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Best IRA Accounts for 2023
Written by Blain Reinkensmeyer, Dayana Yochim
An IRA, or individual retirement account, is an investment account with tax benefits. Since most brokerage firms offer traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs (the two main types), choosing the best IRA comes down to fees, investing features, and customer support.
For our 2023 Annual Review, we reviewed and rated 17 of the top online brokers. To find the best IRAs, we first focused on the fees and available retirement account options. Then we tested each broker's market research tools, retirement education offerings, customer service quality, multi-account management capabilities, and mobile apps. We also tested how easy it was to perform everyday tasks such as placing trades and transferring funds. Here are the results of our research.
Best IRA Accounts 2023
Here are the top five online brokers for IRA retirement accounts, based on over 80 variables.
- 5 Stars - Best overall broker, including IRAs
- 5 Stars - Best for actively trading IRA accounts
- 4.5 Stars - Best financial planning education
- 5 Stars - Balanced offering with easy-to-use trading tools
Merrill Edge
- 5 Stars - Best for high net worth individual investors
Best overall broker, including IRAs
From industry-leading research for stocks, funds, and bonds to excellent education and tools for retirement planning, Fidelity delivers a terrific IRA experience. Stock trades are $0 per trade, and Fidelity charges no miscellaneous fees for IRA accounts. Fidelity is a winner for everyday investors. Read full review
Excellent research and mobile app
Top-notch education
Decades of reliable client service
No dedicated mobile app for active trading
Trade at Fidelity. 1
Best for actively trading IRA accounts
TD Ameritrade offers no-fee traditional, Roth and rollover IRAs and charges $0 for stock and ETF trades. We also found it to offer the largest selection of investment education, which every investor needs while saving and planning for retirement. Read full review
Best financial planning education
Charles Schwab stands out for retirement investing thanks to excellent IRA account options, including optional automated portfolio management (robo-advice) and on-demand advice from certified financial planners. Sweetening the deal: $0 stock and ETF trades, excellent research and quality trading tools. Read full review
Vast menu of investment offerings
Excellent research and content for long-term investing
Cryptocurrency isn't offered
Mutual fund fees are complex
Content has a less friendly approach than some competitors
$0 Online Trade Commissions
Balanced offering with easy-to-use trading tools
E*TRADE provides a variety of trading tools and educational resources for investors saving for retirement. While its research and education resources somewhat lag behind those of its top rivals, E*TRADE's IRA account experience will satisfy many. Read full review
Best for high net worth individual investors
Merrill Edge offers $0 trades with industry-leading research tools (especially ESG research) and strong customer service. Learning about retirement investing is a pleasant experience thanks to excellent site organization and educational quality, as well as in-house curated content. Read full review
Portfolio Story, Dynamic Insights, and the Stock and Fund Stories are groundbreaking features
High-quality proprietary research
Some site elements slow to load
No crypto, futures, forex or penny stocks
In addition to our top five brokers for IRA accounts in 2023, we reviewed 12 others: Ally Invest, eToro, Firstrade, Interactive Brokers, J.P. Morgan Self-Directed Investing, SoFi Invest , tastyworks, TradeStation, Tradier, Robinhood, Vanguard and Webull. To dive deeper,read our reviews.
savings All about IRAs and beyond
Our retirement savings series is designed to answer your most pressing questions about choosing and using retirement accounts like IRAs and 401(k)s, including pros and cons. Explore the whole course on our sister site, investor.com.
IRA account fees comparison
When comparing accounts from different IRA providers, important considerations include: minimum deposit requirements, IRA annual account fees, account closure fees, stock and ETF trading fees, and any other miscellaneous fees.
Here's an IRA account comparison for the best brokers for IRAs. (Use our online brokerage comparison tool to compare even more account offerings.)
IRA comparison: trading fees
Feature Fidelity TD Ameritrade E*TRADE Merrill Edge Charles Schwab
Mutual Fund Trade Fee $49.95 Varies $0.00 $19.95 Varies
Futures (Per Contract) N/A $2.25 $1.50 N/A $2.25
Broker Assisted Trade Fee $32.95 $25 $25 $29.95 $25
IRA comparison: account fees
IRA Annual Fee $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
IRA Closure Fee $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $49.95 $0.00
Account Transfer Out (Partial) $0.00 $0.00 $25.00 $0.00 $25.00
Account Transfer Out (Full) $0.00 $75.00 $75.00 $49.95 $50.00
How to choose an IRA provider
Before opening your new retirement account, consider these six tips for success:
Choose a broker with no IRA fees. The more you pay in fees, the less money you have to invest for your future. Watch out for maintenance fees, fees for opening the IRA, fees for closing it, fees for transferring your money elsewhere, and the like.
Decide which type of IRA to open. Should you go with a traditional IRA or a Roth? The main difference is when you get your tax break. A traditional IRA provides an upfront tax break: Contributions are tax-free (meaning you may be able to deduct them from your taxes today). Taxes come due when you withdraw money from the traditional IRA in retirement. With a Roth IRA, contributions are taxed upfront and withdrawals down the road are completely tax-free. (Check out the more detailed Roth and traditional IRA explanation below.)
Make sure the account can age with you. You're going to have an IRA for years — maybe decades — up to and throughout retirement. Take the time to make sure the platform is easy for you to navigate, the service has retirement investing tools you'll use, and that you're satisfied with the customer service. Don't worry if you discover your first IRA choice is not the right fit: It's easy to move your IRA to a new broker. (Check out our full online broker reviews for more information about the providers we recommend.)
Maximize investment returns by making early contributions. The younger you are when you open and begin contributing to your IRA, the longer your portfolio will grow without being taxed. Even a few extra months of having your money in the market can make a significant difference in your long-term investment returns. Each year try to make your IRA contribution as early as possible. And remember, the IRS gives you until the tax filing due date (usually April 15th) to make your contribution for the prior tax year!
Expand your options with a 401(k) to IRA rollover: If you have money sitting in a former employer's 401(k) plan, moving it into a self-directed IRA will give you much more control over your investment dollars. You'll maintain the tax benefits of the 401(k), and expand your investment choices beyond the limited number of mutual funds offered in most employer-sponsored plans. Rollovers are easy: Simply tell the new broker what you want to do and they'll walk you through the process.
Look for new account bonuses: Competition for your retirement savings among discount brokers is fierce. As long as you're looking for a place to put your retirement savings dollars, take advantage of the current offers and get a bonus for opening a new account.
An individual retirement account, or IRA, is a type of tax-advantaged retirement account for U.S. taxpayers. An IRA lets you invest in stocks, bonds and other securities to save for retirement while deferring paying capital gains on your investments, allowing them to potentially compound faster, right from within an online brokerage account. The three most common retirement account types are traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs, and SEP IRAs. There are also inherited IRAs and, for minors with earned income, custodial IRAs. Read more about these and other popular types of retirement accounts on our sister site, investor.com.
What is a traditional IRA?
A traditional IRA is an account that provides an up-front tax break for saving money for retirement. Contributions to the account are pre-tax (meaning you may be able to deduct all or part of the amount from your current year's taxes). Furthermore, all earnings over the course of the account's life are tax-deferred until you start withdrawing for retirement. At that point you pay income taxes on your withdrawals.
More details: With a traditional IRA, you can contribute up to $6,500 per year for the 2023 tax year if you're under the age of 50, and $7,500 per year if 50 or older. However, any withdrawals before the age of 59½ are subject to an early distribution penalty of 10%. See IRS.gov for more information.
Contributions to a Roth IRA are made with after-tax dollars. Although you get no up-front tax deduction, your withdrawals during retirement are completely tax-free. Like a traditional IRA, earnings growth over the course of the account's life are not taxed.
More details: You're allowed to contribute up to $6,500 a year to a Roth IRA ($7,500 if you're over age 50). Eligibility for the Roth IRA is based on your income. Unlike Traditional IRAs, contributions to a Roth IRA (not earnings) can be withdrawn without penalty at any time and for any reason. Early withdrawal rules are different for earnings, which require a "seasoning period" (currently five years). Here's the IRS' detailed description of the rules of distributions (withdrawals).
Roth vs. traditional IRA: For more information, see this IRS chart comparing traditional and Roth IRAs.
A Simplified Employee Pension IRA (or SEP IRA) is a traditional IRA modified for business owners and any employees they might have. SEP IRA contribution limits are much higher than what's allowed in traditional and Roth IRAs.
More details: Employers can contribute as much as 25% of their net income or $66000 per year (whichever is lower) for the 2023 tax year. Like a traditional IRA, SEP IRA contributions are tax-deferred (and deductible from your taxable income now). Distributions during retirement are taxed at your then income tax rate. See the IRS website for more information.
What is a 401(k)?
A 401(k) is a type of retirement account American employers offer their workers. Like a traditional IRA, the regular 401(k) is a tax-deferred investment account. Some employers also offer a Roth version of the account — a Roth 401(k) — where contributions are post-tax and qualified withdrawals are tax-free.
More details: For the 2023 tax year, employees can contribute up to $22,500 to a Roth or regular 401(k), or $30,000 if you are age 50 or older and your plan permits catch-up contributions. Many employers match a portion of employee 401(k) contributions as an incentive to save (typically between 3% and 6% of an employee's salary). Different variations of profit sharing can also be incorporated, although they are less common.
Do you have money in an old 401(k) plan? That money is yours to roll into an IRA with a brokerage you choose. See this IRS page for more information.
What is the best type of IRA to open?
The best type of IRA to open is the one that provides the biggest tax break when it's most valuable to you. The choice comes down to a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA. A traditional IRA makes sense for high earners who can benefit from the upfront deduction on today's income. A Roth is a natural choice if you expect your income to be higher down the road when the account's tax-free withdrawals lets you avoid income taxes (the ability to save in a Roth IRA also depends on your current income level). One other consideration: If you think you'll need access to the money before age 59½, a Roth IRA is a better choice because the IRS allows you to withdraw contributions (not earnings) without paying an early withdrawal penalty.
Not sure what your future tax situation holds? Split the difference! If you're eligible to contribute to both a deductible traditional IRA and a Roth IRA, the IRS allows you to fund both in the same year as long as your total combined contributions do not exceed the annual limit of $6,500 (or $7,500, if you're age 50 or older). See Comparing Roth IRA vs. Traditional IRA on our sister site, investor.com, for more guidance.
Where is the best place to open a traditional IRA?
Our top picks for brokers to use for a traditional IRA are:
Fidelity: Solid all-around IRA offering
TD Ameritrade: Ideal for those who actively trade in their IRA
Charles Schwab: Provides robust financial planning education
E*TRADE: Easy-to-use trading tools
Merrill Edge: Best for high net worth investors
These brokerages earned the highest scores when we tested their retirement account offerings in the areas of fees, retirement education offerings, customer service quality, market research tools, multi-account management capabilities, ease of placing trades and transferring funds, and mobile app quality.
What securities can I trade with an IRA account?
You can trade stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, bonds, basic options, and even bitcoin in an IRA account.
Can I use margin in an IRA account?
No. You cannot trade with margin in an IRA account. To access margin and trade with leverage, you have to use a traditional, taxable brokerage account. Margin trading is restricted in IRA accounts because it is considered too risky.
Do I have to pay fees each year to maintain an IRA account?
You shouldn't have to. Most U.S. brokers charge no annual IRA maintenance fees. If you run into one that does, we recommend you look elsewhere. Some brokers will, however, charge an IRA closure fee when you close the account (or even a transfer fee to move your money). But even that is rare among the biggest, most well-known brokerages. (Our online brokerage comparison tool will help you compare account fees and more.)
Can you lose money in an IRA?
Absolutely. IRA accounts are like any other brokerage account: You're investing your money in securities like stocks, ETFs, and mutual funds, all of which carry some degree of risk.
The idea is you take on that risk for the opportunity to earn a higher reward (a bigger return on your investment) over the long term. That said, if you invest in lower-risk securities like bonds or money market funds, then the risk of losing all your money will be far lower. But so, too, will any potential payoff.
Can I have a 401(k) and an IRA at the same time?
Yes, you can contribute to a 401(k) and an IRA in the same year, as long as you stay within IRS contribution limits.
What is the best way to save for retirement?
A good retirement savings strategy is to first contribute enough to your 401(k) to max out any company match. Next, direct your savings into an IRA account where you have a broader investment selection and more control over account fees. Finally, after you've capped your IRA for the year, return to your 401(k) with any remaining savings.
Who has the best rollover IRA?
Based on our analysis, the best online brokers for 401(k) rollovers are Charles Schwab, Fidelity, TD Ameritrade, Merrill Edge, and E*TRADE. All of these brokers — the best overall IRA companies in our roundup — offer excellent rollover IRA accounts. Plus, they make the process easy to transfer your funds from a former employer's 401(k) plan or an IRA at a different brokerage. What are the best IRA accounts?
Our testing found that the best IRA accounts come from Charles Schwab, TD Ameritrade, Fidelity, E*TRADE and Merrill Edge. All of these large online stockbrokers offer IRA accounts (traditional, Roth, SEP, spousal, and so on), and most offer the choice of self-directed or managed accounts. Not only that, but fees are low, the websites are easy to use, and all five brokers provide thorough retirement education.
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For the StockBrokers.com 13th Annual Review published in January 2023, a total of 3,332 data points were collected over three months and used to score 17 top brokers. This makes StockBrokers.com home to the largest independent database on the web covering the online broker industry.
For this guide to the best IRA accounts, our research team looked closely at all costs incurred by investors, including account transfer fees; and rigorously tested key features such as the broker's market research tools, retirement-specific educational resources, quality of customer service and the ease of use of its platforms and apps. In all, we collect data on more than 200 variables.
Dayana Yochim
Dayana Yochim is a Senior Writer/Editor at Reink Media Group who has written about personal finance and investing for more than 20 years. Her work has appeared in outlets including HerMoney.com, NerdWallet and the Motley Fool, and has been syndicated nationally. Dayana has also been a guest expert on "Today" and Good Morning America.


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46 Miles of Swimming and Running (and No Translator)
Sweden's Terese Steraas and France's Marine Beaury are tethered together and don't speak the same language, yet they navigate grueling swimrun events. How do they do it?
October 14, 2022 Jessica Broderick West
Photo: Courtesy of Terese Steraas
Swimrun, a sport that started in Sweden in 2002, is a grueling multi-leg endurance event combining running and swimming over a course without stopping in between. The original concept of swimrun was to always race in pairs, which adds an elements of communication, teamwork and finesse since you are tethered together and have to navigate the course in unison.
For Sweden's Terese Steraas and France's Marine Beaury, add the variable of a language barrier. Steraas speaks English, Norwegian, and Swedish, while Beaury speaks only French.
Swimrun brought together this dynamic and powerful duo last year at a race in Gothenburg, Sweden. While they were competing with different partners that day, their coaches introduced them and they immediately had a connection. Knowing that there was no way for them to verbally communicate in competition, they still wrote to each other and their friendship blossomed. A few months later, they traveled to compete together for the first time at the World Championships in Stockholm, Sweden.
"I think because we both were mentally prepared to not be able to speak to each other, there weren't any questions before the race," Steraas said. "We just decided before the race we would just not try to speak. If one doesn't understand, there are too many questions and you don't have time during competition."
RELATED: Everything to Know Before Attempting a Swimrun
(Photo: Courtesy of Terese Steraas)
The World Championships, on September 5, 2021, turned out to be a very challenging day for the pair. ÖTILLÖ, The Swimrun World Championship is the mother of all swimruns and the origin of the sport. This legendary course is 75 km long over and between 24 islands with 65 km of trail running and 10 km of open- water swimming.
Beaury struggled immensely that day becoming hypothermic after only three hours of competing (in a day that took 11 hours to finish). Thankfully, their strong bond and similar mindset helped them persevere and they got to the finish.
"We spoke to each other with the body language," Steraas said. "I could see her pain and feel it, but it was like someone else told me that I was just going to do this for us. That this is something big in your life and you are going to make it to the goal together. When you know you can't use words, you just have to make yourself understood. It was a very new experience."
In June this year, after a winter of training apart but staying in touch, Beaury invited Steraas to compete with her at the Swimrun World Championship event in France.
"We kind of missed each other and felt something really strong," Steraas said. "Marine said 'I want to show you we can be a really good team together,' and I knew there was going to be a strong Swedish team there, so we decided to go for first place."
The race started off strong for the pair, and they led through the first four hours of competition. But then things took a turn for the worse. Slowly, Beaury started to lose steam, and just before one of the long swim portions, Beaury fell to the ground. When the medical staff arrived and loaded Beaury onto the boat, a doctor turned to Steraas and translated for her. "She wants you to finish."
"I was crying, she was crying, and she had so much pain," Steraas said. "Marine wanted me to do the race and I could feel that, so I decided just to do it. I had 7 hours left and I was crying in the swim and crying in the run. She gave me all her strength again."
RELATED: What's The Deal With The Swimrun Tether?
While Steraas finished the race that day in France, with seven of the eleven hours being solo, Beaury was rushed to the emergency room with a ruptured cyst.
Despite two back-to-back challenging race experiences, Beaury and Steraas plan to compete again together in the future. Their strong bond and love for the sport is driving them, and their belief that third time will be the charm.
"When you do these kind of competitions and you are so tired and you have so much pain, but you don't want to quit because something is telling you that you have to achieve the goal," Steraas said. "I can't explain why – you look at each other in the eyes, and you've just been through so much together."
RELATED: The Greatest Thing About Swimrun (Spoiler: It's the Partner Part)
Triathlete's 2023 Guide to the Best Tris for a Good Time
Brittany Vermeer
Triathlete's 2023 Guide to the Best Ironman and Iron-Distance Races in the U.S.A.
Triathlete's 2023 Guide to the Best 70.3 and Half-Iron Races in the U.S.A.
Science Confirms: There's No Friends Like Tri Friends
Trispot
I Got My Butt Kicked In Sweden By 125 Miles of Swimming And Running

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Welcome back to all our pupils old and new at the start of our school year.
During the summer as I am sure you are all aware, the school was the subject of extensive extension and refurbishment work which included a new heating and fire detection installation together with significant hall and staff room extensions and the replacement of our old outside classroom with a new double classroom, fitted out to modern educational standards.
Some would say that improvements of this nature were long overdue and necessary as our children numbers have steadily increased for the last ten years or so, and that is a valid argument but thankfully, we now have facilities of which we can all be proud. But we cannot rest on our laurels. Finance will continue to be difficult I am sure for a good few years to come and we have to continue striving to improve the environment in which our children are educated. Our next project will be the refurbishment of our toilet block in the main school and following that, we hope to tarmac our main playground area.
It is our intention to have a formal opening of our newly refurbished school at a date and time to be announced, but in any event prior to the October half term holidays, when we look forward to showing all our alterations to the community as a whole and at the same time inviting former pupils and staff to join in our celebrations.
All that has been achieved this summer was the result of our excellent building contractor Simpsons of York and the hard work of our teachers and staff who worked tirelessly to ensure the school was opened on time. Thanks also to the parents who kindly gave their time to put everything back again when the time came.
Teamwork. A lesson for us all.


Sign-up to receive the latest news and ratings for KOPN and its competitors with MarketBeat's FREE daily newsletter.
What is Kopin's stock symbol?
Kopin trades on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol "KOPN."
How were Kopin's earnings last quarter?
Kopin Co. (NASDAQ:KOPN) posted its earnings results on Tuesday, March, 12th. The company reported ($0.10) earnings per share for the quarter, topping analysts' consensus estimates of ($0.11) by $0.01. The firm had revenue of $7.74 million for the quarter. Kopin had a negative return on equity of 49.85% and a negative net margin of 142.50%. View Kopin's Earnings History.
When is Kopin's next earnings date?
Kopin is scheduled to release their next quarterly earnings announcement on Tuesday, May 14th 2019. View Earnings Estimates for Kopin.
What price target have analysts set for KOPN?
3 equities research analysts have issued 1-year price objectives for Kopin's stock. Their predictions range from $1.32 to $3.00. On average, they expect Kopin's stock price to reach $2.1733 in the next year. This suggests a possible upside of 73.9% from the stock's current price. View Analyst Price Targets for Kopin.
What is the consensus analysts' recommendation for Kopin?
3 Wall Street analysts have issued "buy," "hold," and "sell" ratings for Kopin in the last year. There are currently 3 buy ratings for the stock, resulting in a consensus recommendation of "Buy." View Analyst Ratings for Kopin.
Has Kopin been receiving favorable news coverage?
News articles about KOPN stock have trended somewhat positive this week, InfoTrie reports. The research firm identifies negative and positive media coverage by reviewing more than six thousand news and blog sources in real time. The firm ranks coverage of companies on a scale of negative five to five, with scores closest to five being the most favorable. Kopin earned a media sentiment score of 1.5 on InfoTrie's scale. They also assigned media stories about the company a news buzz of 1.0 out of 10, indicating that recent media coverage is extremely unlikely to have an impact on the company's share price in the near future.
Who are some of Kopin's key competitors?
Some companies that are related to Kopin include Aquantia (AQ), DSP Group (DSPG), Alpha and Omega Semiconductor (AOSL), NeoPhotonics (NPTN), Magnachip Semiconductor (MX), Applied Optoelectronics (AAOI), AXT (AXTI), Adesto Technologies (IOTS), GSI Technology (GSIT), Pixelworks (PXLW), Everspin Technologies (MRAM), EMCORE (EMKR), Sequans Communications (SQNS), Resonant (RESN) and QuickLogic (QUIK).
What other stocks do shareholders of Kopin own?
Based on aggregate information from My MarketBeat watchlists, some companies that other Kopin investors own include Vuzix (VUZI), Cara Therapeutics (CARA), Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), Micron Technology (MU), NVIDIA (NVDA), Alibaba Group (BABA), STMicroelectronics (STM), Himax Technologies (HIMX), Energous (WATT) and Freeport-McMoRan (FCX).
Who are Kopin's key executives?
Who are Kopin's major shareholders?
Kopin's stock is owned by many different of retail and institutional investors. Top institutional investors include Weybosset Research & Management LLC (0.03%). Company insiders that own Kopin stock include Bor Yeu Tsaur, Hong K Choi and Richard Sneider. View Institutional Ownership Trends for Kopin.
Which institutional investors are buying Kopin stock?
KOPN stock was purchased by a variety of institutional investors in the last quarter, including Weybosset Research & Management LLC. View Insider Buying and Selling for Kopin.
How do I buy shares of Kopin?
Shares of KOPN can be purchased through any online brokerage account. Popular online brokerages with access to the U.S. stock market include Vanguard Brokerage Services, TD Ameritrade, E*TRADE, Scottrade, Fidelity and Charles Schwab.
What is Kopin's stock price today?
One share of KOPN stock can currently be purchased for approximately $1.25.
How big of a company is Kopin?
Kopin has a market capitalization of $95.35 million and generates $24.47 million in revenue each year. The company earns $-35,870,000.00 in net income (profit) each year or ($0.48) on an earnings per share basis. Kopin employs 180 workers across the globe.
What is Kopin's official website?
The official website for Kopin is http://www.kopin.com.
How can I contact Kopin?
MarketBeat's community ratings are surveys of what our community members think about Kopin and other stocks. Vote "Outperform" if you believe KOPN will outperform the S&P 500 over the long term. Vote "Underperform" if you believe KOPN will underperform the S&P 500 over the long term. You may vote once every thirty days.


At a time when student outcomes are so important, we have enhanced our curriculum, improved our college counseling, and supported students with SAT Preparation and other established programs. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of students who received College scholarships, as well as an increase in scholarship dollars.
As a result, our enrollment numbers are increasing , students are more engaged, and parents feel committed and inspired. As we look to the future, teacher professional development, rigor of academic programs, school leadership and community partnerships continue to be priorities.
We appreciate you taking the time to explore the different ways to support Bishop McDevitt High School.
A Catholic education at McDevitt is upwards of $8,000 a year which is a hardship for many families. Students who choose a Catholic education often times have financial struggles that keep them from starting and finishing their education at McDevitt. We would like to be able to provide support for any student who desires a Catholic education.
Through our partnership with Arcadia University, McDevitt offers four college credit courses per school year to our students. We offer these courses to our Juniors and Seniors at a greatly reduced rate, while funding the majority of the cost of the program. It's a great way to experience the workload and expectations of a college course. Especially those who are 1st generation College bound.
The addition of an ACE (Alliance for Catholic Education) Teaching Fellow allows McDevitt to meet the needs of each student, and create the individualized attention needed for success. The ACE program provides an innovative instructional model to bolster and develop strong English and Math skills, while helping students unlock their full potential. Bishop McDevitt teachers create instructional programs to meet the unique needs of each student, whether it's extra support or the challenge of an AP Course. This state of education and our mission as a Catholic school to make the best education available to our students, independent of financial situations, leads us to call on you for support.
With over 30 clubs, and 18 Varsity sports teams there are many opportunities for our students to be involved and build relationships that last a lifetime. These relationships have always been and continue to be the Hallmark of a McDevitt education. Whether you were an athlete, involved in the school show, robotics , band or forensics, these activities help mold young adults into leaders. Without our alumni support the achievements of winning a championship, building a robot or performing on stage in front of an audience would not be possible.


SILVER SPRING, MD — Are you or someone you know in the market for a new job? We've got a place for you to start.
We've rounded up some of the listings in and around Silver Spring, from a store manager to a senior designer. If you're looking for something else, you can search through hundreds of jobs using keywords and location. See more positions on the Silver Spring Patch Jobs page.


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Click on (above) or scroll to (below) the part of the plant where you suspect insect pest damage is occurring on your blueberry plants. Then, click on each symptom you see on your plants. You will be brought to a page indicating which insect(s) may be causing the damage. For symptoms that may involve more than one insect, you will be brought to a page listing these insects. For pages listing two or more insects, click on the different links for each insect to find more information. Remember, problems in blueberry plantings could be the result of several factors. Check with your local Cooperative Extension Service office to determine the exact cause of any problems encountered before implementing control measures.
Click on the link above to go to the Blueberry Insect Pests home page.


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Illuminati History and Basics
The very word brings to mind images of conspiracy theorists ranting about a New World Order and world leaders having secret meetings and rituals to decide what events are going to take place. Some of it sounds too incredulous to believe, but what if that's what 'they' are counting on? Could there be truth in some of what the theorists are saying and there truly is a plan in place to enact a one world government? Or is the real truth about it all so deeply buried and protected that no one, not even the theorists, have any hope of truly uncovering the real facts?
Adam Weishaupt
First let's look at some of the documented history of the organization itself. Some say that it actually all goes back to the beginning of time, but in truth, the actual terminology came into existence during the 18th century in Upper Bavaria. It originally began in May of 1776 as a five member group headed by a man named Adam Weishaupt, a professor at the University of Ingolstadt and was known as the Order of the Illuminati, or 'enlightened ones'.
The organization itself was very similar to the Freemasons and based its orders and degrees on much of what had previously been done by them.The premise was that of a group that encouraged free thought, which may have been what separated them from the Freemasons in the first place. Very quickly, political leaders and monarchists began to flock towards its membership.
This period of time is often referred to as the "Age of Enlightenment" when the movement was toward a more rational and scientific way of thinking. It came under a ban however in 1777 by the Bavarian ruler Karl Theodor along with all secret societies. It was the belief of those in power that these societies were set up to overthrow the monarchies.
In essence, they would use the fact that these societies were secret against them and create diabolical conspiracies that were actually taking place.
After the ban, an attempt was made to rise the organization up from the ashes a few years later when a man named Adolph Freiherr Knigge allegedly joined the society and began recruiting more members through the Freemasons, which were still in existence. This ended altogether in 1785 when all of the societies were banned in Bavaria, and the evidence of further historical documentation of the Bavarian Illuminati ceases to exist at this point. However–there are many who say the Illuminati is alive and well in other organizations, infiltrating into the governments, and keeping the fires of war and terrorism alive for the ultimate goal of a New World Order.Illuminati Conspiracy TheoriesThe Biggest SecretThere are several out there who speak of the Illuminati continuing today on a global level. Some say that it is an elite group of world leaders that are running things 'behind the scenes'..others say that it goes even deeper.
The Biggest Secret
One in particular believes that the Illuminati are actually alien beings that have been infiltrating the governments for centuries. David Icke is the author of several books on the subject, the most well known being The Biggest Secret written in 1999. A former BBC television personality and one time supporter of the Green Party, it is alleged that he was told by a claimed psychic that his presence was needed to heal and teach the world. Due to several statements being taken out of context, his credibility is questionable. That is not to say he doesn't have his supporters, and they firmly believe that his basic message of the Order of the Illuminati being a timeless entity that is part of the universe's master plan of a one world government has a lot of merit. Others however simply classify him as another conspiracy theorist.
William Guy Carr is another proponent of the Illuminati conspiracy. Born in England in 1895, he joined the Scottish Navy and achieved high honors during World War I. It was shortly after this that he began speaking about the conspiracies of communism and capitalism, with the large international banking families being at the head of the global financial table. Carr most definitely took the religious viewpoint of the Illuminati–that they were an evil, Satanic based organization which was bent on destroying the world.
The messages in his book Pawns of the Game he indicates the Illuminati and Freemasons as part of the "Luciferian conspiracy" that had actually been in existence since before the time of Christ. He has been accused by many of being biased and anti-Semitic although he has said that his references are for those who claim to be of the Jewish faith and are actually undercover soldiers for evil and corruption as he reiterates in another book Synagogue of Satan. His anti-communism platforms and endorsements of such political leaders as McCarthy during the 1950's are often thought to have led to the fear and negative beliefs that instigated the Cold War era. The symbolism of the American one dollar bill that he often spoke about is one that is still hotly debated today and will be discussed further in this article.
Behold A Pale Horse by William Milton Cooper
Without a doubt, one of the loudest speakers about the globalist control of an elite few today is Alex Jones (Alex Jones Infowars). His viewpoints come across loud and clear with exposes and 'evidence' of world leaders meeting in secret places. The Bohemian Grove Club was one that he claims to have infiltrated and exposed as a meeting place of debauchery and mock human sacrifices.
In actuality, the Bohemian Club was founded in 1872 as an elite club for those during the post Gold Rush days of California who wanted to keep culture and the arts alive. It is indeed a club that many political leaders have belonged to,but the evidence Jones recites is scant at best as far as the members. He hits on a few, but others he misses the mark, so it is difficult to tell where the truth ends and his own theories and agendas begin.
William Milton Cooper (Behold a Pale Horse), another one who spoke of the New World Order and secret conspiracies believed that Jones was actually a tool of the Illuminati and because of the misinformation and crazed allegations, the real truth was getting further buried.
Cooper was killed during a shootout with police in November of 2001 over an issue of a local warrant very shortly after announcing his opinion on his radio show–which of course gave his followers even more fuel for secret and hidden agendas to keep the truth at bay.
One thing that many of the conspiracies about globalism and the Illuminati have in common are the symbols which are said to infiltrate items that we are exposed to and use every day. It is said by those who support these theories that the Illuminati as well as the Freemasons are obsessed with symbols representing their agendas. Some believe that these symbols being used and easily seen by all of us are actually subliminally programming us to follow a New World Order when the time comes.
The Sun Cycles:
Many of us are familiar with the sign of the Zodiac and don't think much about it other than the astrological horoscopes that are printed in daily newspapers for amusement. However, the symbolism of the sun being the path to deeper knowledge goes back to ancient times and there are many royal dynasties that have adopted that ideology into their own symbolism. This in turn has led some to suspect that these symbols actually mean their allegiance to a global order of government.
The Tower of Babel:
The Tower of Babel
While the phrase itself is not actually said in the book, the reference to the tower allegedly built on the Mesopotamian region of Shinar is spoken of in the Bible.
This tower was said to contain all of humanity speaking one language and living under one rule. This apparently displeased God and the people within its confines were forced to move about the earth and speak different languages. This reference is often used by those who believe the Illuminati want that type of existence.
A painting that was done that showed one man's image of what the Tower of Babel may have looked like was used to design the European Parliamentary Building located in the town of Strasburg in France, which further fuels the conspiratorial fires of the ultimate goal of globalism run by a select few.
The All-Seeing Eye and the Pyramid:
This has been one that got a lot of its origins from William Carr's theories, particularly in regards to money. The back of the one dollar bill has the pyramid with the broken top and an eye inside the upper part. The words "annuit coeptis" are plainly written, meaning "He has favored our undertakings" The symbolism of the All Seeing Eye inside the Pyramid is taken as a one world government, a select elite being the eye inside the broken top. This is further expounded on with the words written directly underneath– "novus ordo seclorum" or "a new order of the ages". Conspiracy theorists have taken this to mean the symbolism of the New World Order.
Symbolism in the Media:
These are but a few of the symbols that are often heralded as earmarks of the Illuminati, and here in the last few decades, the focus has been on the entertainment industry. Everything from the CBS logo to Lady Gaga's getups and costumes are quoted as being tools of globalism to turn all human beings into compliant sheep. The fact that many people look to celebrities before all else as far as public figures are concerned is often referred to as part of this elite master plan. Anything with an eye, a pyramid, a triangle, as well as several others are placed with warnings on Illuminati websites saying that all of this is geared toward the end times, the rule of the Antichrist, and humankind's fall from grace.
Illuminati Theories – Is There Anything To This?
There has never been the denial of secret societies, and since the Church sponsored oppression of them in the 18th and 19th centuries ended, there has been little done to stop them. The Freemasons continue as a respected organization and 'secret' meetings of elite world leaders (such as the Bilderberg Group) are not denied. And yes, there is no denying that there are secrets that are kept from the masses as a whole. Every few years new secrets are declassified that become open for public knowledge that shows us how little we know about the leaders of our country and what they are really doing "behind the scenes".
However–when it comes to actual, hard core, unedited, and undeniable proof of what is really happening behind that curtain–we are foolish if we think for one minute that we will ever get the full story. The theories of symbolism and the actual Bavarian Illuminati surviving past its fifteen year span in the late 18th century are chock full of holes and edited information. We are in many cases, simply expected to take someone's word that they were part of some conspiracy or part of some Satanic ritual that put the plans of terrorism into place. The stories become so convoluted and one must ask..is that not part of a plan to keep the truth buried even further? To let the unproven, unsubstantiated, and often too far-fetched theories take hold will have most of society saying 'that is too unbelievable, therefore NONE of it can be true".
The one dollar bill is said to hold much symbolism inspired by the Freemasons and the Illuminati. The truth is out of the four men appointed to create the design, only one was a Freemason (Benjamin Franklin) and he was not the one who originated the idea of the design. That was the French artist Pierre du Simitiere, who was not a member of the Freemasons. None of the final decisions made for the design were Freemasons. The symbol for the All Seeing Eye has represented the eye of God for centuries, and certainly before 1797 which were the first references to the Freemasons were made with its association. The entertainment industry certainly has its manipulations on the public, but they are more about the almighty dollar than an almighty government.
Again, none of that is to say that there is no truth whatsoever–make no mistake, we as a society do not get the full truth. However, to look at the facts and the history, it is plain to see that whatever 'secrets' are going on under the wire have been buried even farther than the theories about them have attempted to dig. Unfortunately with some that have had their own agendas–in an attempt to create evidence that has been shown to be false, the truth may be buried even deeper.
Written by Angela Sangster, Copyright 2012 BestOfAllTopics.com
Author RosesPosted on February 29, 2012 September 12, 2014 Categories Myths & LegendsTags Freemasons, Illuminati, William Cooper
One thought on "Illuminati History and Basics"
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text:
You have navigated to "Everything You Need to Know About Adaptogens"
Diary / Wellness / Sep 26, 2022
Everything You Need to Know About Adaptogens
Written by: Elyse Moody
There's a new kind of herbs popping up in supplements and health foods: adaptogens. One of three introductory classes of the plants, they help us adapt to our environment by supporting our immune system, energy and focus levels, and stress response. (The other two are nervines, which support the nervous system, and nutritives, which can be eaten as food.) You may have heard the words ashwaganda, cordyceps mushrooms, he shou wu, maca, rhodiola, and schisandra flying around recently, with the growth of companies like Moon Juice—they're all adaptogens. Now-familiar superfoods like goji berries are too. So are herbal standbys like ginseng, holy basil (tulsi), licorice, and nettle. But there are plenty you may not have heard of…yet.
Agatha Noveille knows adaptogens from from first-hand experience. The Georgia-based herbalist and founder of the Common Branch herb school started using the herbs to help ease her Lyme disease symptoms. Her new book, The Complete Guide to Adaptogens (Adams Media), is a fresh, modern handbook to 24 of these super-relevant-to-our-lives herbs, with recipes to show you how to make your own tinctures to take daily on their own or put to use in delicious yogurts, drinks, and more. We called her at her farm to get her take on why adaptogens are so in demand now, and ask her to share her sources for herbal therapies that really work.
Why do you think we're hearing the word "adaptogen" everywhere all of a sudden?
It's definitely a really timely topic. There has been a big shift in the health community over the past decade. I started out working in health-food stores about 12 years ago, and back then there was a lot of trying to substitute herbs for western, allopathic health care. People have become more interested in self-care. And adaptogens are such a useful class of herbs, because they support your overall wellness, and because they do best if you use them on a daily basis. More and more herbalists I follow are working more with them and talking about them, too. For instance, Deb File of Avena Botanicals has some really wonderful YouTube videos where she teaches how to grow and use adaptogens. Herbal Academy, which I have written for and helped develop courses for, did a whole YouTube video series this spring.
I had no idea there was a community of herbalists on YouTube!
People say herbalist and you picture a folksy, older, wise-woman type, but all of the sudden a lot of millennials are interested in it. There's this whole young, really hip vibe coming into herbalism that I absolutely love.
If someone is new to herbalism, where do you suggest they start out?
Adaptogens are one of the best places for people to start with herbalism, because they're everyday herbs you can incorporate into your routine. That really makes the whole thing more approachable. I find a lot of people get really excited about the idea of learning how to make a basic herbal tea. It can be really interesting—there are different ways of preparing what we call in herbalism infusions and concoctions. If you have a leafy material or a flower, you steep those the way you would a tea bag. But if you have a woodier material, like a bark or a root or even a dried berry, you actually boil those for a brief period of time before you let it sit. That's really exciting—it's this little bit of alchemy that you get to play with.
Rhodiola is one that most people will find at least reasonably appetizing. It tastes a little bit like roses smell, which is how it gets its other name: rose root. It's not overpowering. Eleuthero has a very buoyant, kind of sweet taste. Personally I don't like the taste of astragalus that much. It has kind of a woody flavor to it that I don't care for.
Is that the one you wrote smells like pencil shavings?
Yes! That one. [Laughs] And alma is a really good one, because it's a berry. It has a kind of fruity taste. Schisandra is also a berry, but its other name is five-flavor berry; it has this really complex flavor that I personally really like. It's a fun experience the first time you bite into a schisandra berry, but I know it can be a little overpowering for some people.
Did that make it challenging to develop recipes?
Yes, absolutely. That was something that I struggled with, because I didn't want the herbs to be only a flavor; I wanted there to be enough to qualify as a serving size. With some of herbs, you have to disguise the taste more. With others, you really want to bring the flavor out.
I wanted to ask about stress specifically. If someone came to you and told you they felt really stressed, what herbs would you suggest they try?
Well, first I would find out what stress looks like for them. To two different people, "I'm stressed" can mean two entirely different things. You need to find out how that person is dealing with their stress. Are they feeling more challenged emotionally or physically? That's the main division there. If you're feeling really challenged emotionally with stress, you want to go with things like schisandra and rhodiola; tulsi is another really good one. For someone who's feeling more physical tiredness and fatigue, just kind of dragging from all the stress, rhodiola can also be really good, but then you look at herbs like maca and eleuthero and some of the other adaptogens herbs that help boost energy. Because all adaptogens help your body balance different stresses, it's really just a matter of figuring out how stress is affecting you and which herbs help you the most—which ones resonate with you, is what I like to say.
What's your go-to combination?
I started out working with rhodiola and tulsi, and then eleuthero. I still use tulsi a lot. I have actually been trialing five different varieties of tulsi out in my garden this year, so that has been really exciting. And schisandra has been a huge help with all my different writing projects, because it helps with focus. It has this really wonderful way of helping you feel calm and focused and yet at the same time you feel more mentally alert, as opposed to something that dulls your senses and helps you feel calm.


Discovering the Human Climax social evolutionary pattern was the philosophical climax of my social activist's desire to have a unifying theory behind my work attempting to create a working model for radical transformation of society. I was then and still am a communitarian socialist by preference. However, the militant socialism of Marx, Lenin, and Mao dominating the Socialist world then, held no appeal for me.
I knew they were very wrong to try to convert the Capitalist world by force. True socialist society cannot be dominated by militarists. Militarists are always willing to sacrifice naive young men and women and their own society's economic support system to do battle with the enemy whatever it is.
It was clear to me that capitalists would not only win the wars against militant socialist societies but would make money doing so. War is a very lucrative capitalist enterprise. The various communitarian experiments in the last century and in the 1960's communes didn't have any answers either as their experiments in social change either died within a few years or lasted only through totalitarian-like commitment to the group's leader or leaders and the group or cult lifestyle, e.g. the Mennonites, Hutterites, Amish, and the farther out cults today.
Actually, Marx had already co-opted the communitarian movement in the 1800's when he labeled his state socialist system "Communism" and proceeded to ridicule communitarian social theories and groups as "unscientific". But one thing I did admire in Marxist-Leninism was the commitment to practice what you preach and then learn from your mistakes: Theory-Praxis-Theory.
In 1968 I had proposed a new intentional cooperative community model--the Communiversity, which combined a new type of community college-government-economic production center as the main organizing and administrative system for a surrounding cooperative community of diverse communes. In the early '70's I and my wife and another communitarian organized a small commune with a primary goal of organizing a larger cooperative community.
We were an activist commune, really a collective, unlike the more numerous spiritual and flat-out hippie communes. We worked hard and built our own small cabins surrounding a main communal farm house. We became proficient in the French Intensive-Biodynamic organic gardening technique and produced abundant crops using very little water, very little arable land, and no machines.
We started a nationwide communal information magazine that is still going today--Communities magazine. We held communal information living conferences, we had communal enterprises, we authored the Communitarian Village proposal which though written in 1973 is still relevant today as if focuses on forming an ecologically sound and democratically run cooperative community, a model of human community harmoniously interfacing the natural world.
But like most all the communal experiments in the 1960's and '70's, we were all haunted by our childhood conditioning learning how to be individualistic in a society where money and/or power rule. Communitarian ideals or not, we couldn't cope with the reality of sharing everything, including our emotional baggage and ego trips, and we bailed out of the communal movement one by one. Theory-Praxis-Theory.
In 1975 I discovered the Climax Civilization social evolutionary pattern. Such a simple concept really- plant and animal species survive and evolve in natural interspecies balancing acts biologists have labeled "Climax Communities" because these balancing acts go through a series of configurations and re-alignments before stabilizing in a final formation.
Well, human beings are animals, so the Climax succession pattern must somehow apply to our species as well. Sure enough, the anthropological record shows that prehistoric and the few remaining wild tribal societies today live a universally similar lifestyle, the hunting and gathering lifestyle, that physically and psychologically connects each member of these human groups directly to the supporting natural environment. What then of human civilization since the advent of agriculture some 10,000 years ago? This is where the Human Climax evolutionary succession pattern comes into the picture.
"Climax Civilization 101" was a treatise I first published in 1977. The treatise was presented as a lecture to students enrolled in the then fantasy Mateel University which later briefly actually existed as the Mateel Communiversity. In the treatise I give a generalized overall view of the basic idea of human history following an unseen biological succession pattern with a definite goal: the re-establishment of a new human Climax lifestyle which will give human communities survival capacity while carrying the best fruits of civilization forward into the only future possible- one where human civilization and the supporting natural environment co-exist in lasting harmony.
"Climax: the kind of community capable of perpetuation under prevailing climatic and edaphic (soil) conditions. The terminal stage of a sere under prevailing conditions.
Sere: the series of stages that follow one another in ecological succession.
Succession: the replacement of one kind of community by another. The progressive changes in vegetation and in animal life which may culminate in the Climax.
Besides having at least some acquaintance with these dictionary definitions of the ecological Climax, most of us living here in the Mateel have a continuous firsthand experience with the pattern as we live in the midst of ravaged forests struggling to re-establish themselves. Most of us have some awareness of the succession pattern on logged-over land. First, the various types of brush establish themselves on the open ground along with young hardwood trees such as tanoaks and madrones. These trees in turn grow up and give needed shade for the young softwood trees. Finally, the forest climax is re-established with redwoods dominating the lower elevations and Douglas firs and mixed hardwoods dominant in the hills above them. This is a comparatively short term Climax sequence.
For a longer term perspective let's consider a late Pleistocene plant-animal community experiencing the transition from an Ice Age environment to a warmer, drier one. What happens to those plants and animals in their previously stable climax? The ones that can will evolve in whatever ways and forms that are naturally selected over the transition period which allow for survival in the changed environment. Some species will lose most of their dense fur or thick bark which has become a hindrance to temperature regulation in the new warmer climate. Some species will simply switch diets to survive while others will miss out altogether by not evolving any necessary changes in structure or lifestyle or by evolving some new form suitable for, let's say, the first stage of the transition period but not for later stages. In any event, after a lot of evolutionary trial and error, a whole new improved set of plants and animals will have established themselves in a new climax succession pattern which matches the new environmental conditions.
Now we're ready for the main hypothesis of the Climax Social Evolution Theory. Of course it's obvious that human beings as an evolving species have successfully adjusted to changes in the environment during the past geological epochs, otherwise we wouldn't be here today. But now watch what happens when we consider human history and the rise of civilization during the past 10,000 years as the logical social extension of the ecological Climax pattern. A previously well hidden pattern emerges: What we refer to as the "history of civilization" may in biological reality be an evolutionary succession pattern of human community lifestyle changes that progress, each one conditioning the development of the next as in any proper sere sequence, towards the re-establishment of a stable and self-perpetuating, a human community dominant Climax. Perhaps we have become so removed from our own biological past by this journey in technological and social development which is "history" that to consider it in these simple biological terms may at first seem foreign. But let's continue with the argument and see where it leads.
From a Climax Social Evolutionary Theory perspective, what has happened through history is that our species has paid and is still paying an enormous price for technological breakthroughs and subsequent social re-organizations beginning with the discovery of agriculture. These discoveries during the past 10,000 years or so have progressively pushed human communities out of balance with one another and with the surrounding life-supporting environment. Before the advent of agriculture human communities had managed fairly well to live and evolve in ecological harmony with the natural communities of life. The hunting and gathering lifestyle humans led was a successful Climax lifestyle for several million years. But then it happened, although not overnight by any means, that gradually the seeds of discontent with the natural food delivery system were sown and human society has never been the same since. The nearly universal myth of a previous Golden Age and the subsequent Fall of humanity may refer directly to the passage of most human communities from the relatively stable and therefore secure hunting and gathering lifestyle into the progressively estrangement and alienation from the natural world which parallels the rise of civilization.
So there's the heart of the matter according to Climax Social Evolution Theory. To survive as a species human beings need a stable relationship with their environment. We know the hunting and gathering lifestyle has been a proven winner for the greater part of our species existence in the natural ecology of the Biosphere. And we know that thus far we haven't had much luck finding the answer to civilization and its discontents with still more civilization alienated from the rest of Nature. Are we to follow the Mayan example and solve the problem of civilization by giving it up and fading back into the forest for a return to the original Climax lifestyle? What is to be done?
Well, not to worry! As someone once said, "It's inevitable! Climax Social Evolution Consciousness or Climax Consciousness for short, is coming and in more ways than two. Not Marxism's "economic necessity", although economics plays a big part, but the Biosphere's reaction to human overpopulation and over-production of environmentally toxic substances is the irresistible force behind the coming universalization of Climax Consciousness. Nothing short of this type of perspective on human development will allow us to discover holistic ecology patterns and lifestyles now vitally necessary for our species' continued survival. One way or another, we are all going to return to a Climax relationship with the rest of Nature. It is just our choice at this point whether that return is to the previous hunting and gathering lifestyle falling on the heels of the collapse of civilization by one or more of the Big Boogies or to a new human-plant-animal Climax, a new Climax Civilization. Climax Social Evolution Theory optimistically predicts the latter and acts to facilitate its development.
Climax Consciousness facilitates the development of a new Climax Civilization. A simple aim on the face of it but one that is infinitely complex in scope. This is because this perspective must necessarily be a holistic ecological consciousness concerned with just about everything having to do with human communities and lifestyles, their relationships with each other and with the biological life-support systems of the planet. Environmental, social, political, economic, cultural, technological, spiritual, and personal factors must all be taken in consideration to bring about a new ecologically balanced human society. Climax Consciousness is nothing if not full of wholes.
Climax Consciousness is above all a useful tool for describing what we need in terms of ecological analysis of social structuring and necessary social change.
The first utility of Climax Consciousness is that it describes the dominant social change process underlying all major social transformations during the past 10,000 years. In the grand march of History, civilizations rise and fall in a complex sequential pattern leading to a final goal of establishing a new universal human Climax lifestyle to replace the old one of hunting and gathering. This human Climax goal isn't the establishment of a glorious worker's paradise or a free enterprise Monopoly game world. It is basic biology in action. It is simply the manner by which human communities will evolve into stable and self-perpetuating Climax Communities that "fit" into the biological networks that give lasting support to these communities of human animals.
"Progress" in past usage referred to expanding human power to impact the natural and social environments human beings dominated at the expense of weaker or silent elements within these societies and natural habitats. "Progress" then was a term for human aggression turned inward and outward in transitory or unsustainable cycles of conquest that usually could only temporarily benefit a very small portion of the "progressive" societies involved. "Progress" in Climax Consciousness becomes an ecological definition describing the manner in which human communities evolve into Climax Communities and into a worldwide cooperative network of such communities which will constitute Climax Civilization. This brings us to the second utility of Climax Consciousness- its automatic imposition of an "ecological wisdom" value system. If the now conscious social goal is participating in the development of human Climax Communities linked together in a worldwide Climax Civilization, then all major social structures, social activities, and technology will be analyzed, valued, used or discarded depending whether they work for or against Climax Community building. One can now use Climax Consciousness a synonym for the highest stage of ecological wisdom in reference to human social activity, social structuring, and technology.
As we saw with the difference in definitions of "progress" in light of Climax Community values, so too can we apply "Climax" as a means of instantly conveying an ecological wisdom system to a broad range of categories, e.g., "Climax technology" describing ecologically wise techniques and tools as opposed to "modern technology" which signifies no positive or negative value or real worth to the long range survival needs of human communities. We can continue to use "Climax" to focus in on specific areas of Climax technology, e.g., development of a Climax Silvaculture that promotes both human community and bioregional stability as opposed to anti-Climax forestry practices such as massive clearcutting and herbicide spraying which wreaks havoc on all involved ecological systems. Still focusing in we can even consider Climax tools like the hammer, the axe, and the shovel. Most Climax tools are easy to spot: They are simple efficient designs that have been around for centuries and that will always be needed. How long will the gas powered chainsaw, car, or Bic lighter be around before these eco-destructive products of our present "modern" technological myopia are replaced forever by Climax alternative technology?
The third aspect of utility for the Climax Consciousness concept is its inherent holistic unification capability. Just as the Biosphere is a unity of diversity composed of countless communities of plants and animals, each uniquely adapted to its particular environment yet harmoniously interacting with the biodynamic ecology of surrounding biological communities (extinction being the ultimate price of non-harmony), so too with Human Climax Communities. Regions differ producing differing sets of plants and animal species. Human Climax Communities will adapt to their local environments producing endless variety within a universal Climax Civilization pattern of cooperative integration. After (now 31) years I still know of no other social evolution paradigm that can surpass the Climax Social Evolution Theory in clarifying human social evolution or for providing an ecological value system for guidance in these critical times.


The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency presented Mark Beall of Stanardsville, Va., with the mid-Atlantic region's award for excellence in operating a small public drinking water system.
Beall was nominated for the award by the Virginia Department of Health for his exceptional contributions to the Woodberry Forest School and its community. Through his leadership and direction, the Woodberry Forest School has maintained perfect compliance for the past eight years and achieved optimal corrosion control treatment for the first time. Beall also created a community e-mail network to inform customers about their drinking water quality.
EPA's mid-Atlantic region created the Professional Operator Excellence Award in 2006 to highlight the importance of public water systems and to recognize outstanding performance by public water system plant operators. The award can be given to operators in two categories: large (serving more than 3,300 customers) and small (serving fewer than 3,300 customers) public water systems.
For additional information about the Professional Operator Excellence Award visit www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinking/awards.htm#operator.


The active galaxy NGC 1275 is also a well-known radio source (Perseus A) and a strong emitter of X-rays due to the presence of a black hole in the center of the galaxy. The behemoth also lies at the center of the cluster of galaxies known as the Perseus Cluster. By combining multi-wavelength images into a single composite, the dynamics of the galaxy are more easily visible. Detail and structure from radio, optical and radio wavelengths combine for an aesthetically pleasing, but nonetheless violent depiction of events going on at the heart of the galaxy.
X-ray data from the Chandra's Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer and radio data from NRAO's Very Large Array were combined with optical wavelengths in the red, green and blue from Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys. In the composite image, the X-ray data contribute to the soft violet shells around the outside of the center. The pinkish lobes toward the center of the galaxy are from radio frequencies. The radio emission, tracing jets from the black hole, fills the X-ray cavities. Dust lanes, star-forming regions, hydrogen filaments, foreground stars, and background galaxies are contributions from the Hubble optical data.


The Minnesota Harvest Horse Show is the longest running indoor, exclusively hunter/jumper horse show in the country. Held each fall in St. Paul, MN at the Coliseum on the state fairgrounds, MHHS is the destination horse show for midwest competitors. Over 300 competitors ride in more than 160 classes over the course of 6 days. More than $70,000 in prize monies are awarded throughout the show. Cornerstone classes include the the $2,500 Welcome Stake, $10,000 Infinity Direct Jr/AO Jumper Classic, the $5,000 Purina Hunter Spectacular, and the $30,000 Nutrena Grand Prix of Minnesota. New for 2009, we are featuring the Ariat Jumping with the Stars! celebrity jumping event, scheduled just prior to the Grand Prix. And the Enchanting Minis – miniature horses shown in-hand over fences.
Our blog will chronicle the progress of the celebrities as they swing their leg over a horse for the first time, and begin to learn how to ride. And we'll also provide information about the development of events happening within the horse show. Tune in to find out the latest news.
During the show, we plan to blog about the classes, who has won what, when and on which horse. So you'll have a ringside seat to the action, even if you can't be present in person. Multiple people will be blogging here through the duration of the summer and the show itself. So check back, and talk back! We want to hear from you.


As many as eight people were wounded in a shooting at a low-rider car show outside a Kent, Washington, strip mall late Saturday afternoon, according to a King County fire and rescue dispatcher.
"We have a ton of medical staff on the scene and are transporting people to local hospitals," the dispatcher said.
A witness who works at a business near the shooting site told CNN affiliate KOMO that she heard about 10 shots.
"I saw a lot of people running everywhere, running across the street, then the cops showed up," the witness, Trish Harvey, said.
The site, near Pacific Highway, is a few miles south of Seattle-Tacoma International Airport.
[Updated at 7:57 p.m. ET] A high-speed bullet train collision in eastern China's Zhejiang province late Saturday left 33 people dead and nearly 200 injured, state-run news agency Xinhua reported.
Witnesses told China National Radio that a bullet train stopped on the tracks because of a power outage from a lightning strike.
Another bullet train traveling in the same direction rammed into the first train from behind and caused four of its cars to fall from an elevated bridge, the radio report said.
Retired Army Gen. John Shalikashvili, a former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has died of complications from a stroke, his executive assistant said Saturday. He was 75.
Shalikashvili passed away Saturday at Madigan Army Medical Center in Tacoma, Washington, according to assistant Rachel McLain.
A funeral is expected to be held at Arlington National Cemetery.
Born in Poland in 1936, Shalikashvili became the first foreign-born chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1993. He held the post until his retirement in 1997, serving under former President Bill Clinton, who awarded Shalikashvili the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Prior to that, he was NATO's 10th supreme allied commander in Europe.
Singer Amy Winehouse, who had a history of battling drugs and alcohol, had recently left a rehab program.
Singer Amy Winehouse was found dead at her apartment in London on Saturday, the UK Press Association reported. She was 27.
The "Rehab" singer had a history of battling drugs and alcohol and recently left a British rehabilitation program that a representative said was intended to prepare her for scheduled European concerts.
But she cut short the European concert tour in Belgrade, Serbia, last month after she staggered around the stage and stumbled through several songs.
The troubled British singer was known for a stirring, soulful voice that many considered a throwback to the Motown sound.
She had a breakout year in 2008 when she won several Grammy Awards, including Record of the Year and Song of the Year for her hit "Rehab." Her album "Back to Black" garnered Best Pop Vocal Album and Album of the Year.
Winehouse's volatile marriage to Blake Fielder-Civil took a toll on the singer's career. The couple divorced in 2009 after a stormy two years marked by drug addiction and arrests.
Winehouse's parents went public with their efforts to help their daughter, telling the London Telegraph in 2009 that she was on the road to recovery.
"A gradual recovery, which is good," Winehouse's father, Mitch, told the Telegraph. "With slight backward steps - not drug backward steps, more drink backward steps if you follow my drift. I think that will be the pattern of recovery."
[Update: 7:45 p.m. Saturday ET, 1:45 a.m. Sunday in Oslo] Anders Behring Breivik, a man charged in connection with Friday's bombing and mass shooting in Norway, "is ready to explain himself" in a court hearing Monday, a man who identified himself as Breivik's lawyer told Norwegian broadcaster TV2.
Geir Lippestad also told TV2 that Breivik believed the terrorist attacks were "horrible," but "in his head (they) were necessary."
CNN was attempting to contact Lippestad to independently confirm his statements on behalf of Breivik.
[Update: 7:26 p.m. Saturday ET, 1:14 a.m. Sunday in Oslo] The suspect in Friday's bombing and mass shooting in Norway believed the terrorist attacks were "horrible," but "in his head (they) were necessary," a man who identified himself as the suspect's lawyer told Norwegian broadcaster TV2.
Geir Lippestad told TV2 late Saturday that he represented Anders Behring Breivik, who was arrested Friday after twin terror attacks that left at least 92 dead.
[Update: 6:14 p.m. Saturday ET, 12:14 a.m. Sunday in Oslo] Vivian Paulsen, a spokeswoman for the Norwegian Red Cross, said survivors of Friday's attacks that killed at least 92 people in Norway are in varied emotional states - with some "very vocal" and others more guarded.
"Many of them are in shock, and they will need help for a long time," Paulsen told CNN on Saturday.
Also Saturday, U.S. President Barack Obama and U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon talked with Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg to extend their condolences and, in the case of Obama, to offer assistance, those two leaders' offices said in statements.
[Update: 12:34 p.m. ET, 6:34 p.m. Oslo] At least four people are still missing after Friday's twin attacks that killed at least 92 people in Norway, police said Saturday.
Investigators were still searching for bodies of victims of the bomb attack in downtown Oslo, police said.
"We know that there are remains of bodies in the ruins of the buildings. And it's a bit of a jigsaw puzzle and a very difficult search. There are body parts in the buildings. We have confirmed seven dead, but there may be more," said Sveinung Sponheim, chief police officer.
At least 85 others were killed in a shooting at a youth camp.
[Update: 12:24 p.m. ET, 6:24 p.m. Oslo] Investigators are uncertain whether only one suspect was involved in twin attacks in Norway that killed at least 92 people Friday, Norwegian police said Saturday.
"We're not sure it's just one person ... based on statements from witnesses, we think there may be more," said Sveinung Sponheim, chief police officer.
One man is in custody.
"It's very difficult at this point to say whether he was acting alone or whether he was acting as part of a larger network," he added.
[Update: 10:30 a.m. ET, 4:30 p.m. Oslo] The total death toll from Friday's attacks has risen to 92 (85 from the shootings on Utoya Island, seven from the Oslo bombing), Norwegian police said.


text:
Alam Zeb Safi
'Indo-Pak tension will not affect OCA meeting'
KARACHI: Pakistan's sports officials believe that the expected meeting of the South Asia Olympic Council in Bangkok early next month will not be affected by the prevailing tension between Pakistan and India.
"Indian Olympic Association (IOA) does not support its government's stance to deny Pakistani athletes India's visas for a shooting event. I firmly believe that the tension between India and Pakistan will not affect the South Asian nations' meeting on the sidelines of the Olympic Council of Asia's (OCA) General Assembly meeting in Bangkok in which the 13th South Asian Games fresh dates are expected to be finalised," a senior sports official told 'The News' on Saturday.
"The South Asian Games is not an event of Pakistan or India, but it also carries six other nations of the region. I hope it will be a smooth meeting," the official said.
Nepal was supposed to host the South Asian Games in March this year but they were postponed because venues were not prepared. It is expected that the biennial event will be shifted to September-October.
In a statement to the Press Trust of India (PTI), IOA secretary Rajeev Mehta said Friday, "It's a dangerous situation for all sports in the country. In addition to not being able to host events in India, there may be problems for our athletes to take part in international events."
India invited the wrath of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) after it denied visas to the Pakistani shooting team which was scheduled to feature in the World Cup in New Delhi.
The IOC Executive Board revoked the Olympic qualifiers status of the 25m rapid fire pistol the other day following the request of the National Rifle Association of Pakistan (NRAP) to the International Shooting Sports Federation (ISSF).
However, the official feared that India's attitude could not only dent its own chances of hosting international events in future but it could also create problems for Pakistan to claim the rights of hosting international events.
"This is a big issue. It may also hurt Pakistan as far as claiming the rights of hosting international events is concerned as in that case we will have to give guarantee of issuing visas to India," the official said.
Meanwhile, another Pakistani official said that the governments should not meddle in sports as it was against the IOC Charter.
"Sports should be kept away from politics. IOC charter teaches peace and it has no space for any such hatred and discrimination," the official added.
The IOC said the situation went against the fundamental principle of the Olympic Charter "to not discriminate against any athlete".
The visa refusal comes amid escalating tensions between the two countries following last week's deadly suicide bombing against Indian paramilitary troops in Kashmir. At least 40 Indian soldiers were killed in Thursday's attack, for which New Delhi has blamed Pakistan.
The prevailing situation has also dented the chances of India's kabaddi team series against Pakistan in mid-March on Pakistan's soil.
Pakistan is also expected to host an international handball event in Faisalabad in April. This correspondent has learnt that India has not yet confirmed its entry.
A senior Pakistani sports official said that the government would have to support the national federations pertaining to organising international events in future.
"If we organise an international event in future our government will have to back us strongly as we will have to give India visas for an event. It will not damage us if India then refuses to come to feature in any event in Pakistan," added the official.


This CD has it all. An overall great workout CD combining traditional belly dance music with techno, and soul rythms.
This will get you movin!
Please click on the first three tracks below to hear a sample.


Here is the AccuWeather Regional Radar from 10:45am.
The purple is freezing rain or mixed precipitation. There has already been a fatal auto accident in Missouri involving a vehicle skidding on the ice. The accident occurred south of St. Louis on I-55.
Here is the latest freezing rain amount forecast from the US Global Forecast System model. Based on it, I see no reason to change the forecasts that are displayed below. The timing (see below) looks good, also. Remember, when I display these model forecasts, do not focus on an exact location.
I'll update again this afternoon.


text:
package com.diffplug.common.base;

import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.stream.Collector;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

/** Useful collectors which aren't included as Java 8 built-ins. */
public class MoreCollectors {
	/**
	 * Collector which traverses a stream and returns either a single element
	 * (if there was only one element) or empty (if there were 0 or more than 1
	 * elements).  It traverses the entire stream, even if two elements
	 * have been encountered and the empty return value is now certain.
	 *

	 * Implementation credit to Misha on StackOverflow.
	 */
	public static <T> Collector<T, ?, Optional<T>> singleOrEmpty() {
		return Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(),
				lst -> lst.size() == 1 ? Optional.of(lst.get(0)) : Optional.empty());
	}

	/**
	 * Same behavior as {@link #singleOrEmpty}, except that it returns
	 * early if it is possible to do so.  Unfortunately, it is not possible
	 * to implement early-return behavior using the Collector interface,
	 * so MoreCollectors takes the stream as an argument.
	 *

	 * Implementation credit to Thomas Jungblut on StackOverflow.
	 */
	public static <T> Optional<T> singleOrEmptyShortCircuiting(Stream<T> stream) {
		return stream.limit(2).map(Optional::ofNullable).reduce(Optional.empty(),
				(a, b) -> a.isPresent() ^ b.isPresent() ? b : Optional.empty());
	}

	/**
	 * Converts a stream of unicode code points into a String.
	 *

	 * {@code
	 * String spacesRemoved = MoreCollectors.codePointsToString("a b c".codePoints().filter(c -> c != ' '));
	 * Assert.assertEquals("abc", spacesRemoved);;
	 * }
	 *

	 */
	public static String codePointsToString(IntStream codePoints) {
		return codePoints.collect(StringBuilder::new, StringBuilder::appendCodePoint, StringBuilder::append).toString();
	}
}


text:
Q: @Configuration & @Bean multiple which can be inject this is a springBoot1.5.22 project.I have 3 java config Bean ,use @Configuration and @Bean annotation.
when i try to run project with debug mode。why myBean method of ConfigurationC execute ? ,the myBean method of ConfigurationA and ConfigurationB not execute。what is mechanism ?
packages of the classes
start class
@Configuration
public class ConfigurationA {
    @Bean
    public MyBean myBean(){
        System.out.println("ConfigurationA myBean init");
        return new MyBean();
    }
}

@Configuration
public class ConfigurationB {
    @Bean
    public MyBean myBean(){
        System.out.println("ConfigurationB myBean init");
        return new MyBean();
    }
}

@Configuration
public class ConfigurationC {
    @Bean
    public MyBean myBean(){
        System.out.println("ConfigurationC myBean init");
        return new MyBean();
    }
}

A: Like @jackycflau said in the comment above, all your beans have the same name.
These three beans, all with the same name and type, are being loaded (but not yet initialized) sequentially into the application context (bean container). When a bean named "myBean" of type MyBean is returned from the application context, you get the one from ConfigurationC because it was the last one written into the container, which overwrote the previous two beans of the same name/type. It's apparently not being initialized until it's actually pulled from the container by client code, which is why it's the only one whose code actually runs.

A: please provide code snippets to analyse it more.
Bean id should be unique. I don't think you would be allowed to create beans with same beanid.
please try below code
@Configuration
public class ConfigurationA {
    @Bean
    public MyBean myBean(){
        System.out.println("ConfigurationA myBean init");
        return new MyBean();
    }
}

@Configuration
public class ConfigurationB {
    @Bean
    public MyBean myBean1(){
        System.out.println("ConfigurationB myBean init");
        return new MyBean();
    }
}

@Configuration
public class ConfigurationC {
    @Bean
    public MyBean myBean2(){
        System.out.println("ConfigurationC myBean init");
        return new MyBean();
    }
}

A: In Spring Boot 1.5.x the bean overriding is enabled by default.
This means, the bean definition tree is built first and then the last overriding bean is used (executed), all others are ignored (as they were overrided). In your case the last definition comes from ConfigurationC.
This mechanism prevents from ambitious bean definitions, where more than one definition is found, and Spring can't know which one to use - an error occurs (BeanDefinitionOverrideException).
Please note, this must be explicit enabled in Spring Boot 2.x.

A: You can try specifying names:
@Bean(name="bean1")

and then select the injected bean:
@Autowired
@Qualifier("bean1")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We are currently working with a high school in Houma, Louisiana which is facing the enormous task of taking in as many students as they can from the New Orleans area. Vandebilt Catholic High School is located about 50 miles southwest of New Orleans and is struggling to provide some normalcy to their hurricane refugee students. Currently they have taken in about 200 students and expect another 100 more.
Textbooks, desks and portable classrooms. Many of the families of the refugee students are without employment and the students will need living assistance in terms of luncheons, school supplies, etc.
If you can donate $5, $20, $50, $100, $500 or whatever you can to Vandebilt Catholic High School, it will be a life saver for those refugee students.
Please also help by re-sending this e-mail to your friends as well.