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Bishop McElroy: US Catholic Church should serve as 'proud collaborators' with pro-abortion Biden
The San Diego bishop said it would be 'counterproductive' for the U.S. bishops to have a 'more confrontational stance' toward Biden.
Fri Nov 27, 2020 - 6:46 pm EST
Bishop Robert McElroy of San Diego Wikimedia Commons
By Charles Robertson
November 27, 2020 (LifeSiteNews) – Bishop Robert McElroy of San Diego recently told the dissident National Catholic Reporter that while "some voices" are urging the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) "toward a more confrontational stance toward (Joe) Biden and the new administration," he considers that to be "contrary to the tradition of our conference" and ultimately "counterproductive."
Instead, McElroy hopes that Catholics will be "proud collaborators" with the pro-abortion politician, particularly on addressing issues of "racial justice and division which have been so exacerbated in the last four years" and responding to the coronavirus pandemic.
McElroy delivered his comments to the Reporter after Archbishop Jose Gomez's unexpected announcement that the USCCB will form a working group to examine the "additional problems" arising from Biden's support of abortion rights despite his professed Catholicism. According to Gomez, the president of the USCCB, this "creates confusion among the faithful about what the Church actually teaches on these questions."
The San Diego bishop, who is on record saying "It is not Catholic teaching that abortion is the preeminent issue that we face as the world in Catholic social teaching," told the Reporter that the bishops' conference "should engage and mobilize with great strength and power" on abortion-related questions but insisted that the "tenor and the framework that the conference undertakes at this moment" should emphasize "the importance of dialogue, encounter, and mutual respect."
Bishop Mark Seitz of El Paso, Texas, who shares McElroy's opposition to "single-issue voting," echoed this commitment to maintain a pleasant demeanor in dealings with a radically pro-abortion administration, saying, "It's always been the posture of the church that we will speak with our political leaders in a polite, mutually respectful manner."
Both bishops emphasized that a Biden administration would advance their aims on immigration. "In San Diego, we have 200,000 undocumented men, women and children," McElroy said. "We need to legalize these families that have been living in the shadows for 10, 15, 20 years."
Seitz said Catholics and a potential Biden administration "can work better by our collaboration than by being apart" on immigration issues, saying, "A nation isn't built upon people who share a common heritage, but it's built upon a common desire to work together for respect, justice, and peace."
On Tuesday, Biden reiterated his commitment to "send an immigration bill to the United States Senate with a pathway to citizenship for over 11 million undocumented people in America," reverse President Donald Trump's executive orders that have "eviscerated" the Environmental Protection Agency, and provide "immediate assistance" to states and local governments impacted by the pandemic within his first 100 days in office.
'There is no nuance': Bishops spar over endorsement of pro-abortion Joe Biden
Professor compares bishop's rejection of 'pre-eminence' of abortion to complicity in Nazi atrocities
US bishop says 'climate change' more deadly than abortion: threatens 'very future of humanity'
US bishops concerned about pro-abortion Biden, previously hailed him as second Catholic president
Bishop who knelt for BLM says Catholics can't be single issue pro-life voters
abortion, catholic, diocese of san diego, immigration, joe biden, jose gomez, mark seitz, national catholic reporter, robert mcelroy, u.s. conference of catholic bishops, undocumented immigrants
Bishop McElroy: US Catholic Church should serve as 'proud… Bishop McElroy: US Catholic Church should serve as 'proud collaborators' with pro-abortion Biden News By Charles Robertson


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Tika Khan
Designation: Faculty
Email: tika.khan@kiu.edu.pk
Status: tika.khan@kiu.edu.pk
PhD Karakoram International University
M.Phil Quaid-i-Azam University
M.Sc. University of Peshawar
B.Ed. Karakoram International University
B.Sc. University of Punjab
C.I.M. Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution (CEDR), London, United Kingdom
C.I.T.E. Aga Khan University, Pakistan-bridge program-Canada
C.I.E. Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
C.I.P.R Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Lecturer Karakoram International University
Lecturer Federal Government Degree College for Boys, Aliabad-Hunza
Consultant on Resource Mobilization and Impact Studies Karakorum Development Organization-KADO
Consultant AESWSH-Association of Educational and Social Welfare Societies Hunza
Consultant Aga Khan Economic Planning Board for Hunza (AKEPB) and Aga Khan Social Welfare Board for Hunza (AKSWB)
Resource person Aga Khan Education Service, Pakistan (AKESP)
Professional Mediator Aga Khan Conciliation and Arbitration Board for Pakistan
Resource Person Karakoram Development Organization
Consultant Women Empowerment Initiative
DNA and Protein profiling (molecular genetics), ethnobotany, conservation biology, developmental studies, civil society studies, youth development and cultural studies
Determination of effectiveness of berberine, a characteristic phytochemical of Berberis species, against human proteome using in-silico analysis. , 3.	Tika Khan, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Abdul Rehman, Zohra Bibi. (2014). Determination of effectiveness of berberine, a characteristic phytochemical of Berberis species, against human proteome using in-silico analysis. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 4(5), 53-63.
Elaboration of phylogenetic studies in Berberis spp. from Karakoram Ranges. I. morpho-pathological data., 4.	Tika Khan, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Nisar Ahmed, Khalil Ahmed, Shoukat Ali, Abdul Rehman, Haibat Ali, Istiaq Hussain, Karamat Ali, Syed Arif Hussain, Maqsood Hussain. (2014). Elaboration of phylogenetic studies in Berberis spp. from Karakoram Ranges. I. morpho-pathological data. International Journal of Biosciences 4(11), 285-293. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12692 /ijb/4.11.285-293
Studies on Epigenetic behavior of wild life in high mountains with special reference to Zoopharmacognostic properties of Berberis species. , 6.	Tika Khan, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Abdul Rehman. (2014). Studies on Epigenetic behavior of wild life in high mountains with special reference to Zoopharmacognostic properties of Berberis species. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 4(5), 53-63.
Biomonitoring of heavy metals availability in the marine environment of Karachi, Pakistan, using oysters (Crassostrea sp)., 7.	Shaukat Ali, Farida Begum, Syed Arif Hussain, Ahmed Saeed Khan, Haibat Ali, Tika Khan, Ghulam Raza, Karamat Ali, Rehmat Karim. (2014). Biomonitoring of heavy metals availability in the marine environment of Karachi, Pakistan, using oysters (Crassostrea sp). International Journal of Biosciences 4(7), 249-257. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/4.7.249-257
Ethnobotanical studies on non-medicinal plants of Shinaki Valley Hunza, Gilgit-Baltistan. , 8.	Tika Khan, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Abdul Rehman, Haibat Ali. (2013). Ethnobotanical studies on non-medicinal plants of Shinaki Valley Hunza, Gilgit-Baltistan. International Journal of Biosciences 3(11), 63-70. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/3.11.63-70
Exploration of near-extinct folk wisdom on medicinally important plants from Shinaki Valley Hunza, Pakistan., 9.	Tika Khan, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Abdul Rehman, Jan Alam, Shamsher Ali. (2013). Exploration of near-extinct folk wisdom on medicinally important plants from Shinaki Valley Hunza, Pakistan. International Journal of Biosciences 3(10), 180-186. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/3.10.180-186
Growth responses of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. sinensis towards different agro-climatic conditions. , 10.	Tika Khan, Shamsher Ali, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Jan Alam. (2013). Growth responses of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. sinensis towards different agro-climatic conditions. International Journal of Biosciences 3(9), 293-297. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/3.9.293-297
Differential levels of susceptibility of Berberis species to insect attack at various altitudes in Karakoram Ranges., 11.	Tika Khan, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Khalil Ahmed, Abdul Rehman. (2014). Differential levels of susceptibility of Berberis species to insect attack at various altitudes in Karakoram Ranges. International Journal of Biosciences 4(5), 92-101. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/4.5.92-101
Studies on zoopharmacological behaviour of wildlife and ethno-veterinarian practices among traditional communities in the Karakoram Range with a Special reference to Berberis spp., 12.	Tika Khan, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Abdul Rehman, Naheed Fazal. (2014). Studies on zoopharmacological behaviour of wildlife and ethno-veterinarian practices among traditional communities in the Karakoram Range with a Special reference to Berberis spp. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 5(2), 341-348
Estimation of Genetic diversity among Berberis spp. from Karakoram Mountain Ranges using morpho-pathological and floral characters., 13.	Tika Khan. (2014). Estimation of Genetic diversity among Berberis spp. from Karakoram Mountain Ranges using morpho-pathological and floral characters. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 5(2), 286-295
Studies in assessment of environmental degradation and tourism in the Karakoram Mountain Ranges using water quality characterization., 14.	Rehmat Karim, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees, Tika Khan, Muhammad Zafar Khan, SeemaWafi, Shaukat Ali. (2014). Studies in assessment of environmental degradation and tourism in the Karakoram Mountain Ranges using water quality characterization. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 5(2), 260-267.
Zoopharmacognosy and epigenetic behavior of mountain wildlife towards Berberis species., 5.	Tika Khan, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Abdur Rehman, Shaukat Ali, Haibat Ali. (2014). Zoopharmacognosy and epigenetic behavior of mountain wildlife towards Berberis species. Life Science Journal 11(8), 259-263
Bacteriological Analysis of Drinking Water Sources in CKNP Region of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan., 15.	Maisoor Ahmed Nafees, Khalil Ahmed, Shamsher Ali, Rehmat Karim, Tika Khan. (2014). Bacteriological Analysis of Drinking Water Sources in CKNP Region of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. International Journal of Biosciences. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/5.4.54-59
Economic significance of ecotourism across biodiversity parks impacting livelihoods and nature conservation: A case study of Central Karakoram National Park, Pakistan., 16.	Rehmat Karim, Najma Najam , Irena Mrak, Tika Khan, Kifayat Ullah. 2014. Economic significance of ecotourism across biodiversity parks impacting livelihoods and nature conservation: A case study of Central Karakoram National Park, Pakistan. Researcher 2014;6(10):25-29]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). doi:10.7537/j.issn.1553-9865 http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher.5
Evaluation and assessment of job stresses and its relation with employees' performance in not-for-profit organizations working in rural settings of Northern Pakistan, 17.	Razia Bano, Tika Khan. 2014. Evaluation and assessment of job stresses and its relation with employees' performance in not-for-profit organizations working in rural settings of Northern Pakistan. World Rural Observ 2014;6(3):91-95]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online) doi:10.7537/j.issn.1944-6543. http://www.sciencepub.net/rural.13
Studies in physico-chemical characterization of Malus domestica varieties grown in high mountain areas of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, 22.	Tika Khan and Maqsood Hussain. (2014). Studies in physico-chemical characterization of Malus domestica varieties grown in high mountain areas of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research (2014), Volume 2, Issue (10): 27- 33
Evaluation of organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of different apple verities commonly grown in district Gilgit,Northern Pakistan. , 23.	Maqsood Hussain, Tika Khan, Zulfiqar Ali, Syed Arif Hussain, Shamsher Ali, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees, Qamar Abbas. 2014. Evaluation of organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of different apple verities commonly grown in district Gilgit,Northern Pakistan. International Journal of Biosciences 5(8), 37-46 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/5.8.37-46
Investigation into anthropogenic pressures and assessment of ethnobotanical insights regarding Berberis spp. across traditional landscape of Karakorum Mountain Ranges., 24.	Tika Khan, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Abdul Rehman, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees, Rehmat Karim. 2014. Investigation into anthropogenic pressures and assessment of ethnobotanical insights regarding Berberis spp. across traditional landscape of Karakorum Mountain Ranges. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 5(4), 445-452.
Evaluation of human induced threats on Berberis populations across cultural landscape of Karakorum Mountain Ranges. , 31.	Tika Khan, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Abdul Rehman, Rehmat Karim, Rukhsana, Shamsher Ali. 2014. Evaluation of human induced threats on Berberis populations across cultural landscape of Karakorum Mountain Ranges. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 5(4), 333-342
The colossal influence of biological fertilization on medicinal and aromatic plants., 34.	Syed Arif Hussain, Khalil Ahmad, Arif-un-Nisa Naqvi, Tika Khan, Mehsoor Ahmed Nafees, Maqsood Hussain, Qamar Abass, Muhammad Ali, Mohammad Akber, Sher Wali Khan. 2014. The colossal influence of biological fertilization on medicinal and aromatic plants. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 5(5), 299-314.
Wheat and Flour Insecurity in Hunza, Northern Areas, Pakistan., 35.	Tika Khan and Mir Ahmed Jan. (2009). Wheat and Flour Insecurity in Hunza, Northern Areas, Pakistan. Knowledge Highways, Karakoram Development Organization 1(2), 47-56. Accessible on http://kadohunza.org/final/issue1.html ; http://kadohunza.org/final/ issue1/tika.pdf
Ignored Death of national splendour, , 41.	Tika Khan. (2013). Ignored Death of national splendour, The Frontier Post, 9-3-2013
Cultural crumbling and dwindling identity., 42.	Tika Khan. (2009). Cultural crumbling and dwindling identity. Bang e sahar 5-11, 2009.
Electronics widening generation gap in Northern Areas. , 43.	Tika Khan. (2009). Electronics widening generation gap in Northern Areas. Bang e sahar December 27-January 2, 2009.
Mobilophylis in Northern Areas tips for management., 44.	Tika Khan. (2009). Mobilophylis in Northern Areas tips for management. Bang e sahar January 20-26, 2009.
Pakistani culture on extinction verge., 45.	Tika Khan. (2009). Pakistani culture on extinction verge. Bang e sahar February 17-23, 2009
Restoring heritage helps restoring peace: a lesson from Northern areas., 46.	Tika Khan. (2009). Restoring heritage helps restoring peace: a lesson from Northern areas. Bang e sahar January 27-February 2, 2009
Cherry a cherished fruit, 47.	Tika Khan. (2009). Cherry a cherished fruit. Bang e sahar August 30-september 5, 2009
A disappointed welcome., 48.	Tika Khan. (2008). A disappointed welcome. Bang e sahar November 15-21, 2008.
Gilgit second largest potato producer after Baluchistan., 49.	Tika Khan. (2008). Gilgit second largest potato producer after Baluchistan. Bang e sahar December 6-12, 2008.
Cultural dogma or approach dilemma., 50.	Tika Khan. (2008). Cultural dogma or approach dilemma. Bang e sahar November 1-7, 2008.
Herbals heal poverty., 51.	Tika Khan. (2008). Herbals heal poverty. Bang e sahar November 8-14, 2008
Islamophobia and western ignorance., 52.	Tika Khan. (2008). Islamophobia and western ignorance. Bang e sahar October 11-17, 2008
Longevity: know and enhance, 53.	Tika Khan. (2008). Longevity: know and enhance. Bang e sahar august 23-28, 2008.
Merit violations derail development in GB., 54.	Tika Khan. (2008). Merit violations derail development in GB. Bang e sahar November 22-28, 2008
Mobile fone se wabista khatraat or in ki rok thaam., 55.	Tika Khan. (2008). Mobile fone se wabista khatraat or in ki rok thaam. Weekly sadaegilgit October 23-29, 2008
Spiritual science, remedy for humanity, 56.	Tika Khan. (2000). Spiritual science, remedy for humanity. The frontier post. July 30, 2000
Where have all the flowers gone? , 57.	Tika Khan. (1999). Where have all the flowers gone? The News International. December 16, 1999
Loss of Wild Flowers in Northern Areas. , 58.	Tika Khan. (1999). Loss of Wild Flowers in Northern Areas. The Frontier Post November 28, 1999
Ethnobotanical Studies of Hunza Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan., 36.	Tika Khan. (2014). Ethnobotanical Studies of Hunza Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. VDM, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Germany. ISBN-13: 978-3-659-53209-2 ISBN-10: 3659532096 EAN: 9783659532092 Book language: English; Number of pages: 132 Published on: 2014-04-17
Current Perspectives of Medicinal Plants (Berberis) in High Mountains, 37.	Tika Khan. (2014). Current Perspectives of Medicinal Plants (Berberis) in High Mountains" ISBN 978-3-639-66525-3. Scholars' Press, Heinrich-Böcking-Str. 6-8, 66121, Saarbrücken, Germany
Etiology of Diarrhoea and Dysentery in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan., 38.	Khalil Ahmed, AR Shakoori, Tika Khan. 2014. Etiology of Diarrhoea and Dysentery in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. ISBN 978-3-639-66637-3. Scholars' Press, Heinrich-Böcking-Str. 6-8, 66121, Saarbrücken, Germany
Ethnobotanical Studies of Shinaki Area, Hunza, District Gilgit., 39.	Tika Khan. (2004). Ethnobotanical Studies of Shinaki Area, Hunza, District Gilgit. Bioresource Research Centre, www.pbrc.edu.pk/brows 1(1), 172
Genetic diversity estimation of Berberis species from CKNP using morpho-molecular markers., 40.	Tika Khan. (2013). Genetic diversity estimation of Berberis species from CKNP using morpho-molecular markers. In: International Conference held at Islamabad organized by EVK2CNR-SEED from June 8-12, 2013.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I think it would be a neat idea if you could give your opinion of the Peruvian gait and disposition coming from a first impression. Granted, it was one ride on one horse, but you've ridden enough GOOD horses in your lifetime that your opinion would be appreciated.
Say hello to everyone for me, okay?
Also this stud would be one to watch. He has recently imported RTP Casino from Canada and has collected a nice bunch of mares. His first crop of foals is due this spring/summer.
Hi Olga, I thought I'd keep you updated with what's going on down here. The bay colt I mentioned has apparently been gelded. But.. I've just been browsing on http://www.narrawin.com/forsale-horses.html and there's this colt - Intrepido NS. His dam is Caliente NS a daughter of LMR Tesaro Halado (Cortesano x La Media Noche) - imported to NZ from Canada (sire of bay colt). If you're interested in enquiring you might want to hurry as they're going to geld him this month.
Hi Olga! It's so great to see here! Yay!


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©The Wire | 2018
Time to Hold Powerful Forestry Agencies and Conservation Actors to Account
The FRA's provisions for collective forest rights provide a strong foundation for conservation, but agencies and actors have tried to alienate forest peoples from their rights.
Evidence says wildlife tourism operations have at times hurt the goals of conservation. Credit: Flickr/Prabhu CC BY NC ND 2.0
Prakash Kashwan and Manasi Karthik
During field research in Kanha National Park, Adivasi villagers shared what sounded like a joke: they claimed that tigers chased and circled by tourist jeeps often ran out of the core zone of the national park to find refuge in the relative tranquility of neighbouring forest villages.
As it turned out, instead of being a joke, these villagers described the consequences of "tiger shows" in which mahouts working with trained elephants would locate and surround a tiger so that tourists who paid a premium could be brought for a sighting.
Some of these tiger shows, which ran for several hours every morning, meant tigers were "kept away from their cubs, a water body or their kill". While the tiger shows were banned officially in 2012, frequent violations are likely, as evident from the promises that wildlife tourism operators make to the tourists.
There is significant evidence that wildlife tourism operations have at times hurt the goals of conservation. However, many ardent conservationists and wildlife officials have stood by the side of commercial interests in tourism. Advocates of the exclusionary model of conservation must answer for the conflicts of interest engendered by their financial stakes in the businesses of wildlife filming, writings, and tourism resorts. Despite claims to the contrary, commercially-driven models of exclusionary conservation have not helped the cause of ferae naturea.
MoEF's failures
A major share of responsibility for these failures, and the consequent conflicts, rests with the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) and the state forest departments. While it is well known that over 22% of India's total landmass is designated as forests, what is less known is that the area legally designated as forests has gone up. Yes, you read that correctly, it has gone up by 30% since 1960.
Note that this increase is despite the large areas of forestland diverted to industrial and defence projects and those submerged under the dams. How did the Indian government secure the land needed to offset all of those losses and then add a third more to the land that the forestry agencies claim under their jurisdiction?
A study (by one of the authors) shows that much of that land was taken from the categories of land that were meant for redistribution to landless families or to be used as village commons. These are known variously as gauchar (pasture lands), village nistar lands and recorded as 'culturalable wastelands' in government land records.
Also Read: Why Adversarial Court Action Won't Solve Disputes Over Forest Governance
India's Adivasis and other rural communities have been deprived of their resource rights to bring increasingly large areas under the control of forestry agencies and protected areas so vaunted by the conservationists. However, forestry agencies have failed to be the good stewards of forestlands as shown by the numerous scandals surrounding the Green India Mission, compensatory afforestation and management and planning authority (CAMPA).
The forces inimical to the cause of wildlife conservation are a joint product of the destructive models of development, commercial tourism and corruption of the public sector. Adivasis and other forest-dependent people are the victims of the same forces.
Conservationists would benefit from building a viable model of co-existence wherein the rights of forest-dependent people are dovetailed with the goals of conservation. The Forest Rights Act (FRA) contains provisions for the development of scientifically determined criteria and demarcation of Critical Wildlife Habitats (CWHs).
Instead of adopting such a transparent and objective process, the MoEFCC and conservationists have sought to rely on the fiat of the state power to declare CWHs on a whim, with the intention of preventing forestland right holders from exercising their rights.
A forest in Odisha
Local communities' rights
The FRA also formalises the local communities' rights to protect and manage forests that they have depend on for natural resource-based livelihoods. According to Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data released in October 2018, more than 73% of the land allocated under the FRA is designated for community forest reserves. These are devoted to the goals of conservation and sustainable utilisation.
Instead of recognising these statistics, a role that community forests play in nature conservation and the provision of local ecosystem services, conservationists such as Debi Goenka misrepresent all FRA rights as land rights. Similarly, the successful case of community-based conservation of the Amur falcons in Nagaland seem to have been used as an argument against community control.
The recognition of collective rights and community forestry successes should not be seen as an argument against Adivasi household land rights, which are a small corrective to the repeated instances of dispossession that forest peoples have suffered at the hands of colonial and post-independence governments.
Also Read: Activist Jailed for Joining Protest by Tribals 'Armed With Bows and Arrows'
For example, present-day conservation areas like the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve were originally declared in order to create game reserves so that English aristocracies could enjoy their pastime of hunting. Household land rights are also crucial for meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to food security and poverty alleviation.
Even so, claims to FRA land rights are not inimical to the goals of forest conservation. Our research shows that a large number of forestland claims at the village level also creates a constituency in favour of the claims of community forest rights. The FRA provisions for collective forest rights provide a strong foundation to build popular political support for conservation.
Alienating forest peoples
On the contrary, many conservation organisations continue to alienate forest peoples by militarising conservation. A BBC investigation in 2017 revealed that WWF India funded combat and ambush training for forest guards in Kaziranga National Park, who were given powers to shoot at sight and were implicated in a number of human rights abuses. A recent investigation quotes a former director of Kaziranga National Park as instructing his staff in writing to say that "If a question arises as to which rights shall get higher priority..it shall not be the human rights." Scholars have documented cases of forest officials who have sexually assaulted Adivasi women.
These are but a few examples of a long history of wrongs that forest peoples have suffered at the hands of those acting in the name of conservation. Erecting more barriers against forest rights would be "a major source of alienation of the local people from wildlife conservation," as stated in the National Wildlife Action Plan, which is meant to guide government policy on conservation between 2017-2031.
The petitioners in the Supreme Court case against the FRA would do well to reconsider their campaign against forest peoples. Ultimately, the question is whether we want more than a third of India's land governed by the remnants of a brutally repressive colonial regime or whether we want conservation that is scientifically sound, democratic and accountable to the public.
Prakash Kashwan is an associate professor at the University of Connecticut, Storrs. Manasi Karthik is a policy analyst and researcher.


text:
Alison Layland (trans.)
Alison Layland is a freelance translator from French, German and Welsh into English. She graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge with a BA in Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, and Modern & Medieval Languages. She is also a full member of the Institute of Translation and Interpreting, Society of Authors and an Associate of the Welsh Academi. She won the Oxfam Cymru 2010 Translation Challenge with a translation of a short story by Yanick Lahens; this led to a translation of a novel, The Colour of Dawn, by the same author. In addition to her translations, Layland is a published writer of her own works, including short stories and novels. Her first novel, Someone Else's Conflict was published in 2014. Born in Newark, Layland has lived in various parts of the UK, but settled in mid-Wales in 1997. Layland's passion lies in language: she won Welsh Learner of the Year in the 1999 National Eisteddfod and is currently teaching herself Croatian.
The Colour of Dawn


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Cooler Mike is hot stuff to his trainer, despite falling short in stakes race
Steve Buffery
More from Steve Buffery
Published on: June 15, 2019 | Last Updated: June 15, 2019 6:07 PM EDT
Cooler Mike finished second by a neck in the $100,000 Steady Growth Stakes Saturday. (Michael Burns photo)
Woodbine trainer Nick Nosowenko was all smiles on Saturday afternoon, despite the fact Lady Luck delivered yet another right hook to his solar plexus.
Nosowenko's four-year-old chestnut Cooler Mike finished second by a neck to the outstanding bay Kingsport in the $100,000 Steady Growth Stakes at the Rexdale track, a 1 1/16 mile race the son of Giant Gizmo out of Executive Affair looked like he might win. But in the end, the Sid Attard-trained Kingsport prevailed with an inspired charge in the stretch.
For Cooler Mike, that's two second-place finishes, two thirds and three fourths in the seven stakes he has started, and no wins. Two of those third finishes came in Canadian Triple Crown races in 2018 — the Queen's Plate and the Prince of Wales Stakes, finishing behind superstar Wonder Gadot and Aheadbyacentury on both occasions.
Some trainers might be bitter with so many near-misses in money-added races, but an upbeat Nosowenko, who co-owns Cooler Mike in partnership with his father Mike Nosowenko, had nothing praise for his horse and his jockey, Jesse Campbell, after the Steady Growth Stakes.
"Don't worry, we'll win a stakes," Nosowenko said of Cooler Mike, whose career earnings with Saturday's place pay-off takes his lifetime earnings close to $300,000.
"He's a solid horse. He's honest. He was on fire today. You know, he's the last one standing right out off the Queen's Plate last year. Hopefully we'll keep rolling and do some damage."
Nosowenko said the 4-5 favorite Kingsport, ridden by Patrick Husbands, just proved to be the better horse on the day, catching the leaders, Nipigon, Thor's Rocket and Cooler Mike in the stretch for the victory in 1:43.35. Thor's Rocket finished third.
"He left (the starting gate) sharp," said Husbands of Kingsport. "He relaxed going in the first turn and I was just smiling seeing three of them going head-to-head, you know, and I got a perfect trip. When I reached about the three-eighths pole, I said, 'Let's go, boy!', and he just jumped on the bridle and it was just a matter of time."
A career winner of nearly $950,000 in purses, Kingsport now has a dozen victories (including nine stakes) to go along with 10 other top three finishes from 32 starts for Goldmart Farms and Royal Laser Racing Inc.
Despite missing the winner's circle again, Nosowenko said he's a lucky man to have a horse like Cooler Mike, who has won three times in 13 career starts.
"He's a cool dude," said Nosowenko of his homebred who almost got away.
"We put a reserve on the horse at the sale. And he got sold, he met the reserve, and the guy wouldn't sign the ticket. So we had to take the horse back," Nosowenko said. "It's funny how it works out sometimes."
Mike and Nick Nosowenko have been staples at the Woodbine backstretch for decades and a custom started by Mike many years ago is how Cooler Mike got his name.
"Every time one of (my dad's) horses ran, he'd bring a cooler (to his workers in the backside) and have a few beers with everybody and it just became a regular thing," said Nick. "And we figured, 'Well, let's name this one after him' and Cooler Mike was fitting.
"My dad's been here for 40 years looking after the people on the backside. He knows how hard they work," Nick continued. "It's a tough game back there. People work odd hours and a lot of people don't realize what goes in to get a horse to the this stage. Three o'clock in the morning comes early sometimes."
"You don't get to see all the basketball games," Nosowenko added with a laugh.
Nosowenko was asked if he and his dad would be taking a cooler to the backside after Cooler Mike's second place finish on Saturday.
"The cooler's packed and ready to go and we'll crack it open," he said.
SBuffery@postmedia.com
Twitter @Beezersun


Hi! My name is Taylor, I'm looking for a way to make a living through my hobby! I love making and creating things, it gives me a sense of purpose and makes me feel amazing! Animations are especially fun, making a character come to life is an incredible accomplishment!


...attempting to display 4 items per slide. I manage to populate the carousel with a total of 8 items. Your task is to write the logic to split 8 items into 4 items per slide like pagination. Much of the work was done. So I believe it can be coded much simpler than the shown example. I am using the older version of angularjs v1.6.3 and bootstrap v3.3.7.


Horstmeyer, R, Chen, RY, Kappes, B, and Judkewitz, B. "Convolutional neural networks that teach microscopes how to image." Corr abs/1709.07223 (2017).
Holloway, J, Asif, MS, Sharma, MK, Matsuda, N, Horstmeyer, R, Cossairt, O, and Veeraraghavan, A. "Toward Long Distance, Sub-diffraction Imaging Using Coherent Camera Arrays." Corr abs/1510.08470 (2015).
Horstmeyer, R, Judkewitz, B, Vellekoop, I, and Yang, C. "Secure storage of cryptographic keys within random volumetric materials." November 19, 2013.
Horstmeyer, R, Judkewitz, B, Vellekoop, I, and Yang, C. "Secure storage of cryptographic keys within random volumetric materials." January 1, 2013.
Yang, C, Horstmeyer, R, and Zheng, G. "Fourier ptychographic microscopy: A method for pushing standard microscope beyond its physical limitations." January 1, 2013.
Horstmeyer, R, Oh, SB, Gupta, O, and Raskar, R. "Partially coherent ambiguity functions for depth-variant point spread function design." December 26, 2011.
Horstmeyer, R, and Oh, SB. "Creating aperture masks in phase space." December 1, 2010.
Morrison, RL, Stack, RA, Euliss, GW, Athale, RA, Necioglu, BF, Horstmeyer, RW, and Reese, C. "Dual-band imaging system based on a compact coaxial folded optic architecture." December 1, 2009.


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Author Archives: Beccy Smith
About Beccy Smith
Beccy Smith is a freelance dramaturg who specialises in developing visual performance and theatre for young people, including through her own company TouchedTheatre. She is passionate about developing quality writing on and for new performance. Beccy has worked for Total Theatre Magazine as a writer, critic and editor for the past five years. She is always keen to hear from new writers interested in developing their writing on contemporary theatre forms.
Emma Frankland: Hearty
Hearty is the fifth in Frankland's series of solos, NONE OF US IS YET A ROBOT about trans identity and her own transition experiences. It completes this body of work with a call to arms.
In the decrepit setting of Summerhall's peeling Dissection Room, water pools the floor and a looped projection of fuzzy newsreels sears your eyes on entry. In a festival where the majority of shows speedily try to superimpose themselves on a space that's theirs for barely an hour, the synergy of context and content here is smart and powerful. Hearty's approach is almost site responsive, colonising walls, floor, the steep Victorian lecture bank of seats. in here, we're in her world: a sanctuary and an outpost.
A siren wails and she plunges into the space, clutching a wooden box and bolting the doors behind her. The experience of a hostile external world is one of several looping threads woven through the piece. It sits alongside a deeply personal monologue giving insight to the lived experience of using the HRT of the title to transition; a political exhortation around the long and erased history of transsexual women (figured here as powerful and transgressive winged beings); and repeated real physical challenges that build towards a sense of ritual. It's a complex dramaturgy that effectively articulates the innate tensions and contradictions of the experience under scrutiny: single within double, the politicisation of individual identity, the organic self-realisation delivered by synthetic chemicals. The production engages richly with its ideas, supported by presence of no less than four artists (Myriddin Pharo, who also designs, Keir Cooper, also scoring, Rachel Clerke and Ivo Macaskill) with dramaturgical input.
This could be difficult, serious theatre, and it's certainly not material that lends itself to playfulness, but its embodied use of space and atmosphere places us in the heart (appropriately enough) of these ideas. We're in the bunker with Emma. The water, fire, knives are all real and palpably present – this is no intellectual exercise. Pharo's costume – fierce metal wings made of knives and a giant fleshy tail that pours over the back of Frankland's tights – powerfully encapsulates the power, freakishness and beauty of the state of being described by the solo. There's a story here – the dangerous uncovering of stories of silenced voices buried and rediscovered in Frankland's bunker space – but it's the looping, ever deepening structure that cycles though elation, fearfulness, potency, threat and horror in a viscerally embodied language, that accumulates to a deeper understanding of trans experiences and the precariousness of the contemporary world they face.
This entry was posted in Reviews on August 30, 2019 by Beccy Smith.
Honolulu Theatre for Youth and Annie Cusick Wood: Sparkle
Sparkle has been created by Scottish theatre-maker Annie Cusick Wood, former collaborator with the acclaimed Catherine Wheels (who share a supporting credit for this show) and Visible Fictions before her move to Hawaii. Aimed at 3 – 8 year olds, the production digs into those intense first experiences of starting school through the lens of one sparkly boy's efforts to hang on to his identity.
It's an identity that does not conform to the one-size-fits-all cut out paper doll expectations of the students around him and the production finds some effective theatrical languages to really hone in on the hopefulness and vulnerability of this pivotal moment for young children. Sparkle – first figured as a golden child in a bubble, much to the delight of my four year old – lives in a simple world of a rather magical small white tent, with his companion Gerald the caterpillar and cared for his friend and our narrator (Tina Uyeno). Strings of cut-out dolls are brought to life in shadow form, animated with the real voices of children's laughter. Later, their presence hangs heavy on the upstage flat when Sparkle is at home. His name encapsulates his identity as a boy who loves glitter and tutus and resists the blazer and sensible shoes he must wear to school.
Catherine Wheel's influence can be felt in the material unfolding that underpins the story's shape. A simple rhythm tales us through Sparkle's first three days at school; he wakes from his tent, tries to dress for his day and then the discoveries and tribulations of the playground are watched by Uyeno as shadow scenes through a golden telescope. The rhythm soon feels predictable, but this supports the show to go to some difficult places in its unflinching focus on the difficulties Sparkle faces at school for being different and his anguish and confusion at his treatment.
This is a simple, accessible show, gently done, that celebrates difference and retains an authentic child's eye view, despite a fully grown man (Nathaniel Niemi) embodying the five year old Sparkle. I hope my own school starter will take its kind and hopeful message into his class.
The Herd: SLIME
The Herd are a Hull-based company making new work that connects with young people and SLIME is an engaging theatre experience for younger children bringing to life some of the magic of the micro in our gardens. I really appreciate seeing a children's show that sidesteps cutesier creatures in favour of insect protagonists and a perspective from down in the dirt. Young children are sponges when it comes to relating to the world around them, and anything attempting to rehabilitate sympathy for our insect co-dependents is a Good Thing in my book.
The show does a lot of things right. The company have created an intriguing and welcoming environment, that fully wraps a back room in Edinburgh's Central Library. Converting it into a 'slime garden' involves enclosing it with giant grass blades sculpted in coloured foam, while squishy foam pebbles and floor create a pleasingly tactile environment. Created for 2-5 year olds, the story employs only 12 words, all supported with BSL in the performance, to effectively articulate the plight of a slug and a caterpillar in a garden with only one leaf, just out of reach, to satisfy their urgent hunger. The characters are interestingly and sympathetically drawn: Lucy Bairstow's Slug is sweet and open, fully embodying the joys of slime's sensory therapeutic qualities. Finlay McGuigan plays arrogant Caterpillar for laughs, but both actors mange to convey the desperation of life at arthropod level and the urgency of their situation even as they, inevitably, overcome their difference to become friends.
This heightened emotion – the alarming (literally) threat of slug pellets; the desperate hunger and hurtfulness of some of their interactions, maintains a level of intensity throughout that is a bit much for younger audiences. The show hasn't yet found the space and quieter bits of performance to invite a sense of ease and wonder which would balance the fear and conflict. The storytelling rhythm also needs a bit of refinement – its drive and that essential clarity of intention needed by very young audiences get looser at points in the middle. But the performances are detailed and really fun, and the show's intention making insects identifiable is heart-warming and important work.
Trick of the Light: Tröll
Tröll is the seventh production by award-winning New Zealand company, Trick of the Light and the second of their shows I have seen. Their work is marked out by a satisfying aesthetic rigour that playfully interweaves visual languages and new writing to create a very complete on-stage world. In Tröll, that world is the 90s, specifically the 90s as experienced by 12-year-old Otto, coming to terms with life in a new house with an old family member, in a new part of New Zealand.
As an exuberant monologue on the joys and lows of adolescent adventures in the new playground of the internet, the show is sweet and funny, grounded in a detailed and affectionate performance by company director Ralph McCubbin-Howell's that walks (and bounces) just on the right side of naivete. Otto is a proud member of nerdish chatroom The Round Table where they discuss important historical 'facts' of the time, attempting together to shed some light on the Dark Ages. The chat room is a sanctuary, at least for a little while, from the bullying Otto's experiencing IRL ('in real life' as he proudly explains to us) but when that sanctuary is invaded he must turn to his aged 'Viking' grandmother to gnomically expand his understanding. It is her whose arrival due to ill health imposes the move that triggers the story, and she who first characterises the vulnerability plaguing him as a Tröll.
The company have riffed on these three languages – of the early internet, Medieval history and Nordic myth – to create a rich palette for their storytelling. Anchored in a small illuminated square of stage, a single desk, a flight case, an operating table and a lot of extended looping wires, mythic worlds behind walls and down cables are conjured. The material is highly identifiable and originally told: physicality, miniature worlds, arresting imagery (including a very pleasing use of a vaper), handheld projection, shadows and puppetry are all deftly spun together. The company have found myriad surprising and enchanting ways to animate Otto's world view, and the 90s aesthetic is a very effective bridge between history and the now, the familiar and the strange – as well as being bang on trend.
Because now, of course, the days of dial-up, of spiky acronyms and pixelated characters seem in some ways like the Dark Ages themselves. In its final moments, the show bursts out of its magic realism memoir into something more sober and nuanced: a comment on the weave of childhood into our adult lives, and the threads that link together the stories that we tell to the metaphors we share.
This entry was posted in Reviews on August 5, 2019 by Beccy Smith.
The PappyShow: Boys
In contemporary conversation, gender is increasingly understood as a performance, the response to social conditioning and a mask that can shape or even overwhelm the individual. The PappyShow's celebration of contemporary maleness, Boys, joyfully embodies the opposite point of view. A romping ensemble piece with a cast of thirteen, the show sets out to explode narrow definitions of gender or type and instead fully embrace the breadth of individual perspective that makes up the experiences of young British men of colour in 2019. In doing so, they turn the problem on its head, forcing an expansion of the definition – they are proudly, variously 'boys' and also undeniably all their own true selves.
The production has been developed through extensive workshop sessions exploring physical work, devising and exercise, for which the company was established by director Kane Husbands in 2013. Their show has emerged almost as a bi-product of this process. The holding open of this space for the various participant-performers has generated material with a profound authenticity and playfulness. Games and competition – often led on-stage on this evening by Kwami Odoom, the company's Education and Outreach Coordinator – are used as the engine for many scenes, from overt competitions of strength and stamina, to scenes formed from statement disclosures on a topic set anew each night. The whole is put together with a lightness of touch that makes no apologies for the workshop feel of some scenes (amply balanced by some lovely and detailed choreographic sequences) – the company's charm leads us through the looser sections. Playing themselves, the boys are nevertheless compelling creations who we want to spend time with.
The overall atmosphere is infectiously warm, inclusive and fun and it's easy to forget how unusual and important it is on an British stage for a show to foreground these stories and, indeed, these bodies. Together, the ensemble share stories, both through movement, often accompanied by a really banging soundtrack, and through gesture, physical image and storytelling. The stories are of their origins, of moments that have shaped them, of their loves and losses, and of the life challenges they face now in this moment. This is a performance in which we are all undeniably here together in this place with these individuals: the performance's immediacy casts a powerful spell.
They decide to open the performance with 'a fight'– a familiar scene of boisterousness and aggression that suddenly turns and runs out of control. All of the show's content, much of which packs a real emotional punch, is presented without comment. 'Here we are,' they say, 'take us or leave us – here we all are: lovers, competitors, fathers and sons, flirts, husbands, heroes and criminals; lost in love, in grief, in fear, in solidarity.' In presenting these stories with such an open hand, with a joy in their performing and a tenderness toward their material, the show delivers a response to the vexed question of contemporary manhood with the care and respect it deserves.
Featured image (top) PappyShow: Boys. Photo Dina Tse
This entry was posted in Reviews and tagged Brighton Festival 2019 on June 3, 2019 by Beccy Smith.


A crowd begins to gather at the Mushuau Innu Natuashish School gym ahead of this year's first parent - teacher meetings. By all accounts, this year's first meeting was a tremendous success. Congratulations to all staff at MINS, and thank you to all the parents who showed up!


We all have our favourite photography brands and equipment.
This is my list of essentials and non-essential items to create images.
Nikon D810. This is my main camera body at the moment. I will soon upgrade to the D850.
Fuji X-Pro 2 . I still have the X-Pro 1, which I use when doing street photography because it's smaller, lighter, and much more discreet than my Nikon full-frame bodies.
Nikkor 14-24 f2.8 . Super-wide angle zoom that is great to create dramatic landscape images. It will distort the image in the corners because of the angle of view, of course, but it's becoming my favourite lens.
Nikkor 24-70 f2.8 . Standard zoom lens ideal for travel photography. It's just wide enough and long enough to cover most situations inside the built environment of cities.
Tamron 70-200 f2.8 . My only telephoto lens at the moment. I bought this instead of Nikon's own brand because of the price difference. It's good for most situations, but it does have problems resolving smaller details. There's an updated version of this lens, but my is still doing what it does best and I'm happy with it.
SIRUI T-1204X . Light and small, so good for travelling. I bought it after a colleague recommended it, and I have no regrets.
SIRUI G-20X Ball Head . It's small, affordable and relatively light-weight, which were deciding factors for me. It's not the best head there is, but it gets the job done.
Nikon DK-19 Rubber Eyecup . This will make your life better. It simply allows you to press your eye into the eyecup, thus covering light-spill and allowing you to see more clearly. I'm also about to start using a DK-17M, which enlarges the viewfinder size by 1.2x.


The San Francisco Giants will be trying to extend a winning streak on Saturday when they take on the Arizona Diamondbacks at Chase Field.
The Giants will give the ball to starter Barry Zito in this one. Lefthander Zito is 11-8 this season with a 4.33 ERA.
Zito's opponent in this one will be Wade Miley. The Diamondbacks lefthander has a 3.07 ERA to go along with a 14-9 record this season.
Oddsmakers currently have the Diamondbacks listed as 155-moneyline favorites versus the Giants, while the game's total is sitting at 9.
In their last action, San Francisco was a 6-2 winner on the road against the Diamondbacks. Bettors on San Francisco at -137 on the moneyline collected their winnings from that game, while the total score (8) sent UNDER bettors home happy as well.


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'Liverpool are so exhilarating in attack, you fall in love with them... then so brittle defensively, you doubt whether they can win anything'
A round-up of how the national media covered the 4-2 win over Hoffenheim
Kristian Walsh
In The Telegraph, Chris Bascombe reflects on the wider implications of Champions League qualification for Liverpool.
He writes: The remaining days in this transfer window cannot be spent dining out on this notable and pivotal success, but focused on ensuring they build on it.
In previous years, securing this place has often seemed built around an obsession about the financial consequences of Champions League participation. Not this time. While the economic benefits are undoubtedly significant, there was more at stake here. It was not just about the money for Liverpool.
This time it is more about prestige, status, and proving they truly belong with those clubs once considered peers. To repel the attempts of Barcelona to derail progress, it is necessary for Liverpool to occupy the same stage. Wherever he was watching, there must have been a twitch in the limbs of Philippe Coutinho – wishing he was out there in a majestic first half – to rival those spasms in his back and the itchiness in his feet.
Liverpool, lest we forget, once perceived themselves a natural rival of Real Madrid, Bayern Munich and Barcelona – who they have beaten in European finals and semi-finals. Liverpool have been left enviously looking at what was once theirs, and at the mistakes that put them in exile.
Liverpool 4-2 Hoffenheim
As it happened
How much is it worth?
When's the group stage draw?
Full time report
Henry Winter is in good form in The Times, focusing on the performance of Roberto Firmino.
He writes: Hoffenheim were poor, particularly defensively, but even such infirmity cannot take away from the excellence of Liverpool and especially Firmino. After scoring, the Brazilian lowered his shorts and swaggered towards the fans in celebration. The No 9 started up top but moved wide, dropped deep, a pimpernel in scarlet. Hoffenheim sought him here, they sought him there, and they rarely got close.
Firmino was quick, elusive, predatory and the prospect of him running at Arsenal's centre backs here on Sunday will have the visiting supporters shuddering as they venture up the M6. Nacho Monreal and Shkodran Mustafi will need to find another gear somehow. Jürgen Klopp is building a side of irrepressible qualities going forward. They most recently experienced the Champions League in 2014, under Brendan Rodgers, and few teams will want to visit an impassioned Anfield and face Liverpool in this sort of form. They still require a top-class centre back to stiffen the defence but this was a night for celebrating among fans, not carping.
In the Independent, Simon Hughes doesn't think the Reds are quite picture perfect, but this is a portrait of the same side seen since 2012.
He writes: It always seems to be ifs with Liverpool but if they keep their front three fit this season, if they keep Philippe Coutinho from the tentacles of Barcelona and he ends up supplying the passes for Mané and if Liverpool simply let in fewer soft goals, their chances of winning silverware will increase dramatically. They are big ifs.
Perhaps only a misery would be critical when Liverpool are so explosive going forward but Hoffenheim's goals here were the type you'd now routinely expect Liverpool to concede: one where their two centre backs end up facing their own 'keeper, another a free header inside the box from a cross.
This was a portrait of Liverpool in the period 2012-2017: so exhilarating in attack, you fall in love with them all over again; then so brittle defensively, you doubt whether they have the foundations to win anything.
Alberto Moreno and Georginio Wijnaldum against Hoffenheim
Steve Bates of the Mirror was there to witness a magnificent show from Sadio Mane.
He writes: After a tricky start to the season Jurgen Klopp needed one of his big stars to rise to the occasion and lift the Coutinho-led gloom around Anfield.
So step forward Sadio Mane who lit up the Kop with a devastating spell of attacking power-play which stunned Hoffenheim.
Mane, playing wide on the left, was unplayable in a first half which swamped the German's. And although he didn't score his electric speed helped set up both of Emre Can's first half goals.
And finally, once more in the Independent, Mark Critchley talks about purpose from Jurgen Klopp's side.
He writes: Yet this Liverpool side possesses a rare quality that will stand them in good stead no matter who they handed in Thursday's Champions League group stage draw: the ability to blow other teams out the water. Hoffenheim conceded three goals in a game just twice last season, yet the compact, disciplined and organised Bundesliga outfit shipped three inside the first 21 minutes here; 21 minutes that could well prove to be hugely significant in Liverpool's season.
This same clinical streak could be observed their last European campaign, during Klopp's first season with the club on the run to the Europa League final. Just as on those nights against Manchester United, Borussia Dortmund and Villarreal, his players rose to occasion, appearing to understand the particular importance this club attaches to a mid-week evening of continental competition. Purpose was shown from the first whistle here, sometimes a little too much, but the effect it had helped to tear this tie away from Hoffenheim.


The summer after my high school graduation a car trip across the United States was the capstone to my mandatory education, planned out to give me a real, bookless and personal view of our country. My parents loved to travel, but I later realized that this trip was mostly for me.
Our family, living in California, had previously gone on many vacations towing a small travel trailer throughout the western states, sometimes with my older sister and sometimes with a couple of other kids.
... A high point on our trip.
This time it was just the three of us in a '59 Chevy. We were determined to see the wonders of the East Coast.
The round trip took three weeks and almost 7,000 miles traveling to 23 states, the District of Columbia and one Canadian province.
On the way, we visited with friends in various places, but our main goal was to get a personal look at Washington D.C. and New York City. I kept a journal with entries for those 22 days.
My entire diary is too long. This article is still long, but summarized to help you skim through.
We left Long Beach, CA at 4:30 am, hoping to reach Oak Creek Canyon (near Flagstaff, Arizona) in time for a late picnic lunch.
It was cool through the heart of the Coachella Valley. At 6:16 am, when the sun rose, the desert was beautiful. Soon we reached the Arizona border where desert changed faces almost immediately, putting on hundreds of the Suguaro cacti typical of the Arizona desert.
It started to get HOT now as we climbed and descended the winding roads. At 1:00 pm, a few miles outside of the ghost town of Jerome, we had a flat tire on the back left side. Dad put on the spare and we went on planning to have the tire patched in Flagstaff.
2:30 pm-- We rode on through the most beautiful scenic country in Arizona. In Sedona, coming into Oak Creek Canyon. We drove through miles of the reddest RED rock canyons imaginable. Stacked red rocks, castles, towers, buttes, monuments, forts and minarets. The dark red earth was complemented by short evergreen and shrubs. The earth is so red, even though I've seen it before, it always fades in my memory. I can hardly believe the color.
We stopped in Flagstaff, AZ at about 4 pm, had the tire fixed, then on to Winslow, AZ where we got a nice motel and took a swim to cool down before fixing dinner in our room and going to bed.
The car was fairly new. There were no seatbelts (they were not required then), no GPS, no cell phones. It was comfortable, but there was no such thing as automobile air conditioning.
Getting an early start through the desert was important, since there was a long hot stretch ahead.
Having a flat tire the first day, may have seemed inauspicious, but it was considered to be part of the trip in the 60's. In a round trip of over 6,000 miles, you could expect at least a couple of these episodes.
We got an early start, making a few stops just to stretch our legs at places like Petrified Forest, and some sites with ancient Indian petroglyphs.
We got a motel in Tucumcari, New Mexico. Our main objective at this point, since we had already visited many western states, was to cover long distances in the first days, and spend our time at more far-flung destinations.
Friday the 19th we drove all day and made it through the Texas panhandle and Oklahoma. It was dark by the time we reached Fort Smith, Arkansas.
We had covered many miles through the Southwest deserts, by starting early in the mornings, and stopping in late afternoons to cool off with a swim. (No car air conditioning.) We always looked for a motel with a pool.
Designing the 59 Chevy: Notice the dated fashions of the era.
Devil's Den State Park was a very brief off-highway excursion on our way to Eureka Springs, Arkansas.
By noon we had reached the motel and antique shop owned by our former neighbors, Jack and Gladys Strait. We hadn't seen them in five years and they gave us a hearty welcome. We had a spectacular lightening storm that evening with lots of wind, and only a few raindrops.
Dinner at a nearby log cabin restaurant was steak, a salad piled high with wild cherry tomatoes, and squaw bread with pear honey. We took the huckleberry pie back to the motel to enjoy.
We had planned to be on our way again in the morning, but a friend of our former neighbors came by the motel early in the morning with his big Cadillac and insisted on taking us on a tour of the beautiful little town of Eureka Springs which included hilltop overlooks, tasting the famous spring waters of some of the famous springs, climbing some of the stone steps and stairways to see some of the notable architectural sites including the Crescent Hotel.
We were back at the Straits by 10 a.m. and headed east through Springfield MO toward St. Louis. We had expected to be there by about 7:30 pm, but got caught in a traffic jam several miles before our destination. It was 9 pm before we found a motel with a vacancy. It was old and not very clean. We went to bed tired.
Monday Aug 22.Seemingly we rejoined the same traffic jam we had been in the night before, Crossing the Mississippi River we were in Illinois, the eighth state in five days. Stopped for a hamburger in Joliet, then continued to Chicago. We didn't make any stops there, but did take a route that took us down Lakeshore Drive where we could see the marina and the tall buildings.
We made an overnight stop in Cleveland, Ohio to visit some friends that we knew from California. They lived in an old part of town where the streets were paved with bricks. They took us on a brief tour around the city and the park showing us the tall buildings and statuary, then we came back to their home and enjoyed a nice dinner. It was a warm August night so we sat out on the front porch and enjoyed the cool air while listening to the enthusiastic music that came from the Pentecostal church down the street.
By the time we got to Buffalo, New York, we were truly lost, but at least we got to see lots of big old houses and churches and streets with with large trees.
When we crossed the Niagara River, we could see the mist rising from where we thought the falls should be, and as we crossed the bridge into Canada we couldn't see the falls because the sides of the bridge are high to block the view. Once into the Canadian town of Niagara, we caught only a glimpse of the falls. We found a motel and checked in.
After resting a bit we went out to see some nearby sights. We climbed a tall tower with statue of an English general on top. It cost us $.15 to climb the narrow spiral stairs. They got narrower as we climbed to the top where there was room for about 3 people and there were two more people behind us. Coming down those stairs the stairs seemed harder and when we got to the base we found out there were 235 Steps Each Way.
Daddy said, "but it would scare you more if you were up there in that little car." So we went and hung suspended over the river were the rapids came down into the whirlpool.
We stopped at an exhibit of barrels that people had used to attempt a trip over the falls, or through the rapids.
Finally we saw the magnificent falls themselves. They were truly breathtaking, so much so that I developed a persistent case of hiccups.
By then it was almost evening so we wandered around town a bit looking in the shops until it was dark enough for the lights to be turned on the falls at night. In the meantime we visited Madame Tussard's wax museum.
Going over to get a closer look at the Canadian Falls, we had to walk quite a way uphill and it included steps, which started us wondering why we had decided to climb that tower earlier in the day. It seemed like thousands of cars and thousands of people were there to witness the falls at night with the colored lights playing on them. We would plan for this phenomenon the next night.
This was the morning we got a close look at Niagara Falls when we boarded the small boat, "Maid of the Mist", with dozens of other people in black raincoats.
The fine spray wet everyone's faces and made our black raincoats shiny. We continued from the US side, near the American Falls toward the Horseshoe Falls .The boat pitched and swayed as spray showered us steadily.
The sound of falling water roared in our ears, and it was difficult to look towards falls because of the force of the water. Wet hair hung down on my forehead and I could see blonde curls dangling in front of my eyes with big drops of Niagara water trying hard to hang on. The boat turned and headed back out toward the dock. Our trip took about 20 min.
Later we walked along the upper edges of the Horseshoe Falls then drove around the Rainbow Bridge to the US side and onto Goat Island, the piece of land separating the two falls.
Admiring the double rainbow near the rapids of the American Falls and we could see gold at the end of the rainbow. It was actually the golden raincoats of people taking a tour on a wooden stairway. Mom and I decided to take the tour.
We went into a locker room where we changed into green flannel pajamas and burlap shoes, covered by our bright yellow raincoats.
We waited for the elevator to go down to the river rapids with other tourists, and everyone just stared, and laughed at each other because we all looked so silly.
The elevator took us to a tunnel that led to a platform near the river. Our path led over wooden stairways and walkways anchored on the rocks between rapids. As we climbed higher, the railings and steps were covered with a thick padding of green moss. We came to a platform called "hurricane landing" where the force of the wind and water from the falls made us feel we were in a tropical storm.
It was about this point where they had a "No Smoking" sign. Another sign said "Beware of Pickpockets". There wasn't one pocket in the entire crowd.
On the way back to the elevator everyone looked funnier than before. Wet green pajamas were stuck to our legs and some of the little kids had wet flannel sleeves hanging out from their raincoat arms. Some slickers were long, some shorter, and everyone had shapeless soggy burlap slippers.
Later, Mom and I did a little shopping and exploring the town, stopping to glimpse falls every now and then. In the evening we watched the colored lights on the falls again, while enjoying ice cream cones.
New York City, At Last!
We had enjoyed Niagara so much that we almost hated to leave, but we knew other adventures were in store for us as we headed toward New York City.
We drove through beautiful hilly forest land, passed pretty little farms, small towns, and fields of wildflowers.
As we kept coming closer to the city of New York, we were surprised that we still seemed to be in the countryside. It was nothing like the ever-expanding surrounding suburbs of Los Angeles. We almost thought we were on the wrong highway. Then we crossed the Hudson River and found ourselves in the big city.
After checking into our hotel and resting a little we were out on the town walking down Broadway to get a look at the night lights. We found a little place to eat, walked a little more and came back to our hotel room.
This was our busy day in New York City, a with a cruise around Manhattan. We had walked down to Pier 83 past brownstone tenements while trying to be careful of taxis and bus drivers. It seems that few people paid any attention to traffic signals, especially the pedestrians. We almost felt silly standing there waiting for the light change. All of the New Yorkers must have known we were California tourists.
On the three hour cruise we saw Rockefeller Center, Battery Park and the Statue of Liberty. We also saw the famous bridges, Yankee Stadium, UN buildings, and many other landmarks. After boat ride we took a bus to the Empire State Building. Visibility was slightly limited, however we still got a good view of the buildings and streets.
At some point, we found the Automat, a coin operated food dispensary that seemed unique to us-- though we had seen something like it in the movies. I think we had pie.
After the cruise, we took a subway express to Battery Park where we caught the boat to Liberty Island. The boat ride took about 20 min.
It was the height of the tourist season so there were hundreds of people lined up for the elevator to the top of the pedestal. The day was hot and humid so we decided not to climb the spiral stairs inside of the metal structure with crowds of slow moving people, to get to the top of the statue, but we got a good sense of the immensity of the monument from where we were.
We took the boat back to Battery Park and decided to take the 5th Street bus instead of the subway so we could see the city. Although we were tired we stopped at St. Patrick's Cathedral. This Gothic style cathedral is supposed to be one in the US most like the famous ones of Europe and it was very beautiful.
The cathedral is not too far from Rockefeller Center so we walked through the square on our way back to the hotel–only about 2 blocks.
We went back to the room and relaxed for a while before heading out for the evening. We found a cafeteria nearby ate spaghetti, then went to Rockefeller Center again to the RCA building and took a tour of NBC-TV and radio studios.
We needed to squeeze a little bit more of New York City into our trip before we headed for Philadelphia, so we did little sightseeing before heading out. On an early Sunday morning, the traffic was relatively light.
We drove through the Bowery which reminded us of LA's skid row, then once more through Central Park to find at Cleopatra's needle. Coming out of the park we drove down Fifth Avenue to look at the fancy apartments. From there we went to Wall Street and drove around Gramercy Park and on to Washington Square and the Greenwich Village section.
The Holland Tunnel took us under the Hudson River to New Jersey we traveled on turnpikes and tollways through New Jersey to Pennsylvania.
By a little after noon we were at Eastern Baptist Seminary, just outside of Philadelphia, to visit a student that we knew there. Being summer, there were few other students around-- just some of the full time residents. He took us on a tour through the seminary chapel and we took our luggage to our room where we got ready to go down for a swim. The pool was very large and a cool relief from the humid heat of the day.
That evening we went to a stone and brick church to hear our friend, the seminary student, give a message. The church had absorb the heat of the day. It felt like a pizza oven. Later we went to a specialty ice cream parlor that was apparently a favorite spot for the seminary students.
We were also in introduced to the diner experience for a hearty breakfast, and then drove through the Bryn Mawr district. We continued to Valley Forge where we stopped to look at some of the accommodations that were similar to what Washington's soldiers had back in the hard winter when they stood against nature's forces as well as the invading English.
We then headed back to Philadelphia, parked the car and walked to City Hall where we took the elevator up the tower to the base of the 37 foot "Billy Penn" statue which was the preeminent feature of the Philly skyline.
We walked to Independence Hall where we saw the Liberty Bell, (it was still in the entryway inside of the building, back then) the Supreme Court chamber where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the assembly room where representatives of 13 colonies ratified the declaration, and proclaimed liberty.
At that point we found we had walked quite a long way, and were too tired to walk back so we took a cab back to our car.
We continued our journey, heading towards Washington DC. Driving through the city of Baltimore, Maryland and saw many buildings with white marble steps. Mom said everyone in the city scrubbed their steps with the ambition of having the cleanest and brightest.
I fell asleep while riding and it wasn't long before I was awakened by Mom telling me to look at the Capitol building. I didn't know what she was talking about until I looked for myself and there it was . In the distance I could also see the unmistakable pointed shaft of the Washington Monument. We drove through the center of the city right in front of the Capitol building and were surprised it that it was of a greater size than we had imagined.
We found that we couldn't get accommodations at the motel in Arlington where we had planned on staying, so we had to go look for another.We finally found a nice motel room one and a half miles from Mount Vernon. It was about 7 PM.
Tuesday, August 30 we started out a little before 9 AM to go to Mount Vernon. The gates opened at 9 and we wanted to avoid the crowd and afternoon heat. Walking up the carriage path to enter the main entrance of the estate we looked across the Bowling Green and could see the home of Washington flanked by smaller white buildings which had served as offices, servants quarters storage rooms etc.
We walked through both the upstairs and downstairs rooms then to the kitchen which had a lot of the original furnishings, a separate building, the smokehouse, storage shops and stables and then down the path to the tomb of George and Martha Washington .
After visiting the museum and gardens we came back to the motel and took a swim before packing and check out. We found another motel and just rested in the air-conditioned room for relief from the heat and humidity. Later we drove to Arlington National Cemetery where we visited the Custis/Lee Mansion.
At the tomb of the unknown soldiers we witnessed the changing of the guard. We visited a few other monuments, including the US Marine Memorial, the Iwo Jima statue.
We took a half day limousine tour rather than trying to fight traffic, find parking places, and navigate. We shared the tour with a family from Michigan.
Our first stop was the Bureau of Engraving and Printing where we toured the building on catwalks above the work area, as ten dollar bills were printed, processed, counted, cut, sorted, and packaged into neat bundles.
Next, our driver took us to the main building of the Smithsonian Institution where we viewed the Wright brother's plane, Lindbergh's plane, what and what was left of the flag that flew from Fort Mc Henry when Francis Scott Key wrote the Star-Spangled Banner.
Many other interesting things like relics of various wars, early inventions were on exhibit ... an amazing display.
We next went to the White House. We passed through the rooms on the lower floor with a continuously moving line of people.
Then it was on to the capitol where we walked through the rotunda and the halls lined with statues to the Senate chamber. LBJ was speaking. Next came a brief stop at the National Archives to see the original Declaration of Independence, and then quick visits at the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials, capped by an elevator trip to the top pf the Washington Monument for an overview of the mall.
I don't know how the limo driver managed to get us to all of those places in such a short amount of time, but it was well worth the price and we certainly could not have done it on our own without taking an extra day or two.
The next day we starting the last leg of our journey. We stopped at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia and learned the history of Abolitionist John Brown's raid on the armory. The event became the prelude to American Civil War. Oddly, I don't think I had ever heard about this in my high school history classes.
Ruins of historical buildings were preserved and explained by signs and photos of the events that ocurred there. It was designated as a National Monument at that time, and became a National Historical Park in1963.
Our car was pointed west again and we had another flat tire in Elerya Ohio.
Today we traveled through miles and miles of corn. We stopped for a big farm breakfast in the Amana Colonies and looked around at the woolen mills where mom bought some wool fabric to keep her sewing machine busy when we got home again.
We stopped in David City Nebraska. My parents had friends (actually relatives of some of their high school friends who had been out to visit in California quite a few times) living in this small farm town. It was almost evening, and the big event of the day was the annual jalopy races down at the fairgrounds-- so that's where I went with the teenagers of their family, while the older people stayed home and visited.
This multi-generation farm-family had a long agricultural tradition and wanted to show us their cornfields, and their hog-raising operations on this day. We had planned to be on our way again, but they insisted we stay a little longer to enjoy their unbounded hospitality.
The corn was tall, and we praised it to be polite, but being city folks we had no idea about corn worthiness. The hog raising was done under a high shade shelter on concrete slabs, designed to be easily hosed off, so that the hogs were healthy, clean and cool.
At the time this was a new idea, and many hogs are still raised this way, but there are differences of opinion on if this is the best situation, or if it is unnatural. At the time it looked very clean and the hogs, pigs and piglets looked very happy and healthy.
Though our Nebraskan friends wanted us to stay longer, we were already a little behind schedule, and Dad needed to be back to work on time. We started out toward Loveland, Colorado and found a motel for the night there.
Following Route 6, we crossed the Continental Divide in the Rocky Mountains at Loveland Pass 11,990 feet (3,655 m) above sea level.
The winding road had a steep grade with hairpin turns . Above the treeline, the road offers spectacular views in all directions.
The Eisenhower Tunnel, on Interstate 70 was not finished until 1979. This pass was one of the main routes across the Rockies before the tunnel was completed.
Dinosaur National Park, near Vernal Utah was interesting stop where massive dinosaur fossil beds were discovered in 1909. Many complete skeletons have been recovered and reassembled.
One of the main attractions is the "Dinosaur Wall", a steeply tilted section of hillside that has been partially excavated to reveal hundreds of fossilized bones.
We continued on our way to eat a quick lunch at Bryce Canyon, then headed out to Las Vegas for our last night on the road.
As I said, this was a gift from my parents, a firsthand glimpse of many things I had only seen before in school books, as well as many other places. Mom had done the planning and map-reading. All of this was well before anyone had imagined things like cell phones, internet information and GPS systems.
1960 was a year optimistic idealism. America had gone through a post war economic boom, we were about to elect a young idealistic president, cars had fins and Elvis was in the army.
Though three weeks is not long enough to understand a country as large as the USA, it was enough time to give me a greater appreciation of my heritage, and a feeling for the vastness and diversity of my country.
The people we visited in the green hills of Arkansas, in an old neighborhood of Cleveland, on the green manicured college campus near Philadelphia, and in the farm country of Nebraska, all were bound together, though their lifestyles varied.
While traveling across the deserts, mountains and plains, and glimpsing the big cities, I got a feeling about the people who made our history, and some hints about the modern people who live here.
We got a feeling about historical events from the American Revolution, to the Civil War, to the Westward movement while visiting historical sites.
We enjoyed the simple abundance of a generous Amish-style breakfast, the powerful spraying thunder of the Niagara, the impressive buildings and monuments of the capitol and the towering buildings and busy streets of NYC.
We had stood at the birthplace of Independence, traveled across the expansive miles of productive farmland, marveled the amazing excavation of dinosaur bones in the desert, and comprehended it all much better than we had before.
Crossing long distances between the old frontier to the west on a modern highway, made me marvel that people had traveled a similar route a hundred years before, crossing mountains, plains and deserts when there was only wilderness and no roads.
When I read or see stories of American history, I can visualize some of the places I saw in person.
The other result was, after I got married and had children, I knew it would be possible to drive back and forth across the country.
It was fourteen years later when my husband and I took four weeks, with two boys and a dog, seeing some of the same things and more . . . but that's another story.
Our average motel fee was about $12 per night. The cheapest one was $8.50. The highest two were a Hotel in New York City and a motel near Washington DC. for which we paid an outrageous sum of about $24 a night, each. Lodging totaled $217 for 15 nights. Six nights were free, thanks to friends in various places.
Gasoline averaged 25 cents per gallon, a notable high was in New Mexico at 38 cents. The car got about 17 miles per gallon. We probably spent less than $100 for gasoline, plus something for tire repairs.
Tickets for boat rides, attractiions and and admissions, were extras. From Mom's notes, It seems she pre-estimated a cost of about $660 for the trip including eating out infrequently.
We usually ate breakfast in the motel room. Cold cereal, canned fruit, with milk kept in our cooler. We picked up things like bread and sandwich makings on the way. Spending money on restaurants was not a priority.
It's true. We were lucky to have friends to stay with in so many places. Mom knew how to make things work. I appreciate your comments.
Thanks so much for your kind comments, Peggy W. It's always fun to compare memories and experiences. I do remember, especially, your recollections of Eureka Springs. After seeing the TV images of St. Patrick's Cathedral in the past couple of days, I can see they did a wonderful restoration. As I recalled it, the interior stonework was beautiful but quite dark -- probably from decades of candle smoke. I appreciate the share.
I absolutely loved reading this and via your memories relived some of mine as well. My parents drove from Wisconsin towards the east in 1959. We also saw Niagra Falls from both the Canadian and U.S. side. We did not spend as much time there however as you did.
In New York, we were fascinated by many of the same things...St. Patrick's Cathedral, riding the subway, experiencing the automat, Rockefeller Center (we actually saw a show with the Rockettes!), Statue of Liberty, Empire State Building, the United Nations, etc.
Many of your other memories from that trip also brought up different trip experiences of mine. From Eureka Springs, Arkansas to seeing the Saguaro Cactus, Oak Creek Canyon, the Continental Divide, etc.
What a joy to read! Nice that you got to pay that trip forward with your own children. Memories like that are precious. Will be sharing this!
And the desert is beautiful at dawn. Thanks for the comment, SGC.
What a great description of your trip - I can remember taking a similar one in the late 60s so I can totally relate to the "no air" thing and having to cross the desert in the night or early morning hours.
It was a very comfortable trip. Of course, I didn't have to change the tires.
I enjoyed reading about your trip! BTW, the 1959 Chevy Bel air is one of my favorite classic cars!
Thank you very much e-five. It was an experience which has stayed with me.
Brilliant. I think every American young person should take at least one driving trip across country. I was lucky enough to take four or five, plus one by train. This was in the days before Interstate highways were completed across the country (late 1960s, early 1970s), so there were still plenty of examples of small town life in vastly different regions of the country that I was exposed to.
Great memories, great hub. And fantastic pictures!
Thanks again. One thing about military life, it does get you moving around.
You might know that you had a spectacular lightening storm in Arkansas they have many of them. I use to live in Fort Niagara. Your trip reminded me of the trips we use to take as military brats. I remember going through the Holland tunnel after we got off the ship from Germany and were heading across the country to Texas.
My husband and I once owned a 1959 white chevy. I enjoyed your hub and voted up.
I can hear them, too, though I am now a long way away in time and space. I see from your prfile that you have an education background, and I will have to peek.
Oh, I so enjoyed this. I can still here the roar of the Falls in my imagination. Thanks for sharing all of this cool stuff!
Thank you, MsDora. It is something I still remember well, but I am glad I kept the diary. Some little details that tend to fade away are still worth remembering. I think that everyone who travels should keep a few daily notes. The experiences sometimes have a deeper meaning when you reflect on them years later.
Rochelle, your trip was not bookless at all. Perhaps you did not read one, but you wrote one and it is full of interesting days. Glad you saved the memories and thank you for sharing.
Thank you , gerorgialgal1984. Yes, they are long-ago memories, but ones that have stayed with me.
Thanks so much Patty Inglish,MS. I appreciate the comments and votes.
Thanks for sharing such good travel memories with the rest of us, Rochelle. Your photo at the top is lovely. Vote Up and across the board.
Lucky you, freecampingaussie. As I mentioned, we had already explore many of the Western States, so didn't take in places like the Grand Canyon, Yosemite and San Francisco where we had been before-- closer to home. Also some of our route was determined by wanting to visit some of the people we stayed with. There are so many wonderful places to see, When my husband and I did a cross country trip we also saw Cape Cod, Boston, Gettysburg, Newport and many other places-- especially those connected with American history-- again we concentrated on the Eastern part of the nation. Thank you for reading and commenting, I will be looking for your travel hubs.
I will be voting you up for an interesting hub !This is like what we plan to do in August from New York across as we have a cruise booked in September . At the moment we are exploring Europe in a campervan !
A lot of ground? Yes, almost 7000 miles. I still can't believe that gasoline cost us only about $100, but in those days a hundred was a lot of money. I was trying to calculate how much it would cost for gas today, even with better gas mileage it would probably be over $1200-- and for motel rooms-(wow)!
Thank you, pinto2011. I took notes at the time.
Now this is what I call a travelogue, Rochelle. You certainly covered a lot of ground. And your images are perfect. Love that photo of you at the Empire State Building, you gorgeous thing!
Very nice, interesting, and well written chapter from your life. You have made it life like.
Thank You, Sherry. We had a wonderful time. Mom was a great map-reader, and Dad was a very good driver-- and tire-changer.
Thank you, carol777. This is the longest hub I ever wrote-- I tried to make it easy to skim. And yes, there are many wonderful things to see in this country.
What a great gift your parents gave to you, a young person just approaching adulthood. It's a delightful story, and what a lovely young lady you were.
Remarkable that you kept such a wonderful diary of your adventure. A nice experience and one that you got to see so many wonderful things. Great job. Voting up and pinning.
Thanks, billybuc. I think it was a great experience for expanding my consciousness before entering college. Traveling across the country by automobile give a literal "different perspective" from a flight that takes a few hours.
What a great journey. I love that you kept a diary of the trip. We had a '63 Impala and took it from Washington to Iowa...loved that trip as well, the windows down and the hot air streaming through the windows....thanks for the memories.


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text:
Q: show that collection of all sub-intervals of the form $(a,b]$ of $(0,1]$ is a semi field
Let $\Omega$ be the interval $(0,1]$. Let $S$ be the collection of all sub-intervals of the form $(a,b]$. Show that $S$ is a semi-field.

This seems pretty easy as I only need to show that $S$ follows the two properties of a semi-field:

*

*closed under finite intersection,

*for any $A\in S$, $A^c$ is a finite disjoint union of sets from $S$.

$S$ can simply be written as $$S=\{(a,b]:0<a<b\le1\}.$$
However, for the first property to hold I need to prove that $\phi$ (empty set) $\in S$ because it is possible to have an empty intersection of a finite number of sub-intervals. However, from the definition of $S$ I can't figure how to show this. Is it because $a\le b$ is a perfectly valid sub-interval (not $a<b$ as assumed)? That would solve this issue.

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Funko Pops in Hollywood with New Retail Location
New 40,000-square-foot retail location speaks to the entertainment-ification of brick-and-mortar stores.
License Global | Nov 18, 2019
Funko has opened up a 40,000-square-foot retail location in the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, Calif.
The massive store is designed to create engaging experiences for fans with Instagram-worthy photo opportunities and games. Funko's new retail location features life-size versions of Pop! figures including the likes of Fred Flintstone, Thanos, Captain Crunch, Batman and Superman. During the ribbon-cutting event for the store, Brian Mariotti, chief executive officer, Funko, detailed the work that went into creating the location as a place for fans to come together to celebrate the collectibles.
"I can't tell you how many people worked their tail off over the last year to build this thing," says Mariotti. "[Fans] are going to love it; it's all for [them]. This is absolutely all about how much we love our Funko fans and is all about giving them experiences and helping them be part of one of the most amazing communities ever."
Funko was expecting the store to host as many as 2,000 customers in its grand opening on Nov. 18. The company developed a system to accommodate that foot traffic by only letting customers come into the shop 400 at a time in two-hour increments. While waiting for their turn in line, fans were treated to games and photo-ops across the street in a rented-out parking lot.
The Hollywood location is Funko's second retail location, following the launch of another store next to the Funko headquarters in Everett, Wash. Both stores speak to the growing trend of companies using retail space as a physical entertainment venue to promote the brand. Considered "retail-tainment" locations, these shops are just as much an activity center as a store.
Funko's location is a few blocks from a similar retail experience from Line Friends, which opened up earlier this year. The Hollywood Line Friends store includes photo-ops and exclusive merchandise similar to Funko's new location.
The Hollywood store also continues Funko's continued growth in recent years. Building on the success of its licensed Funko Pop! collectibles, the company has evolved to include new retail locations, cosmetics, video games and potentially a movie in the near future.
TAGS: Direct-to-Retail Funko
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