We're in a modern age with technology all around us. However people still manage to find ways to innovate and give us new tools that we never even knew we needed! If you've ever been a little less skilled at managing your money, but a little to tight, or just plain can't afford a financial advisor, then Cleo might just be for you. This is my quick and simple Cleo Review.
Cleo Review : What is Cleo?
Cleo is your friend. Cleo is your personal financial assistant that can give you the heads up when things are looking good, or bad with your finances. You can even get £5 free from Cleo just for signing up if you keep reading below!
I don't even know how to describe Cleo. It's not an app in the traditional sense. It's an artificial intelligence that tells you about your money via Facebook Messenger or SMS. It seems to be a part of a growing trend that's happening right now. There even looks to be integration with Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant coming soon which is really exciting for a nerd like me.
Cleo Review : What Can Cleo Do?
I was ultimately skeptical at first. I was a bit dubious about the signup process, but took the plunge anyway and I'm glad I did. I have found Cleo really useful. It's more of a reminder for me to keep my money in order.
Balance dips below £100? Cleo's there letting you know. Still haven't managed to automate your money and keep track of spending patterns? Cleo's on it. Spending too much on eating out? Cleo want's to tell you how much you've spent, and usually compares it to how many Greggs sausage rolls you could have bought for the same amount. – I'm not sure that's the best comparison it could make though!
If you can be a bit frivolous with your money and have pondered the idea of reigning it in a bit. Cleo might be worth a shot. It's a little unintrusive, sometimes humorous nag to let you know exactly why you're left with too much month left at the end of your money.
***UPDATE 3/5/18*** Cleo have made an update and now when you sign up with the below details, you get £2.50 as a signup bonus rather than £5 to add to your Cleo Wallet. They make the rules, it's still free money though!
***UPDATE 13/11/18*** Cleo have made updated this offer and now when you sign up with the below details, you get a free month of Cleo+ (worth £4.99) as a signup bonus rather than £2.50 to add to your Cleo Wallet. Cleo+ is a premium service that offers you rewards based on your spending and offers some level of overdraft protection.
I'm still reviewing this app and it seems like it could take off in a big way, but the £5 free part definitely works when you sign up and connect it to your bank account.
Ensure you have access to Facebook Messenger – This "App" relies on it.
Ensure that you connect at least one of your bank accounts.
After signing up you can get more money by referring your friends, family or stangers to the service.
*I am not affiliated with Cleo, however, by using my referral link above, I do receive a referral bonus for a successful signup.
If you've signed up to Cleo just for the free money, check out my post on free money from other apps.
Should you Cancel your Credit Card?


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Langnau bei Reiden (toponimo tedesco) è una frazione di 1 199 abitanti del comune svizzero di Reiden, nel distretto di Willisau (Canton Lucerna).

Storia

Fino al 31 dicembre 2005 è stato un comune autonomo che si estendeva per 8,62 km²; il 1º gennaio 2006 è stato aggregato al comune di Reiden assieme all'altro comune soppresso di Richenthal.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Reiden
Comuni del Canton Lucerna soppressi
Località del Canton Lucerna

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
College buildings--West Virginia--Morgantown.2
WVU--Buildings--Oglebay Hall.1
WVU--Buildings--Student Health Center.1
WVU--Special Events--USS West Virginia Dedication and Memorial.1
West Virginia (Ship)--Monuments--West Virginia--Morgantown.3
West Virginia University. Oglebay Hall.2
WVU--Buildings--Elizabeth Moore Hall.1
WVU--Buildings--Martin Hall.1
West Virginia University. Carruth Center.1
West Virginia University. Elizabeth Moore Hall.1
West Virginia University. Martin Hall.1
Morgantown (W. Va.)--Pictorial works.1
Corey, Art1
You searched for: Date 1965 Remove constraint Date: 1965
1. Wreath Laying Ceremony in Memorial Plaza, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.
Wreath Laying Ceremony in Memorial Plaza, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.
A wreath is placed by the mast of the U.S.S. West Virginia in Memorial Plaza. Martin hall is pictured in the background on the right. Elizabeth Moore Hall can be seen in the background on the left.
2. Student Health Center, Now Called Carruth Center, West Virginia University
Student Health Center, Now Called Carruth Center, West Virginia University
3. Oglebay Hall and Mast of U.S.S. West Virginia, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.
Oglebay Hall and Mast of U.S.S. West Virginia, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.
The mast arrived on campus in 1961 and dedicated in 1963.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Even though Dubai's debt problems deepen, the ruler of Dubai decides to unveils the world tallest tower officially today. This project started in 2004 and spent $1.5 billion. Right not, Burj Khalifa is the symbol of Dubai. I also hope that Dubai will solve financial crisis soon after the open of the World Tallest Tower.


It may have been the first time they were all in one place: Seven of the 11 secretaries of the U.S. Department of Education, including all but two of those still living. The department, relatively young for a cabinet agency, dates only to 1979.
They have aged. Some move more slowly. They have gone on to the second and third acts in their professional lives. One runs a major university; another leads the Senate education committee. One shuns the limelight; another is a regular fixture on Twitter, lobbing rhetorical grenades at President Trump and the National Rifle Association.
On Thursday, they assembled at the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center in Washington, D.C., to mark the 35th anniversary of the landmark "A Nation at Risk" report.
It is a testament to the galvanic impact of the disarmingly slim document — at 36 pages, it is shorter than the appendices to many Education Department research reports — that they showed up at all. Democrat and Republican, they came to honor the now-famous Reagan-era call to combat "the rising tide of mediocrity" that gave rise to the school reform movement, and to measure the progress made since 1983.
The news was grim. As if to remind a distracted nation of the report's continued relevance, test scores released Tuesday from the most recent National Assessment of Educational Progress continued a decade-long lull, with only marginal improvement in eighth-grade reading.
"Overall, we are still a nation at risk, and I would say even greater risk today," said Education Secretary Betsy DeVos.
But a number of her predecessors were more emphatic, lamenting a current lack of collective will to tackle the nation's pressing problems in education.
It was a reminder that "A Nation at Risk" resonates with vastly different constituencies. Like many things in education, the politics don't line up neatly, blue versus red. They split more along the lines of interventionists — represented by the Bush administration and its mammoth No Child Left Behind law, and Obama, with his billion-dollar investments in Race to the Top and School Improvement Grants — and those favoring local control, for whom DeVos is the current champion. It may have been no accident that the interventionists, including Rod Paige and John King, participated in one panel, while DeVos and Reagan-era secretary William Bennett — a link to an earlier era of relative austerity and laissez-faire — sat on another. Maybe they don't play well together.
Lamar Alexander, who served as education secretary under George H.W. Bush, is often the man in the middle in the world of education politics. He described the past 40 years of federal education policy as "The Rise and Fall of the National School Board," which began with the federal Education Department acting as a "bully pulpit" under Reagan, then grew under George W. Bush and Obama, and now, after the passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act, is returning to something of a bully pulpit under DeVos.
"ESSA restores to state and local government the responsibility" of responding to school problems, said Alexander, now a senator from Tennessee and chair of the Senate education committee.
But what if states take the easy way out? What if they seize upon their newfound flexibility to disregard low-performing populations of students or even, as DeVos herself recently suggested, simply offer plans that are uninspired and maybe a bit dull? For all their noted excesses, the education departments under Bush and Obama were unafraid to wield a punitive stick when necessary.
Asked about the issue, Spellings let out a deep sigh.
States can use jargon-laden "wonkery" to game the system and "leave kids out," she said. At the same time, some well-meaning local officials like the political cover the feds offer when unpopular decisions are needed.
They speak more freely now, this select group of alumni who witnessed history in the making firsthand. Asked about his most indelible memory as secretary, Paige mentioned the early morning of Sept. 11, 2001, when he accompanied President George W. Bush to Emma E. Booker Elementary School in Sarasota County, Florida. The president was reading The Pet Goat with a group of urban first-graders when news came that a plane had hit the north tower of the World Trade Center. Soon, Bush was quickly whisked off to Air Force One, leaving Paige and the education entourage behind.
"Later, I said, 'Mr. President, I go all over the nation promoting No Child Left Behind for you, but you left me in Florida,' " Paige recalled.
Given the fractious nature of today's politics, there was a wistful tone when some spoke of the bygone era of bipartisanship that ushered in that law. Spellings recalled that the legislation — the most expansive increase of federal power in department history — was approved by a Senate vote of 87–10. On a wall in her office at the University of North Carolina, Spellings keeps the trappings of that momentous day — the voting pen and a copy of the bill — as a reminder of what's possible.
"Hard to believe you could get 87–10 on a motion to adjourn these days," she quipped.
It was a day of such laments. "Our biggest problem is that no one votes along education anymore," Duncan said, and it "broke my heart" to see that neither candidate mentioned education much in the 2016 presidential debates. Earlier in the day, Condoleezza Rice, former secretary of state and provost at Stanford University, used almost identical language to describe her misgivings.
Although the teacher walkouts in states like West Virginia and Oklahoma may hint at an edu-centric midterm election this fall, some are not so hopeful. John White, Louisiana's superintendent of education, said that while people care deeply about the quality of their schools, politicians are not paying attention.
Even a decade ago, however, the role of the education secretary was limited. Only on television does the secretary wield real power — and only then, after Earth has been destroyed by evil robots. In real life, the president sets the tone. And though Trump was rarely invoked by name Thursday, his presence, just blocks away, was deeply felt.
But even in Washington, there's the power of example. She and Bennett struck a note of Reaganesque optimism when highlighting the performance of Florida — in particular, districts like Miami-Dade — which DeVos attributed to a series of reforms ushered in by former governor Jeb Bush in the 1990s, including school choice, school-level flexibility, and A–F school grades. In the late 1990s, Florida students ranked 47th to 49th among the states, but this year's fourth-graders are achieving in the top 10.
"I'm very hopeful," DeVos said.
"That would be wonderful," DeVos replied.
"You and I can blurb it," Bennett said.


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'President Leody' to abolish NTF-ELCAC, repeal anti-terror law
March 2, 2022 /in News /by Kodao Productions
Labor leader vows to resume peace talks, fight social injustice if elected
Leody de Guzman will immediately abolish the government's anti-insurgency task force and repeal the controversial anti-terror law if elected president.
In an online peace and justice forum, the presidential candidate said he will immediately disband the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) and ask Congress to repeal Republic Act 11479 he described as twin menaces to the Filipino people.
"Our position is clear. The NTF-ELCAC must be disbanded because it is a concrete expression and legalization of President Rodrigo Duterte's brutal brand of leadership. It breeds all sorts of human rights violations and terror on our people," de Guzman said.
NTF-ELCAC's budget should instead be transferred to agencies that confronts the COVID-19 pandemic and to the education sector, he added.
The task force, the Partido Lakas ng Masa standard bearer said, clearly violates the people's fundamental rights, along with the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020.
"That law should not be called anti-terror. It should be called Terror Law," de Guzman said in Filipino.
De Guzman was the featured presidential candidate of the Peace and the Presidentiables series of online conversations last Monday, February 28.
The forum was organized by the Citizens' Alliance for Just Peace (CAJP) in cooperation with Lasallian Justice and Peace Commission of the De La Salle University system; Father Saturnino Urios University; Silliman University Student Council; St. Scholastica's College-Manila and the University of the Philippines.
No local peace talks
De Guzman said he is not in favor of the government's so-called localized peace talks proposal the National Democratic Front of the Philippines has repeatedly rejected.
"That is their way of trying to fool the other party. It is a divide and rule tactic so they can try to bribe, to show they are talking to some people and to later convince them to surrender without the root causes of the armed conflict being addressed," de Guzman said.
The veteran labor rights activist said genuine and sincere peace negotiations must be held at the national level.
"The root causes of the armed conflict are not local, they are our national problem. If the government is serious in addressing them, division is not the way to go," de Guzman said.
The former leather glove factory worker also said he is open to studying The Hague Joint Declaration as the framework of the peace negotiations with the National Democratic Front of the Philippines.
He also said he is open to strengthening the Joint Agreement on Safety and Immunity Guarantees that should provide protection to negotiators, consultants, resource persons and staff involved in the peace process.
Photo by Breakaway Media
'CPP, NPA and NDFP are not terrorists'
De Guzman said he does not consider the CPP, the NPA and the NDFP as terrorists, adding it is better instead to address their demands through negotiations.
"We should begin with an honest-to-goodness recognition they are not terrorists. We should acknowledge that their issues are legitimate," he said.
The labor leader added that peace negotiations with the NDFP will be easier because he and running mate Walden Bello are clear on their belief the revolutionaries have legitimate reasons to fight.
"It is not like they saw Fernando Poe Jr. or Lito Lapid movies and developed a desire to take up arms. They are not that narrow-minded," he said.
He cited his own experience as a full-time labor rights activist for 36 years who has been the victim of threats and harassments from the police and military.
"It is not easy to attend rallies and hold strikes in workplaces. It is hot. It is not easy to negotiate, especially when the police are there. You may pee your pants from terror," he said.
The revolutionaries are forced by their situation and conviction that injustices must be fought with arms, he said.
Fighter for social and economic reforms
De Guzman said he is the first presidential candidate to have come from a real marginalized sector, unlike his rivals who are billionaires, are popular and representatives of the elite.
If elected, the candidate said his administration will focus on basic social services and ensure food, education, water, electricity, health, among others.
"We will develop the countryside, improve farmers' livelihoods. We will protect the fisher folk and animal-raisers. We will revive the manufacturing sector and not rely solely on importation. We will not solve poverty with neoliberal economic policies," he said.
De Guzman said he will immediately do away with unfair trade agreements such as the World Trade Organization, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and others that keep the country import-dependent and export-oriented.
De Guzman said his candidacy is about overturning the social system that makes rich people richer and the poor poorer.
"The government enacted and implemented laws that put social services in the hands of capitalists with the promise that once they have made more money, the benefits will trickle down to the masses. It did not happen," he said. # (Raymund B. Villanueva)
https://kodao.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/leody.jpg 841 1080 Kodao Productions https://kodao.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/kodao.png Kodao Productions2022-03-02 05:30:212022-03-02 05:34:45'President Leody' to abolish NTF-ELCAC, repeal anti-terror law


Geoffrey A. Moore has an important article in the July-August 2004 issue of the Harvard Business Review . Articulating and systematising what we probably already understand at some level, Mr. Moore proposes a taxonomy of innovation and reminds us how different types of innovation are relevant at different stages of the market lifecycle from disruptive innovation in the early markets through to structural innovation near the end of life of the market for a particular product or service offering. The article also provides a useful summary of the type of leader best associated with each type of innovation.
Darwin represents the market evolutionary pressures to continually innovate to create differentiation. The demon is the demon of inertia: the success of the mature market with its focus on incremental innovation of processes and marketing often creates an inertia that is difficult to overcome when the company must change to ride either another stage in the market lifecycle for its existing or begin the journey on a completely new lifecycle with new products or services.
It's important to recognize that differentiation-creating innovation and productivity-creating deconstruction must be conducted in tandem. If you try the former without the latter, the inertia demon defeats you. If you try the latter without the former, you do nothing to overcome the forces of commoditization; you are simply able to endure them for longer. By running the two efforts in parallel, and migrating resources from legacy processes to innovation wherever possible, you not only improve your returns in the marketplace, you renew and rejuvenate the company. Neither Darwin's forces nor the Demon's will defeat you.
A very useful summary article: be sure to read it.


Please scroll through the different ranges on our website. For further information please call to arrange a viewing at the Royal Tunbridge Wells Showroom or home visit for a non obligatory quotation and design.
Contemporary Our contemporary colour palette is available in a matt or high gloss finish in the following door ranges I nzo, Remo and Tomba.
The first rule of BioGraphy is that there are no rules. We give you the flexibility to make a dynamic, personal statement with a kitchen that's functional, expressive and echoes the energy of a busy, family home. An eclectic mix of materials and finishes sit easily in the heart of your home for integrated modern living in a warm and welcoming space, combining enduring twists of tradition with practical solutions for a faster pace of life.
We are pleased to announce the introduction of a fourth door style into the 1909 collection to sit alongside the Shaker and two beaded designs. Beautifully understated, our new In-frame Slab door introduces simple detailing, linearity and strong perspective to give a more contemporary look to the classic in-frame kitchen.


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Justia Patents US Patent Application for POWER CONVERSION APPARATUS Patent Application (Application #20200350823)
POWER CONVERSION APPARATUS
Nov 8, 2019 - Acer Incorporated
A power conversion apparatus including a transformer, a power switch, a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generator, an energy storage element, and a power circuit is provided. A primary winding of the transformer receives an input voltage from an external power source. An auxiliary winding of the transformer provides an auxiliary voltage. The power switch is coupled to the primary winding. The PWM signal generator generates a PWM signal to control on and off the power switch. The energy storage element is coupled to a power terminal of the PWM signal generator. The power circuit supplies power to the PWM signal generator and charges the energy storage element according to the auxiliary voltage. When a voltage of the energy storage element is greater than or equal to a threshold voltage, the power circuit stores backup power according to the auxiliary voltage. When the external power source stops providing the input voltage, the power circuit supplies power to the PWM signal generator and charges the energy storage element according to the backup power.
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FOLDABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
This application claims the priority benefit of Taiwan patent application serial no. 108115011, filed on Apr. 30, 2019. The entirety of the above-mentioned patent application is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification.
BACKGROUND Technical Field
The disclosure relates to a power conversion apparatus. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a power conversion apparatus capable of extending a hold-up time length of an output voltage provided by the power conversion apparatus.
Description of Related Art
In a power conversion apparatus, an input voltage provided by an external power source could be converted to a DC voltage suitable for any kinds of electronic apparatuses. Therefore, power conversion apparatuses are widely used in electronic apparatuses, such as computers, office automation equipment, industrial control equipment, and communication equipment.
In a power conversion apparatus based on the pulse width modulation (PWM) control, the primary side of the power conversion apparatus generally has a power switch and a PWM control chip. The PWM control chip is configured to control on and off of the power switch, so that the transformer in the power conversion apparatus may transfer electrical energy stored by the primary side to the secondary side of the power conversion apparatus and outputs the DC voltage to the electronic apparatus. In addition, the auxiliary winding of the transformer may provide power required by the PWM control chip for operation through the power terminal of the PWM control chip. Further, a voltage regulator capacitor is generally disposed at the power terminal of the PWM control chip.
Generally, after the power source of the power conversion apparatus is cut, the power conversion apparatus is required to continuously output the DC voltage to the electronic apparatus during a period of hold-up time, so as to lower the influence on the electronic apparatus caused by the sudden power off. Nevertheless, since the capacitance of the voltage regulator capacitor of the PWM control chip is usually small, when the power conversion apparatus is powered off suddenly, the PWM control chip is powered off as well and thus stops controlling on and off of the power switch. As such, the power conversion apparatus stops outputting the DC voltage in a significantly short period of time. Therefore, the insufficient hold-up time problem occurs in most of the existing power conversion apparatuses, and as such, operational stability of electronic apparatuses is lowered.
Accordingly, the disclosure provides a power conversion apparatus capable of supplying power to a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generator according to backup power stored by the power conversion apparatus when the power conversion apparatus is powered off, so as to extend the period of the hold-up time that the power conversion apparatus continuously provides an output voltage.
A power conversion apparatus in an embodiment of the disclosure includes a transformer, a first power switch, a PWM signal generator, an energy storage element, and a power circuit. The transformer has a primary winding and an auxiliary winding. The primary winding is configured to receives an input voltage from an external power source. The auxiliary winding is configured to provide an auxiliary voltage. The first power switch is coupled to the primary winding and is controlled by a PWM signal. The PWM signal generator is coupled to the first power switch and is configured to generate the PWM signal to control on and off of the first power switch. The energy storage element is coupled to a power terminal of the PWM signal generator. The power circuit is coupled to the auxiliary winding, the power terminal of the PWM signal generator, and the energy storage element and is configured to supply power to the PWM signal generator and charge the energy storage element according to the auxiliary voltage. When a voltage of the energy storage element is greater than or equal to a threshold voltage, the power circuit stores backup power according to the auxiliary voltage. When the external power source stops providing the input voltage, the power circuit supplies power to the PWM signal generator and charges the energy storage element according to the backup power.
In view of the above, the power conversion apparatus provided by the disclosure may supply power to the PWM signal generator according to the stored backup power when the power conversion apparatus is powered off. In this way, after the power conversion apparatus is powered off, the hold-up time that the power conversion apparatus continuously provides an output voltage is extended.
To make the aforementioned more comprehensible, several embodiments accompanied with drawings are described in detail as follows.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of circuits of a power conversion apparatus according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a power circuit according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating circuit architectures of a charging circuit and a power backup circuit according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating circuit architectures of a charging circuit and a power backup circuit according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
In order to make the disclosure more comprehensible, several embodiments are described below as examples of implementation of the disclosure. Moreover, wherever possible, elements/components/steps with the same reference numerals are used to represent the same or similar parts in the drawings and embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of circuits of a power conversion apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to FIG. 1, the power conversion apparatus 100 may include a transformer TR, a power switch Q1, a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generator 120, an energy storage element 140, and a power circuit 160, which should however not be construed as a limitation in the disclosure. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the power conversion apparatus 100 may further include an input capacitor CIN and a rectification circuit 180.
The transformer TR has a primary winding Np, a secondary winding Ns, and an auxiliary winding Na. The primary winding Np is configured to receives an input voltage VIN from an external power source. The secondary winding Ns is coupled to the rectification circuit 180 and is configured to provide an output voltage VO to a load. The auxiliary winding Na is configured to provide an auxiliary voltage VA.
The input capacitor CIN is coupled between a first terminal (e.g., a common-polarity terminal, i.e., a dotted terminal) of the primary winding Np and a ground terminal GND1. When the external power source supplies the input voltage VIN to the power conversion apparatus 100, the input capacitor CIN may store electrical energy. When the external power source stops supplying the input voltage VIN to the power conversion apparatus 100, the electrical energy stored by the input capacitor CIN may release energy to the secondary winding Ns.
The power switch Q1 is coupled between a second terminal (e.g., an opposite-polarity terminal, i.e., a non-dotted terminal) of the primary winding Np and the ground terminal GND1 and is controlled by a PWM signal SP. The PWM signal generator 120 is coupled to the first power switch Q1 and is configured to generate the PWM signal SP to control on and off of the first power switch Q1. As such, the transformer TR may transfer the electrical energy stored by the primary winding Np to the secondary winding Ns and provides the output voltage VO to the load through the rectification circuit 180. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the PWM signal generator 120 may be implemented by adopting a hardware circuit such as a micro-controller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), but is not limited thereto.
The energy storage element 140 is coupled between a power terminal PVCC of the PWM signal generator 120 and the ground terminal GND1 and is configured to stabilize a voltage of the power terminal PVCC. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the energy storage element 140 may be implemented by adopting a capacitor, but is not limited thereto.
The power circuit 160 is coupled to the auxiliary winding Na, the power terminal PVCC of the PWM signal generator 120, and the energy storage element 140. The power circuit 160 may supply power to the PWM signal generator 120 and charge the energy storage element 140 according to the auxiliary voltage VA.
In particular, when a voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 (i.e., the voltage of the power terminal PVCC of the PWM signal generator 120) is charged to be greater than or equal to a threshold voltage VT, the power circuit 160 may store backup power EE according to the auxiliary voltage VA. In addition, when the external power source stops supplying the input voltage VIN to the power conversion apparatus 100, the power circuit 160 may supply power to the PWM signal generator 120 and charge the energy storage element 140 according to the backup power EE. In this way, if the external power source stops supplying power to the power conversion apparatus 100, the backup power EE stored by the power circuit 160 may prolong the time for powering the PWM signal generator 120, so that hold-up time that the power conversion apparatus 100continuously supplies the output voltage VO is thereby extended.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, the PWM signal generator 120 may detect the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 through the power terminal PVCC. When the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, the PWM signal generator 120 may output a control signal group CSG to the power circuit 160. As such, the power circuit 160 stores the backup power EE according to the auxiliary voltage VA in response to the control signal group CSG.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, the PWM signal generator 120 may detect a voltage VS of the backup power EE. When the voltage VS of the backup power EE is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, it means that the power circuit 160 completes storage of the backup power EE, and the PWM signal generator 120 thereby stops outputting the control signal group CSG to the power circuit 160.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, the threshold voltage VT is a minimum voltage required by the PWM signal generator 120 for normal operation, which should however not be construed as a limitation in the disclosure.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the power circuit 160 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. For ease of description, coupling relationships between the power circuit 160 and the auxiliary winding Na and the PWM signal generator 120 and the energy storage element 140 are also depicted in FIG. 2. With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 together, the power circuit 160 includes a charging circuit 262 and a power backup circuit 264. The charging circuit 262 is coupled to the auxiliary winding Na, the power terminal PVCC of the PWM signal generator 120, and the energy storage element 140. The charging circuit 262 may rectify and filter the auxiliary voltage VA to generate a first voltage V1, and may supply power to the PWM signal generator 120 and charge the energy storage element 140 according to the first voltage V1.
The power backup circuit 264 is coupled to the charging circuit 262, the power terminal PVCC of the PWM signal generator 120, and the energy storage element 140. When the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 (i.e., the voltage of the power terminal PVCC of the PWM signal generator 120) is charged to be greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, the PWM signal generator 120 may output the control signal group CSG to the power backup circuit 264, so that the power backup circuit 264 stores the backup power EE based on the first voltage V1. In addition, the PWM signal generator 120 may detect the voltage VS of the backup power EE. When the voltage VS of the backup power EE is charged to be greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, it means that the power backup circuit 264 is fully charged, and the PWM signal generator 120 thereby stops outputting the control signal group CSG to the power backup circuit 264. Further, when the external power source stops supplying the input voltage VIN, the power backup circuit 264 may supply power to the PWM signal generator 120 and charge the energy storage element 140 according to the backup power EE, and that the time for powering the PWM signal generator 120 is extended.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating circuit architectures of the charging circuit 262 and the power backup circuit 264 in the power circuit 160 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. For ease of description, the auxiliary winding Na, the PWM signal generator 120, and the energy storage element 140 are also depicted in FIG. 3. With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 together, the charging circuit 262 includes a diode D21, a diode D22, and an auxiliary capacitor CA1. A first terminal (i.e., a common-polarity terminal) of the auxiliary winding Na is coupled to the ground terminal GND1. An anode terminal of the diode D21 is coupled to a second terminal (e.g., an opposite-polarity terminal) of the auxiliary winding Na to receive the auxiliary voltage VA. A cathode terminal of the diode D21 is coupled to a first node N1 and provides the first voltage V1. An anode terminal of the diode D22 is coupled to the first node N1. A cathode terminal of the diode D22 is coupled to the power terminal PVCC of the PWM signal generator 120 and the energy storage element 140. A first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor CA1 is coupled to the ground terminal GND1. A second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor CA1 is coupled to the first node N1.
The power backup circuit 264 may include an energy storage circuit 2641 and a diode D41. The energy storage circuit 2641 is connected in series between the charging circuit 262 and the anode terminal of the diode D41 and is configured to store the backup power EE. A cathode terminal of the diode D41 is coupled to the power terminal PVCC of the PWM signal generator 120 and the energy storage element 140.
In this embodiment, the control signal group CSG includes a control signal CS1. When the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, the PWM signal generator 120 outputs the control signal CS1 to the energy storage circuit 2641, and the energy storage circuit 2641 stores electrical energy to serve as the backup power EE according to the first voltage V1 in response to the control signal CS1. The PWM signal generator 120 may detect a voltage VS1 of the electrical energy stored by the energy storage circuit 2641. When the voltage VS1 of the electrical energy stored by the energy storage circuit 2641 is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, the PWM signal generator 120 may stop outputting the control signal CS1 to the energy storage circuit 2641, and the energy storage circuit 2641 completes storage of the electrical energy. In addition, when the external power source stops providing the input voltage VIN, the energy storage circuit 2641 may supply power to the PWM signal generator 120 and charge the energy storage element 140 with the backup power EE through the diode D41.
Further, the energy storage circuit 2641 has an input terminal INT, a control terminal CT, and an output terminal OT. The input terminal INT of the energy storage circuit 2641 is coupled to the charging circuit 262 to receive the first voltage V1. The output terminal OT of the energy storage circuit 2641 is coupled to the anode terminal of the diode D41 and the PWM signal generator 120. The control terminal CT of the energy storage circuit 2641 receives the control signal CS1. In this embodiment, the energy storage circuit 2641 includes a power switch Q2, a diode D42, and an energy storage capacitor CA2. A first terminal and a control terminal of the power switch Q2 respectively serve as the input terminal INT and the control terminal CT of the energy storage circuit 2641. An anode terminal of the diode D42 is coupled to a second terminal of the power switch Q2. A first terminal of the energy storage capacitor CA2 and a cathode terminal of the diode D42 are coupled to each other to serve as the output terminal OT of the energy storage circuit 2641. A second terminal of the energy storage capacitor CA2 is coupled to the ground terminal GND1.
Operational details of the charging circuit 262 and the power backup circuit 264 of FIG. 3 are described as follows. With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 again, when the external power source starts providing the input voltage VIN to the power conversion apparatus 100, the auxiliary winding Na may charge the auxiliary capacitor CA1 through the diode D21 and provide the first voltage V1 at the first node N1. Further, the auxiliary winding Na may charge the energy storage element 140 through the diodes D21 and D22.
The PWM signal generator 120 may detect the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 through the power terminal PVCC. When the PWM signal generator 120 detects that the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 is charged to be greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, the PWM signal generator 120 may output the control signal CS1 having a logic high level to turn on the power switch Q2. As such, the auxiliary winding Na starts charging the energy storage capacitor CA2 through the diodes D21 and D42 to serve as the backup power EE.
In addition, the PWM signal generator 120 may detect the voltage VS1 of the energy storage capacitor CA2 through the output terminal OT of the energy storage circuit 2641. When the voltage VS1 of the energy storage capacitor CA2 is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, it means that the energy storage capacitor CA2 is fully charged and the PWM signal generator 120 may thereby stop outputting the control signal CS1 or may output the control signal CS1 having a logic low level to turn off the power switch Q2.
From another perspective, when the external power source stops providing the input voltage VIN, the auxiliary winding Na stops supplying power to the PWM signal generator 120 and stops charging the energy storage element 140, as such, the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 drops. When a voltage difference between the voltage VS1 of the energy storage capacitor CA2 and the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 is greater than a cut-in voltage of the diode D41(i.e., a minimum voltage required by the diode D41 to be turned on), the diode D41 is turned on. As such, the electrical energy stored by the energy storage capacitor
CA2 (i.e., the backup power EE) may be used to supply power to the PWM signal generator 120 and charge the energy storage element 140. In this way, the time for powering the PWM signal generator 120 is prolonged, so that the hold-up time that the power conversion apparatus 100 continuously supplies the output voltage VO is thereby extended.
Incidentally, the relationship between the logic high/low level of the control signal CS1 and on/off of the power switch Q2 is provided to serve as an example only. People having ordinary skill in the art know that the relationship between the logic high/low level of the control signal CS1 and on/off of the power switch Q2 may be defined by a designer according to practical needs.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating circuit architectures of a charging circuit 262 and a power backup circuit 464 in a power circuit 160′ according to another embodiment of the disclosure. For ease of description, the auxiliary winding Na, the PWM signal generator 120, and the energy storage element 140 are also depicted in FIG. 4. With reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 together, the charging circuit 262 in FIG. 4 is similar to the charging circuit 262 in FIG. 3, so related description of FIG. 3 may be referred to, and repeated description is not provided herein.
In addition, compared to the power backup circuit 264 of FIG. 3 which has the diode D41 and one energy storage circuit 2641, the power backup circuit 464 of FIG. 4 has the diode D41 and two energy storage circuits 4641 and 4642. Specifically, the energy storage circuits 4641 and 4642 are connected in series in sequence and are connected in series between the charging circuit 262 and the anode terminal of the diode D41. The cathode terminal of the diode D41 is coupled to the power terminal PVCC of the PWM signal generator 120 and the energy storage element 140.
In this embodiment, the control signal group CSG may include control signals CS1 and CS2. When the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, the PWM signal generator 120 respectively outputs the control signals CS1 and CS2 to the energy storage circuits 4641 and 4642. The energy storage circuits 4641 and 4642 store electrical energy to serve as the backup power EE together according to the first voltage V1 in response to the control signals CS1 and CS2 respectively. The PWM signal generator 120 may detect voltages VS1 and VS2 of the electrical energy stored by each of the energy storage circuits 4641 and 4642. When the voltage VS2 of the electrical energy stored by the energy storage circuit 4642 is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, the PWM signal generator 120 may stop outputting the corresponding control signal CS2 to the energy storage circuit 4642, and the energy storage circuit 4642 completes storage of the electrical energy. Similarly, when the voltage VS1 of the electrical energy stored by the energy storage circuit 4641 is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, the PWM signal generator 120 stops outputting the corresponding control signal CS1 to the energy storage circuit 4641, and the energy storage circuit 4641 completes storage of the electrical energy. In addition, when the external power source stops providing the input voltage VIN, the energy storage circuits 4641 and 4642 may supply power to the PWM signal generator 120 and charge the energy storage element 140 with the backup power EE through the diode D41.
Further, each of the energy storage circuits 4641 and 4642 has the input terminal INT, the control terminal CT, and the output terminal OT. The input terminal INT of the first energy storage circuit 4641 is coupled to the charging circuit 262 to receive the first voltage V1. The output terminal OT of the first energy storage circuit 4641 is coupled to the input terminal INT of the second energy storage circuit 4642 and the PWM signal generator 120. The output terminal OT of the second energy storage circuit 4642 is coupled to the anode terminal of the diode D41 and the PWM signal generator 120.
The control terminal CT of the energy storage circuit 4641 receives the control signal CS1, and the control terminal CT of the energy storage circuit 4642 receives the control signal CS2. In this embodiment, the energy storage circuit 4641 includes a power switch Q21, a diode D421, and an energy storage capacitor CA21. A first terminal and a control terminal of the power switch Q21 respectively serve as the input terminal INT and the control terminal CT of the energy storage circuit 4641. An anode terminal of the diode D421 is coupled to a second terminal of the power switch Q21. A first terminal of the energy storage capacitor CA21 and a cathode terminal of the diode D421 are coupled to each other to serve as the output terminal OT of the energy storage circuit 4641. A second terminal of the energy storage capacitor CA21 is coupled to the ground terminal GND1. Similarly, the energy storage circuit 4642 includes a power switch Q22, a diode D422, and an energy storage capacitor CA22. A first terminal and a control terminal of the power switch Q22 respectively serve as the input terminal INT and the control terminal CT of the energy storage circuit 4642. An anode terminal of the diode D422 is coupled to a second terminal of the power switch Q22. A first terminal of the energy storage capacitor CA22 and a cathode terminal of the diode D422 are coupled to each other to serve as the output terminal OT of the energy storage circuit 4642. A second terminal of the energy storage capacitor CA22 is coupled to the ground terminal GND1.
Operational details of the charging circuit 262 and the power backup circuit 464 of FIG. 4 are described as follows. With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, when the external power source starts providing the input voltage VIN to the power conversion apparatus 100, the auxiliary winding Na may charge the auxiliary capacitor CA1 through the diode D21 and provide the first voltage V1 at the first node N1. Further, the auxiliary winding Na may charge the energy storage element 140 through the diodes D21 and D22.
The PWM signal generator 120 may detect the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 through the power terminal PVCC. When the PWM signal generator 120 detects that the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 is charged to be greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, the PWM signal generator 120 may output the control signals CS1 and CS2 having the logic high level to respectively turn on the power switches Q21 and Q22. As such, the auxiliary winding Na starts charging the energy storage capacitors CA21 and CA22 through the diodes D21, D421, and D422 to serve as the backup power EE together.
In addition, the PWM signal generator 120 may detect the voltage VS2 of the energy storage capacitor CA22 through the output terminal OT of the energy storage circuit 4642. When the voltage VS2 of the energy storage capacitor CA22 is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, it means that the energy storage capacitor CA22 is fully charged, and the PWM signal generator 120 may thereby stop outputting the control signal CS2 or may output the control signal CS2 having the logic low level to turn off the power switch Q22. Similarly, the PWM signal generator 120 may detect the voltage VS1 of the energy storage capacitor CA21 through the output terminal OT of the energy storage circuit 4641. When the voltage VS1 of the energy storage capacitor CA21 is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage VT, it means that the energy storage capacitor CA21 is fully charged, and the PWM signal generator 120 may thereby stop outputting the control signal CS1 or may output the control signal CS1 having the logic low level to turn off the power switch Q21.
From another perspective, when the external power source stops providing the input voltage VIN, the auxiliary winding Na stops supplying power to the PWM signal generator 120 and stops charging the energy storage element 140, as such, the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 drops. When a voltage difference between the voltage VS2 of the energy storage capacitor CA22 and the voltage VCC of the energy storage element 140 is greater than the cut-in voltage of the diode D41, the diode D41 is turned on. As such, the electrical energy stored by the energy storage capacitor CA22 may be used to supply power to the PWM signal generator 120 and charge the energy storage element 140. In addition, when a voltage difference between the voltage VS1 of the energy storage capacitor CA21 and the voltage VS2 of the energy storage capacitor CA22 is greater than a cut-in voltage of the diode D422, the PWM signal generator 120 may turn on the power switch Q22. As such, the energy storage capacitors CA21 and CA22 supply power to the PWM signal generator 120 and charge the energy storage element 140 together.
Note that FIG. 3 serves as an example illustrating the power backup circuit 264 having the diode D41 and one energy storage circuit 641 and FIG. 4 serves as an example illustrating the power backup circuit 464 having the diode D41 and two energy storage circuits 4641 and 4642, but the disclosure does not intend to limit the number of the energy storage circuit in the power backup circuit. In other embodiments of the disclosure, the power backup circuit may include a diode and N energy storage circuit(s), where N may be any positive integer. The N energy storage circuit(s) is/are connected in series in sequence and is/are connected in series between the charging circuit and the anode terminal of the diode of the power backup circuit. Implementation and operational details related to the N energy storage circuit(s) may be deduced with reference to the related description of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, and thereby, repeated description is not provided herein.
In view of the foregoing, the power conversion apparatus provided by the embodiments of the disclosure may supply power to the PWM signal generator according to the stored backup power when the power conversion apparatus is powered off, such that the hold-up time that the power conversion apparatus continuously provides the output voltage is extended.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the disclosure covers modifications and variations provided that they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.
1. A power conversion apparatus, comprising:
a transformer, having a primary winding and an auxiliary winding, wherein the primary winding is configured to receive an input voltage from an external power source, and the auxiliary winding is configured to provide an auxiliary voltage;
a first power switch, coupled to the primary winding, and controlled by a pulse width modulation signal;
a pulse width modulation signal generator, coupled to the first power switch, and configured to generate the pulse width modulation signal to control on and off of the first power switch;
an energy storage element, coupled to a power terminal of the pulse width modulation signal generator; and
a power circuit, coupled to the auxiliary winding, the power terminal of the pulse width modulation signal generator, and the energy storage element, and configured to supply power to the pulse width modulation signal generator and charge the energy storage element according to the auxiliary voltage,
wherein the power circuit stores a backup power according to the auxiliary voltage when a voltage of the energy storage element is greater than or equal to a threshold voltage, wherein the power circuit supplies power to the pulse width modulation signal generator and charges the energy storage element according to the backup power when the external power source stops providing the input voltage.
2. The power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pulse width modulation signal generator detects the voltage of the energy storage element through the power terminal, wherein when the voltage of the energy storage element is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, the pulse width modulation signal generator outputs a control signal group to the power circuit, and the power circuit stores the backup power according to the auxiliary voltage in response to the control signal group.
3. The power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pulse width modulation signal generator is further configured to detect a voltage of the backup power, wherein when the voltage of the backup power is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, the pulse width modulation signal generator stops outputting the control signal group to the power circuit, and the power circuit completes storage of the backup power.
4. The power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the threshold voltage is a minimum voltage required by the pulse width modulation signal generator for normal operation.
5. The power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power circuit comprises:
a charging circuit, coupled to the auxiliary winding, the power terminal of the pulse width modulation signal generator, and the energy storage element, configured to rectify and filter the auxiliary voltage to generate a first voltage, and supplying power to the pulse width modulation signal generator and charging the energy storage element according to the first voltage; and
a power backup circuit, coupled to the charging circuit, the power terminal of the pulse width modulation signal generator, and the energy storage element, wherein the power backup circuit stores the backup power according to the first voltage when the voltage of the energy storage element is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, wherein the power backup circuit supplies power to the pulse width modulation signal generator and charges the energy storage element according to the backup power when the external power source stops providing the input voltage.
6. The power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein a first terminal of the auxiliary winding is coupled to a ground terminal, and the charging circuit comprises:
a first diode, an anode terminal of the first diode coupled to a second terminal of the auxiliary winding to receive the auxiliary voltage, and a cathode terminal of the first diode coupled to a first node and providing the first voltage; an auxiliary capacitor, a first terminal of the auxiliary capacitor coupled to the ground terminal, and a second terminal of the auxiliary capacitor coupled to the first node; and
a second diode, an anode terminal of the second diode coupled to the first node, and a cathode terminal of the second diode coupled to the power terminal of the pulse width modulation signal generator and the energy storage element.
7. The power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the power backup circuit comprises:
a first diode, a cathode terminal of the first diode coupled to the power terminal of the pulse width modulation signal generator and the energy storage element; and
N energy storage circuits, the N energy storage circuits connected in series in sequence, and connected in series between the charging circuit and an anode terminal of the first diode, wherein N is a positive integer,
wherein when the voltage of the energy storage element is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, the pulse width modulation signal generator outputs N control signals to the N energy storage circuits respectively, and the N energy storage circuits store electrical energy according to the first voltage to together serve as the backup power in response to the N control signals respectively,
wherein the N energy storage circuits supply power to the pulse width modulation signal generator and charge the energy storage element with the backup power through the first diode when the external power source stops providing the input voltage.
8. The power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein:
the pulse width modulation signal generator is further configured to detect a voltage of the electrical energy stored by each of the N energy storage circuits, wherein when the voltage of the electrical energy stored by one of the N energy storage circuits is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, the pulse width modulation signal generator stops outputting a corresponding one of the N control signals to the energy storage circuit, and the energy storage circuit completes storage of the electrical energy.
each energy storage circuit in the N energy storage circuits has an input terminal, a control terminal, and an output terminal, the input terminal of a first energy storage circuit in the N energy storage circuits is coupled to the charging circuit to receive the first voltage, the output terminal of a Mth energy storage circuit of the N energy storage circuits is coupled to the input terminal of a (M+1)th energy storage circuit of the N energy storage circuits, the output terminal of an Nth energy storage circuit of the N energy storage circuits is coupled to the anode terminal of the first diode, and the control terminal of each energy storage circuit of the N energy storage circuits receives one of the N control signals, wherein M is a positive integer less than N.
10. The power conversion apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein each energy storage circuit of the N energy storage circuits comprises:
a second power switch, a first terminal and a control terminal of the second power switch respectively serve as the input terminal and the control terminal of the energy storage circuit;
a second diode, an anode terminal of the second diode coupled to a second terminal of the second power switch; and
an energy storage capacitor, a first terminal of the energy storage capacitor coupled to a cathode terminal of the second diode to serve as the output terminal of the energy storage circuit, and a second terminal of the energy storage capacitor coupled to a ground terminal.
Publication Date: Nov 5, 2020
Applicant: Acer Incorporated (New Taipei City)
Inventor: Tzu-Tseng Chan (New Taipei City)
International Classification: H02M 3/335 (20060101);


text:
Family And Family In The Outsiders By S. E Hinton
When you think of family you might think of adults and their children, or kids who lost their parents but are still related to each other. The Outsiders by S.E Hinton tells otherwise. It shows that even if you are not related, you can still be family; you can still have love and affection for each other. In the book, there is a contradiction between the gang's biological family and their "family". There is connection shown between the greasers from the Socs in the blue Mustang to Johnny dying in the hospital not wanting to see his mother. Johnny is a member of the gang that is not wanted and cared for by his parents but musters to find a strong bond with the gang and him. The family that cares about you is the most important type of family because they are always there for you and love you. The Outsiders, a realistic fiction book by S.E Hinton, shows the notion that the most important family is the one that appreciates you even though many people say that your biological family can connect more with you.
Family is the people with whom you share a strong bond. Before the rumble, Ponyboy realized the difference between his gang and the Socs. The greasers weren't just a gang; they had a strong connection. The Socs were just a gang; they had no compassion, no love. Dally killed himself because of Johnny's death but Randy hid his feelings not wanting to show them; his reputation mattered more. "That was the difference between his gang and ours- they had a leader and were
Character Analysis: Sonny Blues
Sonny Blues Paul Pearshall once said "Our most basic instinct is not for survival but for family. Most of us would give our own life for the survival of a family member, yet we lead our daily life too often as if we take our family for granted". In this story the conflict of responsibility takes place. A brother, who happens to be the narrator, blames his self for the events that takes place in his life, such as his brother sonny's crack addiction. The Narrator feels responsible for his brother's heroin addiction because he believed he shut his brother's career goals down, felt as though he went against what his mother asked him to do, and because he chose not to believe that the way he treated his brother affected his brother life.
The Tell Tale Heart And The Masque Of Red Death Analysis
The narrator in "The Tell-Tale Heart" thought he was hearing the guy's heart beat after he had killed him. This couldn't be possible because he cut the guy up and there was no way that his heart could still be beating. He was hearing this "heart-beat" because he was feeling guilty from killing the old man. "...it is the beating of his hideous heart." The people in the "The Masque of the Red Death" thought they were seeing a masked person at the party that was killing everyone but in my opinion I think they were imaging it. I think they were imaging it because it never describes the person in the story.
Why Hamlet Delays In Killing His Uncle, King Claudius
Quite some time after Hamlet discovered Claudius was his father 's killer. Some historians and literary experts would say Hamlet 's strong religious believes held him back from performing this sinful deed. Others say that Hamlet was a melancholic and therefore was too depressed to kill his uncle. Infamous psychologist, Sigmund Freud, felt Hamlet suffered from an oedipal complex and could not kill Claudius because he himself wished to be in Claudius ' royal position.
Revenge In Ishmael Beah's A Long Way Gone
He believed joining the army would get revenge for his family. Revenge is never the answer relates to this because, Ishmael joined the army to seek revenge on those who killed his family. He was so consumed by
Analysis Of Obierika From Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart
Obierika did not come along to see the boy killed, even though everyone expected him to, as was the custom. He did not want to see any innocent blood spilled, even though the Igbo often went to war for small reasons and mutilated dead children they believed to be mischievous spirits. Obierika also lay at night, thinking about his cultural ways and why they were that way. He thought about children being buried in the forest and men being banished for things beyond their control. All this right after he had run his own best friend out of town and
The Influence Of Gangs In The Outsiders By S. E Hinton
In the novel The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton the character Darrel Curtis is unquestionably influenced by his gang as it prevents him from being successful, to becoming the father of the gang, and overall being someone to look up to. Darrel or Dary has always wanted to become something amazing in life but sadly when his parents died in a fatal car crash, he was left to raise his two younger
The Misfit Short Story
"It's no real pleasure in life" he had said to his partners after killing the grandmother. He had to do it, didn't he? Make sure that neither her nor her family would be able to recognize him and give, the police, a clue as to his whereabouts. But, maybe, he didn't have to do it. He could've just scared them, scared them enough so as to have them not even mention having seen him.
Revenge In Alexandre Dumas's The Count Of Monte Cristo
He could not go after Danglars family because he was not as close to his family as he was with his money. Dantes knew that Danglars wife was having an affair and so did Danglars; therefore, his wife living him did not hurt him as much as him losing all of his money and being left with nothing. Danglars was able to escape before everyone found out that he had nothing left. However, in the movie Dantes came after Danglars by using violence. Dantes fights Danglars with his sword and then he ends up hanging him, but he does not let him die.
Chris Mccaandless Persuasive Analysis
Despite knowing the risks of this stunt, he continued with it anyway. Similar to McCandless, Knievel was being reckless, which had affected others around him. McCandless had left his family to travel to Alaska and live in the wild in search of enlightenment. After his death, word about his journey spread around the country. Many viewed McCandless to be egotistical due to the fact that he left his entire life to pursue his personal desires, and he didn't think about how others would feel after he left, or if he did, he didn't care.
Essay On My Brother Sam Is Dead
The irony of Sam's death is alike to Life's death. They were both loyal to their sides yet are still killed by their allies, but Sam's death is to another extent. Sam is directly killed by his general after being falsely accused of attempting to steal his own cattle. Tim also knows that it wasn't Sam who stole the cattle yet no one believes him. He realizes that war is unforgiving, no matter how much blood, sweat, and tears you put into it, you will not be given mercy.
More about Family And Family In The Outsiders By S. E Hinton


text:
Кремень — многозначное понятие:

 Креме́нь — минерал.
 Креме́нь — часть огнива.

Фамилия
 Кремень, Анатолий Степанович (род. 1929) — машинист экскаватора, Герой Социалистического Труда, заслуженный строитель Белорусской ССР.
 Кремень, Василий Григорьевич (род. 1947) — советский и украинский учёный и политический деятель.
 Кремень, Дмитрий Дмитриевич (1953—2019) — украинский поэт, публицист, эссеист, переводчик.
 Кремень, Илона Эдуардовна (род. 1994) — белорусская теннисистка.
 Кремень, Ксения Семёновна (1921—1996) — советский учёный-африканист.
 Кремень, Маркс Аронович (род. 1932) — белорусский психолог, доктор психологических наук, профессор.
 Кремень, Пинхус (1890—1981) — французский художник белорусско-еврейского происхождения, представитель Парижской школы.

В спорте
 «Кремень» — украинский футбольный клуб из Кременчуга.
 «Кремень-2» — фарм-клуб «Кремня»
 «Кремень Политехник» — украинский баскетбольный клуб из Кременчуга.
 «Кремень-Арена» — стадион в Кременчуге.

В культуре
 «Кремень» — российский фильм 2007 года режиссёра Алексея Мизгирёва.
 «Кремень» — многосерийный российский фильм 2012 года.

См. также
 Кре́мний
 Кременская
 Кременской


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WHEREAS, the Village Code, Section 32.42, provides the Village President, with the consent of the Board of Trustees, shall appoint the members of the Board of Fire and Police Commissioners to serve for a term of three years and until their respective successors are appointed and have qualified;
Current Commissioners are:
Diane Vander Kooy term expires May 1, 2021
Jared Koester term expires May 1, 2022
Terry Wood term expires May 1, 2023
1. The membership of the Planning Commission shall consist of nine members.
2. Any resident of voting age of the Village of Chatham or resident of unincorporated Sangamon County with 1½ miles of Chatham shall be eligible to participate as a member of the Planning Commission. The President may accept recommendations for member to the Planning Commission from any citizen within the Village of Chatham.
3. Members to the Planning Commission shall be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Village Board of Trustees. Such appointments shall be made...
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text:
Q: What's wrong with this circuit? Hello stack community!
I've just started to learn about logical gates for my university course.
I'm trying to design and run a simple circuit with not gates in Proteus as below:

But I'm facing with this error message as I try to run it:

I would appreciate if anyone can help me figure out what the problem is? Or Is there any correct form of  this?

A:
Problems:

*

*1 and 2. Short circuits between V+ and V-.

*3, 4, 5 & 6. Short circuits between inverter inputs and outputs.

*7 and 8. LEDs with no current limiting resistors.

It looks like you copied the outline of a hex-inverter chip into your schematic. (That was wrong.)

Tip for future questions:

*

*Turn off the grid before taking a screengrab.

*Screengrab on the computer rather than take a photo.

*Crop the image.

A: You have not only short-circuited the gate inputs and outputs but also the power supply.
In my opinion, a  little practical experience would stand you in good stead.
To start with, you would do well to get hands-on experience with gate logic by using switches and lamps.

That would also help you understand how to wire up a circuit.
Later you could try your hand with ICs.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Archive for tag: United Nations
300+ Civil Society Groups Counter-Mobilize Against UN Food Systems Summit
By lercpaIn climate change, United Nations Sustainable Development GoalsTags sustainable agriculture, United Nations
By Kenny Stancil "Repeating the agri-business-as-usual model to solve the food and climate crisis cannot deliver on the holistic and systemic transformation of...
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By Jessica Corbett United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres on Sunday issued a statement emphasizing the importance of ambitious climate action after officials at...
UN Agencies Call for a Decade of Restoring Ecosystems to Confront Biodiversity and Climate Emergencies
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By Matthew Beyer In the international system, there are over 3,500 environmental agreements governing thousands of distinct ecosystems across hundreds of different nations. This complex spider-web of...
Indian Prime Minister Modi: A UN Climate Champion
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By UTKARSH VIVEK On October 3rd the Prime Minister of India received the United Nation's Champion of the Earth Award in the Policy Leadership Category for his...
12 Countries Sign Historic Agreement Guaranteeing Environmental Rights in Latin America and the Caribbean
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Air pollution can threaten the health and well-being of entire communities. Perhaps no one knows this better than villagers from Quinteros and Puchuncaví, Chile.
The two towns have been dealing with air pollution from nearby industrial parks since the 1970s. High levels of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter have damaged crops and sickened children, elderly people and animals. While the government has prepared a decontamination plan, there have already been at least two more air pollution episodes just this year that affected local schools and communities.
GREEN LEADERS RETREAT is JUNE 8th! Accelerating Local Community Solutions Using the UN Sustainable Development Goals
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By Janine Finnell, Executive Director, Leaders in Energy On Friday, June 8th, 2018, green leaders from across the Washington Metro region will explore how to...
UNA-NCA Acts on Affordable Clean Energy
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By EMILY SCHAUB, UNA-NCA Program Coordinator Note: The original article appeared on the United Nations Association – National Capital Area website and is being reposted...


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Home Forums > Science > Earth Science >
Is global warming even real?
Discussion in 'Earth Science' started by Ilikeponies579, Dec 16, 2014.
iceaura Valued Senior Member
sculptor said:
Using a new technique to measure the sun's magnetic waves, Valentina Zharkova, a professor of mathematics at Northumbria University in England, told the Royal Astronomical Society's National Astronomy Meeting last week that sunspot activity could drop as much as 60 percent to 70 percent between 2030 and 2040 from the current cycle.
That guy you posted before,
- the one who proved the Maunder Minimum never existed
he's no longer operational?
That's the nature of science. A theory/an hypothesis is proposed, and then refined and then refined and then refined..........
Questions should lead to more questions.
And precious few absolutes.
Half the stuff you've been posting contradicts the other half. Is that what you mean by no absolutes - no evidence of anything in particular? Everything contradicted by everything else and we agree to know nothing?
"Runaway greenhouse theories contradict energy balance equations," Miskolczi states. Just as the theory of relativity sets an upper limit on velocity, his theory sets an upper limit on the greenhouse effect, a limit which prevents it from warming the Earth more than a certain amount.
Sure. Although the reference to relativity theory is a symptom of whack status, and the similarity is obviously distant, it's pretty well accepted that there is an upper bound to greenhouse heating via the gases at issue so far. So?
That's almost irrelevant, unless he can show the upper bound is within some range of interest for human civilization - which he can't - or that the inability to run away to infinity means the warming rate cannot be accelerated by positive feedback over a temperature range of great significance to human life on this planet, which it doesn't.
And so forth. As always: what is the argument?
iceaura, Mar 12, 2016
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50 Heritics:
Scientists all:
Damn, I wish I had saved a link to the page on this forum where I predicted this - every couple of years the sewage fountain emits another one of these lists of scientists supposedly in conflict with AGW. What is this, the sixth or seventh? And every single frigging time their target audience of amnesiacs takes up the list and waves it around like it's a work of great significance and proves something, and somebody has to wade through the damn thing and toss out the garbage and lies and misrepresentations and misappropriations and invalid attributions and quotes taken out of context and paid shills and dishonest credentials and it takes too long - I did it once, here, paid my dues, I'm not doing it any more.
Schneibster and zgmc like this.
sculptor Valued Senior Member
Perspective matters!
sculptor, Mar 13, 2016
zgmc Registered Senior Member
iceaura said: ↑
It's probably pointless anyway. I looked up one of them. Maybe he is a physicist? But his last job was assistant professor of philosophy. Now he works for heartland institute, and bases his denial on the work of a guy who couldn't hack it at NASA.
zgmc, Mar 13, 2016
Schneibster likes this.
sculptor said: ↑
You have the proper perspective I presume?
49 to go
don't stop now
zgmc said: ↑
that's momentary
the goal is objectivity
Mine is of someone who actually went through a couple of those lists, and paid my dues, and did not forget the lesson learned.
It's full of shit. So were the last half dozen. Furthermore, it is impossible that such a list can have been compiled by accident or in ignorance. Find your source, note it for future reference, and cease spamming science forums with anything from that source. It has proven itself a worthless purveyor of the lowest of unethical and cynically exploitative propaganda, and the penalty should be banishment.
Ophiolite Valued Senior Member
If you had any integrity you would examine the names on the list critically, not clasp it to your bosom as vindication of your distorted beliefs. A cursory glance at two or three of them reveals that iceaura's characterisation of them is likely sound. And even if the list was valid - shock horror! Fifty individuals don't agree with thousands of their peers. Who would have thunk it?
Ophiolite, Mar 13, 2016
No one who was/is in the agw camp would compose such an anti ipcc list.
I had thought that so obvious as to not be worthy of mention.
Meanwhile zgmc has a problem with one of them = 2% objectionable= 98% are ok?
and Ophiolite has a problem with another 2 or 3 of them = 4%-6% objectionable = 94% to 96% are ok?
meanwhile, let us consider:
13. Dr Eigil Friis-Christensen: "The IPCC refused to consider the sun's effect on the Earth's climate as a topic worthy of investigation. The IPCC conceived its task only as investigating potential human causes of climate change."
Just how much do you trust(or distrust) this guy? Is/was he lying? Is/was he accurate in that assessment?
The question at hand is roughly: Do opposing viewpoints enrich the science?
My answer would be an obvious "YES".
Yours?
Once again you are either being deliberately obtuse, or ....... I stated that a cursory glance at 2 or 3 had the same kind of problem noted for the one that was analysed. That's 100% of the instances examined. It does not mean that 94% or 96% are OK. That only works if you are trying to delude yourself or others.
"cursory glance"
hmm......................
Does that represent a different branch of science:
Wherein cursory glances set the tone and nature of the discipline?
Is that the best I should expect from you?
meanwhile, let us consider "Unrest on the sun - storms on the Earth. The magnetic connection" by Friis-Christensen
Who in opposition to a video stated:
The audience is told that the L+FC results demonstrate (a) the sun drove temperature changes over the past 400 years, and (b) no other agents were involved in changing the climate in that time. This is an overstatement that is not supported by the graph, interview statements by Friis-Christensen in the program, nor any related scientific literature. Although solar variations seem to be a major cause of climate variations on centennial and millennial time scales in the pre-industrial era (see for example Bond et al.,2001 [Science, 294: 2130-6]), there are certainly other natural sources of climate change. For the industrialised period, the L+FC (and other) results do not exclude an effect from man-made greenhouse gases.
"Do not exclude"
yes--------------broaden that out to the entirety of the sciences.
Let's have a link to where you found that statement.
http://m.climaterealists.com/?id=8355
Is this it? From 2011.
Yet another link that conflicts with earlier links, yet another rabbit hole to chase the bunny down. I suppose if it's only going to take a few seconds:
wiki said:
- While the correlation established by Dr. Friis-Christensen and Dr. Lassen falls short of definite proof, a number of scientists nevertheless called it remarkable in its close fit between the solar and temperature trends."[9] Subsequent work with updated data has found that the correlation has not stood up. - -
Friis-Christensen agreed that any correlation between sunspots and global warming that he may have identified in the 1991 study has since broken down. There is, he said, a clear "divergence" between the sunspots and global temperatures after 1986, - - -
The "Gish Gallop" was named for a creationist, but it's not patented - anyone can employ it. Why would they?
copy and paste and search the heading:
Voici 50 citations d'experts qui ont travaillé pour le GIEC. Le GIEC utilise des experts pour reviser leur documents, mais souvent ingnorent les recommandations de ces experts quand ça ne correspond pas à ce qu'ils veulent entendre.
here's a shortcut:
https://crioux.wordpress.com/2015/08/19/citations-dexperts-du-giec/
Most likely a reprint -----? Of a reprint? of a reprint?
Your: http://m.climaterealists.com/?id=8355 is also most likely a reprint?
as/re:
What statement?
Wingnut spam cannot be converted into high class posting by translating it into French.
post 1116 involved a retraction by one of those 50, btw.
Here's the info on another of them, chosen at random from the first dozen or so, who informs us that ocean acidification is not a problem from the CO2 boost: http://www.oceanassoc.com/Bio_Dr_John_T_Everett_Resume_All/_resumeJohn_T_Everett2012.pdf
Dr Eigil Friis-Christensen wrote: "The IPCC refused to consider the sun's effect on the Earth's climate as a topic worthy of investigation. The IPCC conceived its task only as investigating potential human causes of climate change."
see post 1091
"out the other end pops agw and only agw"
When science gets in bed with politics, they create bastard children.
Unless, of course Eigil Friis-Christensen is wrong.
Is he?
Well all I can say is that if you search for "Solar Forcing" among the IPCC publications you get 787 results. This was the first one I picked:
The estimates of long-term solar irradiance changes used in the TAR (e.g., Hoyt and Schatten, 1993; Lean et al., 1995) have been revised downwards, based on new studies indicating that bright solar faculae likely contributed a smaller irradiance increase since the Maunder Minimum than was originally suggested by the range of brightness in Sun-like stars (Hall and Lockwood, 2004; M. Wang et al., 2005). However, empirical results since the TAR have strengthened the evidence for solar forcing of climate change by identifying detectable tropospheric changes associated with solar variability, including during the solar cycle (Section 9.2; van Loon and Shea, 2000; Douglass and Clader, 2002; Gleisner and Thejll, 2003; Haigh, 2003; Stott et al., 2003; Whiteet al., 2003; Coughlin and Tung, 2004; Labitzke, 2004; Crooks and Gray, 2005). The most likely mechanism is considered to be some combination of direct forcing by changes in total solar irradiance, and indirect effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the stratosphere. Least certain, and under ongoing debate as discussed in the TAR, are indirect effects induced by galactic cosmic rays (e.g., Marsh and Svensmark, 2000a,b; Kristjánsson et al., 2002; Sun and Bradley, 2002)
Here is a portion of result 70ish.
TS.2.4 Radiative Forcing Due to Solar Activity and Volcanic Eruptions
Continuous monitoring of total solar irradiance now covers the last 28 years. The data show a well-established 11-year cycle in irradiance that varies by 0.08% from solar cycle minima to maxima, with no significant long-term trend. New data have more accurately quantified changes in solar spectral fluxes over a broad range of wavelengths in association with changing solar activity. Improved calibrations using high-quality overlapping measurements have also contributed to a better understanding. Current understanding of solar physics and the known sources of irradiance variability suggest comparable irradiance levels during the past two solar cycles, including at solar minima. The primary known cause of contemporary irradiance variability is the presence on the Sun's disk of sunspots (compact, dark features where radiation is locally depleted) and faculae (extended bright features where radiation is locally enhanced). {2.7}
The estimated direct radiative forcing due to changes in the solar output since 1750 is +0.12 [+0.06 to +0.3] W m–2, which is less than half of the estimate given in the TAR, with a low level of scientific understanding. The reduced radiative forcing estimate comes from a re-evaluation of the long-term change in solar irradiance since 1610 (the Maunder Minimum) based upon: a new reconstruction using a model of solar magnetic flux variations that does not invoke geomagnetic, cosmogenic or stellar proxies; improved understanding of recent solar variations and their relationship to physical processes; and re-evaluation of the variations of Sun-like stars. While this leads to an elevation in the level of scientific understanding from very low in the TAR to low in this assessment, uncertainties remain large because of the lack of direct observations and incomplete understanding of solar variability mechanisms over long time scales. {2.7, 6.6}
Given that they devote so much attention to sun's effect on climate it looks as if the good doctor may be overstating the case. When you've worked your way through the other 785 items perhaps you can report back.


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'We're poised for new leadership': IHL hosts first listening session in chancellor search
Posted on Jun 19 2019 - 7:53pm by Kenneth Niemeyer
ChancellorCommitteeIHLlistening sessionSearchUMMC
NTSB releases preliminary report on Oxford plane crash
The Board of Trustees of State Institutions of Higher Learning discussed potential chancellor candidates' ability to recruit students and manage multiple campuses at its first listening session with University of Mississippi Medical Center students, faculty and alumni.
Though no students spoke during the first part of the listening session, Edgar Meyer, former Associated Student Body President of the University of Mississippi Medical Center, said that he would like to have a chancellor that was more invested in the medical school.
"I, on behalf of the students at UMMC, would like to see someone who would have a vested interest in what's going on with the medical center campus," Meyer said.
Dr. Ford Dye. File photo by Katherine Butler.
Ford Dye, Vice President of The Board of Trustees of State Institutions of Higher Learning, said that the board had done "behind the scenes" communication with various stakeholders since January and came up with a list of criteria for the new chancellor.
One of the criteria points listed was to have a chancellor who could have an understanding of a complex medical center.
Several medical center faculty members said that they would like to see the next chancellor bring the Jackson and Oxford campuses together in different ways.
Bill Gates, a member of the University of Mississippi Chancellor Search Advisory Committee, said that having to separate campuses is not unique and other universities present good models.
"It might behoove us that this person visits (the University of Arkansas) or visits (the University of Georgia) to learn from them because I would assume that the issues here are present elsewhere," Gates said.
Many alumni asked the board if they were looking for a chancellor who would recruit students from Mississippi.
Noel Wilkin, Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, said that the university had expanded its digital and print approach to reaching Mississippi students and developed a plan to reach them earlier in the recruitment process.
"We're poised for new leadership… this person is not coming into a broken university," Wilkin said.
University of Mississippi Medical Center. Photo Courtesy: UM Communications
Dion Kevin, former Associated Student Body President, said he wanted a chancellor that wanted to be involved with students. Kevin also asked what changes were made in this search process that were different from the last chancellor search.
"I'm sure we had a similar vision for chancellor that we had in the past, and obviously those didn't flesh out the way that we wanted them to flesh out," Kevin said.
Dye also said that the board would be able to interview stronger candidates in the process because members of the search committee were asked to sign confidentiality forms which would attract candidates that were successful in their current positions.
"I want somebody for this job who is happy where they are. I don't want someone who is looking for the next job," Dye said. "I want someone who is a strong leader."


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Posted By Marta Rosicki On August 19th 2015. Under College Admission Help Tags: college admission help, college admissions advising, college admissions coaching .
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