has a convenient mobile version that does not require any downloads. All that is required is just to go to the special link that the site provides.
Casino Europe offers a huge selection of bonuses and promotions. Monthly bonuses and a generous welcome bonus cannot but please new users.
The site itself is decorated in attractive textures, but sometimes it interferes with reading information, as the colors merge into one.
In general, Casino Europa can absolutely be recommended to beginners and experienced gamblers. The casino takes care of the comfort of its customers, and offers them all the conditions for a comfortable game. Casino Europa is approved!
Written by Haukur Guðbjörnsson
© Europa Casino Slot


Tuesday, June 15: This is the first day of iPhone 4 pre-orders before the handset reaches stores on June 24. Some AT&T customers, after logging onto the wireless carrier's website to pre-order an iPhone 4, report that they're able to access other users' accounts. According to an anonymous "AT&T insider" who contacts tech blog Gizmodo, the log-in glitch may have been caused by a weekend server software upgrade at AT&T--one that didn't work out as planned, obviously.
The screen shot at left is purportedly from an AT&T customer who logged into his account, only to gain access to the private information of another user ("Mary").
Wednesday June 16: AT&T issues a statement saying it has received complaints about the privacy breaches, but adds that it hasn't been able to duplicate the problem. Meanwhile, additional reports surface of technical errors that prevent customers from ordering an iPhone 4 on the AT&T and Apple sites.
"Yesterday Apple and its carrier partners took pre-orders for more than 600,000 of Apple's new iPhone 4. It was the largest number of pre-orders Apple has ever taken in a single day and was far higher than we anticipated, resulting in many order and approval system malfunctions. Many customers were turned away or abandoned the process in frustration. We apologize to everyone who encountered difficulties, and hope that they will try again or visit an Apple or carrier store once the iPhone 4 is in stock."
The high number of pre-orders forces Apple to push back the iPhone 4's shipping schedule. Customers are no longer able to reserve a phone and pick it up on the June 24 launch date. Apple's site reports that iPhone 4 units (16GB or 32GB) will ship by July 14.
However, Apple Stores will reportedly still have a small cache of iPhone 4s in stock for walk-in customers--provided you get there early enough.


The objective of the SCM is "to promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of 'Smart' Solutions". The focus is on "Sustainable and Inclusive Development". Area Based Development (ABD) strategies and PAN City solutions were the main components of SCM.
The Smart Cities Mission aims to drive economic growth and improve the quality of life of people by enabling local area development and harnessing technology that leads to Smart outcomes. Area-based development will focus on transforming existing areas into better planned ones, thereby improving livability of the whole City.
Area Based Development (ABD) as part of Smart City development consists of parts of five wards of west Kochi (1,2,3,4 and 5) and parts of three wards of mainland of KMC (62,66 & 67), with a total area of 1024.16 acres (4.14 Sq. Km).
The aim of the Kochi Smart City ABD projects is to revive the character and glory of Fort Kochi – Mattanchery as a heritage area and Central Kochi (Mainland) as a bustling commercial centre and provide for high speed water connectivity.


text:
Why the Dollar Will Fail
With Russia and France working hard to push the U.S. dollar from its perch as the world's currency, there is the risk of a major revolution of the dollar. While it might not result in a total collapse, most experts agree that the U.S. dollar will be devalued by 11% to 45%. Here's why the dollar will fail and take your retirement account down with it.
First, let's talk about France. The U.S. has pushed this nation, and the European Union, way too far. We'll pay for this impudence soon. Here's why America recently levied a $9 billion dollar fine on France's BNP Paribas bank for engaging in transactions with the country of Sudan while the United States had issued sanctions against that country.
While you might think, ok, they paid a fine because they violated the law by doing business with Sudan, that's what they get. Well, France and the EU had no sanctions or problems with Sudan. It was only the United States who had that country on its hit list. Also, the transactions that BNP Paribas did with Sudan had no connection to the United States. No U.S. goods were sold or transferred, no U.S. persons were involved, and no business was transacted through an office or branch in the United States. The trades involved were between a bank in France and the country of Sudan… again, there were no limitations in France or the EU on doing business with Sudan… only the U.S. had these regulations.
So, why did the U.S. claim authority over the transactions and the bank? What gave Uncle Sam the right to fine a bank for something that had no connection to the United States? What made America the ultimate arbiter of ethics and business practices?
The contracts between the bank and Sudan used the United States dollar as the transactional currency. That's right, the only connection between the U.S. and the trades at issue was that the price was listed in USD. The United States claims it has the authority to regulate any transaction completed or denominated in USD, and therefore has the right to fine BNP Paribas for entering in to a contract with a prohibited country.
Of course, the country of France has come out strongly against this attack on their financial sovereignty by the United States. They issued a number of regulations and press releases pushing to remove the United States dollar as the transactional currency in their banking and international trades.
Such a change, especially if adopted by the entire EU, could result in the U.S. dollar failing. Removing trillions in demand for dollars from the system will send our currency spiraling. Even if the results aren't catastrophic, they certainly will mean a realignment of the U.S. dollar and a significant devaluation of your investments, retirement accounts, and other assets held in dollars.
* For more on this story, please check out www.premieroffshore.com or The Financial Times.
Before moving on to Russia, I would like to say that, you don't need to believe in a catastrophic system failure to think that the dollar will fail or slip. It is possible that the system will continue on without our dollars, but will look very different.
If you are like me, and believe that a significant realignment is (at least) possible, then you should consider diversifying out of the United States and out of the U.S. dollar. This might mean moving your IRA offshore, holding currencies other than the dollar, buying real estate or other assets, and purchasing gold as a hedge against inflation or devaluation.
Ok, now on to Russia who is really pushing against the U.S. dollar (petrodollar). Here's why Russia could threaten your retirement in 2015. If you follow world events, you know the path Russia is on. I don't think it will surprise anyone that, with the dollar on the ropes, Russia will be happy to push it over and is leading the effort to replace it as the world's reserve currency.
Let's start by noting that the economic power of the United States is based on its being the reserve currency of the world. This status is largely due to its being the ONLY currency with which oil trades may be conducted in… which is why we call it the petrodollar.
* Many claim the primary reason for the Iraq war was that Iraq began denominating its oil transactions in euros. I don't know about that, but it was just a few months later that the U.S. went in.
In to this landscape comes a reinvigorated Russia. They are demanding to denominate their natural gas contracts with Europe in a petroruble or petroeuro. Today, all gas contacts are priced in dollars.
If successful, Russia will effectively decouple all of its trade from the dollar… which again amounts to trillions in demand. For example, trade in hydrocarbons alone is $1 trillion. Removing Russia from the petrodollar, and thus the dollar, will reduce the demand for dollars and, once countries like France see weakness in America and its control over world transactions, you can be assured that they will follow.
And such a decoupling doesn't need the EU to succeed. If Russia and its group of nations (BRICS) dumped the dollar, it would completely cripple our currency. These countries currently account for tens of trillions of dollars of demand and could start a major revaluation.
You can take steps to protect yourself from a major devaluation… or just a loss of value through realignment. I don't know how this will all play out, but I do know that there is significant risk out there and that we need to protect against it.
For thousands of years, currencies have failed while gold has stood strong. Today is no different. I suggest that some of your holdings should be in physical gold. We can arrange this for you in Panama or Switzerland and physical gold may be owned by your retirement account or in a Panama Foundation.
We can help you move your retirement account or other savings offshore and invest in gold… or just hold a currency other than dollars. Feel free to phone or email me at info@premieroffshore.com for additional information. I have many posts on this topic at www.premieroffshore.com.
Click Here to Schedule a Consultation
Schedule a 30-minute consultation with Christian Reeves on your international tax or business matter.


text:
Comparison of urovirulence factors and genotypes for bacteria causing acute lobar nephronia and acute pyelonephritis
Chi Hui Cheng, Yong Kwei Tsau, Lin Hui Su, Chia Ling Lin, Tzou Yien Lin
BACKGROUND: Acute lobar nephronia (ALN) is a severe renal parenchymal inflammatory disease that has been diagnosed with increasing frequency as a result of newer noninvasive diagnostic modalities. Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial pathogen isolated from the urine samples of ALN patients. This prospective study was conducted to elucidate and distinguish the bacterial virulence factors associated with ALN and acute pyelonephritis (APN) in pediatric patients. METHODS: Patients included in the present study were those suspected of an upper urinary tract infection who underwent ultrasonographic, computed tomographic and technetium 99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphic evaluation to distinguish between ALN and APN. The E. coli isolates from the urine samples of patients were screened with polymerase chain reaction analysis for various urovirulence genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the genetic association of the isolates. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were enrolled. Forty-six patients were diagnosed with ALN and 42 with APN. Demographic characteristics and clinical results were similar except for longer fever duration before admission, longer fever continuation following antibiotic treatment and higher C-reactive protein values noted in the ALN group. Diverse genotypes were found among the E. coli isolates in both groups. Among the pathogenetic determinants examined, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a papG II allele was the only significant urovirulence factor associated with ALN (P < 0.005; odds ratio, 17.16). This association was independent of the presence of VUR. CONCLUSIONS: While no specific genetic lineage was identified among the E. coli isolates studied, a papG II gene was found to be strongly associated with the cause of ALN among pediatric patients.
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000254388.66367.13
Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis
Virulence Factors
Acute focal bacterial nephritis
P-fimbriae adhesin
Urovirulence gene
Cheng, C. H., Tsau, Y. K., Su, L. H., Lin, C. L., & Lin, T. Y. (2007). Comparison of urovirulence factors and genotypes for bacteria causing acute lobar nephronia and acute pyelonephritis. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 26(3), 228-232. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000254388.66367.13
Comparison of urovirulence factors and genotypes for bacteria causing acute lobar nephronia and acute pyelonephritis. / Cheng, Chi Hui; Tsau, Yong Kwei; Su, Lin Hui; Lin, Chia Ling; Lin, Tzou Yien.
In: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Vol. 26, No. 3, 03.2007, p. 228-232.
Cheng, CH, Tsau, YK, Su, LH, Lin, CL & Lin, TY 2007, 'Comparison of urovirulence factors and genotypes for bacteria causing acute lobar nephronia and acute pyelonephritis', Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 228-232. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000254388.66367.13
Cheng CH, Tsau YK, Su LH, Lin CL, Lin TY. Comparison of urovirulence factors and genotypes for bacteria causing acute lobar nephronia and acute pyelonephritis. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2007 Mar;26(3):228-232. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000254388.66367.13
Cheng, Chi Hui ; Tsau, Yong Kwei ; Su, Lin Hui ; Lin, Chia Ling ; Lin, Tzou Yien. / Comparison of urovirulence factors and genotypes for bacteria causing acute lobar nephronia and acute pyelonephritis. In: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2007 ; Vol. 26, No. 3. pp. 228-232.
@article{c4f2818bf04e443b822b2f58e4de2b56,
title = "Comparison of urovirulence factors and genotypes for bacteria causing acute lobar nephronia and acute pyelonephritis",
abstract = "BACKGROUND: Acute lobar nephronia (ALN) is a severe renal parenchymal inflammatory disease that has been diagnosed with increasing frequency as a result of newer noninvasive diagnostic modalities. Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial pathogen isolated from the urine samples of ALN patients. This prospective study was conducted to elucidate and distinguish the bacterial virulence factors associated with ALN and acute pyelonephritis (APN) in pediatric patients. METHODS: Patients included in the present study were those suspected of an upper urinary tract infection who underwent ultrasonographic, computed tomographic and technetium 99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphic evaluation to distinguish between ALN and APN. The E. coli isolates from the urine samples of patients were screened with polymerase chain reaction analysis for various urovirulence genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the genetic association of the isolates. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were enrolled. Forty-six patients were diagnosed with ALN and 42 with APN. Demographic characteristics and clinical results were similar except for longer fever duration before admission, longer fever continuation following antibiotic treatment and higher C-reactive protein values noted in the ALN group. Diverse genotypes were found among the E. coli isolates in both groups. Among the pathogenetic determinants examined, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a papG II allele was the only significant urovirulence factor associated with ALN (P < 0.005; odds ratio, 17.16). This association was independent of the presence of VUR. CONCLUSIONS: While no specific genetic lineage was identified among the E. coli isolates studied, a papG II gene was found to be strongly associated with the cause of ALN among pediatric patients.",
keywords = "Acute focal bacterial nephritis, P-fimbriae adhesin, Polymerase chain reaction, Pulsed field gel electrophoresis, Urovirulence gene",
author = "Cheng, {Chi Hui} and Tsau, {Yong Kwei} and Su, {Lin Hui} and Lin, {Chia Ling} and Lin, {Tzou Yien}",
doi = "10.1097/01.inf.0000254388.66367.13",
T1 - Comparison of urovirulence factors and genotypes for bacteria causing acute lobar nephronia and acute pyelonephritis
AU - Cheng, Chi Hui
AU - Tsau, Yong Kwei
AU - Su, Lin Hui
AU - Lin, Chia Ling
AU - Lin, Tzou Yien
N2 - BACKGROUND: Acute lobar nephronia (ALN) is a severe renal parenchymal inflammatory disease that has been diagnosed with increasing frequency as a result of newer noninvasive diagnostic modalities. Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial pathogen isolated from the urine samples of ALN patients. This prospective study was conducted to elucidate and distinguish the bacterial virulence factors associated with ALN and acute pyelonephritis (APN) in pediatric patients. METHODS: Patients included in the present study were those suspected of an upper urinary tract infection who underwent ultrasonographic, computed tomographic and technetium 99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphic evaluation to distinguish between ALN and APN. The E. coli isolates from the urine samples of patients were screened with polymerase chain reaction analysis for various urovirulence genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the genetic association of the isolates. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were enrolled. Forty-six patients were diagnosed with ALN and 42 with APN. Demographic characteristics and clinical results were similar except for longer fever duration before admission, longer fever continuation following antibiotic treatment and higher C-reactive protein values noted in the ALN group. Diverse genotypes were found among the E. coli isolates in both groups. Among the pathogenetic determinants examined, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a papG II allele was the only significant urovirulence factor associated with ALN (P < 0.005; odds ratio, 17.16). This association was independent of the presence of VUR. CONCLUSIONS: While no specific genetic lineage was identified among the E. coli isolates studied, a papG II gene was found to be strongly associated with the cause of ALN among pediatric patients.
AB - BACKGROUND: Acute lobar nephronia (ALN) is a severe renal parenchymal inflammatory disease that has been diagnosed with increasing frequency as a result of newer noninvasive diagnostic modalities. Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial pathogen isolated from the urine samples of ALN patients. This prospective study was conducted to elucidate and distinguish the bacterial virulence factors associated with ALN and acute pyelonephritis (APN) in pediatric patients. METHODS: Patients included in the present study were those suspected of an upper urinary tract infection who underwent ultrasonographic, computed tomographic and technetium 99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphic evaluation to distinguish between ALN and APN. The E. coli isolates from the urine samples of patients were screened with polymerase chain reaction analysis for various urovirulence genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the genetic association of the isolates. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were enrolled. Forty-six patients were diagnosed with ALN and 42 with APN. Demographic characteristics and clinical results were similar except for longer fever duration before admission, longer fever continuation following antibiotic treatment and higher C-reactive protein values noted in the ALN group. Diverse genotypes were found among the E. coli isolates in both groups. Among the pathogenetic determinants examined, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a papG II allele was the only significant urovirulence factor associated with ALN (P < 0.005; odds ratio, 17.16). This association was independent of the presence of VUR. CONCLUSIONS: While no specific genetic lineage was identified among the E. coli isolates studied, a papG II gene was found to be strongly associated with the cause of ALN among pediatric patients.
KW - Acute focal bacterial nephritis
KW - P-fimbriae adhesin
KW - Polymerase chain reaction
KW - Pulsed field gel electrophoresis
KW - Urovirulence gene
U2 - 10.1097/01.inf.0000254388.66367.13
DO - 10.1097/01.inf.0000254388.66367.13
10.1097/01.inf.0000254388.66367.13


text:
Building occupancy classifications refer to categorizing structures based on their usage and are primarily used for building and fire code enforcement.  They are usually defined by model building codes, and vary, somewhat, among them.  Often, many of them are subdivided.

Classifications by Group
The following is based on the International Building Code, the most commonly used building code in the United States:

Assembly (Group A) - places used for people gathering for entertainment, worship, and eating or drinking.  Examples:  churches, restaurants (with 50 or more possible occupants), theaters, and stadiums. Group A is divided into five sub groups:
A-1 Buildings intended for the production and viewing of performing arts or motion pictures (theaters, concert halls).
A-2 Buildings intended for food and/or drink consumption (restaurants).
A-3 Buildings intended for worship, recreation or amusement and other assembly uses not otherwise classified.
A-4 Buildings intended for viewing of indoor sporting events and activities with spectator seating (arenas).
A-5 Buildings intended for participation in or viewing outdoor activities (stadiums).

Business (Group B) - places where services are provided (not to be confused with mercantile, below).  Examples: banks, insurance agencies, government buildings (including police and fire stations), and doctor's offices.
Educational (Group E) - schools and day care centers up to the 12th grade.
Factory (Group F) - places where goods are manufactured or repaired (unless considered "High-Hazard" (below)).  Examples:  factories and dry cleaners.
High-Hazard (Group H) - places involving production or storage of very flammable or toxic materials.  Includes places handling explosives and/or highly toxic materials (such as fireworks, hydrogen peroxide, and cyanide).
Institutional (Group I) - places where people are physically unable to leave without assistance.  Examples:  hospitals, nursing homes, and prisons.  In some jurisdictions, Group I may be used to designate Industrial.
Mercantile (Group M) - places where goods are displayed and sold.  Examples:  grocery stores, department stores, and gas stations.
Residential (Group R) - places providing accommodations for overnight stay (excluding Institutional).  Examples:  houses, apartment buildings, hotels, and motels.
Storage (Group S) - places where items are stored (unless considered High-Hazard).  Examples:  warehouses and parking garages.
Utility and Miscellaneous (Group U) - others.  Examples:  water towers, barns, towers.

Other Considerations

Many buildings may have multiple occupancies.  These are referred to as "mixed occupancies" and the different parts will be required to meet the codes for those specific areas.  An example of this is a shopping mall with underground parking.  The shopping area itself is Group M (mercantile), while the parking area would qualify as Group S (storage).

In places where more than one occupancy may apply, the stricter code is usually enforced.  An example of this is a restaurant with seating under 50 which is not addressed in the code as either mercantile or business (this is a technical issue, but could be viewed as either or neither).  Code enforcement officials will usually enforce the stricter side of the code.

References

Safety codes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Morrison government is set to get parliament's support for a $284 million package to help 3.9 million Australians with power bills, as the last major act before an election.
But the rest of Tuesday's federal budget - including income tax cuts - will have wait until after the May poll.
With Wednesday being the last day the lower house and Senate are expected to sit before the election, the government will get Labor's support to wave through payments of $75 for singles and $125 for couples for social security recipients to cover rising electricity costs.
However, Treasurer Josh Frydenberg says there's no time to progress $158 billion in tax relief for low and middle-income earners and instead he will seek a mandate from Australians at the polls.
This pits his first budget against Labor's promise if elected, to roll out a much bigger tax cut package.
He also wants voters to look to the future, pledging a personal tax rate of 30 per cent, down from 32.5 per cent, by mid-2024.
Mr Frydenberg is hoping voters mark up the government for forecasting the first budget surplus in 12 years, as well as delivering a $100 billion 10-year road and rail plan to cut city congestion and boost regional development.
Labor argues the budget fails to reverse cuts to schools and hospitals, doesn't properly deal with skills or apprenticeships and promises a surplus subsidised by an underspend on the National Disability Insurance Scheme.
"There is no plan for wages, no plan to tackle power prices, no plan to address climate change, and no plan for the future," shadow treasurer Chris Bowen says.
The budget papers show unemployment flatlining at five per cent over the next four years, despite the government promising 1.25 million jobs over five years.
Wage growth is expected to lift from 2.5 per cent in 2018/19 to 3.5 per cent in 2021/22, but economists are skeptical about the figures.
Budget deficits totalling $45 billion are expected over the next four years, starting with a $7.1 billion surplus in 2019/20.
The budget avoided the controversial cuts of the past, with Finance Minister Mathias Cormann telling reporters the coalition had already secured $62 billion of savings since the 2016 election.
Labor leader Bill Shorten is scheduled to deliver his budget reply speech on Thursday.


Blue Ridge Parkway is a part of the Blue Ridge, Peidmont, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces and shares its geologic history and some characteristic geologic formations with a region that extends well beyond park boundaries.
Source: Data Store Saved Search 2725. To search for additional information, visit the Data Store.
A NPS Soil Resources Inventory project has been completed for Blue Ridge Parkway and can be found on the NPS Data Store.
Source: Data Store Saved Search 2777. To search for additional information, visit the Data Store.
Linville Falls in Blue Ridge Parkway, North Carolina.


text:
Deaf, Retired Couple Carry On Work At Their New Market Farm
The moment Jack and Rosalyn Gannon turned into the washed-out driveway of an old, defunct dairy farm near New Market in the mid-1980s, they knew it would make the perfect retirement home.
Both worked at Gallaudet University in Washington at the time. Both had grown up deaf in rural areas and graduated from state schools for the deaf -- she in North Carolina, and he in southern Missouri -- and longed for a taste of the country.
On free weekends, they traveled to the farm to begin what became 16 years' worth of repairs and additions to the farmhouse, originally constructed in the 1750s and 1820s, as well as their 34-acre property.
"Since we met in college we have always been a team," Jack wrote in an e-mail.
Jack had an aversion to redheads before he met Rosalyn at Gallaudet College (now Gallaudet University) during an orientation class their first year in 1954.
"What complications life throws at you!" he wrote.
She was a cheerleader and an athlete, and he was a wrestler and played football. She majored in art, he in education.
Their senior year, the Nebraska School for the Deaf had openings for an art teacher and a printing/graphic arts instructor, they wrote. The school offered them the jobs at the same time. A few days after graduating, they married.
Rosalyn taught art and loved it, she wrote.
"Art is wonderful for deaf students (who are so visually oriented)," she wrote.
Teaching deaf students involves the use of a lot of eye contact and communication through American Sign Language, she wrote.
Jack taught graphic arts, or printing, when the trade started introducing "offset" printing.
Teachers at the Nebraska school used both sign language and speech, depending on their abilities, he wrote.
He also coached basketball and their football team, which with an eight-man team went undefeated his last year teaching, the first in the school's history, he wrote.
The Gannons taught at the Nebraska school for nine years, and when they left, the senior class dedicated their yearbook to the couple, Jack wrote.
They then accepted positions at Gallaudet, something Jack told college classmates he would never do, in part because of having to live near and work in traffic-congested Washington.
Jack became the first director of alumni relations and executive secretary of the Gallaudet College Alumni Association, and Rosalyn started out teaching art at the Kendall School for the Deaf on the Gallaudet campus.
She took some time off to raise her two children, both of whom can hear, and returned to Gallaudet to teach American Sign Language.
Over the years, she saw paperwork and other requirements of teachers increase, as well as the difficulty of working with parents to maintain the discipline of students.
"Today's teachers do not receive the same respect they did during my early years," she wrote.
By the time he retired in 1996, Jack was the special assistant to the president at Gallaudet and had written four books on deaf heritage and history. Life on their farm has not brought an end to their labors.
Jack is working on a book about the history of the World Federation of the Deaf.
From a studio in their house, Rosalyn teaches three creative consulting workshops each month. The workshops focus on making family scrapbooks.
Jack wrote he believed that having the Maryland School for the Deaf in Frederick is of great benefit to the local deaf and hard-of-hearing population, and makes the city more receptive to their needs.
The friendly and helpful attitude of many local salespeople Rosalyn encountered when they first started building their house in Frederick remains, she wrote.
"To this day, people are still the same and even better, more and more of them know how to use basic signs to communicate with deaf people," she wrote. "The deaf community appreciates this so much."


Resilient buildings and cities are in the center of common interests in modern academic communities for science and engineering. Resilience of buildings and cities against multidisciplinary risks is strongly related to the sustainability of buildings and cities in which reduction of damage during risks and fast recovery from the damage are key issues. Robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness and rapidity are four key factors for supporting the full realization of design and construction of resilient buildings and cities. This research topic welcomes cutting-edge research from various aspects, e.g. robustness of buildings and cities against earthquake risk, structural control and base-isolation for controlling damage risks, quantification of resilience measures, structural health monitoring, innovative structural engineering techniques for higher safety of buildings, resilience actions and tools at urban scale, etc.


As stated in the previous edition of the National Brief, AMFA is unique and there are various roles in our Association that work together to ensure that you receive the best representation possible. In the last issue, we discussed the Administrative role-more specifically the Local Executive Council (LEC). In this issue, we explore the contractual role in our Association and how that is accomplished.
The AMFA Constitution and your Local Bylaws specify the apparatus that deals with the enforcement of the contract between AMFA and your carrier, otherwise called the grievance procedure. At the floor level is the Shop Representative, elected by members of that specific bid location and shift. The Shop Representative's job is to file grievances on a member's behalf, represent members in fact-finding meetings, and provide contractual updates as necessary. This is one of the most important jobs in AMFA, as this is the position most often associated with our union. These representatives are the front-line soldiers in our collective fight to enforce the contract. Recently, the Association completed an updated and interactive Shop Representative training program that has been positively received by those who attended.
If the Shop Representative is not able to achieve success with the grievance at the local level, or if they need additional help, they may turn to an Area Representative, a position identified in the Constitution that an LEC can utilize to "serve the outlying station membership of that local." This is a position that overlaps the administrative and contractual functions of the Association. The Area Representative falls under the jurisdiction of the LEC, but receives instructions and duties from the Local Airline Representative, a position discussed later in this article. The Area Representative is elected for two years by the contract-specific members that they serve and has several duties such as: handling grievances, helping with contractual interpretations, helping compile contract proposals for their LEC, being informed on negotiations, and maintaining close contact with the Shop Representatives and LEC. Some locals use Area Representatives extensively, while others do not. It is entirely up to the LEC to determine if the local needs the expanded representation that the Area Representative can provide.
As mentioned above, the Shop Representative and Area Representative take instruction from the Local Airline Representative. Each airline in a local must have at least one, and the number of Airline Representatives is determined by the amount of carrier-specific members at that local. As a local officer, but not a member of the LEC, they are elected for two year terms by the carrier-specific membership. This individual is responsible for many important duties. Topping the list is the responsibility of negotiating, interpreting, and enforcing your contract.
The Airline Representative is your local's member on the system-wide negotiating committee during contract negotiations. He represents his member's interests and points of view to the union negotiating committee during caucus as they advance the member submitted proposals and deliberate the direction they want to follow in response to a company proposal. They are there throughout negotiations as each side's proposals are presented, argued, and resolved. Through this process they are an essential part of creating the "bargaining history" that plays an all important role during contract enforcement.
After negotiations conclude with a new contract, in future grievances and arbitrations over negotiated contract language, an arbitrator will seek to understand the bargaining history that went into drafting the contract language being argued as well as the intent behind the written word. Therefore, the Airlines Representative as a participant and eye witness in negotiations plays a vital role in explaining to the arbitrator the union's intent behind every word negotiated into the contract.
Additionally, the Airline Representatives decide which unresolved grievances go forward to arbitration. Once the Airline Representatives decide they want to take a grievance to arbitration they get an opinion from AMFA legal and present the case to their respective local's LEC for notification and review. This process works to provide a check and balance for those cases that are being considered for funding for arbitration.
As you can see from our previous article on the administrative side of the Association, coupled with this article on the contractual side of the Association, it takes a lot of dedicated people working hard in their roles to provide the union representation that you as a member should expect and deserve. In the next edition of the National Brief, we'll tackle the safety representatives and their role in our Association.
Have you tried the new Smartphone App?
The Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association (AMFA) has created a smartphone app for its members. Available for both Android and Apple phones, the app is a quick link to the latest news and information from your Union. With built in GrievTrac access, the app gives our contract representatives private access to file grievances on behalf of our members.
"Safety in the Air Begins with Quality Maintenance on the Ground"


text:
The Little Grey Mouse er en amerikansk stumfilm fra 1920 af James P. Hogan.

Medvirkende
 Louise Lovely som Beverly Arnold
 Sam De Grasse som John Cumberland
 Rosemary Theby som Hedda Kossiter
 Philo McCullough som Stephen Grey
 Clarence Wilson som Henry Lealor
 Gerard Alexander som Mrs. Lealor
 Willis Marks
 Thomas Jefferson

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra USA
Amerikanske film fra 1920
Dramafilm fra USA


text:
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Davey Coombs
30 Stories From The Ranch When Ex-Pros Return
July 29, 2021 10:30am
by: Davey Coombs
Loretta Lynn's
People You Didn't Realize Raced Loretta's
When Ex-Pros Return to Race Against Amateurs at Loretta Lynn's Ranch
Hurricane Mills, TN AMA Amateur National Motocross Championship (Loretta Lynn's) Amateur National Motocross Championship
With the 40th Annual Monster Energy AMA Amateur National Motocross Championship at Loretta Lynn's Ranch up quickly, we thought we would celebrate four decades of world-class youth and amateur motocross racing with 30 Loretta Lynn's stories from years gone by.
Ever since Day One at the Loretta Lynn's AMA Amateur National Motocross Championship, at least one senior/vet class has been open to former professional riders. And as you can imagine, it's been a point of controversy ever since. Some will argue that once you are a card-carrying AMA Pro Motocrosser, you are always a pro—leave the amateur races to true amateurs. Others will counter that most people hold a pro license for two years at most, and half never actually make it into an AMA Pro Motocross national or AMA Supercross main event. Once they drop their pro card, where else can they race except for amateur events? The only AMA Pro Motocross–sanctioned events are the 12 rounds of the Lucas Oil AMA Pro Motocross Championship, and that's a tall order for any rider of a certain age, unless you're John Dowd (and it's been a few years since his last try).
Over the years, we've seen a steady stream of ex-pros who still ride and race and want to race Loretta Lynn's like they did when they were kids, only this time they're bringing their own kids as well. They're allowed to ride in the Junior +25 class as well as the +45 and +50 classes. Off-limits to ex-pros are the Vet +30 Sportsmen and Senior +40 Sportsman classes.
The first ex-pro to enter the amateur national was Barry Higgins, who finished 11th in the Senior +30 class in 1982. Higgins, who hailed from New York but had moved to Georgia, was the winner of the first two AMA Pro Motocross races ever held, the '72 Road Atlanta National and the '72 Memphis National. I can't remember anyone complaining about Higgins riding that class, but Loretta Lynn's was a little more relaxed back then, especially the vet class.
Ricky Carmichael at the Ranch in 2012. Simon Cudby
By the way, the winner of the Senior class in both '82 and '83 was a man named Gordon Bowden, who was actually an Irishman who won national titles back home before emigrating to the Gastonia, North Carolina.
The first real "superstar" to show up as an ex-pro and enter Loretta Lynn's was Pennsylvania's Tony DiStefano, the three-time AMA 250 National Motocross Champion (1975–'77). But Tony D. found out something that's become a big part of Loretta Lynn's folklore: no matter how good you were as a professional, when you come back here and try again as vet rider, chances are you're going to get beat by someone you've probably never heard of! In Tony D's case, he was beaten in all three motos by South Carolina playground legend Robbie Neeley, a multi-time champion here. Neeley did have a pro license, but only for two years. He qualified for AMA Pro Motocross races, finishing 23rd in both of them.
In 1988, another superstar came for the one and only time: Mark Barnett, the three-time AMA 125 Pro Motocross Champion and '81 AMA Supercross Champion. He won all three of his motos handily.
Mark Barnett at the Loretta Lynn's Ranch in 1988. Racer X Archives
Others big names would follow, with varying degrees of success: Marty Smith, Kenny Keylon, Kevin Foley, Billy Liles, Denny Swartz, Andy Stacy, Trampas Parker, and all the way through to Jeff Emig, who came back in 2002, two years after he was forced to retire from his AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame career due to injuries. Emig found out exactly what many of the other old pros found out upon coming back here; his nemesis was all-time amateur vet winner Kevin Walker from Penhook, Virginia, who also had a cup of coffee as a pro, racing in a handful of nationals and 125 SX races in the early '90s. Emig did get some titles, but it was a little humbling battling with Kevin Walker when you were used to battling with Jeremy McGrath.
30 Stories From The Ranch: Mike Alessi's Last Supermini July 28 - 3:00pm
Loretta Lynn's Welcomes Returning Sponsors to the 40th Annual Event July 28 - 12:30pm
30 Stories From the Ranch: Davey Yezek and the Dream On Shot July 27 - 1:30pm
Method Race Wheels Partners with Haiden Deegan to Launch Exclusive Project July 27 - 12:40pm
Ricky Carmichael has come back, as has Tim Ferry, Scott Sheak, Nathan Ramsey, and Buddy Antunez, and this year we're going to see Emig again, as well as Ryan Hughes, Mike Brown, and the ageless Kurt Nicoll, one of Great Britain's all-time best riders, but someone who has never been here before and has no idea what to expect. He may be in for a few surprises.
Jeff Emig (#47) at the Ranch in 2002. Thom Veety
Sebastien Tortelli at the Ranch in 2015. Christian Munoz
Mike Brown at the Ranch in 2019. Christian Munoz
Which brings me to two of my favorite stories about ex-pro riders trying the Vet class here. In 2015, Sebastien Tortelli, two-time FIM Motocross World Champion, came to Loretta Lynn's for the first time in Junior +25 and Senior +40 (before it became a Sportsman class). I warned him before the race to be ready for a muddy moto, a hot moto, and not to be surprised if he loses to someone he's never heard of. Tortelli did just fine in the +40 class, winning the title, but in the Junior +25 class he lost to Florida's Ricky Renner. When I saw Seb afterward, he said he was a little surprised to lose in all three motos, but at least he'd heard of "Renner, the guy who always wins Step-Up at the X Games." I said no, he's thinking of Ronnie Renner who always wins the X Games. This is his little brother Ricky.
The very next year, 2016, Michael Byrne, the Australian who had a long AMA Supercross/Pro Motocross career and now manages the Rocky Mountain ATV/MC/KTM-WPS team, decided to come back and race Junior +25 just like Tortelli did. He asked me what to expect, as he had never raced here as a kid. I told him those same three things: one muddy race, one hot race, and loss to someone you've never heard of. Byrner laughed and said, "We'll see."
At the end of the week, I ran into Byrne near the My Laps scoring trailer and asked him how it was going. He just shook his head and said, "My first moto was a muddy mess, my second one was a scorcher, but I finally won my last moto … and I have no idea who the winner is." In a Junior +25 class that included not only Michael Byrne but Robbie Reynard, Austin Stroupe, Barry Carsten, Jim Polvony, and more, the overall winner was someone named Michael Stryker from New Paltz, New York.
Main Image by Christian Munoz
Redux: Riders Talk Washougal 6:00pm
3 on 3: Team USA? 1:00pm
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After releasing a number of highly successful singles over the past 2 years, Jaro Local, the fast rising Island Reggae star from the Solomon Islands, is preparing for the release of his debut album "Dakini Tangarareh".
The son of Solomon Islands music legend Sharzy, Jaro Local got to learn from one of the very best growing up. He officially kick-started his own career as a teenager with Island Urban boy band Dezine with his cousins Sean Rii and Santana. Dezine exploded onto the music scene with their smash hit 'Gyal' in 2013 and continued to break new ground with their hits 'Must Be Love' and 'Lady Jazz' cementing their status as one of the hottest island bands in the Pacific.
Since going solo in 2016, Jaro Local has soared to new musical heights – he won Rookie of the Year, Song of the Year and South Pacific Artist of the Year at the PNG FM Music Awards in 2017, his music achieved millions of plays on YouTube, he performed in sold out tours in PNG, Vanuatu, Fiji, New Caledonia, Australia and New Zealand.
And most recently his song "Dakini Tangarareh" became a smash hit across the Pacific and New Zealand and recently was selected to be play-listed on the no.1 most popular Hawaiian Reggae playlist on Spotify.
His debut album will feature some of his biggest hits including "Dakini Tangarareh", "Half Malaita", "Ngoiza" and will also feature one brand new unreleased track. Jaro Local is excited about the release of his debut album saying "I'm proud to be able to share my music with all my fans and do my part to keep taking Island Music to the world and to represent for the Solomon Islands".
The album will be released worldwide on Friday 24 August 2018 and will be available to steam or download on all major music platforms.


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The metal cascades wall light comes with a wall bracket and takes a G9 type bulb, max 40W (not supplied).