text:
The Moth Wars
Two years ago, a bug set off a nasty clash in California. Daniel Strain revisits the battleground. Illustrated by Kirk Guo and Christie Newman.
Illustration: Kirk Guo (people) and Christie Newman (moth)
The moth's American story may have started like this: Its larvae travelled by boat, accidental hitchhikers on a fruit shipment. Like immigrants in the days of Ellis Island, the grubs rode out the cold and damp of the voyage with leaves wrapped around them like blankets. Crawling from their cocoons, the moths found themselves in California, gold hills stretching into the distance.
In 2006, a retired entomologist trapped a lone adult—a drab moth no bigger than your thumbnail—in his Berkeley backyard. This bug set off a chain of events that split California in two: pesticide-wary citizens on one side and the state government on the other.
The troublesome insect was an Australian native and known agricultural pest called the light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana). Since debarking from that boat, its populations had grown undercover throughout the San Francisco Bay Area and in Monterey and Santa Cruz counties to the south. The U.S. Department of Agriculture and the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) moved to squash them in their tracks. They enlisted crops dusters to douse urban areas, like the city of Santa Cruz, with a pesticide based on the insect's natural sex pheromones.
The CDFA swore the spray was harmless, but toxicologists hadn't tested it for health or environmental safety. That worried Santa Cruz residents like Paulina Borsook. In May 2007, she was emerging from her own cocoon of caring for her elderly mother when what she calls the "moth wars" began. "I was just beginning to crawl out and reclaim my life, and then the state of California decides it wants to try to kill me," she says.
Dozens of front page articles and TV spots billed the clash as "moth of mass destruction versus public health menace," Borsook says. Local government support for the state tanked. In 2008, hundreds of people staged a march across the Golden Gate Bridge to protest the CDFA's actions. The agency abandoned its aerial campaign less than one month later in June.
"If you asked why this happened, it's the mindset, which, actually, has always been here," Borsook says. "This is the heart of the heart of blue state California. What makes you think we're going to put up with this?"
But two years later, mounting evidence has shed doubt on both the state and opposition's stances. Prominent scientists and a federal report argued that the light brown apple moth might not be the pest to end all pests, after all. They also questioned whether the CDFA stood a chance of eradicating it in the first place. Anti-spray activists charged that the agency's pesticide was littered with known toxins that made hundreds of people sick following initial aerial treatments in Santa Cruz and Monterey. But most toxicological studies now suggest otherwise. As the dust clears, there isn't a David or Goliath—just a bunch of people holding slingshots.
The light brown apple moth has since spent its days meandering the Pacific coast. But, for many like Borsook, the calm is temporary. As the state gears up for a second round of assaults, the moth may once again find itself at the center of a rough-and-tumble California.
Trouble in ecotopia
Borsook, with bushy gray hair, has bee-like energy. She talks rapid-fire and emphasizes her points by slapping the table with her palm. She was a technical writer in the infancy of Silicon Valley. Decades ago, she moved to Santa Cruz—or as she calls it, "the people's republic of ecotopia"—to escape the pollution of San Francisco. As an independent activist and member of the group Stop the Spray. Borsook spends her days mailing letters to politicians and camping out in libraries.
Photo: Daniel Strain
Paulina Borsook stands on the steps of City Hall in Santa Cruz. In December 2007, she and hundreds of other activists gathered here to voice their outrage over aerial spraying of the light brown apple moth.
"I hadn't seen this type of public outrage since the height of the anti-war movement in '68, '69, where people were that outraged, that out in the streets," she says.
To the CDFA, the light brown apple moth wasn't an innocent wanderer but a fugitive on the run. The bug trespassed into New Zealand in the late 1800s. In the 1960s through 1980s, it spoiled an average of 8 percent to 26 percent of the nation's apple crops, according to a recent report in the journal California Agriculture. The moth wasn't the sort of houseguest the CDFA wanted around, nor did California's trading partners, says Marshall Johnson, an entomologist at the University of California, Riverside.
The CDFA planned to crush the bug with a strange boot—the pheromone scent that male moths inhale while tracking down females. The agency was going prevent males from ever finding mates by bombarding them with sexual noise. The pesticide, called Checkmate, wasn't even a pesticide. "The only way you can kill an insect with a pheromone is if it drowns in it," Johnson says.
The CDFA—which declined to participate in this story—organized town-hall meetings to make its case but found them filled with steaming citizens. "I'm sure the ag commissioner brought his own armed guard with him," says Mike Rotkin, a Santa Cruz city councilman. YouTube was peppered with activist videos, some satirical and some vitriolic.
Support from many local growers similarly wilted. California Certified Organic Farmers, which advises about 2,000 Californian farmers and food manufacturers, originally accepted the CDFA's plan but withdrew its approval in March 2008. Many of the organization's members were up in arms over the state's stringent quarantines, says policy adviser Zea Sonnabend.
The CDFA inspected farms and nurseries in Santa Cruz County, often holding up shipments—mostly berry and fruit crops—when it suspected infestation. Teresa Aquino, a bamboo and exotic plant nursery owner, had a "find" on her property in 2007. The state told her she could either bathe her stock in pesticides or close. She chose to pack it in. After raising hell with the USDA, Aquino reopened her nursery weeks later on a milder insecticide regimen but, she says, the fun was gone. She stopped growing exotics—more prone to moth attacks—because she couldn't afford to close again.
"It's one thing to go through all this trouble and exposure and danger in some cases for something that seems really important and worthwhile, and this was not," Aquino says.
The CDFA was only able to conduct three spray treatments, two in Monterey County and one in Santa Cruz County in September through November 2007. In response to a lawsuit filed by the city of Santa Cruz, a county Superior Court judge nixed further sprays in April 2008 pending an environmental impact report. Such a report would include a bevy of tests to demonstrate the need for and safety of the plan.
Borsook calls the victory "inconceivable." "I was sitting there when we got the news and I had tears in my eyes," she says.
Public health menace
Many men and women played a role in that victory, Borsook says. According to Santa Cruz City Councilman Tony Madrigal, his contribution was a good chant for public protests. His favorite: "Our lungs. Our choice."
To protect the manufacturer's trade secrets, the state didn't release a full list of the spray's ingredients until October 2007. What had people worried afterward wasn't the pheromone itself but the inert ingredients, the liquid medium that carried the pheromone. Online records for butylated hydroxytoluene, for instance, included the descriptions: "May cause cancer," and "May cause adverse reproductive effects." Even worse were the microcapsules that encircled the spray's liquid ingredients. These dissolvable shells were the size of a mote of smoke, small enough to burrow into the bottommost reaches of the lung.
The California Office of Environmental Health Hazards Assessment (OEHHA), in conjunction with the California departments of Public Health (CDPH) and Pesticide Regulation, released a report on the spray's toxicology in November 2008. According to the report, test animals could breathe in the spray or eat it at relatively high doses without ill effects. Lab rats or rabbits were a little more sensitive to direct skin contact, making the product a class III, or moderate, irritant. This put the spray in the same category as citronella oil, a common ingredient in many cosmetics and soaps.
Only about three ounces of the chemical concoction—which was, itself, about 70 percent water—was spread over each acre of land during the aerial sprayings. The state agencies concluded that the inerts and microcapsules were probably too dilute to cause any harm.
"You can calculate the vaporized fat you are exposed to 100 meters downwind from a Burger King and compare it to the pheromone," says Bruce Hammock, an entomologist and cancer researcher at the University of California, Davis.
But because the spray was a moderate irritant, the state agencies couldn't rule out adverse reactions. The tests also only measured short-term effects, not impacts from repeated exposure, and the CDFA was planning to spray multiple times per year for several years. The test animals represented a small group of coal-mine canaries, the state agencies noted, compared to the population of a town like Santa Cruz, about 55,000 people. As populations grow, so do the number of men and women with rare hypersensitivities.
Following the three sprays in 2007, the state received reports from about 500 people claiming that the product had made them sick. The reports ran the gamut from asthma flare-ups to headaches and menstrual irregularities. When the state agencies evaluated the complaints, they concluded that there wasn't enough evidence to link the spray with the spate of bad health.
Santa Cruz and Monterey counties both had high background rates of similar illnesses. Those reporting symptoms represented about 1.2 out of every 1,000 people living in the spray zones, says Sam Delson, a spokesman for the OEHHA. During an average non-spray period, between 150 and 200 out of 1,000 Californians experience the same symptoms, he says. And most symptom reporters gave the state incomplete data. "Many did not indicate the time, date, or location of the possible exposure," Delson says.
While the state agencies couldn't prove that the illnesses were linked to the spray, they also couldn't prove that they weren't. In the absence of concrete evidence, the best an agency can do is draw up a risk assessment for a compound, says UC Santa Cruz toxicologist Donald Smith. It's a judgment call—how many illnesses should the CDFA hazard for the result it wants. People do the same thing when they weigh the pros and cons of driving a car, he says. "People deal with risk and assessment all the time, but they're not necessarily doing it when something's being applied to them and they don't have a say in it," Smith says.
But for Madrigal, there was no acceptable risk for the CDFA's actions. "One person that gets sick because of the spray is one person too many," he says.
The CDFA burned too many bridges for a program that just wasn't worth it, Hammock says. "However ill conceived their fear is—it is a real fear," he says. "Society should not subject them to this fear when there is little or now social benefit to be had."
Moth of mass destruction?
UC Riverside's Johnson served on the technical working group that first evaluated the moth threat in 2007. He's worked with fruit and vegetable pests in Hawaii and California for decades, learning it's much easier to control pests before they've had a chance to get comfortable. "After working in Hawaii for 19 years," he says, "I decided that the best way to control invasive species is don't let the dang things in."
Not every eager beetle hopping off a produce shipment is a pest. Of the close to 400 invasive insects in American forests, about 80 have proven nasty, says Andrew Liebhold, an entomologist with the USDA Forest Service. This minority, however, includes insects like the emerald ash borer, which has caused irreparable damage to East Coast ash tree populations.
The USDA and CDFA had good reason to name the light brown apple moth public enemy number one, he says. It's an indiscriminate diner, caught feeding on more than 250 plant species from trees to fruit crops, according to the California Agriculture report. The technical working group couldn't say definitively that the moth was a threat but took the available science and made a gambit, Johnson says.
Then in stepped Jim Carey. Borsook calls this UC Davis entomologist the anti-spray movement's "George Clooney." Carey first made waves in the 1980s by challenging claims that the CDFA had successfully eradicated the Mediterranean fruit fly, or medfly. Medfly populations kept popping up in California every few years. These weren't new bugs sneaking into the country, Carey says, but old bugs that had survived previous pesticide treatments. Then, Carey disappeared from the field for more than a decade to study human aging. When he saw that the CDFA was repeating its medfly mistakes with the light brown apple moth, he jumped back into the tumult. "They had zero chance to eradicate," he says. "I had a responsibility to step up and render my scientific opinion."
Carey examined how quickly a similar invasive, the gypsy moth, had spread in California and compared the data to the distribution of the light brown apple moth. The moth was too far-flung to be a recent arrival, he concluded. He says the moth's fateful boat ride probably took place 30 to 50 years ago. He compared the insect's distribution to metastatic cancer: The CDFA wasn't trying to eradicate one population but thousands. "It's absolutely crazy the money put into this, and it's just money wasted," Carey says.
Since the 1990s, New Zealand growers have kept moth populations in check with light pesticide applications mixed with biological controls, such as the introduction of natural predators, the California Agriculture report says. California Certified Organic Farmers' Sonnabend believes that these tools are more than enough for the light brown apple moth at home. This maligned bug has only caused a single documented act of crop damage, she says—ruining a blackberry field in 2009.
If Carey is George Clooney, then an August 2009 report by the National Research Council was his Oscar nomination. The council argued that the USDA and CDFA weren't on sound scientific footing when they declared the moth a menace. Among other things, the agencies ignored genetic data suggesting that the insect had immigrated to California not once but at several distinct times.
Not everyone rolled out the red carpet for Carey. Liebhold says that the moth could easily have spread quicker than Carey predicted. Indeed, Liebhold thinks that in 2007, the CDFA stood a good chance of eradicating the bug. Now that the light brown apple moth has made itself at home, he says it may take severe chemical attacks to keep it at bay. "Ironically, you and I may be consuming more pesticide residues because this insect wasn't eradicated," he says.
But for Borsook, Hammock of UC Davis and other critics, the CDFA's animosity toward the light brown apple moth was based on economy, not ecology. As long as Canadians and Mexicans worry about what might be squirming in shipments of California grapes or artichokes, the state stands to lose billions in trade.
Regardless of how long they've been settled, invasive populations often oscillate between tame and harmful states, Johnson says. "It'll be about a decade before we really know what's going to happen to the light brown apple moth," he says. "We're still in the early stages."
In March 2010, the CDFA released an environmental impact report on its moth management plan. With the light brown apple moth seemingly dug in for the long haul, however, the agency announced it would only try to control the bug, not eradicate it outright. This strategy doesn't include aerial sprays, although the CDFA reserves the right to crop dust rural areas. Instead, the agency is focusing on twist ties soaked in pheromone and releasing sterile males to dilute out the fertile ones.
The CDFA isn't the caterpillar it used to be, but neither is Borsook. She's still concerned about the health impacts of the agency's plan, but her activism has sprouted wings. When she and fellow "moth-nutters" again cram city halls and type letters, it will be with an economic message: The CDFA's strategy is bad for farmers and California's checkbook. As long as the state continues to fly against the values of ecotopia, she hopes the old guard will drift back to the fray like moths to a flame.
Story © 2010 by Daniel Strain. For reproduction requests, contact the Science Communication Program office.
Daniel Strain
B.S. (ecology and evolutionary biology) University of California, Santa Cruz
Internship: U.S. National Park Service, Point Reyes, California
My dreams of becoming Indiana Jones ended in a dodgeball game. I was eleven and skinny, and I got a black eye. I was not cut out for a life of evading tanks and cracking whips.
My new dreams started on a hike. I was sixteen, still skinny, and standing fifteen feet from a mountain goat. His coat was as coarse as steel wool, and he was big. I realized that when Dr. Jones dropped the sandbag, his moment of discovery was the real adventure. I followed it through ecological research and veterinary medicine. The more I learned, the more selfish I felt for keeping the mountain goat to myself. The sight of him on the shale wasn't just for me. I now want to share it with all the scrawny action heroes out there.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kirk Gao
B.S. (computer science) Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
To anyone who knew me as a child, I would have become such as to be virtually unrecognizable in appearance and habit. . . were it not for my singular unchanged passion for recreating prehistoric creatures and historical battles on paper. Though I am a student of science and history, I discovered in my undergraduate studies that I do not deal well with dry facts and figures and writing copious reports. Rather, I felt that the beauty of nature and the power of history must not only be shown but be felt in some real way, through an invitation to a visual experience that I strive to create. To this end I am grateful for the people in this Science Illustration Program in whose company I find advice, example, encouragement, and fellowship.
Christie A. Newman
B.F.A. (scientific illustration) University of Georgia
Internships: Annual Reviews, Maryjo Koch Studios
As a child, I spent hours studying and drawing all kinds of creatures. I wanted my subjects to look completely real so I struggled to draw every detail. This fascination stuck with me throughout grammar school and into college where I initially studied drawing and painting. Intent on making a career out of my passion for drawing, I shifted my focus toward a B.F.A. in Scientific Illustration. After graduating, I began working as a freelance illustrator while studying graphic design and print. Now that I have completed my masters work in Science Illustration, I see each new project as a fabulous opportunity to explore my love of illustration, design and biological science. See my most recent projects and samples of my art at www.ChristieNewman.com.
Robert Irion
Art editors
Amadeo Bachar
Ann Caudle
Barbara McKenna
Gordy Slack (text)
Molly Bentley (podcasts)
Mary Miller (web media)
Lisa Strong (web media)


The new Never Off Duty t-shirt in navy. A great new addition to the Never Off Duty range. A totally versatile top that can be paired perfectly with this season's tones and styles.
See this navy top styled in the Mama Life London YouTube video.
Feel free to stalk Mama Life London on Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and Twitter to see the clothes in action and find out the latest goings on.


text:
Q: Algorithm too slow for shuffling ArrayList I am trying to implement the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm on java. It works but when my ArrayList is of a size > 100000, it goes very slow. I will show you my code and do you see any way to optimize the code? I did some research about the complexity of .get and .set from ArrayList and it is O(1) which makes sense to me.
UPDATE 1: I noticed my implementation was wrong. This is the proper Fisher-Yates algorithm. Also I included my next() function so you guys can see it. I tested with java.Random to see if my next() function was the problem but it gives the same result. I believe the problem is with the usage of my data structure.
UPDATE 2: I made a test and the ArrayList is an instanceof RandomAccess. So the problem is not there.
private long next(){ // MurmurHash3

    seed ^= seed >> 33;
    seed *= 0xff51afd7ed558ccdL;
    seed ^= seed >> 33;
    seed *= 0xc4ceb9fe1a85ec53L;
    seed ^= seed >> 33;

    return seed;

}

public int next(int range){

    return (int) Math.abs((next() % range));

}

public ArrayList<Integer> shuffle(ArrayList<Integer> pList){

    Integer temp;
    int index;
    int size = pList.size();

    for (int i = size - 1; i > 0; i--){

        index = next(i + 1);
        temp = pList.get(index);
        pList.set(index, pList.get(i));
        pList.set(i, temp);

    }

    return pList;

}

A: EDIT: Added some comments after you implemented correctly the Fisher-Yates algorithm.
The Fisher-Yates algorithm relies on uniformly distributed random integers to produce unbiased permutations. Using an hash function (MurmurHash3) to generate random numbers and introducing the abs and modulo operations to force the numbers in a fixed range make the implementation less robust.
This implementation uses the java.util.Random PRNG and should work fine for your needs:
public <T> List<T> shuffle(List<T> list) {

   // trust the default constructor which sets the seed to a value very likely
   // to be distinct from any other invocation of this constructor
   final Random random = new Random();

   final int size = list.size();

   for (int i = size - 1; i > 0; i--) {
      // pick a random number between one and the number
      // of unstruck numbers remaining (inclusive)
      int index = random.nextInt(i + 1);
      list.set(index, list.set(i, list.get(index)));
   }

   return list;

}

I can't see any major performance bottleneck in your code. However, here is a fire&forget comparison of the implementation above against the Collections#shuffle method:
public void testShuffle() {
   List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();

   for (int i = 0; i < 1_000_000; i++) {
      list.add(i);
   }

   System.out.println("size: " + list.size());

   System.out.println("Fisher-Yates shuffle");
   for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
      shuffle(list);
      long stop = System.currentTimeMillis();
      System.out.println("#" + i + " " + (stop - start) + "ms");
   }

   System.out.println("Java shuffle");
   for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
      Collections.shuffle(list);
      long stop = System.currentTimeMillis();
      System.out.println("#" + i + " " + (stop - start) + "ms");
   }
}

which gives me the following results:
size: 1000000
Fisher-Yates shuffle
#0 84ms
#1 60ms
#2 42ms
#3 45ms
#4 47ms
#5 46ms
#6 52ms
#7 49ms
#8 47ms
#9 53ms
Java shuffle
#0 60ms
#1 46ms
#2 44ms
#3 48ms
#4 50ms
#5 46ms
#6 46ms
#7 49ms
#8 50ms
#9 47ms

A: (Better suited for Code Review forum.)
I changed what I could:
Random random = new Random(42);
for (ListIterator<Integer>.iter = pList.listIterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
    Integer value = iter.next();
    int index = random.nextInt(size);
    iter.set(pList.get(index));
    pList.set(index, value);
}

As an ArrayList is a list of large arrays, you might set the initialCapacity in the ArrayList constructor. trimToSize() might do something too. Using a ListIterator means that one already is at the the current partial array, and that might help.
The optional parameter of the Random constructor (here 42) allows to pick a fixed random sequence (= repeatable), allowing during development timing and tracing the same sequence.

A: Try this code and compare the execution time with your fisher yates method.
This is probably the "next" method  which is slow
function fisherYates(array) {
     for (var i = array.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
     var index = Math.floor(Math.random() * i);
     //swap
     var tmp = array[index];
     array[index] = array[i];
     array[i] = tmp;
}

A: Combining some fragments that have been scattered in comments and other answers:

*

*The original code was not an implementation of the Fisher-Yates-Shuffle. It was only swapping random elements. This means that certain permutations are more likely than others, and the result is not truly random

*If there is a bottleneck, it could (based on the code provided) only be in the next method, which you did not say anything about. It should be replaced by the nextInt method of an instance of java.util.Random
Here is an example of what it may look like. (Note that the speedTest method is not even remotely intended as a "benchmark", but should only indicate that the execution time is negligible even for large lists).
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

class FisherYatesShuffle {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        basicTest();
        speedTest();
    }

    private static void basicTest() {
        List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>(Arrays.asList(1,2,3,4,5));
        shuffle(list, new Random(0));;
        System.out.println(list);
    }

    private static void speedTest() {
        List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        int n = 1000000;
        for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
            list.add(i);
        }
        long before = System.nanoTime();
        shuffle(list, new Random(0));;
        long after = System.nanoTime();
        System.out.println("Duration "+(after-before)/1e6+"ms");
        System.out.println(list.get(0));
    }

    public static <T> void shuffle(List<T> list, Random random) {
        for (int i = list.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) {
            int index = random.nextInt(i + 1);
            T t = list.get(index);
            list.set(index, list.get(i));
            list.set(i, t);
        }
    }
}

An aside: You gave a list as an argument, and returned the same list. This may be appropriate in some cases, but did not make any sense here. There are several options for the signature and behavior of such a method. But most likely, it should receive a List, and shuffle this list in-place. In fact, it would also make sense to explicitly check whether the list implements the java.util.RandomAccess interface. For a List that does not implement the RandomAccess interface, this algorithm would degrade to quadratic performance. In this case, it would be better to copy the given list into a list that implements RandomAccess, shuffle this copy, and the copy the results back into the original list.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Entering into a prenuptial agreement has become common practice for New York couples who are about to get married. With divorce rates on the rise and people getting married later in life, prenuptial agreements can provide you with peace of mind that your interests and assets will be protected in the event of a divorce or the death of a spouse.
At the Law Offices of Randy S. Margulis and Associates, I help people throughout the Buffalo metropolitan area establish prenuptial and postnuptial agreements. I know that prenuptial agreements have a somewhat negative stigma attached to them, and people may feel uncomfortable about entering into a prenuptial or postnuptial agreement with their spouse. With 25 years of experience handling family law cases throughout Western New York, I provide my clients with thoughtful advice about prenuptial agreements and explain the benefits that they can offer. Let me focus on handling the legal details while you and your spouse begin your marital journey together.
Why should I consider getting a prenuptial agreement?
There are several reasons why someone would consider entering into a prenuptial agreement.
You have loved ones who need to be protected. Prenuptial agreements can help divorcees ensure that their prior children or grandchildren receive the financial support they need in the event of divorce or their parent's death. If you have elderly parents, these agreements can also make sure that they receive the care and/or medical treatment they need.
You have assets such as a home, stock or retirement funds that you earned before marriage. In divorce proceedings, property is divided into separate and marital property. A prenuptial agreement can help you define what assets are considered separate property and protect them from being divided upon divorce.
You own all or part of a business. Prenuptial agreements can help you protect your ownership share in business ventures upon divorce. In addition, if you own a family business, these agreements can help your family retain control of the business in the event of your death.
You hold or are pursuing a professional degree or license. In New York, degrees or licenses conferred upon one spouse are subject to valuation and distribution in divorce proceedings. Prenuptial agreements can help you prevent your spouse from receiving money from a degree he or she had no part in helping you obtain. Moreover, if you supported your spouse while they attended college or graduate studies, prenuptial agreements can help ensure that you receive a share of their degree's value if your marriage should end.
You are considerably wealthier than your spouse. Prenuptial agreements can help you protect yourself from people with financial motivations for entering into marriage. Appearances are sometimes deceiving, and entering into a prenuptial agreement can put these concerns to rest.
If you are considering entering a prenuptial agreement, talk to me about the issues before you talk with your fiancé(e). By addressing these concerns before a marriage, you can both strengthen your relationship and plan out your financial future. A prenuptial agreement can help memorialize the trust and honesty you have with your partner and protect yourself in the event that life does not go as planned.


The Organising Committee (OrgCom) of the European Universities Debating Championships (EUDC or Euros) 2015 in Vienna published their call for international volunteers. Everyone can apply to support the existing crew and be part of the this year's EUDC.
Stage one of the application process consists in reading the International Crew Recruitment Guideline and filling out the International Crew Recruitment Survey. In stage two beginning in mid-April, the OrgCom will contact the applicants if they have questions or need their expertise and knowledge. Stage three is the tournament itself.
Everyone can apply for being an international volunteer – the OrgCom emphasizes that age, nationality, gender or lack of experience in debating are no knock-out criteria. The organisers expect volunteers to be available from June 30 in the morning until the August 9 in the evening. The volunteers have to pay for their own travel expenses. During the tournament (August 2-8), they will be accommodated in a hostel paid for by Vienna EUDC; before and after the tournament, they will stay with debaters from Vienna.
The OrgCom specified a list of qualities it is looking for in volunteers: Commitment to the tournament, ability to work in groups (and have fun doing so), ability to address and solve conflicts, sharing the vision of Vienna EUDC 2015 and being able to integrate with other volunteers.
Questions can be directed to get [dot] involved [at] viennaeudc [dot] eu.
More Information on Vienna EUDC 2015 can be found on their website, their twitter channel and their facebook page. Interested people can subscribe to a newsletter.


text:
Banks' offices and ATMs locator, SWIFT codes and more.
News and Articles and News tagged 'bank account'
Internet Banking in Singapore with HSBC Bank
The HSBC bank in Singapore was established in 1877 and currently serves customers through its eleven traditional branches as well as over the internet. Read more »
How to Open a Bank Account and Get a Credit Card in HSBC Singapore
Expatriates and travelers require banking and credit card services abroad, and HSBC Singapore has several options for credit card and bank account services. Read more »
Opening an Account in OCBC Bank Singapore
OCBC Bank is the oldest and most reputable bank in Singapore. It was formed in 1932 during the Great Depression as a result of the merger of three Singaporean banks, the oldest of which conducted its activities since 1912 and was called Chinese Commercial Bank. The other two banks were Ho Hong Bank (founded in 1917) and Oversea-Chinese Bank (1919). Read more »
Singapore is one of the largest and fastest growing financial centres in Asia
Today, there are 111 commercial banks, 49 merchant banks, and 45 banks with representative offices operate in Singapore, managing more than $350 billion of assets (2004). The banking industry in Singapore is regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
Singapore Banks Rating
Islamic Bank of Asia
Bank of Singapore
Bank of India Singapore
ICICI Singapore Bank
RHB Singapore Bank
Indian Overseas Bank Singapore
CIMB Bank Singapore
Bangkok bank Singapore
© 2020 Banks in Singapore

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Time complexity for computing sum of first $n$ squares I'm trying to compute time complexity for computing sum of first $\mathbf{n}$ squares. Actually, this is a problem from the textbook (A course in number theory and cryptography).
The question is to compute time complexity for LHS and RHS of the formula:
$\sum_{j=1}^n j^2 = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}$
The answers from the textbook says $O(n{log}^2{n})$, but I found tighter bound for the algorithm as $O(log^2{n})$.
The reason is: We think of an algorithm as summing
$1 \times 1$,
$2 \times 2$,
...,
$n\times n$
(Total of $n$ steps)
On $j$-th step, the length is $O(log^2{j})$.
Summing $n$ terms,
$O(log^2{1})+O(log^2{2})+...+O(log^2{n})\leq C*O(log^2{n})$, where $C$ is a constant.
Therefore, I got $Time(LHS)=O(log^2{n})$.
Is this correct?
if I got wrong, could you tell me why?
thanks a lot :)

A: The problem is that your $C$ isn't a constant, it depends on $n$. The larger $n$ is, the more terms you have, and the sequence $\ln^2 n$ doesn't grow fast enough for the final few terms to dominate. This means that your $C$ must grow with $n$.


"Combined with the success of Windows 10, many more OEM partners are launching Surface clones at lower price points."
In search of higher margins and conquest sales from the PC market, tablet vendors 2-in-1 and Pro Slate devices have garnered higher revenue and stabilised average selling prices (ASPs).
That's according to the new Strategy Analytics findings, which credits Microsoft for popularising the 2-in-1 tablet category, prompting the launch of Surface clones from OEM partners.
Consequently, Microsoft and Apple combined to sell over a million of their Pro Slates last quarter, and most mobile-first/smartphone vendors now have Pro Slates (with optional keyboard) or 2-in-1 tablets (with detachable keyboard standard) to sate growing demand for these converged computing devices.
"Microsoft deserves credit for popularising the Pro Slate category, typified by a premium tablet with PC-grade processing power, with an optional keyboard to further add to revenues and profit," says Peter King, Service Director, Tablet and Touchscreen Strategies, Strategy Analytics.
"Combined with the success of Windows 10, many more OEM partners are launching Surface clones at lower price points to get a share of this lucrative, growing segment.
In addition, white Box vendors (combined) shipped 13.3 million tablets valued at nearly $750 million total in Q1 2016; by comparison, Microsoft's 1.1 million tablet shipments fetched $950 million due to higher quality products commanding much higher prices.
Apple alone took 39 percent of tablet revenues in Q1 2016, nearly double its shipment unit market share of 22 percent.
Meanwhile, Android tablets represented 64 percent of tablet shipments but earned only a 41 percent share of revenue during Q1 2016, reflecting lower ASPs than their Windows and iOS counterparts.
"As a device, the tablet is going through a period of recalibration as productivity becomes more important, enterprises purchase more touchscreen and mobile first devices for a new generation of workers, and consumers begin paring down ownership of multiple computing devices," adds Eric Smith, Senior Analyst, Tablet and Touchscreen Strategies, Strategy Analytics.


text:
Q: How to send data from the same port after listening in c++? When I do the following steps to receive a message and send a reply, it fails.
I am using TCP. I need the program to send data from the same port it received from.
bind()
listen()
accept()
recv()
connect()//it fails to connect here using the same socket.<br>
send()

A: It seems you have a problem in understanding the way tcp works. There is a server and a client. The server waits for connections, and the client makes connections. Once a connection is established, the server and the client can communicate bi-directional (i.e. both can send and recive messages). Of course, their role might change, but this is the way it works. So, the server does:
bind()
listen()
accept()
recv()
send()

It is stuck at accept() until a client performs connect() on the port that the server is listening to.
As my explanation is pretty brief, I suggest you read this tutorial about linux sockets.


Are you searching for Southwestern Sweater daily image? Now, you will be happy that at this time photo is obtainable at our online library. With our complete resources, you could find image or just found any kind of picture for your ideas everyday.
This ideas has been submitted by admin tagged in category field. And we believe it could be the most well-known vote in google vote or event in facebook share. We hope you like it as we do. Please distribute this Southwestern Sweater image to your friends, family through google plus, facebook, twitter, instagram or another social media site.


Do you honestly think the FSB, Spetsnaz etc wouldn't be there too?
Russia denied invading Crimea at first and denied it would annex it.
So to say because Russia denies it, it must be true has been proven by Putin himself as something one should take with a pinch of salt.
Its equally laughable to assert that Russia has had no military presence in Ukraine. Those poor soldiers who keep getting lost while on "holiday" and end up dying in battle deep inside Ukraine must have missed the map education classes.
And the rebels who never run out of ammo and have the latest series of T-72 tanks that Ukraine never had.
Good to see NBFTW is still working hard to earn his rubles.
Putinistas take this stuff very seriously. Friend of mine is half-Russian and his mom is the same. Shall not criticise the dear leader!
Also, they denied and lied about invading Crimea for how long before finally admitting it?
Counter terrorism police have launched an investigation into the 'unexplained' death of a Russian business partner of Boris Berezovsky, Vladimir Putin's arch enemy.
Nikolai Grushkov, 69, was found dead at his home in New Malden in south London on Monday evening.
Grushkov was the closest aide to Berezovsky who died in mysterious circumstances in 2013 at his home in Surrey.
they denied and lied about invading Crimea for how long before finally admitting it?
Oh the selective memories of the "muh Russia" brigade!
Why don't you be more specific and cite these alleged denials? Could it be that the only denial you'll find is one of masked troops in late Feb 2014 not being Russian? How long you ask? 10 days, by 1 March the Russian parliament openly discussed sending troops to "stabilize the situation", by 18 March Crimea was officially Russia.
Right, thank you for highlighting yet another anti-Russia campaign by the west. How many athletes were summarily suspended again? How many of those ended up actually doping?
So the whole Sochi sample tampering thing was just another example of poor, maligned Russia being unfairly victimized?
When accused of a crime, is the correct response for an innocent party to (a) do anything to assist in clearing their name (b) threaten the accuser? Guess which option Russia has gone with.
The Russian Foreign Ministry's spokeswoman has warned Britain against putting ultimatums to Russia, reminding the U.K. about its nuclear arsenal.
Maria Zakharova said in televised remarks Tuesday that "no one can come to parliament and say: 'I give Russia 24 hours,'" a reference to British Prime Minister Theresa May giving Russia a deadline to explain how a Russia-designed nerve agent could have been used to poison former spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter.
Russia has denied involvement and said it won't respond to a British ultimatum unless it gets samples of the nerve agent in line with rules of the international chemical weapons watchdog.
Zakharova said Britain mustn't try to scare Russia and pointed to Russian President Vladimir Putin's recent speech in which he presented a range of new nuclear weapons.
A bit silly, UK may be small but still has the nuclear capacity to wipe out every city in Russia.
Of course, Russia has never done anything wrong !
So your saying the intentionally let their military forces go to shambles but still kept their intelligence programs in place. Has any other countries that you can name have a ****ty military and fist class intelligence system in place?
And I want to remind you, Russia's for a period couldn't pay its service members, and by your own words it can be assumed they was to busy running black ops and couldn't afford to pay its military.
Smh....you can't make this schit up.
Disclaimer - I hate the Russian govt and it's anti gay laws.
Russia is not going to try to annex Crimea, Putin said.
Strange how avowed British "patriots" have been deathly silent over this event?
What should they say without any proof of what happened?
I would actually think it unpatriotic to want to go to war with Russia because they killed one of their own spies. Why would any patriotic Britain put his fellow countrymen's life in danger for that.
First it was the Alexander Litvinenko's polonium poisoning - now this - what next? As a patriot, you would ask, why the hell is a foreign power being allowed to get away with it.
Ya shame poor Russia always the victim its never their fault. The thing is Russia wants to be a world power but they are too low down the pecking order to be one. So the only way they can try and achieve it is by bringing everyone else down to their pathetic level.


Syndicated loans are an excellent financing instrument – together with the right partner. Trust us to be your lead bank. We coordinate your financing and act as central point of contact for all banks in the consortium.
We customise the financing structure and utilisation options of your syndicated loan. For example, we can use or combine individual term loans, revolving credit facilities and letters of guarantees. As all banks in the consortium are contractually bound you achieve a high degree of stability and financial certainty due to majority lenders decisions.


text:
è una serie anime prodotta dalla Sanrio nel 2005 in 26 episodi da 11 minuti. In Italia l'anime è stato distribuito dalla Dynit e trasmesso su Boomerang in 13 puntate da 22 minuti nel 2007. In seguito è andato in onda su Boing dal febbraio 2008.

Trama
Hello Kitty e i suoi amici vivono nuove avventure in un mondo fatto d'argilla. Tutti i personaggi dell'anime non parlano, ma si esprimono solamente a versi. Le loro azioni e gli avvenimenti sono commentati dalla voce narrante, che nell'edizione italiana è interpretata da Elisabetta Viviani.

Tecnica
L'anime è stato prodotto utilizzando la tecnica dello stop motion e con i personaggi plasmati nella plastilina.

Personaggi
Hello Kitty: famosa gattina, dolce e molto curiosa. Porta sempre un fiocco rosso sull'orecchio sinistro (a volte al posto del fioco rosso c'è un fiore). Abita vicino all'Albero Saggio.
My Melody: tenera coniglietta già protagonista dell'anime My Melody - Sogni di magia. Abita in una casa sul cui tetto c'è un pianoforte. Porta sempre un cappuccio rosso sulla testa.
PomPomPurin: labrador marroncino chiaro che indossa sempre un cappello marrone scuro. Sa guidare, e ama costruire oggetti utili per i suoi amici. Spesso nel cartone è definito "quintale" a causa della sua obesità!
Cinnamoroll: animaletto bianco (si pensa un coniglietto o un cagnolino) che sa volare grazie alle sue grandi orecchie. Gestisce una taverna, ed è sempre lui che cucina deliziosi manicaretti per tutti i suoi amici.
Badtz Maru: pinguino nero che arriva al villaggio Albero dopo qualche episodio. Soprannominato il Terribile perché è ricercato per furto, riesce comunque a diventare amico di Hello Kitty e degli altri. Vive in un ananas.
Keroppi: rana che compare solo nell'ultimo episodio; ha un laghetto magico nel quale pesca. All'inizio i rapporti tra lui e gli altri non sono buoni, ma poi Keroppi diventerà molto amico di Hello Kitty e dei suoi amici.
Lala e Kily: due fratelli che compaiono nell'episodio in cui Hello Kitty e gli altri viaggiano in mongolfiera. Vivono in un castello sulle nuvole ed hanno dei poteri magici.
Uccellaccio Cattivo: il loro antagonista della serie è un corvo molto cattivo, insolente e maleducato che cerca di rovinare le loro giornate.

Episodi

Note

Voci correlate
 Hello Kitty
 My Melody
 Sanrio

Collegamenti esterni

Hello Kitty

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Drivers traveling along SH-288 over the next three weeks may want to plan for some major closures. On August 13 the direct connector ramps, which take drivers from IH-610 eastbound to SH-288 northbound and IH-610 westbound to SH-288 southbound, were open to drivers.
Now, workers must take the old ramps down. In order to achieve that, some major closures will be happening. Workers will shut down both SH-288 and the 610 South Loop for three weekends. Here is a breakdown of the closures.
All lanes of SH-288 northbound and southbound will be closed from Holly Hall to IH-610.
The SH-288 northbound direct connector to IH-610 westbound will be closed.
All lanes of IH-610 eastbound and westbound will be closed from Scott Street to Almeda Road.
The SH-288 southbound connector ramp to IH-610 eastbound will be closed.
The closures will last three weekends starting on Friday, August 17 and run through September 24.
The closures starting Friday, August 17 will be in effect from 9 pm that day until Saturday at noon. Lanes will reopen to accommodate extra traffic around the Texans preseason game, then shut down again Sunday at midnight until Monday at 5 am.
The remaining weekend closures will begin on Fridays at 9 pm and end on Mondays at 5 am. Drivers can use Bellfort to avoid the 610 South Loop closures, and Almeda to avoid the SH-288 closures.
All dates are subject to chance, and construction can be postponed due to inclement weather.


text:
Empower 2000
Empowering Dreams
Dr. James W. Goll is the president of God Encounters Ministries and has traveled around the world sharing the love of Jesus, teaching and imparting the power of intercession, prophetic ministry, and life in the Spirit. He has recorded numerous classes with corresponding study guides and is the author of more than 45 books, including The Seer, The Lost Art of Intercession, The Coming Israel Awakening, and The Lifestyle of a Prophet.
Dr. Sandie Freed, founder of Sandie Freed Ministries, is an international speaker, ministry leader, and author, having written more than 13 books. Sandie and her husband Mickey Freed are the founders of Zion Ministries Training Center in Bedford, Texas, and Lifegate Church International. Sandie has traveled nationally and internationally to many nations teaching about dreams and visions and spiritual discernment.
Johnny and Elizabeth Enlow are social reformers at heart, as well as international speakers and authors of The Seven Mountain Prophecy, The Seven Mountain Mantle, Rainbow God, The Seven Mountain Renaissance, Becoming A Superhero, and God in Every Season.
As ones focused on the reformation of the 7 primary areas of culture, they are spiritual mentors to many in Media, Arts and Entertainment, Government, Family, Religion, Economy, and Education.
Their passion is to awaken our generation to the reality of the God of all of life, Who not only cares for our souls, but also has practical solutions to offer through His sons and daughters for every problem that exists in society.
Dr. Thom Gardner has ministered as a Bible teacher and pastor since 1986, and is now President of Grace and Truth Fellowship, Inc., a ministry dedicated to training and raising up healing teams throughout the body of Christ. Thom and his wife Carol travel internationally speaking and teaching on spiritual formation and intimacy with God. Thom has authored five books including Healing the Wounded Heart, Relentless Love, and My Healing Journey, Living the God-breathed Life, and Everything That Grows.
Dr. Cheryl-Ann Needham, is a speaker, author, and strategic advisor to leaders. She and her husband are cofounders of StewardNow!, a ministry that equips leaders in business and ministry around the world. Cheryl-Ann ministers on a variety of topics including preparing the Bride for Christ and rescuing those who don't yet know Him. She has 20 years international advisory experience to entrepreneurial, corporate, and ministry sectors. She provides prophetic/strategic counsel to entrepreneurial and ministry leadership teams entrusted with unique Kingdom Mandates.
Dr. Joseph Umidi, known as Dr. Dreamfire, is an educator and founder of an international coaching organization that trains people to rediscover their purpose and passion called Dreamfire. He is a father in the Christian coaching movement and through his organization, Lifeforming Leadership Coaching, he has trained more than 8,000 leadership coaches. Dr. Joseph Peck is one of those coaches. Among other things, Dr. Umidi serves as Vice President at Regent University.
Sue McMillin created her seminar/coaching business, With Time To Spare, in 1982 and now travels throughout the USA and Europe offering her services to corporations, hospitals, associations, manufacturing, government agencies, churches, Christian camps and individuals in developing strategies for organizing their work and life.Sue has written three books and has had articles published in Focus on the Family Pastor's and Brio Magazines, Spirit Led Woman, and the Godly Business Woman Magazine. She has also been featured in USAir, Changing Times, KY Living Magazines and the Washington Post Magazine.
Roger Gauthier, known as the Entrepreneurial Composer, is the Founder and CEO of TriVisionGlobal.com and creator of the EntrepreneursPitStop.com an online training and resource center to help individuals and entrepreneurs incubate their ideas and turn them into viable businesses. With more than 20+ start-ups under his belt, he has learned what it takes to develop build and launch a dream. Roger now teaches how to draw intimately close to CHRIST and bring the vision/dream GOD gives you to the marketplace through entrepreneurship, which is the key to manifesting any idea, dream and vision.
Susan M Austin MD is a Board Certified Psychiatrist who has spent the last 25+ years working intensively with individuals and groups in the realm of inner healing. She also has a background of being a Family Physician for many years. For the past several years she has been facilitating seminars, where people can move beyond their woundedness to become their authentic, radiant, best selfs. She provides creative exercises, practical tools and takeaway skills which assist people in the process of being authentic, finding healing, and becoming the joyful, creative and productive individuals that we were created to be. Dr. Susan is the author of Courage To Be Real and the creator of the Courage to Be Real coaching program.
Dr. Ron Jenson, known as America's Life Coach, reflecting his expertise in the area of personal leadership. He is an internationally known author, speaker, and interviewer of hundreds of top leaders in the areas of leadership, life success, and influence. Dr. Jenson spent eight years as President of a group of international graduate schools and is currently Chairman of Future Achievement International, a leadership development company specializing in Personal Leadership Effectiveness™ solutions for organizations and individuals. Dr. Jenson is also Founder of High/Ground, a not-for-profit organization focused on being a catalyst for personal leadership development worldwide.
Dr. Theresa Phillips is an ordained apostolic leader under Dr. Renny McLean, of Renny McLean Ministries. She is Senior Pastor and founder of Kingdom Global Impact Center, St Charles, IL. She has served there for 25 years. Her ministry spans 28 years seeing many signs and wonders. She has authored 22 books. Her Knowledge of GOD's Glory and His Ever Advancing Monarchy of Heaven is known by many. She is the editor and owner of GlobalPropheticVoice.com, an online publication of prophecy and prophetic glory.
Virginia Morton has lived in Culpeper for over 46 years. The former math teacher became fascinated with Culpeper's vast Civil War history and after several years of intense research, decided to tell Culpeper's story to the world. Against all odds and amidst skepticism from her family and friends, she wrote and published a historical novel, Marching Through Culpeper, to promote tourism and preservation of the county's three battlefields. Through prayer and with God's provision, her book has sold over 10,500 copies and garnered 52 five-star reviews on Amazon. In addition, she conducts Civil War Walking Tours of Downtown Culpeper that have been enjoyed by over 5,000 people. In 2012 a musical stage production of Marching Through Culpeper received standing ovations from over 2,000 people.
A frequent speaker at Civil War Round Tables, civic groups, libraries, Christian groups, and book clubs, Virginia's dynamic presentations give an overview of the war in Culpeper. She was a leader in "Pray Culpeper," and found that praying for community transformation with an ecumenical group changed her life. She has become and advocate for supporting Christian filmmakers and bringing Christian films and entertainment to Culpeper.
The Power of Webinars
You Become What You Think About
The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership
Empower 2000 © 2021. All Rights Reserved.


After throwing back a mojito in the dimly lit bar—where rows of liquor bottles are sleekly backlit in blue—and savoring authentic and affordable Latin American cuisine, you'll quickly get the feeling that you're not on Sutton Place anymore. Start your meal at Sofrito with an assortment of empanadas or a Puerto Rican-style gumbo, followed by a plate of arroz con pollo (chicken and rice), ropa vieja (shredded beef) or a heaping paella. Sofrito features live Latin music six days a week, with DJs spinning on Thursday, Friday and Saturday nights.


It feels like I was dreaming for the last 3 years, woke up as nothing happened, just having an amazing vivid dream. Poland looks great, the country is changing, we need 10-15 years to be in the first Euro league. Soon.
I am going to Warsaw tonight (Sat morning) up to Tuesday , then back to Gdansk for 2 days and going to Germany for couple of days. Did not buy a ticket to London yet but should be about 11Sept.
I might be in Polstat TVon Sunday 7.50 and Polskie Radio on Monday, will confirm deadline soon. Howgh!


1.1 We are committed to safeguarding the privacy of Weed World visitors and customers.
1.2 This policy applies where we are acting as a data controller with respect to the personal data from weedworld.co.uk visitors and service users; in other words, where we determine the purposes and means of the processing of that personal data.
2.2 We may process data about your use of our website weedworld.co.uk and services ("usage data"). The usage data may include your IP address, geographical location, browser type and version, operating system, referral source, length of visit, page views and website navigation paths, as well as information about the timing, frequency and pattern of your service use. The source of the usage data is for our analytics tracking system. This usage data may be processed for the purposes of analysing the use of weedworld.co.uk and services. The legal basis for this processing is our legitimate interests, namely for monitoring and improving our website and services.
2.3 We may process your account data ("account data"). The account data may include your name and email address. The account data may be processed for the purposes of operating our website, providing our product services, maintaining back-ups of our databases and communicating with you. The legal basis for this processing is for our legitimate interests, namely the proper administration of our website weedworld.co.uk and business.
2.4 We may process information relating to transactions, including purchases of goods and services, that you enter into with us and/or through our website weedworld.co.uk ("transaction data"). The transaction data may include your contact details, your card details and the transaction details. The transaction data may be processed for the purpose of supplying the purchased goods and services and keeping proper records of those transactions. The legal basis for this processing is the performance of a temporary contract between you and us and for taking steps, at your request, to enter into such a contract and our legitimate interests, namely weedworld.co.uk interest in the proper administration of our website and business.
2.5 We may process information that you provide to us for the purpose of subscribing to our email notifications and/or newsletters ("notification data"). The notification data may be processed for the purposes of sending you the relevant notifications and/or newsletters about weedworld.co.uk. The legal basis for this processing is consent via you signing up to our newsletter weedworld.co.uk.
4.2 The hosting facilities for our website are situated in London, UK. The European Commission has made an "adequacy decision" with respect to the data protection laws of this country. Appropriate safeguards, namely the use of standard data protection clauses adopted or approved by the European Commission, will protect transfers.
7.1 We may update this policy from time to time by publishing a new version on our website weedworld.co.uk.
8.3 You have the right to confirmation as to whether or not we process your personal data and, where we do, access to the personal data, together with certain additional information. That additional information includes details of the purposes of the processing, the categories of personal data concerned and the recipients of the personal data. Providing the rights and freedoms of others are not affected, we will supply to you a copy of your personal data. The first copy will be provided free of charge, but additional copies may be subject to a reasonable fee. You can access your personal data by visiting weedworld.co.uk when logged into our website.
10.1 Our website weedworld.co.uk and services are targeted at persons over the age of 18.


It's common for accident injuries to have delayed symptoms. Although you only now feel different, the injuries could still be extremely serious. Pay close attention to a few symptoms that could reveal a much bigger problem.
Back and neck pain are very frequent symptoms after a crash. These delicate areas of the body protect your central nervous system and support your major muscles. Pain can take a while to show up, but it might signal that you have internal damage.
The impact may have given you displaced vertebrae, a slipped disc or a pulled muscle. In serious cases, you could have difficulty walking or suffer permanent nerve damage.
These are signs of a possible concussion. A concussion is a brain injury that often results from whiplash in a crash. Normally, fluid protects your brain, but the force of a crash can slam your brain into a side of your head and essentially leave a bruise.
Depending on the severity and affected area, you may require medical examination and rest. Your doctor may restrict certain activities to give your brain a chance to heal.
Some accident survivors don't realize that although they discovered these injuries days after a crash, they are still connected to the incident. This fact is key because it can allow you to pursue compensation before settling insurance matters. Compensation can not only cover medical expenses to treat your injury, but it can also offer some recompense for the intense pain you had to endure.


Bumper to Bumper (Episode) – From SpongePedia, the biggest SpongeBob-wiki in the world!
Next Episode: Eek, an Urchin!
Bumper to Bumper is an episode from Season 9.
One fish is doing the boating course perfectly with Mrs. Puff, and then its SpongeBob's turn. Mrs. Puff gets very angry at SpongeBob after he fails the test again. Soon, Mrs. Puff realizes SpongeBob is afraid of the course and has him drive on an abandoned road where he passes his test and gets a license. Near the end, SpongeBob drives out of the road and freaks out. SpongeBob gets back on a road, but is on a highway and is he gripped with fear. And police had seen them and thought they were reckless drivers because Mrs. Puff crossed the county line which she shoudn't have done. At the end the police officer rips up SpongeBob's license. As Mrs. Puff goes to jail, she says she'll get SpongeBob.
The car is the same as Grandma SquarePants' car, but left hand drive.
This page was last modified on 22 May 2018, at 05:45.
This page has been accessed 9,072 times.


WCAG 2.0 and Section 508 Accessibility Compliance. For more details on W3C "Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0" see http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/... Guidelines and Standards We are working toward Double-A conformance against the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG 2.0).


Props go out to our fellow Detroiter, Aretha Franklin - The Queen of Soul. She has just been named the Greatest Singer of the Rock Era by Rolling Stone Magazine. The only other living musicians named in the top ten were Stevie Wonder and Bob Dylan. I think it is dope that she was recognized in this capacity, especially by Rolling Stone. The new issue of Rolling Stone hits stand tomorrow (11/14).
CONGRATS TO THE QUEEN OF SOUL!
"Rock On With Yo Bad Self"


In Office 2007, you can create ribbon extensions for application/document wide customization.
In Office 2003, you had things like the task pane, but it was document level.
System.IO.Packaging - good for working with 2007 docx files.
linqtoexcel - Use LINQ to retrieve data from spreadsheets. - Google Project Hosting - Use LINQ to retrieve data from spreadsheets.
Excel-DNA | Free and easy .NET for Excel - Excel-DNA - Home - Install-Package Excel-DNA Excel-DNA is an independent project to integrate .NET into Excel. With Excel-DNA you can make native (.xll) add-ins for Excel using C#, Visual Basic.NET or F#, providing high-performance user-defined functions (UDFs), custom ribbon interfaces and more. Your entire add-in can be packed into a single .xll file requiring no installation or registration.
spreadgit/excel-helpers - Minimalistic Excel-DNA demo.
spreadgit/XLfacebook - Add-In to retrieve Facebook analytics in Excel. Uses Excel-DNA and is written in C#.
xll add-in library | High performance add-ins for Excel - xll add-in library blog.
brymck/finansu - Live, streaming web import financial data.


Anne Dudley, Gary Langan, and Paul Morley were members of producer Trevor Horn's in-house studio band in the early '80s before they formed the Art of Noise, a techno-pop group whose music was an amalgam of studio gimmickry, tape splicing, and synthesized beats. The Art of Noise took material from a variety of sources: hip-hop, rock, jazz, R&B, traditional pop, found sounds, and noise all worked their way into the group's distinctly postmodern soundscapes.
It always seemed like Art of Noise was recording either pretentious electronic prog-rock or silly novelty tracks. They even had a special gift for doing both at the same time. However, they could, on occasion, assemble a track that was neither silly nor overbearing. The first, and finest, example of this practice was Close (To The Edit), from 1984's (Who's afraid of?) The Art of Noise!.
They (sure do!) like to use (paranthesis).
Close danced back and forth between way-too-happy funk and a disturbing darkness, while twisting sound snippits of cars starting, "la la la's" and a menacing "hey"--later reused in Prodigy's Firestarter--into a style of music that was strikingly futuristic and experimental while still being radio-ready. It would be another three years before another group, M/A/R/R/S, would dare to bring such a bold experiment (Pump Up The Volume) to commercial radio.
The video for Close was delightful and disturbing as well.
If "Rockit" raised the bar for the art of music videos, MTV's Experimental Video for 1985, Art of Noise's "Close (To the Edit)," set a new standard both conceptually and stylistically. The clip, directed by Polish avant-garde filmmaker Zbigniew Rybczynski, features long, single-edit shots of a little punk girl guiding three men in laying waste to musical instruments, such as demolishing a piano with a buzzsaw, a chainsaw and a power drill. Much of the footage is sped up and jittery, and the visuals are stark and industrial.
This creepy vibe lives on in clips such as Nine Inch Nails' "Closer" and Marilyn Manson's "The Beautiful People." The Prodigy have said that their video for "Firestarter" was influenced by "Close (To the Edit)," and Faith No More might have raised a glass to Rybczynski when they detonated a piano at the end of their video for "Epic."
Sadly, Art of Noise would seldom reach such heights again. The only notable moments come from their most recent--and final?--album, The Seduction of Claude Debussy which, while not lacking in AoN-brand pretension, manages to justify it under the guise of the album as a virtual museum of sorts.
Thank you. I now feel old.


Ranbir Kapoor's recent offering, the much hyped Ae Dil Hai Mushkil had reported excellent business in the opening week and still heading very smoothly on box office in the second week. Being highly promoted, it has been released with immense excitement of fans and as expected received overwhelmed response from audience across the country as well as overseas.
Due to brilliant performances of lead stars, touching story and youthful music, Ae Dil Hai Mushkil is being liked by everyone. Also it has received positive reviews from most of critics as well as moviegoers. These positive reactions have created favorable environment for it, which made it to rake higher business than the adjacent action thriller Shivaay.
With excellent occupancy through out and successfully cashed this festive season. The movie had registered the business of 80.19 crores in the opening week, that was included 35.60 crores of weekend and 44.59 crores in weekend due to holidays on Monday & Tuesday.
Now it has entered in second week and still has strong hold over audience. On its 2nd Friday, Ae Dil Hai Mushil has reported usual drop than Thursday and raked the business of 4.56 crores, which was surprisingly slightly lesser than Shivaay. Then on the next day i.e. Saturday, the movie showed decent rise in its business and added the amount of 5.85 crores to its account.
With this, 9 days total collection of Ae Dil Hai Mushkil has become 90.60 crores on domestic box office. The movie is positively expected to receive more higher response on its 2nd Sunday and come closer to the 100 crore mark by this weekend.


That's why the park crowds.
It's not hell freezes over, but Death Valley got a lake.
Except we're not in 'unsafe conditions' and need to make something questionable drinkable to survive, provided one is using potable water. So there's no need to have any exposure, or using chancy water and getting the chlorine and the resultant chloramines.
... It will be a nice change to only drive 100 miles on our arrival day.
... I put a few drops of bleach in my swampie each day just to keep it fresh. ... For me, not a f'n chance I'm putting bleach into the air I'll be breathing . yrmv - your choice... Use clean potable water. There are ways to manage cooler/cooler-ice to be able to use ice melt. Google eplaya on that.
I was going to answer that.
I think they would have look rather fetching camping in the forest wearing a rainbow-coloured tutu over their clothes to keep the four inch misquotes away.
Or where you promise not to take it to BRC, but do, and they show up and confiscicate it on the spot, toss your stuff out on the playa and you're out the whole fee, plus cleaning fees, plus service fees, plus the recovery fees.


Black And White Version Of Logan Confirmed | Nerd Much?
After a purely black and white trailer release titled "Sunseeker" for the upcoming film Logan (to be released March 3rd 2017) Fox has confirmed that the movie will have a full black and white version to accompany the colored one. When director James Mangold was asked by a fan on Twitter if "by all that is good in the world, please let there be a release of Logan that is black and white. I need that in my life." The director responded curtly with "workin' on it," officially confirming that there will be a black and white version.
Judging by the Sunseeker trailer, it possible to discern that there might be a point to this. The trailer is not the smoothness of a film noir film, or like what they did with Mad Max: Fury Road. This is very rough and grainy, more akin to a comic book style than the latter. If that means a more thoughtful and strategic use of color to mimic the comic book itself, like in Sin City, then perhaps this makes sense. The film is, after all, supposed to graduate away from the original material, as they were in full color. But if this were really the case, there wouldn't be a colored version at all and the film would be allowed to stand on its own without pandering to a specific audience.
That said, we're probably heading for another gimmick like 3D in theatres. So unpack your typewriter and pour a glass of whiskey, I want to hear your thoughts in the comments below.


text:
History of Maryland - 2
296 HISTORY OF MARYLAND.
these bills for a commodity sold, or offered for sale, or offering a commodity
for a less price in specie, or offering or demanding bills for specie at higher
rates than herein mentioned, was to forfeit to the State the value of the commodity so sold or offered for sale, or a sum equal to the bills so offered or
demanded."
This same legislature passed "an Act for quartering soldiers," by which
the quartermasters in the various districts upon receiving notice from the
commander of any detachment in the service of the United States, or any of
them, were to provide quarters. They were first to hire houses, and if these
were not sufficient, they were to take empty ones, and if these failed, the
troops were to be billeted on taverns according to their means of accommodation ; if these proved inadequate, they were to be quartered on such persons
who had not signed the association, or who were adjudged enemies, or were disaffected. The last recourse was to be had on good citizens. Where troops
did not receive rations, the owners of the houses were to furnish them at
certain rates, to be paid by the commanding officer. The owners of property
were to be paid the appraised value of the damages inflicted.
While the legislature was thus preparing for defence against the foreign
enemies of the State, they did not forget their equally dangerous domestic foes,
the tories, who still adhered to the parent country and sought to overthrow
the new government, or thwart the measures of the patriots.
The people of the Colonies, having withdrawn their allegiance from Great
Britain, transferred it, of course, to the colonies, now sovereign and independent, to which they respectively belonged, and which gave them the protection of government and laws. On the 24th of June, 1776, congress had
declared that " all persons abiding within any of the United Colonies, and
deriving protection from the laws of the same, owed allegiance to the said
laws, and were members of such colony." And that " all persons members
of, or owing allegiance to any of the United Colonies, who should levy war
against any of the said colonies within the same; or be adherents to the King
of Great Britain, or other enemies of the said colonies, or any of them, within
the same, giving to him or them aid or comfort, were guilty of treason against
such colony." And it was recommended to the legislatures of the several
colonies to pass laws for the punishment of persons who should be found
guilty of such treasons. To join the enemies of their country, or to give
them aid or comfort in the colonies in which they resided, and from which
they received protection, was justly deemed by the patriots such a violation
of duty as must subject them to the usual punishment in such cases. In
pursuance of this recommendation of congress, Maryland, as we have seen as
early as July 4th, 1776, passed a law to prevent the growth of toryism, and to
inflict the punishment of death on such as were found guilty of treason. This,
however, did not seem to deter some tories in Worcester and Somerset Counties
who broke out in February, 1777, in open insurrection. This section of the
Eastern Shore, from its geographical situation and the nature of its formation,
Title History of Maryland - 2
Creator Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas)
Publisher J. B. Piet
Place of Publication Baltimore
Transcript 296 HISTORY OF MARYLAND. these bills for a commodity sold, or offered for sale, or offering a commodity for a less price in specie, or offering or demanding bills for specie at higher rates than herein mentioned, was to forfeit to the State the value of the commodity so sold or offered for sale, or a sum equal to the bills so offered or demanded." This same legislature passed "an Act for quartering soldiers," by which the quartermasters in the various districts upon receiving notice from the commander of any detachment in the service of the United States, or any of them, were to provide quarters. They were first to hire houses, and if these were not sufficient, they were to take empty ones, and if these failed, the troops were to be billeted on taverns according to their means of accommodation ; if these proved inadequate, they were to be quartered on such persons who had not signed the association, or who were adjudged enemies, or were disaffected. The last recourse was to be had on good citizens. Where troops did not receive rations, the owners of the houses were to furnish them at certain rates, to be paid by the commanding officer. The owners of property were to be paid the appraised value of the damages inflicted. While the legislature was thus preparing for defence against the foreign enemies of the State, they did not forget their equally dangerous domestic foes, the tories, who still adhered to the parent country and sought to overthrow the new government, or thwart the measures of the patriots. The people of the Colonies, having withdrawn their allegiance from Great Britain, transferred it, of course, to the colonies, now sovereign and independent, to which they respectively belonged, and which gave them the protection of government and laws. On the 24th of June, 1776, congress had declared that " all persons abiding within any of the United Colonies, and deriving protection from the laws of the same, owed allegiance to the said laws, and were members of such colony." And that " all persons members of, or owing allegiance to any of the United Colonies, who should levy war against any of the said colonies within the same; or be adherents to the King of Great Britain, or other enemies of the said colonies, or any of them, within the same, giving to him or them aid or comfort, were guilty of treason against such colony." And it was recommended to the legislatures of the several colonies to pass laws for the punishment of persons who should be found guilty of such treasons. To join the enemies of their country, or to give them aid or comfort in the colonies in which they resided, and from which they received protection, was justly deemed by the patriots such a violation of duty as must subject them to the usual punishment in such cases. In pursuance of this recommendation of congress, Maryland, as we have seen as early as July 4th, 1776, passed a law to prevent the growth of toryism, and to inflict the punishment of death on such as were found guilty of treason. This, however, did not seem to deter some tories in Worcester and Somerset Counties who broke out in February, 1777, in open insurrection. This section of the Eastern Shore, from its geographical situation and the nature of its formation,


text:
A Schubertiade with Arpeggione
L'Amoroso & Guido Balestracci
Beethoven: Piano Sonatas Nos 23, "Appassionata", 24, 25 & 26, "Les Adieux"
Calvaire (an den Orgeln im Kaiserdom zu Speyer)
Christoph Keggenhoff
Dark Songs
Steinar Ytrehus
Händel: 12 Concerti grossi, Op. 6 Nos. 7-12
Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin & Bernhard Forck
J.S. Bach & C.P.E. Bach: Works
Orfeus Barock Stockholm, Johannes Rostamo, Luca Guglielmi
Let It All Out (Remastered)
Mahler: Symphony No. 8 (Live)
Philadelphia Orchestra & Yannick Nézet-Séguin
MMXX (Deluxe Edition)
Playing in the Sand, Riviera Maya, MX, 1/19/19 (Live)
Richard Strauss: Eine Alpensinfonie, Op. 64 / Tod und Verklärung, Op. 24
Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra & Vasily Petrenko
Russian Visions: 20th-Century Music for Cello & Piano
Bozidar Vukotic & Alissa Firsova
Surfing with the Alien (Remastered Deluxe Edition)
Audiophile Essentials
Listening Tips
Free Sampler
Ambient dub
Bluesy Rock
Classic Blues
Modern Composition
Contemporary Bluegrass
Traditional Bluegrass
Meditation Musik
Alternative Rap
Avantgarde Jazz
Alternativo & Rock Latino
Contemporary Latin
Hip Hop Soul
Blues-Rock
Moderner Rock
New Acoustic
Artist "Leroy Jodie Pierson"
Leroy Jodie Pierson
Label: Omnivore Recordings
Send I A Lion: A Nighthawk Reggae Joint
Biography Leroy Jodie Pierson
Born October 22, 1947- Leroy Pierson was introduced to music early in life by his father who played guitar and fiddle in western swing bands, Leroy took up guitar himself at the age of 13. He tells of family outings to jazz clubs where they would attend the shows of John Coltrane, Muddy Waters, Albert King and many other masters of their genres.
As A.J. Cabanellas wrote in an Artist Profile for the St Louis Post-Dispatch - "St. Louis is fortunate to have in its homebase an artist with as many talents as Leroy Pierson. Not only is he a gifted performer with special talents on guitar and vocals, but is also a noted scholar of early black music history, both blues and Carribean-based reggae music. If that wasn't enough, Leroy's skills as a record producer and radio announcer clearly point to a musical Renaissance man.
Leroy was first exposed to blues music on disc jockey Gabriel's show on KATZ in the mid 1950's. At the time Leroy just thought the sounds he heard were pop music, but in retrospect he thinks they served as an early grounding in good taste. The early to mid sixties saw reissues of pre-war blues marketed on albums and Leroy bought them all as they were released. While at college in Beloit, Wisconsin, he gained skills in producing blues shows and festivals. He also spent time in the deep south interviewing and performing informally with many of the blues legends who helped to shape the identity that Leroy has attained. Some performers he interviewed and/or produced shows for include Mississippi Fred McDowell, Son House, Arther Crudup, Johnny Shines, Robert Jr. Lockwood, and of course Henry Townsend."
Leroy also has the distinction of producing the first all blues festivals in Beloit. It was at one of the early Beloit shows that Leroy made his first public performance, when Son House brought him out on stage.
Leroy moved back to St. Louis in 1970, taught some blues classes at Washington University, and help form the Missouri Friends of the Folk Arts. That year he wrote the liner notes to the Vanguard double-LP "The Great Blues Men" along with many other albums and anthologies. In 1974 he compiled, annotated and produced the now rare double-LP "Take a Little Walk With Me" on his own Boogie Disease label. Following the sucess of this album, he founded Nighthawk Records, an internationally renown blues reissue label.
In 1979 Nighthawk Records began a project in Kingston, Jamaica aimed at developing a reggae series and Leroy soley undertook the task of annotation, programming and material selection and eventually producing new music in the Kingston studios. Such widely acclaimed albums as the "Wiser Dread" and "Knotty Vision" anthologies, the extraordinary "Calling Rastafari" anthology and albums from such reggae greats as the Itals, the Gladiators, Justin Hinds and the Dominoes and reggae-legends the Ethiopian and Junior Byles.
Leroy's association with radio started in 1974 with a program called "The Missouri Tradition" on KWMU. This show changed to "The Baby Face Leroy Blues Hour" and "Beat Down Babylon"- the first reggae show on an NPR affiliate station!
The Leroy Pierson Band was requested by the U. S. Information Agency to do a one month tour of Jamaica with Rockin' Doopsie and the Twisters in 1985 including the Jamaican Jam-Fest and the World Music Festival, sharing the stage with Yellowman, Lionel Hampton, the Mighty Diamonds and other fine entertainers. In 1987 the USIA once again featured the Leroy Pierson Band on a tour of Africa and the Middle-East for five weeks performing concerts in such exotic locales as Iraq, Yemen, United Arab Emerites, Oman, Bahrain, Sudan and Quatar.
In 1988 Leroy released his own album "Rusty Nail" with Russell Horneyer playing bass and award winning fiddler/violin maker Geoffrey Sietz on drums and fiddle. The record has recieved extensive air-play on blues programs around the country and interest continues to build. Leroy and his new band have recently finished a second album to be released shortly!
The Complete Wailers 1967-1972 compiles a period from the Wailers careers that had really been overlooked up until now. Finally though, people can experience who Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, and Bunny Wailer really were: excellent singers, song writers and musicians, from a period that is arguably the most creative of their careers. The set features 10 CDs released on the JAD Records label, and is broken up into 4 parts, each containing rare and previously unreleased gems from the Wailers. The sets also features extensive liner notes done by reggae authorities Roger Steffens, Leroy Jodie Pierson, Bruno Blum and Jeremy Collingwood.
Leroy's writings for liner notes appear on numerous reggae albums, including the Peter Tosh boxset, "Honorary Citiizen", the above-mentioned Complete Wailers 10-cd set, among countless others. He is also co-writing the long-awaited and much anticipated Bunny Wailer biography called "Old Fire Sticks", along with Roger Steffens, to be released soon!
This is HRA (brochure)
Gutscheine im Handel
VoucherCard Top-Up
Help - Download
FAQ - Download
Streaming App
Help - Streaming
FAQ - Streaming
Audiosystems
© 2010-2020 HIGHRESAUDIO


text:
package io.lumify.web.devTools;

import io.lumify.miniweb.HandlerChain;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import io.lumify.core.config.Configuration;
import io.lumify.core.model.user.UserRepository;
import io.lumify.core.model.workQueue.WorkQueueRepository;
import io.lumify.core.model.workspace.WorkspaceRepository;
import io.lumify.core.util.LumifyLogger;
import io.lumify.core.util.LumifyLoggerFactory;
import io.lumify.web.BaseRequestHandler;
import org.securegraph.Authorizations;
import org.securegraph.Edge;
import org.securegraph.Graph;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class QueueEdges extends BaseRequestHandler {
    private static final LumifyLogger LOGGER = LumifyLoggerFactory.getLogger(QueueEdges.class);
    private final Graph graph;
    private final WorkQueueRepository workQueueRepository;

    @Inject
    public QueueEdges(
            UserRepository userRepository,
            WorkspaceRepository workspaceRepository,
            Configuration configuration,
            Graph graph,
            WorkQueueRepository workQueueRepository) {
        super(userRepository, workspaceRepository, configuration);
        this.graph = graph;
        this.workQueueRepository = workQueueRepository;
    }

    @Override
    public void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HandlerChain chain) throws Exception {
        final Authorizations authorizations = getUserRepository().getAuthorizations(getUserRepository().getSystemUser());

        Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                LOGGER.info("requeue all edges");
                Iterable<Edge> edges = graph.getEdges(authorizations);
                for (Edge edge : edges) {
                    workQueueRepository.pushElement(edge);
                }
                workQueueRepository.flush();
                LOGGER.info("requeue all edges complete");
            }
        });
        t.setName("requeue-edges");
        t.start();

        respondWithHtml(response, "Started requeue thread");
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Bright lights, carousel music and infinite fun. Step right up to Coney Island, NYC's original amusement park, for a magical blend of burnt sugar and fig that inspires clowning around. Our Triple-Scented Candles are handmade in Australia, using the highest quality non-toxic wax and natural lead-free cotton wicks.
Fragrance Description Top: Cinnamon Bark, Glory Vine, Apple Guava. Middle: Fig, Damask Rose, Osmanthus Flora. Base: Sandalwood, Green Amber, Jasmine Tea. Fragrance Family Oriental Tips To get the most out of your candles burn them for 1-4 hours at a time. Our reusable jars are perfect for storing cotton buds or spices.


text:
<?php

require 'src/SlidesCreateBulletedText.php';

class SlidesCreateBulletedTextTest extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
{

    public function testCreateBulletedTextText()
    {
        $slideId = '1u_-382trVO_O_gsn-klkYZMXkEXtJ8YbbODH-IPoSoE';
        $textBoxId = 'MyTextBox_01';
        $presentation = createBulletedText($slideId, $textBoxId);
        $id = $presentation->presentationId;
        $this->assertNotNull($id, 'Missing presentation ID.');

    }
}


Former world champion Valentino Rossi enjoyed a rare successful day on his under-performing Ducati when he clocked the third fastest time in rain-lashed practice for Sunday's Spanish Grand Prix.
Reigning world champion Casey Stoner of Australia was fifth fastest on his Honda with Spain's Jorge Lorenzo, the Yamaha rider who won the first race of the season in Qatar, in fourth spot.
4. Jorge Lorenzo (ESP/Yamaha) 3.199.


work and reporting! Keep up the great works guys I've added you guys to my blogroll.
Greetings! I've been reading your blog for some time now and finally got the bravery to go ahead and give you a shout out from Porter Texas! Just wanted to mention keep up the great job!
It's very straightforward to find out any matter on net as compared to books, as I found this post at this site.
a formidable activity and our entire neighborhood will likely be grateful to you.
constantly i used to read smaller articles which also clear their motive, and that is also happening with this article which I am reading at this place.
wound up here "BREAKING NEWS: Shaq Jumps Over an Escalade".
may anybody get that type of info in such an ideal means of writing?
It's not my first time to go to see this website, i am browsing this website dailly and obtain fastidious information from here every day.
off the screen in Chrome. I'm not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with internet browser compatibility but I thought I'd post to let you know.
you using for this website? I'm getting tired of Wordpress because I've had problems with hackers and I'm looking at options for another platform. I would be fantastic if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.
Link exchange is nothing else however it is simply placing the other person's web site link on your page at appropriate place and other person will also do similar in favor of you.
here at net, except I know I am getting knowledge everyday by reading thes fastidious articles or reviews.
I was recommended this blog by means of my cousin. I'm no longer certain whether or not this post is written via him as nobody else recognize such distinct about my trouble. You are incredible! Thank you!
post. I'll be coming back to your web site for more soon.
to tell the truth on the other hand I'll surely come back again.


text:
Q: How do I handle classes that reference each other? Here's the code:
class B
{
    A a;
};

class A
{
    B b;
};

int main()
{
    return 0;
}

Here's the error:
1>c:\mine\visual studio 2010 projects\myproj\compiled equivalent.cpp(7):
  error C2079: 'B::a' uses undefined class 'A'

A: You can't. Two classes cannot contain each other as members. Consider answering the question "What is the size of the type A?" Well A contains a B, so what is the size of B? Well B contains an A, so what is the size of A? Oh dear, we have an infinite loop. How would we possibly store this object in finite memory?
Perhaps a more appropriate structure would be to have one of the classes contain a pointer to the other type. The type that is pointed to can simply be forward declared before the pointer member is declared:
class A; // A is only declared here, so it is an incomplete type

class B
{
    A* a; // Here it is okay for A to be an incomplete type
};

class A
{
    B b;
};

Now the type B doesn't contain an A, it just contains a pointer to an A. There doesn't even have to be an A object for it to point to, so we've broken the infinite cycle.

A: Considering you ask for references between the classes, probably you come from Java, C# or similar background where one can only put references to objects inside other objects.
In C++ there is no such restriction: you are allowed to have one object's content completely nested inside another one. But for this to work you must provide the definition of the nested object beforehand. C++ needs this definition in order to compute the size and layout of the outer object. In order to escape from this nesting you need to place not the object itself but a pointer or reference to it inside the outer object.
That being said,
// C#
class A
{
  int x;
  B b;
}
class B
{
  int y;
  A a;
}

becomes
// C++
class B; // tell the compiler that B is a class name
class A
{
  int x;
  B *pb; // the forward declaration above allows you to declare pointer to B here
};
class B
{
  int y;
  A *pa;
};

if you decide to use the pointer syntax.
What this allows is to have things like:
// C++ again
class C
{
  A a;
  B b;
  A *pa2;
};

which has memory layout in the form of:
C:
a.xa.pb
b.yb.pa
pa2

which is not possible in Java/C#.


text:
"""
Documents
"""

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import time
import threading

from . import sys_info
from . import i18n

if sys_info.get_python_version() < 3:
    import Queue as queue
else:
    import queue

class MessageQueue(object):
    def __init__(self, console=None):
        self.i18n = i18n.I18N()
        self.queue = queue.Queue(0)
        self.is_alive = False
        self.console = console

    def put(self, text, *args):
        text = self.i18n.translate(text, *args)
        if text.endswith('\\n'):
            text = text[:-2] + '\n'
        self.queue.put(text)

    def start_print(self, one_time=False):
        if not self.is_alive:
            self.is_alive = True
            thread = threading.Thread(
                target=lambda: self.print_screen(one_time))
            thread.start()

    def print_screen(self, one_time=False):
        if one_time:
            self.print_once()
        else:
            while self.is_alive:
                self.print_once()
                time.sleep(0.01)

    def print_once(self):
        while not self.queue.empty():
            text = self.queue.get()
            if self.console:
                self.console.print_screen(text)
            else:
                print(text)
            time.sleep(0.01)

    def stop_print(self):
        while(not self.queue.empty()):
            time.sleep(2)
        self.is_alive = False