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On 24 August 2021 By Carol HenshawIn Art & Architecture, Ireland
Our first trip to Northern Ireland to visit my husband's parents in almost two years coincided with an art project on the North Coast which it was hoped, would increase footfall to the area again. It began in early August and involved street artists from the UK and Ireland to add murals to towns on the coast between Limavady to Ballycastle. On our visit, not all were completed but we managed to see some. In James's hometown of Ballymoney which is also known as 'cow town' there is a cow on the gable end of a building
and another by Shane O'Driscoll elsewhere in the town.
Queen Street, Coleraine has a large work by artist EMIC.
Port Stewart has two; a Sea Eagle by Danleo adorns one building
and a monochrome one by JMK sits below the Dominican College.
There are five works in Limavady, off Market Street but we did not have chance to see them. Two more are due to be unveiled there. There is also one in Castle Street, Ballycastle but we missed that also.
We have seen a lot of street art on our journeys including a mural of Amelia Earhart in Cuba.
The Cadillac Ranch in Amarillo, Texas on Route 66 has regular updates from the public.
This is in Lisbon, Ohio on the Lincoln Highway which we drove in 2016.
Here is a side street in Melbourne, Australia which we found on our journey round Highway One in 2018.
In 2017 we saw a Banksy at Jökulsárlón, Iceland.
St John's church at the west end of Princes St in Edinburgh has a group of artists who regularly paint a mural on the side of the building, often commenting on current issues. This one was done in December 2016 after a small child migrant's body was washed up on a shore in the Mediterranean.
I always enjoy spotting some new street art wherever I am, even though it is not something I have tried myself.
muralsstreet art
A night by the canal
One thought on "Street Art"
I can't resist mentioning that my former UC Santa Cruz film professor Chip Lord co-created "Cadillac Ranch" in 1974 as a public art installation and sculpture in Amarillo, Texas, USA.
Chip Lord, & his co-creators Hudson Marquez and Doug Michels were a part of the art group Ant Farm.
24 August 2021 at 6:09 pm	 Reply


Recently released data from HomeUnion shows median prices for U.S. investment housing growing at a faster rate than owner-occupied home prices. According to the new HomeUnion Home Sales Report, prices for investment housing – both financed and all-cash–jumped 7.1 percent to $213,300, while the median price for owner-occupied homes increased 4.0 percent to $274,500 in July.
"Investor demand for single-family rentals (SFRs) remains strong, as evidenced by the overall decline in cap rates in July," said Steve Hovland, director of research for HomeUnion, an online real estate investment management firm.
HomeUnion's figures showed cap rates for all types of investment housing dropped 50 basis points to 5.1 percent, cash cap rates retreated 60 basis points to 6.0 percent, and leveraged investment cap rates declined 20 basis points to 4.4 percent.
Although home prices are expected to decline in the fall months, the overall supply/demand imbalance will keep values elevated and many first-time buyers on the sidelines, according to HomeUnion. As a result, downward pressure on the already record-low homeownership rate will persist through the end of the year.


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text:
Mary Lucinda Wilkes
Personal Information | Media | Sources | Event Map | All | PDF
Name Mary Lucinda Wilkes [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
Born 16 Sep 1840 Maxton, Robeson, North Carolina, USA [2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13]
Residence 1850 Upper Division, Robeson, North Carolina, USA [10]
Residence 1860 North Division, Robeson, North Carolina, USA [11]
Residence 8 Feb 1870 Smiths, Robeson, North Carolina, USA [2]
Residence 1880 Smiths, Robeson, North Carolina, USA [12]
Residence 1900 Smiths, Robeson, North Carolina, USA [3]
Died 9 Sep 1914 Allendale, Hoke, North Carolina, USA [7, 13]
Buried 10 Sep 1914 Robeson, North Carolina, USA [13]
Person ID I14449 tng Genealogy
Father Elias Wilkes, b. 16 Apr 1804, Gum Swamp, Robeson, North Carolina, USA , d. 18 Aug 1860, Gum Swamp, Robeson, North Carolina, USA (Age 56 years)
Mother Sarah Hughes, b. 1810, Robeson, North Carolina, USA , d. 25 Jan 1877, Robeson, North Carolina, USA (Age 67 years)
Married 4 Mar 1836 Montgomery, Georgia, USA [14, 15, 16, 17, 18]
Family Angus John Wilkes, b. 7 Mar 1837, Gum Swamp, Robeson, North Carolina, USA , d. 31 May 1865, Gum Swamp, Robeson, North Carolina, USA (Age 28 years)
Marriage Bond 25 Jan 1861 Robeson, North Carolina, USA [8]
Marriage License 25 Jan 1861 Robeson, North Carolina, USA [9, 19, 20]
Married 14 Feb 1861 Robeson, North Carolina, USA [6, 9, 19]
Groom:	Angus J Wilkes
Bride:	Mary Lucinda Wilkes
Bond_Date:	25 Jan 1861
Bond #:	000118434
Marriage Date:	14 Feb 1861
Level Info:	North Carolina Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868
ImageNum:	008635
County:	Robeson
Record #:	01 165
Witness:	W H Hartman, Cl
Performed By:	Hector McLean, Minister of the Gospel
http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=ncmarr1741&h=163273&indiv=try
+ 1. John Elias Wilkes, b. 8 Feb 1862, Robeson, North Carolina, USA , d. Between 1 Mar and 24 Dec 1906, Columbia, Florida, USA [natural]
+ 2. William Angus Wilkes, b. 25 Mar 1864, Hoke, North Carolina, USA , d. 11 May 1936, Lumberton, Robeson, North Carolina, USA (Age 72 years) [natural]
3. Neil D Wilkes, b. 10 Jul 1874, Robeson, North Carolina, USA , d. 20 Mar 1877, North Carolina, USA (Age 2 years) [natural]
Load the map
Born - 16 Sep 1840 - Maxton, Robeson, North Carolina, USA
Marriage Bond - 25 Jan 1861 - Robeson, North Carolina, USA
Marriage License - 25 Jan 1861 - Robeson, North Carolina, USA
Married - 14 Feb 1861 - Robeson, North Carolina, USA
Residence - 8 Feb 1870 - Smiths, Robeson, North Carolina, USA
Residence - 1880 - Smiths, Robeson, North Carolina, USA
Buried - 10 Sep 1914 - Robeson, North Carolina, USA
Neil Archie Wilkes Civil War Service Records (15)
Enlisted 1 Aug 1861 at Fayetteville, NC, age 20;
Wounded 22 Sep 1863 at Battle of Jack's Shop, Madison, VA;
Died from wounds 24 Sep 1863 at Culpepper County, VA
[S51] Bible.
[ View Source Document]
[S352] 1870 United States Federal Census, Ancestry.com, (Name: The Generations Network, Inc.; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2003;).
1870 U.S. Federal Census. Smiths, Robeson, North Carolina, post office Lumberton, roll 1157, page 134, image 269.
http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1870usfedcen&h=34466053&indiv=try
[ View Federal Census Document]
1900 U.S. Federal Census. Robeson, North Carolina, ED 117, roll T623 1214, page 8B.
1910 U.S. Federal Census. Smiths, Robeson, North Carolina, ED , roll T624_1129, part , page 17B.
http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1910USCenIndex&h=175724801&indiv=try
[S658] Robesonian, Lumberton, North Carolina (online archive).
Mary Lucinda Wilkes property sale
https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/51950/News-NO-RO.1902_06_20-0002/473124866
[S393] North Carolina Marriage Collection, 1741-2004, Ancestry.com, (Name: Ancestry.com Operations Inc; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2007;).
North Carolina Marriage Collection.
[ View marriage certificate]
[S196] North Carolina Death Collection, 1908-1996, Ancestry.com, (Name: Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2005;).
Online publication - North Carolina Death Collection, 1908-1996 2005.Original data - North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. North Carolina Death Records, 1968-1996. North Carolina Vital Records, Raleigh, North Carolina. North Carolina Archives and Records Section. North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, North Carolina..
[S547] North Carolina, Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com, (Name: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2015;).
Record for Angus J Wilkes
http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=NC-MarriageRecords&h=6093652&indiv=try
Name:	Angus J Wilkes
Bond Date:	25 Jan 1861
Bond Place:	Robeson, North Carolina, USA
Spouse:	Mary Lucinda Wilkes
Spouse Gender:	Female
Event Type:	Bond
[S475] North Carolina, Marriage Bonds, 1741-1868, Ancestry.com, (Name: Ancestry.com Operations Inc; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2000;), Database online.
Name:	Mary Lucinda Wilkes
Spouse:	Angus J Wilkes
Spouse Gender:	Male
Year: 1850; Census Place: Upper Division, Robeson, North Carolina; Roll: M432_642; Page: 349B; Image: 199
http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1850usfedcenancestry&h=12959602&indiv=try
Year: 1860; Census Place: North Division, Robeson, North Carolina; Roll: M653_911; Page: 459; Image: 258; Family History Library Film: 803911
[S353] 1880 United States Federal Census, Ancestry.com and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, (Name: The Generations Network, Inc.; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2005;).
Year: 1880; Census Place: Smiths, Robeson, North Carolina; Roll: 979; Family History Film: 1254979; Page: 596A; Enumeration District: 184; Image: 0673.
[S366] Certificate of Death.
[ View death certificate]
[S153] Internet, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/FWCS-XT5.
Elias Wilkes, "Georgia, Marriages, 1808-1967"
groom's name:	Elias Wilkes
groom's birth date:
groom's birthplace:
groom's age:
bride's name:	Sarah Hughes
bride's birth date:
bride's birthplace:
bride's age:
marriage date:	04 Mar 1836
marriage place:	, Montgomery, Georgia
groom's father's name:
groom's mother's name:
bride's father's name:
bride's mother's name:
groom's race:
groom's marital status:
groom's previous wife's name:
bride's race:
bride's marital status:
bride's previous husband's name:
indexing project (batch) number:	M71340-2
system origin:	Georgia-EASy
source film number:	218817
Citing this Record
"Georgia, Marriages, 1808-1967," index, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/FWCS-XT5 : accessed 02 Dec 2012), Elias Wilkes and Sarah Hughes, 04 Mar 1836.
[S529] Georgia, Marriage Records From Select Counties, 1828-1978, Ancesrty.com, (Name: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2013;).
Record for Elias Wilkes
http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=4766&h=762564&indiv=try
[S138] Georgia Marriages, 1699-1944, Hunting For Bears, comp., (Name: Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2004;).
Record for Elias Wilkes and Sarah Hughes
http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=GAmarriages_ga&h=207685&indiv=try
Record for Elias Wilks
Record for Sarah Hughes and Elias Wilkes
http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=GAmarriages_ga&h=97146&indiv=try
[S175] Marriage Records.
[S246] Rootsweb.
Robeson County North Carolina Marriages

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Parking garage light viewed through "Night Spectra Quest" viewer.
Nighttime isn't colorful, and was even less so in the days before artificial lighting. Human color vision decreases the darker it gets, eventually reaching true black and white.
However, with a spectroscope in hand, there are rainbows to be found.
The Night Spectra Quest uses prism-like diffraction grating to break up light into colors.
Hidden in each light is a psychedelic pattern encoded with information.
For the past month, I've been viewing and photographing the color within the night lights around me, all thanks to the "Night Spectra Quest" card: a $4 diffraction viewer designed by professor Stephen F. Jacobs of the University of Arizona.
The vast majority of lights, including the sun, fire, and incandescent light bulbs, give off a continuous rainbow spectrum.
But some lights have distinct patterns: lines rather than fades, unusual color distributions, and/or breaks in their spectra. The card contains a key to unlock each unique rainbow's information.
Rear of card (left) listing spectra on front (right). Note viewing hole with diffraction film at bottom right. Click to enlarge.
The card lists 9 different types of light signatures. So far, I've found five. I will update this post as I find the others.
Incandescent light bulbs have a "continuous spectrum" that looks like a solid rainbow where one color fades into another.
The first light I looked at through the Night Spectra Quest turned out to be incandescent. This is a light that shines from the parking lot next door onto my pillow all night; i.e., right into my eyes. Though I was hoping for a more interesting spectrum, turning it into a rainbow felt like befriending an irritating neighbor.
Fluorescent lights have both a continuous spectrum and a "line spectrum". Note the light blue in the middle of the dark blue, and the blue in the middle of the green.
It was with this photo that I discovered that standing off to the side could pop the rainbow out like a hologram.
The first and most common "line spectra" I've seen that can be decoded with the card is metal halide. It has a gap in the yellow, but isn't missing its purple like the sodium lamps.
I thought LED lighting was replacing old gas discharge lamps, but I have noticed several metal halide lamps on brand-new buildings.
Neon, in its purest state, is red and has a red and orange spectrum, making this cross as well as the shape of the storefront window come alive in a holographic and totally otherworldly manner.
The small, continuous rainbows that pierce it are probably from a string of small incandescent or LED lights reflected in the window.
Most colored neon has lots of close-together reds and oranges, a nearby green, and a distant blue and violet.
While out with friends, this sign prompted me to pass the Night Spectra Quest around for everybody to see. One friend imagined getting a stack of cards to have on hand to give out. She thought it could help someone who was having a bad night, and I agree.
Starline Social Club, Oakland, CA.
Visiting such a psychedelic world made me wonder what life would be like if this phenomenon was natural, either on an alien planet or built into our eyes. During the day, it would be overwhelming to see rainbows along with all of the other colors and so much light. But at night it would be glorious.
All photos by Emily Wick unless otherwise noted.
This entry is part of my Learning How To See project: my quest to see the world differently and find what is hiding in everyday life.


It's not often that a book fundamentally influences my work habits like Accidental Genius by Mark Levy. The entire book is about idea generation and idea refinement using freewriting.
Freewriting sounds like a no-brainer. In fact, that's kind of the point. You let your thoughts flow in a stream of consciousness, an exercise I did in a 6th-grade writing class. Who'da thunk I'd hearken back to my school assignments as a 12-year-old to channel an effective writing habit? But that's what has truly changed my writing process.
As weird as that felt (and looked), it was as if it encouraged my brain to keep on churning. I typed a lot of gibberish, but I was able to go back and splice bits of ideas together. I wrote some of my best headlines yet.
The second big takeaway was that something as simple as freewriting could actually improve my writing process. But I have not had writers' block since. Something always comes out, and if it's wishy-washy, I can go back later and spice it up.
Perhaps the reason I didn't freewrite regularly is because it seemed too simple. It did make sense that more thoughts could come out on paper when you're forced to document your stream of consciousness, but sometimes when an idea feels so elementary, I tend to dismiss it and gravitate to the more "serious" stuff. But it turns out that the simplest concepts and habits can set you on the most productive path.
So the encouragement here is to consider this old, basic tactic of idea generation. Don't let its simplicity deter you from making it a regular habit for all writing projects, from blog posts to headlines to lengthy product descriptions. And I do recommend Levy's book. Not only did it teach me how to freewrite again, but his anecdotal examples are amusing and relatable.
Book Recommendation: Accidental Genius by Mark Levy.


text:
The 1937 Traktor Stalingrad season was the 2nd season in USSR championships.

Squad

 (captain)

Transfers

In:

Out:

Competitions

Friendlies

Soviet Cup

USSR Championship. Group IV

Table

Statistics

Squad Statistics

Appearances and goals

|}
Note: The seven goals scored are not considered because unknown who goalscorers in Tractor Stalingrad – Dynamo Saratov.

Top Scorers

Note: The seven goals scored are not considered because unknown who goalscorers in Tractor Stalingrad – Dynamo Saratov.

General Statistics

Sources

FC Rotor Volgograd seasons
Traktor Stalingrad
1937 in Soviet football

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Enjoy sunsets and tranquility from these locations. Sound view homes and lots include all properties directly on the sound, marsh and canals as well as those with indirect views of the Sound, Intracoastal Waterway, and Canal. Some of these homes and lots are along the marshes of Topsail Island and do not permit direct sound access. Most sound view homes do not include private sound access but some of these homes can have community docks and piers as part of a HOA. Please note that some of these piers are for kayaks, stand up paddle boards, etc. as there is not enough deep water for boats. Ask your Ward Realty Realtor to help with any questions about water access.
Ocean front ''B lot'' in highly sought after Ocean Ridge Village.


Mepaco's Field Services team have developed a quick-read download on the seal trouble signs that our technicians see in food processing plants. Also Learn about and compare Mepaco recommended seals commonly used on our equipment.
Our techs make hundreds of service calls to troubleshoot and make repairs to seals on all types of food processing equipment and in many applications. If you have any questions or have seal related issues, give Joe Hertel a call in Mepaco Field Services at 920-356-7334.
Process Expo Sept 19 - 22; Free Pass!


This is the first Clinic for Columbia St. Mary's designed to the particular needs of bariatric patients. To make the patient less self-conscious, CSM has established a separate private waiting room for Clinical Procedures. The bright, clean, and modern looking procedures wing lets patients know of the high level of care delivered. The two-tone brick façade and distinct shaped roof link the architecture of the Mequon Hospital with this Grafton based clinic.
The main public waiting spaces convey a comfortable human scale with warm calming finishes. Natural wood finishes and colorful tile accents replaced the standard institutional palette. With an entry located opposite the busy street, visitors and caregivers can easily step outside to garden spaces for a breath of fresh air.


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Stanford's Graduate School of Business published an article last week on the startling connection between musical preferences and personalities revealed in a new paper, entitled "The Song Is You: Preferences for Musical Attribute Dimensions Reflect Personality," co-authored by Stanford assistant professor of organizational behavior Michal Kosinski, music psychologist and lead author David Greenberg of Cambridge, Daniel Levitin of McGill (author of the best-selling This Is Your Brain on Music), and Jason Rentfrow at Cambridge.
The new study has major implications for streaming sites like Spotify and Pandora, as well as for the fields of musical therapy and health care.
In preparation for the research, the authors had to locate a clear-cut path through the often vague and confusing ways in which music is traditionally classified.
Interested in taking the quiz? Visit www.musicaluniverse.org.


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text:
Canada's economic interest lies in pragmatic China-Taiwan ties
Tsai Ing-wen, the democratically elected representative of the independence-leaning Democratic Progressive Party, was sworn in May 20 as President of the self-styled Republic of China, known to almost everyone as Taiwan. Her inauguration speech laid out her domestic economic and social agenda, but also included an important "gesture of goodwill" to China by indirectly acknowledging the basis for continuing dialogue. The continuation of pragmatic working relations between Taiwan and China has implications for Canada.
Ms. Tsai made clear that she favours maintaining the direct links that have flourished over the past eight years under her predecessor, Ma Ying-jeou of the Kuomintang (KMT). However, she studiously avoided any reference to China's key demand, acknowledgment of the so-called 1992 consensus.
To have done so would mean accepting Beijing's insistence on "one China." The consensus is based on a 1992 understanding between unofficial organizations representing the two sides on their respective interpretations of the meaning of "one China." After the KMT came to power in 2008, China declared that the consensus met its minimum condition that dialogue should take place within the parameters of "one China" and not on a state-to-state basis, and used it to justify the negotiation of direct links.
It's not surprising that Ms. Tsai did not directly acknowledge the magical "consensus" formula in her inauguration speech. She was not elected to endorse the KMT's one-China principle, seen by many Taiwanese as giving China too many economic levers. But neither does her electorate want to rock the boat. Various polls show that while most Taiwanese would prefer independence, they also recognize that such a step would precipitate an economic and political crisis. The majority, therefore, favour the current ambiguous relationship.
In her speech, Ms. Tsai stated she was elected President in accordance with the constitution of the Republic of China and mentioned the "joint acknowledgments and understandings" that took place in 1992.
Whether this deliberately ambiguous wording will be sufficient for China remains to be seen. For now, there is likely to be a pause. Nevertheless, provided that Ms. Tsai plays her cards well over the longer term, the prospects are positive for a resumption of correct (if not warm) China-Taiwan relations.
Ms. Tsai's challenge is to persuade China to not roll back the gains that have been made in establishing a full range of cross-Taiwan Strait activities (direct air links, tourist and student exchanges, bilateral agreements on the environment, fisheries, postal services and so on) without being seen by Taiwanese voters as being too compliant.
She has to signal to China that she will not make any moves toward independence while sending the message to her electorate that she will bring a new tone to relations with China, by standing up for Taiwan and seeking to diversify interests. In her speech, she emphasized a new "southbound" policy, expressed a desire to join both the Trans-Pacific Partnership and Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreements, two regional trade blocs being finalized, and noted specifically that her administration will "bid farewell to our past overreliance on a single market" – a signal directed at China that Taiwan intends to increase its trade with other countries.
Beijing has already reacted negatively by calling the remarks "incomplete" and chiding Ms. Tsai for failing to explicitly recognize the consensus – but what action will it take? It could flex its economic and diplomatic muscles, but once the posturing is over, common sense and pragmatism suggest the two sides are likely to find some form of acceptable modus vivendi.
For Canada, the conciliatory message Ms. Tsai sent in her inauguration speech has implications for our relations with China – and Taiwan.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's government is undergoing a review of Canada's policy options on China, and Mr. Trudeau is widely expected to make an official visit to Beijing on the margins of this fall's Group of 20 meeting. Under consideration is Canadian membership in the China-sponsored Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and a possible announcement of a start to negotiations toward a free-trade or economic partnership agreement with China.
At the same time, Canada continues to have fairly robust economic relations with Taiwan, although the balance of trade is heavily in Taiwan's favour. Recently, we concluded an agreement to eliminate dual taxation of businesses. Taiwan would like the next step to be an investment-protection agreement, followed by a bilateral trade deal along the lines of the one it has with New Zealand.
There is certainly scope for Canada to do more with Taiwan to advance its economic interests, and to strengthen cultural and educational ties for mutual benefit. To the extent that China and Taiwan can agree to maintain a peaceful and productive bilateral dialogue, this is good news for Canada, as it helps ease the way for the further pursuit of our interests on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Given the likely expansion of ties between Canada and China, there is still plenty of latitude for Canada to simultaneously further develop relations with Taiwan. For Canada, this does not have to be a case of dealing with one at the expense of the other.
Hugh Stephens is a fellow at the Canadian Global Affairs Institute, distinguished fellow at the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada and an executive fellow at the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary. He previously served as executive director of the Canadian Trade Office in Taipei.
Image: TYRONE SIU/REUTERS


text:
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Meet Mudkip and Wooper, the two newest members of the SFU Biology Department. The axolotls, also known as Mexican salamander, are actually amphibians and not walking fish, although they do spend their entire lives in water. The axolotl's name is derived from the Latin words "atl" (water) and "xolotl" (monster). They retain their larval features as adults and never go through metamorphosis.
The axolotls are currently the eighth most endangered species in the world with less than 100 individuals currently left in the wild. Their natural habitat is in an area of less than 10 square kilometers in the region of Xochimilco, Mexico. The water quality in the canals they live in has been deteriorating from increased pollution levels. The introduction of larger fish such as carp and tilapia to control aquatic weeds and insects has also affected their population level.
The Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium had a pair of Axolotls that recently had babies, and two of the juveniles were donated to the Saint Francis University Biology department. Students in the Aquarium and Zoo Science program will set up their tank, write a care manual and gain experience caring for these unique creatures.


Charge heterogeneity is one of the most critical quality attributes of antibodies, which has strong influence on drug's biological activity and safety. Finding out the key components that affecting charge variants is of great significance for establishing a competitive culture process. In this study, we first illustrated uridine's great impacts on antibody charge heterogeneity in CHO cell fed-batch cultures.
Uridine was beneficial to cell growth and the maintenance of cell viability, which made IVCC increased by 50% and the final titer improved by 64%. However, uridine had great influences on mAb's charge variants. In uridine added cultures, the acidic variant levels were about 9% lower than those in control cultures, while the basic variant levels were about 6% higher than those in control cultures. Further investigation found that the decrease of aggregates and glycated forms were responsible for the reduction of acidic variants. What's more, uridine decreased the lysine variant levels.
Uridine's addition to fed-batch promoted cell growth and the final titer, in the meanwhile, uridine decreased the acidic variants dramatically. Therefore, feeding uridine is an efficient way to control the generation of acidic charge variants in up-stream process. These findings provide new ideas and guidance for the control and optimization of antibody charge heterogeneity in culture process developments.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been growing rapidly during the past two decades. The majority of the biopharmaceutical industry is currently using fed-batch cultures as a platform technology and CHO cells as host cells for mAb's production. CHO cells have excellent ability to support mAb's expressing, secreting, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) (Jayapal et al. 2007). Charge heterogeneity is an important kind of microheterogeneity caused by post-translational modifications and chemical degradations, which has significant influence on mAb's stability, pharmacokinetics, potency, and biological activities. Sialic acid in glycosylations (Khawli et al. 2010), deamidation (Haberger et al. 2014), reduction of disulfide bond (Dillon et al. 2008) and glycation (Wei et al. 2017) are main sources of acidic variants, while incomplete clipping of lysine residues (Luo et al. 2012), proline amidation (Kaschak et al. 2011), Met/Trp oxidation (Liu et al. 2008) and cyclization of N-terminal Gln (Brorson and Jia 2014) may cause basic variants. Therefore, mAb's charge heterogeneity is exhibited under one or several post-translational modifications. During cell culture process, changes such as scale, medium components, and process parameters may cause inconsistencies on charge heterogeneity.
Medium nutrient components, such as amino acids, vitamins, and metals ions, are very important for mAb's charge heterogeneity. Sodium butyrate showed increased basic charge variants of mAbs (Hong et al. 2014); basic amino acids Arg and Lys can increase levels of lysine variant due to product inhibition effect of Arg and Lys on basic carboxypeptidases (Zhang et al. 2015). Metal ions in medium have significant effects on Mab's charge heterogeneity. Lysine variants increased with the increasing of copper concentration and the decreasing of zinc concentration (Luo et al. 2012), and other investigation showed the higher copper concentration, the higher proline amidation levels were detected. It was found that the supplementation of bioflavonoid chemical family into culture media can reduce the acidic charge variants (Hossler et al. 2015).
Uridine is a kind of exogenous nucleoside added to medium, which is related with nucleotides de novo synthesis pathway. However, few reports have described the application of exogenous nucleoside addition for protein production processes especially for protein's quality. Chen et al. illustrated that hypoxanthine and thymidine can promote initial cell growth and volumetric production of mAb without effects on long-term stability of antibody-producing CHO cells (Chen et al. 2011). Deoxyuridine were observed to increase the mAb concentration to 5.5 g/L compared with 3.3 g/L of no addition of deoxyuridine, and there were no significant differences in the specific production rate (Takagi et al. 2017). In terms of mAb's quality, it was clarified that feeding of uridine, galactose and manganese chloride can increase the galactosylation level (Gramer et al. 2011).
Our research first illustrated uridine's great effects on mAb's charge heterogeneity in fed-batch culture of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. We further investigated uridine's effects on PTMs including glycosylation, aggregation, glycation and lysine variant.
A CHO cell line which produce a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody was used in this study (Sun et al. 2013). The basal medium was a mix of two chemically defined medium purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The feed medium 1 (FM 1) was an in-house developed animal component-free medium without uridine, while feed medium 2 (FM 2) was added 40 mM uridine based on FM 1. Seed cells were generated in 500-mL shake flasks (Corning, NY, USA) in an incubator (Thermo Fisher, OH, USA) at 5% carbon dioxide and 37 °C. Seed cells were inoculated at 1.5 × 106 cells/mL into 50-mL tubular spin using fresh basal medium in a humidified tube spin incubator supplied with 5% CO2 at 37 °C. The feed medium was added daily at 1.2% (v/v) from day 1, respectively. Sampling was performed to determine viable cell density and the supernatant was kept at − 80 °C for further analysis.
Sampling was performed to determine viable cell density and the dead cells were distinguished using Trypan Blue dye exclusion method. The mAb concentration in supernatant was determined by Protein A HPLC assay. The specific mAb production rate (qmAb) was calculated from a plot of the cumulative mAb concentration against the integral of viable cell concentration with time (IVCC) (Yoon et al. 2003).
The mAb concentration was measured using a POROS® A 20 μm (2.1 × 30 mm, Thermo) column coupled with Waters (Milford, MA) Alliance 1525 HPLC and monitored by a UV detector at 280 nm. Mobile phase A was phosphate buffered saline (PBS); while mobile phase B contained 150 mM sodium chloride, pH 2.0. The column was equilibrated by 100% A, and shifted to 100% B to elute the sample.
The mAbs in harvest culture supernatants were purified using a 1-mL protein A affinity column (GE Healthcare). After loading the sample, the column was equilibrated by buffer A (20 mM Tris–HCl, 100 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) and washed by buffer B (20 mM Tris–HCl, 100 mM NaCl, pH 7.4); then the sample was eluted by citric acid and adjusted pH to neutral using 2 M Tris–HCl (pH 8.0). All the HPLC analysis below used mAb samples after purification.
WCX was conducted to determine the charge variant contents of mAbs. About 50 μg purified mAb was injected into an Agilent 1260 HPLC system coupled with a ProPac® WCX-10 column, 4 mm × 250 mm (Dionex, CA, USA). Mobile phase A contained 20 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), pH 6.5, and mobile phase B contained 150 mM sodium chloride, 20 mM MES, pH 6.5. The column temperature was set at 30 °C. A linear gradient elution from 30 to 75% B in 20 min was used at 0.9 mL/min to separate mAb charge variant with a UV detector at 280 nm. The charge variant contents were determined by calculating the percentage of total peak area.
G0, G0F, G1, G1F, G2, G2F and Man5 are main glycan forms of mAb.
The aggregation level of purified mAb was determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using a TSK-Gel G3000SWX column, 7.8 mm × 300 mm (TOSOH, Yamaguchi, Japan) at room temperature on an Agilent 1260 HPLC system. Samples were eluted over 30 min with a 0.2 M sodium chloride and 20 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.4 and monitored by a UV detector at 280 nm. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min. The level of aggregation was expressed as the relative percentage of peak areas.
The glycated levels of charge variants were determined by boronate affinity chromatography (BAC) (Wei et al. 2017). The samples were analyzed on an Agilent 1260 HPLC system using a TSK-Gel boronate-5PW column, 7.5 mm × 75 mm (TOSOH, Yamaguchi, Japan). The affinity-based separation was performed at room temperature with the flow rate at 1.0 mL/min. The mobile phases A was 100 mM HEPES, 25 mM Tris, 200 mM NaCl, at pH 8.6; and mobile phases B was added 500 mM sorbitol based on mobile phase A. After sample injection, the non-glycated antibodies flowed through the column in mobile phase A, and then the glycated antibodies were eluted from the resin in mobile phase B. The UV detector was set at 280 nm with an 8-nm bandwidth. The glycation level was expressed as the relative percentage of peak areas.
Fed-batch cultures in tubular spin were carried out for 14 days with 40 mM uridine added to feed medium, while the control cultures were performed without uridine added. Feed medium was fed into culture fluid daily at 1.2% (v/v) from day 1, respectively, while the total uridine feed concentration was 6 mM. The effect of uridine on cell growth and mAb production are summarized in Fig. 1 and Table 1. Figure 1a showed viable cell density (VCD) with culture time, and Fig. 1b represented the cell viability in two different culture processes. Uridine had significant beneficial effects on cell growth and maintaining. By feeding uridine at a total concentration of 6 mM, the process peak cell density can reach 15.9 × 106 cells/mL, representing a 31% increase compared with that of the control culture (12.1 × 106 cells/mL). Cells in control culture declined rapidly since day 10, causing the viability at day 14 dropped to 7% and IVCC was 98.98 × 109 cells day/L. When feeding uridine, cell maintenance was significantly improved. Cell viability remained high (> 80%) during 14 days, leading IVCC improved by 50%. Uridine's positive effects on cell growth and maintenance led to a much higher final titer (3.69 g/L) compared with control culture (2.25 g/L). QmAb also had a slight increase but is not significant.
As shown in Fig. 2a, great differences in acidic and basic charge variants were observed during culture process. In both cultures, acidic variants increased gradually with time extended. There was no significant difference at day 6 and day 8, but the acidic variants grown rapidly from day 10 and reached 28.9% at day 14 in control cultures. In uridine added culture, the increasing trend was quite declined so that acidic variant level maintained at a much lower level, which was 20.0% at day 14. The results indicated that feeding uridine has inhibitory effect on the generation of acidic variants.
The trend of basic variants was not consistent in two culture process (Fig. 2b). In control cultures, basic variants gradually decreased from day 8 and dropped to 22.6% day 14. However, basic variants contents in uridine added cultures was 28.7% at day 14, which almost remained unchanged from day 8. The different trend made basic variants in uridine added cultures increased significantly (p < 0.01).
Main species is the major peak shown on CEX chromatogram, which is generally determined by the contents of acidic variants and basic variants of the mAb. As uridine's inhibitory effect on acidic variants and promotion effect on basic variants, main species content had a slight increase (2.7%) by uridine feeding. Figure 2d showed the CEX chromatograph of mAbs produced by two fed-batch cultures on day 14.
Charge heterogeneity of mAb was caused by various PTMs and degradation happened in cell culture process. We have known that uridine made acidic variants decreased and basic variants increased. In this part, we did further investigations on mAb's glycosylation, aggregation and glycation levels to discuss the reason why uridine made acidic variants decreased, and in next part we discussed uridine's effects on basic variants from the perspective of lysine variants.
Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of monoclonal antibody, which plays a crucial role on pharmacokinetics, thermal stability, immunogenicity, and biological activity of drugs. Sialic acid is an acidic monosaccharide derivative that constitutes the end of sugar chain, which will cause the formation of acidic charge variants. It has also been reported that galactosylation change of mAb may lead to acidic charge variants, although the reason was not clear (Yan et al. 2009; Yang et al. 2014). The glycosylation was detected to consider its influence on charge variants. Figure 3 shows the contents of glycoforms under two fed-batch cultures at day 14. G0, G0F, and G1F were three major glycoforms of mAbs. The difference was mainly reflected on the G0F and Man5 glycoforms. The G0F content in control culture was 59.7%, while the G0F content in uridine added culture decreased to 52.3%. Man5 content was 8.5% in uridine added culture, which increased about 70% compared with control culture. Galactosylation and Fucosylation levels can be calculated. Fucosylation level decreased from 78.4 to 69.3% by feeding uridine (Table 2). Galactose and fucose are neutral sugars, so they could not change net charge directly, but their influence on mAb's structure may change mAb's surface charge. The content of sialic acid was too low (< 1%), so not discussed here.
Aggregate is a kind of protein polymer formed by covalent bond or intermolecular force among antibody molecular. Aggregation happened in cell culture process may influence charge heterogeneity by changing antibody's surface charge characteristics. Therefore, the levels of aggregate in the antibody were detected by size exclusion chromatography. Aggregate level in uridine added culture was lower than that in control culture (Fig. 4a). Uridine reduced aggregates by 48% at day 14. Aggregates' effect on charge variants is specific due to the different amino acid sequence and secondary structure of various antibody molecules. Some research found that aggregates in basic variants were more than that in acidic variants (Gandhi et al. 2012; Khawli et al. 2010; Zhang et al. 2011). However, our previous studies showed that acidic variants contained more aggregates than basic variants (3.6% vs 0.3%), which indicated that aggregates may relate with the formation of acidic charge variants in this cell line. Therefore, the reduction of aggregates may be one of the reasons why uridine made acidic variants inhibited.
Glycation of antibody is a kind of non-enzymatic reaction happened in the presence of reduced sugars. Glycation reaction will neutralize the positive charge on antibody surface, resulting in the generation of acidic variants. As can be seen from Fig. 4b, during fed-batch culture process, glycated level increased gradually. At day 14, the glycated level was 25.0% and 19.3% in control culture and uridine added culture. Therefore, reduction of aggregates contents and glycated level attributed to the decreasing of acidic variants when feeding uridine.
Lysine variation is a kind of basic variants caused by incomplete cleavage of C-terminal lysine residues, which can be cleaved by carboxypeptidases in vivo and vitro. Lysine variation was further investigated to determine the sources of basic variants. As can be seen in Fig. 5a, lysine variant contents in uridine added culture were about 50% of those in control culture from day 8 to day 14, indicating that enzyme digestion of C-terminal lysine residue was more effective in uridine added culture. This result is not consistent with the higher basic variants contents caused by uridine, suggesting that higher basic variants in uridine added culture mainly came from other modifications.
Figure 5b showed that other basic variants maintained at a high level in uridine added culture, which reached 25.2% at day 14. However, in control culture, other basic variants contents gradually decreased since day 6, and dropped to 11.8% at day 14, which was significantly lower than those in uridine added culture (p < 0.01). The contents of other basic variants are of great importance in monoclonal production practice in which lysine residues can be removed in purification steps. From this perspective, uridine's negative impacts on basic variants were more considerable for fed-batch culture process development. Other basic variants may caused by proline amidation, which is a further modification followed by lysine cleavage. As C-terminus of the heavy chain usually ends with the –P–G–K (proline–glycine–lysine) sequence, the exposed glycine would be further removed and proline would be amidated after the cleavage of lysine, resulting in the generation of basic variants. Therefore, other basic variants increased as lysine variants decreased may due to proline amidation, and the further characterization work by peptide map is ongoing.
The study we performed was in fed-batch culture process, and uridine was added into cell culture fluid daily since day 1 at a total concentration of 6 mM. To fully understand uridine's effects on mAb's charge heterogeneity, we did further studies to investigate uridine's feed concentration and feed time (Additional files 1, 2). We found that uridine's effects on cell growth and mAb's charge variants were related with feed concentration (feed daily since day 1). At 0.6 mM feed concentration, mAb's acidic species decreased from 28.9 to 22.7%, while basic species increased from 22.6 to 23.3% compared with control condition (Fig. S2 in Additional file 3), which indicated that uridine's effects was weakened under this concentration. What's more, uridine's promotion effect on cell growth was declined obviously (Additional file 4).
Then we feed uridine from day 1 to day 6, and from day 7 to day 12 at the same total concentration (6 mM). The results showed that feed time would also influence uridine's effects. Feeding uridine in late phase was more beneficial on charge heterogeneity, which made basic species better controlled (Fig. S4 in Additional file 5). In conclusion, uridine's effects on cell growth and charge variants were related with its feed strategy, and these findings can provide more choices for process optimization.
Our study found uridine's effects on charge variants for the first time. Uridine was beneficial to the maintenance of cell viability, which made IVCC increased by 50%, and the final titer improved by 64%, but the charge variants distribution was quite changed. When adding uridine in feed medium, acidic variants decreased from 28.9 to 20.0%, while the basic increased from 22.6 to 28.7% at day 14. By further investigation, we found that uridine decreased the level of aggregates and glycation forms, which might be the main cause for the increased basic variant level. Uridine decreased the lysine variants, suggesting that higher basic variant level was caused by other basic variants. Although uridine led to the increase of basic variants, its beneficial effects on cell growth and acidic variants should be well considered in up-stream process developments. Uridine's adding concentration can be further optimized combined with specific process requirements.
HN performed the research experiments and wrote the manuscript. JW helped in the experiments and manuscript writing. ML and MC helped in the experiments. XL, LZ and WST guided both authors during the experiments and manuscript preparation. LF promoted this manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This work was supported by The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST).
The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included in the main manuscript. The authors promise to provide any missing data on request.
40643_2018_228_MOESM1_ESM.docx Additional file 1: Table S1. Effect of uridine's feed concentration on cell growth and mAb production. Table S2. Effect of uridine's feed time on cell growth and mAb production.
40643_2018_228_MOESM2_ESM.tif Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Effects of uridine's feed concentration on cell growth and cell viability. a Viable cell density; b cell viability. Blank diamond control cultures; Blank circle 0.6 mM uridine fed; Blank triangle 6 mM uridine fed; Blank square 30mM uridine fed. The error bars indicate the standard deviations from three independent experiments.
40643_2018_228_MOESM3_ESM.tif Additional file 3: Fig. S2. Effects of uridine's feed concentration on mAb charge variation distribution at day 14. a Acidic variant level; b basic variant level; c main variant level. The error bars indicate the standard deviations from three independent experiments.
40643_2018_228_MOESM4_ESM.tif Additional file 4: Fig. S3. Effects of uridine's feed time on cell growth and cell viability. a Viable cell density; b cell viability. Blank diamond control cultures; Blank triangle feed from day 1 to day 13; Blank square 6 feed from day 1 to day 6; Blank circle feed from day 7 to day 12. The total feed concentrations were 6 mM. The error bars indicate the standard deviations from three independent experiments.
40643_2018_228_MOESM5_ESM.tif Additional file 5: Fig. S4. Effects of uridine's feed time on mAb charge variation distribution at day 14. The error bars indicate the standard deviations from three independent experiments.


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Bass Generation is the fourth studio album by Swedish musician Basshunter. It was first released on 28 September 2009, a week after the album's lead single "Every Morning". The album reached No. 2 in New Zealand and No. 7 in South Africa.

Background
In early 2009, Basshunter started the process of recording the album. A comment was posted on his official website in April that he was "back in the studio to do some work on the new album." On 1 July 2009, it was announced that Basshunter would be releasing a brand new single titled "Every Morning" on 21 September with the new album, Bass Generation, being released one week later on 28 September. On 1 September 2009, the official album artwork and track listing was posted on Hard2Beat.com. On 15 September, it was revealed on Basshunter's official Bebo profile that the album would also be released as a two-disc set.

He received a lot of requests to create new "Tetris" song so he recorded "Plane to Spain" which is one of his favourite songs from album. At first he thought of making it instrumental, but it wouldn't be that salable.

Release
In early September 2009, before the album was released the song "Numbers" was released to the public as a free download via Basshunter's official Bebo profile. The album release date was eventually moved up a week for unknown reasons to 28 September 2009, along with the single "Every Morning", which was released on 21 September 2009.

Promotion
To promote the album, the Basshunter Album Artwork Competition was set up on 10 August 2009, in which fans could design and upload their own cover art for the "Bass Generation" album to Basshunters Bebo profile. The winners artwork would be signed, framed and presented to them by Basshunter at the Bass Generation tour. The winning entry was revealed on 11 September 2009.

Bass Generation Tour
Basshunter also set out on the Bass Generation Tour in October 2009 in support of the album. The 10 date UK tour was announced on 1 July 2009. Tickets went on sale 3 July 2009.

Tour dates

 Source:

Singles
 "Every Morning", was the first single released from the album. It was released on 21 September 2009. The song was first performed at the UK Dance Nation Tour in April 2009. The first radio play of the track was on the BBC Radio 1 Switch program on 19 July 2009. The song is about a former girlfriend of Basshunter's. It has so far reached the top 20 in the UK and New Zealand. Its accompanying music video was filmed on location in Majorca. It premiered on 12 August 2009.
 Before the album release, "Numbers" was confirmed to be the second single. But in November it was changed. "I Promised Myself", is the second single released from the album. The single was released on 30 November, the music video has already been released.
 According to a commercial from Hard2Beat, "Why" was set to be the third single. In April 2010 "Day & Night" was added to radio stations across the UK. In May 2010 it was announced that there will not be a third single from Bass Generation and a new song, which was named "Saturday" was released in July.

Reception

Editor from Arbetarbladet said that "Every Morning" has wonderful lyrics and is unfortunately among the better on the album.

Track listing

Notes
"Numbers" is not included on digital versions.

Charts

Weekly charts

Certifications

Release history

References

External links

2009 albums
Basshunter albums
Ultra Records albums
Warner Music Sweden albums


So I began my personal 2016 Sweater Challenge this past January (see earlier post this year). I'll admit it has been slow going, not because of difficulties with the project but just making time to work on it.
May has begun and I'm almost there! I'm still totally in love with the yarn and can't wait to see the finished product. Below is a picture of where I was in January compared to now – there are just 2 more inches of length in stockinette stitch before I can add the ribbing, then we're off to blocking and the sewing together.
Now I don't have a lot of experience with that "B" word … "blocking". This will be my first attempt at blocking a silk wool blend. After all the hard work, I really don't want to mess up my pretty shrug. If anyone has any tips that may help, please share!!! Thanks so much!


text:
Andrea Danti - Fotolia
Chapter excerpt: Master the Linux boot procedure in RHEL 7
GRUB 2 and systemd are two new additions to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Use this chapter excerpt to overcome common challenges when using these features during the boot procedure.
Erica Mixon and Sander van Vugt
The Red Hat Enterprise Linux landscape constantly changes, and version 7 of the platform offers additional features that can create new challenges for administrators.
Fortunately, certifications such as Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) and Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) ensure that admins are able to adapt and familiarize themselves with every new adjustment in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) platform.
In Red Hat RHCSA/RHCE 7 Cert Guide: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (EX200 and EX300), a recent book by Sander van Vugt, a technology consultant and TechTarget contributor, admins learn concepts to prepare for both certification exams, including two of the biggest changes with the RHEL 7 -- GRUB 2 and systemd. Both features play a role in the Linux boot procedure.
Understanding systemd
Systemd is a major change between RHEL 6 and RHEL 7. It has taken over really everything that's happening with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Systemd is RHEL 7's new service manager that takes care of a variety of tasks. For example, it can start services, start jobs under specific conditions at specific times, initialize hardware and mount file systems, among other capabilities.
"Systemd is a major change between RHEL 6 and RHEL 7," van Vugt said. "It has taken over really everything that's happening with Red Hat Enterprise Linux."
The major benefit of systemd during the Linux boot procedure is that it provides a uniform management interface to start what's called units -- which can be services, sockets, mounts, devices or other components, according to van Vugt. But it also presents challenges, such as the risk of becoming overwhelmed with options to configure unit files. To understand systemd, you'll also need to master the concepts of target units and wants.
The role of GRUB 2 in the Linux boot procedure
While admins generally deal with systemd on a daily basis, GRUB 2 is only involved in the reboot process -- which can be about every two years for some Linux servers. However, this doesn't lessen the importance of understanding GRUB 2. If you don't fully understand GRUB 2, you can run the risk of causing severe damage to the system.
"As long as the boot procedure is done well, then everything is fine," van Vugt said. "But when a server starts and something doesn't go right and the boot procedure gets stuck, it requires some good insight."
Sometimes, admins will need to alter GRUB 2's configuration. In this case, van Vugt suggests the following process in Chapter 18: Managing and Understanding the Boot Procedure:
Normally, GRUB 2 works just fine and does not need much maintenance. In some cases, though, you might have to change its configuration. To apply changes to the GRUB 2 configuration, the starting point is the /etc/default/grub file. In this file, you'll find options that tell GRUB what to do and how to do it.
Apart from the configuration in /etc/default/grub, there are a few configuration files in /etc/grub.d. In these files, you'll find rather complicated shell code that tells GRUB what to load and how to load it. You typically do not have to modify it. You also will not need to modify anything if you want to make it possible to select from different kernels while booting. GRUB 2 picks up new kernels automatically and adds them to the boot menu automatically, so nothing has to be added manually.
To further explore the role of systemd and GRUB 2 in the Linux boot procedure, go to page 60 of this PDF to read Chapter 18 in its entirety.
Editor's note: The excerpt included above is from Red Hat RHCSA/RHCE 7 Cert Guide: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (EX200 and EX300), authored by Sander van Vugt, published by PearsonITCertification, Sept. 2015.
Explore Linux I/O scheduler options
How to use SUSE Snapper
Discover new RHEL 7.3 features
This was last published in February 2017
Erica Mixon and Sander van Vugt asks:
What challenges have you faced with systemd or GRUB 2 in RHEL 7?
Linux boot options in RHEL, SLES help ailing servers – SearchDataCenter
It's an easy fix to clean up a GRUB error on your ... – SearchDataCenter
Streamline Linux system management with these five ... – SearchDataCenter
Erica Mixon and Sander van Vugt - 13 Feb 2017 11:54 AM


text:
Send Flowers for Mr. Nathaniel
Mr. Nathaniel Morris
August 16, 1955 ~ December 8, 2019 (age 64)
"And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away." ~ Revelation 21:4
On Sunday, December 8, 2019, Brother Nathaniel Morris answered the roll call of that voice saying, "Well done, thou good and faithful servant." Mr. Nathaniel Morris was born to the late E.C. Morris, Sr., and Evelyn Morris on August 16, 1955, in Monroe, Louisiana. He knew he needed Christ in his life, so he confessed at a young age, while attending St. Paul Missionary Baptist Church, and later joined China Grove, under the leadership of Pastor Kemp Burley, where he worshipped until his demise. Nathaniel Morris attended the East Carroll Parish Public School System, where he met Catherine Whitty Morris. In 1975, they were blessed with a beautiful baby boy, Nathaniel L. Morris, who preceded them in death. Later, they united in holy matrimony on June 12, 1977, and remained together until his demise. Nathaniel Morris was a very hard-working man and wasn't afraid of getting his hands dirty. He worked for the Town of Lake Providence, Louisiana, for 34 years, and later moved on to work for East Carroll Parish (Barn) until his health failed. He is preceded in death by a loving wife, Catherine Whitty Morris; a son, Nathaniel L. Morris; two sisters, Virgie Morris Buchanan and Christine Jones Spriggs; three aunties, Ethel Sidney Green, Rosie B. Winston, and Alberta Wolf; and three uncles, David (P. Joe) James, and Jimmie and Willie Banks. He leaves to cherish his memories: a brother, E.C. (Clavell) Morris, Jr., of Emeryville, CA; five children, Joseph (LaKenya) Morris Sr. (Deneka) of Lake Providence, LA, St. Clair Morris (Antionette) of Arlington, TX, Evelyn Morris (Billy) of Lake Providence, LA, Cassie Morris (Shaquille) of Shreveport, LA, and Melaine Morris; four special grandchildren, Joseph Morris Jr. (Jahreal) of Bastrop, LA, they raised as their own, Xerion Morris of Shreveport, LA, and Monyatta and Gerrilyn Morris of Lake Providence, LA; seventeen other grandchildren; three great-grandchildren; one auntie, Mary James of Lake Providence, LA; a special niece, Lillie Morris Jefferson of Lake Providence, LA; and a host of nieces, nephews, cousins, friends, and loved ones.
To send flowers to Mr. Nathaniel Morris' family, please visit our floral section.
China Grove Missionary Baptist Church
401 White Rd.
Lake Providence, LA. 71254
Heavenly Rest Cemetery
Lake Providence La.
Lake Providence, LA 71254


text:
Други османско-мамелучки рат вођен је у периоду од 1516. до 1517. године између Османског царства и Мамелучког султаната. Завршен је османским освајањем мамелучке државе на чијој територији је формиран Египатски ејалет.

Увод
Односи Египта и Турске погоршали су се доласком на власт египатског султана Кошкадама. Сукоби су избили око кнежевине Караман. Султани су подржавали различите кандидате. Сукоби су настављени током владавине Каит Беја. Брат Бајазита II отрован је приликом посете Египту. Бајазит опседа Адану и Тарс, али је вероватно одбијен. Каит Беј је покушао помоћи муслиманима у Сирији. Међутим, његова помоћ није дала резултате. Умро је 1496. године остављајући државу у великим дуговима код млетачких трговаца. Нови рат избио је 1515. године. Египатски султан оптужен је за пружање помоћи персијском сафавидском шаху Исмаилу I који се побунио против турске власти.

Рат

Током рата је вођено неколико битака. Мамелучка војска имала је елитне коњанике наоружане луковима и стрелама. Османска елитна војска, поготово јаничари, била је модернија од египатске. Користили су и аркебузе. Мамелуци су остали верни и поносни на своју традицију те нису користили ватрено оружје. Османлије најпре освајају Дијарбакир у југоисточној Анадолији. Одлучујућа битка вођена је код Марџ Дабика. Мамелучки владар Кансух ел Гури убијен је у бици. Иако је била бројчано слабија, турска војска однела је победу у бици. Сирија је након битке код Марџ Дабика пала у руке Османлија. Следећа битка вођена је код Кан Јуниса у близини Газе. Мамелуци су поново поражени. Турска војска прелази у Африку. Нови султан Туман Беј II је регрутовао војнике из различитих друштвених класа у циљу одбране од Турака. Покушао је да војску опреми модернијим оружјем и топовима. Коначно, испред Каира је 24. јануара 1517. године вођена битка код Риданије. У бици су се суочили владари обе државе, турски султан Селим и мамелучки султан Туман Беј. Турци су извели напад од позади изненадивши мамелучку војску која није успела да искористи ватрено оружје. Туман Беј је заробљен и обешен на капијама Каира.

Неколико дана касније у Каиро улазе Турци. Мека и Медина, свети исламски градови, такође су се нашли у саставу Османског царства. Освојивши мамелучку државу Турци су овладали областима око Црвеног мора иако нису успели да освоје Јемен и друге мање територије.

Последице
Мамелучки султанат престао је да постоји. Османлије формирају Египатски ејалет који је био њихова најјужнија територија. Освајањем Египта у турским рукама нашао се важан поморски пут за Индију. Пад Египта задао је смртан ударац португалској трговини. Европски трговци сада су преузимали робу из Бурсе, Алепа, Каира и Цариграда. Преко Египта је вођена и трговина са Африком. Житарице, шећер, зачини и сапун из Азије, а злато и црни робови из Африке, били су основни производи који су ишли преко Египта у Европу. У наредним вековима Османлије ће предузимати походе ка западу. Мамелуци су, међутим, остали присутни у Египту све до почетка 19. века. Коначан удараз задаће им Мухамед Али.

Види још
 Историја Египта
 Османско-мамелучки рат (1485-1491)
 Бурџи династија

Извори
 Војна енциклопедија, том 5, Београд 1971. година, друго издање. pp. 251/2

Историја Египта у новом веку
Османска освајања


Are you tired of looking all around for the perfect Clowns vendors? The beautiful state of Tennessee has many choices. Even if you are looking in smaller cities such as Chattanooga, Clarksville, Cookeville, Dickson - Fairview, Greeneville, Johnson City - Kingsport, La Follette, McMinnville, Memphis, Shelbyville - Tullahoma, we are confident that we can help you find the perfect vendors for your party type.
Did you know that Clowns is often searched by other keywords? See the list below: gagster, wisecracker, funnyman, humorist, jokesmith, comedian, jokester, clowns, merrymaker, mime, gagman, buffoon, jester.


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Home Education Support Organizations
Drug addiction support groups can hugely benefit both individuals in rehab as well as people transitioning back into their lives after treatment. Support groups help both newly recovering individuals and those in long-term recovery, alike, providing the support and guidance needed to maintain their sobriety.
At drug addiction support groups, addicts at all stages of recovery get together to discuss their experiences, coping strategies and personal sources of hope. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) promotes mutual support groups as essential components of the recovery process. Based on clinical research, the USDHHS reports that active participation in a support group can significantly increase your chances of staying clean. Support groups exist to help addicts get the information and assistance they need to maintain physical health and emotional wellness.
*The Importance of Support Groups After Treatment
Research published in the journal Substance Use & Misuse notes that self-help groups play a critical role in maintaining long-term sobriety. In the Pathways Project, a study of former drug users, study leader Alexandre B. Laudet, Ph.D. found that:
The average drug addiction treatment program in the US lasts only three months.
The majority of treatment programs do not offer "step-down" recovery support after discharge.
In a group of addicts who remained clean for three years, continuous participation in a 12-step support group was the one factor that the participants had in common.
Fifteen percent of participants in the Pathways Project cited social support as a key factor in maintaining sobriety.
Types of Support Groups
In many treatment programs, participation in group therapy starts from the very beginning. In the early stages of recovery, you'll meet with other recovering substance users at an outpatient treatment center or at an inpatient rehab facility. After you're discharged from a treatment program, you can continue to make support groups part of your life by attending meetings in the community. Many former addicts participate in one or more support groups throughout their lives to prevent relapse and continue to grow in recovery. Both spiritually based and secular programs are available in most communities to help addicts get clean and reach their full potential.
Many groups offer both closed and open meetings. Closed meetings are accessible only to people who have a desire to stop using drugs or alcohol. Open meetings are accessible to friends, family members and the general public.
Support groups also provide a lifeline for the partners, spouses, children and friends of chemically dependent people. Chemical dependence can have devastating effects on the lives of those who care about you. Self-help groups can offer strength, understanding and coping skills to those who've been harmed by a loved one's addiction.
Twelve-step groups like Narcotics Anonymous (NA), Cocaine Anonymous (CA), Chemically Dependent Anonymous (CDA) and Crystal Meth Anonymous (CMA) are based on a series of 12 steps that help you advance in your emotional and spiritual development. All 12-step groups are founded on the original principles established by Alcoholics Anonymous. Although the program has evolved since the early days, many of its core elements remain the same, according to the USDHHS:
Addicts are encouraged to assume responsibility for their own recovery.
Participants rely on support from a higher power of their choosing.
Participants attend group meetings, at which they share their personal experiences in order to give others strength and hope.
Each member is encouraged to work the 12 steps with a sponsor who has already completed the steps.
As part of the growth process, recovering addicts provide service to the community and help newcomers who are seeking treatment.
There is no cost for participation, and 12-step groups are committed to remaining non-profit.
Twelve-step support groups are available throughout the world. Membership is free, although many participants make small donations of $1 to $2 at each meeting to cover the costs of room rental and coffee. But for some people, the program's focus on alcoholism as a physical and spiritual disease is a serious drawback.
SMART Recovery's 4-point program has been applied to a wide range of addictions, from drug addiction to alcoholism to gambling. Face-to-face meetings take place worldwide, and online support groups and message boards are also available. SMART Recovery views chemical dependence as a learned behavior that can be modified through four basic cognitive tools, or points:
Learning to build and maintain personal motivation
Coping with urges to seek or use the substance in question
Managing thoughts, feelings and behaviors that may contribute to chemical dependence
Learning how to lead a balanced life
SMART recovery is a self-empowering support program that teaches its participants how to deal with addiction to any substance. There is no charge to attend SMART Recovery meetings, and many free courses and tools are available online.
Secular Organization for Sobriety/Save Our Selves (SOS)
SOS offers a secular alternative for addicts and alcoholics who want to separate their recovery from any spiritual or religious source. The guiding principles of SOS are based on the belief that recovery from addiction is the individual's responsibility and that sobriety must be the number one priority in a recovering addict's life. Other top priorities of SOS members include:
Communicating feelings, experience and knowledge clearly and honestly
Choosing non-destructive, rational approaches to leading sober, healthy lives
Maintaining the anonymity of members and keeping the content of meetings private
Remaining open to a variety of theories about the nature of chemical dependence
SOS meetings are autonomous, meaning that these support groups do not follow a standardized format. Meetings are available in every state and in several countries. SOS membership is free. This non-profit group is sponsored by the Council for Secular Humanism.
Finding a Good Support Group
Finding a self-help program that meets your needs can be challenging. In the early stages of your recovery, you might be resistant to the idea of self-help support groups. Some recovering addicts are reluctant to share their feelings and experiences in an open forum. Others are concerned about maintaining their anonymity. For many addicts and alcoholics, finding a program that fits their personal ideology is the biggest hurdle. Ask yourself the following questions as you're searching for the right group:
Are there meetings in my community? Twelve-step meetings are available in many US communities and throughout the world. Some of the less prominent groups may not be as widely available. Ask your addiction treatment counselor or doctor for a list of support groups in your area. Help with transportation to group meetings may also be available.
Are meetings held frequently and in different formats? The National Institute on Drug Abuse lists accessibility as one of the principles of effective addiction treatment. If you can't find a face-to-face meeting when you need one, you should have the option to join a support group online or to talk with a representative of the program on the phone.
Do the principles of the group reflect my personal beliefs? Self-help programs hold different beliefs on the causes of addiction and the most effective methods of recovery. Twelve-step groups hold the belief that addiction is a progressive disease of the body and spirit, and that recovery must be both physical and spiritual. Secular groups like SMART Recovery believe that addiction is a learned behavior that can be changed by modifying your thoughts, feelings and behaviors outside of a religious context.
Does the program protect its members' anonymity? Anonymity is a big concern for recovering addicts and alcoholics. People with chemical dependencies come from all walks of life, and many of them have jobs, families and public identities that they want to protect. Anonymity is one of the underlying principles of 12-step programs and groups like SOS.
Is there a fee for membership in the group? Membership in the major non-profit self-help programs is free. Donations may be requested, but most programs have no fees or dues.
*Finding Support in Rural Communities
In major urban areas, self-help group meetings are available throughout the day and late into the night. Buses, subways and trains offer transportation to those who can't or don't drive. But what do you do if you need help in a remote rural community and you don't have a car? In a report on rural drug abuse, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) profiles an innovative program in Iowa that provides support to recovering drug users in their rural homes. Here are a few other suggestions for those who live in isolated areas:
Contact a national hotline for drug and alcohol rehabilitation, like the National Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Information Center.
Look for online meetings offered by programs like Narcotics Anonymous and SMART Recovery.
Call the national number of Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous to ask them about how you can connect with someone in your area.
Talk with your pastor, family doctor, a teacher, a social worker or someone else you trust about how you can get help. In many rural communities, social services organizations provide access to treatment resources.
Call an addiction helpline to get answers to your questions and connection to the help you need.
How Do I Know I'm in the Right Place?
Ask yourself whether the group feels comfortable to you. Do you feel motivated, inspired and informed when you leave a meeting? Are the group members welcoming and supportive without being overbearing? If you feel pressured to adopt a belief system that doesn't resonate with your own values, the program probably isn't right for you. If you have the opportunity, try more than one group or meeting to get the help you need to lead the life you want.
Codependents Anonymous
Heroin Anonymous
LifeRing Secular Recovery
Marijuana Anonymous
Nicotine Anonymous
Pagans in Recovery
Pills Anonymous
Secular Organizations for Sobriety
Support From Local Church
Facts Speak Louder Than Words
Excel Treatment Center
58 North Sussex Street
Banyan Treatment Center - Wilmington
66K Concord Street
Wilmington, Massachusetts 01887
15721 N Greenway Hayden Loop
How to Choose an Alcohol Rehab
Drug Rehabilitation Centers and Information