本発明は、車両の周辺の画像を表示する技術に関する。 The present invention relates to a technique for displaying an image around the vehicle.
一般に、自動車などの車両のドライバは、車室内に配置されるルームミラー(インナーリアビューミラー)を用いて車両の周辺の後方を確認する。 In general, a vehicle such as an automobile driver checks the rear of the periphery of the vehicle using the rearview mirror arranged in the vehicle interior (inner rear view mirror). しかしながら、このようなルームミラーを用いた場合でも、車室内の後部の同乗者や荷物により視界が遮られることなどにより、車両の周辺の後方の確認が難しくなる場合がある。 However, even with such a rearview mirror, such as by sight is blocked by the rear portion of the passenger and luggage in the vehicle interior, there is a case where confirmation of the rear periphery of the vehicle becomes difficult. また、コンテナを有するトラックなどの車両の場合は、車両の周辺の後方の確認にルームミラーが利用できない場合もある。 In addition, in the case of a vehicle such as a truck with a container, there is a case where the rear-view mirror to check the back of the vicinity of the vehicle is not available.
このため、近年、カメラを用いて車両の周辺の後方の被写体を撮影し、該被写体の像を含む画像を車室内のルームミラーの位置に配置された表示装置に表示する画像表示システムが提案されている。 Therefore, in recent years, using a camera to photograph a subject of the rear periphery of the vehicle, an image display system for displaying on a display device an image arranged at a position in the cabin room mirror including an image of the subject is proposed ing. この画像表示システムのユーザとなる車両のドライバは、車室内の後部の同乗者や荷物の影響を受けずに、車両の周辺の後方を安定して確認できる(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。 Driver of the vehicle as a user of the image display system, without being affected by the vehicle interior of the rear part of the passenger and luggage, the rear of the periphery of the vehicle stably be confirmed (e.g., see Patent Document 1.).
ところで、車両のドライバは、一般的なルームミラーを用いて、車両の周辺の後方のみならず、同乗者や荷物などの車室内の後部を確認する場合もある。 By the way, the driver of the vehicle, using a common room mirror, not only behind in the vicinity of the vehicle, there is a case to check the rear of the passenger compartment, such as a passenger and luggage. 上記の画像表示システムでは車室内を示す画像は表示されないため、ユーザは、車室内の後部を確認することはできない。 Since in the above image display system image showing the vehicle interior is not displayed, the user can not see the rear of the passenger compartment.
このため、表示装置の表示画面にハーフミラーを有する画像表示システムが提案されている。 Therefore, the image display system having a half mirror has been proposed on the display screen of the display device. この画像表示システムでは、表示装置のバックライトを消灯してハーフミラーの内側を暗くすることで、車室内の後部の像を映すミラーとして表示装置の表示画面を機能させることができる。 In this image display system, by darkening the inside of the half mirror off the backlight of the display device can be made to function the display screen of the display device as a mirror that reflects the rear of the image of the vehicle interior.
しかしながら、このような画像表示システムを用いた場合には、バックライトの消灯に伴って、バックライトに対応する表示装置の表示画面の領域全体がミラーとして機能する。 However, when using such an image display system, with the turning off of the backlight, the whole area of the display screen of the display device corresponding to the backlight to function as a mirror. このため、表示装置の表示画面の一部の領域のみをミラーとして用いることはできない。 Therefore, it is not possible to use only part of the area of the display screen of the display device as a mirror. このため例えば、ユーザは、車両の周辺の後方と車室内の後部とを同時に確認することは難しい。 Thus for example, the user, it is difficult to check the rear of the rear and the passenger compartment near the vehicle at the same time.
本発明は、上記課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、表示画面の一部の領域のみをミラーとして用いることができる技術を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a technique which can be used only a part of the area of the display screen as a mirror.
上記課題を解決するため、請求項1の発明は、車両の車室内に配置される表示装置の表示画面に表示させるための表示画像を生成する画像処理装置であって、前記表示装置の前記表示画面は、ハーフミラーを有し、前記画像処理装置は、車両の周辺を撮影するカメラの撮影画像を取得する取得手段と、前記撮影画像を用いて前記表示画像を生成する生成手段と、前記表示画像を前記表示装置に出力して前記表示画面に表示させる出力手段と、を備え、前記生成手段は、前記表示画像の一部の領域を黒画にする。 To solve the above problems, the invention of claim 1 is an image processing apparatus for generating a display image to be displayed on the display screen of the display device disposed in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the display of the display device screen has a half mirror, the image processing apparatus includes an acquisition unit for acquiring a camera captured image of the shooting vicinity of the vehicle, a generating unit that generates the display image using the captured image, wherein the display comprising an output means for outputting an image on the display device to be displayed on the display screen, wherein the generating means a partial region of the displayed image on the black screen.
また、請求項2の発明は、請求項1に記載の画像処理装置において、ユーザの操作に応じた操作信号を受信する受信手段と、をさらに備え、前記生成手段は、前記操作信号に応じて前記表示画像のうち前記黒画にする領域を変更する。 Further, the invention of claim 2, the image processing apparatus according to claim 1, a receiving unit that receives an operation signal according to a user's operation, further wherein the generating means, depending on the operation signal to change the area to the black screen of the display image.
また、請求項3の発明は、請求項1に記載の画像処理装置において、前記表示画像のうちのユーザが指定する領域を指定領域として受け付ける受付手段、をさらに備え、前記生成手段は、前記表示画像のうち前記指定領域を前記黒画にする。 Further, the invention of claim 3, the image processing apparatus according to claim 1, receiving means for receiving an area designated by the user among the displayed image as the designated region, further wherein the generating means, said display It said designated region of the image to the black screen.
また、請求項4の発明は、請求項1に記載の画像処理装置において、前記車両の車室内で発生した音を検出する検出手段と、前記音の発生位置を判定する判定手段と、を備え、前記生成手段は、前記検出手段が前記音を検出した場合は、前記表示画像における前記発生位置に応じた領域を前記黒画にする。 The invention of claim 4 is the image processing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a detecting means for detecting a sound generated by the vehicle interior, and a determination means for determining occurrence position of the sound , the generating means, when said detecting means detects the sound, the area corresponding to the occurrence position in the display image on the black screen.
また、請求項5の発明は、車両で用いられる画像表示システムであって、前記車両の車室内に配置され、ハーフミラーを有する表示画面を備えた表示装置と、前記表示装置の前記表示画面に表示させるための表示画像を生成する請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の画像処理装置と、を備えている。 The invention of claim 5 is the image display system used in a vehicle, is disposed in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and a display device having a display screen having a half mirror, on the display screen of the display device and a, and an image processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to produce a display image for displaying.
また、請求項6の発明は、車両の車室内に配置される表示装置の表示画面に表示させるための表示画像を生成する画像処理方法であって、前記表示装置の前記表示画面は、ハーフミラーを有し、前記画像処理方法は、(a)車両の周辺を撮影するカメラの撮影画像を取得する工程と、(b)前記撮影画像を用いて前記表示画像を生成する工程と、(c)前記表示画像を前記表示装置に出力して前記表示画面に表示させる工程と、を備え、前記工程(b)は、前記表示画像の一部の領域を黒画にする。 The invention of claim 6 is the image processing method of generating a display image to be displayed on the display screen of the display device disposed in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the display screen of the display device, a half mirror It has the image processing method includes a step of acquiring the image captured by the camera for photographing the periphery of (a) a vehicle, and generating the display image by using the (b) the captured image, (c) and a step of displaying on the display screen and outputs the display image on the display device, wherein step (b) is a partial area of the display image on the black screen.
請求項1ないし6の発明によれば、一部の領域を黒画とした表示画像が表示装置の表示画面に表示されるため、表示画面のうち黒画の領域に対応する一部の領域のみを、車室内の状態を確認するためのミラーとして用いることができる。 According to the invention of claims 1 to 6, since the display image of the partial region and a black image is displayed on the display screen of the display device, only a part of the region corresponding to the black image area of the display screen the can be used as a mirror for checking the state of the passenger compartment.
また、特に請求項2の発明によれば、ユーザの操作に応じて表示画像のうち黒画にする領域を変更するため、ユーザは表示装置の表示画面のうちのミラーとして用いる領域を必要に応じて変更することができる。 In particular, according to the invention of claim 2, for changing the area of the black screen of the display image in accordance with the operation of the user, the user is needed area used as a mirror in the display screen of the display device it is possible to change Te.
また、特に請求項3の発明によれば、ユーザが指定した指定領域を黒画にするため、ユーザは、表示装置の表示画面のうちの所望の領域をミラーとして用いることができる。 Further, In particular, according to the invention of claim 3, for the specified area specified by the user to the black screen, the user can use a desired area of the display screen of the display device as a mirror.
また、特に請求項4の発明によれば、車両の車室内で音が発生した場合は、その音の発生位置に応じた領域を黒画をするため、ユーザは音の発生位置の様子を確認できる。 Further, In particular, according to the invention of claim 4, when the sound cabin of the vehicle has occurred, to the black screen area corresponding to the occurrence position of the sound, check the state of the occurrence position of the user sound it can.
図1は、画像表示システムの概要を示す図である。 Figure 1 is a diagram showing an outline of an image display system. 図2は、車両の車室内の前方の様子を示す図である。 Figure 2 is a diagram showing a state of a front of a vehicle cabin. 図3は、第1の実施の形態の画像表示システムの構成を示す図である。 Figure 3 is a diagram showing an image of a display system configuration of the first embodiment. 図4は、表示装置の主な構成を示す図である。 Figure 4 is a diagram showing a main configuration of a display device. 図5は、表示画像を表示した表示画面の一例を示す図である。 Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a display screen displaying a display image. 図6は、表示画像を表示した表示画面の一例を示す図である。 Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a display screen displaying a display image. 図7は、表示画像を表示した表示画面の一例を示す図である。 Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a display screen displaying a display image. 図8は、表示画像を表示した表示画面の一例を示す図である。 Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a display screen displaying a display image. 図9は、表示画像を表示した表示画面の一例を示す図である。 Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a display screen displaying a display image. 図10は、第1の実施の形態の画像処理装置の処理の流れを示す図である。 Figure 10 is a diagram showing the flow of processing of the image processing apparatus of the first embodiment. 図11は、第2の実施の形態の画像表示システムの構成を示すブロック図である。 Figure 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an image display system of the second embodiment. 図12は、指定領域の受け付けを説明する図である。 Figure 12 is a diagram for explaining the acceptance of the designated area. 図13は、表示画像を表示した表示画面の一例を示す図である。 Figure 13 is a diagram showing an example of a display screen displaying a display image. 図14は、第3の実施の形態の画像表示システムの構成を示すブロック図である。 Figure 14 is a block diagram showing an image of a display system configuration of the third embodiment. 図15は、車両の車室内を模式的に示す図である。 Figure 15 is a diagram showing a passenger compartment of the vehicle schematically. 図16は、表示画像を表示した表示画面の一例を示す図である。 Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a display screen displaying a display image. 図17は、第3の実施の形態の画像処理装置の処理の流れを示す図である。 Figure 17 is a diagram showing the flow of processing of the image processing apparatus of the third embodiment.
図1は、画像表示システム10の概要を示す図である。 Figure 1 is a diagram showing an outline of an image display system 10. 図に示すように、画像表示システム10は、車両(本実施の形態では、自動車)9に搭載される。 As shown, the image display system 10, the vehicle (in this embodiment, an automobile) is mounted on 9. 画像表示システム10は、車両9の周辺の画像を取得するカメラ1と、画像を処理する画像処理装置2と、車両9の車室内に配置された表示装置3とを備えている。 The image display system 10 includes a camera 1 for acquiring images of the periphery of the vehicle 9, the image processing device 2 for processing an image, and a display device 3 which is arranged in the passenger compartment of the vehicle 9. 画像表示システム10は、カメラ1を用いて車両9の周辺の被写体を撮影し、当該被写体を示す表示画像を車室内の表示装置3で表示する機能を有している。 The image display system 10 has a function of using the camera 1 photographs a subject around the vehicle 9, and displays the display image showing the object in the passenger compartment of the display device 3.
カメラ1は、レンズと撮像素子とを備えており、車両9の周辺の被写体の像を含む撮影画像を電子的に取得する。 The camera 1 includes a lens and an image pickup device, electronically acquiring the captured image including an image of an object near the vehicle 9. カメラ1は、車両9の後端の上部に設けられ、その光軸1aは車両9の前後方向に沿って後方に向けられる。 Camera 1 is disposed in an upper portion of the rear end of the vehicle 9, the optical axis 1a is directed rearwardly along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle 9. したがって、カメラ1は、車両の周辺の後方に存在する被写体を撮影する。 Accordingly, the camera 1 photographs a subject present behind the periphery of the vehicle. カメラ1のレンズは広角レンズであり、カメラ1は比較的広い画角θを有し、車両9の周辺の後方における比較的広い範囲を撮影できる。 Lens camera 1 is a wide angle lens, the camera 1 has a relatively wide angle theta, can be taken relatively wide range in the rear of the periphery of the vehicle 9.
図2は、車両9の車室内の前方の様子を示す図である。 Figure 2 is a diagram showing a state of the front cabin of the vehicle 9. 図に示すように、画像表示システム10が採用される車両9では、車室内における一般的なルームミラーが配置される位置にルームミラーに代えて表示装置3が配置される。 As shown, the vehicle 9 image display system 10 is employed, the display device 3 is arranged in place of the rearview mirror in a position where the common-view mirror in the vehicle compartment is disposed. この表示装置3において、カメラ1で得られた撮影画像に基づく車両9の周辺の後方の被写体を示す表示画像が表示される。 In this display device 3, a display image showing the subject of the rear periphery of the vehicle 9 based on the captured image obtained by the camera 1 is displayed. したがって、画像表示システム10のユーザ(代表的には、車両9のドライバ)は、ルームミラーと同様の感覚で表示装置3に表示される表示画像を視認することで、車両9の周辺の後方の様子を確認できる。 Accordingly, (typically, the vehicle 9 drivers) user of the image display system 10, by viewing the image displayed on the display device 3 in the same sense and room mirror, near the vehicle 9 behind the You can see how.
また、画像表示システム10は、表示装置3の表示画面の一部の領域を、可視光線を反射するミラーとする機能を有している。 The image display system 10 includes a partial area of the display screen of the display device 3 has a function of a mirror that reflects visible light. ユーザは、この機能を利用して、表示画面におけるミラーの領域に映る車室内の物体の像を確認することで、車室内の後部の同乗者や荷物の状態を確認することもできる。 The user can use this feature, by checking the image of the object in the vehicle interior reflected in the region of the mirror in the display screen, it is also possible to check the status of the passenger compartment in the rear of the passenger and luggage.
画像表示システム10は、ユーザが操作可能な複数の操作ボタン4を備えている。 The image display system 10, the user is provided with a plurality of operation buttons 4 can be operated. 図2に示すように、複数の操作ボタン4は、例えば、車両9のステアリングホイールに配置される。 As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of operation buttons 4 are arranged, for example, on the steering wheel of the vehicle 9. これら複数の操作ボタン4は、左ボタン、中央ボタン及び右ボタンの3つのボタンを含んでいる。 The plurality of operation buttons 4 includes left button, the three buttons in the center and right buttons. ユーザは、これらの操作ボタン4を押下することで、表示装置3の表示画面の一部の領域をミラーとして機能させることができる。 The user, by pressing these operation buttons 4 can function a partial area of the display screen of the display device 3 as a mirror.
図3は、第1の実施の形態の画像表示システム10の構成を示すブロック図である。 Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an image display system 10 of the first embodiment. 前述のように、画像表示システム10は、各種の画像処理が可能な電子装置である画像処理装置2を備えている。 As described above, the image display system 10 includes an image processing apparatus 2 is a variety of image processing is an electronic device. カメラ1、表示装置3及び操作ボタン4は、画像処理装置2に対して電気的に接続される。 Camera 1, the display device 3 and the operation buttons 4 is electrically connected to the image processing apparatus 2. 画像処理装置2は、カメラ1で得られた撮影画像に対して画像処理を行い、表示装置3の表示画面に表示させるための表示画像を生成する。 The image processing apparatus 2 performs image processing on the obtained captured image by the camera 1, and generates a display image to be displayed on the display screen of the display device 3.
画像処理装置2は、画像取得部21と、画像生成部22と、画像出力部23とを備えている。 The image processing apparatus 2 includes an image acquisition unit 21, an image generator 22, and an image output unit 23. 画像取得部21は、カメラ1で得られた撮影画像を取得する。 Image acquiring unit 21 acquires the photographed image obtained by the camera 1. 画像取得部21は、取得した撮影画像を画像生成部22に入力する。 Image acquisition unit 21 inputs a captured image acquired in the image generation unit 22.
画像生成部22は、入力された撮影画像を処理して表示画像を生成する。 Image generating unit 22 processes the captured image input to generate a display image. 画像生成部22は、撮影画像に含まれる被写体の像を示す表示画像を生成する。 Image generating unit 22 generates a display image showing an image of a subject included in the captured image.
また、画像生成部22は、表示画像の少なくとも一部の領域を黒画にすることができる。 The image generation unit 22 may be a black screen at least a partial region of the displayed image. 「黒画」とは、含まれる各画素の明るさの値(輝度、明度など)がおよそ0となる画像である。 The "black screen" is an image brightness value of each pixel (brightness, lightness, etc.) is approximately 0 contained. 例えば、画素の値がRGBで表される場合はR≒0,G≒0,B≒0となる画像である。 For example, if the value of the pixel is represented by RGB is an image to be R ≒ 0, G ≒ 0, B ≒ 0. また、例えば、画素の値がYCrCbで表される場合はY≒0となる画像である。 Further, for example, when the value of the pixel is represented by a YCrCb is the image which Y ≒ 0. 画像生成部22は、画素の値を変更するという単純な画像処理のみで、表示画像の一部の領域を黒画にすることができる。 Image generating unit 22, only the simple image processing for changing the value of the pixel can be a black image of a partial region of the displayed image. このような表示画像中の黒画の領域は、この表示画像が表示装置3で表示された場合における表示画面中のミラーの領域に対応する(詳細後述。)。 Black screen area in such a display image corresponds to a region of the mirror in the display screen in a case where the display image is displayed on the display device 3 (details will be described later.).
画像出力部23は、画像生成部22が生成した表示画像を表示装置3に出力する。 The image output unit 23 outputs the display image by the image generating unit 22 has generated the display device 3. これにより、表示装置3の表示画面において表示画像が表示される。 Thus, the display image is displayed on the display screen of the display device 3.
また、画像処理装置2は、制御部20と、信号受信部24と、記憶部25とをさらに備えている。 The image processing device 2 includes a control unit 20, and the signal receiving unit 24 further includes a storage unit 25. 制御部20は、例えば、マイクロコンピュータであり、画像処理装置2の全体を統括的に制御する。 Control unit 20 is, for example, a microcomputer, controls the overall image processing apparatus 2.
信号受信部24は、ユーザの操作に応じた操作信号を操作ボタン4から受信する。 Signal receiving unit 24 receives an operation signal according to a user operation from the operation button 4. 複数の操作ボタン4はそれぞれ、ユーザに操作された場合に、所定の操作信号を画像処理装置2に送出する。 Each of the plurality of operation buttons 4, when it is operated by the user, and sends a predetermined operation signal to the image processing apparatus 2. 信号受信部24は、受信した操作信号を制御部20に入力する。 Signal receiving unit 24 inputs the operation signal received in the control unit 20.
記憶部25は、例えば、フラッシュメモリなどの不揮発性メモリであり、各種の情報を記憶する。 Storage unit 25 is, for example, a nonvolatile memory such as a flash memory, stores various kinds of information. 記憶部25は、ファームウェアとしてのプログラムや、制御部20の制御に用いる各種のデータを記憶する。 Storage unit 25 stores and programs as firmware, various data used for the control of the control unit 20.
また、制御部20は、CPU、RAM及びROMなどを備えている。 The control unit 20 includes a CPU, a RAM, and ROM. 制御部20の各種の機能は、記憶部25に記憶されたプログラムに従ってCPUが演算処理を行うことで実現される。 Various functions of the controller 20, CPU is realized by performing arithmetic processing according to a program stored in the storage unit 25. 図中に示す領域指示部20aは、プログラムに従ってCPUが演算処理を行うことで実現される機能の一部である。 Area instruction section 20a shown in the figure, a part of the function that the CPU is realized by performing arithmetic processing according to a program.
領域指示部20aは、表示画像において黒画にする領域を画像生成部22に指示する。 Region instruction unit 20a instructs the area to a black screen in the display image to the image generating unit 22. 領域指示部20aは、信号受信部24が受信した操作信号に応じて、表示画像において黒画にする領域を決定する(詳細後述。)。 Area instruction section 20a, in response to the operation signal signal reception section 24 has received, determines a region to black screen in the display image (described in detail later.).
次に、表示装置3について説明する。 Next, a description will be given of a display device 3. 図4は、表示装置3の主な構成を示す図である。 Figure 4 is a diagram showing a main configuration of the display device 3. 図4に示すように、表示装置3の表示画面30は、バックライト31及び液晶パネル32を備え、バックライト31の前面側に液晶パネル32が配置される。 As shown in FIG. 4, the display screen 30 of the display device 3 is provided with a backlight 31 and the liquid crystal panel 32, the liquid crystal panel 32 is disposed on the front side of the backlight 31. 表示画面30が表示画像を表示する際には、表示画像に含まれる各画素の値に応じて液晶パネル32がバックライト31の光を通過させる。 When the display screen 30 to display the display image, the liquid crystal panel 32 transmits light of the backlight 31 in accordance with the value of each pixel included in the display image.
また、表示画面30は、液晶パネル32の前面側(ユーザが視認する側)に、ハーフミラー33をさらに備えている。 Further, the display screen 30, on the front side of the liquid crystal panel 32 (the side where the user is viewing) further includes a half mirror 33. ハーフミラー33は、マジックミラーあるいはミラーガラスとも呼ばれ、入射した光の一部を反射し一部を透過する性質を有する装置(ビームスプリッタ)である。 Half mirror 33, also known as the magic mirror or mirror glass, a device having a property of transmitting a part reflecting a part of incident light (beam splitter).
明暗の境界位置にハーフミラーを配置した場合、人間が明るい側からハーフミラーを見ると、自分側(明るい側)にある物体の像がハーフミラーに映って見える。 When placing the half mirror at the boundary position of light and dark, the person sees the half mirror from the bright side, the image of the object in the self side (light side) is visible reflected in the half mirror. すなわち、ハーフミラーが、可視光線を反射するミラーとして機能する。 That is, the half mirror, which functions as a mirror that reflects visible light. 一方、人間が暗い側からハーフミラーを見ると、反対側(明るい側)にある物体がハーフミラーを透過して見える。 On the other hand, when the human sees the half mirror from the dark side, the object on the opposite side (light side) seen through the half mirror.
前面側にハーフミラー33を備える表示画面30は、このようなハーフミラー33の性質により、車室内の後部にある物体の像を映すミラーとしても機能する。 Display screen 30 comprises a half mirror 33 on the front side, the nature of such a half mirror 33 also functions as a mirror that reflects an image of an object at the rear of the passenger compartment. なお、表示画面30に採用するハーフミラー33の透過率と反射率とは視認性を考慮して設定されることが望ましく、透過率と反射率とは一致しなくてもよい。 Incidentally, desirably the transmittance and reflectance of the half mirror 33 employed in the display screen 30 are set in consideration of the visibility, the transmittance and reflectance may not coincide.
図5の上部に示すように、カメラ1で得られた撮影画像の被写体の像を全領域が示す表示画像5を表示装置3が表示する場合を想定する。 As shown in the upper part of FIG. 5, the display image 5 shown the full area image of a subject in a captured image obtained by the camera 1 in the display device 3 a case is assumed to be displayed. この場合は、図5の下部に示すように、表示装置3の表示画面30の全領域において、車両9の周辺の後方の被写体が示される。 In this case, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 5, in the entire region of the display screen 30 of the display device 3, the object behind the periphery of the vehicle 9 is shown. バックライト31の発光によりハーフミラー33の内側が明るくなるため、ユーザは明るく表示された表示画像5が示す被写体の像を視認する。 Since the inside of the half mirror 33 becomes brighter by the light emission of the backlight 31, the user visually recognizes an object image indicated by the display image 5 is displayed brightly. これにより、ユーザは、車両9の周辺の後方の様子を確認できる。 Thus, the user can see how the rear of the periphery of the vehicle 9.
一方、図6の上部に示すように、全領域が黒画となる表示画像5を表示装置3が表示する場合を想定する。 On the other hand, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 6, it is assumed that the entire area to display the display device 3 a display image 5 as a black screen. この場合は、図6の下部に示すように、表示装置3の表示画面30の全領域が、可視光線を反射するミラーとして機能する。 In this case, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 6, the entire area of the display screen 30 of the display device 3 functions as a mirror that reflects visible light. 黒画の表示によりバックライト31の光が遮断されてハーフミラー33の内側が暗くなるため、ユーザはハーフミラー33に映る物体の像を視認する。 Since the inside of the half mirror 33 becomes dark is blocked light of the backlight 31 by the display of a black screen, the user visually recognizes an image of an object reflected in the half mirror 33. これにより、ユーザは、車室内の後部の同乗者や荷物の様子を確認できる。 Thus, the user can check the state of the passenger compartment in the rear of the passenger and luggage.
このような原理により、黒画を含む表示画像5を表示装置3が表示した場合は、表示装置3の表示画面30がミラーとして機能する。 By this principle, the display device 3 a display image 5 containing black screen if displayed, the display screen 30 of the display device 3 functions as a mirror. そして、一部の領域のみが黒画である表示画像5を表示装置3が表示した場合は、表示装置3の表示画面30において黒画の領域に対応する一部の領域のみがミラーとして機能する。 And, if only part of the area is displayed the display device 3 a display image 5 is black screen, only a part of the region corresponding to the black image area serves as a mirror in the display screen 30 of the display device 3 .
例えば、図7の上部に示すように、大部分が撮影画像の被写体の像を示し、右側の一部の右領域5aのみが黒画である表示画像5を、表示装置3が表示する場合を想定する。 For example, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 7, mostly shows an image of a subject captured image, the case where only the right part of the right region 5a is a display image 5 is black screen, the display device 3 displays Suppose. この場合は、図7の下部に示すように、表示装置3の表示画面30において黒画の右領域5aに対応する右端の領域30aのみがミラーとして機能し、他の領域は車両9の周辺の後方の被写体を示す。 In this case, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 7, only the right end of the region 30a corresponding to the black image of the right area 5a on the display screen 30 of the display device 3 functions as a mirror, the other areas around the vehicle 9 It shows the back of the subject. したがってこの場合は、ユーザは、車両9の周辺の後方の様子と、車室内の後部の右側の様子とを同時に確認できる。 In this case, therefore, the user can confirm the state of the rear of the periphery of the vehicle 9, the vehicle interior rear right manner and at the same time.
また、図8の上部に示すように、上半分の領域が撮影画像の被写体の像を示し、下半分の下領域5bが黒画である表示画像5を、表示装置3が表示する場合を想定する。 Further, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 8 shows an image of an object in the upper half of the region captured image, assuming that the lower region 5b of the lower half of the display image 5 is black screen, the display device 3 displays to. この場合は、図8の下部に示すように、表示装置3の表示画面30において黒画の下領域5bに対応する下側の領域30bがミラーとして機能し、他の領域は車両9の周辺の後方の被写体を示す。 In this case, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 8, lower area 30b corresponding to the black screen of the lower region 5b in the display screen 30 of the display device 3 functions as a mirror, the other areas around the vehicle 9 It shows the back of the subject. したがってこの場合は、ユーザは、車両9の周辺の後方の様子と、車室内の後部の下側の様子とを同時に確認できる。 In this case, therefore, the user can confirm the state of the rear of the periphery of the vehicle 9, the rear portion of the lower side of the vehicle interior state and at the same time.
また、図9の上部に示すように、大部分が撮影画像の被写体の像を示し、左側の一部の左領域5cのみが黒画である表示画像5を、表示装置3が表示する場合を想定する。 Further, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 9, mostly it shows an image of a subject captured image, the case where only a part of the left area 5c of the left side of the display image 5 is black screen, the display device 3 displays Suppose. この場合は、図9の下部に示すように、表示装置3の表示画面30において黒画の左領域5cに対応する左端の領域30cのみがミラーとして機能し、他の領域は車両9の周辺の後方の被写体を示す。 In this case, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 9, only the left end of the region 30c corresponding to the black image of the left area 5c in the display screen 30 of the display device 3 functions as a mirror, the other areas around the vehicle 9 It shows the back of the subject. したがってこの場合は、ユーザは、車両9の周辺の後方の様子と、車室内の後部の左側の様子とを同時に確認できる。 In this case, therefore, the user can confirm the state of the rear of the periphery of the vehicle 9, the rear of the left side of the vehicle interior state and at the same time.
このように表示画像5における黒画の領域は、表示装置3の表示画面30においてミラーの領域に対応する。 The black screen area in the display image 5 as corresponds to the area of the mirror in the display screen 30 of the display device 3. 画像処理装置2の領域指示部20aは、この表示画像5において黒画とする領域を決定する。 Area instruction section 20a of the image processing device 2 determines a region to black screen in the display image 5. 領域指示部20aは、左ボタン、中央ボタン及び右ボタンを含む操作ボタン4からの操作信号に応じて、表示画像5において黒画にする領域を決定する。 Area instruction section 20a, the left button in response to the operation signal from the operation buttons 4 including the central and right buttons, determines an area to a black screen in the display image 5.
領域指示部20aは、右ボタンが押下された場合は、図7に示すように、表示画像5の右領域5aを黒画とする領域に決定する。 Area instruction section 20a, if the right button is pressed, as shown in FIG. 7, to determine the area in black screen to the right area 5a of the display image 5. また、領域指示部20aは、中央ボタンが押下された場合は、図8に示すように、表示画像5の下領域5bを黒画とする領域に決定する。 The area instruction section 20a, when the center button is depressed, as shown in FIG. 8, to determine the area in black screen underneath area 5b of the display image 5. さらに、領域指示部20aは、左ボタンが押下された場合は、図9に示すように、表示画像5の左領域5cを黒画とする領域に決定する。 Furthermore, the area instruction section 20a, if the left button is pressed, as shown in FIG. 9, to determine the area in black screen to the left region 5c of the display image 5. このような表示画像5のうち黒画とする領域の位置、及び、黒画とする領域と操作ボタン4との対応関係は、予め定められて記憶部25などに記憶される。 Position in a region to be a black screen of such a display image 5 and the corresponding relationship between the region and the operation buttons 4, a black screen is stored like in the storage unit 25 is determined in advance.
領域指示部20aは、決定した黒画とする領域を画像生成部22に指示する。 Region instruction unit 20a instructs the region to determine the black screen to the image generating unit 22. 画像生成部22は、領域指示部20aからの指示に応じて表示画像5の一部の領域を黒画にする。 Image generating unit 22 to the black screen a partial area of the display image 5 in accordance with an instruction from the area instruction section 20a. したがって、画像生成部22は、押下された操作ボタン4に応じて表示画像5のうち黒画にする領域を変更することになる。 Thus, the image generating unit 22 will change the region to black screen of the display image 5 in accordance with an operation button 4 is pressed. このため、ユーザは、操作ボタン4を押下することで、表示装置3の表示画面30においてミラーとして用いる領域を任意に変更できる。 Therefore, the user, by pressing the operation buttons 4 can be arbitrarily changed area used as a mirror in the display screen 30 of the display device 3.
次に、画像処理装置2の処理の流れについて説明する。 Next, the flow of processing of the image processing apparatus 2. 図10は、画像処理装置2の処理の流れを示す図である。 Figure 10 is a diagram showing the flow of processing of the image processing apparatus 2.
画像処理装置2は、通常状態では、撮影画像の被写体の像を全領域が示す表示画像5を生成し、この表示画像5を表示装置3に表示させる。 The image processing apparatus 2 is in a normal state, an image of a subject of the photographic image to generate a display image 5 shown the full area, and displays the display image 5 on the display device 3.
まず、画像取得部21が、カメラ1から撮影画像を取得する。 First, the image acquisition unit 21 acquires the captured image from the camera 1. 撮影画像には、車両9の周辺の後方に存在する被写体の像が含まれている。 The photographic image includes the image of the object to be located behind the periphery of the vehicle 9. 画像生成部22は、この撮影画像を用い、撮影画像の被写体を全領域が示す表示画像5を生成する(ステップS11)。 Image generating unit 22 uses the captured image to generate a display image 5 showing the subject of the captured image the entire area (step S11).
次に、画像出力部23が、画像生成部22が生成した表示画像5を表示装置3に出力する(ステップS12)。 Next, the image output unit 23 outputs the display image 5 image generating unit 22 has generated the display unit 3 (step S12). これにより、表示装置3において表示画像5が表示される。 Thus, the display image 5 is displayed on the display device 3. その結果、表示装置3の表示画面30の全領域において、車両9の周辺の後方の被写体が示される(図5参照。)。 As a result, in the entire region of the display screen 30 of the display device 3, the object behind the periphery of the vehicle 9 is shown (see FIG. 5.).
このような通常状態の処理(ステップS11,S12)は、ユーザが操作ボタン4のいずれかを押下するまで、所定の周期(例えば、1/30秒周期)で繰り返される(ステップS13にてNo)。 Such processes of the normal state (step S11, S12) until the user presses any of the operation buttons 4 are repeated in a predetermined period (e.g., 1/30-second period) (No at step S13) . これにより、ユーザは車両9の周辺の後方の様子をほぼリアルタイムに確認できる。 Thus, the user can see how the rear of the periphery of the vehicle 9 in near real time.
また、ユーザが操作ボタン4のいずれかを押下した場合は(ステップS13にてYes)、画像処理装置2は、一部の領域が黒画となる表示画像5を生成し、この表示画像5を表示装置3に表示させる。 Also, if the user presses any of the operation buttons 4 (Yes at step S13), and the image processing apparatus 2 generates the display image 5 partial region is black screen, the display image 5 to be displayed on the display device 3.
まず、画像生成部22が、画像取得部21が取得したカメラ1の撮影画像を用い、撮影画像の被写体を全領域が示す表示画像5を生成する(ステップS14)。 First, the image generation unit 22, using the image captured by the camera 1 by the image acquiring unit 21 acquires and generates a display image 5 showing the subject of the captured image the entire area (step S14).
次に、画像生成部22は、領域指示部20aからの指示に応じて、生成した表示画像5の一部の領域を黒画にする(ステップS15)。 Then, the image generator 22, in response to an instruction from the area instruction section 20a, a partial region of the generated display image 5 to a black screen (step S15). 前述のように領域指示部20aは、表示画像5のうち押下された操作ボタン4に応じた領域を黒画とする領域に決定し、決定した領域を画像生成部22に指示する。 Area instruction section 20a, as described above determines the area corresponding to the operation button 4 is pressed in the display image 5 in a region where the black image, and instructs the determined area to the image generating unit 22. そして、画像生成部22は、表示画像5のうち領域指示部20aが指示した領域を黒画にする。 Then, the image generator 22 to the black screen area the area instruction section 20a has instructed in the display image 5. なお、この際に、画像生成部22は、撮影画像の被写体の像のサイズを調整し、表示画像5における黒画以外の領域に被写体の像が含まれるようにしてもよい。 At the time, the image generating unit 22 adjusts the size of the image of the subject photographed image, it may be included the image of the subject in a region other than the black screen in the display image 5.
次に、画像出力部23が、画像生成部22が生成した表示画像5を表示装置3に出力する(ステップS16)。 Next, the image output unit 23 outputs the display image 5 image generating unit 22 has generated the display unit 3 (step S16). これにより、表示装置3において黒画の領域を含む表示画像5が表示される。 Thus, the display image 5 including black image area is displayed on the display device 3. その結果、表示装置3の表示画面30における黒画の領域に対応する一部の領域がミラーとして機能する(図7から図9参照。)。 As a result, a part of the region corresponding to the region of the black image on the display screen 30 of the display device 3 functions as a mirror (see FIGS. 7-9.).
このような処理(ステップS14〜S16)は、ユーザが操作ボタン4を操作してから一定時間(例えば、30秒)が経過するまで、所定の周期(例えば、1/30秒周期)で繰り返される(ステップS17にてNo)。 Such process (step S14 to S16) for a certain time after the user operates the operation button 4 (e.g., 30 seconds) until the elapsed are repeated in a predetermined period (e.g., 1/30-second period) (No at step S17). これにより、ユーザは、車両9の周辺の後方の様子を確認しつつ、車室内の後部の様子を併せて確認できる。 Thus, the user, while checking the state of the rear periphery of the vehicle 9 can be confirmed together rear of a state of the vehicle interior. なお、一定期間が経過するまでにユーザが別の操作ボタン4を新たに押下した場合は、画像生成部22は、新たに押下された操作ボタン4に応じて表示画像5のうち黒画にする領域を変更する。 Incidentally, if the user until after a certain period of time is newly pressed another operation button 4, the image generator 22 to the black screen of the display image 5 in accordance with an operation button 4 is pressed anew to change the area.
ユーザが操作ボタン4を操作してから一定時間が経過すると(ステップS17にてYes)、処理はステップS11に戻る。 When the user has passed a predetermined time after the operation button 4 (Yes at step S17), the process returns to step S11. これにより、画像処理装置2は、通常状態に戻る。 Thus, the image processing apparatus 2 returns to the normal state.
以上のように、第1の実施の形態の画像表示システム10においては、表示装置3の表示画面30は、前面側にハーフミラー33を有している。 As described above, in the image display system 10 of the first embodiment, the display screen 30 of the display device 3 has a half mirror 33 to the front side. 画像処理装置2の画像取得部21は車両9の周辺を撮影するカメラ1の撮影画像を取得し、画像生成部22は撮影画像を用いて表示画像5を生成し、画像出力部23は表示画像5を表示装置3に出力して表示画面30に表示させる。 Image acquisition unit 21 of the image processing apparatus 2 acquires the image captured by the camera 1 for photographing the periphery of the vehicle 9, the image generator 22 generates a display image 5 using the captured image, the image output unit 23 displays images 5 outputs to the display device 3 to be displayed on the display screen 30. そして、画像生成部22は、表示画像5の一部の領域を黒画にする。 Then, the image generator 22 to the black screen a partial area of the display image 5.
これにより、一部の領域を黒画とした表示画像5が表示装置3の表示画面30に表示される。 Thus, the display image 5 a part of the region was a black image is displayed on the display screen 30 of the display device 3. このため、表示画面30のうち黒画の領域に対応する一部の領域のみを、車室内の状態を確認するためのミラーとして用いることができる。 Therefore, only a portion of the region corresponding to the black image area of the display screen 30, can be used as a mirror for checking the state of the passenger compartment. その結果、ユーザは、車両9の周辺の後方の様子と、車室内の後部の様子とを同時に確認できる。 As a result, the user can confirm the state of the rear of the periphery of the vehicle 9, the vehicle interior rear of the manner and at the same time.
また、信号受信部24がユーザの操作に応じた操作信号を受信し、画像生成部22はこの操作信号に応じて表示画像5のうち黒画にする領域を変更する。 The signal receiving unit 24 receives an operation signal corresponding to operation of the user, the image generator 22 changes the area of the black screen of the display image 5 in response to the operation signal. このため、ユーザは表示装置3の表示画面30のうちのミラーとして用いる領域を必要に応じて変更することができる。 Therefore, the user can change as required the region to be used as a mirror in the display screen 30 of the display device 3.
次に、第2の実施の形態について説明する。 Next, a description will be given of a second embodiment. 第2の実施の形態の画像表示システム10の構成や処理は第1の実施の形態とほぼ同様であるため、以下、第1の実施の形態との相違点を中心に説明する。 The configuration and processing of the image display system 10 of the second embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment will now be described focusing on differences from the first embodiment. 第1の実施の形態では、表示画像5のうち黒画とする領域は予め定められた領域であった。 In the first embodiment, the region to be black screen of the display image 5 was predetermined region. これに対して、第2の実施の形態では、表示画像5のうち黒画とする領域をユーザが指定できるようになっている。 In contrast, in the second embodiment, a user area of a black image in the display image 5 has to be specified.
図11は、第2の実施の形態の画像表示システム10の構成を示すブロック図である。 Figure 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an image display system 10 of the second embodiment. 第2の実施の形態においては、表示装置3が、ユーザのタッチ操作を受け付けるタッチパネル34を表示画面30に重ねて備えている。 In the second embodiment, the display device 3, and overlaid with a touch panel 34 for accepting user's touch operation on the display screen 30. したがって、ユーザは、表示装置3の表示画面30(タッチパネル34)に対してタッチ操作を行うことが可能である。 Thus, the user is capable of performing a touch operation on the display screen 30 of the display device 3 (the touch panel 34). 画像処理装置2の信号受信部24は、このタッチパネル34が受け付けたタッチ操作を示す操作信号を受信する。 Signal receiving unit 24 of the image processing apparatus 2 receives an operation signal indicating the touch operation touch panel 34 is accepted.
また、画像処理装置2は、プログラムに従って制御部20のCPUが演算処理を行うことで実現される機能として、領域受付部20bをさらに備えている。 The image processing apparatus 2, as a function of the CPU of the control unit 20 is realized by performing arithmetic processing according to a program, and further includes an area reception unit 20b.
領域受付部20bは、表示画像5のうちのユーザが指定する領域を指定領域として受け付ける。 Area reception unit 20b receives an area designated by the user in the display image 5 as the designated region. 領域受付部20bは、ユーザのタッチパネル34に対するタッチ操作に応じた操作信号に基づいて、指定領域を受け付ける。 Area reception unit 20b, based on the operation signal corresponding to a touch operation on the touch panel 34 of the user, accepts a specified area. 領域受付部20bが受け付けた指定領域は、表示画像5のうちの黒画にする領域(すなわち、表示画面30におけるミラーの領域)となる。 Areas specified area reception unit 20b has received is an area for the black screen in the display image 5 (i.e., the area of the mirror on the display screen 30).
領域受付部20bは、画像表示システム10が一般モードとは異なる設定モードの場合に、指定領域を受け付ける。 Area reception unit 20b, when the image display system 10 of different configuration modes general mode, accepting a specified area. 車両9の停車中にユーザが所定のタッチ操作を行うことで、画像表示システム10は設定モードに移行する。 User during stop of the vehicle 9 by performing a predetermined touch operation, the image display system 10 proceeds to the setting mode.
図12は、領域受付部20bによる指定領域の受け付けを説明する図である。 Figure 12 is a diagram for explaining the acceptance of a specified area by area reception unit 20b. 設定モードにおいては、表示装置3の表示画面30において、全領域が黒画となる表示画像が表示される。 In setting mode, the display screen 30 of the display device 3, display image the entire area is a black image is displayed. これにより、図12の上部に示すように、表示装置3の表示画面30の全領域は、車室内の後部の像を映すミラーとして機能する。 Thus, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 12, the entire area of the display screen 30 of the display device 3 functions as a mirror that reflects the rear of the image of the vehicle interior.
ユーザは、一般モードにおいてミラーとすべき領域30dを、表示画面30の全領域から選択できる。 User, a region 30d to be the mirror in the general mode, it can be selected from the entire area of the display screen 30. ユーザは、ミラーとすべき領域30dを、指8などで囲んで指定する。 User, a region 30d to be a mirror, to specified within a finger 8. ユーザは、表示画面30に映った車室内の後部の像を確認しつつ、所望の物体(人物、荷物など)の像が映る領域を、ミラーとすべき領域30dとして指定できる。 The user, while checking the rear part of the image of the vehicle interior reflected in the display screen 30, desired object (person, luggage, etc.) an area where the image is reflected, and can be designated as an area 30d to be the mirror. ユーザが指定する領域30dの形状は矩形に限定されず、楕円形や三角形などユーザの任意の形状にすることができる。 Shape of the region 30d designated by the user is not limited to a rectangle, it can be any shape the user, such as an ellipse or a triangle.
図12の下部に示すように、領域受付部20bは、このようなユーザのタッチ操作に応じた操作信号に基づき、表示画面30においてユーザが指定した領域30dに対応する表示画像5における領域を、指定領域5dとして受け付ける。 As shown in the lower part of FIG. 12, the area receiving unit 20b is a region in the display image 5 thus based on the operation signal corresponding to the touch operation of the user, such, corresponds to the area 30d specified by the user on the display screen 30, accepted as the designated area 5d. したがって実質的に、ユーザは、表示画像5のうちの所望の領域を指定領域5dとして指定できる。 Thus essentially, the user can specify a desired area in the display image 5 as the designated region 5d. 領域受付部20bは、受け付けた指定領域5dの位置を、記憶部25に記憶させる。 Area reception unit 20b, the position of the reception area designated 5d, in the storage unit 25.
画像表示システム10が一般モードの場合において、ユーザが操作ボタン4を押下した場合は(図10のステップS13にてYes)、画像処理装置2は、指定領域5dが黒画となる表示画像5を生成し、この表示画像5を表示装置3に表示させる。 In the case where the image display system 10 is in normal mode, if the user presses the operation button 4 (Yes in step S13 in FIG. 10), the image processing apparatus 2, the display image 5 designated region 5d is black screen generated, and displays the display image 5 on the display device 3.
まず、画像生成部22が、画像取得部21が取得したカメラ1の撮影画像を用い、撮影画像の被写体を全領域が示す表示画像5を生成する(ステップS14)。 First, the image generation unit 22, using the image captured by the camera 1 by the image acquiring unit 21 acquires and generates a display image 5 showing the subject of the captured image the entire area (step S14). 次に、領域指示部20aが、記憶部25から指定領域5dの位置を読み出し、表示画像5のうち指定領域5dを黒画とする領域に決定する。 Next, the region instruction unit 20a reads the position of the designated area 5d from the storage unit 25, determines the area in black screen a designated region 5d of the display image 5. 領域指示部20aは、決定した領域を画像生成部22に指示する。 Region instruction unit 20a instructs the determined area to the image generating unit 22. これにより、図13の上部に示すように、画像生成部22は、表示画像5のうち指定領域5dのみを黒画にする(ステップS15)。 Thus, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 13, the image generator 22 to the black screen only the specified area 5d of the display image 5 (step S15). そして、画像出力部23が、画像生成部22が生成した表示画像5を表示装置3に出力する(ステップS16)。 Then, the image output unit 23 outputs the display image 5 image generating unit 22 has generated the display unit 3 (step S16).
その結果、表示装置3において指定領域5dが黒画となった表示画像5が表示される。 As a result, the display image 5 designated region 5d becomes black screen in the display device 3 displays. 図13の下部に示すように、表示装置3の表示画面30においては、黒画の指定領域5dに対応する領域30dのみがミラーとして機能する。 As shown in the lower part of FIG. 13, the display screen 30 of the display device 3, only area 30d corresponding to the black image of the designated region 5d acts as a mirror. すなわち、表示画面30においてユーザが指定した領域30dのみがミラーとして機能する。 That is, only the region 30d designated by the user on the display screen 30 functions as a mirror. したがって、ユーザは、車両9の周辺の後方の様子を確認しつつ、車室内の後部の所望の物体の様子を併せて確認できる。 Therefore, the user, while checking the state of the rear periphery of the vehicle 9 can be confirmed together state of the desired object in the rear of the passenger compartment.
以上のように、第2の実施の形態の画像表示システム10においては、領域受付部20bが表示画像5のうちのユーザが指定する領域を指定領域5dとして受け付け、画像生成部22が表示画像5のうち指定領域5dを黒画にする。 As described above, in the image display system 10 of the second embodiment receives an area designated by the user of the area receiving unit 20b display image 5 as designated region 5d, the image generation unit 22 is a display image 5 the designated region 5d to a black screen out of. したがって、ユーザは、表示装置3の表示画面30のうちの所望の領域をミラーとして用いることができる。 Thus, the user can use a desired area of the display screen 30 of the display device 3 as a mirror.
なお、領域受付部20bは、表示画像5のうちのユーザが指定する複数の領域を、指定領域として受付可能となっていてもよい。 The region receiving unit 20b is a plurality of regions designated by the user in the display image 5 may be enabled accepted as the designated region. この場合は、領域受付部20bは、ユーザが指定した複数の指定領域の位置と、複数の操作ボタン4とを対応付けて記憶部25に記憶させる。 In this case, the area accepting unit 20b, the position of a plurality of designated regions designated by the user in the storage unit 25 in association with a plurality of operation buttons 4. そして、ユーザが操作ボタン4を押下した場合は、画像生成部22が、ユーザが押下した操作ボタン4に対応する指定領域が黒画となる表示画像5を生成すればよい。 Then, if the user presses the operation button 4, the image generation unit 22 may generate a display image 5 specified area is the black screen corresponding to the operation buttons 4 the user presses.
次に、第3の実施の形態について説明する。 Next, a third embodiment is described. 第3の実施の形態の画像表示システム10の構成や処理は第1の実施の形態とほぼ同様であるため、以下、第1の実施の形態との相違点を中心に説明する。 The configuration and processing of the image display system 10 of the third embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment will now be described focusing on differences from the first embodiment. 第1の実施の形態では、ユーザが操作ボタン4を押下した場合に、表示装置3の表示画面30の一部の領域がミラーとして機能するようになっていた。 In the first embodiment, when the user presses the operation button 4, a partial area of the display screen 30 of the display device 3 is configured to act as a mirror. これに対して、第3の実施の形態では、車両9の車室内で音が発生した場合に、表示装置3の表示画面30の一部の領域がミラーとして機能するようになっている。 In contrast, in the third embodiment, when the sound cabin of the vehicle 9 occurs, a partial region of the display screen 30 of the display device 3 is adapted to function as a mirror.
図14は、第3の実施の形態の画像表示システム10の構成を示すブロック図である。 Figure 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an image display system 10 of the third embodiment. 第3の実施の形態の画像表示システム10は、車両9の車室内で発生した音を受け付けるマイク6を備えている。 The image display system 10 of the third embodiment, and a microphone 6 for receiving the sound generated by the passenger compartment of the vehicle 9. マイク6は、受け付けた音に応じた電気信号である音声信号を発生する。 Microphone 6 generates an audio signal which is an electric signal corresponding to the received sound. 画像処理装置2の信号受信部24は、マイク6から音声信号を受信することで、車両9の車室内で発生した音を検出する。 Signal receiving unit 24 of the image processing apparatus 2, by receiving the audio signal from the microphone 6, to detect the sound generated by the passenger compartment of the vehicle 9.
また、画像処理装置2は、プログラムに従って制御部20のCPUが演算処理を行うことで実現される機能として、位置判定部20cをさらに備えている。 The image processing apparatus 2, as a function of the CPU of the control unit 20 is realized by performing the processing according to the program, further comprising a position determination unit 20c. 位置判定部20cは、車両9の車室内で音が発生した場合に、その音の発生位置を判定する。 Position determination unit 20c, when the sound cabin of the vehicle 9 is generated, determining the occurrence position of the sound. 位置判定部20cは、マイク6からの音声信号の強度に基づいて音の発生位置を判定する。 Position determining unit 20c determines the occurrence position of the sound based on the intensity of the audio signal from the microphone 6.
図15は、車両9の車室内を模式的に示す図である。 Figure 15 is a diagram showing a passenger compartment of the vehicle 9 schematically. 車両9の車室内においては、前部に2つの前部座席92が配置され、後部に左右に拡がる後部座席91が配置されている。 In the passenger compartment of the vehicle 9, the two front seats 92 are arranged in the front, rear seat 91 extending in the left and right in the rear is disposed. 図に示すように、マイク6は、後部座席91の左側及び右側にそれぞれ配置される。 As shown, the microphone 6 is arranged on the left and right sides of the rear seat 91.
位置判定部20cは、これら左右の2つのマイク6の音声信号の強度を比較することにより、音の発生位置を判定する。 Position determination unit 20c, by comparing the intensities of two audio signal of the microphone 6 of the right and left, determining occurrence position of the sound. 位置判定部20cは、音の発生位置を、後部座席91の左側、中央、右側のいずれかに判定する。 Position determining unit 20c determines the occurrence position of the sound, the left rear seat 91, the center, either right.
画像生成部22は、表示画像5のうち領域指示部20aが決定した領域を黒画にする。 Image generating unit 22 to the black screen area the area instruction section 20a has determined in the display image 5. したがって、画像生成部22は、表示画像5のうち音の発生位置に応じた領域を黒画にする。 Accordingly, the image generator 22 to the black screen area corresponding to the occurrence position of the sound out of the display image 5. この表示画像5が表示装置3において表示されるため、ユーザは、表示装置3の表示画面30において音の発生位置の像を映す領域をミラーとして用いることができ、音の発生位置の様子を確認することができる。 Since the display image 5 is displayed on the display device 3, the user may use a region that reflects the image of the generation position of the sound as a mirror in the display screen 30 of the display device 3, see how the generation position of the sound can do.
例えば、図16の上部に示すように、表示装置3の表示画面30の全領域が車両9の周辺の後方の被写体を表示している状態において、後部座席91の右側に着座している子供が泣き出した場合を想定する。 For example, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 16, in a state where the entire area of the display screen 30 of the display device 3 is displaying the object behind the periphery of the vehicle 9, a child seated on the right side of the rear seat 91 it is assumed that burst into tears. この場合、位置判定部20cが、2つのマイク6からの音声信号に基づいて、子供の泣き声の発生位置を後部座席91の右側と判定する。 In this case, determines the position determination unit 20c, based on the sound signals from the two microphones 6, the occurrence location of a child's crying and right rear seat 91. そして、画像生成部22が判定された音の発生位置に応じた表示画像5の右領域5aを黒画にし、画像出力部23が表示画像5を表示装置3に出力する。 Then, the right area 5a of the display image 5 image generating unit 22 corresponding to the occurrence position of the determined sound to black screen, the image output unit 23 outputs a display image 5 on the display device 3.
これにより、図16の下部に示すように、表示装置3の表示画面30においては、子供の泣き声の発生位置の像を映す右側の領域30aがミラーとして機能する。 Thus, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 16, the display screen 30 of the display device 3, right area 30a that reflects an image of the generation position of the child's crying functions as a mirror. したがって、ユーザは、車両9の周辺の後方の様子を確認しつつ、泣き出した子供の様子も確認できる。 Thus, the user, while checking the state of the rear of the periphery of the vehicle 9, also can check how the children began to cry. この際、画像生成部22は、表示画像5における黒画とする領域の周囲に、所定色の枠部5fを形成してもよい。 In this case, the image generating unit 22, the surrounding area of a black image in the display image 5 may be formed frame portion 5f of the predetermined color. このようにすれば、表示画面30においてミラーとして機能する領域を目立たせることができる。 In this way, it is possible to highlight a region functioning as a mirror in the display screen 30. また、このような枠部5fを点滅させてもよい。 It may also blink such frame portion 5f.
図17は、第3の実施の形態の画像処理装置2の処理の流れを示す図である。 Figure 17 is a diagram showing the flow of processing of the image processing apparatus 2 of the third embodiment. 第3の実施の形態の画像処理装置2も、通常状態では、撮影画像の被写体の像を全領域が示す表示画像5を生成し、この表示画像5を表示装置3に表示させる(ステップS21,S22)。 Also the image processing apparatus 2 of the third embodiment, in a normal state, an image of a subject of the photographic image to generate a display image 5 shown the full area, and displays the display image 5 on the display device 3 (step S21, S22). ステップS21,S22の処理は、第1の実施の形態のステップS11,S12と同様である。 Processing in steps S21, S22 are the same as Steps S11, S12 of the first embodiment. このような通常状態の処理は、信号受信部24が車室内の音を検出するまで所定の周期で繰り返される(ステップS23にてNo)。 Such processes of the normal state, the signal receiving unit 24 is repeated in a predetermined cycle until the detection of a sound in the vehicle interior (No at step S23).
信号受信部24が車室内の音を検出した場合は(ステップS23にてYes)、画像処理装置2は、音の発生位置に応じた領域が黒画となる表示画像5を生成し、この表示画像5を表示装置3に表示させる。 If the signal receiving unit 24 detects a sound in the vehicle interior (Yes at step S23), the image processing apparatus 2 generates the display image 5 region corresponding to the occurrence position of the sound becomes black screen, the display and it displays an image 5 on the display device 3.
まず、位置判定部20cが、左右の2つのマイク6それぞれからの音声信号に基づいて、音の発生位置を判定する(ステップS24)。 First, the position determination unit 20c, based on the right and left of the two audio signals from the microphone 6, respectively, determining the occurrence position of the sound (step S24).
次に、画像生成部22が、画像取得部21が取得したカメラ1の撮影画像を用い、撮影画像の被写体を全領域が示す表示画像5を生成する(ステップS25)。 Next, the image generating unit 22, using the image captured by the camera 1 by the image acquiring unit 21 acquires and generates a display image 5 showing the subject of the captured image the entire area (step S25). 次に、領域指示部20aは、表示画像5のうち音の発生位置に応じた領域を黒画とする領域に決定し、決定した領域を画像生成部22に指示する。 Then, the area instruction section 20a determines a region to a region corresponding to the occurrence position of the sound out of the display image 5 with a black screen, and instructs the determined area to the image generating unit 22. 画像生成部22は、表示画像5のうち領域指示部20aが指示した領域を黒画にする(ステップS26)。 Image generating unit 22 to the black screen area the area instruction section 20a has instructed in the display image 5 (step S26).
次に、画像出力部23が、画像生成部22が生成した表示画像5を表示装置3に出力する(ステップS27)。 Next, the image output unit 23 outputs the display image 5 image generating unit 22 has generated the display unit 3 (step S27). これにより、表示装置3において音の発生位置に応じた領域が黒画である表示画像5が表示される。 Thus, the area corresponding to the occurrence position of the sound in the display device 3 is displayed the display image 5 is black image. その結果、表示装置3の表示画面30において、音の発生位置を映す領域がミラーとして機能する。 As a result, the display screen 30 of the display device 3, a region that reflects the generation position of the sound acts as a mirror.
このような処理(ステップS25〜S27)は、信号受信部24が車室内の音を検出してから一定時間(例えば、1分)が経過するまで、所定の周期で繰り返される(ステップS28にてNo)。 Such process (step S25 to S27), the signal receiving unit 24 is a predetermined time from the detection of the sound in the vehicle interior (for example, 1 minute) until the elapsed at repeated (step S28 with a predetermined period No). 一定時間が経過すると(ステップS28にてYes)、処理はステップS21に戻る。 When a predetermined time has elapsed (Yes at step S28), the process returns to step S21.
以上のように、第3の実施の形態の画像表示システム10においては、信号受信部24が車両9の車室内で発生した音を検出し、位置判定部20cが音の発生位置を判定する。 As described above, in the image display system 10 of the third embodiment, it detects the sound signal receiving portion 24 occurs in the passenger compartment of the vehicle 9, determining occurrence position of the position determination unit 20c sound. そして、信号受信部24が音を検出した場合は、画像生成部22は、表示画像5における音の発生位置に応じた領域を黒画にする。 Then, when the signal receiving unit 24 detects a sound, an image generator 22 to the black screen area corresponding to the occurrence position of the sound in the display image 5. このため、ユーザは、車室内の音の発生位置の様子を確認することができる。 Therefore, the user can see how the occurrence position of the vehicle interior sound.
なお、第3の実施の形態の画像表示システム10において、車室内で音が発生した場合とともに、ユーザが操作ボタン4を押下した場合にも、表示装置3の表示画面30の一部の領域がミラーとして機能するようにしてもよい。 In the image display system 10 of the third embodiment, together with the case where sound cabin occurs, even if the user presses the operation button 4, a part of the area of the display screen 30 of the display device 3 it may be configured to function as a mirror.
以上、本発明の実施の形態について説明してきたが、この発明は上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく様々な変形が可能である。 Having thus described the embodiments of the present invention, the invention is susceptible to various modifications without being limited to the above embodiment. 以下では、このような変形例について説明する。 The following describes such a modified example. 上記実施の形態及び以下で説明する形態を含む全ての形態は、適宜に組み合わせ可能である。 All forms including the form described in the above embodiment and the following can be appropriately combined.
上記第1の実施の形態では、操作ボタン4はステアリングホイールに配置されていたが、表示装置3の表示画面30の近傍に配置されてもよい。 In the first embodiment, the operation button 4 has been arranged on the steering wheel may be disposed near the display screen 30 of the display device 3.
また、上記第1の実施の形態では、ユーザが操作ボタン4を押下した場合に、表示装置3の表示画面30の一部の領域がミラーとして機能するようになっていた。 In the first embodiment, when the user presses the operation button 4, a partial area of the display screen 30 of the display device 3 is configured to act as a mirror. これに対して、表示装置3がタッチパネルを備えている場合は、ユーザがタッチ操作を行った場合に、表示装置3の表示画面30の一部の領域がミラーとして機能するようにしてもよい。 In contrast, if the display device 3 is provided with a touch panel, when the user performs a touch operation, a part of the area of the display screen 30 of the display device 3 may be configured to function as a mirror. この場合は、表示装置3の表示画面30のうち、ユーザがタッチ操作を行った位置に最も近い領域をミラーとして機能させることが望ましい。 In this case, of the display screen 30 of the display device 3, the user may be desirable to work area closest to a position subjected to the touch operation as a mirror.
また、上記第1の実施の形態では、表示画像5のうちユーザが押下した操作ボタン4に応じた領域が黒画とされていた。 In the first embodiment, the region corresponding to the operation button 4 the user presses in the display image 5 has been a black screen. これに対して、ユーザが一つの操作ボタンを押下するごとに、表示画像5のうち黒画とする領域が変更されるようにしてもよい。 In contrast, each time the user presses one of the operation buttons, may be a region of a black image is changed in the display image 5.
また、上記第3の実施の形態では、位置判定部20cは、2つのマイク6の音声信号の強度を比較することにより音の発生位置を判定していたが、他の手法で音の発生位置を判定してもよい。 In the third embodiment, the position determination unit 20c, which had to determine the occurrence location of a sound by comparing the intensity of the audio signals of the two microphones 6, generation position of the sound in other ways it may be determined. 例えば、位置判定部は、マイク6の音声信号に基づいて音声認識処理を行い、特定の音声(例えば、子供の泣き声)を認識した場合に、認識した音声に予め関連付けられた車室内の位置を音の発生位置として判定してもよい。 For example, the position determination unit performs speech recognition processing based on the audio signal of the microphone 6, a specific voice (for example, a child's crying) when recognizing, in advance associated vehicle position in the room on the recognized speech it may be determined as a generation position of the sound.
また、上記実施の形態では、表示装置3の表示画面30の一部の領域をミラーとして機能させてから一定期間が経過すると、画像処理装置2は通常状態に戻っていた。 In the above embodiment, when caused to function part of the area of the display screen 30 of the display device 3 as a mirror fixed period elapses after the image processing apparatus 2 had returned to the normal state. これに対して、ユーザが所定の操作を行った場合に、画像処理装置2が通常状態に戻るようにしてもよい。 In contrast, when the user performs a predetermined operation, the image processing device 2 may return to the normal state.
また、上記実施の形態において一つのブロックとして説明した機能は必ずしも単一の物理的要素によって実現される必要はなく、分散した物理的要素によって実現されてよい。 Also, functions described as a single block in the above embodiment need not necessarily be implemented by a single physical element may be implemented by distributed physical elements. また、上記実施の形態で複数のブロックとして説明した機能は単一の物理的要素によって実現されてもよい。 Also, functions described as multiple blocks in the above embodiments may be implemented by a single physical element. また、車両内の装置と車両外の装置とに任意の一つの機能に係る処理を分担させ、これら装置間において通信によって情報の交換を行うことで、全体として当該一つの機能が実現されてもよい。 Moreover, the process according to any one of the functions in the device of the device and outside the vehicle in a vehicle is shared, by performing exchange of information by the communication between these devices, even if the one function is realized as a whole good.
また、上記実施の形態においてプログラムの実行によってソフトウェア的に実現されると説明した機能の全部又は一部は電気的なハードウェア回路により実現されてもよく、ハードウェア回路によって実現されると説明した機能の全部又は一部はソフトウェア的に実現されてもよい。 It was also described as being implemented by a software manner all or part of the realized by the described functionality may be implemented by electrical hardware circuit, a hardware circuit by executing the program in the above-described embodiment all or part of the functions may be realized in software. また、上記実施の形態において一つのブロックとして説明した機能が、ソフトウェアとハードウェアとの協働によって実現されてもよい。 Also, functions described as a single block in the above embodiment may be realized by cooperation of software and hardware.
前記生成手段は、前記表示画像の一部の領域を黒画にすることを特徴とする画像処理装置。 It said generating means, an image processing apparatus characterized by a partial area of the display image on the black screen.
前記生成手段は、前記操作信号に応じて前記表示画像のうち前記黒画にする領域を変更することを特徴とする画像処理装置。 It said generating means, an image processing apparatus characterized by changing the area of the black screen of the display image in response to the operation signal.
前記生成手段は、前記表示画像のうち前記指定領域を前記黒画にすることを特徴とする画像処理装置。 It said generating means, an image processing apparatus, characterized by the black screen to the designated area of the display image.
前記生成手段は、前記検出手段が前記音を検出した場合は、前記表示画像における前記発生位置に応じた領域を前記黒画にすることを特徴とする画像処理装置。 The generating means, when said detecting means detects the sound, the image processing apparatus, characterized by the area corresponding to the occurrence position in the display image on the black screen.
を備えることを特徴とする画像表示システム。 The image display system comprising: a.
前記工程(b)は、前記表示画像の一部の領域を黒画にすることを特徴とする画像処理方法。 The step (b), an image processing method characterized by the partial area of the display image on the black screen.


text:
Search for Pre-Slavery Black Settlement in Florida Continues
BRADENTON, Fla. (AP) -- Gen. Andrew Jackson's early 19th century hunt for Angola ended with the Florida settlement's destruction. Documentarian Vickie Oldham is now trying to find remains of the old Florida town, the Southeast's last major outpost for free Blacks and fugitive slaves.
Since 2002, Oldham has worked to bring the story of Angola to life. A former television reporter in Sarasota, she has recruited historians, archaeologists and educators to produce a documentary, Web site and educational materials about Angola.
But its exact location in the Tampa Bay area remains elusive -- although some promising clues have recently been uncovered.
Historians say finding Angola would give new insight into Florida's role as a safe haven for runaway slaves. It would also highlight the state's violent transition into a bastion of bondage.
"They were making it on their own," Oldham said of the Angola settlers. "Those were the words that kept coming to me over and over -- they were empowering.
"I want others to be empowered by their story," said Oldham, who has raised more than $100,000 in state grants and donations to fund the search.
In the early 1800s, Florida was pure frontier. Along with being a haven for runaway slaves, it was home to other rogue elements that troubled the still-fledgling United States. British agents. Seminole Indians. The Spanish, who controlled Florida in name only.
Jackson invaded Florida in 1816, claiming national security concerns. The future president ordered the destruction of Negro Fort, a former British stronghold left to Black allies after the War of 1812. The demise of the Florida Panhandle outpost likely caused a population boom for Angola, which was founded in about 1812.
Over time, Angola became a key part of life on Florida's central gulf coast. Cuban fishermen knew of it. It was a trading outpost for the British, and catered to Indian men who came to Florida on hunting trips -- Historian Canter Brown Jr. jokingly describes them as Florida's "first tourists."
In 1821, Florida was about to transfer into U.S. control. Under a treaty with Spain, all Florida residents, including Blacks, would become U.S. citizens. Angola is believed to have been home to between 750 and 900 Black settlers.
But Jackson, who was appointed Florida's military governor as it became a territory, warned it would continue to "be a receptacle for rogues, murderers, and runaway Negroes" if more military campaigns weren't waged.
The general's requests were denied, but he seems to have sponsored attacks anyway, including the raid that year that destroyed Angola, said James M. Denham, a history professor at Florida Southern College, and Brown, who works at Georgia's Fort Valley State University.
A Lower Creek Indian war party attacked the settlement, likely at the behest of Jackson, and burned it to the ground.
"Several of Jackson's closest protégés are known to have been involved in the raid," said Brown, who has produced the most detailed account of Angola to date.
Some 300 men, women and children were sold into slavery. Those who escaped fled deeper into the peninsula or with Cuban fishermen whom they had forged relationships with over the years. Some ended up at Andros Island in the Bahamas, where modern-day descendants of Angola residents still live.
Denham said Jackson and others' efforts to rid Florida of armed Blacks marked a turning point for the South as Florida's status as a slave state was cemented.
"By the 1830s, the die is cast," Denham said.
Over the years, attempts to find Angola have failed but Oldham's team may be making progress.
Members recently carved out a grave-sized hole near the banks of the Manatee River, unearthing nails and other artifacts that likely date back to the 1800s.
Whether they're evidence of Angola will require more testing and research. But the dig yielded a promising find nearly three feet down: the distinct outline of a post.
The structure is gone, but sophisticated ground-penetrating radar images donated by Jacksonville-based Witten Technologies reveal similar features buried nearby.
The scans are generally used to find underground utilities, but New College of Florida archaeology professor Uzi Baram thinks they may reveal dwellings, footpaths, and manmade features. They give Baram and others hope that Angola may be nearby.
Oldham said finding archaeological evidence could prompt memorials, more teachings and wider recognition of Blacks' struggle for freedom in early Florida. "I don't think this project will ever be done," she said.
But for Baram and others, it's what Angola signified, not just what it left behind, that remains important.
"We're not going to find a sign that says Angola," Baram said. "These people escaped slavery with probably whatever they could carry on their back. In the end, their bodies were more important than they things they had."
about-slavery

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
District Court Modifies Magistrate Judge's Order Requiring Production of Forensically Sound Copies of Defendant's Servers to Allow for Pre-Production Privilege Review
Tagged with CASE SUMMARIES
Bro-Tech Corp. v. Thermax, Inc., 2008 WL 724627 (E.D. Pa. Mar. 17, 2008)
In this case involving claims of misappropriation of trade secrets, defendants objected to an order of a magistrate judge requiring them to disclose "forensically sound" images of certain data storage devices (Thermax's India and Michigan servers) to plaintiffs' counsel without any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure or prior filtering for privileged or work-product materials that the images might hold. The production was required to permit a determination of whether defendants had violated an earlier stipulation and order that had imposed an ongoing obligation on defendants to return to plaintiffs any of plaintiffs' files in their possession, and then to purge such files from their possession, custody and/or control.
The magistrate judge's order had issued in the context of a dispute around the deposition of Stephen Wolfe, an employee of Huron Consulting Group, a computer forensic services firm relied on by defendants for both testifying and consultative expert work. Wolfe testified that, at Thermax's direction, he had performed two distinct tasks. The first was to produce an expert report regarding whether an array of plaintiff's information identified by plaintiff's expert was located on a discrete set of data storage devices, after performing all necessary searches of images of the devices. This set of devices did not include the India or Michigan servers. The second task was to conduct electronic searches of images of Thermax's India and Michigan servers for evidence of plaintiff's files therein (which, in accordance with the parties' earlier stipulation and order, already should have been disclosed to plaintiffs and purged). The two tasks were different in several ways, as each task involved searches of different devices, with the searches involved in the former task providing the exclusive basis of Wolfe's expert report, and the searches of the India and Michigan servers not informing his report in any respect. In other words, Wolfe performed the former task in his capacity as a testifying expert, and performed the latter task in his capacity as a consulting expert.
In requiring the disclosure of the India and Michigan servers to plaintiffs, the magistrate judge had reasoned that, because Wolfe had testified that "he considered the [servers], for purposes of Rule 26(a)(2)(B), Defendants must provide copies [of the servers] to Plaintiffs, regardless of any claim of attorney-client privilege or work product doctrine."
Defendants raised two objections to the magistrate judge's order. They argued that, before any disclosure of the contents of the India and Michigan servers to plaintiffs' counsel occurred, defendants had the legal right to filter the information to be disclosed in order to remove any attorney-client communications or work product material therein. Defendants also argued that they should be required to disclose (after a review for privileged materials) only files which yielded hits during a targeted search of the India and Michigan servers for evidence of plaintiffs' files, and not, as the order required, to disclose the entire contents of the India and Michigan servers for plaintiffs' counsel's review.
Plaintiffs argued that the order should not be disturbed because inspection of the entire India and Michigan servers by plaintiffs' counsel was the only way to ensure that no violation of the stipulation and order had occurred. Plaintiffs further asserted that defendant had waived any privilege it might have been able to claim in the information on the India and Michigan servers by disclosing the servers to Wolfe.
The District Court sustained defendants' objections to the magistrate judge's order. The court overruled as contrary to law that portion of the magistrate judge's order which compelled defendants to produce to plaintiffs the entire India and Michigan servers for paintiffs' review, without regard for privilege, on Rule 26(a)(2)(B) grounds. The court observed that Wolfe had repeatedly stated under oath that the India and Michigan servers were outside the scope of his expert report, and that he did not consider them in his testifying expert role. Instead, his expert report exclusively concerned the contents of other devices. Because the information on the India and Michigan servers was not disclosed to or considered by Wolfe for purposes of his expert report, the court ruled that Rule 26(a)(2)(B) did not apply to the materials on those servers, and did not provide a legal basis for requiring their disclosure to plaintiffs.
Notwithstanding this ruling, the court agreed that under the circumstances, a significant measure of disclosure of the contents of the India and Michigan servers was necessary to ensure that Thermax had not retained plaintiff's information in violation of their stipulation and order. Because there was no evidence of an intentional violation of the parties' stipulation and order, the court found that full disclosure of the servers was not warranted. "We know too little about the contents of the files that yielded hits during Wolfe's search of the India and Michigan servers to reach such a conclusion at this time. Wolfe's search may have yielded false hits, or may otherwise have signaled files that were properly in Thermax's possession; conversely, the hits may indicate a Thermax violation."
Accordingly, the court ordered a more limited production:
Defense counsel, within three days, to produce to plaintiffs' computer forensic expert forensically sound copies of the images of all electronic data storage devices in Michigan and India of which Huron Consulting Group ("Huron") made copies in May and June 2007. These forensically sound copies are to be marked "CONFIDENTIAL–DESIGNATED COUNSEL ONLY";
Review of these forensically sound copies to be limited to:
(a) MD5 hash value searches for plaintiff's documents identified as such in the litigation;
(b) File name searches for plaintiff's documents; and
(c) Searches for documents containing any term identified by Wolfe in his expert report;
All documents identified in these searches by plaintiffs' computer forensic expert to be provided to defense counsel in electronic format, who will review these documents for privilege;
Within seven days of such receipt, defense counsel to provide all such documents which are not privileged, and a privilege log for any withheld or redacted documents, to plaintiffs' counsel. Plaintiffs' counsel to not have access to any other documents on the images;
Each party to bear its own costs.
No Sanctions Warranted for Failure to Produce "Smoking Gun" Email, Where Email System Did Not Retain Any Sent Emails
Magistrate Judge Orders Expedited Forensic Imaging of Defendants' Computers


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Liverpool midfielder Xabi Alonso is waiting to hear from Juventus after admitting he would be open to a move to Turin.
The Spain international has been closely linked with a switch to the Serie A giants after four seasons in England with the Reds.
"I am really very proud that a club so strong and historic as Juve like me. Juve is a very special club and one that I like," Alonso told Gazzetta dello Sport from Spain's training base in Neustift.
"I am waiting. I know that Juve are interested and I also know there has been contact with Liverpool and with my agent," he added.
The 26-year-old, who has a contract with Liverpool until 2012, believes he would have no problem adapting to life in Serie A.
"It has nothing to do with characteristics or where you are," he said.
"A good player feels comfortable anywhere.
"After four years in the Liga and four in the Premiership, to play in Italy would be like completing my career."


Yesterday afternoon I'm at a locally owned and independent coffee house, flipping through the Sunday paper. Seated at a table near to me, well within eavesdropping distance, are three individuals that-before I even sat down-I immediately knew were Liberals. Mom was an older lady seated next to, I think, her son who was there with his girlfriend or wife. None of them looked as if they were too familiar with soap and water.
Suddenly, something offensive presented itself to "Ma" and the "Other Gal". As they flipped through the local Sunday paper they were offended by a half-page Macy's Department Store Ad, titled: "Columbus Day Outerwear Sale".
Why, didn't Macy's know that Columbus was a mass murderer, the two ladies asked each other aloud? Then they whipped out their respective cell phones. One called Directory Assistance and I heard her ask for Macy's telephone number. The next thing I knew, both Ma and The Other Gal were trying to get through to Macy's Customer Service Department to voice their displeasure about promoting an outerwear sale using the name of the explorer.
"I want Macy's to know that we here in Minnesota don't celebrate Columbus Day. Columbus was a mass murderer. Did you know Columbus was a mass murderer,"intoned the Other Gal speaking to whomever the poor individual was fielding Macy's incoming calls. Ma was busy with her phone, repeating the same talking points to the Macy's rep on her line: "We don't celebrate Columbus Day in Minnesota. You do know Columbus was a mass murderer, don't you?"
Well, sorry to burst your bubble there, gals, but we most certainly do celebrate Columbus Day here in good ol' Minnesota. See if your local and state government offices are open today. Guess what - they're not - they're closed in observance of Columbus Day (GASP!).
So, Maaaaaaaaa...So Other Gal...(to his credit, the balding-pony-tailed male with them did not partake in Macy's Outerwear Columbus Day Sale outrage, preferring to surf the web on his laptop), we do indeed celebrate and observe Columbus Day here in Minnesota.
Just try and get those state and local government workers to give up their paid Columbus Day Holiday! Ain't gonna happen.
Later, Ma and Other Gal were discussing a local stage play, titled "Wellstone", about the life of Paul Wellstone. Ma made sure to mention that Wellstone "was killed in that plane crash" before his third Senatorial re-election attempt. Now what an absurd and ignorant statement to make. The NTSB found no evidence - none, ZERO - that there was any foul play in the Wellstone plane crash. The NTSB, in fact, ruled the crash due to the "flight crew's failure to maintain adequate airspeed, which led to an aerodynamic stall from which they did not recover."
Somehow, in their sick, twisted, polluted and conspiratorial minds, the Left adamantly believes that Wellstone was killed when no evidence exists to prove it. But the Left somehow has convinced themselves that Vince Foster wasn't killed. The Left believes that before getting out of his car, Foster removed his shoes and walked stocking footed through Ft. Marcy Park and then, just before committing "suicide", put his shoes back on. That's a likely and believable scenario, isn't it?
Well, Maaaaaaa, Paul would still be around if only he hadn't lied. Wellstone repeatedly promised that he would only serve two terms. He lied. He then sought a third term. Had he kept his promise to not seek a third term he never would have boarded the doomed flight that killed him and all others on board.
Anyway...HAPPY COLUMBUS DAY, people...HAPPY COLUMBUS DAY ! And if you weren't aware of it, Macy's is having an Outerwear Sale today. A Columbus Day Outerwear sale!
Make sure your brains are loaded before you shoot your mouth off.
All state workers were at the trough yesterday.
Stop interfering in my Right Wing Propaganda Machine with facts otherwise Rove will boot me off the payroll !!!


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text:
PARADIGM SHIFT OR GRADUAL CHANGES?christoforos.c2020-07-14T12:13:47+03:00
Andreas Theophanous
Professor of Economics and Public Policy
President, Cyprus Center for European and International Affairs
Head, Department of Politics and Governance
University of Nicosia
Yiannos Katsourides
Department of Politics and Governance
PARADIGM SHIFT OR GRADUAL CHANGES?
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic many analysts have identified possible changes that will affect politics, the economy and society. These could include changes to a number of fields and areas: the EU, the global economy, employment relations, national welfare systems, national political systems and international relations in general, the role of the nation state, globalization, identity politics, education etc. Some, have even proposed that the extent and magnitude of the changes may be far reaching. This special issue aims to discuss, among others, these potential political changes and particularly whether a paradigm shift might be on the making.
In this introductory note we discuss two of these issues that touch upon the economy (Neoliberalism) and the organization of international relations (the role of the nation-state). The unprecedented conditions that the pandemic has created all over the globe unavoidably affect all aspects of public and private life. Beyond issues of public health and the continuous rising toll of deaths, an economic crisis is simmering anew, just a few years after the huge financial crisis of 2008. Moreover, a number of scholars and analysts fear that the magnitude and the consequences of the boiling economic crisis could be bigger than that of the great depression in 1929-33.
During the Eurozone crisis, Neoliberalism, as this was crystallized and institutionalized in recent decades and despite the harsh criticism it has received, remained the dominant paradigm of economic thought and action. However, the COVID-19 crisis has put into question fundamental pillars of this paradigm with the most illustrative example being the advancement of the crucial role of the state not only in areas considered as high politics but in the everyday life of citizens. It is in this context that the analogies with the past are crucial as they help understand the transitional phase we are currently in.
Before the 1929-1933 depression, in the USA, the cardinal paradigm of economic governance were the classic and neo-classic economic theories. The basic premise of these theories was the absolute faith in the free and unregulated market that was seen as always leading to full employment and sufficient economic activity. The allocation of resources was basically determined by the price mechanism. Furthermore, the role of the state was limited. Issues of social justice and inequalities were not among the preoccupation of these theories. It was this 'economic certainty' that Keynes questioned even before the crisis and went subsequently to establish his own economic theory, thus signaling a major swing in economic perceptions and economic governance.
Keynes showed that economic activity could have severe fluctuations highlighting at the same time the importance of aggregate demand. He also emphasized that there could be extended periods of low economic activity and unemployment arguing that the concept of market equilibrium professed by the free market advocates did not guarantee full employment. Keynes believed in an interventionist state particularly in the fields of fiscal and monetary policies.
Before 1929 Keynes was considered heretic. The 1929-33 economic crash overturned long-established perceptions and beliefs and led to a sweeping change of the economic paradigm. Classical economists and the then President Hoover insisted that the market would overcome the crisis if left alone. This did not happen and Roosevelt came to power in 1932 endorsing Keynesian economics though his New Deal. The day after in the US and the world was different: the new economic paradigm was based on mixed economy and the role of the state was seen as vital. Keynes ideas although subsequently criticized still inspire a great number of economic theorists and practitioners.
Following the golden years of Keynesianism, a new school of economic thought emerged in the 1960s and gained firm roots in the 1970s: Neoliberalism. The neoliberal criticism focused on what they perceived as distortions to economic activity due to state interventionism blaming particularly high government spending, excessive regulation and high tax rates. Supply side economists emphasized how Keynes focused exclusively on demand and ignored supply and all those factors affecting it. R. Reagan in the US, M. Thatcher in the UK and to a lesser extent H. Kohl in Germany were the main political representatives of Neoliberalism.
Their theoretical motto was 'creating opportunities, not providing guarantees'. This first version of neoliberal economics emphasized tax reforms. In particular, they advocated the decrease of corporate tax, personal income tax rates and capital gains tax, increasing at the same time indirect taxation.
Keynesian economics were partially restored by Clinton when he came to office in 1992 (Neo-Keynesianism). He maintained though some basic features of Neoliberalism. However, he further led the deregulation of the financial markets, an act that played its part in the global financial crisis in 2008. Both in the US and in Europe the period that followed saw a turn towards 'lesser state' and severe cuts in social welfare. This represented a second version of Neoliberalism (II) whose stronger advocate was A. Merkel's Germany. In the EU, Germany strongly promoted balanced budgets and primary surpluses even in periods of deep recession. This policy increased inequalities between EU member-states but also within states, it shrunk the numbers of the middle class, increased poverty and unemployment and led millions of people to marginalization. Neoliberalism marched through harsh austerity.
History though often tends to repeat itself albeit not exactly in the same way as the first time. The pandemic and the socioeconomic consequences it has caused exposed the weaknesses of Neoliberalism II and some of the obsessions of neoliberal elites. Current debates are now concerned, inter alia, with the day after. Probably the main question is whether the pandemic experience will lead to a paradigm shift. In this regard, economic debates are expected to polarize between neoliberal and Keynesian approaches emphasizing issues relating to social welfare and the role of the state. Fueled by the repercussions of the pandemic, Keynesian economics are already resurfacing. In this context, the hegemonic neoliberal narrative will be under a lot of pressure. Whether these pressures will lead to a change or transformation of the dominant economic and political paradigm is largely dependent by the mediation of political actors.
In a more political vein, similar discussions are taking place with regard to the repercussions of the pandemic on the organization of the international system. Much like the terrorist attacks of 9/11 have changed dramatically the context and several parameters in the way the international system worked and organized, many analysts expect that the Covid-19 could also have a similar influence. For example, some expect that globalization will cease to unfold the way it has been in recent years, at least temporarily, whereas the EU will be tested once again and its future course will be defined by the decisions taken in the wake of the pandemic.
The state, the nation-state, international and regional organizations as well as the process of globalization have been the focus of extensive analyses by various theoretical strands: realists, liberals, Marxists, etc., with each school emphasizing its own assumptions. These theoretically informed debates and analyses have never taken place in Cyprus in order to position our country in the complex international environment. There seems to be a belief among analysts that the nation-state is making a comeback, fueled by this extraordinary crisis. Debates about reverting powers previously given to regional or international organizations have revived, particularly in the EU. In reality though the nation-state was always present and the most important actor in international affairs.
In this period, almost all EU states adopted aggressively expansionist fiscal policies. The admittedly generous measures of state interventionism taken, with the encouragement of the EU, reveal a shift away from Neoliberalism II. More cautious analysts though, foresee a rather temporal shift of economic practices. According to this line of thought, the history of economic crises shows that governments and political forces in liberal, free-market democracies tend to enhance the social welfare state during and in the immediate aftermath of economic crises only to weaken it in periods of 'normalization'. Free markets, crises and state intervention seem to co-exist in a dynamic relationship where, paradoxically, the return of the 'free-market normality' is almost always achieved via state intervention.
The pendulum between the forces of globalization and those of the nation-state, between the forces of Neoliberalism and Keynesianism represents a very complex 'battlefield'. The day after could affect changes in political perceptions, practices and structures. However, this is highly contingent on the balance of power between social and political forces representing each camp and the way political actors will act. Taken together, they will determine whether Neoliberalism will recoup or wane. The balance between these forces is yet to crystallize which makes any definite judgement regarding the final outcome premature. The apparent weakness both of national and most profoundly the international systems of governance to provide and guarantee vital public goods, such as health, biodiversity and the climate, necessitates the redesign of national and international arrangements.


I'd like to invite you to be a featured interviewee on the topic of "The Role of Patient Advocacy in Patient Safety" for AHRQ WebM&M, the online case-based journal on medical errors and patient safety. The Web site represents the federal government's major effort to educate practicing doctors and nurses about patient safety. Together with its sister site AHRQ PSNet, AHRQ WebM&M gets nearly a million visits annually. You can visit the site at http://webmm.ahrq.gov.
WebM&M is managed by Bob Wachter MD (blog, Twitter Bob_Wachter), with whom I've crossed paths a few times; I described his work and my impression in a post here a while ago, and let's just say I'd jump at anything he recommends. So we did the interview, and it faded away into the backlog of things being processed (by somebody else :-)).
Then a few weeks ago, up popped the transcript, ready for review. A few quick edits, and voilá: In Conversation with…Dave deBronkart ("e-Patient Dave"). It includes an 8 minute excerpt of the audio.
Honestly, I'm thrilled to have been invited to do this. Thanks to Bob, to AHRQ (the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) … and to every single one of the clinicians and patient advocates whose thoughts and advice in these past seven years have given me these thoughts.
Patients are the ultimate stakeholder. HRO should partner with us!
Last month I posted that I'd be participating in the 8th international conference on High Reliability Organizing (HRO). Today I participated in a breakout session where the moderator decided to "flip" the session, and start with Q&A, making the whole session audience generated on the fly. Woohoo!
I threw together a set of slides, which I started to present as time ran out. Here's the whole set. It's not a speech – it's a set of topics that just ends.
I learned a ton at this event, from people who've worked on preventing disasters in other industries (aviation, firefighting, nuclear energy, etc). I hope to say much much more later about what I learned – this presentation was to people in HRO who aren't familiar with the "patient as partner" idea.
One major new buzzword I picked up is situational awareness. I know aviation and military people are familiar with it – you can't possibly perform reliably (do the right thing) in a situation if you don't know what the situation is. But somehow, almost everywhere in medicine, clinicians too often disregard what patients and family are trying to tell them. We need to transform this – all of us.


text:
Q: MYSQL UNION - Producing unexpected Result I have the following MYSQL Query
MYSQL
SELECT SUM(shop_order_price), p.category
from shop_orders so
INNER JOIN product p
on so.shop_order_product_id=p.product_id
WHERE so.shop_order_action = 'Sale'
AND so.brand = '53'
AND p.category = 'Mens'
AND so.shop_order_location = 'Bawtry'
AND so.shop_order_month = '05'  AND so.shop_order_year = '2014'

UNION ALL

    SELECT SUM(shop_order_price), p.category
    from shop_orders so
    INNER JOIN product p
    on so.shop_order_product_id=p.product_id
    WHERE so.shop_order_action = 'Sale'
    AND so.brand = '53'
    AND p.category= 'Ladies'
    AND so.shop_order_location = 'Bawtry'
    AND so.shop_order_month = '05'  AND so.shop_order_year = '2014'

    UNION ALL

    SELECT SUM(shop_order_price), p.category
    from shop_orders so
    INNER JOIN product p
    on so.shop_order_product_id=p.product_id
    WHERE so.shop_order_action = 'Sale'
    AND so.brand = '53'
    AND so.shop_order_location = 'Bawtry'
    AND so.shop_order_month = '05'  AND so.shop_order_year = '2014'

Which produces the following result :
RESULT
SUM(shop_order_price)        category
--------------------         ---------

282.5                         Mens
751                           Ladies
1033.5                        Ladies

The SUM figures are correct, however, the bottom row displays 'Ladies' in the category column, even though no category is specified in the query.
My questions is can I get this final row to display TOTAL instead of Ladies ? So the result would appear as follows:
Expected Result
 SUM(shop_order_price)        category
    --------------------         ---------

    282.5                         Mens
    751                           Ladies
    1033.5                        TOTAL

Any advice would be great.

A: It's not an elegant solution, but you can try this. It is not assigning a column value to it, but has 'TOTAL' hardcoded in it, which I think should result in what you're after.
MYSQL
SELECT SUM(shop_order_price), p.category
from shop_orders so
INNER JOIN product p
on so.shop_order_product_id=p.product_id
WHERE so.shop_order_action = 'Sale'
AND so.brand = '53'
AND p.category = 'Mens'
AND so.shop_order_location = 'Bawtry'
AND so.shop_order_month = '05'  AND so.shop_order_year = '2014'

UNION ALL

    SELECT SUM(shop_order_price), p.category
    from shop_orders so
    INNER JOIN product p
    on so.shop_order_product_id=p.product_id
    WHERE so.shop_order_action = 'Sale'
    AND so.brand = '53'
    AND p.category= 'Ladies'
    AND so.shop_order_location = 'Bawtry'
    AND so.shop_order_month = '05'  AND so.shop_order_year = '2014'

    UNION ALL

    SELECT SUM(shop_order_price), 'Total'
    from shop_orders so
    INNER JOIN product p
    on so.shop_order_product_id=p.product_id
    WHERE so.shop_order_action = 'Sale'
    AND so.brand = '53'
    AND so.shop_order_location = 'Bawtry'
    AND so.shop_order_month = '05'  AND so.shop_order_year = '2014'

A: You can use GROUP BY with the WITH ROLLUP modifier, to simplify your query:
SELECT SUM(shop_order_price), p.category
FROM shop_orders so
  INNER JOIN product p
  ON so.shop_order_product_id = p.product_id
WHERE so.shop_order_action = 'Sale'
  AND so.brand = '53'
  AND p.category IN ('Mens', 'Ladies')
  AND so.shop_order_location = 'Bawtry'
  AND so.shop_order_month = '05'
  AND so.shop_order_year = '2014'
GROUP BY p.category
  WITH ROLLUP ;

If you want to not show NULL but 'TOTAL', this should better be in the application side. You can do it in SQL, wrapping query in a derived table - but I wouldn't use this:
SELECT
    sum_order_price,
    COALESCE(category, 'TOTAL') AS category
FROM
  ( SELECT SUM(shop_order_price) AS sum_order_price,
           p.category
    FROM shop_orders so
      INNER JOIN product p
      ON so.shop_order_product_id = p.product_id
    WHERE so.shop_order_action = 'Sale'
      AND so.brand = '53'
      AND p.category IN ('Mens', 'Ladies')
      AND so.shop_order_location = 'Bawtry'
      AND so.shop_order_month = '05'
      AND so.shop_order_year = '2014'
    GROUP BY p.category
      WITH ROLLUP
  ) AS dt ;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Creating criteria for SQL SELECT statement using selections in listbox I am trying to enable the user to select employees from a listbox and then press a command button that will run a query that includes the selected employees (trimmers) in the a WHERE statement.
I've attempted this using a loop that adds the selected list items to a string variable that I plan to use in my SQL WHERE statement. I add " or like" to the variable each time it loops through a list selection. My problem is that I don't want the first item to have "or" in front of it. I want the first item to return "Like TrimmerName1" and the rest of the items to return " or like TrimmerName2" etc.
Maybe there is a totally different approach that would be better. I'm not sure. I'm pretty new to VBA and this is my second time posting here. Any help is appreciated!
Here is my code:
Dim varTrimmers As Variant
Dim varTrimmer As String
Dim VCriteria As String

For Each varTrimmers In Me.lstTrimmers.ItemsSelected
varTrimmer = Me.lstTrimmers.ItemData(varTrimmers)

VCriteria = VCriteria & " or like " & "'" & varTrimmer & "'"

Next varTrimmers

A: When it's finished looping, remove the first 4 characters.
Dim varTrimmers As Variant
Dim varTrimmer As String
Dim VCriteria As String

For Each varTrimmers In Me.lstTrimmers.ItemsSelected
  varTrimmer = Me.lstTrimmers.ItemData(varTrimmers)
  VCriteria = VCriteria & " or like " & "'" & varTrimmer & "'"
Next varTrimmers
VCriteria = Mid$(VCriteria, 4, Len(VCriteria))

A: Dim varTrimmers As Variant
Dim varTrimmer As String
Dim VCriteria As String

For Each varTrimmers In Me.lstTrimmers.ItemsSelected
varTrimmer = Me.lstTrimmers.ItemData(varTrimmers)

VCriteria = VCriteria & " or like " & "'" & varTrimmer & "'"

Next varTrimmers

VCriteria = Right([VCriteria], Len([VCriteria]) - 4)