text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}

The interplay between charge and spin degrees of freedom results in various novel and exotic phases in strongly correlated electron systems. A paradigmatic model to describe this interplay is the Kondo lattice model (KLM) or double-exchange model (DEM), in which localized moments are coupled to itinerant electrons~\cite{zener-1951,anderson-1955,furukawa-1995,yunoki-1998,kubo-1972}. The mobile electrons in these systems act as mediators to establish the effective correlation between localized spins, giving rise to magnetic behavior. On the other hand, the scattering of these electrons from localized moments may affect the electronic and transport properties of these systems. The study becomes more fascinating when we have geometrical frustration as an extra degree of freedom. In such metallic frustrated magnets, the localized spins are arranged on some geometrically frustrated lattice. These charge-spin coupled systems on frustrated lattices often exhibit unconventional noncollinear spin textures that are not observed in their nonfrustrated counterparts and drive novel and exotic topological properties ~\cite{grohol-2005,balicas-2011,wen-1989,wen-1991,laughlin-1990}. For noncoplanar spin configurations, a measure of the noncoplanarity is a nonzero value of the scalar spin chirality defined on a triangle $\chi_\bigtriangleup=\mathbf{S}_i\cdot\mathbf{S}_j\times\mathbf{S}_k$. A nonzero value of chirality on frustrated lattices breaks both time-reversal $\mathcal{T}$ and parity $\mathcal{P}$ symmetries and drives some peculiar transport phenomena such as geometrical or topological Hall effect
	(THE)~\cite{udagawa-2013,boldrin-2012,taguchi-2001,nagaosa-2001,machida-2010,machida-2007}. These chiral spin configurations act as a source of fictitious magnetic field; when an itinerant electron moves over them in a closed path, it picks up an extra Berry phase, which results in THE~\cite{jinwu-1999,berry-1984,daniel-1992,kenya-2000}.
THE has been studied for Ferromagnetic Kondo lattice model on geometrically frustrated lattices such as triangular~\cite{yasu-2010,kipton-2013,rahmani-2013,takatsu-2010}, kagome~\cite{kenya-2000,kipton-2014,chern-2014}, checkerboard~\cite{venderbos-2012}, pyrochlore~\cite{chern-2010,nakatsuji-2006}, and fcc~\cite{shindou-2001} lattices. Chiral spin textures are essential to realizing these novel transport phenomena. In addition to the chiral spin textures, some other examples of unconventional magnetic order include the flux state, in which the spins are coplanar and arranged in a cyclic pattern on a square plaquette, and the
``all-in, all-out" state on the kagome lattice, which also supports novel transport phenomena~\cite{chen-2014,kubler-2014,nayake-2016}.

The unconventional spin textures emerging dynamically from the interplay between competing microscopic interactions on a frustrated lattice can be controlled with the help of external magnetic field, temperature, and pressure, which make them a potential candidate for application in spintronics. In this regard, it is very desirable to study the nature of these magnetic ordered states and associated phase transitions in order to stimulate experimental work. In an accompanying study~\cite{shahzad-2017}, we have investigated the role of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions on stabilizing chiral spin textures at half filling, where there exists a finite gap in the electronic spectrum. We found that for the insulating state, DM interactions are essential in establishing the noncoplanar ordering of the local moments. In this work, we focus on electronic filling factors $n_e={1\over 4}$ and ${3\over 4}$ (where $n_e=\frac{1}{2N}\sum_{i\sigma} \avg{c_{i\sigma}^\dagger c_{i\sigma}}$), for which the electronic spectrum is gapless; that is, the ground state is metallic. We demonstrate that at these parameter regimes, unconventional noncollinear spin textures emerge even in the absence of DM interactions. Our results reveal that while noncoplanar ground states are not realized in the absence of DM interactions, the noncollinear flux state is stabilized for a wide range of parameters involved in the Hamiltonian. We discuss in detail the nature of the magnetic ground states and associated phase transition as a function of thermal fluctuations, frustration and external magnetic field for both number densities of electrons.

\begin{figure}[htb]
	\centering
	\subfloat[]{\label{fig:SSL}{\includegraphics[scale=0.5,trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm,clip]{fig1a.pdf}}}
	\subfloat[]{\label{fig:SSL-BZ}{\includegraphics[scale=0.5,trim=0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm,clip]{fig1b.pdf}}}
	\caption{(Color online) (a) The geometry of SSL, where there are diagonal bonds on alternate plaquettes in addition to axial bonds along the $x$ and $y$ axes. (b) First BZ of the SSL lattice with high-symmetry points indicated.}
	\label{fig:ssl06}
\end{figure}

    \section{Model}\label{sec:model}

    We consider the Shastry-Sutherland Kondo lattice model (SS-KLM) in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field. The geometry of the Shastry-Sutherland lattice (SSL) along with the first Brillouin zone (BZ) is depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:ssl06}. The Hamiltonian describing the system under investigation is

	\begin{multline}
	\label{equ:ham}
	\mathcal{\hat{H}}= \underbrace{-\sum_{\avg{i,j},\sigma}t_{ij}(c_{i\sigma}^\dagger c_{j\sigma}+\mbox{H.c.})-J_K \sum_i \mathbf{S}_i\cdot \mathbf{s}_i}_{\mathcal{\hat{H}}_e}\\ \underbrace{ +\sum_{\avg{i,j}}J_{ij}\mathbf{S}_i \cdot \mathbf{S}_j -h^z\sum_i S_i^z }_{\mathcal{\hat{H}}_c}.
	\end{multline}
	The first two terms make up the electronic part of the Hamiltonian $\mathcal{\hat{H}}_e$, where we have a tight-binding term for the itinerant electron and an on-site Kondo-like interaction between the spin of the itinerant electron $\mathbf{s}_i=c_{i,\alpha}^\dagger\bm\sigma_{\alpha\beta}c_{i,\beta}$ (where $\bm\sigma_{\alpha \beta}$ are the vector elements of the usual Pauli matrices) and localized spin $\mathbf{S}_i$. Here $\avg{i,j}$ denotes the bonds on the SSL, where nearest neighbors (NN) are axial bonds and next-nearest neighbors (NNN) are diagonal bonds on the alternate plaquettes and $t_{ij}$ describes the hopping matrix of itinerant electrons on these SSL bonds. We treat the localized spins $\mathbf{S}_i$ as classical vectors of unit length, so the sign of $J_K$ becomes irrelevant in the current model since eigenstates that correspond to different sign of $J_K$ are related by a global gauge transformation ~\cite{pekker-2005,martin-2008}. The third term in Eq.~\eqref{equ:ham} represents antiferromagnetic Heisenberg interaction between the localized spins. The last term in the Hamiltonian~\eqref{equ:ham} is the Zeeman term for the localized spins due to an external (longitudinal) magnetic field. We consider the strong $J_K$ coupling limit; in that case, the spin direction of the itinerant electron is completely determined by the localized moment. So we consider the effect of an external magnetic field on only the localized moments. From here onwards, we represent the interactions on the axial bonds as unprimed parameters, while primed parameters are used for diagonals bonds. We choose $t=1$ as the energy unit.

	\section{Method and observables}\label{sec:methods}

The above model can be explored for thermodynamic properties using an unbiased Monte Carlo (MC) method~\cite{motome-1999,furukawa-2004,ishizuka-2012,yasu-2010,alvarez-2006,ishizuka-2013,ishizuka-2015}. We have already discussed this approach in the first paper of this series; here we
present a brief outline for completeness. The slow dynamics of localized moments can be decoupled from the fast dynamics of itinerant electrons by treating them as static classical fields on each site. Replacing the itinerant electron spin in terms of raising and lowering operators of itinerant electrons, the electronic part of the Hamiltonian $\mathcal{\hat{H}}_e$ becomes quadratic in fermionic operators. The one-electron basis can be used to express this Hamiltonian as a $2\mathit{N}\times 2\mathit{N}$ matrix for a particular arrangement of classical localized spins. The full partition function in the grand-canonical ensemble can be represented in terms of two traces: $\trace_{c}$ over the classical localized moments $\{x_r\}$ and $\trace_f$ over fermionic degrees of freedom. The eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian matrix $\mathcal{\hat{H}}_e$ for a fixed configuration of the localized spins can be used to calculate the trace $\trace_f$. The partition function then can be written as,
    \begin{equation}
	\label{equ:part func}
	\mathit{Z} =\trace_c \exp[-\mathit{S_{eff}}(\{x_r\})-\beta (\mathcal{\hat{H}}_c)],
	\end{equation}
	where $\mathit{S_{eff}}(\{x_r\})=\sum_\nu\mathit{F}(y)$ is the effective action and $\mathit{F}(y)=-\ln[1+\exp\{-\beta(y-\mu)\}]$. The number density of itinerant electrons is adjusted through the chemical potential $\mu$, and $\beta=1/k_BT$ represents the inverse temperature. To calculate $\trace_c$ a classical MC method is used to sample the spin configuration space.

	The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of $\mathcal{\hat{H}}_e(\{x_r\})$ are used to calculate the thermodynamic quantities related to itinerant electrons, while the quantities associated with the localized spins are calculated with the thermal averages of spin configurations. We select a random configuration of localized spin $\{x_r\}$ and calculate the Boltzmann action $\mathit{S_{eff}}(\{x_r\})$ for this configuration. Next, the random updates performed for this spin configuration are accepted or rejected based on the Metropolis algorithm. We use the static spin structure factor to distinguish between different magnetic orders of the localized spins,

	\begin{equation}
	\label{equ:str fact}
	S(\mathbf{q})=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i,j}\avg {\mathbf{S}_i \cdot \mathbf{S}_j} \exp [i\mathbf{q} \cdot \mathbf{r}_{ij}],
	\end{equation}
	where $ \avg{\cdot} $ represents the thermal averages over the grand-canonical ensemble and $\mathbf{r}_{ij}$ is the position vector from site $\mathit{i}$ to $\mathit{j}$. We calculate the uniform magnetization per site,

    \begin{equation}
	\label{equ:magnet02}
    m=\sqrt{\avg{\left (\frac{\sum_i \mathbf{S}_i}{N}\right )^2}},
    \end{equation}
    as well as staggered magnetization per site,
    \begin{equation}
    \label{equ:staggmagnet02}
    m_{stagg}=\sqrt{\avg{\left (\frac{\sum_i (-1)^i\mathbf{S}_i}{N}\right )^2}},
    \end{equation}
    to describe the evolution under varying magnetic field and frustration in electronic itinerancy, respectively.

	\section{Results and Discussion}\label{sec:res-disc}

	 We perform simulations on lattice sizes $L=8-18$, where $L$ is
the length of the lattice along one axis. The results for $L=8$ are obtained by diagonalizing the full Hamiltonian to calculate the Boltzmann factor as it is faster for small lattice sizes. But for lattice size $L>8$, we use the traveling cluster approximation (TCA)~\cite{kumar-2006,anamitra-2015,majumdar-2006,kumar-2005}; in this method, a cluster of $6\times6$ sites is moved sequentially over the whole lattice, and the Boltzmann factor is calculated by just diagonalizing this cluster Hamiltonian. Once the system is equilibrated, the physical observables are calculated by diagonalizing the full Hamiltonian. To approach equilibration efficiently, we use a simulated annealing method. At the beginning, we select a random configuration of the localized spins at a relatively high temperature $T=0.1$ and equilibrate the system. Next, we use the final configuration of this temperature to perform the equilibration at $T=0.08$. This process is repeated with a temperature step $\Delta T=0.02$ when $T>0.01$ and $\Delta T=0.002$ when $T<0.01$, finally calculating the thermal averages of the physical observables at $T=0.005$. Measurements are made after every $1000$ steps of an MC run of $50\:000$ steps in total after discarding $60\:000$ MC steps for thermalization. We divide the data into $50$ different bins to calculate the average values and errors from the standard deviation. Moreover, the MC results are obtained using periodic boundary conditions.

	\begin{figure}[htb]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{fig2.pdf}
		\caption{(Color online) The magnitude of the peak in spin structure factor at $\mathbf{q}=(0,\pi)$ plotted as a function of temperature $T$ at (a) $n_e\simeq1/4$ and (b) $n_e\simeq3/4$ for $12\times12$ and $16\times16$ lattice sizes. The parameters used are $t'/t=0.25$, $J/t=0.1$, $J'/t=0.025$, $h^z/t=0$, and $J_K/t=8.0$. Insets show the temperature dependence when $T<0.01$.}
		\label{fig:temp-dep}
	\end{figure}

	\begin{figure}[!htb]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{fig3a.pdf}

		\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{fig3b.pdf}
		\caption{(Color online) (a) The momentum dependence of the static spin structure factor exhibiting two sharp and equal-magnitude peaks at $\mathbf{q}=(0,\pi)$ and $(\pi,0)$, indicating a noncollinear flux state. The results are obtained using parameters $t'/t=0.25$, $J/t=0.1$, $J'/t=0.025$, $h^z/t=0$, $J_K/t=8.0$, and $T/t=0.005$ for a $12\times12$ lattice at $n_e\simeq1/4$. (b) Electronic energy bands for a tight-binding model including double-exchange interaction with 2-$\mathbf{q}$ order stabilized at $\mathbf{q}=(0,\pi)$ and $(\pi,0)$. The values of the interaction parameters used are $t'/t=0.25$ and $J_K/t=8.0$. }
		\label{fig:sq3d-band}
	\end{figure}

	\subsection{Role of temperature}

Throughout this work we choose the limit of strong
Kondo coupling between itinerant electrons and localized
spins $(J_K=8.0)$ following the experimental observations
in relevant metallic magnets. We start our discussion by
considering the thermal transition of the magnetic ground
state. Figure~\ref{fig:temp-dep}(a) shows the temperature dependence of the magnitude of the peak in the spin structure factor at $\mathbf{q}=(0,\pi)$ as a function of temperature at $n_e\simeq1/4$ (here we introduce the $\simeq$ sign because we are working in the grand-canonical ensemble and electron densities are controlled by the values of $\mu$ that give number densities fluctuating within the error bars close to the required one). Initially, the magnitude of
the peak at $\mathbf{q}=(0,\pi)$ remains constant and vanishingly small with decreasing temperature, but around $T\simeq0.05$ here is
a sharp increase in the magnitude of the peak indicating a
first-order magnetic phase transition. Insight into the nature
of the magnetic ordering after the phase transition can be gained from a plot of the static spin structure factor $S({\bf q})$ as a function of the momentum [see Fig.~\ref{fig:sq3d-band}(a)]. It consists of two sharp and equal magnitude peaks at
${\bf q} = (0,\pi)$ and $(\pi,0)$. The dual peaks at $(0,\pi)$ and $(\pi,0)$ are a signature of a noncollinear flux state in similar models~\cite{yamanaka-1998,agterberg-2000}. The in-plane components of the local moments are arranged in a flux pattern. The noncollinear magnetic ordering breaks the continuous symmetry much like how a FM state breaks $\ce{O(_3)}$ even when the Hamiltonian does not contain a symmetry-breaking term. For noncollinear magnetic orderings such as the flux state the order parameter degeneracy manifold is $\ce{SO(_3)}$, i.e., a triad of unit vectors. So the flux-pattern
does not need to be in the $xy$ plane of the lattice. All the interesting results depend only on relative orientations of NN and NNN spins. Even if one considers an ordered state that is globally rotated with respect to the specific flux state, the same physics is obtained. Quenching the thermal fluctuations drives the system from a paramagnetic state with vanishingly small magnetization (due to finite-size effects)
to a noncollinear magnetic state
marked by a 2$\mathbf{q}$ order in the spin structure factor. In the ordered state, the local moments are oriented with their transverse
components forming a flux pattern around the squares with no diagonal, with alternate clockwise and counterclockwise circulation around neighboring plaquettes. This flux state is stabilized due to the competition between antiferromagnetic (AFM) superexchange interaction and the double-exchange interaction (which favors the FM ordering at this filling factor) in the presence of geometrical frustration. The competition between these interactions on geometrically frustrated lattices is related to subdominant interactions such as the antiferroic biquadratic interaction pointed out in previous studies~\cite{hiroaki-2015}.

	Next, we consider the $n_e\simeq3/4$ case. We have illustrated the results obtained from MC calculations for the magnitude of the peak in the spin structure factor at $\mathbf{q}=(0,\pi)$ while varying $T$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:temp-dep}(b). A magnetic phase transition similar to the case for $n_e\simeq1/4$ is also observed here.
	The ground state at the lower temperature is a noncollinear flux state similar to the previous case. This similarity between the results for both cases can be ascribed to the symmetry of the band structure at one-quarter and three-quarter filling of itinerant electrons. In Fig.~\ref{fig:sq3d-band}(b) the electronic energy bands along symmetric points in the BZ are shown for a tight-binding model with a double-exchange term. The two values of $\mathbf{q}$ used are that of a flux state: $(0,\pi)$ and $(\pi,0)$. It is clear that the bands are symmetric for one-quarter and three-quarter filling of the electron density.

	\subsection{Role of frustration}

		\begin{figure}[htb]
			\centering
			\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{fig4.pdf}
			\caption{(Color online) The staggered magnetization per site while varying the frustration parameter $t'/t$ for (a) $n_e\simeq1/4$ and (c) $n_e\simeq3/4$. The frustration parameter $t'/t$ dependence of the magnitude of peaks in the spin structure factor at $\mathbf{q}=(\pi,0)$ and  $(\pi,\pi)$ for (b) $n_e\simeq1/4$ and (d) $n_e\simeq3/4$. Shown are the results for $12\times12$ and $16\times16$ lattice sizes while keeping the values of other parameters set to $J/t=0.1$, $J'/t=0.025$, $h^z/t=0$, $J_K/t=8.0$, and $T/t=0.005$.}
			\label{fig:tpr-dep}
		\end{figure}

	\subsubsection{Frustration in electron hopping: $t'/t$}

In an accompanying paper, we have investigated the effects of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya
interactions on the emergence and stability of noncoplanar configurations
of the local moments. In particular, we discovered that a novel canted flux state
is stabilized over an extended range of parameters (exchange interactions,
magnetic field) in the presence of DM interactions. In this work,
we explore the role of frustration on the magnetic properties of the current model.  Both $t'$ and $J'$ induce frustration: the former in electron
hopping and the latter in exchange interactions between local moments. Since $t'$ and $J'$ are determined by the overlap of different orbitals across the diagonal
bonds, their ratio can, in principle, be different for different materials. In this section, we choose to vary
$t'$, keeping $J'$ constant.  With varying $t'$,
the nature of electron hopping changes from being unfrustrated at $t'=0$ to being highly frustrated at $t' \gtrsim t$, whereas the degree of frustration in the direct exchange
between the local moments remains unaltered. We start with $n_e\simeq 1/4$; Figs.~\ref{fig:tpr-dep}(a) and \ref{fig:tpr-dep}(b) show the results of MC calculations for staggered magnetization and the magnitude of the peak in $S({\bf q})$ at $\mathbf{q}=(\pi,0)$ and  $(\pi,\pi)$,  respectively, while varying the hopping integral on the diagonal bonds $t'$.
At $t'/t=0.0$, the ground state has almost zero staggered magnetization, and the static spin structure factor exhibits two sharp and equal-magnitude peaks at $(0,\pi)$ and $(\pi,0)$. Actually, this is the same flux state that we encountered in the last section. The in-plane components of the local moments are arranged in a pattern similar to a coplanar flux state.

The flux pattern consists of columnar AFM arrangements of the in-plane components
with simultaneous $(0,\pi)$ and $(\pi,0)$ ordering.
With increasing $t'/t$, the staggered magnetization remains constant at a value consistent with a noncollinear flux state up to $t'/t\approx0.8$, where there is a discontinuous transition to a state with a large value of staggered magnetization. There is a substantial increase in the magnitude of the peak in the static structure factor $S({\bf q})$ at $(\pi,\pi)$, indicating AFM ordering of the localized moments. The weight of $S({\bf q})$ is negligible for the flux ordering wave vectors $(\pi,0)$ and $(0,\pi)$, which specifies the breaking of in-plane flux ordering. Actually, this is a discontinuous spin-flop transition to a pure AFM state. The in-plane components are seen to evolve from a flux pattern at small $t'/t$ to staggered AFM order at large values of $t'/t$.

	\begin{figure}[htb]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{fig5a.pdf}

		\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{fig5b.pdf}
		\caption{(Color online) (a) The static spin structure plotted against the momentum vectors and (b) the real spin configuration of localized spins obtained from MC calculations for the $12\times12$ lattice at $n_e\simeq3/4$, $t'/t=0.9$, $J/t=0.1$, $J'/t=0.025$, $h^z/t=0$, $J_K/t=8.0$, and $T/t=0.005$. The color bar represents the magnitude of out-of-plane components of localized spins.}
		\label{fig:3b4sq&confg}
	\end{figure}

On the other hand, the evolution of the magnetic ground state with changing
$t'/t$ for $n_e\simeq3/4$ is markedly different, as seen in Figs.~\ref{fig:tpr-dep}(c) and \ref{fig:tpr-dep}(d). The nature of the magnetic ground state is similar to that for
$n_e\simeq 1/4$, viz., the coplanar flux state at small $t'/t$ and the collinear AFM state at large $t'/t$, but the transition between the two is not a direct one.
Instead, there is an extended range of intermediate values of $t'/t$ for which the ground state exhibits neither flux nor staggered AFM ordering.
The values of the static structure factor is vanishingly small at
${\bf q} =(\pi,\pi), (0,\pi)$, and $(\pi,0)$.
We observed sharp peaks in $S({\bf q})$ at $\mathbf{q}=(\pm2\pi/3,\pm\pi)$ and $(\pm\pi/3,0)$ but weak peaks at $(\pm\pi/3,\pm\pi)$ and $(\pi,\pi)$ [the magnitude of $S({\bf q})$ at these weak peaks is an order of magnitude
smaller than those for the sharp peaks] and even weaker satellites around
${\bf q} =(\pm\pi/3,0)$ and $(0,0)$, pointing towards
a very weak long-range ordering [see Fig.~\ref{fig:3b4sq&confg}(a)]. A snapshot of the real-space configuration [shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:3b4sq&confg}(b)] of the local moments also does not exhibit any
obvious pattern of the spin orientations. The complete nature
of the magnetic ordering in this intriguing state and the reason for the anisotropy in the results for the two filling factors is currently being investigated.

\begin{figure}[htb]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{fig6.pdf}
	\caption{(Color online) The magnetization per site as a function of the frustration parameter $J/t$ for (a) $n_e\simeq1/4$ and (c) $n_e\simeq3/4$. The frustration parameter dependence $J/t$ of the magnitude in the spin static structure factor at $\mathbf{q}=(\pi,0)$ and $(0,0)$ for (b) $n_e\simeq1/4$ and (d) $n_e\simeq3/4$, respectively. The results are shown for $12\times12$ and $16\times16$ lattice sizes while keeping the values of other parameters set to $J'/t=0.025$, $t'/t=0.25$, $h^z/t=0$, $J_K/t=8.0$, and $T/t=0.005$.}
	\label{fig:jh-dep}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{Frustration in exchange coupling: $J'/t$}

\begin{figure}[htb]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{fig7a.pdf}

	\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{fig7b.pdf}
	\caption{(Color online) (a) The static spin structure plotted as a function of $\mathbf{q}$ vectors and (b) a snapshot of the real-space configuration of localized spins obtained from MC calculations for an $18\times18$ lattice at $n_e\simeq1/4$, $J/t=0.19$, $J'/t=0.025$, $t'/t=0.25$, $h^z/t=0$, $J_K/t=8.0$, and $T/t=0.005$. The color bar represents the magnitude of out-of-plane components of localized spins.}
	\label{fig:confg}
\end{figure}

In this section we fix the value of $t'/t$ and vary the ratio of $J/J'$. As mentioned earlier, this will vary the degree of frustration in the exchange coupling between the localized spins. We start with analyzing the results for $n_e\simeq1/4$. Figures~\ref{fig:jh-dep}(a) and \ref{fig:jh-dep}(b) show the evolution of uniform magnetization per site and magnitude of the peaks in $S({\bf q})$ at $(0,0)$ and $(\pi,0)$, respectively, as a function of $J/t$, keeping $J'/t$ constant. For a very small exchange interaction between NN localized spins the ground state is FM, as indicated by large uniform magnetization and a large value of the peak at $\mathbf{q}=(0,0)$. In the limit of strong $J_K$ the double-exchange mechanism stabilizes the FM ordering as there is a large kinetic energy gain if the spins on two sites are parallel. Around $J/t\simeq0.02$, there is a transition to a magnetic state for which the uniform magnetization drops to vanishingly small values and peaks in the structure factor appear at $(0,\pi)$ and $(\pi,0)$. This is the same noncollinear flux state that we observed earlier with two equal magnitude peaks at $\mathbf{q}=(0,\pi)$ and $(\pi,0)$ in $S({\bf q})$. This state is stabilized over a wide range of $J/t$. Further increasing the exchange interaction results in a ground state where the magnitude of the peak at $(\pi,0)$ decreases and peaks in $S(\mathbf{q})$ at $(\pm\pi/3,\pi)$ and $(\pm2\pi/3,\pi)$ appear [as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:confg}(a)]. This indicates that large frustration in exchange coupling breaks the flux pattern between the localized spins. A snapshot of
the real-space configuration shows incommensurate magnetic ordering that consists of
three unit-cell-wide stripes stacked parallel to the $y$ axis. Each stripe consists of
antiferromagnetically ordered local moments, with a domain wall between adjacent stripes [see Fig.~\ref{fig:confg}(b)].

For $n_e\simeq3/4$, the results are qualitatively the same as shown in Figs.~\ref{fig:jh-dep}(c) and \ref{fig:jh-dep}(d), with the only difference being that the transition is shifted a bit to $J/t\simeq0.03$. The ground state evolves from a FM state at very small values of $J/t$ to a flux state in the intermediate regime to a state with peaks in the structure factor at $(\pm\pi/3,\pi)$ and $(\pm2\pi/3,\pi)$ at very large values of $J/t$.

	\subsection{Role of magnetic field}

	Finally, we investigate the role of an external magnetic field in the current model at both one-quarter and three-quarter fillings of electrons. Applying an external field is the simplest
and most direct way of controlling the magnetic character of a system. Our goal is to explore
the tunability of different magnetic states by applying a static, uniform, longitudinal external field. The canonical (purely magnetic) Shastry-Sutherland model exhibits a sequence of unique magnetization plateaus in an applied magnetic field. However, the strong coupling between local moments and
itinerant electrons suppresses the magnetization plateaus completely in the
present SS-KLM.
For $n_e\simeq1/4$ the magnetic field dependence of uniform magnetization and the magnitude of the peaks in $S({\bf q})$ at $(0,0)$ and $(\pi,0)$ is shown in Figs.~\ref{fig:mag-field}(a) and \ref{fig:mag-field}(b), respectively. At $h^z=0.0$, the magnetic ground state is a flux state, which we have already discussed in detail. The uniform magnetization is zero at zero field because the direct exchange between the local
moments is AFM in nature.
The magnetization $m/m_s$ increases monotonically up to
$h_z=0.20$, where there is an abrupt jump in its value from $\approx 0.4$ to $\approx 0.95$,
marking a field-driven discontinuous transition.
The transition marks the breaking of the flux pattern
of the in-plane components of the local moments. This is confirmed by the behavior of the
static structure factor at $(0,0)$ and $(\pi,0)$. At the transition, the peak at $(\pi,0)$ is
completely suppressed, whereas the $(0,0)$ peak (proportional to the square of the
uniform magnetization) exhibits a discontinuous increase in its value. With further increase
in magnetic field, the system approaches full polarization asymptotically. Once again, the field
dependence of the magnetic ground state is qualitatively similar for $n_e\simeq3/4$, confirming
the particle-hole symmetry of the system.

	\begin{figure}[htb]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{fig8.pdf}
		\caption{(Color online) The magnetic field dependence of magnetization per site for (a) $n_e\simeq1/4$ and (c) $n_e\simeq3/4$. The magnitude of the peaks in the static spin structure factor at  $\mathbf{q}=(\pi,0)$ and $(0,0)$ plotted while varying the strength of an external magnetic field for (b) $n_e\simeq1/4$ and (d) $ne\simeq3/4$. The results are shown for $12\times12$ and $16\times16$ lattice sizes while keeping the values of other parameters set to $t'/t=0.25$, $J/t=0.1$, $J'/t=0.025$, $J_K/t=8.0$, and $T/t=0.005$.}
		\label{fig:mag-field}
	\end{figure}

	\section{Summary}\label{sec:summary}

	To summarize we have studied in detail the magnetic properties of the SS-KLM at filling factors of itinerant electrons $n_e=1/4$ and $3/4$ at which the ground state is metallic. We have found that a noncollinear flux state is stabilized over a large range of parameters at both densities. Interestingly, in contrast to insulating ground states, a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is not essential for stabilizing noncollinear spin textures. The noncollinearity of the magnetic ground state can be suppressed via a discontinuous phase transition by external fields such as temperature, by a static, uniform longitudinal magnetic field, and by increasing the magnitude of frustration in electronic and exchange coupling components of the Hamiltonian. In fact, tuning the strength of diagonal hopping (which is responsible for frustration in the electronic component) drives the magnetic ground state from a flux phase at small frustration to a pure AFM state at large frustration. For three-quarter filling of itinerant electrons the transition from flux to AFM ground state is not direct and is accompanied by an intermediate state. We plan to investigate this intriguing state in the near future. On the other hand, the ground state for small exchange coupling is FM and changes to a flux state at intermediate values to a state with incommensurate magnetic ordering at large values of exchange coupling.

    \begin{acknowledgements}

    The work was partially supported by Grant No. MOE2014-T2-2-112 from the Ministry of Education, Singapore. We also acknowledge the use of HPC cluster at NSSC, Singapore.
    \end{acknowledgements}

    \bibliographystyle{apsrev4-1}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


NOTRE DAME, Ind.– In a statement game, the No. 8 Notre Dame Fighting Irish (5-0) once again proved their worth among the elite teams in college football. Notre Dame looked to defend its home turf when the No. 7 Stanford Cardinal (4-1, 2-0 Pac-12) came into South Bend looking to continue their perfect season. The Fighting Irish were able to defend their home turf late and end Stanford's undefeated season with a 38-17 victory.
The two teams traded blows throughout the first half of play before the Irish took a seven-point lead into halftime. With 39 seconds left in the second quarter, Ian Book found Chase Claypool for a ten-yard touchdown. After halftime, Notre Dame never looked back, outscoring Stanford 17-3 in the second half.
JJ Arcega-Whiteside proved why he is a top-level NFL prospect on a touchdown reception in the second quarter. Arcega-Whiteside outmuscled the Notre Dame defender to haul in a four-yard touchdown from K.J. Costello.
Bryce Love got some huge blocks and scampered through the Notre Dame defense for a 39-yard touchdown run near the end of the first quarter. Other than that run, Love was held to what could be described as a very mediocre game. Outside of the touchdown, Love averaged just 2.12 yards per carry (34 yards on 16 rushes).
Dexter Williams made an immediate impact on the Notre Dame offense in his first game back from suspension. On his first touch, Williams blew past the Stanford secondary and found the end zone for a 45-yard touchdown run. Williams finished with 161 yards on the day on 21 carries and the touchdown.
The Irish may be without captain Alex Bars, who appeared to suffer a major injury to his left leg in the second half of the contest. Bars is the anchor of the offensive line and missing significant time could be a major blow to the new-found flow of the Notre Dame offense.
Ian Book continued to look sharp in his second game as the starting quarterback for the Irish. Book completed 24-of-33 passes for 278 yards and four touchdowns throughout the game. The favorite target was by far Miles Boykin, who finished with 144 yards on 11 receptions and a touchdown. Alize Mack and Nic Weishar also had touchdown receptions in the contest.
When asked on the status of who the starting quarterback will be moving forward, coach Kelly was in high spirits.
In another great defensive game for the Irish, Julian Love became the all-time leader in Notre Dame history with 33 pass breakups. Love also added two tackles on the evening. The Irish defense was led by Jerry Tillery, who picked up four sacks in the contest on his way to six tackles. Te'von Coney added seven tackles of his own to go along with the lone interception of the evening.
Next weekend, Notre Dame will head to Blacksburg, Virginia to take on the Virginia Tech Hokies (3-1). On Saturday, the Hokies defeated the No. 22 Duke Blue Devils, 31-14. Brian Kelly knows that the road ahead will not be easy for the Irish.
Stanford returns home to take on conference foe Utah Utes (2-2, 0-2 Pac-12). Utah fell to Washington State, 28-24 on Saturday.


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Burges Salmon advises the majority shareholders of Unicorn on acquisition by Access
The Corporate Finance team at Burges Salmon has advised the majority shareholders of Unicorn Training Group on the acquisition of the company by The Access Group
Burges Salmon's Corporate Finance team has advised the selling shareholders of Unicorn, the UK's leading provider of learning technology solutions, on its acquisition by The Access Group, a leading provider of business software to mid-sized UK organisations.
The Burges Salmon team, led by partner Richard Spink and director Tim Roberts, advised the shareholders on all legal aspects of the transaction. Unicorn brings with it to Access more than £10 million in revenues and in excess of 1,500 customers including UK Finance Association, University of London, Tesco Bank, and Chartered Insurance Institute. As part of The Access Group, Unicorn will strengthen its position in the Digital Learning space, especially in the Financial Services and Insurance sectors and have the opportunity to push into new areas in which The Access Group are already well established.
Tim Roberts says: "We are really pleased to have been chosen to work with the Unicorn team on this deal, which is a key milestone for the shareholders and in the development of the business. The transaction will help Unicorn further enhance its position in the digital learning space, increasing the depth and breadth of its solutions and content library as part of the wider Access Group. We wish the team every success as the business continues to grow."
Jackie Kennedy, COO, at Unicorn, concludes: "We would like to thank Richard, Tim and the wider team at Burges Salmon, who were a pleasure to work with, for their outstanding support throughout the transaction, and for bringing this deal to a conclusion so expertly."
Burges Salmon advises on Africa's second largest solar mini-grid portfolio project-financing
EDFI ElectriFI and REPP have provided LSL 150,000,000 financing to innovative social enterprise "OnePower"
The Burges Salmon Pensions Pod
Burges Salmon partner named in eprivateclient's 50 Most Influential 2022
A bumper year for Burges Salmon's Corporate Finance team
Richard Spink Partner
+44 (0) 117 939 2218 richard.spink@burges-salmon.com
Head of Corporate and Financial Institutions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Resource Abbott, Bea (Fictitious character) -- Fiction.
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COVID-19 | Tax | 03 Jun 2020
Taxation of Covid-19 support payments
This briefing was updated on 8 June 2020.
HMRC announced on 29 May 2020 that it will be consulting on draft legislation to tax certain of the Covid-19 support measures provided to businesses.
HMRC is consulting on draft legislation to:
(i) tax business support grants that have been made in connection with Covid-19 so that such grants will be treated as income where a business is within the scope of either corporation tax or income tax; and
(ii) recover payments made to recipients under the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme ("CJRS") or Self-Employment Income Support Scheme ("SEISS") by imposing a 100% tax charge, where such recipients were not entitled to those payments or where those payments have been used other than for the purpose intended by the UK government.
The consultation closes on 12 June 2020 and is available to view here.
Why are payments being treated as taxable?
Who will the legislation apply to?
When does the measure come into effect?
What steps should businesses be taking?
Broadly, the coronavirus support grants that have been made will have replaced the revenues of businesses and individuals, and therefore those grants made should be subject to tax.
For example, in the context of payments made under the CJRS, those payments will be taxable where (i) the amount has not been brought into account in calculating the profits of the business and (ii) the expenses incurred by the employer (in respect of the employment costs which are the subject of the coronavirus support payment) have been deducted in calculating the profits of the employer. In that case, if the payments have been treated as deductible for the purposes of calculating corporation or income tax, it is fair that the coronavirus support payment is brought into account as taxable income by the employer.
The basic premise of the draft legislation is that payments received under the grants are taxable payments like other taxable receipts. Whether tax is paid will depend on the business or trade profits of the grant recipient, taking into account the grant and other business income and expenditure under the normal tax rules. Businesses within the scope of the new rules include any trade or profession, any UK or overseas property business and any businesses which makes investments.
However, there are a number of exemptions to the principle that coronavirus support payments are taxable, including where (i) any such income is outside the scope of tax, the support payment may also be outside the scope of tax and (ii) payments are made to charitable companies or community amateur sports clubs.
If businesses have received coronavirus support payments under CJRS, SEISS or under a direction given under section 76 Coronavirus Act 2020 to which they are not entitled, HMRC can raise income tax assessments against the recipient of the payment, who will be liable to an amount of income tax equal to the amount of the payment that the recipient was not entitled to and which had not been repaid. For deliberate failures to notify HMRC of a liability to income tax chargeable where a business was not entitled to a payment; penalties can be levied.
In the context of the CJRS, this concept is extended to apply where a payment received under the CJRS was used for costs other than those that the CJRS is intended to reimburse i.e. costs relating to PAYE, NICs and pension contributions of employees.
In the context of SEISS, where the grant is retained by an individual partner (and does not feature in the firm's calculation of partnership profits) then that grant is treated as taxable income of the partner alone, rather than of the partnership.
Importantly, directors of any company which is subject to an insolvency procedure, or where there is a serious possibility of that company becoming subject to an insolvency procedure, where there is a serious possibility that some of its income tax liability will not be paid following receipt of a coronavirus support income payment will be joint and severally liable to HMRC with the company for the income tax due.
The legislation will apply to businesses, employers, individuals, and individual members of a partnership who received or applied for a payment from the CJRS, SEISS, the Small Business Grant Fund, the Retail, Hospitality and Leisure Grant Fund, the Discretionary Grant Fund, other payments made by public authorities to businesses in response to Covid-19 and any other Covid-19 support scheme specified or described in regulations made by the Treasury.
The measure will have effect from Royal Assent of Finance Bill 2020 and will apply to all payments made under the Covid-19 support schemes outlined above, regardless of when those payments were made.
Businesses should ensure that they are making and retaining accurate records of all financial payments received pursuant to the Covid-19 measures, as well as ensuring that records are kept of the use to which the payments were put.
Businesses should apply this approach both to the support grants outlined above, i.e. those that are currently caught by the draft legislation, and any other Covid-19 schemes that it has taken advantage of (for example, payments received under financial schemes such as the Future Fund or the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme or where it has taken advantage of other measures such as Time to Pay or VAT Deferral).
This is particularly important in light of one of the Chancellor's Budget announcements a few months ago that HMRC will be employing an additional 1,300 staff to improve tax collection (with a target of collecting an additional £4.6bn over the next 5 years). The draft legislation published as part of the consultation could form part of the additional powers that were reportedly going to be granted to HMRC to assist them in closing the "tax gap" and it is possible that HMRC enquiries into the Covid-19 support payments could be on the rise.
This seems particularly likely where claims under CJRS are concerned, because, as at 4 June 2020 HMRC reported that it had already received around 1,900 reports of potential fraud related to CJRS. HMRC has already made it clear that it will audit employers and clawback payments where the application is fraudulent or based on inaccurate information.
Our Tax Department has extensive knowledge advising on early stage disputes with tax authorities and HMRC enquiries. Our team is on hand to support your business with the new measures that have been proposed by the government and any subsequent enquiries that are made by HMRC.
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Blogs, Guest Posts, News
Megan Evans: How Allan Browne saved Bennetts Lane
Posted on 23 September 2016 4 August 2019 AuthorMegan Evans
Yes. Bennetts Lane closed. Yes. It is open. It's not a postmodern conundrum, don't lose faith in the media (maybe a little). Time and the agents of change haven't colluded to confuse you. Bennetts Lane Jazz Club closed and reopened, old but new, new but old.
The question still lingers over a year after the re-opening; "Didn't you close..?"
To wonder about the gravity of the loss, the rich tapestry of its history, is to be lit by a community of mind that reflects on the multitude of contributions made by musicians, staff and audiences to the making of Bennetts Lane Jazz Club.
The creation of a cultural asset is no easy feat. It's not something one can design, commission, administrate or legislate into being. The great cultural assets of time are forged by the caring caress and critical engagement of everyone who deems them worthy of their attention. To recognise over 23 years worth of continuous contribution amounting to a generous, valuable and vital cultural investment is to recognise the duty of care that comes with owning, managing and taking responsibility for it.
The closure of the club coincided with the tragic loss of one of its greatest advocates, Allan Browne (person – as his card announced). The only artist who could officially 'close' the club, having performed Monday nights for over two decades and inspiring the very essence of the club's persona, died just two days before his date to bid it farewell. In the inconceivable shock of his loss, the club closed for a significant circle of musicians, staff and friends in a gigantic shadow of grief, one loss disguised in the desperate despair of another. And yet perhaps it was precisely in this darkness that a poetic seed of peripeteia was planted.
The sale of the property at 25 Bennetts Lane had been signed a year before it closed. The conceivability of selling the property had been an itching temptation for years before that. This is the clarity of hindsight, but at the time the obscurity may be forgiven for a conflict of conscience – how do you tell your staff who have dedicated a collective lifetime that a date for vacant possession has been given as June 30th 2015? The grapevine of gossip murmured and the cat was forced to meow. It was a very hard reality for us to swallow.
Divorcing the concept of Bennetts Lane Jazz Club from the bricks and mortar of Bennetts Lane Jazz Club was a surprising revelation, akin to a reality for reincarnation – where the spirit of something might once again become embodied in another; and it was very late. The duty of care community contract of trust had been broken, compounded by grief and frustration, and topped with the avalanche of history (that clubs close), it was in this space that David Marriner made the distinction with an offer to buy it. Michael Tortoni accepted. Hope for the Phoenix for Bennetts Lane was born.
Bennetts Lane Jazz Club version 1 was born on November 27th 1992. It upgraded to two rooms on the 14th of January 2000. And it closed on June 15th 2015. During its almost 23 years in the service of live jazz performance it helped usher in a new environment for musicians to bring their art to their community.
In small and slow steps we instituted a seemingly natural progression of policies; a token door charge evolved into a more respectful door charge; an elective smoking policy (decided by the musicians performing) became a non-smoking policy; don't scoop the bass solo – a listening policy; the birth of madam-spank-a-lot became the social self-discipline of the silencing the phone; musicians responsibility to the venue turned into the venue's responsibility to the musician. Driving a wedge between an entertainment/background music model for live jazz for audiences in bars, clubs and cafes turned to an arts based model where their offering is the focus of audience attention brought with it a number of questions.
The experience and insight we learned through mistakes, discussion and respectful negotiation have largely been retained in Bennetts Lane version 2.
The moment when David Marriner paid Michael Tortoni for the sale of Bennetts Lane Jazz club before Megan and Simon Evans at Federici cafe, Spring street, Melbourne. | photo: Megan Evans
David purchased the intellectual property from Michael on June 22nd 2015, just a week after it had closed. Reborn on August 27th 2016, at the site of the original room, a Phoenix of Bennetts Lane Jazz Club opened with a new sound system, new staff, and a new future. From the very ashes of the original a new horizon of hope has been traversed for a community gifted with talent and creativity. We will take our new home in Flinders Lane early in the new year and will continue the quest to answer the questions posed by its parent.
What is a jazz club, for who is a jazz club, why is a jazz club, and (sadly) for how long is a jazz club? These questions have long shadows. Society's relationship with art and culture, entertainment and competition, the music 'industry' and the plight of musicians; the value of skilled musicianship for the creation, development and reflection of social vitality is poorly judged and sadly misunderstood by much of the mainstream. What jazz offers is a both a window and a mirror – a view into a world of respectful, responsible freedom, courageous creativity and hopeful humanity, and a reflection of the troubled, discriminative, privileged and fearful world we're led to believe we struggle in.
A great jazz club just is, for everyone, for reason to remember itself, and always and only for now. The making of Bennetts Lane was a careful collective effort contributed to by every person who worked here, performed here and/or attended, day or night, and even those who simply imagine coming to our jazz club. This jazz club is authored by the shared memory and imagination of them all – I am so very very grateful. Allan never did get to bid it farewell; as long as it is open he and his inspiration will keep the beat and breath of Bennetts a-live, here, now and hopefully always.
Posted in Blogs, Guest Posts, NewsTagged Bennetts Lane
Remembering Allan Browne
Adrian Jackson: "We continue to take risks at Wangaratta"


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Cady's Alley | The Landscape Architect's Guide to Washington, D.C.
One block south of M Street, between 33rd and 34th NW, Washington, D.C.
Cady's Alley is a landscape that has served a transformative role in Georgetown, changing it both economically and spatially. It began as a service alley in the early 19th century but had, by the 1980's, become largely derelict. Developer Anthony Lanier repurposed it by building out the adjacent parcels to the Alley's edge and using it as the front door to shops and apartments. Cady's Alley is largely a pedestrian space, with shoppers strolling to the chic shops and a Viennese cafe. It still serves its service function, however, permitting truck access for deliveries and trash removals. It's the first and most visible shared pedestrian and vehicular space in the District.
Entering the alley from 33rd Street, in the heart of the Georgetown shopping district.
Although it appears that there are sidewalks and a street, the alley is one continuous walking and driving surface.
Just east of 33rd Street, there's a courtyard in which to sit.
The courtyard links directly to M Street via a stone stairway. More people enter and leave Cady's Alley via this cut-through than by the two ends.
Looking out into the alley.
This drainage channel is marked by water-washed stones. In addition, Cady's Alley is paved with granite blocks and edge-set brick.
You can see the alley's offset.
The offset is made more dramatic by the shift of the drainage canal.
The historic granite paving of 34th Street is carried into the alley.


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Q: how to create multiple single threaded subscribers for a spring publishsubscribe channel I have a spring integration publish subscribe channel.
Now, i create a subscriber to this channel, when ever a user logs in. so if there are 10 users, there will be 10 subscribers.
i want all these subscribers to be single threaded. is there any way to achieve that. please advise. thanks.

A: Well, if you configure a PublishSubscribeChannel with an executor, each subscriber will get its copy of message in a separate thread from that executor. If your subscriber flow does nothing with thread, all the steps are going to be performed in that thread.
This is not good practice to spawn as many thread as you have subscribers. Now imaging you going to have 1000 or even million...
It is better to configured PublishSubscribeChannel with a reasonable ThreadPoolTaskExecutor and let subscribers to compete in them rather than see how your system is dead because of too many threads.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Small Matters More Now Than Ever Before
Thursday, May, 21, 2020 Written By Dragan Radic, Head, ILO Small and Medium Enterprises Unit
I have many friends who run their own small businesses, in Europe, Australia, and Asia. They include dental clinics, restaurants, small travel agencies, and manufacturing businesses. All have been forced to close.
Their workers are struggling on reduced salaries, paid or unpaid leave. Some, sadly, have already been let go, because although most governments did respond quickly with measures to keep businesses afloat and workers on the payroll, for many the help was too little or came too late. Worldwide, millions of small business jobs have been lost because of the COVID-19 crisis.
Small businesses are incredibly important, both socially and economically. In 2019 the ILO published a report, Small Matters which showed that small economic units with up to 49 employees account for approximately 70 per cent of global employment. Their contribution to GDP is significant. So small really does matter.
We know that even in normal times a lot of small businesses barely survive from month to month. Many also face particular challenges in creating and maintaining decent working conditions; in other words, major obstacles to fulfilling the Decent Work agenda and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
But what about those even smaller economic units, that can be almost invisible, physically and statistically? I'm talking about micro-enterprises and own account workers. How many have already been affected or are in danger if this crisis continues? Will COVID-19 turn the 'poverty clock' backwards, and jump from being a health and economic crisis into humanitarian disaster?
To understand this challenge we delved into the database behind the Small Matters report. We picked the seven sectors most prone to COVID-19 closure, including manufacturing, accommodation and food and the retail trade. We then created infographics to illustrate this global challenge by sector, by region, by the size of the economic unit, and by whether they were formal or informal entities.
We found that in these seven most 'at risk' sectors alone, there are more than 800 million people who either work in micro-enterprise or are own account workers. Most of them, almost 640 million, work in the informal sector (in Asia and the Pacific alone these seven sectors include more than 300 million own account workers, of whom nine out of 10 are in the informal sector). We also found that women are overrepresented in high-risk sectors and are more vulnerable.
So what needs to be done?
In addition to support for small businesses as key providers of jobs and livelihoods, government policies must also target own account workers and micro firms. Particular attention must be given to the informal sector.
We know that, for many governments, identifying informal business owners is a challenge and reaching those in need can be difficult. Almost one billion people globally lack formal ID and many are without bank accounts. Establishing a digital identity by correlating information from various sources (e.g. Facebook, email accounts and SIM cards), might be a way forward. 'Self-presentation' and identification through municipalities, local community centres and associations could be another option. Governments should also develop appropriate and sustainable policy measures to meet immediate income needs (for example, temporary cash transfers, rent subsidies and family income assistance), as well as support to keep the businesses going.
In addition, small economic units should receive timely, simple, health and safety advice and personal protective equipment to prevent the spread of the virus and ensure business continuity.
Expanding social protection coverage to include vulnerable groups, including those in the informal sector would be a big step forward, and, in the current climate, a particularly important one. It would be a significant cost, but if done well and combined with adequate support and incentives, it could also be an important motivation towards formalization.
The opportunity is now.
One size will not fit all. To be effective, measures to support these vulnerable business owners must be developed through social dialogue, be gender-sensitive, and be tailored to individual country needs.
These are difficult times. We know that small economic units ‒ especially those in the informal sector ‒ are particularly vulnerable. If we are to avoid converting a health and economic crisis into an extended humanitarian catastrophe we must recognise that small matters more now than ever before!
Share the post "Small matters more now than ever before"


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Read Next:	Paradigm Agency Cuts 30 Staff Positions, Mostly in Music
December 4, 2019 6:30AM PT
Billie Eilish and Her Brother and Co-Writer, Finneas, Get Deep About Their Music and What's Next
By Jem Aswad
Jem Aswad
Senior Music Editor @https://twitter.com/jemaswad	FOLLOW
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While only one person appears on most of the magazine covers, Billie Eilish is actually a duo — at least, musically speaking. Nearly every song the 17-year-old star has ever released was co-written with and produced by her 22-year-old brother Finneas O'Connell, whom she credits and affectionately introduces to concert audiences as "my big brother and my best friend."
"She's incredibly generous about it," says Finneas, who performs under his first name. "It's crazy and cool to me that people are so aware of the creative circumstance."
While the Eilish phenomenon has been scrutinized ad infinitum — not least in this week's Variety cover story, where Eilish is our Hitmaker of the Year — less discussed has been the musical partnership at the center of it. "All anybody wants to talk about is me," Eilish says. "Nobody really talks about the music."
That music is the end result of a long process that began when each of them was 12, attending a songwriting class taught by their mother, Maggie Baird, an actor and amateur songwriter.
"I always say it was actually the Beatles who taught them to write songs," Baird says. "Because the class was for kids, I had to simplify it: 'Here's "I Want to Hold Your Hand," let's give these pieces of the song a name.' The class was just an hour a week for 10 weeks or so — but Finneas was like [mimes 'Eureka!' moment], and in a few months he formed a band. All I had to teach him was the basics, and he immediately got it — and the same with Billie."
Finneas had already been writing for several years when the pair first started working together, on a lark. "The first songs that we worked on, we didn't write together," Eilish recalls. "He wrote this song called 'She's Broken' and I wrote one called 'Fingers Crossed,' and we recorded them and put them out on SoundCloud, just for fun."
Then they recorded and posted a song Finneas had written called "Ocean Eyes" — which is where the phenomenon all started in November of 2015. The song, which has since racked up more than 30 million streams on SoundCloud alone (the official video has more than 180 million views on YouTube), quickly brought them not only thousands of new fans but also their management and label deals.
"We put that out and then somehow it got huge, and then things got super weird and very surreal," Eilish says. "And then we started writing together — it wasn't like a definitive decision, but we just started doing it. I think the first one was either 'Hostage' or 'Bellyache,'" both of which appeared on Eilish's 2017 debut EP, "Don't Smile at Me."
Now, Finneas estimates that "probably 75-80% of the songs are written with us sitting next to each other at a piano or with a guitar, singing a melody together," he says. "It's like a relay race — we really feel like we both have to kill our portion of it to get to the finish line."
It's a process the pair re-enacted during their recent Howard Stern interview, which found them vamping on a couple of chords while Eilish sang nonsensical lyrics. "We were just showing what writing looks like for us," she says. "You know, playing random sh–, singing in tandem, making up words and singing words that aren't even real words." (An eavesdropping reporter heard similar sounds emanating from Finneas' dressing room before Eilish's October concert in Houston, where the pair were working on a song that in retrospect may have been their recent single, "Everything I Wanted.")
While they learned the traditional rudiments of songwriting in their mom's class, "the main idea was that once you know the basics, then you can change them," Eilish says. The pair have gone to town on that concept — in fact, few of their tracks follow any conventional structure. "Bury a Friend" starts with the chorus, "You Should See Me in a Crown" has a middle section that's just a single bass note, in several songs it's not completely clear which section is which. Eilish comically trips herself up trying to outline the structure of "Bury a Friend": "Chorus, verse, prechorus, hook verse, bridge, verse, chorus — no, other bridge, then hook… I don't know," she laughs. "It took us months to figure out what was going on there, but it works — like, it doesn't, but it does."
Like all great songwriting partnerships, the pair bring very different yet complementary elements. Asked whether she brings dark and offbeat ideas to Finneas' more conventional, musicianly work, similar to the songs on his recent solo EP, "Blood Harmony," Eilish initially dismisses the concept. But a few minutes later, she pipes up, "You know what?," she exclaims. "I was just thinking about the question you asked, about him having a more classic and straightforward songwriting and mine being kind of darker — it's actually really interesting because it's true, and I'd never thought about that. I think it's because he is really good at writing a verse-chorus-verse-chorus-bridge core, and I've grown up listening to and really liking songs that have, like, no structure, like Frank Ocean or Imogen Heap — songs that kind of don't make sense, but they do. I actually love that, because it's another way that we get things right."
Yet at the same time, Eilish brings a classic, old-school pop flavor to earlier songs like "Idontwannabeyouanymore" and "My Boy" that many critics have cited as Amy Winehouse or Lana Del Rey influences, but actually goes back to the 1950s singers her parents played at home. "That's also part of how I was taught," she says, "I used to listen to tons of old music — Frank Sinatra, Peggy Lee, Etta James, Johnny Mathis and people like that — where all the songs had a perfect songwriting structure." And while her and Finneas' work is unconventional, it's just as labored-over. "We're pretty much perfectionists, even when we're intentionally not following 'perfect' song structure."
Given their schedules, the pair find time to listen to a remarkable amount of music — Eilish lugs around an extremely heavy backpack with two big speakers inside that she rocks with her playlists at every opportunity. Asked what she's been listening to lately, she pulls out her phone and cites British singer Elouise, singer-songwriters Banks and Sabrina Claudio, female rappers Tierra Whack and Melii along with older artists like Avril Lavigne, Christina Aguilera, En Vogue and TLC. Finneas lists the latest albums from Post Malone, James Blake and Dominic Fike along with "revisiting" Chris Cornell's work and Coldplay's "Viva la Vida" alongside influences ranging from rock bands like Green Day and Imagine Dragons to singer-songwriters like Ben Folds, Duncan Sheik and Glen Hansard.
Yet what may be most remarkable about this unusual partnership is that at a time when most hit songs are created by songwriter-producer committees that can number a dozen or more, Eilish and Finneas write nearly all of their songs themselves, with Finneas producing. It was a hard-won process, as their label and management initially encouraged them to work with more-experienced songwriter-producers.
"Who would have believed that Billie's [then-] 18-year-old brother would be her only cowriter and producer, and that he's as good or better than anyone else?," Baird says. "They were not pushed to do it by the label or their managers, but they did say 'Let's just try it and see how it works.'"
Eilish is less diplomatic. "My managers and label are so incredible and I've been so lucky with my team that I think I'm pretty spoiled," she allows. "And it wasn't like they were forcing us into it. But that was so stupid. It was horrible for a lot of reasons. I was a little tiny teenager who hadn't written with anyone besides my brother. And there I was, 14, in a room with 40-something-year-old dudes who were trying to write a song with me and Finneas, who was 18. I didn't want to be doing that! Jeez! Stuck in a room with a bunch of adults, trying to write a song? Gross!
"But we tried it, and I'm glad that we tried it," she concludes, "so we knew that we didn't want to do it. And also, all the songs we wrote with [others] were not as good as the songs me and Finneas wrote alone." (While reps demurred from identifying the collaborators in question, two songs with non-O'Connell family writer-producers were released last year, "Bored" and "Bitches Broken Hearts," the former with Banks/ Donna Missal collaborators Tim Anderson and Aron Forbes, and the latter with singer/songwriter Emmit Fenn.)
Despite her daughter's vehemence, Baird is more positive about the outside collaborations. "I actually thought a lot of those songs were good, although Finneas says I like everything they do," she laughs. "And they've actually done a few sessions where they wrote amazing things with other artists, not a [songwriter-producer for hire] — Jessie Reyez, Vince Staples, Khalid — and Finneas was the producer."
Eilish waxes ecstatically about a song she wrote with Reyez, which she calls her favorite that she's ever written (at least, on this particular October day). "I met her at a concert and we both had off-days, and somebody was like 'We should get you guys in the studio,'" Eilish recalls. "Normally that sentence makes me want to puke, but I was like, Sure, I love Jessie, she's incredible, and it'll be fun to be in the studio with her and her energy, even if we don't make anything."
However, once they got there, "I had this crazy amount of writer's block, and she and Finneas were both coming up with stuff and I was just sitting there with nothing and felt like a big loser," she continues. "But then we took a five-minute break and Finneas started playing this beat, and suddenly I just came up with this melody and all these lyrics, and then I wrote this whole song and we recorded it — it had never happened that fast for me." Although she calls it her "favorite song and the one I'm most proud of," it remains unreleased.
And although "Everything I Wanted," Eilish's ethereal new single, is more low-key than the doomy bangers on "When We All Fall Asleep," it doesn't seem like an obvious signpost for the direction their songwriting is headed.
The two of them don't offer much concrete direction, either — when asked, Eilish can't even summon an adjective. "The music we're making right now, like …" she begins. "It might be a little bit more …" Long pause. "It's not even, it's … I can't even describe it, because it's …" she tails off.
Finneas also stops short of a straight description, but offers some entertaining metaphors. "The way that we tried to approach every piece of music is, if the song had a brain, it would be aware of its catalog," he says. "Like, the ['When We All Fall Asleep'] album knew that the ['Don't Smile at Me'] EP and those other songs exist. They're referential in certain ways: There are lines in 'Crown' about 'Ocean Eyes'; 'Ilomilo' references 'Bury a Friend,' which references 'Xanny.'
"It's a little bit like a book series," he continues, warming to the theme. "Like, for 'Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets,' J.K. Rowling had to figure out what happened after 'Sorcerer's Stone,' and for us, album two will be like what happens next to the person who went through the first record."
Finneas has parlayed his recent success not only into a budding solo career — for which he's being hotly pursued by several major labels — but also work with other artists: He co-produced Selena Gomez's recent single "Lose You to Love Me" and collaborated with Camila Cabello on a song from her forthcoming second album, which comes out Friday. "I saw [Cabello's] set at Lollapalooza last summer and texted my management, 'I want to work with Camila more than I want to work with any other pop artist right now,'" he enthuses. "I love her voice, I love her tonality. I love the way she's intimate in her lyrics, and she puts on a great show." He also worked with John Legend "on a song that I don't think will ever come out" but called it a "master class in songwriting," and acted as an executive producer on a pair of EPs by female singer-songwriter Ashe.
Yet anyone seeking an updated version of "Bad Guy" won't get it from Finneas. "As soon as you make anything that people like, you get all these new artists hitting you up like 'I want to sound just like Billie Eilish,'" he says. "And I'm always like, 'Absolutely not.' I'm interested in doing things in the pop world that are as far away from Billie as possible, and have them stand in stark contrast. That's what's great about working with artists like Camila — she comes in fully realized. I would love to have a career full of albums with a variety of artists and have no throughline to them at all, and have people say, 'I love this, who produced it?'"
And although Finneas is energetically pursuing a career outside his work with his sister, he's fine with his role as copilot of the Billie Eilish rocketship. "I'm not very interested in fame or notoriety at all — in fact, I'd be pretty bummed out if I woke up one day and I was, like, super, super famous," he says. "But the flipside of that is that I'm really passionate about my music, I'm really proud of it and I want it to be heard by as many people as possible, and I'm willing to embrace whatever comes with that."
Hitmakers
In the latest twist in the increasingly bitter exit of Deborah Dugan from the Recording Academy after just five months, the ousted president/CEO is about to face a lawsuit from her former assistant, Claudine Little, who has retained former Harvey Weinstein/ Charlie Walk attorney Patty Glaser to represent her, two sources tell Variety. The news was [...]
'Curb Your Enthusiasm' Music: How the Italian Tuba March Found Its Way to Larry David
When "Curb Your Enthusiasm" returns for its much-anticipated 10th season it does so with it a musical theme that's a prime example of recognizable sonic branding and has become synonymous with comedy in our complicated times: "Frolic" by composer Luciano Michelini. But surprisingly, this comic march for tuba, mandolin and piano wasn't specifically written for [...]
How a Twitter Joke About Women at Country Radio Reignited a Firestorm (Column)
Do you remember the classic Bee Gees song that goes, "I started a joke… that started the whole world crying"? (It's okay if you don't.) That's how I felt this week after realizing that a sarcastic tweet I'd typed out in a half-minute at a stoplight led to a social media firestorm, then a tempest of [...]
Tanya Tucker and Brandi Carlile Set as Dynamic Duo for Grammys
Country legend Tanya Tucker and her producer, Brandi Carlile, will perform together on the Grammys in one week, both singers announced on their respective social media accounts Sunday. Wrote Carlile: "Let's. do. this." (One of the first responses on Carlile's Instagram came from a fellow Seattle musician, Soundgarden's Matt Cameron: "Hell yes!") "I wanted you [...]
iHeartRadio celebrated the alternative stars of its airwaves on Saturday night with AlterEgo, inviting the likes of Billie Eilish, Coldplay, Blink-182 and the Black Keys to Los Angeles' the Forum. Eilish kicked off the show — a solid strategy in getting the younger set to get in on time — with hits like "Bad Guy," [...]
Singer David Olney Dies During Performance at Florida's 30A Festival
Singer-songwriter David Olney has died at age 71, after falling silent and dropping his head in the midst of a performance at the 30A Songwriters Festival in Florida Saturday night. Some news reports said he "collapsed" on stage, but that isn't quite true: Olney simply became still on his stool, leading some audience members and [...]
Bruce Springsteen Brings Out the Hits for First 'Light of Day' Performance in 5 Years (Watch)
Bruce Springsteen brought back an Asbury Park tradition on Saturday night, taking the stage at the Paramount Theater for the big finale of Light of Day's Winterfest. It had been five years since the "real governor of New Jersey," as Springsteen was introduced, attended the annual event, a week-long musical celebration which raises money to [...]


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Vanilla OS 22.10 Review: Ambitious Linux Distro for Tech-Savvy Users
by Arindam 3 weeks ago 3 weeks ago
A detailed deep-dive review of Vanilla OS 22.10 "Kinetic" – arrives with a stock Ubuntu and GNOME experience.
About Vanilla OS 22.10 "Kinetic"
There is joy in trying out a freshly baked Linux distro. And it's time to have a first distro review of the Vanilla OS.
Vanilla OS is a new and unique Linux distribution that has been under development for a year or more. After considerable testing in closed beta, the team announced the maiden release of Vanilla OS 22.10 "Kinetic".
It's based on Ubuntu and its release cycle. Hence the code name "Kinetic", following the release of Kinetic Kudu in October.
This review mainly targets this first release. Let's dig in while I can give you an idea of the essence of this distribution.
Vanilla OS 22.10 Review
Live medium and boot
Downloading of this distribution was seamless from the official website. The ISO size of this version is 1.8 GB which is relatively smaller compared to Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu; whose ISO size is ~3GB.
The LIVE medium in a modern system took a little longer to boot compared to Ubuntu and other recent distros. At the first boot, you get a clean GNOME desktop with a standard top bar, application menu and a nice wallpaper.
Vanilla OS 22.10 Desktop
Installer and Installation
The installer is available in the application menu, which launches the following screen. You can try Vanilla OS or install it. It doesn't use the popular installer which is currently available. It's a homegrown installer developed using GTK4 and libadwaita.
I planned to try this distribution in a physical system and also in a virtual machine.
Vanilla OS Installer
The vanilla-installer uses a series of screens to capture the keyboard, language, region and other necessary minimum details to kick-start an installation.
One of the page of vanilla-installer
While trying to install it in a physical system as a dual-boot, I found out you can't install it in a separate partition. As per the documentation, the partition module is in progress and to be available in the future. So, if you are trying to install it in a physical system, you have to erase the entire disk. Be cautious and take backups before installing.
Also, another surprise for me is the minimum disk space required which is 50 GB for its installation. This is a hard requirement. While it might not be an issue for users, it seems a requirement for the immutability nature of the distribution. And it comes with a cost. To compare, on average, 15GB to 20GB is the base standard for installation for all the major Linux distributions today.
50GB of disk space required for installation
Installation can only be done in this version to entire disk
Besides the above, all went well with the installation on a virtual machine. Since I could not install it in a physical system without erasing the entire disk.
Vanilla OS 22.10 installation
Welcome and First Look
Vanilla OS brings "first-setup" as a welcome app which takes care of the initial configuration. That includes your preference for light/dark theme, Flatpak/AppImage, common applications and LibreOffice.
This is one of the best features of Vanilla OS for new users, where the OS takes care of these things before you start using the distribution. It also opens up the possibility to include more applications in the future as a default choice, such as GIMP, Krita and other popular apps.
Welcome screen allows choosing Flatpak- AppImage and other initial configurations
Custom application selection in welcome screen
But remember, all the extra apps and configuration requires download and installation at the end of the welcome screen wizard. And it needs a reboot.
Furthermore, if you are using it on a virtual machine, the Vanilla first-setup app allows you to install VM Tooks, restricted codes and fonts.
Immutability
By design, Vanilla OS is an immutable and atomic Linux distribution at its core. It uses ABRoot to give you an immutability feature. In layman's terms, your core system files are read-only. So, if your applications or any non-technical user can not corrupt the core system files.
It has its benefits. Since the core system files are protected, fewer user errors lead to a better experience. If you remember SteamOS from Valve for SteamDeck handheld gaming device, it follows the same method. SteamOS is based on Arch Linux and features the KDE Plasma desktop. Due to this, SteamOS performance and end-user feedbacks are excellent.
Automatic Updates in GNOME Software
Other key features that immutability brings are robust updates and rollback using ABRoot, which Vanilla OS uses. So, as an end user, you worry less between version upgrades, premature upgrade failure and many upgrade problems. Because ABRoot only flushes the read-only root partition once all the update components are ready and authentic. And it does it behind the scene.
Apx Package Manager and Software
However, immutability comes with certain pain points also. It's common for all the distros which follow this model.
Since your root partition is read-only, you can't simply install software by command line.
apt command won't work
Although Vanilla OS, by default, features Flathub – the largest repository for Flatpaks, many free and open-source apps still do not have Flatpak. For example, KDE's screenshot app Spectacle doesn't have a Flatpak. There are many examples like this.
In those situations, less-technical users might face difficulty in installing them.
For command line-driven programs, Vanilla OS introduces a new package manager called apx. It's based on Distrobox and might pose specific difficulties to less-technical users when they find that a simple "apt get install" won't work.
The apx package manager work just like apt. You can even use the same command, such as "apx install <name>". the only overhead is that a container is created behind the scenes for each package you install, requiring more disk space than a non-immutable distribution in the same use case.
Apx creates a container to install a CLI program
Despite the difficulties, it also opens up various possibilities, such as installing applications from Arch User Repository (AUR) or Fedora's DNF directly in Vanilla OS.
For example, if you want some package from Fedora's current repo, you can use this command:
apx install --dnf shutter
Installing a package from Fedora DNF repo in Vanilla OS
For other GUI-driven apps, you can directly install it as Flatpak from the Flathub repo via Software which is already configured via the welcome app.
Overall performance in a virtual machine (Oracle VirtualBox) in terms of RAM and CPU usage is excellent. The default installation at idle consumes around 1.5 GB of RAM, and the CPU is at a max 5%. This is the baseline. And it should increase on par with the application you run.
The minimal disk space requirement is 50GB. Here's the default partition done by the installer with various mount points.
Disk usage for Vanilla OS – default installation
Root and boot partition takes around 6 GB of disk space. And home partition usage is around 4 GB with the default set of GNOME apps.
On top of this, as you go on with installing more Flatpak apps, more storage is required. Also, if you install apps from various sources (Fedora, Arch repo), a container will be created for each of them. So, that will take some additional storage space.
So, the base requirement of 50 GB is valid, considering this distribution's most common use cases.
Verdict and Closing Notes
Immutability is not a new concept. It's been there for a while. But it never really takes off as a default for mainstream deployment. It's suitable for enterprise installation, servers, and thin client setups. But immutability may not be a good solution for normal desktop usage for non-technical users.
Vanilla OS is trying to bridge the gap using its own native apps, such as the startup apps, apx package manager and trying to make it easier for the non-tech user base to adopt. But I believe it requires more carefully designed apps, documentation and user training.
Because think about driver packages which often come as .deb or .rpm packages, it might be a very difficult and frustrating experience for the end user to install those packages in an immutable system.
Having said that, I think Vanilla OS 22.10 is a good initiative, but it may remain constrained to a specific user base in the near future. You can download Vanilla OS from the official website.
Feel free to express your views about this new distribution in the comment box below.
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By using the BeamFinder, you can find answers to questions like "Which satellite beams can I receive at my location with my current equipment?", "How do I aim my satellite dish to receive a specific satellite beam?" or "What dish size do I need to receive a specific satellite beam?". When the setup is complete, your position will also be indicated by a red dot in the footprint maps.
If you are logged in, you can access a BeamFinder demonstration which also indicates receivable TV channels with the possibility to control an ACU (Antenna Control Unit) and a satellite receiver (based on Enigma 1/2 OS).
Please press the button below to start the BeamFinder setup procedure.


The 2019 Champions for Health Promoting Schools Program in Antigua, West Indies represents the eighth year students and faculty from the Kinesiology and Teacher Education Programs at the University of the Fraser Valley will be volunteering on the island (14th year of the program). A total of 32 students from UFV will be participating in the four week life skills teaching internship in a total of 12 schools including two highschools. Working side by side with local educators, the students will be promoting physical and health education in innovative and effective ways to enrich the quality of teaching and learning in classrooms as well as in the field.
The students are joined by program leader, Dr. Joanna Sheppard who directly corresponds with the Ministry of Education including the Honourable Dr. Michael Browne, the Director of Education Mr. Brown and Educational Zone Officers.
Students from the University of the Fraser Valley are immersed in teaching and promotion of Life Skills Learning through various unique activities. This year the UFV team will volunteering at the 8th Annual Sir Reginald Samuel Track and Field Meet, as well as the Antigua Youth Basketball Program.
Through physical and health education classes, over 2500 students are directly exposed to various health dimensions which not only provide information about how students can live a healthy lifestyle but also how their family, friends and other members of the community can follow in these same footsteps. Topics range from physical literacy through movement education and teaching games for understanding, to life skills around cooperation, teamwork, communication, bullying, decision making, hygiene management and nutrition.
Over 2500 students are actively involved in the UFV Unity Games, school run activity days surrounding the 5 dimensions of health (social, physical, intellectual, environmental and emotional well-being). Through child centred games (physical, cognitive and emotional domains), students enhanced their understanding of how to live a healthy life. The Unity Games are attended by principals, teachers, parents and members of the community.
Thank you for sharing your first days experience teaching these lively students. I am really enjoying reading all your posts. Very touching.
You are amazing representatives of UFV and teachers from Canada! Soak in this incredible opportunity for learning exchange and safe travels to all.
Brian Justin here! Just wanted to add a few words to let you know how important your teaching is!
– Create "Kin"ship between each child and with you.
– You "Kin"nect their mind and body.
– You teach them to "Kin"trol their emotions. "E"motion is energy in motion.
– And most of all you will make being active "Kin"tagious!
Be proud of the impact you will make. And as Dwayne "the Rock" Johnson (yes I am a fan) says, "Keep Chasing Greatness".
You are all awesome! High Fives to all and a Big Hug to my Sis Jo Shep!
As a grade 4 teacher here on the island it is my honor and privilege to be able to lend my support in any capacity possible to this group of lovely young people. It is sooo amazing to see them in action. The way the kids get super excited to have them around is truly awesome.
I am looking forward to many great things from your time here on the island. And I am especially pleased to be taking part and also have had the opportunity to visit Canada for two weeks on a similar journey. It was definitely life changing. Stay true Champs.


December is normally the month of gifts. This month I received some great books as gifts. However, I did pick some up for myself. Book Outlet had this deal on to get a special bear when you spend over $35. If you posted a picture with your bear and used their hashtag, you would also be entered for a grand prize. I cannot bring myself to buy books I don't need for my series collections, so I just missed the $35, but you can still enter!
Free Book Outlet Bear with every order $35 or more while supplies last!
With these new additions to my library, I have had to do some shelf rearranging. I have now removed all cook books I had on one shelf and put them on a shelf in another room altogether. I hated doing that, but I'm getting stuck. It freed up a lot of space though. I'm still debating on buying one more book case, just to use the shelves out of it to add to the cases I have now. The ones I have only came with a few shelves, and it can fit at least a couple more. My brilliant daughter came up with the plan, now we just need to buy the book case!
So this was a month that included some gifts, some purchased and I finally did end up using some of my Audible credits. I always jump on the 2 for 1 sale they have. I also got really frustrated with Hoopla when I couldn't download the book I wanted right that second, so I ended up using credits. Can't waste listening time because Hoopla has reached its daily limit! It also helped that Audible told me I had to use two of my credits before the end of the month! They've been building up nicely since I started getting most of my audiobooks from the library.
So this has been December. Keep an eye out for my yearly budget total post coming up soon! I'd also love to hear about any goodies you got for the holidays, so leave me comments and tell me about them!


People often tell me of their confusion – and sometimes despair – in working out their feeling states and 'sense of self'. When we under great stress, it can be easy to lose a confidence in the world and have any clarity of thought or conviction. It may even be that we are caught up in a powerful relationship with someone who has taken over our thinking – I saw the film Big Eyes last night which offered up a vivid and extreme example of this with the abusive relationship between Walter and Margaret Keane. At times like this, life can feel overwhelming and decision-making nearly impossible – how you can we decide anything when we can't trust ourselves?
When I hear stories like this, it tells me of a dire need to forget about any decision-making and to focus all energies on self-care. Learning to trust oneself and build up confidence in our own wants and desires may take practice and time, but also involves setting an intention to do so. Just as you may go and visit a friend in distress, carving time to hear them and understand their own confusion – the same applies to ourselves. I talk about "pressing the pause button" – a difficult thing to do when we are wired to react and respond quickly – but it may allow a valuable space to connect with our feelings, and then address them as we would to a friend – with compassion.
Building ourselves 'up' to a stronger sense of confidence in the world demands a level of attention that we would often give others without thought but is often the gift of a therapy space and what makes it different from other conversations.


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Biographies & Pen-Portraits
Technical Education and the Inseparability of Academics and Industry
Posted 20 February 2014 by Dennis Redley & filed under Counterpoint.
Image Courtesy ofvalleytech.k12.ma.us
Vocational education paved the way for learners of all ages to acquire necessary skills for technical industries. In the past, it was integrated in the mainstream curriculum. Over the years, this integration between academic and technical education was phased out, creating a significant lack of qualified applicants for jobs involved in such industries.
It can be attributed to the disappearance of the previously blatant support of corporations to the technical curriculum. Before, companies involved in the technical market were offering partnerships for schools as part of their campaign to build a workforce. Today, less than likely will anyone find training services from private companies in the school system.
Indivisibility of education and work
In 1907, the Smith Vocational and Agricultural High School were institutionalized, becoming the very first technical school in Massachusetts. With its mission of preparing high school students for an academic diploma and an official Certificate of Occupational Proficiency, many schools all over the world have failed to make such seamless integration. Its emphasis is on building skills that aren't easily taught within the four corners of the traditional classroom. These include analytical skills, resilience, teamwork, and work ethics and habits – all traits required for a successful professional life.
"Many of the skills most needed to compete in the global market of the 21st century are technical skills that fall into the technical/vocational area," said San Francisco State University's professor emeritus of secondary education Mark Philips. "The absence of excellence in many technical and vocational fields is also costing us economically as a nation."
Social stigma of colored collars
Time and time again, students have had the pressure of keeping their skills in the dark due to the stigma that comes with 'skilled labor'. For example, a high school senior who is interested in car engines and mechanics might want to develop this interest into a career, yet family and friends might convince him or her otherwise. The thought of making a career out of 'hand-based jobs' makes society cringe. Occupations such as massage therapy, cosmetology, and auto-mechanics are considered below than the regular 9-to-5 office desk job.
As a tip, how2become's Richard McMunn said present your value as a potential employee. Provide the company you're applying for the skill set you've gained and how you think it would be beneficial to them today and in the long run. It takes one confident applicant to defeat the social norm.
Other road to success and happiness
Unknown to some, a four-year degree is not the only way to achieve success at work. In fact, many jobs in our modern and global society can be considered vocational or technical. Many professional jobs also require certain vocational skills, and it reflects on the increasing mismatch between jobs and job seekers.
In the 21st century, technology drives technical education more than anything. There exist online portals and discussions, even going as far as becoming references for absolute self-study. Smartphones and tablets become Swiss army knives for all sorts of technical jobs that doesn't require a full-blown desktop computer.
Ultimately, vocational education of both secondary and post-secondary tier should be given more attention. The old private-academia partnership might be a thing of the past, but the government has all the capability to create trainings and specialized classes. Additionally, the basic unit of the family is where everything should start.
"[B]eing able to begin legitimizing vocational education in a district may also depend on successfully re-educating parents regarding the value of occupations that aren't high on the social status scale," noted Phillips. Society has devalued manual skills. It's time to reintroduce it as an equally valuable necessity as cognitive skills, and thus should be developed on a more local level.
Dennis Redley is a contributor to several e-publications and blogs centering on education technology. He has volunteered as a youth tech teacher in many boroughs, gathering experience for his future as a technology professor. You may talk to Dennis on Twitter @dredleyone.
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Modularity/ Off-Site Construction Revisited.
Artificial Intelligence and Plumbing
The Importance of Workplace Mathematics
Richard Evans on Junior Technical Schools (JTS)
Jaybee on Junior Technical Schools (JTS)
Richard Evans on General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQs) 1992-2007.
kate on General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQs) 1992-2007.
A Short history of Technical Education
Biographies & Pen Portraits
Information on Colleges and Training Providers
Statistics for Technical and Commercial Examinations
The History of Technical and Commercial Examinations
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