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Exploring sexual potential
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One of the greatest contributions to science by the late Joseph Nicolosi, Ph.D., was his revealing the existence of double-binds. Painstakingly, he demonstrated how men who experience same-sex attractions are often caught up in a set of totally contradictory feelings, more often than when one experiences opposite-sex attractions. Not only are they contradictory, they appear to be incompatible. A world of paradoxes comes into view which cannot be understood in a straightforwardly way. Paradoxes feel uncomfortable and yearn intensely to be resolved. This article aims to change the usual narrative and to come to peace with them. They are very private friends.
We can demonstrate Paradox Psychology with, for example, alcoholism. Imagine a client coming in to see his psychotherapist and starting up this conversation:
Ther.: "You said you wanted to stop drinking".
Client: "I sure do".
Ther.: "It is hard. To do so, you must truly be motivated".
Client: "I am, to the bottom of my heart".
Ther.: "Would you like a drink?"
Client: "Have you got any?"
The therapist is trying to raise the motivation issue but stumbles upon the client's paradoxical reactions. Does the client want to stop? He does, but he doesn't really. The therapist is heading for a straightforward answer, "What 'll be boy, yes or no?". But the client is being perfectly honest.
Ther.: "Shall we say you sort of want to, but not really?"
Client: "I don't know. I want to stop".
Ther.: "You are caught in the middle. Is that true?"
Client: "Jeez, I hate this mess. I need to sober up. I will talk about it with Dan".
Ther.: "Who is Dan?"
Client: "The guy I am seeing at the pub when we are done".
To cope with this weird array of messages, a new kind of psychology comes in handy. After all, at the rate we see above, a straight-forward answer can take ages, if not years, to achieve. How to get him sober?
Alfred Adler, psycho-analyst
Alfred Adler recognized this phenomenon in 1937 and introduced Paradox Psychology. In Wikipedia, we read,
"While there are many treatment theories that address separate aspects of behavior, emotions, and thinking, this approach focuses on the obvious fact that human's entire existence is a 'living paradox'. This paradox is evidenced by the fact that we live in an animal body, but we walk upright with our 'mind in the clouds'; our DNA is programmed to function via instinct, yet we prefer to assert free-will; we are smart enough to 'know better', but quite often repeat past mistakes. As such, it could be argued that the study of 'man as a paradox' is most closely aligned with our 'essence' as a human being."
Paradox Psychology (PP) offers a way out. In PP, we recognize that paradoxes thrive abundantly in our lives, but that at the same time we always seem to be looking for a straight-forward answer to reality. When you think about it, you could say that a straight-forward answer is the one-dimensional view: you are either right or wrong, you are either 'this' or 'that'. But in PP, however, we embrace the paradigm that much in human life exists out of saying: I am 'this', but I am also 'that'.
Mainstream psychology has cleverly created a workaround. If there are more ways than one to consider a predicament, it comes up with a brilliant invention called a scale of, say, three or five or seven intermediate points. You have to take your pick. Life issues are reduced to something somewhere in between extremes. Mainstream thinking knows for sure.
In PP, however, this is still viewed as one-dimensional where only one answer is considered to be appropriate, preferably somewhere nicely in the middle. PP has a different approach. It recognizes that there can be TWO truths, both existing at the same time at both extremes, and not somewhere in between! And existing in the same person!
PP does not divide the world into mono-dimensional groups to prove its point. Hence, it does not embrace the diversity of groups (as does LGBT-psychology), it embraces the diversity of thought itself. Pride flags are not to be found in PP. Because with every statement that an individual boldly mutters, PP also introduces a doubt.
What is Paradox Psychology?
A therapist may ask, "Who are you? What 'll be boy, yes or no?" Well, in PP, it is a full-blown 'Yes' and a full-blown 'NO' at the same time in the same person. This is mind-goggling when you think about it.
– Step 1 in PP is accepting the fact that there may be more roads than one, leading to Rome.
– Step 2a and 2b is to investigate each extreme to fully understand its significance. After all, there is much to be said for both extremes.
– Step 3 is to see what new paradox now bubbles up in this process. It always does (the human mind is creative).
– Step 4 is to grab this new paradox by the horns and go back with it to step 1 to analyze these new extremes. You have now created a loop. If you have sincerely analyzed both extremes, you rise to the next level: 'Gentlemen, round 2, ring the bell'.
Let me demonstrate this with the chap we introduced above with his alcohol problem.
First step: He says: "I want to stop". Okay, let us assume that this is a genuine answer. Why stop? Well, health reasons for one, money reasons too, or the creation of a false (drunken) reality to soothe the stuff that is going on. How about a nagging wife, she's bound to be around! Or a hangover at work in the morning until 11 a.m., the Monday morning blues that The Mamas And The Papas sang about ("Monday, Monday"); the aggressive moods that booze creates; the feelings of dissatisfaction that can come around; flabby love-handles that refuse to disappear. There are plenty of reasons to want to stop.
At the other extreme, however, he says: "Have you got one?" What is this, all of a sudden? Well, booze is nice, booze makes you calm; booze helps you sleep; booze is available everywhere; it is a way to create relationships with buddies; refusing booze is only for sissies; nice booze is a way to socialize; good booze makes you feel better. We can hear the client saying, "Please take your anti-booze preaching elsewhere and say after me: 'life is short, you only live once: YOLO".
Second step. In these paradoxical answers, let us take one new paradox that bubbled up and analyze it. The client says: "I have aggressive moods with booze, I want to stop" and he says: "Booze makes me calm, I need it". But how on earth can you feel aggressive and calm at the same time? Only PP can tolerate the tension that these two statements provoke.
Let's dig into this question. Why are you aggressive? "Well, there is this inner tension". What does alcohol do? "Well, it relieves that same tension". What tension would that be? "Trembling, nausea, a feeling of sickness, a feeling of unhappiness that I remember from childhood, the feeling that I cannot cope with everything around me. I need a drink to feel good, to relieve tension, to help me relax and sleep, to be who I am. To be one with my buddies. I feel so alone".
The other extreme: what happens if you do not drink? "Well, the tension increases, the nausea increases, I feel hungry, I tremble, it feels like some sort of nervous breakdown. I need a drink, hurry up!"
From a therapist's point of view, the symptoms 'hunger', 'nausea', 'trembling' and 'sleeplessness' are what we call: withdrawal symptoms. Each time a heavily addicted client suddenly stops drinking, these symptoms emerge.
Therefore, by accepting all the paradoxes that the client expresses, we have come to see that the client has withdrawal symptoms if he/she does not drink. These symptoms appear quite suddenly and are very pervasive. They nag and nag and nag: nausea, nervousness, sleeplessness, trembling, depression.
We now have reached a new narrative: habitual drinking can be seen as a coping strategy to deal with the immediate emergence of withdrawal symptoms as soon as the alcohol blood level drops sharply. And those symptoms are caused by the body (they are somatic symptoms), they are not created by the mind.
Having understood what is going on, we can question-mark much of uni-dimensional therapy. Is the nagging wife the problem? (No). Is the money the problem (No). Are the 'Monday Morning Blues' the problem (A nuisance? yes; The ultimate problem? no). Are love-handles the problem? (Unsightly? yes; The ultimate problem? no).
What is the problem then? We have reached a new narrative, namely: the withdrawal symptoms. The alcoholic paradox can be seen as an immediate reaction towards a sharp drop of the alcohol level in the blood. This sharp drop always causes mild to severe withdrawal symptoms in a person who drinks habitually. But as soon as they appear, they are pervasive and nagging, to the extent that it creates tension. Booze is the ultimate relief.
Voila! PP creates a new narrative of alcoholism. One can view alcoholism as the fox who is chased by a pack of hounds called 'Withdrawal Symptoms'. The hounds chase while the fox runs for sweet life itself.
And that is how a good bottle of gin, beer, or Vodka, especially in company, feels like, the up-side: drinking alcohol has become the essence of a short moment of the love and celebration of life itself. Cheers! And all fellow-drinkers agree: we are one, we embrace the shortcomings of life, and we appreciate booze in the process.
But all are driven forward by the pervasiveness of mild or extreme withdrawal symptom, the down-side.
We have made a few loops of PP to reach this insight by examining one extreme and then the other. Suddenly, a new insight emerges. After a few loops, the original paradox just fades out of view, making way for more meaningful messages about the craziness of life. And the way it fades out of view is the way we like it.
By the way, in this imaginary example, marriage counseling for the nagging wife is not going to help, a new set of friends is not going to help, improvement of social skills is not going to help, more motivation and spiritual guidance is not going to help, more misery is not going to help. It is the immediate relief of withdrawal symptoms when the alcohol blood level drops sharply, which constitutes a serious candidate for the medical doctor to consider in his therapy plan.
PP saves time, effort, and the needless blaming of bystanders and spouses. It can pave the way for timely interventions based on open-minded analyses of all available options.
In the coming parts 30 to 42 of this 24-part series (paradox there, sorry), we will scrutinize same-sex attractions (SSA's).
For example, here is Jeremy.
Ther.: "How do you feel about men?"
Jeremy: "Which ones?"
Ther.: "The ones you like."
Jeremy: "I like all men".
Ther.: "Why?"
Jeremy: "Men are great".
Ther.: "Which ones do you not like?"
Jeremy: "Jeez, there are so many assholes walking around, I hate them. I am glad I am not like them".
See any paradox there? He hates but he does not hate. These are two extremes. In PP, the truth is not in the middle but full-blown in both extremes at the same time in the same individual. In PP, we do not hold the paradox against him; to the contrary, we are glad he is bringing it forward.
So, we investigate the first extreme, which for him is totally true. What do you make of this analysis?
Why love all men? Well, men are great, and maleness is awesome. Maleness is staggering, especially when you are using public transport. Don't know why, but it just is. When you have paid for a seat on the bus, tram, or train, that is when the fun begins. Will you have a look at that! Sure hope he does not notice my staring.
Waiting rooms have a knack for demonstrating the beauty of men, too. When it comes to public transport, I love waitingrooms. I hate waiting, but I love the scenery.
The other extreme: "I am glad I am not like them". Yep, a bunch of assholes. Insensitive, walking around as though they have all these privileges, they gawk their eyes out at women as though all women were some sort of private property of theirs. How come they even remotely think that a woman would like them and pay attention to them. Jerks, that is what they are: regular jerks. And then these women appear to like it! Would you believe it! Now, why on earth do women like jerks when there are sensitive and kind men like me around? By the way, I would feel awkward if she suddenly would get the hots on me and see me as a sex object. I don't like women who do that, and I don't like men who drool all over them too. I am glad I am not like them. Jerks, just sitting there at the bus stop. Wide-legged. Look at him, those thighs. How I love thighs, heavenly sent. I hope he does not notice my staring".
See any paradoxes there? The beauty of it.
Do not make up your mind. I know that this is contradictory to everything we are taught. In PP, making up your mind is like killing the goose that laid the golden eggs. By refusing to take a stance somewhere in the middle, you remain open-minded and as inquisitive as a 4-weeks-old kitten with its big eyes whose daily work it is to just take everything in.
In PP, we do not try to resolve the paradoxes, but we just leave them in place for they are the essence of human life. We can even come to admire them and give them points. Here is my shortlist:
Now, how the hell can less be more? In straight-forward or uni-dimensional psychology, less is less, and more is more. But less being more just doesn't make sense. Nope, it doesn't. Isn't it beautiful? I give it 9 points on a 10-point scale.
After a while, you get to like paradoxes. PP is extremely useful to explain incomprehensible stuff like religion. How about this one?
the Lord made mankind in His image. On the other hand, man is a sinner.
Now, how the hell can this make sense? In straight-forward thinking, this means that the Lord is a sinner because He said so himself. The Lord is sinning, and He asking us to worship Him. What a pile of baloney religion is! But in PP, we learn to tolerate the tension that the two opposites create in the mind, and we learn to accept paradoxes as a fact of life. I would give this paradox an 8.
Every child is confronted with paradoxes and learns to accept them and deal with them. It is only later in life that he gets to unlearn them. For example, Mom does not agree with a certain issue, but when the kid turns to Dad, he gets away with it. Mom becomes furious and retaliates at Dad. But the kid goes to his room, proud of the way he can handle the paradox of having two parents. I would give the paradox of dealing with your parents a 7. Uni-dimensional psychology would insist that these paradoxes are 'harmful' for the 'vulnerable' child in his formative years. But the kid is having a great time in spite of the uni-dimensional psychologists and their zealous concern for a straight-forward approach.
Gay affirmative therapists insist that you are either gay or straight, and never the twain shall meet. These people cannot bear the pressure of both things being alive and real in the same person at the same time. But this mind-frame, the co-existence of incompatible extremes forms the heart of PP. A therapist cannot guide you further than he or she has come himself. Therefore, a uni-dimensional approach will never be sufficient to cope with the paradoxes of persons who experience same-sex attractions but who are not inclined to leave their current life or drift away into the sect of a uni-dimensional "gay" label.
These GAT therapists can wave all the fancy flags they like, but they fail to convince the doubting mind. The doubting mind also lingers in the direction of heterosexual fantasies and refuses to take a stance. Rightfully so, we say in PP. Keep it up. Defy them. Stay true to the paradoxes of life and love.
In parts 30 to 42 of this 24-part series, we will dwell further into the world of paradoxes and reveal how the investigation of both extremes of each paradox leads to a new level. You can compare it to gaming, rising from level to level. The more you investigate levels 5 or 6, the less relevant or painful level 1 becomes. It just fades away in terms of importance, of pervasiveness, of mental torment. It doesn't disappear, but as they say: "old soldiers never die, they just fade away".
And that is why it is good therapy, because in the process, you have retained an important degree of open-mindedness. Just like a kitten, you still take everything in.
Job Berendsen, MD.
homosexualityparadox psychology
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zinsmeister
Dr. William Zinsmeister
wjzins@purdue.edu
Associated website(s): Geology and Geophysics
Ph.D.- University of California, Riverside
Paleontology, stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, biogeography, field geology.
EAS 115 Dinosaurs
EAS 151 OIL
EAS 473 Invertebrate Paleontology
Unal, E. and William J. Zinsmeister, Exotic biogenic structures from the Early Cambrian of the Marble Mountains, California. Geological Society America, Abstracts with Programs, 32(7):367 2005
2004 Scarabino, F., Martinez, S., Del Rio, C., Oleinik, A.E., Camacho, H.H. Zinsmeister, W.J. Two new species of Adeloomelon Dall, 1906 (Gastropod: Volutidae) from the Tertiary of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Paleontology, 78(5):014-919. 2004
Stilwell, J.D. Zinsmeister, W.J. and Oleinik, A.E. Early Paleocebe mollusks of Antarctica: Systematics, Paleoecology and paleobiogeographic significance. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 367:1-89. 2004
Zinsmeister, W.J., Seymour Island; a look at the world 10,000 km southof Chicxulub. American Paleontologist, 12(3), 8-9. 2004
Stephen, D.A. and Zinsmeister, W.J., Systematics of the late Cretaceous nautiloids of Antarctica. 6th International Symposium - Cephalopods - Past and Present, Fayetteville, AK 2004
Stilwell, J.D. and Zinsmeister, W.J., A new gastropod mollusc, Antarctissitys austrodema gen. et sp. nov., from the upper Maastrichtian of Antarctica and its evolutionary significance. Cretaceous Research, vol.24, no.2, pp. 111-118, April 2003.
Zinsmeister, William J. Mass mortalities and mass extinctions. Lathaia, 35:20-21. 2002
Stilwell, Jeffrey, D. and Zinsmeister, William J. A new large acteonid gastropod (Mollusca) from the latest Cretaceous. Journal of Paleontology, 76:369-378. 2002
Dutton, A. L., Lohmann, K.C. Zinsmeister, William J. Stable isotope and minor proxies for Eocene climate of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Paleoceonography, 10:593-601. 2002
Zinsmeister, William J. Short-term Maastrichtian biotic events on Seymour Island, Antarctica. In, Antarctica at the close of a millennium. Royal Society of New Zealand, Bulletin 35:287-292. 2002
Witham, S.A. Krockover, G.H., Ridgway, K.D., and Zinsmeister, William J. Lessons Online, educational technology for the undergraduate geology classroom, Journal of College Science Teaching, 32:264-269. 2002
Dutton, A.L. and Zinsmeister, W.J., Stable isotope and minor element proxies for eocene climate of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Paleoceanography, 17(2), 6.1-6.14. 2002
Stilwell, J.D. and Zinsmeister, W.J., A new gastropod mollusc, antarctissitys austrodema gen. et sp. nov., from the upper maastrichtian of Antarctica and its evolutionary significance. Cretaceous Research, 24(2), 111-118. 2002
Zinsmeister, W.J. in press, Stratigrapbic Plane Analysis, A technique for analysis of biostratigraphic ranges. Proceedings of Antarctic Geoscience Symposium, Wellington, New Zealand.
Zinsmeister, W. J. 2001. Late Maastrichtian Short-term Biotic Events on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula , Journal of Geology. Appeared March 2001, volume 109, no. 2, pp. 213-229.
Stilwell, J. D.,and Zinsmeister, W. J., 2000. Paleobiogeographic synthesis of the Eocene macrofauna from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, in Stilwell J. D., and Feldmann, R. M., eds., Paleobiology and Paleoenvironments of Eocene Rocks, McMurdo Sound, East Antarctica: American Geophysical Union Antarctic Research Series, v. 76. p. 365-372.
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Teeth Whitening Lafayette IN - Is Teeth Whitening For You?
Challgren Dentistry > FAQs > Teeth Whitening > Am I a good candidate for teeth whitening?
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Adam born 1972, Chad, born 1975, Julie, born 1979.
God has blessed me in so many ways! I'm loving being a grandma, especially with the time retirement allows. Also enjoy walking, hiking, camping, kayaking, reading, knitting and all crafts.
The whole town turning out for football games. I haven't seen anything like it anywhere else!
Jennifer Risley Mertz has a birthday today.


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Gays created by the devil says US Catholic Church Policy Advisor
"The bishops' marriage guy" says gays are created when Satan invading the wombs of mothers of LGBT children.
@randomirish
Gay Pride Belfast Google Images
The Boston Pilot, the nations oldest Catholic newspaper, published a column by a senior official suggesting the devil probably makes people gay.
In the column Daniel Avila, who is a Massachussetts attorney and (take a breath here) Policy Advisor for Marriage and Family of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops' Subcommittee (USCCB) for the Promotion and Defense of Marriage, bluntly says that 'the scientific evidence of how same-sex attraction most likely may be created provides a credible basis for a spiritual explanation that indicts the devil.'
So if you're gay the phrase "the devil made you do it" has a whole new meaning. We are all made in God's image (except for the gays, obviously).
Elucidating, Avila described homosexuality as a 'natural disaster' caused by Satan invading the wombs of mothers of LGBT children.
It happens all the time apparently.
In case you missed his point, or the implications, Avila spells it out for you: '…whenever natural causes disturb otherwise typical biological development, leading to the personally unchosen beginnings of same-sex attraction, the ultimate responsibility, on a theological level, is and should be imputed to the evil one, not God.'
God would never make anyone gay because if He did then the persecution of gay people (whom God created gay, after all) would be a sin. We simply can't have that. So gay people are the devil's work and you are free to oppress them in any and every way you can.
But telling a mother that the Devil entered her womb and made her child gay is new, even by Catholic standards. Until now we've just had to endure the idiotic sophistry that asked us to love the sinner but hate the sin (that pretzel theology that seeks to oppress whilst appearing compassionate).
But Avila, who calls himself 'the bishops' marriage guy,' has shown us the true face of the USCCB, who have refused to condemn his words. This is the man Americas Catholic bishops look to for advice about the LGBT community. He sounds deranged.
Avila's article caused a firestorm and it was eventually pulled with an apology from its publisher, The Boston Pilot. But you have to acknowledge that same source published it without objection in the first place.
Sometimes the mask slips and you get to see what those in positions of real authority actually think about gay people. This is what happened when Avila's article was published and the silence was deafening.
Originally published in 2011.
Related: US Politics, LGBT, Catholic


Buttery, brown sugary, tangy, and VERY tasty, this classic cake — with its moist, flavorful topping of pineapple rings and cherries — has been an American favorite for at least 80 years. It became popular way back in 1911, after a Dole engineer invented a machine that would slice that company's signature product — pineapple — into perfect rings. Note that this quick and easy cake doesn't even require a mixing bowl: just a saucepan, and a cake pan.
8 mins. to 15 mins.
43 mins. to 55 mins.
Preheat the oven to 350°F. Lightly grease a 9" cake pan with non-stick baking spray or shortening.
To make the sauce: In a medium (2- to 3-quart) saucepan, melt the butter and whisk in the brown sugar and pineapple juice until well blended.
Cook over low heat until the sugar is completely dissolved. Increase the heat and boil until the mixture thickens a little, and the temperature reaches 235°F to 240°F (soft-ball stage). Depending on pan size, this will take between 3 and 5 minutes. If you don't have a thermometer, drop a bit of the syrup into a glass of cold water; it will form a soft, flexible ball when it's reached the proper temperature.
Pour the sauce into the prepared pan. Set your saucepan aside; don't wash it, you'll be using it again.
Arrange the drained pineapple slices in the pan. Place a maraschino cherry into the middle of each pineapple slice, if desired. Set aside.
Place the butter for the cake into the saucepan. Swirl the butter around to melt it, and mix in any remaining sugar syrup; don't worry if it has some lumps.
Add the eggs one at a time, whisking well after each addition.
Add the flour and pineapple juice to the mixture. Whisk until fairly smooth.
Bake the cake for 35 to 40 minutes, until evenly browned and a cake tester inserted into the middle comes out clean.
Remove the cake from the oven, and cool it in the pan for 10 minutes. Run a spatula around the edges to loosen, and turn it out onto a serving plate. Serve warm, or at room temperature, with whipped cream or ice cream, if desired.
Yield: one 9" cake, 8 to 10 servings.
You can omit cooking the syrup to soft-ball stage, if you want; the sauce will be thinner and soak into the cake more, which is still a good result.
Don't have self-rising flour? Try our recipe for Pineapple Upside Down Cake using all-purpose flour.
This cake was simple to make and delicious to consume!
This was a delicious cake. Especially good while warm. Easy to make too, which is what I look for. I boiled the topping to soft ball consistency, but when I turned the cake over on the plate I had a lot of run off. Not sure why, maybe I should have boiled the topping a little longer. Anyway, it was very good. I think I'll add pecans to the next one and use diced pineapple and chopped cherries instead of sliced pineapple. I read about this on one of the other pineapple upside down cake recipes and it sounded good.


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Canada Needs To Stem The Tide Of 'Stolen' Aboriginal Children
Almost half of Canadian children in foster care are aboriginal, even though indigenous people make up less than five per cent of the population, according to the most recent statistics in the 2011 Census. What's particularly gut-wrenching is the majority of aboriginal children are placed in care, not because of parental abuse, but because their families are poor. Now it's time to invest in progressive initiatives, like the Circle of Care, that keep families together.
Robert Postma via Getty Images
Young First Nation girls sitting on a log, Vancouver Island, British Columbia
Wisps of white smoke from smoldering sweet grass and sage curl above a small group sitting in a circle. The soothing scent seeps into the cedar planks of this traditional First Nations sweat lodge nestled inside the sweeping modern glass and brick curves of an urban building in downtown Ottawa.
The Circle of Care program is where indigenous families come to prevent their children from being torn away from their homes. It's an initiative run by the Wabano Centre, which provides medical and mental health services for aboriginal people in eastern Ontario.
Almost half of Canadian children in foster care are aboriginal, even though indigenous people make up less than five per cent of the population, according to the most recent statistics in the 2011 Census.
What's particularly gut-wrenching is the majority of aboriginal children are placed in care, not because of parental abuse, but because their families are poor.
Problems like substandard housing conditions and nutrition lead to charges of neglect, say First Nations child advocate Cindy Blackstock, and Gina Metallic, coordinator of the Wabano Circle of Care program. Aboriginal groups estimate Canadian First Nations children spent more than 66 million nights apart from their families, in foster care or group home, from 1989 to 2012. It's a figure that leaves us unable to sleep.
So we applaud the recent Canadian Human Rights Tribunal ruling that states the Canadian government has discriminated against indigenous children. Canada has continued the cycle of harm and trauma caused by the residential schools. Now it's time to invest in progressive initiatives, like the Circle of Care, that keep families together.
In that program, families who've had -- or are risk of having -- their children taken away sit down in a circle with a child protection worker assigned to their case. A mediator helps both sides discuss the family's challenges, like addictions, and reach a common agreement on solutions that will allow the child to stay, or reunite, with their parents.
The initiative uses traditional practices to help families feel comfortable with the process. Parents can incorporate any rituals they wish, such as smudges, drumming, and the passing of a talking shell, or feather, to give everyone equal opportunity to speak. The family may also bring in tribal elders to advise them, or speak on their behalf.
Every time a child is ripped from their parents and home, their potential is diminished.
Circle of Care is also educating non-indigenous children's aid workers to the distinct needs and culture of aboriginal families. It's a model worth copying across the country given Circle of Care has surpassed provincially-set goals for successfully keeping families together.
Blackstock told us about another interesting solution in the U.S. that's worth considering. The Family Unification Program helps Native American families overcome poverty-related issues that threatened the welfare of their children. The successful pilot project allowed U.S. children's aid workers to give native families vouchers of up to $14,000 to pay for necessities, like housing upgrades, utility bills, or nutritious food.
The US$15-million project improved conditions enough that among 16,000 participating families, an incredible 90 per cent of those at risk of having a child taken were able to stay together. And where a child had already been placed in care, 62 per cent of families who took part in program were reunited. The program also has an impressive back pay, saving governments an estimated US$22 million.
We work with so many incredible young aboriginal people, and have witnessed the impact they have to be leaders and change makers in their communities. Every time a child is ripped from their parents and home, their potential is diminished. This doesn't have to continue. Canada can keep more indigenous families together and invest in solutions that empower our indigenous youth.
Brothers Craig and Marc Kielburger founded a platform for social change that includes the international charity, Free The Children, the social enterprise, Me to We, and the youth empowerment movement, We Day. Visit we.org for more information.
Photo gallery Residential Schools: A Photo History See Gallery
Residential Schools: A Photo History
MORE: aboriginal issues blog Free The Children indigenous people Local Issues me to we Politics poverty we day what's working


March has been a busy month around here. We've been lucky enough to have a great lineup of things for people to see and do around the area. Whether you've watched a bout of roller derby, cheered on a few runners, or shopped at the local Farmer's Market, we hope you've participated in shaking off the winter blahs and welcoming spring!
The DC Rollergirls had their season opener on February 24 this year against the Charlottesville Derby Dames. The National Maulers took the bout 272-251. Come out and support the team at their next home game on April 7 at the D.C. Amory.
The Atlantic 10 Men's Basketball Championship was held at the Capital One Arena from March 7-11. This was the first time Washington, DC had hosted this tournament and it was extremely successful. Salute to the Military Night took place on March 8 in which active and retired military members received free tickets to the game.The Armed Forces Color Guard presented prior to a U.S. Air Force vocalist singing the National Anthem. Halftime action was provided by the U.S. Army Drill Team and the Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps.
United Airlines Rock 'n' Roll Washington DC Marathon and Half Marathon Expo, a two-day health and fitness expo, returned to the DC Amory on March 8 and 9 for the sixth time. This free event was open to the public and provided information on the latest running technologies, fitness apparel, health and nutrition information, as well as interactive displays. The expo also served as the official race packet pick-up site.
The following day, we cheered on all the runners in the United Airlines Rock 'n' Roll Washington DC Marathon, Half Marathon and 5K. The Finish Line Festival at the RFK Stadium Festival Grounds – Lot 3 brought lots of cheering – for the runners and for the amazing musical acts!
America's largest St. Patrick's Day festival, ShamrockFest, was held at the RFK Stadium Festival Grounds on March 17. This year's event featured musical performances by top acts such as Sum41, Shaggy, and Less Than Jake. More than 9,000 Irish enthusiasts came out to celebrate the wearing o' the green.
Last, but certainly not least, don't forget that the DC Open-Air Farmers Market is open for business. The market runs on Saturdays from 7 a.m. until 4 p.m. Merchants are offering up all kinds of fresh fruits and veggies that are sure to make your day brighter. As a bonus, the market features a "double dollars" program for food stamp holders. Every food stamp dollar spent at the market is worth two dollars.


text:
Dorothea Fiedler é uma bióloga química e também a primeira diretora do Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (Instituto de Pesquisa de Farmacologia Molecular de Leibniz, FMP) em Berlim, Alemanha.

Infância e educação
Fiedler cresceu em Hamburgo. Ela estudou química inorgânica na Universidade de Würzburg, então realizou pesquisa de doutorado em química organometálica na Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley.

Pesquisa e carreira
Embora sua pesquisa de doutorado focalizasse a química organometálica incluindo sistemas hospedeiros e aplicações à catálise, Fiedler interessou-se pelas vias de transdução de sinal celular durante sua pesquisa de pós-doutorado na Universidade da Califórnia, São Francisco. Ela iniciou sua carreira independente como professora assistente na Universidade de Princeton em 2010. Sua pesquisa enfoca os papéis de síntese e sinalização dos fosfatos de inositol, em particular, aqueles com funcionalidade pirofosfato, que tem relevância para a sinalização celular e a biologia do câncer.

Em 2015, Fiedler tornou-se diretor do Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, além de professor de química na Universidade Humboldt de Berlim. Ela continua desenvolvendo seu foco de pesquisa nos papéis de síntese e sinalização de modificações de proteínas envolvendo pirofosfatos, bem como construindo colaborações em química biológica e catálise.

Financiamento, serviço e prêmios
Fiedler recebeu um Prêmio Novo Inovador, totalizando mais de 2 milhões de dólares do NIH em 2013. Ela também recebeu financiamento da Fundação Sidney Kimmel para pesquisa do câncer e da Fundação Rita Allen. Durante sua pesquisa de pós-doutorado, ela recebeu a bolsa de pós-doutorado da Fundação Ernst Schering, participou do Programa Fastrack da Fundação Robert Bosch e obteve o Prêmio NIH Path to Independence.

Fiedler foi uma oradora convidada na conferência da EMBO sobre bioquímica em 2016 e no Simpósio Internacional sobre Química Bio-orgânica em 2017.

Fiedler é uma das organizadoras locais do 42º Simpósio Nacional de Química Orgânica pela divisão orgânica da American Chemical Society em 2011.

Pessoas vivas
Alunos da Universidade de Würzburgo
Professores da Universidade Humboldt de Berlim
Professores da Universidade de Princeton
Cientistas da Alemanha do século XX
Cientistas da Alemanha do século XXI

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


(NASHVILLE, TN – April, 6, 2015) It's almost go time for the much anticipated return of the ARCA Racing Series presented by Menards and the Southern Super Series Late Models to Fairgrounds Speedway Nashville. The event is scheduled for this Saturday, April 11 at the historic facility.
The event is shaping up to be huge with in upwards of 30 ARCA cars entered for the Troop Aid 200 presented by Federated Auto Parts and Crosley Brands. Point leader, Grant Enfinger leads the charge, while Josh Williams, Thomas Praytor, Kyle Weatherman, Clay Greenfield, Brandon Jones, Bo LeMastus, Matt Tifft, Will Kimmel, Austin Wayne Self, Bobby Hamilton, Jr. and a host of others will try to knock him off his pedestal. It will be the third event of the season for the series and the first visit to the Fairgrounds since David Green took the checkered flag in 1992.
The Southern Super Series Federated Auto Parts 100 presented by Crosley Brands and Crane Cams should also be outstanding. It is the only Super Late Model event scheduled at the track this season and some big names are coming out to take the guitar. Last year's All American 400 winner and Snowball Derby champion, John Hunter Nemechek leads the list of competitors for the 100 lap grind. 2001 AA400 winner, Chuck Barnes, Jr. has also entered the event along with the likes of Bubba Pollard, Donnie Wilson, Casey Roderick, Harrison Burton, Anderson Bowen, Casey Smith, Augie Grill, Kyle Grisson, Daniel Hemric, and a number of others.
Practice gets underway on Saturday, April 11 at 11:30, with qualifying at 3:15, and racing at 6:00 PM. Advance reserved seating is $25 for adults and $15 for kids 5-12. Advance reserved seating is being sold for the top eight rows and is available by calling Track Enterprises at 217-764-3200.
In addition, the first 500 retired or active military with proper military identification will get a free grandstand pass for themselves and one family member.
The event is a combined effort between Track Enterprises, Fairgrounds Speedway Nashville, The Fairgrounds Nashville, and So Good! Entertainment.
More information can be found at www.trackenterprises.com or www.fairgroundsspeedwaynashville.com.


srcvinyl is launching a HIFI vinyl EP series from up and coming artists handpicked by the srcvinyl crew. The EP series releases will receive a full audiophile treatment through the use of high quality sources and vinyl mastering by world renowned engineers. The EPs will be pressed on audiophile vinyl at RTI. "Artists put a lot of heart, and soul into their albums. We at srcvinyl are excited to offer up and coming artist the ability to showcase their music through a true audiophile pressing." Danny, srcvinyl.
The first in the series is 'Dazed', the latest EP from LA indie trio Teenage Wrist. 'Dazed' is available for purchase now.
The collaborative side-project of Marshall Gallagher (Swing Hero), Kamtin Mohager (Chain Gang Of 1974), and Anthony Salazar, Teenage Wrist deliver a unique sound leaving listeners dreaming of the 90s.
Teenage Wrist have attracted substantial fan attention for their two single releases "Slide Away" and "Afterglow", receiving press accolades from such outlets as Wild Magazine and Culture Collide.
The EP promises psych-tinged guitars and spacious production that will undoubtedly reflect the success of its band members' solo projects.


text:
HomeBlog Israeli Court 'Validates' Palestinian Home Demolitions
Israeli Court 'Validates' Palestinian Home Demolitions
February 6, 2019 Blog, News
In addition to IDs revocations, Israel adopts a policy of house demolitions. (Photo: ActiveStills.org)
Israel's top court enables and validates the disposition of Palestinians and the demolition of their homes in the occupied West Bank, a new report has found.
According to the report, which was released on Wednesday by Israeli rights group B'tselem, Israel's Supreme Court has been enabling the state to continue implementing illegal policies while ignoring the defects in Israel's "planning policy" in the West Bank.
'The new report from B'Tselem בצלם, "Fake Justice: The Responsibility Israel's High Court Justices Bear for the Demolition of Palestinian Homes and the Dispossession of Palestinians" shows how Israel's Supreme… https://t.co/5skCzOw7xC
— SNPFoP (@SNPFoP) February 6, 2019
The report, "Fake Justice", details how the state's policy minimizes Palestinian construction and aims to expand the building of illegal Jewish settlements.
B'Tselem said:
"When faced with no other option, Palestinians are forced to build without permits, the structures are deemed 'unlawful' and Israel issues demolition orders."
Israel's Supreme Court approves pre-conviction punitive house demolition https://t.co/dMSEh9yC0Q
— Middle East Monitor (@MiddleEastMnt) December 3, 2018
The report is based on careful examination of hundreds of Supreme Court cases, judgments, and decisions regarding the demolition of Palestinian homes in the West Bank.
According to B'Tselem, in none of these cases did the judges accept the arguments of the Palestinian petitioners who attempted to overturn demolition orders.
B'Tselem figures from 2006 through to 2018 reveal Israel demolished at least 1,401 Palestinian residential units in the West Bank alone, leaving more than 6,000 people without a home.
(AJE, PC, Social Media)
House Demolitions
Israeli Ambassador to UN: International Forces in Hebron are 'Hostile'
Israel's Likud Primary: Netanyahu Rival Places High
UN Third Committee Approves Resolution Affirming Right of Palestinians to Self-Determination
November 18, 2022 Blog, News
The Third Committee of the UN General Assembly has adopted a resolution affirming the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination by an overwhelming majority, the official Palestinian news agency WAFA reported. 167 countries voted […]
Abbas Calls for Dissolving Palestinian Parliament
Without reaching a reconciliation with the Palestinian factions, Palestinian Authority (PA) President Mahmoud Abbas yesterday called for the Palestinian parliament to be dissolved. During a meeting of Fatah's Revolutionary Council in Ramallah, Abbas issued a […]
Anthony Bourdain, Friend of Palestine, Dies in France (VIDEO)
June 8, 2018 Articles, Blog, Features, News, Videos
Highly-acclaimed food critic and travel writer Anthony Bourdain has died aged 61, ending a lifetime devoted to food and promoting cuisines from across the world, including those from the Middle East. Deeply saddened by tragic […]


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Shelter Island Slipcovered Sofa has classic style, clean lines, washable slipcovers for easy care, affordable and quick delivery. Eco-friendly fabrics of denim, cotton, linen & hemp. Colors in Natural, White, Bleached White, Cloud, Khaki, Butter, Blue, Navy, Coral, Brown, Red, Sage, Yellow, Green, Stripes. Free fabric swatches upon request.


text:
import os.path   as     op
import logging   as     log
from   pathlib   import Path

import numpy     as     np
import numpy.ma  as     ma
from   PIL       import Image

def read_images(img_paths):
    """Generator function to read images from a list of image paths"""
    for img_path in img_paths:
        yield read_img(img_path)

def filter_color_pixels(images):
    for img in images:
        yield remove_gray_pixels(img)

def resize_images(images, new_shape, resample=Image.LANCZOS):
    for img in images:
        yield img.resize(new_shape, resample=resample)

def PIL2array(img):
    ndims = 3
    if img.mode == 'RGBA':
        ndims = 4

    return np.array(img.getdata(),
                    np.uint8).reshape(img.size[1], img.size[0], ndims)

def array2PIL(arr, size, mode='RGBA'):
    """Transform `arr` into a PIL.Image

    Parameters
    ----------
    arr: numpy.ndarray

    size:

    Returns
    -------
    image: PIL.Image
    """
    #mode = 'RGBA'
    arr = arr.reshape(arr.shape[0]*arr.shape[1], arr.shape[2])
    if len(arr[0]) == 3:
        arr = np.c_[arr, 255*np.ones((len(arr),1), np.uint8)]
    return Image.frombuffer(mode, size, arr.tostring(), 'raw', mode, 0, 1)

def get_color_pixels_mask(img):
    """Return a 2D matrix indicating which pixels have color, i.e., are not gray.

    Parameters
    ----------
    img: PIL.Image.Image or numpy.ndarray
        3D matrix, where the 3rd dimension is color space.

    Returns
    -------
    has_color: numpy.ndarray
        2D boolean matrix
    """
    if isinstance(img, Image.Image):
        imgarr = np.array(img)
    elif isinstance(img, np.ndarray):
        imgarr = img # not copying because it is only going to be read
    else:
        raise TypeError('`img` was expected to be a PIL.Image or a numpy.ndarray, got a {}.'.format(type(img)))

    if imgarr.ndim != 3:
        raise ValueError('`img` was expected to have 3 dimensions, it has {}.'.format(img.ndim))

    has_color = np.zeros(imgarr.shape[:2], dtype=bool)
    for x, y in np.ndindex(imgarr.shape[:2]):
        if not all_equal(imgarr[x, y]):
            has_color[x, y] = 1

    return has_color

def all_equal(arr):
    """Return True if all the elements in `arr` are the same."""
    return np.all(arr == arr[0])

def apply_mask_to_color_image(img, mask):
    """Return an object type(img) masked by mask.

    Parameters
    ----------
    img: PIL.Image.Image or numpy.ndarray
        3D matrix, where the 3rd dimension is color space.

    mask: numpy.ndarray
        2D matrix
        Must have the same 2D shape as img.shape[:2].
        Will be transformed to a boolean matrix in case it is not.

    Returns
    -------
    masked_img: PIL.Image.Image or numpy.ndarray
        Of the same type as img
    """
    if isinstance(img, Image.Image):
        img_shape = img.size
    elif isinstance(img, np.ndarray):
        img_shape = img.shape
    else:
        raise TypeError('`img` was expected to be a PIL.Image or a numpy.ndarray, got a {}.'.format(type(img)))

    if not isinstance(mask, np.ndarray):
        raise TypeError('`mask` was expected to be a numpy.ndarray, got a {}.'.format(type(mask)))

    if len(img_shape) != 3:
        raise ValueError('`img` was expected to have 3 dimensions, its shape is {}.'.format(img_shape))

    if img_shape[:2] != mask.shape:
        raise ValueError('`img` and `mask` should have the same 2D shape, '
                         'but one is {} and the other {}.'.format(img_shape[:2], mask.shape))

    return_image = False
    if isinstance(img, Image.Image):
        return_image = True
        imgarr = np.array(img)
    elif isinstance(img, np.ndarray):
        imgarr = img

    if mask.dtype != bool:
        msk = mask.astype(bool)
    else:
        msk = mask

    for i in range(imgarr.shape[-1]):
        imgarr[:, :, i] *= msk

    if return_image:
        return array2PIL(imgarr, imgarr.shape)
    else:
        return imgarr

def repeat_mask(mask, repeats):
    """
    Parameters
    ----------
    mask: numpy.ndarray

    repeats : int
        The number of repetitions for the mask in a new dimension of theimport numpy.ma           as     mask.

    Returns
    -------
    remask: numpy.ndarray
        An array with one dimension more than mask, with the repeated mask.
    """
    remask = mask[:, :, np.newaxis]
    return np.repeat(remask, repeats, axis=mask.ndim)

def apply_mask_to_ndarray(arr, mask):
    """Return an object type(img) masked by mask.

    Parameters
    ----------
    arr: numpy.ndarray
        the data array to be masked.

    mask: numpy.ndarray
        the mask array
        Must have the same or one dimension less than `arr`.
        Will be transformed to a boolean matrix in case it is not.

    Returns
    -------
    masked_arr: numpy.ndarray
    """
    if not isinstance(arr, np.ndarray):
        raise TypeError('`arr` was expected to be a numpy.ndarray, got a {}.'.format(type(img)))

    if not isinstance(mask, np.ndarray):
        raise TypeError('`mask` was expected to be a numpy.ndarray, got a {}.'.format(type(mask)))

    mask_dims = mask.ndim
    if arr.ndim != mask.ndim and arr.ndim != mask.ndim + 1:
        raise TypeError('`arr` should have the same or 1 more dimension than `mask`, '
                        'got {} and {}.'.format(arr.ndim, mask.ndim))

    if arr.shape != mask.shape and arr.shape[:mask_dims] != mask.shape:
        raise ValueError('`img` and `mask` should have the similar shapes, '
                         'but one is {} and the other {}.'.format(arr.shape[:mask_dims], mask.shape))

    if mask.dtype != bool:
        msk = mask.astype(bool)
    else:
        msk = mask

    masked_arr = arr.copy()

    # repeat mask to exactly fit the arr shape, if not already
    if arr.shape != msk.shape:
        msk = repeat_mask(mask, arr.shape[-1])

    masked_arr *= msk

    return masked_arr

def read_img(img):
    """
    Parameters
    ----------
    img: str or pathlib.Path or PIL.Image.Image or numpy.ndarray

    Returns
    -------
    img: PIL.Image.Image
        The image object
    """
    if isinstance(img, str) or isinstance(img, Path):
        if isinstance(img, Path):
            imgpath = str(img)
        else:
            imgpath = img

        if not op.exists(imgpath):
            raise IOError('Could not find image file {}.'.format(imgpath))

        aimg = Image.open(imgpath)

    elif isinstance(img, np.ndarray):
        aimg = array2PIL(img, img.shape[:2])

    elif isinstance(img, Image.Image):
        aimg = img

    return aimg

def remove_gray_pixels(img):
    """Remove the gray pixels from img, returning an image with only the colored ones.

    Parameters
    ----------
    img: str or PIL.Image.Image or numpy.ndarray

    Returns
    -------
    color_pixels: PIL.Image.Image
        The image with only colored pixels.
    """
    imgarr       = PIL2array(read_img(img))
    color_mask   = get_color_pixels_mask(imgarr)
    color_pixels = apply_mask_to_color_image(imgarr, color_mask)
    return read_img(color_pixels)

def stack_images(img_paths, vol_shape, resample=Image.LANCZOS):
    """Stack together the images in `img_paths` to create a volume with shape `vol_shape`.
    If needed, each image will be resized to fit the volume grid size.
    If the images have color, a 4D volume will be created where the 4th dimension is the color space.

    Parameters
    ----------
    img_paths: list of str or pathlib.Paths or numpy.ndarray

    Returns
    -------
    stack_vol: numpy.ndarray
    """
    if not img_paths:
        raise ValueError('The `img_paths` parameter is empty.')

    # an RGB volume
    trid_shape = tuple(list(vol_shape) + [3])
    trid_vol   = np.zeros(trid_shape, np.uint8)

    for idx, img_path in enumerate(img_paths):
        log.debug('Loading image file {}.'.format(img_path))
        try:
            cimg = remove_gray_pixels(img_path).resize(trid_shape[:2])
            cimg_arr = PIL2array(cimg)[:, :, :3]
        except:
            raise RuntimeError('Error processing file {}.'.format(img_path))
        else:
            trid_vol[:, :, idx, :] = cimg_arr

    return trid_vol

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Erratic Crusade of the INCB
Tom Blickman
TNI Drug Policy Briefing Nr. 4
In the Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2002 that was released on February 26, the president of the Board, Dr. Philip O. Emafo from Nigeria, launches a strong attack against groups that advocate legalisation or decriminalisation of drug offences, as well as groups "that favour a crusade" focusing only on harm reduction. Mr. Emafo's attack reflects how out of touch the president of the INCB is with current developments in international drug control. If anyone is involved in a "crusade' with "missionary zeal', it is Mr. Emafo himself, trying to turn back accepted best practices in countering the adverse effects of problematic drug use. Mr. Emafo gives a completely distorted picture of the political acceptance of the harm reduction concept.
Download the briefing (PDF)
Who are these harm reduction 'crusaders' Mr. Emafo talks about? The effectiveness of harm reduction strategies is not only recognized at European Union level –on the basis of the studies undertaken by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug-Addiction (EMCDDA)– but even at the UN level. Mr. Emafo is probably unaware of, or does not agree with, recent UN resolutions and accepted guidelines. The Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS adopted at the General Assembly 26th Special Session on HIV/AIDS in June 2001, specifically calls on nations to ensure, by 2005, expanded access to clean needles and to promote "harm reduction efforts related to drug use" (1) to counter the global AIDS drama. Moreover, in the Action Plan adopted in 1999 to implement the UNGASS Guiding Principles on Demand Reduction, countries committed themselves to offer "the full spectrum of services, including reducing the adverse health and social consequences of drug abuse." (2)
Harm Reduction gaining ground
So far the UN drug control machinery –the Commission on Narcotics Drugs (CND), the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the INCB– have consistently rejected the use of these terms as part of the policy debate. Avoiding an open discussion about the harm reduction concept at the level of is by now impossible and irresponsible, despite Mr. Emafo's attempt to demonise it. Instead of trying to turn back the clock, Mr. Emafo should listen to the Greek Foreign Minister George Papandreou – another example of what Mr. Emafo would consider a 'crusader'. Papandreou argued that "all EU member states have ratified the UN treaties on the fight against drugs, but in everyday life countries deviate from the precepts contained therein. Deviations that are dictated by the requirements of practical policy." Papandreou clearly argues for adjusting the UN Drug Conventions to the existing pragmatism, not the other way around.
In the United Kingdom, the House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee in its report 'The Government's Drugs Policy: Is It Working?' recommended "that a target is added to the National Strategy explicitly aimed at harm reduction and public health." Summarising the report, the chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee Chris Mullin, said that the Committee basically said no to legalisation and yes to a rational drugs policy based on harm reduction, opposing zero-tolerance prohibitionism. "Attempts to combat illegal drugs by means of law enforcement have proved so manifestly unsuccessful that it is difficult to argue for the status quo", Mullin said. The Committee recommended that the UK Government should look carefully at harm reduction drug policies that have gained ground in The Netherlands and Switzerland (for instance, safe injecting houses for heroin users and heroin prescriptions for addicts).
Realising the tensions with the UN Drug Conventions, the Committee said "...we believe the time has come for the international treaties to be reconsidered" and recommended that "...the Government initiates a discussion within the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of alternative ways –including the possibility of legalisation and regulation– to tackle the global drugs dilemma." In Canada, the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs, in an exhaustive and comprehensive two-year study of public policy related to cannabis, found that the drug should be decriminalised by introducing a criminal exemption and regulatory scheme for the production, possession and distribution of cannabis. The 600-plus page Senate report was a result of rigorous research, analysis and extensive public hearings in Ottawa and communities throughout Canada with experts and citizens. The Committee also recommended that the Government of Canada should request an amendment to the conventions and treaties governing illegal drugs.
In Switzerland, the government is revising its drug policy and considering a similar legislation as proposed by the Committee in Canada, regulating cannabis production, possession and use. In Jamaica, the National Commission of Ganja, after a period of exhaustive consultation and inquiry, involving some four hundred persons from all walks of life, including professional and influential leaders of society, is recommending the decriminalisation of cannabis for personal, private use by adults and for use as a sacrament for religious purposes. To dismiss all these well-researched and carefully studied recommendations as a 'crusade with missionary zeal' is simply ridiculous.
The INCB is fully aware of the growing tension between theory and practice, but in its report simply refuses to consider the sound arguments made and tries to pressure governments to adjust their practice to the letter and spirit of the Conventions as interpreted by the Board. In so doing the INCB is rapidly losing its credibility and independent status as an expert committee that should try to address legitimate concerns about the current failures of international drug control. In fact, because of its political stands the Board is putting in jeopardy its stature of an impartial advisory body, which could play a role in the much-needed reform of the UN drug system and the current Conventions.
The role of the INCB
The INCB has a pivotal position in the United Nations drug control system. Over the years, this body of independent experts has assumed a political role maintaining a very strict interpretation of the UN Drug Conventions and regularly passing judgements on sovereign states whose policies take a slightly different direction, prompting the Board to exercise pressure to get them back in line. The INCB has taken advantage of the lack of political guidance on international drug control that formally lies with the member states in the Commission of Narcotic Drugs (CND). The Board has overstepped its role as the watchdog of the UN Conventions, commenting on matters that are clearly lie within the competence of national governments. Instead of putting the INCB in its place, member states each year fear the next annual report and keep a low profile when the Board criticises them.
The Board, in co-operation with Governments, and subject to the terms of the Conventions, "shall endeavour to limit the cultivation, production, manufacture and use of drugs to an adequate amount required for medical and scientific purposes, to ensure their availability for such purposes and to prevent illicit cultivation, production and manufacture of, and illicit trafficking in and use of, drugs" (3). The main role of the INCB is to ensure that the licit supply of controlled drugs matches the required demand through a system of individual governments estimating their need for these drugs for 'scientific and medical' purposes on an annual basis, and the Board authorising the growing of the plants in particular countries to supply this need. Supply is regulated in order to prevent overproduction of drugs and their diversion onto the illegal market.
While the Board stresses the limitations the Conventions impose on states on the one hand, it ignores the limitations in the Conventions as regards interference with the sovereignty and autonomy of member states in constructing national drug policy. A clear example is the issue of personal consumption and possession of controlled drugs. The INCB in its annual reports deliberately confuses the issues of possession and use and lectures governments that decriminalize use and possession for use within their legal system repeatedly each year. On the use of drugs as defined by the Single Convention of 1961, states are required "to take steps to limit [drug use] exclusively to medical and scientific purposes." States are not required to prohibit or 'not permit' use of these drugs and are not required to establish sanctions or punishments, criminal or otherwise, for use of these drugs. The Commentary of the 1988 Convention leaves no doubt on this issue: "It will be noted that, as with the 1961 and 1971 Conventions, paragraph 2 does not require drug consumption as such to be established as a punishable offence." (4).
While the Conventions do not call for use of illicit drugs to be considered an offence, the 1988 Convention –as a step towards tackling international drug trafficking– does identify possession for personal use to be regarded as such by member states, but this obligation is "subject to its constitutional principles and the basic concepts of its legal system." The Board is misinterpreting the Conventions and oversteps its mandate when it tries to influence or control the internal policies of governments as regards the use of controlled drugs, particularly when a government takes a different view from the Board, or individual Board members, in matters of public health policy, crime prevention, clinical practice or reduction of demand for illicit drugs. The Board frequently condems the policies of sovereign states in these areas, even when it is unqualified to comment. The Conventions require that the drugs under international control must only be used for 'medical and scientific purposes'. But the Conventions do not define what is meant by these terms. What is, or is not, legitimate medical practice is neither defined by international treaties nor agreed upon across the worldwide medical profession. To take a stand on this issue is to take a political stand.
Another hot issue is the medical use of cannabis. If a government is convinced of the medical value of cannabis it has every right under the Conventions to authorise its use for 'medical and scientific purposes', provided it takes care that cannabis for medical use is not diverted for illicit purposes. Nonetheless, the Board opposes the authorisation of medical use of cannabis and calls on governments "not to allow its medical use unless conclusive results of research are available indicating its medical usefulness." It is not up to the Board to decide whether scientific results are 'conclusive' nor whether cannabis has medical usefulness. It is neither within their mandate nor their competence. The argument of conclusive results of research is also used in an inconsistent and unbalanced way. In its 2002 report the Board says "recent research indicates that the abuse of MDMA (Ecstasy) may cause irreversible brain damage." (5) The scientific research the Board is referring to is highly controversial, and by no means conclusive (6). While demanding 'conclusive results' in order to allow the medical use of cannabis, the Board urges governments to use controversial and very inconclusive results of scientific research as information in their prevention campaigns towards its citizens.
The Board abuses results of research at will. Repeatedly, the Board chooses to quote scientific research only when it serves the Board's purpose to push for strict adherence to the Conventions as defined by the Board itself. Another example is the opposition of the Board to harm reduction measures such as needle-exchange programmes to try to counter the spread of HIV/AIDS, the medical prescription of heroin or allowing for user rooms, which according to the Board are against "sound medical practice" without explaining the basis for such an assumption. In this case, the Board not only oversteps its mandate, but furthermore is in clear contravention of more recent UN resolutions and accepted guidelines countering the spread of HIV/AIDS and demand reduction.
Recognizing Harm Reduction as an effective policy
Instead of trying to deny the growing tension with the Conventions, member states that have recognised harm reduction as an effective policy, should use that tension as the main argument to defend the need for a modification of the treaties. Countries should become more assertive about their achievements in practice and demand adjustments of the global legal framework that enable them to continue on the path they have democratically chosen for at national and local levels. Harm reduction –or risk reduction– as a concept and policy objective should become a normal and accepted part of the debate on the UN level. Where the INCB identifies tensions with the conventions, modifications of the treaties should be adopted to solve ambiguities, prevent legal inconsistencies and to facilitate implementation and further experimentation with pragmatic approaches that have proven to be effective in terms of reducing drug-related harms to users and to society at large.
Member states can simply refer to principles already recommended by an Expert Committee of the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 1992 that states that the "primary goal of national demand reduction programmes should be to minimize the harm associated with the use of alcohol, tobacco and other psychoactive drugs."(7) That must sound familiar to Mr. Emafo, as he was one of the members of this Expert Committee. At the upcoming mid-term review of the 1998 United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Drugs (UNGASS) in April 2003, member states should use the opportunity to have the harm reduction approach accepted as a legitimate policy alternative. The European Union Strategy on Drugs (2000-2004) states one of its targets as being to "reduce substantially over five years the incidence of drug-related health damage (HIV, hepatitis B and C, TBC, etc.) and the number of drug-related deaths." That sounds a lot more realistic than the target of "eliminating or significantly reducing the illicit cultivation of the coca bush, the cannabis plant and the opium poppy in 2008" that was adopted at the 1998 UNGASS.
1. A/RES/S-26/2. Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS. General Assembly 26th Special Session on HIV/AIDS, June 2001; article 52.
2. A/RES/54/132. Action Plan for the Implementation of the Declaration on the Guiding Principles of Drug Demand Reduction, annex to resolution, General Assembly 2 February 2000.
3. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, as Amended by the 1972 Protocol Amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, Article 9, par. 4.
4. Commentary on the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Done at Vienna on 20 December 1988, New York: United Nations, 1998. E/CN.7/590: par. 3.95 (p.82).
5. Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2002, New York: United Nations, 2003, par. 477 (p.67).
6. See for instance: On Ecstasy, Consensus Is Elusive, The Washington Post, September 30, 2002.
7. World Health Organization, WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence: Twenty-eighth Report, Geneva: WHO Technical Report No. 836, 1993, p. 35-36.
sacramental use | european drug policy | canada | WHO | HIV/AIDS | switzerland | INCB | harm reduction


This article is a review of the various plays during the summer theater season in New York. The reviewer discusses changes in players in Laura Keene's company, as well as at the New Metropolitan. A new tragedy is mentioned as well as a new opera and a few remarks are made to the experience of sitting in a crowded theater in New York City in August.
This article refers to a Jefferson who recently left Laura Keene's company.


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12 Nov October 2016 Bestsellers
Posted at 05:22h in Bestsellers, Blog	by	gerakadmin 0 Comments
OCTOBER BESTSELLERS. We're a little late with this, so let's get straight down to business with the bestsellers for October. As always there's a mixture of the new and the familiar. It's surely interesting that the top three titles all engage with the historical and social dynamics at play in the country (and region). Top of the pops is the collection of essays, The End of UMNO? edited by Bridget Welsh (SIRD), which contains a particularly fine piece by the estimable Clive Kessler on Malaysia's dominant political party. The runner-up is the memoir of the much-missed Benedict Anderson, A Life beyond Boundaries (SIRD), a beautifully written reflection on not being the frog under the coconut shell. And rounding off the podium is the new edition of Anthony Milner's classic Kerajaan (SIRD); for those who are interested, we are hosting Tony Milner at a forum in Penang this Saturday. Tan Yeow Wooi's excellent Penang Shophouses: A Handbook of Features and Materials (Tan Yeow Wooi Culture & Heritage Research Studio), a state-of-the-art introduction for George Town's iconic built form, keeps selling well, as does Mike Gibby's splendid new book, Street Art: Penang Style (Entrepot Publishing), offering a beautifully illustrated guide to the work of the muralists of George Town and beyond. And what more is there to say about Rehman Rashid's exemplary volume, Peninsula (Fergana Art), which seems to have as much stamina as the author on one of his legendary bike rides. Tan Twan Eng's The Gift of Rain (Myrmidon Books) is the gift that keeps giving, and whets the appetite for the promised new novel. The Oil Palm Complex, a hard-hitting collection of essays edited by Rob Cramb and John F. McCarthy (NUS Press) continues to find new readers. The final two titles are linked by the fascination for the culture of the Peranakan communities: Felix Chia's The Babas (Landmark Books) offers the only decent history of the subject, while Nonya Flavours: A Complete Guide to Penang Straits Chinese Cuisine by Julie Wong (Star Publications) is a cut above the run-of-the-mill foodie books, and capture many familiar and many almost forgotten recipes of this distinctive creole cuisine. Here's the full list:
1 Bridget Walsh (ed.), The End of UMNO? Essays on Malaysia's Dominant Party (SIRD)
2 Benedict Anderson, A Life beyond Boundaries (SIRD)
3 Anthony Milner, Kerajaan: Malay Political Culture on the Eve of Colonial Rule (SIRD)
4 Tan Yeow Wooi, Penang Shophouses: A Handbook of Features and Materials (Tan Yeow Wooi Culture & Heritage Research Studio)
5 Rehman Rashid, Peninsula (Fergana Art)
6 Mike Gibby, Street Art: Penang Style (Entrepot Publishing)
7 Tan Twan Eng, The Gift of Rain (Myrmidon Books)
8 Rob Cramb and John F. McCarthy (eds), The Oil Palm Complex (NUS Press)
9 Julie Wong, Nonya Flavours: A Complete Guide to Penang Straits Chinese Cuisine (Star Publications)
10 Felix Chia, The Babas (Landmark Books)
Charis Loke
…And Goings
"He Belongs in Jail"
2014 Bestsellers
April 2017 Bestsellers
Baba Narratives
Banana Punk Rawk Trails
Bestsellers: April 2016


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New Lyric 'Rheingold' filled with imaginative flourishes
Norse god Wotan (American bass-baritone Eric Owens) tries to wrangle out of a contract with the giant builders of Valhalla in the Lyric Opera Chicago's new production of Richard Wagner's "Das Rheingold." Courtesy of Todd Rosenberg Photography
The dwarf Alberich (South Korean bass-baritone Samuel Youn) renounces love in order to steal the Rhinemaidens' all-powerful gold in the Lyric Opera of Chicago's new production of Richard Wagner's "Das Rheingold." Courtesy of Todd Rosenberg Photography
The dwarf Alberich (South Korean bass-baritone Samuel Youn, left) enslaves his brother, Mime (Rodell Rosel, on floor), and the other Nibelung dwarfs in the Lyric Opera of Chicago's new production of Richard Wagner's "Das Rheingold." Courtesy of Todd Rosenberg Photography
The enslaved Nibelung dwarfs are forced to mine and manufacture gold underground in director David Pountney's new production of Richard Wagner's "Das Rheingold" for the Lyric Opera of Chicago. Courtesy of Todd Rosenberg Photography
The earth goddess Erda (German mezzo-soprano Okka von der Damerau) is summoned by the three Norns to warn Wotan (American bass-baritone Eric Owens) about Alberich's curse on the stolen ring in the Lyric Opera Chicago's new production of Richard Wagner's "Das Rheingold." Courtesy of Todd Rosenberg Photography
Scott C. Morgan
Follow @ScottCMorgan
Updated 10/4/2016 6:03 AM
The Lyric Opera of Chicago opened its 62nd season Saturday with a new production of "Das Rheingold." But it's essentially a preview.
"Das Rheingold" is the first of four interlinked operas in "Der Ring des Nibelungen," Richard Wagner's 1876 epic inspired by Norse mythology. Other Ring Cycle operas "Die Walküre," "Siegfried" and "Götterdämmerung" will debut piecemeal in subsequent seasons.
Audiences will have to wait until 2020 to see British director David Pountney's full "Ring" realization when the Lyric stages three complete cycles. But things are off to an assured and ambitious start with "Das Rheingold."
Pountney's overall concept is an imaginative love letter to the illusions and inner workings of a 19th-century theater. Working in tandem with set designers Johan Engels and Robert Innes Hopkins, Pountney creates a backstage framework where stage "magic" is revealed in full view.
The imagery is dazzling from the start as three seen-it-all seamstress "Norns" conjure a giant blue sheet to unfurl out of a Mary Poppins-style carpetbag to represent the mighty Rhine River. Then a trio of playful and posh Rhinemaidens (Diana Newman, Annie Rosen and Lindsay Ammann) bob and swirl "underwater" thanks to crane contraptions that look like they were patented in the 1880s.
The giants Fafner (Tobias Kehrer, with cap in left tower) and Fasolt (Wilhelm Schwinghammer) demand payment for building the fortress Valhalla from the gods Fricka (Tanja Ariane Baumgartner, left on stage floor), Freia (Laura Wilde, in white) and Wotan (Eric Owens) in director David Pountney's new production of Richard Wagner's "Das Rheingold" for the Lyric Opera Chicago. - Courtesy of Todd Rosenberg Photography
Pountney's storytelling is swift and straightforward as we watch devious dwarfs, aggrieved giants and haughty gods all try to out-scheme each other to gain control of fortune and an all-powerful magic ring that also carries a deadly curse. "Das Rheingold" also revels with its high-tech elements like Fabrice Kebour's color-saturated lighting design, though the instantly inflatable dragon was more laughable than scary.
Not everyone will understand Pountney's notion of making the Norse gods into traveling circus and vaudeville players longing for a permanent home. But Pountney gets across how out-of-date the gods are, since these self-important tragedians sport finery that would have been fashionable in previous centuries (a big credit to the detailed and elaborate work of costume designer Marie-Jeanne Lecca).
There isn't a weak link in the ensemble, which is full of powerhouse vocalists who are also masters of characterization. As the king of the gods, American bass-baritone Eric Owens makes for a majestic Wotan who is too easily manipulated by the trickster fire god Loge (the suave Slovakian tenor Štefan Margita).
The Rhinemaiden sisters Wellgunde (Annie Rosen, left), Woglinde (Diana Newman, center) and Flosshilde (Lindsay Ammann) unwisely tell the dwarf Alberich (Samuel Youn, on stage floor) about the powers contained within the gold they guard in the Lyric Opera of Chicago's new production of Richard Wagner's "Das Rheingold." - Courtesy of Todd Rosenberg Photography
As the thieving dwarf Alberich, South Korean bass-baritone Samuel Youn makes an auspicious Lyric debut. A hearty contingent of outstanding German singers are also new to Chicago, including Tanja Ariane Baumgartner as Fricka, Wilhelm Schwinghammer and Tobias Kehrer as the giants Fasolt and Fafner and Okka von der Damerau as the earth spirt Erda.
Sir Andrew Davis fleetly conducted the Lyric Opera Orchestra, with only a couple instances of Wagner's thick orchestrations overpowering the singers.
The ultimate unveiling of the gods' Valhalla fortress in the finale unashamedly panders to Chicago civic pride. But if the next three operas are equally staged with brilliance and panache as "Das Rheingold," there will be plenty to be proud about with the Windy City's new Ring Cycle.
"Das Rheingold"
Location: Lyric Opera of Chicago, 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago, (312) 827-5600, lyricopera.org
Showtimes: 7:30 p.m. Oct. 5, 13 and 22; 2 p.m. Oct. 9 and 16
Tickets: $20-$299; Sung in German with projected English translations
Parking: Area pay garages and limited metered street parking
Rating: For general audiences
Professional Theater


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package org.terasology.rendering.assets.texture;

import org.terasology.assets.Asset;
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/**
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public abstract class TextureRegionAsset<T extends AssetData> extends Asset<T> implements TextureRegion {

    protected TextureRegionAsset(ResourceUrn urn, AssetType<?, T> assetType) {
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}


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The multifunctionality and the advantages of thermal plasma for the fast inactivation of viable cells and degradation of organic compounds dissolved in waste water are presented. A complete bacterial inactivation process was observed and studied using a thermal plasma treatment source with very short application times, in particular for Staphylococcus aureus bundle spore survival. The survival curves and analyses of the experimental data of the initial and final densities of S. aureus bacteria show a dramatic inhibitory effect of the plasma discharge on the residual bacteria survival ratio. As the exposure time increased, the inactivation process rate increased for direct exposure more than it did for indirect exposure. The evaluation of direct and indirect exposure was based on the analysis of the ultraviolet spectrum from the absorbance spectra of the organic compound dye called benzene sulfonate (C16H11N2NaO4S) and of viable cells called S. aureus. Organic compounds were degraded and viable cells were killed in a short time by thermal plasma. Moreover, analyses of total carbon, total organic carbon, and total inorganic carbon showed a fast decrease in organically bound carbon, however, this was not as fast as the absorbance spectra revealed by the exposure time increasing more for direct exposure than indirect exposure. After 100 s of exposure to the organic compound dye the removal had a maximun of 40% for samples with indirect exposure to the plasma and a maximum of 90% for samples with the direct exposure. For both samples, where some organic contaminants still remained in treated water, four electrolytes (KCl, NaCl, Na2SO4, and CH3COONa) were added to be effective for complete sterilization, reaching a purity of 100%. A proposal is made for an optimized thermal plasma water purification system (TPWPS) to improve fast inactivation of microbes and the degradation of organic compounds dissolved in water (especially for direct exposure rather than indirect exposure) using a hybrid plasma torch with an electrical power of 125 kW (500 V–250 A) producing a high-temperature (10 000 K–19 000 K) plasma jet with a maximum gas consumption of 28 mg s−1.
 . [J]. Plasma Sci. Technol., 2019, 21(5): 55102-055102.


Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch 1791), the Floral Wrasse. Hardy, but not as good-looking as some of its congeners. To twenty inches long in the wild; much smaller in captivity. Indo-Pacific out to the Tuamotus. Fiji.
Cheilodipterus isostigmus (Schultz 1940), the Dog-Toothed Cardinalfish. West-central Pacific. To nearly four inches in length. This three inch one in Fiji.
Chlorodesmis fastigiata, Turtle Weed. Found widely in the South Pacific and marine aquariums. Prefers brisk water movement and bright light. Can be a pest if too prevalent, otherwise useful for nutrient uptake/consolidation, food for some tangs and angelfishes. Considered by some as host/food for the Nudibranch Cyerce nigricans. Fiji image.


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Independents by Sodexo wins...
Independents by Sodexo wins contract with Kings Hall School
Independents by Sodexo has been awarded a £1.4m a year contract by King's Hall School and King's College, Taunton to provide student and staff dining, and hospitality.
King's College is an independent co-educational boarding and day school with over 460 pupils aged 13-18 years. Its sister school, King's Hall School, is a prep and pre-prep with over 300 boys and girls from the ages of 2 to 13. It offers full, weekly and flexi boarding for children from the age of 8 years. Both schools are members of the Woodard Corporation, the largest group of Church of England schools in England and Wales.
This is first time that King's College has outsourced its catering and the first time the schools have worked together on their food offer. Sodexo will be tasked with providing a joined up approach to catering across the schools, offering pupils and staff a wide range of dishes, with an emphasis on fresh, nutritious and seasonal food.
Sodexo will invest in new facilities at the school and 35 staff will transfer to Sodexo as part of the contract win.
Jeremy Alderton, Managing Director of Independents by Sodexo, said "Independents by Sodexo is delighted to begin a new partnership with the King's Schools. We look forward to providing pupils and staff with a wide selection of fresh and seasonal dishes cooked by our highly skilled chefs."
Miles MacEacharn, Director of Finance at King's said "We were impressed by Sodexo's approach and innovative menus. We are confident that the whole community at both schools will benefit greatly from the team's culinary expertise and a new joined up approach."