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Identifying radical content online: Ryan Scrivens
I only wish we could use some of these analytical tools to better understand overall integration and the role that social networks play in either increasing integration or allowing individuals and groups to remain within their own community or group?
Violent extremists and those who subscribe to radical beliefs have left their digital footprints online since the inception of the World Wide Web. Notable examples include Anders Breivik, the Norwegian far-right terrorist convicted of killing 77 people in 2011, who was a registered member of a white supremacy web forum and had ties to a far-right wing social media site; Dylann Roof, the 21-year-old who murdered nine Black parishioners in Charleston, South Carolina, in 2015, and who allegedly posted messages on a white power website; and Aaron Driver, the Canadian suspected of planning a terrorist attack in 2016, who showed outright support for the so-called Islamic State on several social media platforms.
It should come as little surprise that, in an increasingly digital world, identifying signs of extremism online sits at the top of the priority list for counter-extremist agencies. Within this context, researchers have argued that successfully identifying radical content online, on a large scale, is the first step in reacting to it. Yet in the last 10 years alone, it is estimated that the number of individuals with access to the Internet has increased threefold, from over 1 billion users in 2005 to more than 3.8 billion as of 2018. With all of these new users, more information has been generated, leading to a flood of data.
It is becoming increasingly difficult, nearly impossible really, to manually search for violent extremists, potentially violent extremists or even users who post radical content online because the Internet contains an overwhelming amount of information. These new conditions have necessitated the creation of guided data filtering methods, which may replace the laborious manual methods that traditionally have been used to identify relevant information.
Governments in Canada and around the globe have engaged researchers to develop advanced information technologies, machine-learning algorithms and risk-assessment tools to identify and counter extremism through the collection and analysis of big data available online. Whether this work involves finding radical users of interest, measuring digital pathways of radicalization or detecting virtual indicators that may prevent future terrorist attacks, the urgent need to pinpoint radical content online is one of the most significant policy challenges faced by law enforcement agencies and security officials worldwide.
We have been part of this growing field of research at the International CyberCrime Research Centre, hosted at Simon Fraser University's School of Criminology. Our work has ranged from identifying radical authors in online discussion forums to understanding terrorist organizations' online recruitment efforts on various online platforms. These experiences have provided us with insights we can offer regarding the policy implications of conducting large-scale data analyses of extremist content online.
First, there is much that practitioners and policy-makers can learn about extremist movements by studying their online activities. Online discussion forums of the radical right or social media accounts of radical Islamists, for example, are rich with information about how members of a particular movement communicate, how they construct their radical identities, and who they are targeting — discussions, behaviours and actions that can spill over into the offline realm. Exploring the dark corners of the Internet can be helpful in understanding or perhaps even predicting trends in activity or behaviour before they happen in the offline world. If, for example, analysts can track an author's online activity or identify an online trend that is becoming more radical over time, analysts may be in a better position to assist law enforcement officials and the intelligence community. At the same time, it is important to note that online behaviour often does not translate into offline behaviour; authorities must proceed with caution to ascertain the specific nature of an instance of online activity and the potential threat it poses.
Second, practitioners and policy-makers can gain valuable information about extremist movements by utilizing computational tools to study radical online activities. Our research suggests that it is possible to identify radical topics, authors or even behaviours in online spaces that contain an overwhelming amount of information. Signs of extremism can be found by drawing upon keyword-retrieval software that identifies and counts a specific set of words, or sentiment analysis programs that classify and categorize opinions in a piece of text. Large-scale, semi-automated analyses can provide practitioners and policy-makers with a macro-level understanding of extremist movements online, ranging from their radical ideology to their actual activities. This understanding, in turn, can assist in the development of counter-narratives or deradicalization and disengagement programs to counter violent extremism.
We must caution practitioners and policy-makers that our work suggests there is no simple typology or behaviour that best describes radical online activity or what constitutes radical content online. Instead, extremism comes in many shapes and sizes and varies with the online platform: some radical platforms, for example, promote blatant forms of extremism while other platforms encourage their subscribers to tone down the rhetoric and present their extremist views in a subtler manner. Nonetheless, a useful starting point in identifying signs of extremism online is to go directly to the source: identifying topics of discussion that are indeed radical at the core — with language that describes the "enemies" of the extreme right, for example, such as derogatory terms about Jews, Blacks, Muslims or LGBTQ communities.
Lastly, in order to gain a broader understanding of online extremism or to improve the means by which researchers and practitioners "search for a needle in a haystack," social scientists and computer scientists should collaborate with one another. Historically, large-scale data analyses have been conducted by computer scientists and technical experts, which can be problematic in the field of terrorism and extremism research. These experts tend to take a high-level methodological perspective, measuring levels of — or propensity toward — radicalization or ways of identifying violent extremists or predicting the next terrorist attack. But searching for radical material online without a fundamental understanding of the radicalization process or how extremists and terrorists use the Internet can be counterproductive. Social scientists, on the other hand, may be well-versed in terrorism and extremism research, but most tend to be ill-equipped to manage big data — from collecting to formatting to archiving large volumes of information. Bridging the computer science and social science approaches to build on the strengths of each discipline offers perhaps the best chance to construct a useful framework for assisting authorities in addressing the threat of violent extremism as it evolves in the online milieu.
via Identifying radical content online
Filed under Radicalization Tagged with big data, Ryan Scrivens, social media
Trump may have emboldened hate in Canada, but it was already here: Ryan Scrivens
Good overview by Scrivens:
A key turning point, in fact, was during the latter months of 2015. Two important events created a perfect storm for the movement.
First was Justin Trudeau's pledge, as part of the Liberal party's election platform, to welcome 25,000 Syrian refugees to Canada by the end of 2015. The second was the terrorist attack on concert-goers in Paris, inspired by the so-called "Islamic State," on Nov. 13, 2015.
Each of these events were distinct in nature, yet Canada's radical right wing treated them as interconnected, arguing that Canada's newly elected prime minister was not only allowing Muslims into the country who would impose Sharia law on Canadian citizens, but that they too could be "radical Islamic terrorists."
It all sparked a flurry of anti-Muslim discourse in Canada.
The day after the Paris attack, a mosque in Peterborough, Ont., was deliberately set ablaze, causing significant damage to the interior of the building.
The next day, a Muslim woman picking up her children from a Toronto school was robbed and her hijab torn off. The perpetrators called her a "terrorist" and told her to "go back to your country."
Days later, an anti-Muslim video was posted on YouTube in which a man from Montreal, wearing a Joker mask and wielding a firearm, threatened to kill one Muslim or Arab each week.
Similar events continued to unfold in 2016 — all, of course, well before Trump's election victory. A school in Calgary, for example, was spray-painted with hate messages against Syrians and Trudeau: "Syrians go home and die" and "Kill the traitor Trudeau."
Edmonton residents were also faced with a series of anti-Islamic flyer campaigns, hateful messages were spray-painted on a Muslim elementary school in Ottawa and man in Abbotsford, B.C. went on a racist tirade and was caught on video.
Canadian chapters of Soldiers of Odin first made their presence known in the early part of 2016 by patrolling communities and "protecting" Canadians from the threat of Islam, and the Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamization of the West (PEGIDA), an anti-Islam group who first appeared in Canada in 2015, continued to rally in Montreal and Toronto in 2016.
And so it would be impulsive and short-sighted for us to attribute our spike in hatred solely to Trump and his divisive politics.
Instead, the instances listed above serve as an important reminder that prior to Trump's election victory Canada was experiencing a rise in hatred.
In responding to hatred in Canada, we must first acknowledge that it exists in Canada, and it becomes ever more present during times of social and economic uncertainty. We must also acknowledge that the foundations of hatred are complex and multi-faceted, grounded in both individual and social conditions.
So too, then, must counter-extremist initiatives be multi-dimensional, building on the strengths and expertise of diverse sectors, including but not limited to community organizations, police officers, policy-makers and the media. Multi-agency efforts are needed to coordinate the acknowledgement and response to right-wing extremism in Canada.
I see signs of us moving in the right direction in building resilience against hatred in Canada. But in the months and years ahead, there's still much to do.
via Trump may have emboldened hate in Canada, but it was already here
Filed under Multiculturalism Tagged with alt-right, far right, Hate, Ryan Scrivens
Acknowledging that Canada's hate groups exist
Good assessment and commentary on Canada's right-wing hate groups by Amarnath Amarasingam and Ryan Scrivens:
The results of a three-year national study published last year — involving interviews with Canadian law enforcement officials, community activists and current and former right-wing adherents, triangulated with analyses of open source intelligence — suggested that the foundations of hatred are complex and multifaceted, grounded in both individual and social conditions that strengthen and weaken the movement. Understanding these conditions, from a policy perspective, will provide us with a starting point to counter right-wing extremism in Canada.
Some of the factors that strengthen the hate movement include: Canada's history of racism; a political climate of intolerance that arises from time to time (for example, during Quebec's Charter of Values debate); media (mis)representations of particular minority groups (for example, Muslims depicted as terrorists after 9/11); and a weak law enforcement response to hate groups. In many respects, it is Canada's national political and social climate that enables bigotry and hatred to exist in the country, a climate that provides right-wing extremists with a backdrop against which they can recruit new members and spread their radical beliefs.
On the other hand, factors that weaken or destabilize this already unstable movement include a general lack of ideological commitment in hate groups and infighting and transiency within them, as well as strong and visible law enforcement response in certain localities, resilient communities and the presence of an antiracist movement. In other words, hate groups in Canada are generally unorganized and lack the ability to strategize and sustain themselves, and law enforcement officials who put pressure on these groups are generally successful at dismantling them. This is particularly the case when antiracist movements and communities work closely with law enforcement and share intelligence on hate groups or their adherents.
It is difficult to know exactly what the policy response in Canada should be to right-wing extremism, but, in general terms, we need to acknowledge that hate groups do exist in Canada and that they do pose a threat to the safety and security of our communities. Coming to terms with this is a first step in developing policy initiatives to resist the radical right. Discussions about counterterrorism or counterextremism policy cannot focus solely on jihadism. The Trump administration has rightly come under criticism for its decision to cut federal funding for organizations that are fighting right-wing violence, such as Life After Hate.
Second, we must directly exploit the strengths and weaknesses that are inherent in hate groups and their environments in order to disrupt their growth and sustainability, through an approach that includes individuals from different sectors of society. In other words, policy initiatives must include the voices of key stakeholders who have unique insight into right-wing extremism, including law enforcement officials, community activists and former right-wing extremists.
Information about Canadian hate groups is fragmented. Law enforcement officials, for example, may have one important piece of information about a particular hate group while community activists or former extremists may have another. Policy initiatives must bring these stakeholders together to develop effective responses to the threat from the radical right in Canada. We mustn't look at the violence in Europe and the United States and complacently conclude that we are somehow immune. We are not.
Source: Acknowledging that Canada's hate groups exist
Filed under Multiculturalism Tagged with Amarnath Amarasingam, hate groups, IRPP, Ryan Scrivens
How we can build resilience against hatred in Canada
Good thoughtful advice (if Vancouver was the positive example of challenging hatred, Quebec city was the negative one given the violence of left-wing activists):
Some of Canada's most urban centres were flooded with protesters Saturday and Sunday, from what President Trump would describe as "both sides" – those who were promoting racist, anti-immigration sentiment, and those who were opposing such hateful and intolerant rhetoric.
In Vancouver, for example, thousands of anti-racism supporters showed up Saturday to counter a rally that was planned by anti-immigrant demonstrators, essentially thwarting all efforts that were made by those who were promoting intolerance.
Protests were spawned from the disturbing events that unfolded in Charlottesville, Va. the previous weekend, where a so-called Unite the Right rally quickly turned violent when white-power demonstrators clashed with counter-demonstrators. Dozens of protesters were injured, and three people died, including 32-year-old Heather Heyer, when a vehicle was intentionally driven into a group of anti-racist counter-demonstrators.
Canadians watched in dismay as the hate-inspired violence unfolded south of the border, perhaps naïve to assume that such divisive ideologies do not – and cannot – exist in our multicultural nation. The truth of the matter is that Canada is not immune to violence inspired by bigotry and hatred.
In 2015, Professor Barbara Perry and I conducted a three-year study for Public Safety Canada on the state of the right-wing extremist movement in Canada, interviewing law-enforcement officials, community activists, and current and former right-wing extremists across the country, paired with open-source intelligence. Results from our research was shocking to many Canadians.
In short, we found that Canada's right-wing extremist movement was alive and well: we identified over 100 active groups and well over 100 incidents of right-wing extremist violence over the last 30 years in the country. We also uncovered that the threat of the extreme right had been overlooked and even trivialized by a number of key stakeholders, thus hindering their ability to effectively respond to the radical right in Canada.
In turn, we proposed evidence-based strategies that we saw as effective in responding to right-wing extremism in Canada, suggesting that a multi-sectoral approach was needed to address hate and ensure that extremists have minimal impact on communities. This included the integration and utilization of an array of experts, such as police officers, policy makers, victim service providers, community organizations and the media.
In the two years since our Public Safety report was released, I've been watching very closely as hate-inspired events have unfolded across Canada and how key stakeholders have responded to such events. I've noticed that some of our key recommendations are being put to practice – the counter-demonstration in Vancouver is but one example. This is an encouraging sign.
We are seeing community groups ban together to spread messages of tolerance, and local, provincial and federal politicians are taking a public stance against hatred, making it clear that such sentiment does not represent Canadian beliefs and will not be tolerated. Reporters and journalists have also dedicated an increasing amount of time and energy to shed light on right-wing extremism in Canada, highlighting its complexities and prevalence. Stakeholders are now including their voices in the discussions about how we can build resiliency against hatred, which starts by raising awareness of the problem and mobilizing the public.
Some, though, are calling for the outright filtering of those who subscribe to extreme-right beliefs. Do not let them have an outlet for their negative views, the argument goes. This would mean not allowing them to hold a rally or have a website. This approach is counteractive, and perhaps irresponsible. This is a Band-aid solution – the views will still be there, and will only get stronger, solidifying radical right-wing ideologies. Right-wing extremists generally believe that the mainstream media and the broader public are systematically attempting to suppress their radical views, so prohibiting them from expressing their views will further reinforce their hateful beliefs.
We must not stay home when hatemongers are protesting in the streets. Adherents should never be able to promote hatred. At the same time, we cannot assume that silencing them is the solution.
Instead, Canadians must continue to attend their demonstrations, challenge ideas and not people specifically, and in a peaceful manner – like we saw in Vancouver this past weekend. Stand up against racism, xenophobia and bigotry by challenging adherents' views, but do not engage with them. Most are easy to provoke, and most want to be provoked. Don't give them the satisfaction.
Source: How we can build resilience against hatred in Canada – The Globe and Mail
Filed under Hate crimes, Multiculturalism Tagged with alt-right, far right, right wing extremism, Ryan Scrivens


I have been having a problem when playing FSX, the ground textures do not load meaning that I can not enjoy flying as I am flying with only houses, trees and water loading. I have tried reinstalling FSX (SP2) but this has not helped the situation.
If anybody has any thoughts on how I can repair this please help.
Please post all of your system specs.
Semi-competent FSX user with missing textures!


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Liverpool Vs Manchester United
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Between Champions, Showcasing the Rockwood Cup
by David Orr | Aug 27, 2015
On Sunday, it was a privilege to see The Sapphire's work share the Center Court in Cincinnati, OH for the Western & Southern Open Finals with Roger Federer, Novak Djokovic, Serena Williams and Simona Halep. As these four champions battled for the honor of lifting the coveted Rookwood Cup, it was staged between them in a custom-built, mahogany trophy case I had the opportunity to design and build. It was a great pleasure to create a piece to house and display the beautiful, handcrafted trophy for this prestigious tournament. The Sapphire Design & Fabrication team and I put the same dedication and handcrafted artistry into our work that the Rookwood artists put into making the trophy and that the players put into their work on the court. Creativity and precision become perfection. Tennis and theater have more in common than you might think. An empty space transformed or staged with the right ideas. Players who know the lines, but also know there is infinite possibility with those lines. And, an audience who give their energy to experiencing what unfolds.
Sapphire Theatre fabricated the display case for the Rockwood Cup
My first project with the Western & Southern Open was in 2013 when I was asked by Design Mill to collaborate on renovating their Tennis Museum. The Western & Southern Open is the nation's oldest professional tennis tournament played in its city of origin, and Design Mill has been creating all the graphics for the tournament for years. David Mill, owner and lead designer at Design Mill, was reimagining their Tennis Museum to proudly display the history and showcase the current talent. It was great to work with David to build custom exhibit cases that suited the importance of the artifacts and optimized the intimate space.
So, congratulations to Roger and Serena for winning back to back titles in Cincinnati. But my appreciation for this opportunity is not only about sharing the stage with them, it's about working along with the great staff and the hundreds of volunteers that make this event possible. From athletes to staff to volunteers, the dedicated people I've encountered at the Western & Southern Open work together with integrity, professionalism, respect and a sense of humor. So congratulations to Elaine Bruening, Dick Clark, David Mill and the all of amazing volunteers.
Thanks. It's a great honor to be part of the team!


You've made the commitment to inbound marketing and are ready to start the planning process. Congrats!
Now comes the real grind. You're probably asking yourself, "Which inbound marketing tactics should I prioritize?" and "How can I best achieve my business goals?" Fortunately, inbound thrives on imperfections: through real-time metrics, it's possible to make constant adjustments to content, lead nurturing tactics, budget and internal/external expectations.
With this in mind, we'll take the planning process one step at a time, identifying 10 different must-haves in your inbound marketing plan, regardless of your company's size or structure.
What should be included in your inbound marketing plan?
When first approaching your inbound marketing plan, it's essential to think about goals on a macro-level. These are organizational goals outlined by leadership, such as increasing overall Q1 revenue vs. the previous year or increasing sales in one of your target markets. Once these macro-level business goals have been communicated with your sales and marketing teams, both teams along with leadership should set SMART goals.
For example, an industrial machinery manufacturing company that wants to increase sales to the agricultural market might set a Q1 goal to increase sales by 15% in the agricultural market vs. the previous year — it is specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and timely (SMART).
At this point in the outlined scenario, it is imperative the manufacturer assess growth opportunities with their current agricultural customers as well as determine the number of new customers necessary to reach the 15% Q1 goal. Applying the same logic to your inbound marketing strategy evidences how assessing the current customer situation and looking ahead to potential opportunities helps identify objectives needed to reach the goal, and ensures Marketing and Sales are on the same page.
Analyzing the results of your inbound efforts through key performance indicators (KPIs) is the final step in setting yourself up for success. How many leads has your company generated within a given quarter or other specific time frame? What percentage of the leads are in the target market? How far have they advanced through the sales funnel? Taking a look at KPIs (e.g., MQL to SQL conversion rate) will help reveal specific areas in need of change.
Understanding how you stack up against competitors gives your company perspective on which inbound activities (e.g., blogging) are needed to help gain or maintain competitive ground. Being an early adopter of inbound in your market provides a great opportunity to make inroads with your best prospects, while those late to the game can benefit from seeing which areas they're falling short of compared to their competitors.
Fortunately, there are several stand out tools such as PRO, Website Grader, Google Analytics, and likely your own marketing software platform, which can lend insight into your competition. HubSpot, for instance, allows you to see your website's traffic rank, number of domains linking to your site, MozRank (quality of inbound links), and more, in he context of your competitors. These ongoing and comprehensive insights are instructive as to which inbound activities are most necessary for improving your standing.
Positioning drives all marketing efforts--inbound or otherwise--because without it, you can't articulate why your company, product or service is important, and you can't make a case for why any of these should matter to your target audiences.
In its simplest form, positioning helps you get your arms around "the big idea" against which all messaging is measured. Positioning helps you clearly define your best prospect, what your company/product/service will deliver, represent or mean to customers, and provide corroborating evidence to support the claim.
Buyer personas paint a vivid picture of the exact "person" you're targeting with your inbound marketing efforts by clearly defining their background, roles and responsibilities, key motivations, personality, goals, challenges/pain points, etc.
Creating in-depth target personas forms the basis of your inbound marketing efforts, especially top-of-the funnel content used to attract leads. Your target personas are those you're "talking to," educating and ultimately wanting to sell to, so it's important to define them before forming a content strategy.
It's estimated that by 2020, 80% of the buying process is expected to occur without any human interaction. For salespeople, that startling statistic underscores the importance of mapping your buyer's journey (awareness, consideration, decision, experience) and understanding what and when content is needed to move them along in the funnel.
In the Awareness stage, choose simple, straightforward pieces that outline the problem and begin suggesting solution angles such as tip sheets, briefs, blogs, guides and overviews.
For Consideration, more in-depth pieces that are based on specific problems and aligned solutions make sense such as eBooks, reports, white papers and video demonstrations.
In the Decision stage, choose formats that help you articulate value. Case studies, free assessments, vendor features/services comparisons and product literature work well in this stage.
And lastly, in the Experience stage "how-to" formats typically work best, including briefs, blogs, guides and specific overviews.
Your budget for inbound will ultimately be based on growth goals and the time-frame expected for achieving those goals. Budgeting for inbound includes everything from your team resources to tools like your website, marketing automation tools, CRM and outside support, so be sure to keep these six things in mind when deciding how to best budget.
If budgeting for inbound seems a bit overwhelming, take a look at where your current marketing efforts are falling short. You might decide that you're pumping too much money into trade shows, or overspending on paid advertising without getting the leads you expected. Consider cutting back in these areas and focus on how inbound activities can fill in the gaps. The beauty of an inbound program is its calculable ROI, which means you can measure and adjust your cost-return expectations, while also deciding the inbound activities most essential to your success.
A website is essential for inbound marketing success. However, without leveraging Search Engine Optimization (SEO) opportunities to drive traffic or using Growth Driven Design (GDD) to continuously improve your site, you could be missing key opportunities.
In a nutshell, SEO helps your site rank higher in organic search. Since many users don't go beyond the first page--and sometimes the first entries--of results, the faster you appear as a potential solution to their particular pain point, the likelier you are to generate traffic.
GDD, on the other hand, is a more efficient and productive method of building and maintaining a website because it results in a faster launch of an initial site, and it leverages user data to inform continuous improvements to the site. It helps keep your site current, dynamic and user-friendly, all critical to lead attraction and conversion.
In total, SEO and GDD practices amplify the effectiveness of your website and inbound marketing efforts.
You know your business goals, competitive situation and the personas you're targeting. Now, what are you going to say?
A well-developed content strategy is really where the core of your inbound marketing plan takes shape. A content strategy should clearly identify your company's positioning, competitive advantage and why your prospects should listen to your advice over other sources on the Internet. It's imperative that your content remain relevant and helpful. It should always demonstrate how your company can benefit your personas and help solve their challenges, not act as a sales pitch for your latest widget.
Part and parcel to what you're going to say is how and how often you'll say it. Your content strategy will include top-of-funnel blog content as well as advanced content pieces (e.g., tip sheets, white papers, videos, case studies, checklists). Developing and maintaining a regular editorial calendar will help you leverage these popular content formats to address personas' pain points and quickly attract leads.
Before building an editorial calendar, however, you'll need to determine how often you plan to publish content. A good starting point is one blog per week, as publishing at least four times per month generally translates to an increase in inbound traffic to your website. The key is to keep analyzing and evaluating the overall traffic and leads generated from each topic, which will determine the future direction of your blog as well as quarterly or bi-monthly advanced content pieces.
Wouldn't it be nice if every lead you generated was ready to buy? While true in some cases, the reality is that the majority of your leads need some nurturing. Inbound marketing can help.
When a prospect shows interest in your advice on a specific challenge, you have what you need to know to strengthen your connection. Reach out to leads in your funnel regularly with more information and content that answers their questions. The goal is to become an invaluable, expert resource and ultimately guide the prospect through the sales funnel en route to becoming a customer. Consider all of the touch points you'll have with each prospect, which can include lead nurturing emails from a member of the sales team, or automated workflows prospects enter once they provide contact information via a landing page or other form. This organized approach will keep the prospects happy and ensure they don't get lost in the shuffle.
If you've established monthly goals for leads (MQLs, SQLs, and so forth) and the necessary objectives for reaching those goals, lead nurturing will become a more natural and effective process. Further, tying your lead generation and conversion rates to the customers generated through nurturing will give you a realistic projection of performance against your stated objectives by the end of the year.
We all know about the tumultuous relationship that typically exists between Sales and Marketing, and likely the often-quoted statistic that reflects the tension: 87% of the terms Sales and Marketing use to describe each other are negative. Sales tends to view Marketing as the irrelevant "pretty picture department," and Marketing views Sales as simple-minded, lazy, and incompetent. Ouch!
Developing a service-level agreement (SLA) that outlines roles, commitments and responsibilities for and between both departments lets the teams work together with clear expectations on how to reach their shared revenue goals. The SLA facilitates smarketing. It outlines the quantifiable activities and metrics, along with reasonable engagement timing and closed-loop reporting, keeping Sales and Marketing on the same page. Ultimately an SLA holds both teams accountable to each other, which can only improve the functionality of your inbound efforts.
Each company has its own unique makeup, and yours is no difference. This corporate DNA guides decisions about how internal resources and/or an external inbound marketing firm is best suited to help you meet (and exceed) business goals. The success of your inbound marketing plan is truly a team effort. Don't make the mistake of thinking one department, or worse, one person, can successfully satisfy all of the necessary skillset requirements. Take these 10 components into account and set clear expectations for inbound marketing success leading into 2019 and beyond.


text:
Q: Problems updating pointer doing realloc using a structure I'm trying to create a self-expanding array of a structure.  I saw the questions here, here and here but the answers didn't seem to apply to my situation.
I have had pretty good luck using this technique using an array of strings, but using a structure doesn't work.   Below is the code:
//  SO1.h
//
#pragma once

typedef struct {
    int tag;
    int type;
}structure;

void addElement(structure* Tkn_A, const int Tag);

void listArray();

Here is the C code.
// SO1.cpp : This file contains the 'main' function. Program execution begins and ends there.
//

#include "stdio.h"
#include "malloc.h"
#include "SO1.h"

const int   ARRAY_INITIAL_SIZE = 2;
const int   ARRAY_ADDITIONAL_SIZE = ARRAY_INITIAL_SIZE / 2;
structure* userArray;
size_t userArrayLength = -1;
size_t userArrayAvailable = ARRAY_INITIAL_SIZE;

int main()
{
    userArray = (structure*)malloc(userArrayAvailable * sizeof(structure));
    printf(" orgarrptr=%p\n", userArray);

    addElement(userArray, 13);
    addElement(userArray, 14);
    addElement(userArray, 15);
    addElement(userArray, 16);
    addElement(userArray, 17);
    addElement(userArray, 18);
    addElement(userArray, 19);
    addElement(userArray, 20);
    addElement(userArray, 21);
    addElement(userArray, 22);
    addElement(userArray, 23);
    addElement(userArray, 24);
    addElement(userArray, 25);
}

void addElement(structure* userArray, const int tag)
{
    userArrayLength++;
    if (userArrayLength > userArrayAvailable) {
        userArrayAvailable += ARRAY_ADDITIONAL_SIZE;
        structure* originalUserArrayPtr = userArray;
        printf(" orgarrptr=%p\n", originalUserArrayPtr);
        userArray = (structure*)realloc(userArray, userArrayAvailable * sizeof(structure));
        printf(" newarrptr=%p\n", userArray);
        if (originalUserArrayPtr != userArray) {
            printf("pointers different\n");
        }
    }
    userArray[userArrayLength].tag = tag;
    userArray[userArrayLength].type = 1;

    printf("%2d   %d\n\n", userArray[userArrayLength].tag,
        userArray[userArrayLength].type);

    listArray();
}

void listArray()
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i <= userArrayLength; i++) {
        printf("%2d   %d\n", userArray[i].tag,
            userArray[i].type);
    }
}

When the program doesn't complete normally, I get the following error on the line doing the realloc:
Debug Assertion Failed!

File: minkernel\crts\ucrt\src\appcrt\heap.cpp
Line: 604

Expression _CrtIsValidHeapPointer(block)

This happens when the realloc comes up with a different pointer than the original with a new length.  But the next time I look at the pointer, it still has the value of the old pointer.  Below is the output of one run:
:
:
:
13   1
14   1
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
20   1
 orgarrptr=015C79E0
 newarrptr=015C79E0
21   1

13   1
14   1
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
21   1
 orgarrptr=015C79E0
 newarrptr=015C5F58        <===  new pointer
pointers different
22   1

13   1
14   1
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
-842150451   -842150451
21   1
-1863261150   134281082
 orgarrptr=015C79E0        <===  original pointer

exited with code 3.

Does anyone know what would cause this problem?  TIA.
Sorry for the long question, but I wanted to give out all the details.  I don't think Visual Studio has anything to do with problems, but don't know for sure.  I'm using VS Community Edition 2019, 16.1.3.
Update:  Originally I had two problems.  One getting the pointer updated and the other getting garbage data.  I decided to split the two into two different questions.

A: IMHO, the OP is not yet aware about scopes of variables:
void addElement(structure* userArray, const int tag)
{
  /* The global variable userArray is now invisible (eclipsed).
   * Instead, the local parameter userArray is used.
   * It has its own storage.
   */
}

Hence, whenever realloc() returns a different address then given it gets lost after leaving addElement().
realloc() may return

*

*the given address (of first argument)

*a new address

*a NULL pointer.

The heap managment which is used inside of realloc() might recognize that memory after block to grow is still free. Hence, the block can be grown in place. It might also be the case that the heap management provided earlier a larger block than actually requested. (This could be a strategy to prevent fragmentation of heap memory.) This is the reason why same address might be returned although more memory than before was requested.
If nothing of above was applicable a new block is allocated, old contents copied to new address, and old block is freed. (Otherwise, it would become a memory leak.)
If realloc() fails to do any of the above, it returns NULL.
Recalling the above, it's even worse: Whenever realloc() returns a different address then the memory at old address is freed. So, the global userArray (which is not updated) becomes dangling (pointing to freed memory). Accessing a dangling pointer is Undefined Behavior → good for any strange effects including a crash (Access Violation).
Concerning the third:
userArray = (structure*)realloc(userArray, userArrayAvailable * sizeof(structure));

might appear questionable.
(My personal thinking about this is: When memory is exceeded this means usually things have gone very wrong. The process has usually to be terminated as soon as possible. This will happen on most platforms when a NULL pointer is accessed ignoring the fact that the ugly system error message might scare the user and force her/him to make a support call. And, please, note my repeated usage of "usually"...)
The OP already observed the points 1. and 2. in diagnostic output.
There are various options to fix this issue:

*

*get rid of the global variable eclipsing:

void addElement(const int tag)
{
  /* unmodified code will now access the global userArray */
}

*use a pointer to pointer instead:

void addElement(structure **userArray, const int tag)
{
  /* all uses of userArray in code have to get an additional indirection operator
   * i.e. replace all occurrences of "userArray" by "(*userArray)"
   */
}

*return (potentially changed) userArray as result:

structure* addElement(structure *userArray, const int tag)
{
  /* unmodified code */
  return userArray;
}

has to be called now:
userArray = addElement(userArray, 13);

to reassign the (potentially changed) pointer to global variable.

I (personally) prefer design 3 in general. However, considering that addElement() accesses a variety of other global variables as well option 1 seems to me the most consistent fix.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Local MP Mark Hunter this week launched a major business survey across Cheadle constituency to find out about the priorities and challenges facing the business community in our locality.
The survey aims to find out how local shopkeepers and business people view issues such as transport, taxation, insurance, fuel costs and wider economic issues. Mark is hoping to use that information to lobby on behalf of the local commercial sector even more effectively.
Several hundred surveys have been distributed across the Cheadle area to a range of businesses and Mr Hunter's office has already received several responses within a matter of days.
On launching the survey, Mark commented, "Traditionally, our area has enjoyed low unemployment and high levels of prosperity. But that doesn't mean local businesses don't often struggle with government red tape, transport difficulties and skills shortages. That is why I want find out what their priorities are for our area and what I can do in Parliament to assist them."
Mark added, "Businesses in our constituency are the bedrock of many of our local communities so it is important to engage with them as effectively as possible. As well as representing all residents in Cheadle, I also do my best to lobby on behalf of businesses and other organisations based in our area."


Light rain early...then remaining cloudy with showers in the afternoon. High 47F. Winds W at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 60%..
Cloudy skies early, then partly cloudy after midnight. Low 34F. Winds NNW at 5 to 10 mph.
A Stowe couple has pleaded guilty in Lamoille Superior Court to stealing money from an 82-year-old woman last year.
John Allen, 58, and Katherine Allen, 55, each pleaded guilty June 19 to financial exploitation of a vulnerable adult of less than $500, a misdemeanor.
The Allens were each given a one-day to 12-month sentence, which was suspended during good behavior. They were placed on probation for two years.
According to an affidavit filed with the court, in late October, Theresa Howard told police her sister, Katherine Allen, was stealing money from their elderly mother, Corrine Westower.
An investigation showed the Allens had allegedly taken more than $5,000 from Westower's bank account, while caring for her, to pay off debts, the affidavit said.
According to the affidavit, the couple allegedly told police they weren't aware they couldn't use Westower's bank account to pay their bills.
The Allens were accused of stealing the money between December 2011 and the fall of 2012, the affidavit said. Both were originally charged with felony counts of financial exploitation of a vulnerable adult, but the charge was reduced in a plea agreement. Katherine Allen was also charged with violation of conditions of release, but the charge was dropped at the prosecution's request.


text:
Q: What is the difference between open with O_EXCL and using flock Imagine I have two processes trying to open the same file in read only mode. I want only one process to open the file and the other one to fail (essentialy a file lock). What is the difference between doing
if (open("name", O_RDONLY | O_EXCL | O_NONBLOCK, 0666) == -1 && EWOULDBLOCK == errno) {
   ...
}

and
int fd = open("name", O_RDONLY | O_EXCL, 0666);
if (flock(fd, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB, 0666) && EWOULDBLOCK == errno) {
    ...
}

Is it the same? Does the above work at all as I expect? If not then what does O_EXCL do? Is there a way to make the above one work as I want?

A: As the question What is the written-out word for O_EXCL cross-referenced by Erdal Küçük in a comment implies (if not states), the O_EXCL flag is only of relevance if you are creating a file.  Your other options to open() do not create a file, so the use of O_EXCL is irrelevant (harmless but not useful).  Even if you were creating the file, it would not stop another program from opening the file for reading after the file is created but while other processes have the file open.  Note that if the other program tries to create the file with O_EXCL, then that other program will fail to create the file — that's what O_EXCL is for.
You will need to use one of the advisory locking mechanisms — flock(2) (found on Linux and BSD systems (and probably others) but not standardized by POSIX), or POSIX functions lockf() or
fcntl().
All the programs accessing the file will need to agree on using the advisory locking.  If someone runs cat name, the cat command will not pay any attention to the advisory locks on the file name.
Some systems support mandatory file locking.  When supported, this is activated by setting the SGID bit on the file while the group-execute bit is cleared.  If the system supports mandatory file locking, it is likely the ls -l would list an l in the group-execute bit column; otherwise, it will likely report S.  So the permissions might show as either of these:
-rw-r-lr--
-rw-r-Sr--

The file locking functions should not be confused with flockfile() which is for locking a single file stream in a multi-threaded program, not for locking files.


GGS is a globally innovative online block chain gambling platform for players and shareholders. The platform is based on EOS.IO block chain and EOS intelligent contract underlying operating environment. It fully uses the block chain and EOS ecosystem to build a fully secure, verifiable fairness, decentralization, de-trust, borderless play. Globalized online gambling and entertainment game system with the most complete law and the largest scale.


text:
Q: MAMP exec command in php cannot find mysql in apache env (works in CLI) I am using MAMP pro latest version Mac OS X 10.10
FROM cli I can run the following and it works:
exec("mysql --host=$db_host --user=$db_user --password=$db_password $db_name < $sql_file");

FROM apache/php it doesn't work and cannot find the executable.
It DOES work from apache/php if I do the following:
exec("/Applications/MAMP/Library/bin/mysql --host=$db_host --user=$db_user --password=$db_password $db_name < $sql_file");

What do I need to change to get this to work? It seems for some reason the environment variables aren't available when running from apache/php.

A: I solved this by finding out the the environment path was /usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
I find this via phpinfo. I then symlinked mysql and mysqldump into /usr/bin and that solved my problem. I was I knew how to add paths to php; but this was good enough for what I needed.

A: Similiar question asked here. PHP is probably invoking diferent shell. You can check which shell is used with this command:
php -r 'echo shell_exec("echo $0");'

A: I have two possible solutions for you. You can tweak your program or you can switch to a PHP approach.
Bash approach
OSX, from my somewhat limited experience, appreciates a full path for MySQL. I may not have the full story here, so if you test this command in bash straight from the command line and it works, then your best bet may be to insert the code as a bash script which you can execute.
//In your web scripts:
exec("doMySQL $db_host, $db_user, $dp_pass, $db_name $db_file");

//In mysql.php
!/bin/bash
mysql --host=$1 --user=$2 --password=$3 $4 < $5

Make sure you make your bash script executable.
If that doesn't work (I need to put the full path in my she'll be default for OSX), you may need to make sure you have a session environment for the owner of PHP. Or, you can place the full path in a settings file and change the path when you change environments. Personally I find this tedious and just one extra step that will lead to more effort in the long run, which leads to my next point.
PHP Solution
PHP would be my preferred solution because for little extra effort it is guaranteed to work anywhere PHP works, including Windows. So long as PHP can find MySQL, you will be all set. From my experience as a user and a developer, if you plan on having anyone else install this on their system, this will probably save you more time than writing instructions for each use case and helping people debug, and could certainly save that person time.
Utilizing a combination of file_get_contents() and mysqli::multi_query() should be nice and platform agnostic. WARNING: This has not been tested, nor is this "production quality". This is merely an example.
$file = file_get_contents($sql_file);
//You may want to take this opportunity to guard against unwanted
// code. For example, if you don't want DELETE syntax. Again, ignore
// if you feel good about your file not being tampered with.
$db = new mysqli($db_host, $db_user, $db_pass, $db_name);

// Now execute the query. Almost verbatim from PHP's documentation:

/* execute multi query */
if ($db->multi_query($file)) {
    do {
        /* store first result set */
        if ($result = $db->store_result()) {
            while ($row = $result->fetch_row()) {
                printf("%s\n", $row[0]);
            }
            $result->free();
        }
        /* print divider */
        if ($mysqli->more_results()) {
            printf("-----------------\n");
        }
    } while ($mysqli->next_result());
}

Alternatively, you could look at PDO and transactions.
try {
  $dbh = new PDO('odbc:SAMPLE', 'db2inst1', 'ibmdb2',
      array(PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true));
  echo "Connected\n";
} catch (Exception $e) {
  die("Unable to connect: " . $e->getMessage());
}

try {
  $dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

  $dbh->beginTransaction();
  foreach(explode(";",$file) as $value) {
      $dbh->exec($value);
  }
  $dbh->commit();

} catch (Exception $e) {
  $dbh->rollBack();
  echo "Failed: " . $e->getMessage();
}

Hope this helps!

A: see "disable_functions" in php.ini or try function system


text:
from jinja2 import Template
from praw.models import Comment, Message

import bot_logger
import crypto
import lang
import models
import utils

def register_user(msg):
    user = models.User(msg.author.name)
    if not user.is_registered():
        user.get_new_address()
        if user.address:
            content_reply = Template(lang.message_register_success + lang.message_footer).render(
                username=user.username,
                address=user.address)
            tittle_reply = 'you are registered'

            user.register()
            models.HistoryStorage.add_to_history(msg.author.name, "", "", "", "register")

            # create a backup of wallet
            crypto.backup_wallet()
        else:
            bot_logger.logger.warning('Error during register !')
    else:
        bot_logger.logger.info('%s are already registered ' % user.username)

        # pending_tips is balance of tip send to unregistered users
        pending_tips = user.get_balance_pending_tip()
        unconfirmed_balance = user.get_balance_unconfirmed()
        spendable_balance = user.get_balance()

        bot_logger.logger.info('user %s spendable_balance = %s' % (user.username, spendable_balance))

        unconfirmed_value_usd = utils.get_coin_value(unconfirmed_balance)
        spendable_value_usd = utils.get_coin_value(spendable_balance)
        pending_tips_value_usd = utils.get_coin_value(pending_tips)

        content_reply = Template(
            lang.message_already_registered + lang.message_account_details + lang.message_footer).render(
            username=msg.author.name,
            address=user.address,
            spendable_balance=str(spendable_balance),
            spendable_value_usd=str(spendable_value_usd),
            unconfirmed_balance=str(unconfirmed_balance),
            unconfirmed_value_usd=str(unconfirmed_value_usd),
            pending_tips=str(pending_tips),
            pending_tips_value_usd=str(pending_tips_value_usd)
        )
        tittle_reply = 'you are already registered'

    # send PM so just reply
    if type(msg) is Message:
        msg.reply(content_reply)

    # we have just comment so send info in PM
    if type(msg) is Comment:
        user.send_private_message(tittle_reply, content_reply)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
schools that are having a magazine awards for their students
University Magazine
What Are Content Audits & Why Are They Important?
Chad July 19, 2022 0 Comments
Good quality, relevant and helpful content, now more than ever, is key to digital marketing success. The saying 'Content is King' wasn't coined for nothing after all! Great content enables you to reach specific target audiences with the useful information they are searching for. Delivering excellent content is a subtle gesture which shows a willingness to help readers and, as a result, attracts them to your site, assisting rather than interrupting their journey and encouraging them to interact with you.
Whatever the size of your business it is likely that you will have content available. Whether it is already written and on your site or waiting to be uploaded, just being planned or still in the heads of your experienced team. So, what do you do with it all and how do you make the most of it?
Content is a valuable resource and can add value repeatedly and across platforms if it is managed, optimised, repurposed and updated effectively. However, you may find that your content pile feels a little daunting even to think about. With no specific content focus, aim or purpose, the 'thing' that's meant to be 'king' can feel overwhelming and unmanageable.
The answer is content audits. Content audits are a hugely valuable part of any content strategy and can help you evaluate your content marketing strategies, giving you the opportunity to organise everything you have on record and help clarify your plans for additional content. In a time where marketing is striving towards a digital future, the importance of a structured content audit for successful content marketing growth has never been so apparent.
How to perform a content audit?
Determine the business objectives
Collecting data indiscriminately not only costs a lot of time and resources, but it will probably lead you to dead ends. That's why your audit needs to be focused on an objective.
increased organic traffic: to reduce paid media costs, increase brand recognition or improve the effectiveness of strategies such as Inbound Marketing;
improve CTR: to benefit campaign performance or increase the number of page views on the site;
strengthenlead generation: to analyze content and call to action (CTA) performance and provide optimization actions;
reduce the rejection rate: identify problems in content and SEO elements that are harming the user experience and provide solutions;
raise conversion rates: invest in site configuration and content production improvements to attract qualified audiences and increase marketing and sales conversions.
Create a content inventory
Collect and analyze data
Fortunately, there are practical tools that help with the process of auditing content more quickly, without the need to focus for hours — or days — on the task, filling out spreadsheets.
It is worth mentioning that in a certain moment when a site or e-commerce already presents hundreds or thousands of pages, these tools cease to be an option and become a must — because the chance of making mistakes and omitting information becomes quite large.
Screaming Frog is a platform focused on SEO auditing. Basically, what it does is track all the links on your site and categorize them within a series of criteria so you can analyze the performance of your content very easily.
DYNO Mapper
One of the differentials of this platform is that it keeps a progress report based on your audits' history. That way, you can follow the evolution of your site and optimize your strategies.
WooRank
WooRank boasts one of the most complete panels for content analysis and auditing, in addition to very interesting functions such as Site Crawler, which helps understand how search engine robots "see" pages.
Manually verify the indicated actions
The tools help enormously in data analysis and problem detection, but we cannot rely solely on their results. This software's algorithms are quite accurate, but many aspects of content go beyond technical criteria.
in this model, we consider that pages with less than six months old do not present sufficient data for analysis, except in special situations — such as product pages or event landing pages;
the Ahref team understands that the page that has had at least one visitor per day in the last 12 months is content with a minimum acceptable level of traffic, but these values can be modified according to the parameters of your business;
the same goes for the proportion of organic traffic since these numbers tend to vary according to your strategy;
backlinks are the links that point to the page in question, which implies the need to configure redirection (redirect 301) when we delete it to avoid empty destinations (error 404).
Provide the necessary actions
In general, it is never advisable to exclude content from a site, especially when it has been on the Internet for some time and might be receiving some traffic from external addresses.
Besides, we cannot forget that all content is an investment: either of time and energy (when you are the author) or of financial resources (when you hire professionals to produce them).
So the best way to deal with URLs that give little return is to improve them (update them) or gather similar material in a new high-quality post (better output when there is a case of cannibalism of keywords).
Making Your Content Audit Last
Once you have completed the content audit process, you should have a clear path to improve performance and effectiveness. Most websites have gaps in one or more of the areas identified above. The key is to use your audit to drive improvements over time and adjust your content strategy accordingly.
With this said, be realistic about your capacity to fix outstanding issues. Depending on how much content you have, a full content audit might take more time than you have resources for. In that case, a lean audit like the one mentioned above might be your best bet.
Regardless, success depends on your ability to maintain high standards over time. Run through audit results with your entire content team so everyone understands where gaps exist and how to address them. While you may not be able to fix everything at once, if you're diligent about improving content quality and train your team accordingly, you will see results over time.
Content Audits: Final Word
A content audit can be the driving force for a new site-wide governance strategy. The process can help you understand whether your digital marketing strategy is successful or not. It should also help you build capacity.
While auditing an entire site might be a daunting task, once you have completed the process you should have a clear path to improve site content over time. After making the requisite changes, your content should better serve your users' needs and your business goals. Win-win!
Need a content strategy?
Tim Frick founded Mightybytes in 1998 to help mission-driven organizations solve problems, amplify their impact, and meet business and marketing goals. He is the author of four books, including Designing for Sustainability: A Guide to Building Greener Digital Products and Services from O'Reilly Media. Follow Tim on Twitter or connect with him on LinkedIn.
https://www.innovationvisual.com/knowledge/what-are-content-audits-why-are-they-important
https://rockcontent.com/blog/content-audit/
https://www.mightybytes.com/blog/how-to-run-a-content-audit/


Yes that's right it really is Pancake Day tomorrow. We've been rattling our brains to find out how best to make our pancakes a little different this year and nothing says 'step away from the children' and indulge yourself like a little bit of boozy pancake offerings!
So forget Blue Peter, lets get down to business with an old (but new to us) recipe from the world famous Appleton Estate rum makers, that dates back to 1749!
Enjoy, but if the kids are going mad from the sugar and lemon toppings, then stay safe in the knowledge that these ones are all for yourself and you deserve it!


This new generation of products comes in a LCC20 (8.9mm x 8.9mm) ceramic package, some three times smaller than current sensors and in a variety of g ranges from ±2g to ±250g. These sensors can operate over extended temperature ranges with just a few milli g bias stability guaranteed over extended lifetime. These high quality sensors conform to MIL-STD-883-E as typically required by the aerospace, military and geophysical markets.
"These products have already been qualified by multiple preferred leading edge clients for AHRS, missile guidance and industrial applications, giving us strong confidence that the MS9000 is offering extremely competitive performance" commented Soheil Habibi, Business Development Manager for Inertial Sensing at Colibrys.
"The smaller package size allows our customers to realize more compact and higher accuracy guidance and navigation systems especially in applications where performance and reliability are a pre-requisite. This product is a further step in our plan to offer compact and competitively priced sub milli g stability accelerometers in the coming year".
This new product allows Colibrys to underline its position as a leading edge independent European supplier of inertial sensors to the harsh environment and safety critical applications worldwide. MS9000 will be officially presented at Sensor Expo Japan 2008, Tokyo end of April, at PLANS 2008 in Monterey (CA) USA early May and at both Sensor + Test in Nuremberg (Germany) and ILA 2008, in Berlin (Germany) in May.


Sand under doggie paws, fresh sea air, sunshine and water... this is the right collar for those wonderful romps on the beach. Wonderful combinations of our Vichy check with maritime symbols and a beautiful border.
Available width: 1 & 1 1/2"
Small: 11 1/2" to 17"
Medium: 15 3/4" to 21 1/2"
Large: 19 1/2 to 26 3/4"


Hmong Cultural Center Qeej Group Performance at Pan Asian Festival, Mall of America (May 14, 2016).
Moneygram Children's Corner Launch Event (May 2, 2016).
Hmong Cultural Center First Baptist Church ESL Classes Field Trip to Minnesota History Center (July 2015).
Hmong Cultural Center Morning ESL Classes Field Trip to Minnesota History Center (May 2015).
National Endowment of the Arts Chairwoman Jane Chu Visits Hmong Cultural Center (April 2015).
Minnesota State Representative Rena Moran Visits English, English/Civics, Citizenship and Medical Waiver Citizenship Classes at Hmong Cultural Center (January 20, 2015).


OMAHA (DTN) -- Average retail fertilizer prices continue to be mostly higher the first full week of May 2018, according to retailers surveyed by DTN.
Seven of the eight major fertilizers were once again priced higher than last month, although none by a significant amount. DAP had an average price of $483 per ton, MAP $505/ton, potash $354/ton, 10-34-0 $431/ton, anhydrous $512/ton, UAN28 $241/ton and UAN32 $276/ton.
The remaining fertilizer was slightly lower in price compared to the previous month. Urea had an average price of $366/ton.
Five of the eight major fertilizers are now higher compared to last year with prices pushing higher in recent months. Anhydrous is now up 1%, both potash and urea are 4% higher, MAP is up 9%, and DAP is 11% higher than last year.
The remaining three fertilizers are lower in price compared to a year ago. Both 10-34-0 and UAN32 are 1% lower, while UAN28 is 3% lower than a year ago.
Fertilizer manufacturer The Mosaic Company announced on Monday it intends to move its corporate headquarters from Plymouth, Minnesota, to Hillsborough County, Florida. The details of the move, including timing, the exact location of the corporate office and the number of employees to be relocated, remains under consideration, according to the company's news release.
The move is expected to yield several benefits to the company. It will allow the headquarters to be closer and have better access to Mosaic Fertilizantes, the name given to its Brazilian operation after the company acquired the Brazilian company Vale Fertilizantes. The sale was completed in January of 2018.
Other reasons for the move, according to Mosaic, were to focus on the potash business and to amplify the company's presence in central Florida. Significant long-term cost savings are also expected. The company has 17 of its 25 U.S. facilities located within Florida, with several facilities there in phosphate production.
"Mosaic is among the largest employers and most significant corporate economic drivers in Central Florida," said Mosaic President and CEO Joc O'Rourke.
"We believe locating our corporate office there will give us opportunities to amplify Mosaic's presence and engage more closely with communities where we operate. With the cost savings we expect to achieve and the closer proximity to our Mosaic Fertilizantes business in Brazil, this move will drive improved efficiency and good value."


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text:
namespace ee
{

class MultiSpritesImpl;
class LibraryPanel;

class PasteSymbolTileOP : public PasteSymbolOP
{
public:
	PasteSymbolTileOP(wxWindow* wnd, EditPanelImpl* stage, MultiSpritesImpl* sprites_impl,
		LibraryPanel* library, PasteSymbolOffsetCMPT<PasteSymbolTileOP>* cmpt);

	virtual bool OnMouseLeftDown(int x, int y) override;
	virtual bool OnMouseRightDown(int x, int y) override;
	virtual bool OnMouseMove(int x, int y) override;

	virtual bool OnDraw() const override;

private:
	class NearestQueryVisitor : public RefVisitor<Sprite>
	{
	public:
		NearestQueryVisitor(const sm::vec2& pos);

		virtual void Visit(const SprPtr& spr, bool& next) override;

		const SprPtr& GetResult() const { return m_result;  }

	private:
		const sm::vec2& m_pos;

		float m_dis;

		SprPtr m_result;

	}; // NearestQueryVisitor

private:
	MultiSpritesImpl* m_spritesImpl;

	PasteSymbolOffsetCMPT<PasteSymbolTileOP>* m_cmpt;

	bool m_bCaptured;

	float m_rotate;

}; // PasteSymbolTileOP

}

#endif // _EASYEDITOR_PASTE_SYMBOL_TILE_OP_H_


they really lived up to their names today!
I saw part of the fence hanging kinda funny, so I needed I should go look at it. Good thing I didn't wait. becuase I found that they ripped off a section of boards and in the process knocked one of the supports to the awning outta whack. It was just barely holding the roof up!
I was beyond mad. thankfully I have a job where when this stuff comes up I tell my boss 'hey I really gotta fix this NOW' and he understands. He even loaned me his floor jack so I could raise the roof and put the post back in place.
I had TWO strands of hot wire on this sucker!! but they still would chew the boards at the bottom. I immediatly put step in posts in and strung two strands of hot wire about 2' away from the 'affected' area, so they can't even get close to it!
I then jacked it up, pushed the post back into place, screwed down the board that acts as a shim, let the roof back down. then cut braces to put on the side. My boss loaned me his impact drill too. My 18V Ryobi just can't quite get 2.5" screws all the way in. Sucked down lots of screws, test the fence to make sure it's hot and called it good.
I just got back and emailed my BF the pic. He's pretty upset, his Ural ( sidecar motorcycle) is parked under that awning. If that wouldn't came down it would've been BAD! I was mad too though, I love that motorcycle ,and I'm fed up with the donks breaking everything!!!
Almost fixed, bracing is next.
OK, well I guess I should post some other damage pics from the past couple years.
'they chew wood' is an UNDERSTATEMENT!!
yes, they're fed appropriately, yes they usually have grass to eat, yes they have a tree to eat instead, yes they have pasture. I think they just like to drive me INSANE.
My barn, after donkeys, before metal siding!!
Stall front AFTER, that is a 2x12 in the background, eaten all the way through!


text:
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Safety professionals seem to be on a desperate search for "leading indicators." This is a reaction to a reaction. We have managed safety reactively through injury, incident and near-miss data and are seeking to become more proactive by measuring upstream. This is generally a good trend in thinking that I believe will ultimately look more like a balanced scorecard than simply a dashboard.
However, one topic that is critical but not being discussed is the timing and frequency of measurement. Good metrics help to understand and focus as well as measure performance. If the measurement (or communication of the measurement) is too infrequent or if there is too much time between, the metrics fail to maintain focus. Focus can become habit if reinforced at the right intervals. Some aspects of safety ought to become habitual. The right metrics can aid in the formation of such habits as well as measure the progress toward them.
Certainly there are some aspects of safety that should not become simple habit since they require meticulous planning and execution. But, even these can become common practice with aid of the right metrics and with the right timing and frequency. Metrics that are communicated in a timely and regular basis establish a level of expectation and provide meaningful feedback to maintain and improve performance. Visible progress is also a powerful motivator and can come from well-timed and spaced metrics more naturally, than from artificial incentive and reward systems. When you explore upstream and ask what leading indicators you should measure, also ask how often and regularly you should measure them.


Professional writer since 1989. Author of the IN THE REALM OF THE GODS series and the SUZIE crime novels. But that's not all: screenplays, short stories, fantasy, mysteries, varied nonfiction, and even chick lit. Crazy, but highly reliable. Can fix about anything.
Also highly skilled at caregiving from long experience.
I'd say the most startling event of my life was the Greensburg Tornado in 2007. The house was ripped apart around me. I was buried in the wreckage, but strangely, the wreckage wasn't my enemy, but my friend. It kept my late mother, her two cats, and me alive by holding us fast against the tremendous screaming winds of the tornado. And then, silence. No sirens, no rescuers, just silence. I dug us out of the wreckage. Eventually, after a seemingly endless time in that silence, setting my poor demented mother in a salvaged chair and digging out the cats to set them in their carriers beside her, help arrived.
Otherwise, a fairly ordinary creative life, full of day jobs.
What does catering to the rich cost us?
More poor people. Fewer programs and funding to raise them out of poverty.
The big thing now is beating up people who are supposedly NeoNazis. "Punch a Nazi in the face" is a popular theme in Facebook and that Twitter thing. The people preaching these ideas have the minds of uneducated children.
Why do I say that? Here's why.
war, misery, and slavery across the galaxy.
Who's the Guilty One Now?
I've just got to get caught up on posting my essays! There's a backlog of them five miles high!
Just a final thought before sleep. Back when I taught adjunct, students were constantly complaining about the Romans, making moral judgements about this past civilization. "They had slavery!" "They conquered other nations!" "They did this! They did that!" I could hear the moral superiority in their voices.
The Fictional Waltz: Who Knew Software Had a Sense of Humor?
Darkness seems to wrap around us every day, in our jobs, in our culture...but there's still fun to be had.
One of my favorite films is After the Rain. It's the last script written by Akira Kurosawa. Great film. I watched a clip from the film on youtube...the only trouble, it had no subtitles. So I activated youtube's subtitle generator. The results were hilarious.
"About one o'clock in the menu have earned him great tours."
If I wanted to waste my time, I could rewrite the plot of Prometheus into something interesting. I guess I'm wasting my time.
Here's the plot of Prometheus in a nutshell.
The child in me never died when I grew up. So when I heard the phrase "...we'll board their ship..." in this Young Turks video, the image of progressives as pirates immediately leapt into my thoughts.
This isn't mockery, it's praise.
Buy a parrot and teach it to say "We want universal health care now!" It'll sit on my shoulder.
Get a tattoo that reads "$15 or death!"
Something other than Cancer: Half Life 3?
Some days I'm tired of talking about my cancer and all the myriad problems that come with it. Like Christmas in hell every damn day. So I will talk about something almost as depressing: why Half Life 3 will never be made.
I delayed to write because I had hoped to have some news about my latest PET scan. It will be another week. I'll know next Wednesday.
Sent this to Gabe Newell at Valve, a shot in the dark.
Let me briefly recap the financial hurricane that is my cancer. There are lessons here for others facing their battles. I'll try to remember to do a sketch on this subject, remind me if I forget.
There are many paths into darkness. This is only one way.
One of the many negative aspects of cancer recovery is the knowledge that I'm just not ready for prime time. A major tumor, like the one that was in the side of my face, killing it takes a lot out of the body. I'm walking back from it, but the progress is very, very slow.
DOS wasn't that bad. I got along with it fine, but it had a bad reputation. But then again, my first programming language was Fortran.
Just learned this, and explains a lot about just why Germany lost World War II and why the Americans were such formidable opponents.
I'm making memes. I may or may not have a flare for it. See below, you be the judge. Still trying to sell my comics. Still trying to regain my health.
I discovered a bunch of stuff that I thought only had sentimental value - has real value. I'd like to sell it off, to see me through recovery. Here's a bit of it. I'll post more in the coming days.


text:
Ricardo's model: productivity differences as a determinant of trade
De Baripedia
Professeur(s)
Sbergami, Federica[1][2][3]
Céline Carrère[4][5][6][7][8][9]
The Heckscher-Ohlin model: differences in factor endowments as a determinant of trade
Economies of scale as a determinant of trade: beyond comparative advantage
Trade policy instruments
Multilateral trade agreements
Preferential Trade Agreements
The Free Trade Challenge
International Macroeconomics: Issues and Overview
National Accounts and Balance of Payments
Exchange rates and the foreign exchange market
Short-term exchange rates: the asset-based approach
Long-term exchange rates: the monetary approach
Domestic product and short-term exchange rates
Floating exchange rates
Fixed exchange rates and intervention on the foreign exchange market
David Ricardo developed the classical theory of comparative advantage in 1817 to explain why countries engage in international trade even when one country's workers are more efficient at producing every single good than workers in other countries. He demonstrated that if two countries capable of producing two commodities engage in the free market, then each country will increase its overall consumption by exporting the good for which it has a comparative advantage while importing the other good, provided that there exist differences in labor productivity between both countries.[10][11] Widely regarded as one of the most powerful[12] yet counter-intuitive[13] insights in economics, Ricardo's theory implies that comparative advantage rather than absolute advantage is responsible for much of international trade.[14]
Countries trade internationally for two reasons:
Exploiting differences between countries:
Factor endowment (capital, labour, natural resources)
In order to exploit economies of scale in production...
Definitions and notations:
Labor productivity = Y L = A Y L {\displaystyle {\frac {Y}{L}}=A_{YL}}
Number of units produced per unit of work
Unit quantities of work = L Y = a L Y {\displaystyle {\frac {L}{Y}}=a_{LY}}
Unit coefficient
Number of work units required per product unit
A Y L = 1 a Y L {\displaystyle A_{YL}={\frac {1}{a_{YL}}}}
Ricardo's production function
Y = A Y L L = 1 a L Y L {\displaystyle Y=A_{YL}L={\frac {1}{a_{LY}}}L}
Contenu disponible en Français
Contenido disponible en español
1 The law of comparative advantage
1.1 An example
1.2 Absolute vs. comparative advantage
2 Ricardo's closed economy
2.2 Production possibilities
3 Balance of production in the closed economy
4 Trade in the Ricardo model
4.2 Relative global demand and supply
4.3 Gains from trade
4.4 Salaries
5 Empirical evidence on Ricardo's model
6 Three misconceptions about comparative advantage
The law of comparative advantage[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
The law of comparative advantage describes how, under free trade, an agent will produce more of and consume less of a good for which they have a comparative advantage.[15]
In an economic model, agents have a comparative advantage over others in producing a particular good if they can produce that good at a lower relative opportunity cost or autarky price, i.e. at a lower relative marginal cost prior to trade.[16] Comparative advantage describes the economic reality of the work gains from trade for individuals, firms, or nations, which arise from differences in their factor endowments or technological progress.[17] (One should not compare the monetary costs of production or even the resource costs (labor needed per unit of output) of production. Instead, one must compare the opportunity costs of producing goods across countries[18]).[19]
An example[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
On Valentine's Day the demand for flowers in the United States is 10 million.
Producing flowers in February in the United States is expensive.
The resources used to produce flowers can be used to produce something else: computers.
Flower production has an opportunity cost in terms of computers (or some other good).
Suppose that in the United States 10 million flowers can be produced with the same resources as 100,000 computers.
Suppose that in South America 10 million flowers can be produced with 30,000 computers.
The 10 million flowers have a lower opportunity cost in South America => specialization in flower production.
Trade gains and comparative advantage: If instead of producing the 10 million flowers they need in the USA, they specialise in computer production and South America specialises in flower production, and they trade, then the "world" will have 70,000 more computers at its disposal.
In Ricardo's model, comparative advantage is determined by relative labour productivity.
Absolute vs. comparative advantage[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
Not all individuals (countries) have an absolute advantage...
The good news is that all countries (individuals) have a comparative advantage: an activity in which one is relatively better than anyone else (as long as there are more activities than countries). Specialization in the activity in which one is relatively better is a source of gain to trade, even when one has no absolute advantage (notion of opportunity cost).
Example: Tony Parker plays basketball better than his gardener. He also cuts the grass faster. Parker therefore has two absolute advantages over his gardener and his gardener has none. However, it is reasonable for Parker to have a gardener. Why does he need a gardener? Because Parker's opportunity cost for the gardening business is much greater than that of his gardener who doesn't play in the NBA.
Ricardo's closed economy[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
Assumptions[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
Labour is the only factor of production
His offer is fixed (perfectly inelastic).
Labour productivity is fixed
Y = A Y L = 1 a L Y L {\displaystyle Y=A_{YL}={\frac {1}{a_{LY}}}L}
Two substitutable goods are produced, namely cheese and wine.
Perfect competition on all markets (goods and labour)
Production possibilities[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
The Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) gives us the maximum amount of wine that can be produced given the amount of cheese produced.
We start from the condition of equilibrium on the labour market :
L v + L F = L = a L V Y V + a L F Y F {\displaystyle L_{v}+L_{F}=L=a_{LV}Y_{V}+a_{LF}Y_{F}}
And we solve for Y V {\displaystyle Y_{V}} (ou Y F {\displaystyle Y_{F}} ) :
Y V = 1 a L V L − a L F a L V Y F {\displaystyle Y_{V}={\frac {1}{a_{LV}}}L-{\frac {a_{LF}}{a_{LV}}}Y_{F}}
The frontier of production possibilities: Corresponds to figure 3.1 on page 34 of KOM (2012).
Balance of production in the closed economy[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
P V {\displaystyle P_{V}} = price of wine, P F {\displaystyle P_{F}} = cheese price.
w V {\displaystyle w_{V}} = wine salary, w F {\displaystyle w_{F}} = cheese wage
If perfect competition => no profit:
− P V Y V = w V L V {\displaystyle -P_{V}Y_{V}=w_{V}L_{V}} => w V = P V a L V {\displaystyle w_{V}={\frac {P_{V}}{a_{LV}}}}
− P F Y F = w F L F {\displaystyle -P_{F}Y_{F}=w_{F}L_{F}} => w F = P F a L F {\displaystyle w_{F}={\frac {P_{F}}{a_{LF}}}}
Perfect mobility of work between the two sectors therefore:
If w F > w V {\displaystyle w_{F}>w_{V}} (that is, if p F p V > a L F a L V {\displaystyle {\frac {p_{F}}{p_{V}}}>{\frac {a_{LF}}{a_{LV}}}}
then no wine production
If w V > w F {\displaystyle w_{V}>w_{F}} (that is, if p F p V < a L F a L V {\displaystyle {\frac {p_{F}}{p_{V}}}<{\frac {a_{LF}}{a_{LV}}}}
then no cheese production
Production balance.
In a closed economy both goods are produced (because quantities produced = quantities consumed) and as perfect mobility of labour between the two sectors, in balance:
w V = w F {\displaystyle w_{V}=w_{F}}
So P F P V = a L F a L V {\displaystyle {\frac {P_{F}}{P_{V}}}={\frac {a_{LF}}{a_{LV}}}}
Relative price of autarky = opportunity cost</math>
The quantities consumed/produced of each good are determined by the relative demand for the two goods at the relative price set by the unit labour coefficients.
The autarky balance: The autarky quantities consumed are determined by the relative demand conditions.
Trade in the Ricardo model[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
Two countries: Home and Foreign*
Two properties: Cheese and Wine
Perfect competition in all markets: goods and labour
We export the good in which we have a comparative advantage and import the other good.
If a L F a L V < a L F ∗ a L V ∗ {\displaystyle {\frac {a_{LF}}{a_{LV}}}<{\frac {a_{LF}^{*}}{a_{LV}^{*}}}} => Home has a comparative advantage in cheese production (lower opportunity cost than Foreign)
In free trade balance, we have (complete?) specialization of Home in Cheese and Foreign in Wine.
The equilibrium price is determined by the intersection of relative demand and supply.
Relative global demand and supply[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
Corresponds to figure 3.3 on page 38 of KOM (2012).
Gains from trade[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
Note: in an open economy, the frontier of production possibilities (from slope to slope) is not the same as in an open economy. a L F a L V {\displaystyle {\frac {a_{LF}}{a_{LV}}}} and the consumer's budget constraint (of slope P F P V {\displaystyle {\frac {P_{F}}{P_{V}}}} are no longer necessarily confused!
Let's remember that a L F a L V < a L F ∗ a L V ∗ {\displaystyle {\frac {a_{LF}}{a_{LV}}}<{\frac {a_{LF}^{*}}{a_{LV}^{*}}}}
Salaries[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
In the presence of trade, the prices of goods are identical in both countries (otherwise arbitration).
Thus, absolute productivity differences between countries mean that wages are not necessarily equal.
But as long as the relative price of free trade is between the two prices of autarky, (real) wages rise in both countries when trade is opened up.
Empirical evidence on Ricardo's model[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
Despite higher absolute productivity in the United States than in England at the end of World War II, exports from both countries were in line with the prediction of Ricardo's model (McDougall, EJ 1951).
Three misconceptions about comparative advantage[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
« Openness to free trade can only benefit an economy if it is sufficiently efficient or competitive. »
Wrong: What determines gains in trade is not the absolute advantage, but the relative advantage.
a L F = 10 × a L F ∗ {\displaystyle a_{LF}=10\times a_{LF}^{*}} et a L V = 30 × a L V ∗ {\displaystyle a_{LV}^{=}30\times a_{LV}^{*}} , Mais donc a L F a L V = 1 3 × a L F ∗ a L V ∗ {\displaystyle {\frac {a_{LF}}{a_{LV}}}={\frac {1}{\frac {3\times a_{LF}^{*}}{a_{LV}^{*}}}}} and so Home wins by specializing in cheese production, even though it is 10 times less productive than Foreign.
« Competition from low-wage countries is unfair and penalizes developed countries ("social dumping"). »
Wages reflect differences in absolute productivity between countries. And gains from trade are independent of absolute benefits.
Hourly labour costs in Europe.
« International trade allows companies and consumers in developed countries to exploit workers in the Third World by keeping wages low. »
Wrong: Trade increases workers' wages by allowing them to specialize where they are relatively more productive. When the price of the exportable good increases (Cheese), this leads to an increase in real wages.
The solution is not to stop trade, but to allow them to increase their productivity (education, institutions, respect for the law, etc.).
Summary[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
The Ricardian model is the simplest model to explain how differences between countries can lead to trade gains.
Labour is the only factor of production and gains from trade are explained by differences in relative productivity between countries.
In the Ricardian model, a country will export the good in which it has a comparative advantage, and import the good in which it has a comparative disadvantage, even when it has an absolute advantage in the production of that imported good.
Gains to trade can be seen as :
Trade being a more productive indirect method of production...
An expansion of the countries' consumption possibilities
The distribution of gains to trade will depend on the difference between relative prices of autarky and relative prices of free trade.
The basic prediction of the Ricardian model that a country exports more of the good in which it has higher relative productivity (regardless of its absolute productivity) has been confirmed by a large number of studies.
Annexes[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
References[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
↑ Page personnelle de Federica Sbergami sur le site de l'Université de Genève
↑ Page personnelle de Federica Sbergami sur le site de l'Université de Neuchâtel
↑ Page personnelle de Federica Sbergami sur Research Gate
↑ Céline Carrère - Faculté d'économie et de management - UNIGE
↑ Céline Carrère - Google Scholar Citations
↑ Director Céline Carrère - Rectorat - UNIGE
↑ Céline Carrère | Sciences Po - Le Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire d'Evaluation des Politiques Publiques (LIEPP)
↑ Céline Carrere - EconPapers
↑ Céline Carrère's research works - ResearchGate
↑ Baumol, William J. and Alan S. Binder, 'Economics: Principles and Policy', p. 50
↑ Erreur Lua : impossible de créer le processus : proc_open n'est pas disponible. Vérifiez la directive de configuration PHP « disable_functions ».
↑ Wikipedia contributors. (2020, February 11). Comparative advantage. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:40, March 9, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparative_advantage
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Économie internationale
Céline Carrère
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