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Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Articles • Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 48 (4) • Dec 2012 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-82502012000400004 copy
Design and evaluation of lornoxicam bilayered tablets for biphasic release
Songa Ambedkar Sunil
Meka Venkata Srikanth
Nali Sreenivasa Rao
Sakamuri Balaji
Kolapalli Venkata Ramana Murthy
The objective of the present investigation was to develop bilayered tablets of lornoxicam to achieve biphasic release pattern. A bilayered tablet, consisting of an immediate and controlled release layer, was prepared by direct compression technique. The controlled release effect was achieved by using various hydrophilic natural, semi synthetic and synthetic controlled release polymers such as xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) to modulate the release of the drug. The in vitro drug release profiles showed the biphasic release behavior in which the immediate release (IR) layer containing the lornoxicam was released within 15 minutes, whereas the controlled release (CR) layer controlled the drug release for up to 24 h. All the bilayered tablets formulated have followed the zero order release with non-Fickian diffusion controlled release mechanism after the initial burst release. FTIR studies revealed that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers used in the study. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed no significant difference in the cumulative amount of drug release after 15 min, but significant difference (p < 0.05) in the amount of drug released after 24 h from optimized formulations was observed. Based on the release kinetic parameters obtained, it can be concluded that xanthan gum polymer was suitable for providing a biphasic release of lornoxicam.
Lornoxicam; Lornoxicam; Bilayered tablet; Hydrophilic polymers; Hydrophilic polymers; Drugs
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver comprimidos bicamada de lornoxicam para atingir padrão de liberação bifásica. Preparou-se, por compressão direta, comprimido bicamada, consistindo de uma camada de liberação imediata e uma de liberação controlada. A liberação controlada foi obtida pelo uso de vários polímeros naturais hidrofílicos, semi-sintéticos e sintéticos, tais como goma xantana, hidroxipropilmetil celulose (HPMC) e óxido de polietileno (PEO) para modular a liberação do fármaco. Os perfis de liberação in vitro mostraram comportamento bifásico em que a camada de liberação imediata (IR) contendo lornoxicam foi liberada em 15 minutos, enquanto a camada de liberação controlada (CR) liberou o fármaco em mais de 24 horas, Todos os comprimidos bicamada formulados seguiram a liberação de ordem zero com mecanismo de liberação controlada por difusão não fickiana após a liberação inicial por erupção. Os estudos de FTIR revelaram que não há interação entre o fármaco e os polímeros utilizados no estudo. A análise estatística (ANOVA) não mostrou diferença significativa na quantidade acumulada de fármaco após 15 minutos de liberação, mas observou-se diferença significativa (p<0,05) na quantidade de fármaco liberado após 24 h nas formulações otimizadas. Com base nos parâmetros de cinética de liberação obtidos, pode-se concluir que a goma xantana foi adequada para se atingir liberação bifásica de lornoxicam.
Lornoxicam; Lornoxicam; Comprimido bicamada; Polímeros hidrofílicos; Polímeros hidrofílicos; Fármacos
Songa Ambedkar Sunil* * Correspondence: S. A. Sunil. A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India. E-mail: sunilsonga@gmail.com ; Meka Venkata Srikanth; Nali Sreenivasa Rao; Sakamuri Balaji; Kolapalli Venkata Ramana Murthy
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, India
Uniterms: Lornoxicam/bilayered tablet/development. Bilayered tablet/biphasic release. Hydrophilic polymers/use/drug release. Drugs/controlled release.
Uniterms: Lornoxicam/comprimido bicamada/desenvolvimento. Comprimido bicamada/liberação bifásica. Polímeros hidrofílicos/uso/liberação do fármaco. Fármacos/liberação controlada.
Biphasic drug delivery systems are designed to release the drug at two different rates or at two different time periods i.e. they are either quick/slow or slow/quick. A quick/slow release system provides an initial burst release of drug followed by a constant rate (ideally) of release over a defined period of time. This type of system is used primarily when maximum relief needs to be achieved quickly, and it is followed by a controlled release phase to avoid repeated administration. Whereas release from slow/quick is vice versa and it is obtained using multi-unit dosage forms or compression coated tablets for the treatment of those diseases that follow circadian rhythm (Kenneth et al., 2003). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antihypertensive, antihistaminic and anti-allergic agents (Maggi et al., 1999) are some classes of drugs suitable for design of bilayered (biphasic) drug delivery systems. Generally, conventional controlled release dosage forms provide delayed release of drug from the dosage form which leads to delay in attaining maximum therapeutic plasma levels immediately. To modify the release of the drug from these systems, the surface area exposed to a fluid can be restricted by the addition of barrier layers to one or both sides of the tablets (Colombo et al., 1990; Qiu et al.,1998; Chidambaram et al., 1998). There are several approaches reported to achieve biphasic drug delivery, like multi-particulate system (White et al., 1997; Morita et al., 2000), osmotic pump system (Botti et al., 2004; Li et al., 2004), pulsatile drug delivery system, compressed matrix core tablet (Eiji et al., 2000) and of these bilayered tablet system is a novel approach.
Previously, Luana Perioli et al., 2007 formulated a mucoadhesive bilayered tablet of flurbiprofen with sustained release for bucaal delivery. The first layer was responsible for retention on mucosa and the second layer for the buccal drug delivery. Remya et al., 2010 has developed a robust formulation of bilayered tablets containing ibuprofen and methocarbamol using povidone k-30 as binder. The main aim for formulation of these tablets was to attain the prolonged and repeat action of drug. Sunil Reddy et al., 2010 used the concept of bilayered technology to develop the tablets containing glimepride for immediate release using sodium starch glycolate as super disintegrant and metformin hydrochloride for sustained release by using Hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose as the matrix forming polymer, and PVPK-30 as binder. Ajit et al., 2009 designed a bilayer regioselective floating tablets to attain a biphasic release of atenolol and lovastatin to give immediate release of lovastatin and sustained release of atenolol.
Lornoxicam is NSAID of the oxicam class with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties which belongs to Biopharmaceutical Class II (Low solubility and high permeability). The bioavailability of lornoxicam is 90% - 100%. Because of its relatively short plasma half-life, 3-5 h (Neil et al., 1998), it is prescribed to take lornoxicam in divided daily doses either twice or thrice daily in order to maintain the therapeutic plasma concentration. These characteristics make lornoxicam a suitable candidate for developing into bilayered tablet.
In the present study, it is aimed to design, develop and characterize a biphasic delivery dosage form as a bilayered tablet in which the immediate release by IR layer and controlled release by the CR layer using different hydrophilic polymers of synthetic (PEO), semisynthetic (HPMC) and natural (xanthan gum) origin.
Lornoxicam, a slightly soluble drug was obtained as gift sample from Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Mumbai, India. PEO WSR N 60K was purchased from Kemphasol Chemicals, Mumbai, India. HPMC was supplied by Colorcon (Orpington, UK) and Xanthan gum was purchased from M/s Girijan Co-operative Corporation,Visakhapatnam, India. Starch 1500 from Reidel Chem., Mumbai, India and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (povidone) was obtained from Lab. Chemi. Mumbai, India. All other chemicals used were of analytical grade.
Calculation of the controlled release dose
As per the zero order release principle, the rate of delivery must be independent of the amount of drug remaining in the dosage form and constant over time. The release from the dosage form should follow zero order kinetics, as shown by the following Equation 1:
where K0 is the zero order rate constant for drug release (amount/time), ke is the first order rate constant of overall drug elimination (h-1), Cp is the desired plasma drug level (amount/volume), and Vd is the volume of drug distributed (Wai-Yip et al., 2000). If the elimination half-life of lornoxicam is 3-5 h (ke = 0.693/4.0), Cp is 0.28 mg/L (Neil et al., 1998), and Vd is 10.5 L, then K0 is 0.5093 mg/h. For a system in which the maintenance dose releases the drug by a zero order process for a specified period of time, the total dose is as follows:
where DI is the initial dose, K0 is the zero order rate Constant, tp is the time of the peak drug level and td is the total time desired for controlled release from single dose (i.e. 24 h). If the maintenance dose begins to release the drug at the time of dosing (t = 0), it will add to that which is provided by the initial dose, thus increasing the initial drug level. In this case, a correction factor is needed (K0 tp) to account for the added drug from the maintenance dose. This correction factor is the amount of drug provided during the period from t = 0 to the time of the peak drug level, tp. If DI is 3.24 mg, K0is 0.5093 mg/h, tp is 1.5 h, and td is 24 h, then as per Equation 2 the total dose would be 15.46 mg of lornoxicam. From the above calculations total dose obtained for controlled release of lornoxicam for 24 h is 15.46 mg. The total dose was rounded to 15.5 mg for the convenience.
Preparation and characterization of bilayer tablets
The dose in the formulation for IR tablet was 3.25 mg and the maintenance dose or CR dose (12.25 mg) of lornoxicam was calculated as per above given formula in Equation 2.
Formulation of the immediate release layer
The IR layer was prepared by passing the accurately weighed drug, starch 1500 and 5% PVP as a dry binder through # 40 (420 µm ASTM) as per the formulae given in Table I. The sieved blend was transferred to a poly bag and mixed for 5 minutes. The obtained blend was lubricated for 2 minutes with magnesium stearate and brilliant lake red passed thorough # 60 (250 µm ASTM) and # 100 (150 µm ASTM) respectively. Brilliant lake red was added to differentiate the IR layer from the CR layer.
Formulation of the controlled release layer
The CR layer was prepared by blending the drug and the controlled release polymer (PEO, HPMC K15M, Xanthan gum ) individually, uniformly along with diluent and PVP K30 as a dry binder in a ploy bag as per the formulae given in Table II after sifting them through # 40 (420 µm). The resulting blend was lubricated with talc and magnesium stearate passed through # 60 (250 µm).
Precompression studies of the prepared blend to be compressed into a tablet
Prior to the compression of the formulation blends into tablets, flow properties of the powders should be determined to check its suitability for compression.
Angle of repose (AR), compressibility Index (CI) and Hausner's ratio (HR) were used to characterize flow properties of the blends. The flowability of a powder is of critical importance in the production of pharmaceutical dosage forms in order to reduce dose variations (Kulkarni et al., 2010; Fahmy et al., 2008; Amidon et al., 2009; USP32-NF27, 2009; Kulkarni et al., 2010; Bhise et al., 2008; Shah et al., 2008).
Bulk density of a powder is the ratio of the mass of the powder to the volume occupied by the loose powder bed. The unit volume includes the spaces between the particles and the envelope volumes of the particles themselves.
An amount of powder equivalent to 15 g was accurately weighed and placed in a 50 mL volumetric cylinder without compaction and the volume occupied was measured and the initial bulk density was calculated by the following equation. Each experiment was performed in triplicate and calculated using Equation 3.
where, ρbulk = bulk density, M = mass of the powder and Vbulk = Initial volume of powder
Tapped density
Tapped density of a powder is the ratio of the mass of the powder to the volume occupied by the powder after a fixed number of taps (100). The tapped density of a powder represents its random dense packing.
An amount of each powder of 15 g was accurately weighed and placed in a 50 mL volumetric cylinder. Then the cylinder was tapped by raising it to a height of 12-14 mm and then allowing it to fall under its own weight. The final volume was recorded and the final tapped density was calculated by the following Equation 4. Each experiment was performed in triplicate.
where, ρtap = tapped density, M = mass of the powder and Vtap = Volume of powder on tapping
The bulk and tapped densities were used to calculate the CI and the HR.
Carr's compressibility index
Carr's compressibility index (CI) of the powder was found by using the following Equation 5.
CI value can reflect the ease of powder consolidation. A higher CI values indicates its poor flow.
Hausner's ratio
The powder's Hausner's ratio (HR) is expressed as HR value reflects inter particulate friction. A high HR value means poor flow calculated using Equation 6.
Angle of repose (AR) has been used as an indirect method of quantifying powder flowability. AR for the blend of each formulation was determined by the fixed funnel method.
A glass funnel was secured with its tip positioned at a fixed height (h) above a graph paper placed on a horizontal surface. The powders were carefully poured through the funnel until the apex of the conical pile so formed just touched the tip of the funnel. The mean radius (r) of the base of the powder cone was determined and the AR (θ) was calculated as follows:
where, h = height of the conical pile and r = radius of the conical pile.
The procedure was done in triplicate and the average AR was calculated for each powder. AR is a characteristic property related to inter particulate friction or resistance to movement between particles. A general scale of powder flow using the CI, HR and AR are given in Table III.
Compression of the bilayer tablet
Initially the die was filled with CR blend and precompressed using 16 station, single rotary tablet compression machine (Cadmach Machinery Co.Pvt. Ltd., India) equipped with 6 mm round concave punches. Upon this precompressed CR layer, weighed quantity of IR blend was transferred manually followed by compression obtaining a bilayered tablet having hardness in the range of 6-8 kgcm-2.
Evaluation of bilayered tablets
The prepared bilayered tablets were subjected to quality control tests such as uniformity of weight, friability test, hardness, drug content and in vitro dissolution studies.
Uniformity of weight
According to Indian Pharmacopoeia (I.P.) (IP2007, 2008), 20 tablets were selected at random, weighed together and then individually. The mean and the standard deviation were determined.
Prepared tablets complies the test if not more than two of the individual weights deviate from the average weight (>250 mg) by more than the percentage (5%) and none deviate more than twice that percentage.
Friability
The friability test (IP2007, 2008) was carried out in dual chamber friabilator (Electrolab, India). Tablets equivalent to 6.5 g were weighed (W0) initially and put in a rotating drum. Then, they were subjected to 100 falls of 6 inches height (25 rpm for four min). After completion of rotations, the tablets were dedusted by using camel hair brush and weighed (W). The percent loss in weight or friability was calculated by the formula given below.
Hardness (Banker et al., 2009)
Tablets should be sufficiently hard to resist breaking during normal handling and yet soft enough to disintegrate properly after swallowing. Five tablets were randomly selected and the hardness of each tablet was measured using Monsanto hardness tester. The mean hardness was determined and expressed in kgcm-2.
Determination of drug content
From each batch of prepared tablets, 10 tablets were randomly collected and powdered (IP2007, 2008). Powder equivalent to 15.46 mg of lornoxicam was weighed accurately from each batch and were transferred separately to a 100 mL volumetric flask. Volume was made up to 100 mL with pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and subjected for vortex mixing and sonication for dissolving the drug. Appropriate dilutions were made with pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and the amount of lornoxicam was analyzed using a validated method at 378 nm using a double beam UV/visible spectrophotometer (Elico Ind Ltd, India) (Bettini et al., 2001). The drug content was calculated using Equation 8.
In vitro dissolution study
The in vitro release tests were performed using LABINDIA, Disso 2000, according to the US Pharmacopoeia 27, the compressed bilayered tablets were introduced into dissolution medium. A 900 mL of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 was used as dissolution medium, rotational speed of the paddle was set at 50 rpm at 37 ± 0.5 ºC. Aliquots (5 mL each) were withdrawn at predetermined time intervals by means of a syringe fitted with a 0.45 µm pre-filter and immediately replaced with 5 mL of fresh medium maintained at 37±0.5 ºC. The samples were analyzed for lornoxicam at 378 nm using a double beam UV/visible spectrophotometer (Elico Ind Ltd, India). All the dissolution experiments were carried out in triplicate.
Release kinetics
The analysis of drug release mechanism from a pharmaceutical dosage form is an important but complicated process and is practically evident in the case of matrix systems. As a model-dependent approach, the dissolution data was fitted to five popular release models such as zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixon-Crowel and Korsmeyer Peppas equations. The order of drug release from matrix systems was described by using zero order kinetics or first orders kinetics and the mechanism of drug release by using Higuchi and Hixon-Crowel equation.
Zero order release kinetics is (Lazarus et al., 1961) defined as a linear relationship between the fractions of drug released versus time. A plot of the fraction of drug released against time will be linear if the release obeys zero order release kinetics. It is given by Equation 9 below:
where, Q is the fraction of drug released at time t and k0 is the zero order release rate constant.
In first order release kinetics (Wagner et al., 1969) Wagner assumed that the exposed surface area of a tablet decreased exponentially with time during dissolution process, this suggests that drug release from most of the slow release tablets could be described adequately by apparent first-order kinetics. First order kinetics is defined by Equation 10 below:
where, Q is the fraction of drug released at time t and k1 is the first order release rate constant. Thus, a plot of the logarithm of the fraction of drug remained against time will be linear if the release obeys first order release kinetics.
Higuchi equation (Higuchi et al., 1963) defines a linear dependence of the active fraction released per unit of surface (Q) on the square root of time. It is defined by Equation 11 below:
where, k2 is the release rate constant. Hence, a plot of the fraction of drug released against square root of time will be linear if the release obeys Higuchi equation. This equation describes drug release as a diffusion process based on the Fick's law, square root time dependent.
Erosion equation (Korsmeyer et al.,1983) defines the drug release based on tablet erosion alone (See Equation 12).
where, Q is the fraction of drug released at time t, K3 is the release rate constant. Thus, a plot between [1-(1-Q)1/3 ] against time will be linear if the release obeys erosion equation.
In order find out the mechanism of drug release, first 60% drug release data were fitted in Korsmeyer Peppas model in Equation13
where Mt / M8 is a fraction of drug released at time, t, K4 is the release rate constant and n is the release exponent. The n value is used to characterize different release for cylindrical shaped matrices. For the case of cylindrical tablets, 0.45 = n corresponds to a Fickian diffusion mechanism, 0.45 < n < 0.89 to non-Fickian transport, n = 0.89 to Case II (relaxational) transport, and n > 0.89 to super case II transport (Peppas et al., 1985).
Infrared spectroscopy was conducted using a Shimadzu FTIR 8300 Spectrophotometer and the spectrum was recorded in the region of 4000 to 400 cm-1. The procedure consisted of dispersing a sample (drug and drug resinate mixture, 1:1 ratio) in KBr (200-400 mg) and compressing into discs by applying a pressure of 5 tons for 5 min in a hydraulic press. The pellet was placed in the light path and the spectrum was obtained. Spectra were recorded in duplicate for each of sample.
Powder flow properties are the important parameters which are crucial in processing operations such as mixing, flow of blend from hoppers to the turret for compression. One of the major problems encountered with these poor flowing powders in pharmaceutical industry is inconsistent and uniform flow from the hoppers. The angle of repose of the all blends (F1 to F9) was found to be < 25º indicating excellent properties. The Carr's index and Hausner's ratio of the all blends was found to be < 20 % and 1.20-1.25 indicating good flow properties. Blend of all the batches used for compression of core tablets exhibited good flow and compression properties as the excipients used for the formulations were of directly compressible grade. The results in Table IV had shown that the direct compression method can be used for the compression of tablets.
The physical attributes of the tablet were found to be satisfactory. Typical tablet defects, such as capping, chipping, and picking, were not observed. Tablet properties like weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability and drug content of each batch was represented in Table V. All batches passed the weight variation test and found to be within range (±7.5%). Friability of all batches were found less than 1% and indicates that tablet surfaces are strong enough to withstand mechanical shock or attrition during storage and transportation and until they are consumed. Hardness of the tablet was found to be 6.5-7.5 kgcm-2. Thickness and diameter were found to be fixed during the compression cycle; values were 3.5 mm, and 6 mm, respectively. Drug content of all batches was found within the limit (90-110%). Low s.d. values in drug content indicated uniformity of drug distribution in all the prepared tablets. Thus, the prepared bilayered tablets of lornoxicam were found to be of good quality fulfilling all the official compendia for tablets.
Bilayered tablets were developed using different retarding polymers (PEO WSR N60K, HPMC K 15 M and Xanthan gum) in different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% w/w). More than 99% of the drug was released from all the tablets. The polyether chains present in PEO can form strong hydrogen bonds upon contact with water and therefore, when solid matrices brought into contact with an aqueous medium, the polymer tends to hydrate, forming a superficial gel which eventually erodes as the polymer dissolves. As the polymer dissolves the fresh surfaces are exposed to the dissolution medium, only once the gel layer is formed it starts controlling the diffusion of the polymer (Petrovic et al., 2009). The tablets F1, F2 and F3 prepared with PEO released more than 99% of the drug in 5 hrs, 8 hrs and 11 hrs respectively. F4, F5 and F6 formulations with HPMC as retarding polymer released more than 99% of the drug at the end of 5 hrs, 11 hrs and 16 hrs respectively. The results have also shown that the presence of more polymer at the surface resulted in instant formation of a gel layer upon contact with medium, which prevented initial burst of drug release. This supports Pham et al, (1994) observation that for relatively water insoluble drugs and/or lower viscosity grades of HPMC, polymer dissolution plays an important role in regulating drug release.
When xanthan gun was used in formulations F7, F8 and F9, maximum drug release was observed in 5 h, 16 h and 24 h respectively. Formulation F9 prepared with xanthan gum as a rate retarding polymer was selected as the optimized formulation keeping in view the minimum amount of xanthan gum required to control the release for a period of 24 h. From all the formulations it was observed that, loading dose of the lornoxicam was released from the IR layer within the first 15 min of the dissolution study. Further release of lornoxicam was studied for 24 hours. Respective dissolution profiles of all the formulations are given in Figure 1
All the polymers used in the study are hydrophilic but the difference in the percentage drug release was due to the swelling nature of the polymers. Higher the swelling nature of the polymer, higher was the ability to retard the drug release. As the concentration of the polymer was increased the % drug release decreased for all the polymers. The order of retarding capacity of the polymers was in the following order xanthan gum>HPMC K 15 M>PEO N 60K, which also states that the swelling capacity of xanthan gum was more than the other polymers.
The drug release of lornoxicam from all the formulations F1 to F9 followed zero order kinetics which was indicated by higher 'r' values of zero order release model, when compared to those of first order release model. The 'r' values ranged from 0.9463 - 0.9936 and the rate order values are shown in Table VI.
The relative contributions of drug diffusion and erosion to drug release were further confirmed by subjecting the dissolution data to Higuchi model and Hixon Crowell model. Release of the drug from a matrix tablet containing hydrophilic polymers generally involves diffusion. It was found that all the formulations F1 to F9 followed diffusion mechanism as the 'r' values (0.9527 to 0.9942) were higher than for erosion release. The 'n' value for the diffusion release observed was less than 0.5 indicated that all the formulations Non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. All the formulations F1 to F9 followed Zero order release with Non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The desired targeted release 24 hrs was achieved by formulation F9 which was prepared by using Xanthan gum in (1:1.5) ration of drug and polymer and also as the polymer is of natural origin which is of great advantageous over synthetic polymers (PEO WSR N60K) and semi synthetic polymers (HPMC K 15M), it is considered as the best formulation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference in the amount of drug released after 15 min for all the formulations, whereas significant differences (p<0.05) was observed for optimized formulations when compared to the other formulations after 24 h.
Pure lornoxicam spectra showed characteristic peaks at 3090.31 cm-1 (C-H stretching for hetero aromatic functional group), 1596.79 cm-1 (N-H bending group), 1643.29 cm-1 (C=O stretching). as shown in Figure 2.
Optimized formulations F9 also exhibited the characteristic peaks of lornoxicam with no additional peaks observed in the spectra, indicating retention of chemical identity of lornoxicam. However, intensity of peaks corresponding to the drug was reduced or broadened in the optimized formulations possibly due to the mixing of other excipients as shown in Figure 3. The FTIR spectra data confirmed that xanthan gum did not alter the performance characteristics indicating their compatibility of the drug.
There is no controlled release tablet or bilayered tablet marketed dosage form of lornoxicam, there is only immediate release tablet available which cannot fulfill the criteria to treat chronic pain. This is possible by formulating a biphasic release system which was achieved by bilayered tablet characterized by an initial rapid release by the IR layer followed by controlled release of drug from CR layer of bilayered tablet from the optimized formulation F9 which consists of xanthan gum a natural polymer used in 1:1.5 ratio of drug and polymer ratio. This result obtained was encouraging as xanthan gum has prolonged the release for 24 hrs which is natural in origin. Drug release is dependent on both the type and amount of polymer in the tablet. This biphasic release surmount the major disadvantages of controlled release matrix tablets by providing an additional initial burst release (i.e. loading dose form the IR layer) within 15 min followed by a constant release from controlled release layer over a defined period of time. In the light of the above, it can be concluded that bilayer tablet technology can be significantly used for the treatment of chronic diseases caused by pain.
Received for publication on 02nd July 2011
Accepted for publication on 13th July 2012
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MORITA, R.; HONDA, R.; TAKAHASHI, Y. Development of oral controlled release preparations, a PVA swelling controlled release system (SCRS) - I. Design of SCRS and its release controlling factor. J. Control. Release, v.63, p.297-304, 2000.
NEIL, M.S.; NEAL, M.D. Clinical pharmacokinetics of lornoxicam a short half-life oxicam. Clin. Pharmacokinet, v.34, p.421-428, 1998.
PEPPAS, N.A. Analysis of Fickian and non-Fickian drug release from polymers. Pharm. Acta. Helv., v.60, p.110-111, 1985.
PERIOLI, L.; AMBROGI, V.; GIOVAGNOLI, S.; RICCI, M.; BLASI, P.; ROSSI, C. Mucoadhesive bilayered tablets for buccal sustained release of flurbiprofen. AAPS Pharm.Sci.Tech., v.8, p.E1-E8, 2007.
PETROVIC, J.; IBRIC, S.; BETZ, G.; PAROJCIC, J.; DURIC, Z. Application of dynamic neural networks in the modeling of drug release from polyethylene oxide matrix tablets. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci, v.38, p.172-180, 2009.
PHARM, A.T.; LEE, P.I. Probing the mechanism of drug release from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose matrices. Pharm. Res v.11, p.1379-1384, 1994.
QIU, Y.; CHIDAMBARAM, N.; FLOOD, K. Design and evaluation of layered diffusional matrices for zero-order sustained release. J. Control. Release, v.51, p.23-130, 1998.
REMYA, P.N.; DAMODHARAN, N.; SULAKSHAN KUMAR, C.V. Formulation and evaluation of bilayered tablets of ibuprofen and methocarbamol. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res., v.2, p.1250-1255, 2010.
SHAH, R.B.; TAWAKKUL, M.A.; KHAN, M.A. Comparative evaluation of flow for pharmaceutical powders and granules. AAPS Pharm.Sci.Tech., v.9, p.250-258, 2008.
SUNIL, R.; PAVAN KUMAR, P.; RAJANARAYANA, K.; MADHUSUDAN RAO, Y. Formulation and release characteristic of a bilayer matrix tablet containing glimepride immediate release component and metformin hydrochloride as sustained release component. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Nanotech., v.3, p.851-859., 2010.
UNITED STATES PHARMACOPOEIA 32. NATIONAL FORMULARY 27. Powder flow. Rockville: United States Pharmacopeial Convention Inc., 2012. v.1, p.801-804.
WAGNER, J.G. Interpretation of percent dissolved-time plots derived from In vitro testing of conventional tablets and capsules. J. Pharm. Sci., v.58, p.1253-1257, 1969.
WAI-YIP, L.T.; ROBINSON, R.J. Controlled drug delivery systems. In: GENNARO, A.R., (Ed.). Remington: the science and practice of pharmacy. 20.ed. Philadelphia: University of Sciences in Philadelphia, 2000. p.903-929.
WHITE, W.B.; MEHROTRA, D.V.; BLACK, H.R.; FAKOUHI, T.D. Effects of controlled-onset extended-release verapamil on nocturnal blood pressure (dippers versus nondippers). Am. J. Cardiol., v.80, p.469-474, 1997.
Correspondence: S. A. Sunil. A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India. E-mail:
sunilsonga@gmail.com
Figures | Tables | Formulas
Formulas (13)
Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, n. 580, 05508-000 S. Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 3091-3824 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjps@usp.br


We've published our Autumn 2013 Bulletin.
This entry was posted in Cricket Green Conservation Area and tagged Bulletin on September 7, 2013 by mitchamcricketgreen.
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Ali concerned about Iran's Quds force retaliatory strike
Dec 9, 2020 The Hill
"Beyond the operations in the Middle East, there is the potential for the Quds Force to consider attacks against U.S. or Israeli targets in other parts of the world," Ali writes. "As history has shown with Iran, any action the supreme leader takes...
Ford School faculty's national security expertise featured in The Hill
The Hill recently featured Ford School faculty expertise on domestic and international security and counterterrorism. Javed Ali, Towsley Policymaker in Residence at the Ford School, discusses domestic terrorism and the United States' role in Iranian...
Javed Ali speaks with CBS News about Iran relations
Early this week Iran said it had detained 17 suspected CIA spies, declaring they would be sentenced to death. The U.S. denies these claims. Javed Ali, Towsley Policymaker in Residence at the Ford School, spoke about the credibility of Iran's claims...
Ali authors warning of Iran's asymmetric threat capabilities
With tensions on the rise between the United States and Iran, experts predict that the period of conflict will not have a swift conclusion. Among those voicing their perspectives is Towsley Policymaker in Residence Javed Ali, along with his...
William G. Rich says U.S. sanctions on Iran should have banks investing in cybersecurity
With the imminent threat of re-imposing sanctions on Iran, Ford School alumnus William G. Rich (MPP '09) says U.S. banks should buckle down on security—cybersecurity, that is. In his October 25, 2018, op-ed for Bloomberg, Rich details the danger...
Raimi asks if "energy dominance," an emerging catchphrase, is the right goal for U.S. policy
In a new Conversation piece, "Is 'energy dominance' the right goal for U.S. policy?," Daniel Raimi explores a catchphrase that has recently made its way from DC to a number of states across the nation: "American energy dominance." Raimi describes...
Michigan News release: Axelrod on "the blame game" for measuring cyber attack response
Whether a nation should retaliate against a cyber attack is a complicated decision, and a new framework guided by game theory could help policymakers determine the best strategy. The "Blame Game" was developed in part by Robert Axelrod, a...
Axelrod publishes study on strategic aspects of cyberattack, attribution and blame
A new study by Benjamin Edwards, Alexander Furnas, Stephanie Forrest, and Robert Axelrod, titled "Strategic aspects of cyberattack, attribution and blame" was published on February 27 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of...
Spoilers to stability: Bob Axelrod discusses threats to the Iranian nuclear deal
This April, Bob Axelrod was invited to attend a closed-door workshop at Oxford University's Centre for the Resolution of Intractable Conflict. The focus: The 2015 nuclear deal with Iran. One year ago, the U.S. and other powerful nations forged an...
Michigan Journal of Public Affairs publishes 2016 volume on constitutional rights, freedoms
The editorial board of the Michigan Journal of Public Affairs (MJPA) is pleased to announce the 2016 edition and thirteenth volume of the student-run journal of the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy.This year's call for papers established the...
Greetings from the Dean
Dear Alumni and Friends, First, I'm thrilled to report that the Ford School is featured in a new segment of Out of the Blue—now airing across the U.S. on the Big Ten Network. The program showcases the Ford School's highly-regarded "Applied Policy...
Conversations Across Differences, Weiser Diplomacy Center Series
The U.S., Iran, and Security in the Persian Gulf
Nov 21, 2019, 4:00-5:30 pm EST
Annenberg Auditorium
The Weiser Diplomacy Center is partnering with the American Academy of Diplomacy to bring seasoned U.S. diplomats to Ford School and discuss the U.S., Iran and Security in Persian Gulf.
Nuclear Technology: The Power and the Peril
Oct 10, 2013, 5:00-7:00 pm EDT
Weill Hall
Nuclear power is the primary carbon-free energy source technically capable of meeting the world's electricity needs. But current reactors use and generate special nuclear material that can be used for making nuclear weapons. Is it possible to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and simultaneously develop peaceful nuclear power technologies? At the Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy Panel Discussion, experts will describe and integrate technical and policy aspects of the nuclear power and nuclear nonproliferation problem.
Explaining the Iran Deal
Sep 2, 2015, 1:00-2:30 pm EDT
Weill Hall, Annenberg Auditorium
A presentation and Q&A on the Iran deal featuring two White House officials, including one of the Administration's negotiators.From the speakers: This presentation will lay out the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action negotiated between six major world powers and Iran after nearly two years of highly technical and painstaking sessions. Presenters include Paul Irwin, one of the negotiators, who will detail what the deal does and how it addresses international concerns about Iran's nuclear program, and Matt Nosanchuk, Associate Director for Public Engagement and Liaison to the American Jewish Community and on International Issues, and a native Detroiter.
From conflict to dialogue: The shifting relationship between the U.S., Saudi Arabia, and Iran
Nov 15, 2021 1:29:00
Will the U.S. and Iran find common ground on the JCPOA, and if so, how? What can we expect of the Saudi-Iranian de-escalation efforts? How do domestic politics in Saudi Arabia, the U.S. and Iran play a role in making (or not making) a deal?
Paul Irwin and Matt Nosanchuk: Explaining the Iran Deal
Sep 2, 2015 1:28:12
Paul Irwin and Matt Nosanchuk lay out the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action negotiated between six major world powers and Iran. September, 2015.
The U.S., Iran, and Security in the Persian Gulf panel
Ronald E. Neumann, Jerry Feierstein and Deborah A. McCarthy discuss the United States, Iran, and security issues in the Persian Gulf. This event is a part of our Weiser Diplomacy Center Launch Series. November, 2019.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I've always been a backpack person. Maybe, because I'm a mom of 3 boys and need my hands free. It's my go to when I'm headed out with the kids to a museum, park, shopping, etc. The problem is most backpacks are too large or not visually appealing. I've been looking for something smaller that can carry the essentials (phone, keys, wallet) but with a modern look. With no luck I decided it was time to create my kind of backpack and Dritz products make this easy to do. Get the details below on how to make your own bucket backpack with a draw string closure and adjustable straps.
All pieces are cut from the vinyl. I even made my own strap and drawstring strap to match everything.
2 main pieces: 12" x 12"
2 bottom tabs: 2" x 1"
1 strap: 28" x 2"
* 1/4" seam allowance unless stated otherwise.
Fold the tab pieces over the rectangle rings.
Place them 3.5" up from the bottom of the main piece on both sides.
You can baste stitch the tabs into place so they don't slide. Use Getta Grip Sewing Clips to hold them into place. These clips are great for heavy materials like vinyl. Pins are not strong enough and it won't make little holes in the fabric. Start at the top and sew the bottom of the square leaving the top open.
Use a grid ruler and mark a 3" square off at each bottom corner.
Cut the squares out. Their should be a good 1/2" between the tabs and the edge.
Fold the square so the seams match and clip or pin into place. I am pinning them just so you can see better in the photo.
Sew into place nesting the seam allowance so they're going in opposite directions.
Now for the eyelets. Mark 1" down from the top raw edge where you want your eyelets. I wanted 4 on both front and back so about a 2" spread between each other.
Use Dritz Eyelet pliers and cut 1/4" holes over the marks.
Then replace the set with the 1/4" attachments and secure the Large Eyelets into place.
Create straps by folding over the strip and top stitch along each edge.
Fold the straps in half to find the midpoint and use that point as the top of the flap for the back pack. Create a loop 2" above the backpack edge and clip into place.
Sew a rectangle to secure the straps about 1/2" down from the grommet eyelets.
Now create the drawstring strap by folding a 1/2" strip and top stitch the folded and raw edges into place. Weave in and out of the eyelet openings.
Place the straps through the adjustable slide buckles then through the rectangle rings. Secure them by going back through the buckles.
For the tassels I cut a square that measured 2" x 2" and cut little strips leaving a 1/4" border at the top. Then use a glue gun and wrap it around the end of the drawstring straps glueing as you go. You will want to do this after you have placed the straps in the eyelet openings. You can also use Dritz Tassle Caps which I plan to do next.
This is one of my favorite accessory projects to date. So far I've used it everyday since I made it last week. Try your own and let us know what you think.
It's really nice outfit I like it, willing to try it as soon as possible.
Really an wonderful tutorial this is.


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Investors in the EU can trade Samsung Electronics GDRs the same way they trade stocks listed on their local stock exchanges. Residents of other regions. Non-EU residents, excluding US residents, have no special limitations for trading Samsung Electronics GDRs listed on European stock exchanges.
With only 30,000 won (about $27 USD), Lee Byung-chull started Samsung on March 1 in 1938, as a trading company based in Taegu, Korea. The small company of only 40 employees started as a grocery store, trading and exporting goods produced in and around the city, like dried Korean fish and vegetables, as well as its own noodles.


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Celtic youths
Celts in management
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Ajax, Inter, Benfica and RB Salzburg join Celtic in Europa League draw
Date: 10th December 2019 at 9:55pm
Written by: Joe McHugh
Ajax, Inter Milan, Benfica and RB Salzburg will join Celtic in Monday's (12 noon CPT) Round of 32 Europa League draw.
It was a night of drama in the Champions League with places up for grabs in the last 16 of the competition with the third placed teams dropping down to the secondary UEFA competition.
Ajax, semi-finalists last season were the biggest casualties as they lost 1-0 at home to Valencia with the Spanish side and Chelsea going forward to the knock-out phase.
The Dutch side will be one of the four Champions League sides joining Celtic in the seeded section of the draw but it won't be until Thursday evening that the make up of the draw will be determined.
The majority of the teams who finished third in their Champions League group and as such will drop into Europe's secondary football competition will be well backed in the betting markets.
Due to their performance in Europe last year, Ajax will be amongst the favourites in the Europa League now and if you fancy backing them you can check out the latest new betting sites offers and bonuses.
Celtic will also fancy their chances though and will have favourable odds to progress deep into the tournament.
Then there's one of the form teams in Europe, Inter Milan, with the Italians, against all odds, topping the Serie A table ahead of Juventus on goal difference as we head towards the winter break.
Inter lost at home to Barcelona tonight to trail behind the Catalans and Dortmund, Benfica beat Zenit 3-0 at home to edge them out of third place with RB Salzburg losing 2-0 at home to Liverpool to finish third behind the holders and Napoli.
The seeded clubs will play away from home on February 20 with the return leg the following week.
Celtic and Sevilla are the only Europa League sides guaranteed top spot with the hoops certain to field a shadow side away to Cluj on Thursday with the Romanians needing a point to go through ahead of Lazio.


text:
"""Helper functions for controller operation.

URL definition and browser redirection are defined here.

"""
import re
from webob.exc import status_map

import tg

from tg._compat import string_type, url_encode, unicode_text, bytes_
from tg.exceptions import HTTPFound
from tg.request_local import request, response, Response
from tg.configuration.utils import TGConfigError

def _smart_str(s):
    """
    Returns a bytestring version of 's', encoded as specified in 'encoding'.

    If strings_only is True, don't convert (some) non-string-like objects.

    This function was borrowed from Django.

    """
    if not isinstance(s, string_type):
        try:
            return bytes_(s)
        except UnicodeEncodeError:
            if isinstance(s, Exception):
                # An Exception subclass containing non-ASCII data that doesn't
                # know how to print itself properly. We shouldn't raise a
                # further exception.
                return ' '.join([_smart_str(arg).decode('utf-8') for arg in s.args]).encode('utf-8', 'strict')
            return unicode_text(s).encode('utf-8', 'strict')
    elif isinstance(s, unicode_text):
        return s.encode('utf-8', 'strict')
    else:
        return s

def _generate_smart_str(params):
    for key, value in params.items():
        if value is None:
            continue
        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            for item in value:
                yield _smart_str(key), _smart_str(item)
        else:
            yield _smart_str(key), _smart_str(value)

def _urlencode(params):
    """
    A version of Python's urllib.urlencode() function that can operate on
    unicode strings. The parameters are first case to UTF-8 encoded strings and
    then encoded as per normal.
    """
    return url_encode([i for i in _generate_smart_str(params)])

def _build_url(environ, base_url='/', params=None):
    if base_url.startswith('/'):
        base_url = environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] + base_url

    if params:
        return '?'.join((base_url, _urlencode(params)))

    return base_url

def url(base_url='/', params=None, qualified=False):
    """Generate an absolute URL that's specific to this application.

    The URL function takes a string (base_url) and, appends the
    SCRIPT_NAME and adds parameters for all of the
    parameters passed into the params dict.

    """
    if not isinstance(base_url, string_type) and hasattr(base_url, '__iter__'):
        base_url = '/'.join(base_url)

    req = tg.request._current_obj()
    base_url = _build_url(req.environ, base_url, params)
    if qualified:
        base_url = req.host_url + base_url

    return base_url

class LazyUrl(object):
    """
    Wraps tg.url in an object that enforces evaluation of the url
    only when you try to display it as a string.
    """

    def __init__(self, base_url, params=None):
        self.base_url = base_url
        self.params = params
        self._decoded = None

    @property
    def _id(self):
        if self._decoded == None:
            self._decoded = url(self.base_url, params=self.params)
        return self._decoded

    @property
    def id(self):
        return self._id

    def __repr__(self):
        return self._id

    def __html__(self):
        return str(self)

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self._id)

    def encode(self, *args, **kw):
        return self._id.encode(*args, **kw)

    def __add__(self, other):
        return self._id + other

    def __radd__(self, other):
        return other + self._id

    def startswith(self, *args, **kw):
        return self._id.startswith(*args, **kw)

    def format(self, other):
        return self._id.format(other)

    def __json__(self):
        return str(self)

def lurl(base_url=None, params=None):
    """
    Like tg.url but is lazily evaluated.

    This is useful when creating global variables as no
    request is in place.

    As without a request it wouldn't be possible
    to correctly calculate the url using the SCRIPT_NAME
    this demands the url resolution to when it is
    displayed for the first time.
    """
    return LazyUrl(base_url, params)

def redirect(base_url='/', params={}, redirect_with=HTTPFound, **kwargs):
    """Generate an HTTP redirect.

    The function raises an exception internally,
    which is handled by the framework. The URL may be either absolute (e.g.
    http://example.com or /myfile.html) or relative. Relative URLs are
    automatically converted to absolute URLs. Parameters may be specified,
    which are appended to the URL. This causes an external redirect via the
    browser; if the request is POST, the browser will issue GET for the
    second request.
    """

    if kwargs:
        params = params.copy()
        params.update(kwargs)

    new_url = url(base_url, params=params)
    raise redirect_with(location=new_url)

IF_NONE_MATCH = re.compile('(?:W/)?(?:"([^"]*)",?\s*)')
def etag_cache(key=None):
    """Use the HTTP Entity Tag cache for Browser side caching

    If a "If-None-Match" header is found, and equivilant to ``key``,
    then a ``304`` HTTP message will be returned with the ETag to tell
    the browser that it should use its current cache of the page.

    Otherwise, the ETag header will be added to the response headers.
    """
    if_none_matches = IF_NONE_MATCH.findall(tg.request.environ.get('HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH', ''))
    response = tg.response._current_obj()
    response.headers['ETag'] = '"%s"' % key
    if str(key) in if_none_matches:
        response.headers.pop('Content-Type', None)
        response.headers.pop('Cache-Control', None)
        response.headers.pop('Pragma', None)
        raise status_map[304]()

def abort(status_code=None, detail="", headers=None, comment=None,
          passthrough=False, error_handler=False):
    """Aborts the request immediately by returning an HTTP exception

    In the event that the status_code is a 300 series error, the detail
    attribute will be used as the Location header should one not be
    specified in the headers attribute.

    **passthrough**
        When ``True`` instead of displaying the custom error
        document for errors or the authentication page for
        failed authorizations the response will just pass
        through as is.

        Set to ``"json"`` to send out the response body in
        JSON format.

    **error_handler**
        When ``True`` instead of immediately abort the request
        it will create a callable that can be used as ``@validate``
        error_handler.

        A common case is ``abort(404, error_handler=True)`` as
        ``error_handler`` for validation that retrieves objects
        from database::

            from formencode.validators import Wrapper

            @validate({'team': Wrapper(to_python=lambda value:
                                        Group.query.find({'group_name': value}).one())},
                      error_handler=abort(404, error_handler=True))
            def view_team(self, team):
                return dict(team=team)

    """
    exc = status_map[status_code](detail=detail, headers=headers,
                                  comment=comment)

    if passthrough == 'json':
        exc.content_type = 'application/json'
        exc.charset = 'utf-8'
        exc.body = tg.json_encode(dict(status=status_code,
                                       detail=str(exc))).encode('utf-8')

    def _abortion(*args, **kwargs):
        if passthrough:
            tg.request.environ['tg.status_code_redirect'] = False
            tg.request.environ['tg.skip_auth_challenge'] = False
        raise exc

    if error_handler is False:
        return _abortion()
    else:
        return _abortion

def use_wsgi_app(wsgi_app):
    return tg.request.get_response(wsgi_app)

def auth_force_login(user_name):
    """Forces user login if authentication is enabled.

    As TurboGears identifies users by ``user_name`` the passed parameter should
    be anything your application declares being the ``user_name`` field in models.

    """
    req = request._current_obj()
    resp = response._current_obj()

    api = req.environ.get('repoze.who.api')
    if api:
        authentication_plugins = req.environ['repoze.who.plugins']
        try:
            identifier = authentication_plugins['main_identifier']
        except KeyError:
            raise TGConfigError('No repoze.who plugin registered as "main_identifier"')

        resp.headers.extend(api.remember({
            'repoze.who.userid': user_name,
            'identifier': identifier
        }))

def auth_force_logout():
    """Forces user logout if authentication is enabled."""
    req = request._current_obj()
    resp = response._current_obj()

    api = req.environ.get('repoze.who.api')
    if api:
        resp.headers.extend(api.forget())

def validation_errors_response(*args, **kwargs):
    """Returns a :class:`.Response` object with validation errors.

    The response will be created with a *412 Precondition Failed*
    status code and errors are reported in JSON format as response body.

    Typical usage is as ``error_handler`` for JSON based api::

        @expose('json')
        @validate({'display_name': validators.NotEmpty(),
                   'group_name': validators.NotEmpty()},
                  error_handler=validation_errors_response)
        def post(self, **params):
            group = Group(**params)
            return dict(group=group)

    """
    req = request._current_obj()
    errors = dict(((str(key), str(error)) for key, error in req.validation.errors.items()))
    values = req.validation['values']
    try:
        return Response(status=412, json_body={'errors': errors,
                                               'values': values})
    except TypeError:
        # values cannot be encoded to JSON, this might happen after
        # validation passed and validators converted them to complex objects.
        # In this case use request params, instead of controller params.
        return Response(status=412, json_body={'errors': errors,
                                               'values': req.args_params})

__all__ = ['url', 'lurl', 'redirect', 'etag_cache', 'abort', 'auth_force_logout',
           'auth_force_login', 'validation_errors_response', 'use_wsgi_app']

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hey, this is like Sunday Funnies in Prime Time or sumpin'. Well, Americans go to the polls tomorrow in the U.S. mid-term elections. But today they celebrate...the end of political attack ads.
They've been running for months now. And if some of the comments left on the blog here are any indication, my American buddies are sick and tired of all the mud-slinging. Some political cartoonists have picked up on this and I share with you some of the ones I've come across. Oh, and hey, and if you're south of the 49th parallel, don't forget to vote tomorrow!
The only things I think I'll miss are these hilarious cartoons.
"... and he's been called a WEASEL!"
Yeah... I'd say they're ALL weasels!
The sad thing is that all it ever achieves (with me) is the desire NOT to vote and to hide my head under a bushel.
00dozo: Yeah, I'm with you. Living in Canada our airwaves are still polluted from the ads on the American channels. Tomorrow can'r come fast enough.
Boom Boom: If you want to see a weasel Google Lee Atwater. I just saw a documentary about him "Boogieman: The King of Dirty Tricks" that covered how he operated to get Reagan and Bush Sr elected. Fascinating stuff.
Quirks: Oh no. You've gotta vote for one weasel or another. But I know how you feel. Here in Canada we like to say the Government has a hidden agenda. But at least they have one. Unfortunately, the Opposition hasn't any agenda.
Actually, I find the negative ads fairly useful (I'm being serious). Whichever candidate picks the most pointless and insignificant thing to attack his/her opponent with, that's the one I'm NOT voting for.
Here in California, there's a Senate race between Barbara Boxer(D) and Carly Fiorina(R). A Fiorina ad shows Boxer at a hearing chastising someone for referring to her as "Ma'am" instead of "Senator." Boxer says, "Excuse me, I'd prefer to be called Senator, rather than Ma'am. It's a title I feel that I've earned."
Okay, granted, this is not Barbara Boxer's finest moment and she comes off as a bit arrogant . . . but really. If that's the worst thing she's done, she's gotta be better than most politicians.
Plus, Fiorina looks and acts like a complete weasel.
UR: Ya see? Sometimes it's helpful to remain anonymous.
Chris: Too bad she didn't say "I prefer to be called Senator Weasel". But that'd be truth in advertising, wouldn't it?
Will be soooooo glad tomorrow is over! Between the phone, the tv and the radio, I'm past being certified nuts... I've even got Sarah Palin my phone. . .
KaLynn: I feel for you. I'm sure we Canadians have been exposed only to a small portion of what's been going on. And that's been more than enough!
If I don't see another ad or even a cartoon like these (while funny) I can't take it anymore!
Jayne: Vote early, vote often.
Jen: Hell, I can't even watch Game 5 of the World Series without being bombarded by them.


Heather Crosser is excited to be joining the Eduspire Solutions team as a project coordinator. Heather has a strong background in education. She has been an educational technology facilitator for the past five years and before that taught in the classroom for over a decade. She has a passion for empowering educators with innovative education. She's excited to bring her experiences and passion to her clients as her primary role will be to help them make the most use of their Eduspire Solutions products. Heather lives in Fort Collins, CO, and, when she isn't working, she loves getting out to explore nature.


text:
The Unique Platformer Eagle Island Is Now Available To PC Gamers Via The Steam Platform
Jul 11, 2019 Jeremy Green 0 comments 75
Credit: Pexelnicks via YouTube
There are so many great platformers that come out every year. They're a great change of pace from the more intense and action-packed first-person shooters of this generation. Their simple design is the reason why people love playing games like Super Mario Brothers and Donkey Kong.
For those who're a fan of this gaming genre, you'll be pleased to know that Eagle Island is now available on the Steam platform. This isn't your ordinary platformer, either. It's heavily inspired by falconry. For those of you who may not know, falconry is the sport of using a predator bird to hunt animals in the wild.
Where falconry comes into play for Eagle Island is your character has the ability to send a bird flying at enemies that come your way. It's a pretty interesting design that we haven't quite seen in a platformer before.
The visuals are pretty unique here as well. They have a retro pixelated style, which you'll enjoy looking at if you grew up with these more simple games. Despite having a simple design, Eagle Island still seems like a good time.
Right when you pick up the controls, you'll notice the bevy of colors. The game has so much visual personality that you won't want to leave this world, even after playing for hours.
As far as the story, it revolves around a young man that's heavily involved in falconry. One day, a giant eagle takes one of his precious birds named Koji. He is then forced to take his remaining owl and set off on an epic adventure to find his lost companion.
There are a total of 12 bosses that you'll encounter throughout the game's story. The enemy variety is decent and so is the enemy IQ. You'll have to be fast on your toes when fending off other birds.
The platforming mechanics have been dialed in quite nicely from the developers at Pixelnicks. It's clear they're very familiar with this particular genre and have a huge passion for it overall. Their levels are procedurally generated and you'll have three different modes to play.
The main story is quite good, but so is the speed run. It's certainly something to test out once you have a little more familiarity with this game's physics. If you're looking to experience a pretty decent story and some addicting, unique gameplay, Eagle Island may be just what you need to get through the weekend.
PIXELNICKS
PC/MACSTEAM
Another Call of Duty: Modern Warfare Multiplayer Mode Is Announced—Gunfight 2v2 Matches
Destiny 2 Exotic Weapons And Armor Vendor: Xur's Inventory And Location 7/12
Jul 12, 2019 Seb Bates 870
With every Friday comes Destiny 2 player's second favorite time of the week (right behind the weekly reset.) This is the day that Xur comes to the...
Rising Storm 2: Vietnam Is Now Free-to-play On Steam For A Limited Time
Jul 11, 2019 Harry Alston 1020
Rising Storm 2: Vietnam is a critically-acclaimed tactical shooter set during the Vietnam War. To celebrate the recent release of its Green Army Men...


What sunscreen is best for your skin?
It's time to talk about what ages our skin the most. Apart from our everyday stresses and environmental toxins, the sun is potent to our skin. It can do damage without us even realising it just by sitting next to an office window. Australia has also recently been awarded the title of having the highest rates of melanoma in the world. If you can already see the effects of pigmentation and ageing thanks to a day at the beach, can you imagine what that does beneath the surface? Find out what sunscreen is best for your skin below.
What are the different types of sunscreen? And what sunscreen is best for your skin?
It's as simple as Slip Slop Slap. You need to be wearing sunscreen every day to avoid the sun's harmful rays. But which products are best for the skin? There are two types of sunscreens, "chemical" sunscreens are organic (carbon-based) substances, while physical/mineral sunscreens are inorganic (non-carbon-based).
Chemical sunscreens often contain UVB-absorbing chemicals only; however, there are some chemical sunscreens that contain both UVB and UVA absorbers.Physical sunscreens act as a shield to deflect both UVA and UVB light and contain ingredients such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.
As well as blocking both UVB and UVA rays, physical sunscreen works from the minute you apply it. It is unlikely to irritate your skin, so if you are prone to sensitivity it may be your best option. It is also less likely to clog your pores!
Chemical sunscreen is more resistant to sweat and easier to apply. Unfortunately, it can lead to irritation and clog pores – if you suffer from acne, this is one to avoid. Once applied wait 20 minutes before going into the sun.
It's important to use a sunscreen that has high SPF ratings and broad spectrum protection. The higher the SPF the better! When possible, buy SPF 50. According to Michelle from lab Muffin Beauty Science, SPF 30 lets 3.3% UV into your skin, SPF 50 would let in 2%, so SPF 50 is actually 1.65 times more effective.
What else can you do to avoid the sun's harmful rays?
Get a spray tan of course!* These days, spray tans look like the real deal so why risk your health for a real tan? At Sea Beauty North Beach we use Aussie Bombshell Tan. It comes in a variety of shades and is an express formula, no need to sit around in your tan all day! Wait 2-3 hours depending on the depth of tan you prefer and wash it off.
Aussie Bombshell is Ecocert Certified Organic DHA and paraben free. It is also hypoallergenic and made in Australia!
Try Aussie Bombshell at our salon at North Beach and take advantage of our current Summer Special. Buy 4 spray tans for only $25 each (normally $40 each). Limited time only.
* It is important to note that you must still wear sunscreen with a spray tan when going out into the sun.


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Colloquium - Aravind Thyagarajan, NTT Research, Cryptography For Fast and Scalable Distributed Applications
Aravind Thyagarajan
https://iastate.zoom.us/j/97742259239
Distributed applications are settings where a set of mutually distrustful users interact and compute functions over their private inputs without any centralized trust. Such scenarios are abundant in the digital world, like cloud computing, privacy-preserving computation, and emerging technologies like Decentralized Finance (DeFi) applications, including blockchains, cryptocurrencies, etc. These new systems offer payment services where we do not require any trusted entity, such as a Bank or a Government, to make payments. Users seek security and privacy that ensures an attacker cannot learn unintended information from an honest user. They also desire (a) cryptographic fairness, which assures users of receiving their output if the attacker receives his, and (b) gametheoretic fairness, where a rational adversary has no incentive to harm honest users. Given their potential and their growing importance in mainstream society, numerous foundational and practical questions arise concerning security and fairness in these applications. My research amalgamates techniques from applied cryptography and game theory as part of a concerted effort by the community to address these questions. In this talk, I will highlight some key challenges for security and fairness in the specific case of DeFi applications and present a brief overview of my research that overcomes these challenges. The talk will then focus on the specific scenario of conditional asset transfers in DeFi systems, that is, user Alice transfers her assets to user Bob provided some condition external to the transfer itself is satisfied. Such conditional transfer of assets or payments is highly common in the real world and has several applications in the context of DeFi systems that are currently used in practice. However, current solutions seriously fall short in at least one or more of the following metrics: (1) privacy of users' information, (2) computation and economic costs borne by the users and the system,(3) scalability with the size of the system, and (4) compatibility across many DeFi systems.
I will present novel cryptographic solutions with provable security guarantees that solve all of the above pitfalls in specific conditional payment scenarios like payments based on real-life event outcomes. The solution is carefully set up with new cryptographic tools and techniques and offers high efficiency that is enough to be deployed in all major DeFi systems of today. Beyond DeFi systems, the cryptographic solution also unlocks new use cases in other distributed applications like sending messages to the future, and financial adjudication, among many others.
Sri AravindaKrishnan Thyagarajan (or shortly Aravind) is currently a Postdoc at NTT Research with Dr. Hoeteck Wee and was formerly a Postdoc at Carnegie Mellon University with Prof. Elaine Shi. He completed his Ph.D. in Computer Science at the University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Germany, with Prof. Dominique Schröder as his advisor in 2021. Before that, he finished his Masters in Science at Saarland University, Germany, in 2016. His primary research interest is in applied cryptography, where he develops new tools and techniques with sound theoretical foundations to solve security, privacy, fairness, and efficiency problems in distributed applications like distributed computing, blockchains, cryptocurrencies, and other multi-party computation scenarios. Several of his works have featured at top cryptography and security conferences like CRYPTO, Oakland IEEE S&P, ACM CCS, and NDSS.


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Premiere Works
Premiere Works/Concerts
Traditional Repertoire
Composer Competition
YO Schedule
MFC YO Registration
- Creative Directors
- Sponsors
- Praise
- Premiere Works
- Premiere Works/Concerts
- Commissioned Works
- Traditional Repertoire
- Discography
- Arts in Education
- Composer Competition
- YO Schedule
- MFC YO Registration
- Summer Program
Founded in 1984, Music From China is a New York based chamber group playing traditional Chinese instruments. Our styles range from mellow, tuneful classical and folk repertoire to cutting-edge compositions by today's composers.
Uniquely among Chinese music ensembles, Music From China has always made the championing of new music an essential part of our mission.
We see the performance and commissioning of contemporary works as an important way to continue the development of Chinese music and to expand the range and uses of our traditional instruments. Our annual Premiere Works concert series – held in New York at Carnegie Hall's Weill Recital Hall, Symphony Space or Merkin Concert Hall – is a highlight of the New York season and provides today's composers with a high-profile venue for their works to be heard.
Among the world's renowned composers, Music From China has commissioned or premiered works by Chen Yi, Bright Sheng, Zhou Long, Eric Moe, Huang Ruo, Lei Liang and Derek Bermel.
Our annual International Composition Competition also draws submissions from Asia, North America and Europe and forms the basis of the Music From China Prize. The winners (up to three, plus commendations) receive premieres at this New York concert.
The New York Times phrased it aptly when it praised Music From China's "insatiable hunger for new music."
MUSIC FROM CHINA
events @ musicfromchina.org
www.musicfromchina.org
170 Park Row, #12D


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Alligator snatches dog, pulling it into Florida lake
Updated: 9:58 AM CDT Sep 30, 2020
By WESH
STEWART: SURVEILLANCE FOOTAGE SHOWS THE MOMENT THE DOG WAS PULLED INTO LAKE KATHRYN. WE SHOULD WARN YOU, SOME OF YOU MAY FIND THE VIDEO UPSETTING. WESH 2'S CHRIS GUARDARO SHOWS US WHAT HAPPENE CHRIS: THIS VIDEO SHOWS TWO DOGS RUNNING IN A BACKYARD ON LAKE KATHRYN, WHEN SUDDENLY, A LARGE ALLIGATOR SNATCHES ONE OF THEM AND PULLS A STRUGGLING GERMAN SHEPHERD INTO THE WATER. WE SPOKE WITH THE DOG'S OWNER, DALE BARBERI, ON TUESDAY. HE LIVES ON THIS LAKE COUNTY PROPERTY WITH HIS THREE WHITE GERMAN SHEPHERDS. >> THIS IS MY PARADISE. CHRIS: HE TELLS US HE CAME HOME FROM WORK LAST THURSDAY AND COULDN'T FIND HIS SIX MONTH OLD DOG, MIA. BARBERI THOUGHT SHE HAD RUN AWAY AND STARTED ASKING NEIGHBORS. >> I WENT OUTSIDE STARTED LOOKING FOR HER. LOOKED UNDERNEATH THE TREES, LOOKED UNDERNEATH THE TRAILER, LOOKED EVERYWHERE AND COULDN'T FIND HER. CHRIS: BARBERI CHECKED HIS SURVEILLANCE CAMERAS TO SEE IF SOMEONE HAD MAYBE STOLEN HIS DOG, AND THAT'S WHEN HE SAW WHAT HAPPENED. DALE SAYS HE'S SWAM IN THIS LAKE AND WATER SKIID ON IT FOR YEARS AND HE'S NEVER SEEN A VERY LARGE GATOR HERE, BUT THE WORD FROM NEIGHBORS AND A GATOR HUNTER IS THERE IS THREE VERY LARGE GATORS LIVING HERE. THE VIDEO SHOWS BARBERI'S THREE OTHER DOGS WAITING BY THE SHORELINE FOR MIA TO RETURN. THE DOGS ARE ALL RELATED, AND MIA'S MOTHER LIVES WITH DALE BARBERI. HE CALLED FISH AND WILDLIFE, AND A TRAPPER REPORTEDLY FOUND HIS DOG'S REMAINS ON ANOTHER SIDE OF LAKE KATHRYN. AT LEAST ONE HUNTER IS NOW TRYING TO FIND THE ALLIGATOR WHO KILLED BARBERI'S SIX MONTH OLD DOG. >> KIND OF SHOCKING. I'M KIND OF SAD ABOUT IT. THE WAY THAT GATOR JUST TOOK HER, AND WOW, HE WAS HUGE AND HE WAS F
WARNING: The video in the player above may be upsetting to viewers.Video shows two dogs running in a Florida back yard when suddenly, a large alligator snatches one of them and pulls a struggling German Shepherd into the water.Sister station WESH spoke with the dog's owner, Dale Barberi on Tuesday.Barberi, of Lake Kathryn, said he came home from work last Thursday and couldn't find his 6-month-old dog, Mia. Barberi thought she had run away and started asking neighbors. "I went outside, started looking for her. Looked underneath the trees, looked underneath the trailer, looked everywhere and couldn't find her," Barberi said.Barberi checked his surveillance cameras to see if someone had maybe stolen his dog and that's when he saw what happened.Dale says he's swam in the lake and water skied on it for years and he's never seen an alligator before. However, neighbors and a gator hunter in the area say there have been three very large gators living there.The video shows Barberi's three other dogs waiting by the shoreline for Mia to return. The dogs are all related and Mia's mother lives with Barberi.He called the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and a trapper reportedly found his dog's remains on another side of Lake Kathryn.At least one hunter is now trying to find the alligator who killed Barberi's dog."Kind of shocking. I'm kind of sad about it. The way that gator just took her and wow, he was huge and he was fast. Less than two seconds and my puppy was gone," Barberi said.
LAKE KATHRYN, Fla. —
WARNING: The video in the player above may be upsetting to viewers.
Video shows two dogs running in a Florida back yard when suddenly, a large alligator snatches one of them and pulls a struggling German Shepherd into the water.
Sister station WESH spoke with the dog's owner, Dale Barberi on Tuesday.
Barberi, of Lake Kathryn, said he came home from work last Thursday and couldn't find his 6-month-old dog, Mia. Barberi thought she had run away and started asking neighbors.
"I went outside, started looking for her. Looked underneath the trees, looked underneath the trailer, looked everywhere and couldn't find her," Barberi said.
Barberi checked his surveillance cameras to see if someone had maybe stolen his dog and that's when he saw what happened.
Dale says he's swam in the lake and water skied on it for years and he's never seen an alligator before. However, neighbors and a gator hunter in the area say there have been three very large gators living there.
The video shows Barberi's three other dogs waiting by the shoreline for Mia to return. The dogs are all related and Mia's mother lives with Barberi.
He called the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and a trapper reportedly found his dog's remains on another side of Lake Kathryn.
At least one hunter is now trying to find the alligator who killed Barberi's dog.
"Kind of shocking. I'm kind of sad about it. The way that gator just took her and wow, he was huge and he was fast. Less than two seconds and my puppy was gone," Barberi said.


Heat the oil in a pot set over medium heat. Add the onions and garlic and cook 2-3 minutes. Add curry powder and cook, stirring, 2-3 minutes more. Stir in flour. Slowly whisk in chicken stock and coconut milk. Bring to a simmer and cook 10 minutes. Add cauliflower and cook 10 minutes more, or until tender. Stir in cilantro, season with salt and pepper, and serve.


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Oklahoma high school football: Norman North uses big fourth quarter to pull away from Putnam City
Cameron Jourdan
NORMAN – A pack of Norman North players gathered around the goal line, jumping in celebration.
Putnam City junior quarterback Marcellous Hawkins took the snap and ran to his left but a group of Timberwolves in black jerseys swarmed him. A couple moments later, junior linebacker Will Bradley jumped from the pile with the football, and the official on the far sideline signaled touchdown.
Bradley recovered one of three Putnam City turnovers in the second half, but the second was the most costly. It helped Class 6A-I No. 8 Norman North pull away in the fourth quarter during its 41-14 win against No. 10 Putnam City on Friday at Harve Collins Field. The Timberwolves outscored the Pirates 20-0 in the final frame, thanks in part to its stout defense.
"It was an ugly third quarter," Norman North coach Justin Jones said. "I think the tide kind of turned on fourth down where we get that stop, we were able to get them pressed in against the goal line then we get the defensive touchdown."
Norman North (4-2, 3-1 District 6A-I-2) held a 21-7 lead at half but muffed the opening kick of the second half, and Putnam City recovered. Although it didn't lead to points, the Timberwolves couldn't find their groove.
Their defense gave up a long touchdown pass on a busted coverage. Hawkins threw a missile to Adrian Scott for a 68-yard score to bring Putnam City (3-3, 1-2) within a touchdown.
The Pirates got more momentum after Norman North sophomore running back Chapman McKown fumbled late in the third quarter, but then their offense had fumble issues.
Senior running back Gabe Trevillison, who rushed for 115 yards on 19 carries, scored the second of his two touchdowns on an 8-yard run with 8:18 left in the fourth quarter. 35 seconds later, Bradley recovered the fumble in the end zone, and the rout was on.
Norman North sits in solo second in the district standings with three games left, including Week 8's showdown at Tulsa Union. In Jones' third season, the Timberwolves have their best chance of returning to the playoffs for the first time since 2017.
He credits his team's experience for helping lead them back into the playoff discussion.
"We've had so many young guys that were playing my first two years here," Jones said. "Those guys are veterans now. They've been in those situations to where bad things happen and understand that we control us, we control the outcome, and if we'll just focus on us, good things will happen."


I am currently recruiting an exciting Finance Analyst position for an international listed telecommunications business.
You will be an ACA qualified accountant with experience in a Top 4 practice. You will have strong technical accounting, process and controls experience as well as ERP system exposure.
You will have the opportunity to work within an impressive finance team, and be part of an exciting company with exposure to senior management. You will gain invaluable experience and work with other strong professionals to collaborate effectively on projects.


2015 Was An Interesting Year | Fashion. Style. Beauty. | Life is short. Live well.
This is my first time writing one of those retrospective posts. I don't know why I've always sort of shied away. Perhaps it's because I was too busy planning New Year's Eve, but I suspect it's because I didn't really want to look back but continue to barrel forward.
2015 was a very interesting year that filled me with a passel of valuable life lessons. I started the year as I normally do, making goals and resolutions like everyone else. I had this grit-toothed determination to life my life out loud (insert nine exclamation points here) and be the best person I could be (more exclamation points here.) And I did those things, but I realized they look very different than what I thought they'd look like.
I think the most valuable lesson I learned this year is to keep my eyes on my own life. It sounds incredibly simple, akin to your teacher telling you not to glance at your peer's notes and test answers in order to cheat. But I'm as guilty as everyone else of logging onto social media platforms to "gain inspiration," only to feel like the world is doing it better than me. About mid-year was when I decided to cut that out. I can't express the joy it gives me. I have no idea who's going on what world adventure, and that's amazing. I'm focused on building my own accomplishments. I am my own inspiration now. I don't need to look outside for guidance. It feels pretty damned good, to be honest. Try it.
The other thing I learned this year is that I'm not afraid to be alone. After the fog cleared and I had more time in the sober, bright light of day, I've realized that I'm quite the introvert. I don't desire the company of many. I'm good with periods of time with a select few. My entire life I've been accused of being snobby, stuck up, or arrogant if I don't push myself out of my personality to become an effusive, all-inclusive human being. It's exhausting. I don't do that anymore. I don't apologize for it.
Also, this was the year I gave up on counting calories and the scale. That's something I never thought would happen. I don't believe in good food or bad food anymore. I go by how I feel and how my clothes fit. I weigh myself every once in a while to give myself a baseline of progress from my heaviest weight of 241. I know that eating too much sugar, dairy, and gluten makes me blow up like a balloon and I feel like crap. But I make the choice to eat what I crave and then I make adjustments later if I need to flush something out of my system by eating more whole, natural, organic foods.
I discovered that I need far less than I thought this year. I moved into a different apartment in August and I pared down considerably. I've donated 16 large bags of clothing, I got rid of nine boxes of books, at least four trips to the consignment store, and I just started shredding what looks to be about 35 lbs of paper. It's amazing. I don't need anything, really. I'm picky about what I want to purchase, and I've discovered how I like to dress. I'd gotten into a rut because I couldn't make sense of my closet. Now, it all makes sense.
Me in a….well, let's call it a Flower Power Moment… at the Governor's Ball.
The Black Keys taking the stage at Governor's Ball.
We were sooooo far away, but if you focus your eyes, you can see Roger and Pete down there, slaying it.
…and I wanted to go lighter when it came to my hair color, which is still a work in progress, but I'm really excited about it. I'm working with James Corbett of James Corbett Studio, who also happens to be the Global Color Consultant for Clairol. More to come from this, but I'm very excited about the hair situation that's coming up.
I also traveled to Memphis with Lancome to do some service at the St. Jude Children's Hospital. It was an unbelievable two days, and I'm incredibly blessed that I had a chance to bring some joy into the lives of some beautiful girls and boys who really needed it.
At St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, ready for makeover action!
This was a great year, but a challenging one. I think the best lesson of the year is to be open to experiences, to make some plans and to head straight into the next big thing. Some of the best things about this year were planned, but a good number of them weren't. Like teaching my boyfriend to take better care of his skin. Was it a list item? No. Was it a big accomplishment? YOU BETCHA.
The couple that masks together stays…laughing.
Tomorrow, I'll share my goals for this coming 12 months, but for the first time ever, I wanted to reflect on this sweet passage of time and give a moment of thanks for the lessons it taught me. Life's pretty good, and I have a feeling it's about to get even better.


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Supreme Court Justice Logo
By Jeffery, June 3, 2019 in Concepts
Jeffery 67
Here's my first attempt at an original logo. Some constructive criticism would be immensely appreciated, especially when it comes to the face area. Thanks!
walkerws 375
Location:Massillon, OH
Favourite Logos:Kent State, Columbus Crew, Columbus Blue Jackets primary
If you're going this route, use n
blind Justice. That or an eagle.
officeglenn 1,446
Victoria Concordia Crescit
Location:Ashburton Grove
I would do outlines around the gavel and the earring to keep it consistent with everything else, and so that they are more distinguishable against the yellow background.
The face does need some tweaks. The mouth indicates aggression but the eyes don't. Maybe furrow the brow more to bring that expression out more.
There's also something throwing me off about the foot/leg that's coming forward toward to the viewer. It seems disproportionately longer than the other, and like it wouldn't connect to rest of the body in the right way. Perhaps rework the folds of the robe to indicate the knee of the back leg is bent underneath it?
So I cleaned it up, gave her some more wisdom, and added some details. I removed the legs because I think it balances the whole logo out a bit.
C+C appreciated.
Better. I think you still need to make some slight adjustments and make it Lady Justice, but with this direction the ethnicity is evened out? As their robes are black, you should change the outline and robe colors.
Additionally, what happened to the legs?
It's meant to be a stylized depiction of Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman on the Supreme Court. As far as the legs, I was hoping it would look more balanced but if it looks wonky maybe I should give them another shot.
8 minutes ago, Jeffery said:
It does indeed look wonky. But if legs aren't working, you could try having her emerge out of the middle of a roundel or another shape so that it's still logical.
The perspective on the legs is certainly weird as-is, but it certainly does look better with them than without them.
C-Squared 2,498
Studio Lucha
I love that the pose has that vintage NCAA fightin' (insert name here) quality to it, which makes the design fun without being disrespectful.
I don't want to be "that guy" who posts his own work in someone else's thread (so I won't), but I did recently complete client work depicting the "Justice is Blind" statue, which seems relevant, and I used the old NY Rangers alternate as a key reference:
This logo doesn't really have eyes, a nose, or mouth - simply the shadowed contours left where the light doesn't hit. I don't think every logo should follow this blueprint, but do I think that, in general, using bold, thick lines and lighting to imply features instead of specifically drawing them out creates the strong composition you see in a lot of logo and vector-style designs. Your latest update looks very specifically like something I might create myself in-progress - don't be afraid to get bold with your use of the dark blue within the design itself to flesh everything out!


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InducteesLarry Blakeney
Born: September 21, 1947 in Birmingham, Alabama
Played collegiately at Auburn University and later was an assistant coach at Auburn for 14 seasons. He became Head Coach at Troy University in 1991. He is the winningest football coach in Troy University history. In 1995 led Troy to their first undefeated regular season. His teams won the Southland League three times. He was named Southland Coach of the Year two consecutive years. He took the Trojans to the semifinals of the Division I-AA twice. He was the recipient of the Johnny Vaught Lifetime Achievement Award by the All-American Football Foundation (2000). He is one of only two coaches in NCAA history to lead a program from Division II to Division I-A.


This is the nice blog site. Really helpful information. Thank you so much!
I´m an Austrian craftsman an appreciate the work of Vincent Bach!
Your website is great and extremly interesting.
I added some additional images of fractions. Check out the Mt. Vernon images from 1960-1965 above for a reference.
Hi, do you make bach mouthpice for french horn?
Yes, Conn Selmer makes Bach french horn mouthpieces. Go to your local music store to find a selection.
it doesn't exist this mouthpiece…i want Bach mouthpiece for french horn, but to be changed, modified….i want Bach 10, but with narrow rim, with medium cup depth, end 17.70 mm cup diameter. I wish it for medium high register horn…you can do this type of mouthpiece?
I've not seen that marking before. More than likely an indication of the back bore configuration.
There's a rumor going around, that some of the newer Bach mouthpieces are produced in China, and that you can tell which ones by looking at the typeface on the piece. This sounds strange to me, but could there be some truth to it?
I have a "VINCENT BACH CORP." (with a dot) 7DW mouthpiece with RK engraved after 7DW. Does this mean something (I do not find anything about this in Bach catalogs) or could it be a personnal engraving of the previous owner?
So I was handed down a mouthpiece when i started playing and it's very strange to me.It's a Vincent Bach Corp. Mt.Vernon N.Y. That's all that's listed, no cup size. its extremely shallow on the inside and rounded to the little hole even, not cupped. I'm a high school student so I'm no genius.


text:
//==============================================================================
// XSL transformation
//==============================================================================

#include "corecliutils.h"
#include "xsltransformer.h"

//==============================================================================

#include <QMutex>
#include <QThread>
#include <QXmlQuery>

//==============================================================================

namespace OpenCOR {
namespace Core {

//==============================================================================

XslTransformerJob::XslTransformerJob(const QString &pInput,
                                     const QString &pXsl) :
    mInput(pInput),
    mXsl(pXsl)
{
}

//==============================================================================

QString XslTransformerJob::input() const
{
    // Return our input

    return mInput;
}

//==============================================================================

QString XslTransformerJob::xsl() const
{
    // Return our XSL

    return mXsl;
}

//==============================================================================

XslTransformer::XslTransformer() :
    mPaused(false),
    mStopped(false),
    mJobs(QList<XslTransformerJob>())
{
    // Create our thread

    mThread = new QThread();

    // Move ourselves to our thread

    moveToThread(mThread);

    // Create a few connections

    connect(mThread, SIGNAL(started()),
            this, SLOT(started()));

    connect(mThread, SIGNAL(finished()),
            mThread, SLOT(deleteLater()));
    connect(mThread, SIGNAL(finished()),
            this, SLOT(deleteLater()));
}

//==============================================================================

void XslTransformer::transform(const QString &pInput, const QString &pXsl)
{
    // Add a new job to our list

    mJobs << XslTransformerJob(pInput, pXsl);

    // Start/resume our thread, if needed

    if (!mThread->isRunning()) {
        mThread->start();
    } else {
        // Resume our thread, if needed

        if (mPaused)
            mPausedCondition.wakeOne();
    }
}

//==============================================================================

void XslTransformer::stop()
{
    // Shutdown our thread, if needed

    if (mThread->isRunning()) {
        // Ask our thread to stop

        mStopped = true;

        // Resume our thread, if needed

        if (mPaused)
            mPausedCondition.wakeOne();

        // Ask our thread to quit and wait for it to do so

        mThread->quit();
        mThread->wait();
    }
}

//==============================================================================

void XslTransformer::started()
{
    // Create our XML query object

    QXmlQuery xmlQuery(QXmlQuery::XSLT20);
    DummyMessageHandler dummyMessageHandler;

    xmlQuery.setMessageHandler(&dummyMessageHandler);

    // Do our XSL transformations

    QMutex pausedMutex;

    while (!mStopped) {
        // Carry out our different jobs

        while (mJobs.count() && !mStopped) {
            // Retrieve the first job in our list

            XslTransformerJob job = mJobs.first();

            mJobs.removeFirst();

            // Customise our XML query object

            xmlQuery.setFocus(job.input());
            xmlQuery.setQuery(job.xsl());

            // Do the XSL transformation

            QString output;

            if (!xmlQuery.evaluateTo(&output))
                output = QString();

            // Let people know that an XSL transformation has been performed

            emit done(job.input(), output);
        }

        // Pause ourselves, unless we have been asked to stop

        if (!mStopped) {
            mPaused = true;

            pausedMutex.lock();
                mPausedCondition.wait(&pausedMutex);
            pausedMutex.unlock();

            mPaused = false;
        }
    }
}

//==============================================================================

}   // namespace Core
}   // namespace OpenCOR

//==============================================================================
// End of file
//==============================================================================


text:
Piotr Oborski (ur. 10 lutego 1907 we wsi Jastrzębiec, zm. 18 czerwca 1952 w Rawiczu) – prezbiter katolicki, ofiara represji komunistycznych.

Życiorys
W 1926 wstąpił do Seminarium Duchownego w Kielcach. Święcenia kapłańskie przyjął 21 czerwca 1931 z rąk biskupa Augustyna Łosińskiego. W 1935 rozpoczął studia filozoficzne na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. W 1938 z wynikiem bardzo dobrym obronił egzamin magisterski. Z rozpoczęciem okupacji niemieckiej z innymi profesorami kieleckiego seminarium duchownego ks. Oborski opuścił Kielce, udając się na wschód. Po powrocie do Kielc 27 września 1939 roku otrzymał nominację na tymczasowego administratora parafii Piotrkowice k. Jędrzejowa. Placówki nie objął, gdyż z zawieruchy wojennej powrócił jej dotychczasowy proboszcz. Od 1943 wykładał w Kielcach na tajnych kursach uniwersyteckich w ramach konspiracyjnego Uniwersytetu Ziem Zachodnich logikę matematyczną i historię filozofii. W 1946 rozpoczął pracę naukową na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Był asystentem ks. Piotra Chojnackiego, profesora filozofii chrześcijańskiej. Z tego okresu pochodzą jego prace "Neoscholastyka w swojej genezie, teorii i praktyce" oraz "Z psychologii szkolnego lenistwa".

15 lipca 1948 roku ks. Piotr Oborski został mianowany administratorem parafii Wolbrom i prefektem miejscowego gimnazjum i liceum. Pół roku później był już proboszczem parafii i dziekanem.

Z trzech księży pracujących w parafii 19 kwietnia 1950 roku aresztowano proboszcza ks. dr. Piotra Oborskiego i jednego z wikariuszy ks. Zbigniewa Gadomskiego. W czasie śledztwa przetrzymywani byli w więzieniu przy ul. Montelupich w Krakowie. Nie dopuszczono do nich nikogo. Księży oskarżono o współpracę z tajną organizacją "Armia Podziemia" i współudział w zabójstwie.

1 czerwca 1951 roku ks. dr Piotr Oborski został przewieziony do więzienia dla politycznych w Rawiczu. Zmarł 18 czerwca 1952 r. w szpitalu miejskim w Rawiczu. Zarząd więzienia w oficjalnym dokumencie – akcie zgonu przesłanym do kieleckiej kurii i rodziny zmarłego, wymienił jako przyczynę śmierci zapalenie otrzewnej. Świadkowie ostatnich dni życia ks. Piotra Oborskiego twierdzą, że kapłan został okrutnie pobity, co już wcześniej kilka razy miało miejsce.

W kościele pw. św. Katarzyny w Wolbromiu została umieszczona tablica pamiątkowa poświęcona pamięci ks. Piotra Oborskiego i ks. Zbigniewa Gadomskiego. Jej poświęcenia dokonał bp. Adam Śmigielski 3 maja 2004 roku.

23 kwietnia 2013 roku ks. Piotr Oborski został oficjalnie zrehabilitowany. Sąd Okręgowy w Krakowie stwierdził nieważność wyroku byłego Wojskowego Sądu Rejonowego w Krakowie z dnia 22 stycznia 1951 roku, skazującego go na karę dożywotniego więzienia.

Bibliografia

Przypisy

Absolwenci Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Duchowni diecezji kieleckiej
Polscy duchowni katoliccy – ofiary represji w Polsce Ludowej
Więźniowie polityczni w Polsce Ludowej 1944–1956
Więźniowie więzienia na Montelupich w Krakowie
Więźniowie więzienia w Rawiczu (Polska Ludowa)
Wykładowcy Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Wykładowcy Uniwersytetu Ziem Zachodnich
Urodzeni w 1907
Zmarli w 1952

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