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Home » Historians' Watch
The Racist History of Jamaica's Obeah Laws
By Diana Paton on July 4, 2019 in Historians' Watch
In early June, Jamaica's Minister of Justice, Delroy Chuck, suggested that the government might repeal the 1898 Obeah Act. The Act makes it illegal to be a 'person practising Obeah', which it defines as: 'any person who, to effect any fraudulent or unlawful purpose, or for gain, or for the purpose of frightening any person, uses, or pretends to use any occult means, or pretends to possess any supernatural power or knowledge.'
The backlash was swift. Many Jamaicans vocally stated their opposition to repeal, on the grounds that obeah is evil. Chuck qualified his statement, and Prime Minister Andrew Holness announced that his government would 'not be distracted' by discussions of obeah. Still, the debate has disturbed assumptions that the illegality of obeah is a settled question.
The divisions within Jamaica about the status of the law stem from the double meaning of the term. In everyday use, obeah names hostile spiritual practices that many Jamaicans fear. Yet the wording of the law and its historical use by the judicial system targets a much wider range of activities. Obeah was initially criminalised to protect slavery against uprisings; the current law was made to symbolise Jamaica's hostility to its African connections and to suppress poor people's religion.
Image of Ann Tuitt and Cornelius Jarvis. Part of a larger photograph of people serving prison sentences for obeah in the Antigua prison, 1905. TNA CO 152/287. Courtesy of The National Archives, UK.
Until the 1950s, Jamaicans were regularly prosecuted under the Obeah Act for all kinds of religious rituals. In the early 20th century, balm healers, Revivalists, Garveyites, and people who later joined with Leonard Howell to form Rastafari were all prosecuted for obeah, even though many of them were resolutely hostile to obeah themselves. Readers can examine evidence from hundreds of cases on my research website, Caribbean Religious Trials. A few obeah cases involved people trying to harm others, and some, especially in Kingston, involved efforts to defraud people. The vast majority did not. When police constables disguised themselves and sought out the help of those they wanted to prosecute for obeah, they told stories about ill health and problems with love, employment, or business, not about efforts to harm their enemies.
Over the last generation, many laws against obeah have been quietly repealed or revised away. Obeah was decriminalised in Anguilla in 1980, Barbados in 1998, Trinidad and Tobago in 2000, and St Lucia in 2004. In Guyana, the government last year announced its intention to remove the crime of obeah from the criminal code. In Jamaica, the last conviction for obeah that I found was that of Cindy Brooks, in 1964. The last arrest for obeah I located was in 1977.
Although the law is no longer used, in Jamaica, talk of its repeal produces concern. Obeah, as well as naming a broadly defined crime, is also a term for hostile spiritual practices that many Jamaicans fear. Yet those who think of obeah only as an active evil presence should look more carefully at what the Obeah Act prohibits and why.
Obeah was first made illegal in 1760, as part of a sweepingly repressive act passed in the aftermath of Tacky's Rebellion, the largest uprising of enslaved people in the 18th-century British-colonised Caribbean. The law was a direct response to the fact that the rebellion's leaders were advised by obeah men who attempted to give them courage, solidarity, and spiritual protection. Along with prohibiting enslaved people from holding weapons and restricting their ability to congregate, the law made obeah a crime punishable by death if done by any 'Negro or other slave'. Those prosecuted under it were enslaved people whose actions damaged slavery, either because they were aimed directly at slaveholders or because they harmed other enslaved people – and thus might reduce the value of slaveholders' property.
The law against obeah lapsed with the end of slavery in 1834. The Jamaican government, like other Caribbean governments, acted quickly to ensure that obeah remained a crime. The 1833 Vagrancy Act prohibited obeah. The first stand-alone Obeah Act, passed in 1854, made obeah a crime punishable by flogging and imprisonment. It equated obeah with 'myalism', thus defining obeah not just as acts meant to cause harm but as connected more broadly to religions with African origins.
Further changes to the law took place in 1857, 1892, and 1893, before stabilising in the Obeah Act 1898. This legislation, with minor amendments, remains in force today. The 1898 act was intended to make it easier to secure convictions. It maintained the equation of obeah and myalism, and defined the crime of being a 'person practising obeah' as: any person who, to effect any fraudulent or unlawful purpose, or for gain, or for the purpose of frightening any person, uses, or pretends to use any occult means, or pretends to possess any supernatural power or knowledge.
Even more important, the 1898 act introduced the legal category of the 'Instrument of Obeah', which it defined extraordinarily broadly as "any thing used, or intended to be used by a person, and pretended by such person to be possessed of any occult or supernatural power". The burden of proof now fell on those in possession of an 'instrument of obeah' to prove that they were not practising obeah.
Image from May Robinson, "Obeah Worship in East and West Indies", Folk-Lore: A Quarterly Review of Myth, Tradition, Institution & Custom 4 (1893). Wikimedia Commons.
In one typical case from 1928, Zachariah Kerr of Westmoreland received a nine-month prison sentence for practising obeah. The evidence against him was that Kerr had told another man that he could cure him, gave him a bottle of salt water, lit three lamps, spoke in an 'unknown tongue', suggested that the man seeking help join his church, and accepted five shillings. Norman W. Manley took the case to the appeal court, but lost. The judge concluded that Kerr's actions did contravene the obeah law: the 'unknown tongue' (supernatural power), the salt water (instruments of obeah), and the five shillings (for gain) between them satisfied the legal requirements.
This sweeping definition could theoretically apply to almost any form of religious activity that makes use of material objects and where religious specialists accept financial contributions. The Caribbean Court of Justice recently ruled, in its 2018 decision on the gendered clothing law in Guyana, that broad and vague wording of colonial-era laws is unconstitutional. It decided that a law so vague that its application is arbitrary breaches the rule of law. Similar criticisms could be made of the Obeah Act.
In practice, the law was used almost exclusively against poor Jamaicans, mostly black but also sometimes Indian. This was not accidental. Those who supported harsh obeah laws, including many middle-class Jamaicans, intended that the law should intervene broadly in everyday cultural life to wean Jamaicans away from beliefs and practices understood as connected to Africa. For instance, an anonymous correspondent in the Gleaner in 1890 called for a harsher obeah law, complaining that belief in obeah was "an indelible stigma on the land we live in". One context for the tightening of the law was the increasing power of independent black-led religious movements, including Bedwardism and Revivalism. The law's supporters also wanted to prove to the outside world – and specifically, to observers from Britain and the United States – that Jamaica was a 'civilised', 'modern' place, by which they meant that its people rejected their connection to Africa, their blackness.
The experience of Smith's Village, a poor West Kingston community that was home to many adherents of the African-Christian Revival religion, shows how this worked in practice. (Smith's Village was rebuilt in the 1930s and renamed Denham Town.) Police repeatedly raided the area during the first third of the nineteenth century, arresting Revivalists for obeah. In one obeah case the sentencing magistrate made the connection to Revival explicit. He sent four people to prison with the words: 'I shall keep you at a place where you won't have any revival for some time.'
The primary function of Jamaica's Obeah Act has been to reinforce class and race hierarchies. Repeal would make little difference to everyday life, because the act is never used. But it would indicate that the country no longer endorses a law initiated to protect slavery and renewed to symbolise Jamaica's hostility to its African connections. It would be a rejection of cultural colonialism.
This article was first published in the Jamaica Gleaner and is republished here with their permission.
Diana Paton is William Robertson professor at the University of Edinburgh. She is the author of The Cultural Politics of Obeah (2015).
For those following the obeah debate in Jamaica and interested in reading more: here is an initial #obeahsyllabus (starting with but not limited to my work). Thanks to publishers who have made much of my work (temporarily) free to access [THREAD]
— Diana Paton (@diana_paton) June 18, 2019
Three chapters of Diana Paton, The Cultural Politics of Obeah (Cambridge University Press, 2015)are free for a limited period. Chapters 5 and 6 (free access) are based on analysis of all the obeah arrests and trials reported in the Jamaica Gleaner and the Port of Spain Gazette from 1890-1939 and show how everyday activities prosecution was used.
Diana Paton's research on obeah can be explored further online at Caribbean Religious Trials. Notes on the trials themselves, and some transcripts, are in this database, so people can do their own research. Obeah Histories also tells some of the stories of thousands of people in the Caribbean subject to prosecution for their religious and spiritual healing practice.
On the first law against obeah, passed in 1760: Diana Paton, "Witchcraft, Poison, Law, and Atlantic Slavery." The William and Mary Quarterly 69, no. 2 (2012): 235-64.
On why laws against obeah are so hard to shift, especially compared to other restrictions on religious freedom: Diana Paton, "Obeah Acts: Producing and Policing the Boundaries of Religion in the Caribbean", Small Axe 13 (2009), 1-18.
Diana Paton and Maarit Forde eds., Obeah and Other Powers: The Politics of Caribbean Religion and Healing (Duke University Press, 2012).
Four important articles by Jerome Handler on obeah, two of them with Kenneth Bilby, are available here. Handler and Bilby show that before c. 1760 the implications of the term 'obeah' were generally positive or neutral.
Bilby and Handler document the development of obeah law across the Caribbean in Enacting Power: The Criminalization of Obeah in the Anglophone Caribbean, 1760–2011 (University of the West Indies Press, 2012)
Vincent Brown on the 'Spiritual Terror' used in Jamaica to try to awe enslaved people, and their counter-practice of obeah: "Spiritual Terror and Sacred Authority in Jamaican Slave Society", Slavery & Abolition 24 (2003), 24-53.
On a similar period, Sasha Turner examines poison and obeah accusations during slavery alongside each other: "The Art of Power: Poison and Obeah Accusations and the Struggle for Dominance and Survival in Jamaica's Slave Society", Caribbean Studies 41 (2013), 61-90.
J. Brent Crosson argues, based on ethnographic fieldwork in Trinidad, that obeah today is a 'justice-making technology': "What Obeah Does Do: Healing, Harm, and the Limits of Religion", Journal of Africana Religions 3 (2015), 151-76.
Highlights of this special issue of Atlantic Studies on 'Obeah: Knowledge, Power and Writing in the Early Atlantic World' include Katherine Gerbner 'They Call me Obea', on obeah in Moravian-influenced communities in Jamaica in the 1750s.
Randy M. Browne, "The "Bad Business" of Obeah: Power, Authority, and the Politics of Slave Culture in the British Caribbean", The William and Mary Quarterly 68 (2011), 451-80.
For comparative perspective, Kate Ramsey's The Spirits and the Law: Vodou and Power in Haiti (University of Chicago Press, 2011) shows the similar but different legal/cultural/moral trajectory of Vodou.
And for early classic articles, see: Donald W.Hogg, "Magic and "Science" in Jamaica", Caribbean Studies 1 (1961): 1-5 and W. F. Elkins, "William Lauron DeLaurence and Jamaican Folk Religion", Folklore 97 (1986), 215-18.
This article was updated soon after publication on 4 July 2019.
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The King Street drinking spot is advertising "flexible hours"
One of Derby's oldest pubs is looking for new members of staff to join the team behind the bar.
The Seven Stars pub, in King Street, is advertising "flexible hours" for several part-time vacancies to fill 30 hours per week.
However, a member of staff behind the bar said one person could fill all 30 hours if they fit the bill.
A sign fixed to the bar says previous experience in the trade is "preferred but not essential".
Derby historian Maxwell Craven writes in his book, Derby Through its Streets , that the "vernacular brick house" has stood in its King Street spot since 1680.
Mr Craven says the building has been known as the Seven Stars pub since the 1770s.
He points out that the Old Crown Derby Works stood beside the pub from 1849 to 1935, but was demolished in the 1970s.
You can read more about Derby's drinking scene by catching up with our resident beerhunter Colston Crawford's latest column.
If working behind a bar isn't your scene, there are plenty more jobs to be found on our very own site Fish 4 Jobs.


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The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance – the Most Horrifying Moments
By M445P on 24/10/2019 • ( Leave a comment )
People often forget that not everything Jim Henson created was cute and cuddly. In fact, nothing could be further than the truth when it comes to 1982's The Dark Crystal, a puppet-driven fantasy horror about a tribe of reptilian overlords known only as 'The Skeksis', who are eventually overthrown by the last remaining survivor of a long-forgotten genocide.
The Dark Crystal was very much of its time, so it came as somewhat of a surprise when Netflix announced they were reviving the brand for a prequel series that would explore the years leading up to the events of the movie, all while maintaining the authentic look and design of the original.
If you've taken the time to sit and watch The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance then you'll understand just why we needed to make this list, and why dropping it around Halloween was the most logical choice. Whereas the Dark Crystal movie could be considered a dark fantasy, the prequel is sheer nightmare fuel in places – much of which will be far too scary for younger audiences, and in some cases will even give mummy and daddy a sense of dread.
So without further delay, we suggest you scroll down and begin the list – but if you're of a weak disposition then having a cushion handy to hind behind might be a good idea.
"GIVE THE CRYSTAL YOUR FEAR"
How many puppet shows have you seen recently that use murder to further their story? The answer is probably none. But murder is an essential part of The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance, and is a key plot point in the very first episode as the true nature of the dirty Skeksis is revealed. Fans of the original movie won't be shocked by what these beasts are capable of, but the sheer pleasure they take in murdering a helpless young Gelfling in order to drain her of her very essence is a truly harrowing moment.
"THIS PEEPER BEETLE FOUND ONLY IN CRYSTAL DESERT. WE KEEP STARVED. HUNGRY BEETLE LIKES THE SOFT MEATS. FAVOURITE IS ROUND, WET EYES"
It only took two episodes for The Dark Crystal writers to lay their cards firmly on the table. Not only would Age of Resistance be a dark fantasy, but it would also feature moments of true horror and our first true glimpse of this came when the unforgiving Skeksis Emperor chooses to punish Scientist for his part in the escape of Rian; the Gelfling who knew too much.
So what punishment did Emperor feel was befitting of Scientist's crime? How does allowing a very hungry beetle to eat his eyeball sound? This is a truly gruesome and frightening moment as we watch with our hands over our own peepers as Scientists eyelids are prised open leaving him prone and vulnerable to Emperor's "permanent discipline".
"YOU'RE COMING WITH ME!"
Hands up if you thought quicksand would be a much bigger problem in your adult life than it actually turned out to be. There was a time when you couldn't have a fantasy movie without quicksand, and its presence almost certainly spelled doom for anyone who was foolish enough to step into it. In the world of Age of Resistance, there is something even more terrifying than quicksand – the dreaded pit of Gobbles.
A hungry, piranha-like plant, the Gobbles appear during the first encounter between heor Rian, his father and the wild Hunter Skeksis who has been summoned to bring the Gelflings back to the Skeksis lair for punishment (i.e. death). After a brief scuffle, Rian is able to send Hunter falling into the pit, but not before Hunter grabs Rian's father and drags him to Hell with him. It is a horrifying scene to watch these hundred hungry mouths chomping away on both Skeksis and Gelfling alike, but when Hunter leaps out from the belly of the beast we finally see how formidable this monster is going to be, and he isn't about to let anything stop him – even death!. More on that later.
"I AM THE ASCENDANCY"
When the Skeksis and their allies the Arathim descend upon the Stonewood Clan of Gelflings we think its to exact some kind of bloody vengeance for daring to stand up to the Skeksis. But the real plan is far more frightening, as it is revealed in the closing moments of episode 7.
Instead of death, the plan here is full assimilation of the Gelflings, with their very own All-Maudra Princess Tavra leading the charge, carrying with her – literally upon her person – a small army of creatures known as Threaders that she unleashes upon Stoneywood allowing this creepy crawlies to scurry up onto the unsuspecting Gelfling's faces and attach themselves like Facehuggers, turning the once vibrant community into mindless zombies. Even more terrifying perhaps though is the end game, as the enslaved clan slowly makes its way to the Skeksis lair to fill their larders with their own bodies in preparation for feeding time.
"I HAVE STRAPPED SCORES OF GELFLING INTO THESE VERY CHAIRS. AND I WAS EQUALLY UNMOVED BY THEIR SCREAMS"
As the helpless Gelfling's wake from their zombie-like state, they find themselves strapped into chairs, a drooling Skeksis towering over them in readiness for the Hell that is to come. They struggle to escape their chains but there is no hope. In one final, chilling moment, a Gelfling soldier begins to plead to Scientist for mercy but is met with easily one of the most horrifying lines in the entire series: "The only mercy I have left to offer … is death". And death follows
"THE FIBROUS VISCERA CONTINUE TO REJECT REVIVIFICATION"
When skekTEK – the now one-eyed Scientist – is gifted the carcass of an Arathim in order to create a new breed of super-soldier, he quickly begins to explore its unusual physiology. He jolts it with electricity and wonders at how the limbs of the dead creature seem to come back to life with each jolt. But quickly he becomes impatient, unable to make the decaying flesh bend to his will.
As skekTEK becomes more and more infuriated his examination increases in fervour causing the corpse in front of him to kick and contort as if it were alive – and then, with one revolting squelch, he penetrates an organ causing a thick, green liquid to spurt from the Arathim directly into his own mouth. For a moment it seems like Scientist enjoys the experience, before quickly vomiting all over the floor at his feet.
This is a true Reanimator moment for Age of Resistance and is every bit as gory and wretch-inducing as the incredible body-horror movies of the 1980s.
"I AM SKEKTEK, THE SCIENTIST! I AM A MASTER OF LIFE AND DEATH."
It is not only the poor Gelfling who feel the wrath of the Skeksis. For years the reptilian oppressors have kept their own slaves within the castle, forcing them into sub servitude and ensuring their silence by stitching their mouths closed. So when two of these slaves, known as Gruenaks, finally decide to stand up for themselves it gives the audience a rare feeling of triumph as good finally gets one over on evil. But this moment is only fleeting. Despite their very best efforts to defeat their captor, Scientist eventually manages to regain the upper hand and begins to exact bloody and unrelenting revenge – a murder so horrific the camera has to pan away to save us from witnessing such a brutal act.
"WE. CAN. NOT. DIE."
After escaping the Gobbles, skekMAL the Hunter finally tracks down his quarry hiding in the desert. After a near-fatal run-in with a Mystic, he drags his half-dead body back to the Castle of the Crystal barely making it to his fellow Skeksis before slumping on the ground.
Several failed attempts to revive him by draining Gelfling essence eventually lead to Mother Aughra sacrificing herself to save the remaining Gelfling, surmising that only her essence will be enough to bring skekMal back from the brink of death. Although extracting Aughra's essence seems to be a success, it, in fact, fails to revive the now deceased Hunter causing panic among the remaining Skeksis that the lies they have spread about their own immortality may be uncovered by their enemies.
For more than an episode, the body of Hunter hangs suspended in the Castle of the Crystal as a tribute to their fallen comrade. But skekMAL isn't dead – only dormant. This is first revealed with a quick twitch of his left hand, but any doubt it laid to rest as he quickly and suddenly bursts back to life in the laboratory of the Scientist like Frankenstein's monster. If your small ones had managed to make it this far into Age of Resistance, then the resurrection of skekMAL – a genuine scene straight out of every slasher movie of the 1980s – may be the tipping point that has them cowering behind the sofa.
"THEY'RE RUNNING AWAY"
Of all the horrors experienced across all 10 episodes, perhaps none compares to the real horror that comes with the season finale. Much of the episode centres on the Gelfling's last stand against the Skeksis oppressors at Stonewood, concluding with a Skeksis retreat after Deet harnasses the power of the Darkening, using it to cause Skeksis Collector to explode in a blaze of grotesque pink gooey glory.
But what feels like a triumph, like a truly happy end to the saga, only foreshadows what is to come. Any Dark Crystal fan worth their salt knows how all of this truly ends. Let us not forget that the 1982 movie doesn't open with a Thra full of life, or happiness, or Gelfling. The war is far from over, and although Netflix and the Henson Group have given us this moment of happiness, the true conclusion is yet to come and it will be one of pain and suffering and death.
Do not be fooled. The Skeksis' time will come. But not before they wipe out almost all life from the planet in their neverending bid for immortality.
Can you think of any more terrifying moments from the first season of The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance? Let us know in the comments.
Categories: Entertainment, Lists, TV, Film & Streaming
Tagged as: 2019 TV, jim henson, netflix, The Dark Crystal, TV List
Super Box Land Demake – Nintendo Switch Review
Ghost Blade HD – Nintendo Switch Review
Published by M445P
Founding member of the Cult of Nintendo Thumb. Troll Hunter by night, Candy Crush Saga God by day. Published online for over 12 years and I'm still not famous.	View all posts by M445P

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Apple's Photos isn't too great, Adobe's Lightroom requries a subscription, Sony's Edit is quite lacking in feature. After some searching around, I settled for PhaseOne's Capture One, and it's free, for Sony (or Fujifilm) cameras.
Some features are only available in the pro version, which is available as pay-once or subscription, but the free version is already very feature rich, and includes asset management, raw editing and more. And it's quite easy to use.
This picture was taken under dim sodium light, handheld, with ISO 6400, and edited slightly (and not very skillfully) in CaptureOne Express.
Here a 1:1 cutout of the original, converted to JPEG with Apple's Preview.
One click to adjust white balance, a bit of playing with auto-exposure and the curves to change the light, and adjust noise reduction a bit.


After a decade of swings and misses, Microsoft finally threw the smartphone towel and is exiting the business. I have discussed this many time over the last decade. Microsoft has wanted to win in the wireless space for so long. So, why did they fail and are they gone for good? I don't think so.
They started with regular cellphones then moved to smartphones over more years than I can count. With their powerful brand name and numbers of corporate and individual customers, it should have been a natural success story.


Solo show at the Work Gallery for the 53rd Ann Arbor Film Festival. Pieces on show were: Square Ball, Purple Tinged Pearl Buttoned Bangled Billy and They Upped Their Game After The Oranges. Great time had by all. Heart swelling immeasurably.
Words from the Ann Arbor Film Festival...The 53rd Ann Arbor Film Festival: Brought to you by the letter "J".With Jesse McLean, Julie Murray, Joanna Raczynska, Jane Cassidy and Jill Godmilow.


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Un agitador magnético consiste de una pequeña barra magnética (llamada barra de agitación) que normalmente está cubierta por una capa de plástico (usualmente teflón) y una placa debajo de la que se encuentra un imán rotatorio o una serie de electroimanes dispuestos en forma circular a fin de crear un campo magnético rotatorio. Es muy frecuente que tal placa tenga un montaje de resistencias eléctricas con la finalidad de dotarle del calor necesario para calentar algunas soluciones químicas. Durante la operación de un agitador magnético típico, la barra magnética de agitación (también llamada coloquialmente pulga, mosca, frijol o bala magnética) es deslizada dentro de un contenedor ya sea un matraz o vaso de precipitados -de vidrio de borosilicato preferentemente- conteniendo algún líquido para agitarlo. El contenedor es colocado encima de la placa en donde los campos magnéticos o el imán rotatorio ejercen su influencia sobre el recubierto y propician su rotación mecánica.

Historia
Arthur Rosinger, originario de Newark, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos, obtuvo la patente 2.350.534 con el nombre de agitador magnético, el 6 de junio de 1944, habiéndose registrado su primera aplicación a partir del 5 de octubre de 1942. La patente contiene una descripción detallada de la barra magnética recubierta colocada dentro de un contenedor, accionada por la influencia magnética de otro imán colocado debajo de la base de soporte. Rosinger también explica en su patente que el recubrimiento del imán agitador ("pulga") debería ser de vidrio o porcelana a fin de hacerlo químicamente inerte.

El recubrimiento plástico de la barra fue independientemente creado por Edward McLaughlin empleado de los laboratorios Torpedo Experimental Establishment (TEE), localizados en Greenock, Escocia, quien nombró precisamente a la barra de agitación, como "pulga" debido a que comenzaba a saltar rápidamente cuando la velocidad de rotación se elevaba de manera importante.

Una patente anterior para una mezcladora magnética es la número 1.242.493 extendida el 9 de octubre de 1917 a nombre de Richard H. Stringham de Bountiful, Utah, Estados Unidos. La mezcladora de Stringham usaba electroimanes estacionarios en la base, a diferencia del imán permanente del modelo original, que para accionar la barra magnética, se hacía girar mediante un motor eléctrico.

El primer agitador magnético multipunto fue desarrollado por Salvador Bonet de la compañía SBS en 1977. También introdujo la rotación con la potencia necesaria para agitar "litros de agua", convertido en estándar hoy en día.

Ventajas
Los agitadores magnéticos son preferibles en lugar de los de mecanismo de engranajes debido a que son más silenciosos, más eficientes, y no tienen partes móviles que puedan romperse o desgastarse (únicamente la barra de agitación en sí misma). Debido a su pequeño tamaño, la barra de agitación es más fácil de limpiar y esterilizar que otros aparatos de agitación.

Las agitadoras magnéticas resuelven dos problemas mayores al usarse en lugar de los agitadores motorizados. Primero, los agitadores motorizados requieren el uso de lubricantes, que en un momento dado pueden contaminar los reactivos. Segundo, en un agitador motorizado puede ser un problema el sellar herméticamente la conexión mecánica rotatoria del agitador motorizado en el caso de tratarse de un sistema cerrado (porque requiera regulación ambiental o por tratarse de un proceso en el cual debe haber ausencia de polvo, agua u oxígeno).

Desventajas
El agitador magnético también tiene sus desventajas. Así, las limitadas dimensiones de la barra de agitación significan que no puede ser utilizado más que para experimentos a nivel de laboratorio (a pequeña escala o en análisis químicos). Además, los líquidos viscosos o suspensiones espesas, son muy difíciles de agitar por este dispositivo, aunque existen algunos modelos con imanes especiales que consiguen este objetivo.

Imán del agitador

Un imán de agitador magnético o barra de agitación es una pequeña barra magnética o imán utilizado para remover una mezcla líquida o disolución, cuando se coloca dentro de un recipiente dispuesto sobre un agitador magnético, por lo general en un laboratorio.

Funcionamiento
El movimiento circular de la barra imantada es impulsado por otro imán o conjunto de electroimanes (es decir, bobinas), ubicados debajo de la superficie sobre la que se apoya la vasija que contiene el líquido y que poseen un movimiento de rotación, cuya velocidad se puede controlar. Puesto que el vidrio no afecta apreciablemente a un campo magnético (es transparente al magnetismo), y la mayoría de reacciones químicas tienen lugar en recipientes de vidrio (vasos de precipitados, matraces Erlenmeyer, etcétera), estas barras de agitación magnética funcionan bien en esos recipientes de vidrio.

Estructura
Estas barras imantadas suelen estar recubiertas de teflón, o con menos frecuencia de vidrio. Los revestimientos de vidrio se utilizan para metales alcalinos líquidos (excepto lejía, que corroe el vidrio), y disoluciones de metales alcalinos en amoníaco. Ambas capas son químicamente inertes y no contaminan ni reaccionan con la mezcla de reacción que están en su interior.

Tienen forma de barra alargada con sección octogonal, y con frecuencia circular, aunque existe una variedad de formas especiales para una agitación más eficiente. La mayoría de las barras de agitación tienen un reborde alrededor del centro (llamado anillo de pivote) sobre el que se apoyan al girar. Los más pequeños sólo miden unos pocos milímetros de largo y los más grandes pueden tener una longitud de unos pocos centímetros.

Recuperador de imanes de agitador
Un recuperador de imanes de agitador está formado por un imán adherido al extremo de una varilla larga (generalmente recubierta con teflón), que se puede utilizar para capturar o recuperar la barra de agitación del interior del recipiente.

Un agitador magnético puede ser tan simple como un imán girando, debajo del recipiente que contiene la barra de agitación. La mayoría de agitadores magnéticos hacen girar sus imanes con un motor eléctrico, y algunos también tienen un elemento de calefacción.

Las barras de agitación trabajan mejor con cantidades de líquido relativamente pequeños (unos pocos litros de volumen como máximo) que no sean muy viscosos. Para volúmenes más grandes o líquidos más viscosos, suele ser necesaria alguna clase de agitación mecánica.

Véase también
 Placa calefactora

Referencias bibliográficas

Enlaces externos

 Construye tu agitador magnético
 Barras de agitación de diversos tamaños y diseños. Lab depot Inc.

Material de laboratorio de química
Equipamiento de laboratorio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Świętno – zamknięty przystanek kolejowy i ładownia, dawniej stacja kolejowa we wsi Świętno w woj. wielkopolskim, w powiecie wolsztyńskim, w gminie Wolsztyn.

Linki zewnętrzne

Stacje i przystanki kolejowe w gminie Wolsztyn
Świętno (województwo wielkopolskie)


The Royal Coachman Lodge, a fishing lodge in Alaska, sits on the banks of the Nuyakuk river.
Overlooking our home pool and catering to a maximum of 10-12 anglers per week (and private groups up to 12) and having 10-12 people on staff makes this Alaska Lodge one of the best. This small number of guests and large staff helps to ensure that you will have the maximum amount of personal service and attention that this truly world class fishing adventure offers.
The fishing Lodge in Alaska houses the kitchen, dining room and lounge, library corner, one guest room with a private bath, and massage room. Comfortable and cozy, this is where you will plan each following days excursions. You and your guides will sit around the fire, and decide what type of fishing you would like to do, and plan the details of tomorrow's outing. There is no pre-scheduled fishing program here. Custom tailoring each day's fishing is one of the major advantages to our small and personal approach to sportfishing. The Royal Coachman Lodge in Alaska has been serving guests since 1970. Our philosophy and attention to detail has set the standard that others try to attain. It's our trademark and we're proud of it!
This is a cedar cabin with two bedrooms, bathroom, and private living room. This is a favorite cabin for families.
The Duplex is a favorite for groups of 4. With 2 private bathrooms, 2 bedrooms with single beds or convertible into one King, and a private living room, it is our largest cabin.
A nice private cedar cabin with a bedroom with two single beds, a bathroom, and small mud room for changing.
A private cedar cabin for a single fisherman, or someone looking for their own privacy. It is a one room cabin.
Our bedroom in the lodge has a double bed, and a single bed, and a bathroom. It is nice and convenient as it is in the lodge.
Breakfast is served in the main lodge around 7:00, and coffee, and tea are set out at 6 a.m. just to help take the edge off while you get ready for breakfast and the day. Lunch is served streamside, sometimes pre-packed and often times prepared by your guide on site. Dinner is served in the Lodge at 7:30 p.m.
When it comes to the fishing, there are no routines! Its whatever you and your group want to do, and wherever you want to go, totally your preference. The aircraft and guides are ready to leave the docks about one half hour after everyone is done with breakfast, usually between 8:00-8:30 a.m. We return to the Lodge each evening about 6:00 p.m. There is great evening fishing in front of the Lodge for those who just can't get enough of a good thing, and with the Alaskan midnight sun you can fish all night if you want.
The Royal Coachman Lodge, a fishing lodge in Alaska, prides itself on the quality and abundance of the food that is available to its guests. Freshly baked bread, rolls, and pastries are served at each lodge meal. Fresh fruit and vegetables are always available. Dinner menus vary but typically include New York steak, turkey, prime rib, Halibut, a variety of Alaskan seafood, and similar items. Lunches are prepared by the lodge kitchen staff and are often times supplemented by fresh fish cooked on the stream bank.
Homemade soups, breads, pastries, and desserts are the specialties of the house. Snacks are always available and we serve appetizers each evening. You won't find better food at any fishing lodge in Alaska.


text:
from django.utils import timezone
from .models import Post
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, redirect
from upload_form.models import FileNameModel
from django.conf import settings
import sys, os

# Create your views here.

UPLOADE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + '/../static/pdf/'

#Ccase class @method_decorator(login_required, name='dispatch')
@login_required
def post_list(request):
    posts = Post.objects.filter(published_date__lte=timezone.now()).order_by('published_date').reverse()[:5]
    return render(request, 'blog/post_list.html', {'posts':posts})

@login_required
def post_detail(request, pk):
    post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)
    return render(request, 'blog/post_detail.html', {'post': post})

@login_required
def school(request):
    return render(request, 'blog/school.html')

@login_required
def post_school(request, s_year):
    posts = Post.objects.filter(school_year=s_year).order_by('published_date').reverse()
    return render(request,'blog/post_school.html',{'posts':posts})

@login_required
def edit(request):
    if request.method != 'POST':
        return render(request,'blog/form.html')

    file = request.FILES['file']
    path = os.path.join(UPLOADE_DIR, file.name)
    destination = open(path, 'wb')

    for chunk in file.chunks():
        destination.write(chunk)

    insert_data = FileNameModel(file_name = file.name)
    insert_data.save()

    #title = request.POST.lists()
    #title = request.POST.values().__getitem__()

    print(title)

    return render(request, 'blog/complete.html')

def fin(request):
    return render(request, 'blog/complete.html')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Beautiful, soft and airy - they flutter with the slightly move. We offer is beautiful 5" to 6" long Ostrich feather fringe trim in 25 beautiful colors.
This stunning natural peacock feather fringe trim is made with the Peacock's herl feathers which are very fine and feathery. This feather fringe has striking colors that fall within a dark iridescent green, shimmy gold to a light iridescent green.
The feathers in this fringe are approximately 6" long.


text:
CRA Government Affairs
Computing Research Policy Blog
The Computing Research Association (or CRA) has been involved in shaping public policy of relevance to computing research for more than two decades. More recently the CRA Government Affairs program has enhanced its efforts to help the members of the computing research community contribute to the public debate knowledgeably and effectively.
Fiscal Year 2020 Appropriations May, Sort of, be Moving…Maybe…
October 23, 2019 /In: Funding, FY20 Appropriations, Policy, Research /by Brian Mosley
Regular readers of the Policy Blog will recall that we have been keeping track of the Fiscal Year 2020 appropriations process. The same readers will also remember that the bottleneck for completing the work on next year's Federal budget has been the Senate. This isn't unusual, the Senate's tradition of seeking compromise and agreement, between the majority and minority, means that the gears move much slower (in comparison, the House works as a relatively fast "majority rules" chamber).
But there is some good news on the horizon that signals movement on the stalled legislation. Senate Appropriations Chairman Richard Shelby (R-AL) has packaged four appropriations bills into a single piece of legislation and the Senate has taken the first procedural steps to consider the bill. To translate that for the layperson, the Senate is now considering whether to pass or reject this package of bills. If the chamber does pass it, that means the House and Senate can begin negotiating a final compromised bill, which can pass both chambers, and head to the President's desk to be signed into law.
The Senate package being considered contains the agriculture; interior; transportation and housing and urban development; and commerce, justice and science (CJS) bills. Of most importance to the computing community is the CJS bill, which contains funding for the National Science Foundation, NIST, and NASA (House and Senate numbers). All of these bills are viewed as noncontroversial. Should the legislation move, indications are that a packaged bill of defense, and labor and health and human service (Labor-HHS) would be next on the Senate's fast track; that would also be good news, considering research funding for the Defense Department (DOD) and NIH could then be finalized.
Now to put hopes into perspective: there are still many potential stumbling blocks. There is still no agreement, between the House and Senate, on the allocations for each appropriations bill (called 302(b) allocations). As well, there are major policy disagreements between the two chambers on defense funding, specifically about allowing DOD funds to be used for construction of the President's proposed border wall. And the Administration can only be described as a wildcard; their proposed budget, containing significant cuts, has been rejected by Congress again. Will that have an impact on signing funding legislation into law? While there's potential progress, there's still a lot of work to do before FY20 is done; keep checking back for updates.
Tags: CJS, Fiscal Year 2020, FY20, FY2020, National Science Foundation, nsf
Categories Select Category Action Alerts (3) American Competitiveness Initiative (101) Artificial Intelligence (2) COMPETES (8) Computing Community Consortium (CCC) (44) Computing Education (46) CRA (98) CS Education & IT Workforce Highlights (4) Cybersecurity R&D Highlights (3) Defense R&D Highlights (3) Diversity in Computing (42) Economic Stimulus and Recovery (16) Events (75) Funding (279) FY06 Appropriations (13) FY07 Appropriations (32) FY08 Appropriations (37) FY09 Appropriations (28) FY10 Appropriations (3) FY11 Appropriations (11) FY12 Appropriations (10) FY13 Appropriations (7) FY14 Appropriations (3) FY15 Appropriations (9) FY16 Appropriations (13) FY17 Appropriations (8) FY18 Appropriations (11) FY19 Appropriations (12) FY20 Appropriations (11) General (29) Impediments to Research Highlights (3) Information Technology R&D Highlights (4) Intelligent Infrastructure (1) Internet of Things Highlights (3) Misc. (56) People (177) Policy (352) R&D in the Press (112) Research (147) Security (39) STEM (22)
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President Intends to Nominate Computing Researcher Sethuraman "Panch" Panchanathan as Next Director of National Science Foundation
Final FY20 Appropriations: Mostly Increases for Research but There is Some Bad News
Budget Update: Got a Little Good News but More Bad News
Appropriations Update: Senate NSF Numbers are Out but the Endgame for FY20 is very, very complicated…
Appropriations Update: Senate NSF Numbers are Out but the Endgame for FY20 is... Budget Update: Got a Little Good News but More Bad News


text:
Keith Lee Debuts New Theme Song At WWE Survivor Series, First WWE TLC Promo Revealed (Videos)
- Above is the first promo for the 2020 WWE TLC pay-per-view. The event will air live on the WWE Network on December 20, from the WWE ThunderDome at Tropicana Field in Tampa Bay, Florida.
- Keith Lee debuted his new theme song at tonight's WWE Survivor Series pay-per-view. You can hear the new song in the Twitter video below. As noted, Lee was in a New York City recording studio several weeks back to record vocals for the song.
Lee wrestled on Team RAW (Lee, AJ Styles, Sheamus, Riddle, Braun Strowman) for tonight's 5-on-5 Traditional Elimination Match. They picked up a clean sweep over Team SmackDown (Jey Uso, Kevin Owens, King Baron Corbin, Seth Rollins, Otis).
Keith Lee new theme, NOW WE'RE TALKING #SurvivorSeries pic.twitter.com/79UBruXRsu
— D?????R???????A?????D???A (@2Sweet4Lyfe) November 23, 2020
RAW Defeats SmackDown At WWE Survivor Series, AJ Styles Reacts To Clean Sweep In Men's Match
WWE Icons Docuseries Revealed For 2021


text:
Featured in the Media
FULL BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Prophet's Pulpit
The Search for Beauty in Islam
The Great Theft
Reasoning with God
And God Knows the Soldiers
Speaking in God's Name
Islam and the Challenge of Democracy
The Place of Tolerance in Islam
Rebellion and Violence
OPINIONS AND EDITORIALS
LATEST LECTURES
All Lectures and Public Talks
THE USULI INSTITUTE
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Commentaries on the Qur'an (Tafsir)
FRIDAY KHUTBAHS (Latest)
FATWA'S (Non-binding Legal Opinions)
Letters to Dr. Abou El Fadl
What Muslims Believe
God and the Purpose of Creation
Submission to God
What is Shari'ah?
A Primer on Shari'ah and Islamic Law
Recommended Writings
Quotable Quotes on Shari'ah and Islamic Law
Food for Thought: Powerful Excerpts
Authority in Islam
Beauty and Spirituality
Clash of Civilizations Thesis
Democracy and Constitutionalism
Dogs in Islam
Egypt, the Middle East and the Arab Spring
Epistemology, Theology and Philosophy
Islamophobia, Racism and White Nationalism
Jihad, Rebellion and Violence
Muslim Minorities
The Qur'an, Ethics and Morality
THE SEARCH FOR BEAUTY
on beauty and reason in Islam
Derangements, Chapter 70, The Search for Beauty in Islam: A Conference of the Books
The books absorb the hours of the night, and the resonance of words expends the mind. This brain-mass has drowned in emotions more onerous than its comprehensions, and this heart has chased after longings that have always left it deserted. This is a mind at war with itself, with its time, and place. It aches to become unbounded in a paradise of love and poetry, but ends up banished to the wastelands of reality. It aches to hover in the heavens and intoxicate itself with rivers of beauty, but instead it is firmly implanted in the deserts of the earth. This is a mind that never had a childhood, adolescence, or adulthood, nor will it age – it has been simply decomposing since its birth. This mind has been born a Muslim, and with this came the truth of its fate—it is fated to watch the beauty of its tradition crumble, and the poetry of its civilization turn into profanity. This mind was born of a civilization that is thoroughly penetrated - punished, invaded, vanquished, and subjugated. A civilization whose passions have become neurotic fears – a civilization that contests its own existence.
As the hours progress, tired and drained, I feel that this body has endured to its capacity. My eyes can no longer make out the words as my eyelids insist on drawing the curtains on night. If only this body could understand that when I leave the Conference I dwell in derangements and mania, it would never surrender me. If only this body would realize what I see in my sleep, it would leave me in my mind's company. But every night I am confronted with the ultimatum of sleep, and when I resist, this body shuts down and leaves, and I am forced to confront the dreams. Nightmares are engagements at the extreme, and dreams are manipulations rooted in reality. But I can no longer differentiate between the two when I sleep. When awake I am salvaged and stabilized by the Conference, when asleep I teeter on the edge of unmitigated lunacy.
As I slipped in and out of consciousness at my desk, I finally surrendered and crawled to my bed. In a flash I saw Muslims rushing in long corridors, and meeting behind closed doors. They all gathered in an enormous lobby in the Biltmore Hotel, and everyone was yelling "brother, sister, brother, sister," everywhere I turned. Each one took the podium and extolled and thanked the other for being a leader and servant of the movement, and spoke at length about the importance of grassroots efforts, and Islam as a revolution against injustice and poverty wherever it may be. Every CEO of a company, medical doctor, politician, and non-Muslim in attendance was given an award for leading Muslims right into their grand destiny.
Suddenly, the Pokemans invaded the Biltmore Hotel, firing laser beams, maiming and burning everything in sight. In response, the Council of the Highest Learned and Enlightened Muslim Masters of the Universe thoroughly condemned the attack, and met to deliberate over the extent of the Zionist conspiracy. In another part of the land, the Israeli army was razing houses to the ground, and killing soccer players to save the free world from the terror of bombs. But the Council of the Highest Learned and Enlightened Muslim Masters of the Universe announced that, after engaging in a thorough review of the balance of dangers, it decided to confront the Pokeman evil. They issued volleys of fatwas that incinerated the Pokeman, and thoroughly defeated the Zionist conspiracy against Islam.
At that moment, the Buddha statues met in the heart of the night and conspired to sow the seeds for a great big civil strife. They decided to brainwash Muslims into spilling their brothers' blood, and to starve millions of refugees. But the undeniable power of jihad rose again, and a vicious battle defeated the infidel statues and scattered their remains across the lands.
It was then that we noticed that women were flocking to the graveyards, where their lure and seductions were raising the dead. But the council met again, and decided that since women are already dead in our consciousness, the dead should be banned from visiting the dead. However, before we could rest, the news arrived urgently. In a mosque in Toledo, the Zionists have conspired to tear down the curtains separating the women, and zombie-eyed females emerged from their coffins in a stampede firing seductions at unsuspecting men. For this, the Council decided to re-convene, but it could not agree on whether the Biltmore or the Bonaventure was a better place to meet.
The meeting on the fate of the Aqsa Mosque had to be postponed as well because we uncovered that the direction of the qiblah was most definitely wrong. But the qiblah meeting, itself, had to be postponed as well because Sharon had threatened to bring pigs to the Holy Mosque. After meeting in Washington D.C., the Council uncovered that Sharon's plot was far more sinister and profound than we had imagined previously. He had conspired to feed lard to every Muslim cow, and the Council, thank God, dealt with the problem by issuing a harshly worded condemnation of the anti-Islamic conspiracies. To thoroughly neutralize all the dangers, we decided to issue a new book on halal meat.
Before we could catch our breath, Indian troops invaded a village in Kashmir and raped every Muslim woman they could find. But we consoled ourselves because we responded by divorcing heretics from their wives. Tired and worn out, we decided to relax in a massive convention that will serve spicy Tikka and nice Biryani. We need to eat well and sleep for tomorrow, we have a long and arduous day confronting the world conspiracies of Pinkie and the Brain.
At that point I awake, and I pray in gratitude that this was nothing but my dreamt up derangements.
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Randi Korn & Associates, Inc. (2012). Program Evaluation: Art Around the Corner. Unpublished Manuscript. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art.
The National Gallery of Art (NGA) conducted a program evaluation of its long-standing initiative, Art Around the Corner (AAC). AAC is a set of programs that partners the NGA with Washington, DC-area Title I elementary schools to bring students into the NGA to engage in critical and creative thinking activites. The study explored the impact of AAC on the program's three primary audiences—fourth- and fifth-grade students, classroom teachers and principals, and families of students participating in the program. Additionally, the study assessed the implementation of short and long versions of the program and began to explore program outcomes to assist the NGA with future decision-making.
Evaluation findings demonstrate that the program provides valuable experiences to students, their teachers, and their families. The program is designed to cultivate creative and critical thinking dispositions, and observations show the program provides numerous opportunities for students to observe, describe, and hypothesize meanings for works of art using Harvard Project Zero's See/Think/Wonder strategy. During interviews, students who participated in the program applied some of these skills unprompted, suggesting they have begun to cultivate these thinking dispositions to varying degrees. Many students also spoke unprompted about the importance of expressing themselves personally, through art-making, sketching, or generating ideas. Thus, students demonstrated a notable level of comfort with and interest in the artistic process. Further, teacher interviews revealed the truly collaborative and organized nature of the program to successfully engage students with art.
Evaluation findings indicate the great potential of the program to achieve both program depth (long version) and breadth (short version); however, through reflection on the findings, NGA staff realized they are trying to accomplish too much and risk not accomplishing what they truly value—developing creative and critical thinking dispositions. Thus, NGA staff determined next steps, including: (1) specify and clarify what the program is trying to achieve by prioritizing and clarifying student indicators; and (2) reviewing program strategies and pre- and post-lesson materials to streamline the program and eliminate any strategies or lessons that do not support the intended outcomes. Collaboratively with staff, RK&A created a framework that staff can use to vet ideas for program growth, allowing the program to grow and change while remaining effective for students. In the end, staff concluded that reaching more students through the program is most important and will focus their efforts on achieving program breadth by expanding the program and experimenting with new versions of the program.
The evaluation process began with a series of workshops with NGA staff to create measurable audience outcomes and indicators. Before collecting data, RK&A secured permission from an Institutional Review Board and the local school district by preparing a detailed application package that included data collection instruments, consent forms, school permission letters, and proof of Human Subject Protection training for RK&A staff and contractors. For the evaluation, RK&A conducted gallery observations of the short and long versions of the program, student interviews, school staff interviews, and family member interviews to explore the program from various perspectives. All data are qualitative and underwent content analysis to identify trends and patterns.
This study assessed the implementation of each version of the program and began to explore (but not measure) program outcomes to assist the NGA in decision making when considering the future of AAC. Thus, findings are not meant to be generalizable beyond this program.
Which program strategies are most effective at developing students' thinking dispositions? Which pre-/post-lesson materials are essential for achieving impact with students in the galleries? What is the potential impact of a program like AAC on the families of participating students?


True to size. Got it for my mom for her bday and she LOVED it. This is an awesome cause and great quality!
I ordered a sweatshirt and it came really quickly! I love the whole idea of Pawz and what it represents! I love dogs and in any way I can help them I would in a heartbeat! Pawz is a great organization and they send emails with discount offers and many other possibilities. I love everything they have!


text:
That is particularly true in Northern Nevada, where the NV Citizens Helping Troops Project sends monthly care packages to Nevada military men and women around the globe.
"Our goal is to show them that we here at home, in the community, in businesses and in schools, that we as citizens of Nevada support them for what they do when they're deployed," said JoAnn Meacham, a Nevada Air National Guard lieutenant colonel and an employee at NV Energy.
Meacham and fellow NV Energy employee Melissa Fritz, a mother of a deployed airman, established the NV Citizens Helping Troops Project in 2011.
The pair were joined by about 60 volunteers from throughout the Northern Nevada community last week for a packing party at NV Energy. Tables filled with thousands of items ranging from books and magazines to snacks to powdered drink packets to DVDs to art supplies and fresh roasted coffee were packed into boxes along with handwritten cards of support.
These boxes will be mailed several dozen at a time each month to Nevada troops — National Guard, reserve or active duty military — who are deployed.
They are much appreciated, said Sgt. Timothy Hill, a Nevada Air National Guardsman who just returned from a deployment to Kuwait.
"When you're deployed, you're away from family and friends," Hill said. "Getting a care package in the mail ... it helps to bring a part of home. It's the thought that helps you get through the tough times being deployed."
Meacham, who served a six-month deployment in 2010 to New Kabul Compound, Afghanistan, as part of the Central Command Deployment Distribution Operations Center, said receiving a care package from home provides a little comfort and distraction from an often grinding deployment period.
She said while she and Fritz founded the organization, it is the citizen volunteers, schools, businesses and organizations who donate and collect all the care package items that make the NV Project work. Last week's packing party included people from all walks of life, including troops from Girl Scouts of Sierra Nevada who donated hundreds of boxes of cookies to the project.
Local business the Hub donated 1,000 pounds of ground coffee to be included in the care packages. The David J. Drakulich Art Foundation — named in memory of Army Sgt. David Drakulich, a 2003 Hug High School graduate who was killed in action in Afghanistan in 2008 — adopted the NV Project and donated art supplies to be included in the care packages.
Teachers and students from East Valley Elementary School in Fernley, representatives from the Blue Star Mothers, NV Energy employees and many others also took part in the activity.
"We have wonderful sponsors and volunteers," Meacham said.
Jessica Rice of the NV Project said packing parties generally are held twice a year, but donated items are accepted year-round. NV Energy provides a space at its headquarters on Neil Road where items are stored and brought out for the packing parties. The utility also helps cover the costs of shipping the care packages via U.S. Mail overseas.
Meacham said the NV Project is here to stay.
"We still do have a lot of folks in dangerous situations around the world," she said. "That is not going to stop, even though the war is drawing down. Our motto is as long as we have men and women in harm's way, we're going to be sending care packages to each of those men and women to let them know we still know what they're doing, we still value what they're doing and that we support them."
For more information, email JoAnn Meacham at jmeacham@nvnergy.com.
On RGJ.com
Click on this story at RGJ.com to see a video.


Perhaps one of the most well-known Chinese technology companies in the world, Huawei is a name that needs no introduction. The world's number one telecommunication equipment manufacturer, Huawei also happens to be the globe's second-largest smartphone maker. Add to that a diverse product portfolio and extensive R&D spending, and you've got a company that's a 'technological giant' in every sense of the phrase.
Now, there's no denying the fact that Huawei makes great smartphones. The company's newest Mate 20 Pro flagship, which recently launched in India, is one of the best top-tier smartphones you can buy right now. But, like all other OEMs out there, Huawei has to rely on Google when it comes to software running on its smartphone. That's because like all other OEMs out there, Huawei smartphones run Android. Well, that could change very soon.
If a new report fromGizmochina is to be believed, Huawei is actively developing its very own mobile operating system, which will eventually take the place of Android on all Huawei (and presumably Honor) smartphones.
The report cites Bruce Lee, Vice President of Huawei's Mobile Products, who seemingly confirmed via a Weibo post that Huawei's very own mobile OS is "under development".
As exciting as the news of Huawei's Android (and iOS) alternative is, we may not see the OS until a few years. Developing a new mobile operating system is no small task, especially when today's smartphone OS space is a duopoly of Apple and Google. Nonetheless, it'll be interesting to see what features Huawei's own mobile OS brings, whenever it comes out.


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The Sri Lanka tourism promotions bureau chief Rohantha Athukorala voiced at the inauguration of the Sri Lankan Pavilion on day one of the premier travel and tourism exhibition IBT in Berlin, we must not just play lip service to the ethos Private-Public partnership in the tourism industry but really work on a day to day basis.
On the advice of the minister of tourism we are launching a new business model where apart from the short and medium term tourism strategy that has been agreed by the ministry and the board of directors a monthly partnership model will done to play as a policy he said.
The monthly meeting will be initially at the tourism industry level where in each focus market- India, UK, China, Germany, France and Italy the top private-public sector stakeholders will analyze the visitor arrivals of last month and the bookings for the next three months and then the agreement on the promotional support in the near future with the tweaking will be discussed and agree for activation said Athukorala. This will give a great flexibility to understand the changes in the market place and what responses we need to have from Sri Lanka he said. Dr Athukorala headed the same mechanism as the 1st executive director of the National Council For Economic Development- NCED and he said this best practice will now be modeled to the Tourism industry for greater engagement and institutionalization of the working arrangement he said.
At the 2nd level we will have national meeting between the pivotal brand Sri Lanka development model between Sri Lanka tourism, tea board promotional arm and Sri Lankan airlines together with the Sri Lanka export development board said Athukorala so that synergies can be worked out for stronger brand promotions at a country level. This will be a high level meeting where the overall promotional budget will exceed a 10- 15 billion rupees. Once the structure is in play we will link to the national policy landing unit of the country just like the global best practices in Singapore and Malaysia voiced Athukoarala.


text:
namespace llvm {

class AsmPrinter;
class DIE;
class DwarfDebug;
class DwarfFile;
class MCSymbol;
class LexicalScope;

class DwarfCompileUnit : public DwarfUnit {
  /// The attribute index of DW_AT_stmt_list in the compile unit DIE, avoiding
  /// the need to search for it in applyStmtList.
  DIE::value_iterator StmtListValue;

  /// Skeleton unit associated with this unit.
  DwarfCompileUnit *Skeleton;

  /// The start of the unit within its section.
  MCSymbol *LabelBegin;

  typedef llvm::SmallVector<const MDNode *, 8> ImportedEntityList;
  typedef llvm::DenseMap<const MDNode *, ImportedEntityList>
  ImportedEntityMap;

  ImportedEntityMap ImportedEntities;

  /// GlobalNames - A map of globally visible named entities for this unit.
  StringMap<const DIE *> GlobalNames;

  /// GlobalTypes - A map of globally visible types for this unit.
  StringMap<const DIE *> GlobalTypes;

  // List of range lists for a given compile unit, separate from the ranges for
  // the CU itself.
  SmallVector<RangeSpanList, 1> CURangeLists;

  // List of ranges for a given compile unit.
  SmallVector<RangeSpan, 2> CURanges;

  // The base address of this unit, if any. Used for relative references in
  // ranges/locs.
  const MCSymbol *BaseAddress;

  /// \brief Construct a DIE for the given DbgVariable without initializing the
  /// DbgVariable's DIE reference.
  DIE *constructVariableDIEImpl(const DbgVariable &DV, bool Abstract);

  bool isDwoUnit() const override;

  bool includeMinimalInlineScopes() const;

public:
  DwarfCompileUnit(unsigned UID, const DICompileUnit *Node, AsmPrinter *A,
                   DwarfDebug *DW, DwarfFile *DWU);

  DwarfCompileUnit *getSkeleton() const {
    return Skeleton;
  }

  void initStmtList();

  /// Apply the DW_AT_stmt_list from this compile unit to the specified DIE.
  void applyStmtList(DIE &D);

  /// getOrCreateGlobalVariableDIE - get or create global variable DIE.
  DIE *getOrCreateGlobalVariableDIE(const DIGlobalVariable *GV);

  /// addLabelAddress - Add a dwarf label attribute data and value using
  /// either DW_FORM_addr or DW_FORM_GNU_addr_index.
  void addLabelAddress(DIE &Die, dwarf::Attribute Attribute,
                       const MCSymbol *Label);

  /// addLocalLabelAddress - Add a dwarf label attribute data and value using
  /// DW_FORM_addr only.
  void addLocalLabelAddress(DIE &Die, dwarf::Attribute Attribute,
                            const MCSymbol *Label);

  /// addSectionDelta - Add a label delta attribute data and value.
  DIE::value_iterator addSectionDelta(DIE &Die, dwarf::Attribute Attribute,
                                      const MCSymbol *Hi, const MCSymbol *Lo);

  DwarfCompileUnit &getCU() override { return *this; }

  unsigned getOrCreateSourceID(StringRef FileName, StringRef DirName) override;

  void addImportedEntity(const DIImportedEntity* IE) {
    ImportedEntities[IE->getScope()].push_back(IE);
  }

  /// addRange - Add an address range to the list of ranges for this unit.
  void addRange(RangeSpan Range);

  void attachLowHighPC(DIE &D, const MCSymbol *Begin, const MCSymbol *End);

  /// addSectionLabel - Add a Dwarf section label attribute data and value.
  ///
  DIE::value_iterator addSectionLabel(DIE &Die, dwarf::Attribute Attribute,
                                      const MCSymbol *Label,
                                      const MCSymbol *Sec);

  /// \brief Find DIE for the given subprogram and attach appropriate
  /// DW_AT_low_pc and DW_AT_high_pc attributes. If there are global
  /// variables in this scope then create and insert DIEs for these
  /// variables.
  DIE &updateSubprogramScopeDIE(const DISubprogram *SP);

  void constructScopeDIE(LexicalScope *Scope,
                         SmallVectorImpl<DIE *> &FinalChildren);

  /// \brief A helper function to construct a RangeSpanList for a given
  /// lexical scope.
  void addScopeRangeList(DIE &ScopeDIE, SmallVector<RangeSpan, 2> Range);

  void attachRangesOrLowHighPC(DIE &D, SmallVector<RangeSpan, 2> Ranges);

  void attachRangesOrLowHighPC(DIE &D,
                               const SmallVectorImpl<InsnRange> &Ranges);
  /// \brief This scope represents inlined body of a function. Construct
  /// DIE to represent this concrete inlined copy of the function.
  DIE *constructInlinedScopeDIE(LexicalScope *Scope);

  /// \brief Construct new DW_TAG_lexical_block for this scope and
  /// attach DW_AT_low_pc/DW_AT_high_pc labels.
  DIE *constructLexicalScopeDIE(LexicalScope *Scope);

  /// constructVariableDIE - Construct a DIE for the given DbgVariable.
  DIE *constructVariableDIE(DbgVariable &DV, bool Abstract = false);

  DIE *constructVariableDIE(DbgVariable &DV, const LexicalScope &Scope,
                            DIE *&ObjectPointer);

  /// A helper function to create children of a Scope DIE.
  DIE *createScopeChildrenDIE(LexicalScope *Scope,
                              SmallVectorImpl<DIE *> &Children,
                              unsigned *ChildScopeCount = nullptr);

  /// \brief Construct a DIE for this subprogram scope.
  void constructSubprogramScopeDIE(LexicalScope *Scope);

  DIE *createAndAddScopeChildren(LexicalScope *Scope, DIE &ScopeDIE);

  void constructAbstractSubprogramScopeDIE(LexicalScope *Scope);

  /// \brief Construct import_module DIE.
  DIE *constructImportedEntityDIE(const DIImportedEntity *Module);

  void finishSubprogramDefinition(const DISubprogram *SP);

  void collectDeadVariables(const DISubprogram *SP);

  /// Set the skeleton unit associated with this unit.
  void setSkeleton(DwarfCompileUnit &Skel) { Skeleton = &Skel; }

  const MCSymbol *getSectionSym() const {
    assert(Section);
    return Section->getBeginSymbol();
  }

  unsigned getLength() {
    return sizeof(uint32_t) + // Length field
        getHeaderSize() + UnitDie.getSize();
  }

  void emitHeader(bool UseOffsets) override;

  MCSymbol *getLabelBegin() const {
    assert(Section);
    return LabelBegin;
  }

  /// Add a new global name to the compile unit.
  void addGlobalName(StringRef Name, DIE &Die, const DIScope *Context) override;

  /// Add a new global type to the compile unit.
  void addGlobalType(const DIType *Ty, const DIE &Die,
                     const DIScope *Context) override;

  const StringMap<const DIE *> &getGlobalNames() const { return GlobalNames; }
  const StringMap<const DIE *> &getGlobalTypes() const { return GlobalTypes; }

  /// Add DW_AT_location attribute for a DbgVariable based on provided
  /// MachineLocation.
  void addVariableAddress(const DbgVariable &DV, DIE &Die,
                          MachineLocation Location);
  /// Add an address attribute to a die based on the location provided.
  void addAddress(DIE &Die, dwarf::Attribute Attribute,
                  const MachineLocation &Location);

  /// Start with the address based on the location provided, and generate the
  /// DWARF information necessary to find the actual variable (navigating the
  /// extra location information encoded in the type) based on the starting
  /// location.  Add the DWARF information to the die.
  void addComplexAddress(const DbgVariable &DV, DIE &Die,
                         dwarf::Attribute Attribute,
                         const MachineLocation &Location);

  /// Add a Dwarf loclistptr attribute data and value.
  void addLocationList(DIE &Die, dwarf::Attribute Attribute, unsigned Index);
  void applyVariableAttributes(const DbgVariable &Var, DIE &VariableDie);

  /// Add a Dwarf expression attribute data and value.
  void addExpr(DIELoc &Die, dwarf::Form Form, const MCExpr *Expr);

  void applySubprogramAttributesToDefinition(const DISubprogram *SP,
                                             DIE &SPDie);

  /// getRangeLists - Get the vector of range lists.
  const SmallVectorImpl<RangeSpanList> &getRangeLists() const {
    return (Skeleton ? Skeleton : this)->CURangeLists;
  }

  /// getRanges - Get the list of ranges for this unit.
  const SmallVectorImpl<RangeSpan> &getRanges() const { return CURanges; }
  SmallVector<RangeSpan, 2> takeRanges() { return std::move(CURanges); }

  void setBaseAddress(const MCSymbol *Base) { BaseAddress = Base; }
  const MCSymbol *getBaseAddress() const { return BaseAddress; }
};

} // end llvm namespace

#endif


text:
MOB Museum
You've heard their names, you've maybe even heard their crimes, but you've never heard their whole story. The true story. At The Mob Museum, we expose fact from fiction and shed a light on of how the Mob came to be, the battles that were fought, and what remains today. You'll learn about the Mob's biggest players including Al Capone, Whitey Bulger, Bugsy Siegel, John Gotti and many more. As you move through the Museum, you'll also be witness to some of the most infamous Mob artifacts, such as the wall from the St. Valentine's Day Massacre and the barber chair where Albert Anastasia was murdered. This is truly the underworld uncovered. No embellishments. No glorification. We present the facts, and let you become the jury.
The following is a list of exhibits:
The Legacy of the Mob
What the Mob has left behind, and how they shaped society and the criminals of today.
Bringing Down the Mob
How battles against the Mob were won with focus on important law enforcement victories against money laundering, human trafficking, drug cartels, kidnappings, wiretappings, murder and more.
Notable Names in Mob History
Al Capone, Anthony Spilotro, Sam Giancana, Carlo Gambino, Bugsy Siegel, Joseph Bonanno, Moe Dalitz, John Gotti, Frank "Lefty" Rosenthal and others.
Mob Busters
J. Edgar Hoover, Estes Kefauver, Eliot Ness, Harry Anslinger, Joe Pistone and others.
Organized Crime Around the World
A look at current local and global Mob activities and discussion on its future.
Memories of the Mob
A look at "old" Mobsters when they retire, go into exile, enter the witness protection program or die.
Myths of the Mob
How the Mob has been portrayed in movies, books and pop culture and a discussion on its accuracy.
An in-depth look at Las Vegas as the ultimate "open city" that attracted Mobsters following the Kefauver Hearings; a tough little town that became a haven and playground for American organized crime in the 1950s.
The Game Continues
Las Vegas from the 1950s to the present with focus on the Black Book, scamming and skimming, Gaming Control Board activities and Howard Hughes.
Web of Deceit
A fascinating look at Mob violence, corruption, conspiracy and murder.
The Mob Through History
A timeline that includes the birth of the Mob, its geographic "families" around the globe, the impact of prohibition, drugs and prostitution on the Mob's bottom line; how organized crime is evolving.
America Fights Back
A re-creation of the very courtroom where the proceedings of the Kefauver Committee hearings occurred. The hearings, led by U.S. Senator Estes Kefauver, were held in 14 cities in 1950-51 and sought to expose and control organized crime.
The idea is to be as immersive as possible by "participating" in a police lineup, reading actual files of mobsters, punching in a city and seeing its mob crime history, watching how agents spied on mobsters and listening to actual wiretaps and tapes of gangster schemes.
More about the MOB Museum
Tommy Gun Simulator
Guest can fire a Tommy gun simulator on the 3rd floor.
Guests use a menu and dinner plates to learn about Mob operations in other cities.
Guests can listen in to actual wiretaps the government used to catch Mobsters.
Adult (18+): $19.95
Children (5 - 17 with ID): $13.95
Students (18 - 23 with ID): $13.95
Seniors (65+): $15.95
Military, Law Enforcement, Teachers (with ID): $15.95
Sunday - Thursday: 10:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m.
Friday and Saturday: 10:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m.


Once you have created the test and specified the basic information, the next step is to add items to test sections.
Click the Edit → Edit Items button, or right-click on a test and select Edit Items.
This will then bring up a list of items on the test (Figure 4.14), which of course will be none if you have just created the test.
Adding and deleting items on the test is not possible unless you click Edit → Edit Items, locking the test for editing.
Click on the Item Explorer tab to access the items you want to add to the test.
Figure 4.14 displays some additional options that items have once they are added to a test.
The Scored checkbox indicates if the response to this item should be included in the score calculation.
The Required checkbox indicates whether this item is required to be answered.
The Force Page Break checkbox allows you to insert a page break after a specific item.
The Reverse Scale checkbox applies to Likert-Type items and allows you to use the reverse of what the examinee selected.
For example, if you have a five point scale with weights of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, applying reverse scale would cause the first option to use a weight of 5 instead of 1.
The checkboxes in the column headers can be used to check/uncheck all checkboxes for all items in the test.
Once the test is open for adding/deleting items, you then need to go back to the Item Explorer tab to look for items and add them to the test.
You can go there by clicking the green Add Items button, or by simply clicking the Item Explorer tab.
There are two ways to select items in the Item Explorer: browsing through the bank or searching on specific criteria.
Selecting Items by Browsing You can assemble a test using any of the banks in a workspace by selecting items from any of the categories in those banks. Navigate through the workspace by clicking on banks or categories, and right-click → Show All Items to see the items in a given category.
To add an item to your test, simply click on the item and then click the green Add to Test button that is now visible above the list or right-click and select Add to Test.
You can also select multiple items in the list using the CTRL and SHIFT keys.
Items that have been added will have a green plus sign next to them.
If your test has multiple test sections, you will be prompted to select which test section the items should be added to.
Selecting Items by Searching You can also select items for your test by having FastTest search your item banks for items meeting criteria that you specify. There are two ways to search.
To perform a quick search for certain item names, type the text into the Search Items box in the upper left, then click the magnifying glass or press Enter.
For example, in Figure 4.15 you could also pull up a list of all algebra items by searching for "alg" since that is in each item name.
The second way to search is the Advanced Search. Use this when performing sophisticated test assembly based on item statistics or IRT parameters.
Click on Advanced Search below the quick Search Items box, and the window in Figure 4.16 will appear.
You can then search for text again, by item status, item assignments, date created, date modified, and/or by ranges of values for all the relevant statistics.
Your results will then appear in the item list (Figure 4.15), at which point you can select which of the qualifying items you would like to add to the test.
You can add to a previous search by unchecking the "Clear previous results" button.


CA Online Backup provides easy-to-use, anytime-anywhere backup capabilities. You can customize your backup settings and save a copy of your data online, on a USB, or even on an iPod. CA Online Backup lets you protect your pictures, documents, music, and everything that's important in your digital life.


Navy Supply Corps officers from throughout the Pacific Northwest gathered at Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor in March for a day of mentoring and professional development at the 2017 Northwest Junior Officer Training Symposium (JOTS).
This year's JOTS was hosted by NAVSUP Fleet Logistics Center (FLC) Puget Sound. The annual event explores career development and professional challenges and is a venue for junior officers to interact with senior officers, operational leadership, and peers. This year's seminar focused on such topics as available career tracks within the Supply Corps; options for operational service; retirement; promotion boards; administrative skills; and what is expected of a Supply Corps officer at sea. The purpose of JOTS is to allow officers to take some time out and take a closer look at their Navy career.
This year 48 active and Reserve officers attended the symposium from several regional shore and sea commands. Along with the junior officers, senior officers were also on hand, sharing their own personal experiences through formal briefs and establishing professional connections with their Supply Corps colleagues.
"The symposium provided the right mix of information download and peer networking, and it was very well received," said Allen.
The event's guest speaker was Commander, Submarine Group NINE Rear Adm. John Tammen. During his brief, Tammen discussed the Chief of Naval Operations' latest themes and initiatives to carry the Navy into the future, and touched on how important it is in today's operational environment for a Supply Corps officer to step up and get involved with more than logistics, especially at sea.
Coincidentally, officer detailers from Navy Personnel Command visited the region a few days prior to JOTS. Officers had the opportunity to attend the OP Roadshow, as well as meet their detailers in person one-on-one in some cases for the first time in their careers. With the detailer visit happening earlier in the week, many of the JOTS attendees were able to spend time both talking with professional career planners as well as getting personal perspectives from more senior officers who had experienced different types of duty.


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text:
Genomic sequencing crucial to tracking new COVID-19 variants —WHO
COVID-19 variants. Image source:nursingcentre
The World Health Organisation says sequencing remains vital to detecting and tracking the emergence and spread of new variants of COVID-19, such as XBB.1.5.
Dr. Tedros Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General said this at an online media conference.
"It's now three years since the first sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was shared with the world," he said.
Ghebreyesus said that sequence enabled the development of the first tests, and ultimately, vaccines.
"Throughout the pandemic, testing and sequencing helped us to track the spread and development of new variants.
"But since the peak of the Omicron wave, the number of sequences being shared has dropped by more than 90 per cent and the number of countries sharing sequences has fallen by a third.
"It's understandable that countries cannot maintain the same levels of testing and sequencing they had during the Omicron peak,'" he said.
Ghebreyesus said the world cannot close its eyes and hope the virus would go away.
He called on all countries now experiencing intense transmission to increase sequencing, and to share those sequences.
According to him, investment in testing at-risk people to ensure they receive adequate care and in tracking the virus remains vital.
"There is no doubt that globally we are in a vastly better position than we were a year ago," he said.
According to him, the end of the Ebola outbreak in Uganda, four months after the first cases were reported is appreciated.
"I congratulate the government, the people of Uganda, and health workers, some of whom lost their lives, for their leadership and dedication in bringing this outbreak to an end.
"And we thank donors and partners for swiftly mobilising resources, and vaccine developers for making candidate vaccines available in record time.
"Even in the absence of approved vaccines or therapeutics for this type of Ebola, Uganda was able to use proven public health tools to contain the outbreak," he said.
According to him, the outbreak has finished, but WHO's commitment to Uganda has not.
He said that the organisation remained committed to strengthening Uganda's health system as part of its journey toward universal health coverage.
(NAN)
#COVID-19 Genomic sequencing
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