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Jared Lee Loughner, 22, had a documented history of brushes with school officials and law enforcement.
Jared Loughner's background reveals series of warning signs
For months, Jared Lee Loughner creeped out classmates and teachers with his odd behavior.
As a student at Aztec Middle College in Tucson, Arizona, Loughner was prone to sudden outbursts in class, teachers said. He'd ask "incoherent" questions and make inappropriate comments.
Other times, he would just stare into space.
"He had an intense stare, but he usually didn't stare at other people," said Kent Slinker, who taught an "Intro to Logic" class attended by Loughner. "He would have a focused stare some place else in the room, and almost as if he was viewing another scene or intensely thinking about something."
Loughner often spoke out of turn and asked questions unrelated to the class topic, leading Slinker to assume the student had Tourette Syndrome.
"I was never able to talk to him on a one-to-one basis and I did worry about him a lot," he said. "I do recall thinking I hope his parents know what's going on and that they have a handle on things."
Loughner was arrested in Saturday's shooting at a constituents gathering held by U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords in front of a Tucson Safeway grocery store. Six people died and more than a dozen were wounded. Federal authorities have charged Loughner with first-degree murder, attempted murder counts and attempting to kill a member of Congress, counts that involve shooting federal employees. State prosecutors also could bring charges related to other victims.
Interviews with friends and former teachers and classmates provide a glimpse of how he appeared in public - a little off, but not necessarily threatening. Background checks reveal brushes with the law that alone did not set off any alarm bells, a law enforcement official told CNN. He was also suspended from community college in September with the understanding that he could return if he obtained a clean bill of mental health from a doctor, school officials said.
On their own, the incidents prompted as much action as school officials or law enforcement felt necessary, given the cirumstances. Whether anyone ever put them all together remains unclear.
Classmates from Mountain View High School in Marana, a Tucson suburb, saw a different side of Loughner. They described him as intense and intelligent, someone who kept to himself but was nice once you to know him. He was fixated on numbers and excelled at math, former girlfriend Ashley Figueroa told CNN affiliate KGUN.
"He was a very nice kid. He was very, very intelligent. He would help me out with like my math and that's how it started off," Figueroa told KGUN.
"He just seemed like one of those kids who kind of kept to himself. He was very, very quiet. I kind of made the effort to talk to him because he kind of kept to himself. He was actually a really nice kid when it came to it," added Figueroa.
But his temper was too much for Figueroa, so she ended their relationship, she said.
"He used to scare me sometimes and that's why I left him. He kind of made me feel uncomfortable at times," she said. "He'd get really mad, clench his fist and then throw a kind of little tantrum. He'd flail his arms and walk off."
Loughner dropped out of Mountain View in 2006, after his junior year, the school district said. Near the end of his junior year, Loughner was taken to a hospital for alcohol poisoning, according to Sheriff's Department records. In 2007, he was arrested for possession of drug paraphernalia, but the charge was dismissed after he completed a pretrial diversion program, according to court records.
In 2008, Loughner tried to enlist in the U.S. Army but was rejected for reasons that are protected by privacy laws, officials said. But an administration official told CNN on Sunday that Loughner had failed a drug test.
Loughner had most recently been taking classes at Aztec Middle College, a partnership between Tucson schools and Pima Community College that helps dropouts transition to community colleges.
Loughner took classes until September 2010, when he was suspended after five contacts with Aztec campus police "for classroom and library disruptions" between February and September, the school said.
To his college classmates, Loughner's presence was unnerving, drawing the attention of campus law enforcement.
"The first time I was really struck by him was because he used inappropriate reactions to people's emotional content. He would laugh at things that were sad. He just didn't seem to be aware of what was going on," Don Coorough, his classmate in advanced poetry, told CNN.
A report on Loughner's participation in the poetry class noted an instance of him responding inappropriately to a poem read in the class.
His comments "were a huge leap from the context of the poem and said things about abortion, wars, killing people, and 'why don't we just strap bombs to babies,' " according to a February report by the Pima College Department of Public Safety.
Loughner was kicked out of an algebra class in June after repeated interruptions that made classmates uncomfortable and left the impression that he clearly "needed psychological help," his algebra instructor Ben McGahee said.
Loughner sometimes shook, blurted things out in class and appeared to be under the influence of drugs at times, McGahee said.
"I was scared of what he could do," McGahee said.
"I wasn't scared of him physically, but I was scared of him bringing a weapon to class."
Loughner was suspended in September after authorities found a YouTube video in which he called the school "illegal according to the U.S. Constitution," the school said.
A follow-up letter warned that in order to return, Loughner had to present a doctor's note stating that "his presence at the college does not present a danger to himself or others."
Off campus, Loughner got into trouble with police for underage drinking and possession of a marijuana joint and a pipe. Pima County Sheriff's Bureau Chief Richard Kastigar described them as "very minor" incidents that failed to raise red flags ahead of Saturday's extreme violence.
"[They] do not add up in their totality to anything that would cause a police officer to say, 'This guy is going to go out there and shoot 20 people,'" Kastigar said.
Immediately after the shootings, law enforcement and the media went online to decipher Loughners digital footprint. They found a trove of confounding items in his profiles on MySpace, YouTube and other sites. Creating his own currency, lucid dreaming and distrust of the U.S. government were recurring themes in his online writings.
A December 30 posting states: "Dear Reader ... I'm searching. Today! With every concern, my shot is now ready for aim. The hunt, a mighty thought of mine."
One posting complained of a "second constitution," a term legal scholars sometimes use to describe post-Civil War amendments that ended slavery, extended voting rights and required equal protection under the law.
"In conclusion, reading the second United States constitution I can't trust the current government because of the ratifications: the government is implying mind control and brainwash on the people by controlling grammar," he wrote in a December 15 video message on YouTube. "No! I won't pay debt with a currency that's not backed by gold and silver! No! I won't trust in God!"
Alan Lipman, director of the Center of the Study of Violence at Georgetown University, said the postings show "classic signs of psychosis."
"People were looking for whether he was on the left or the right. He was neither," Lipman told CNN. "He was incoherent. Those were signs, classic signs you'd see in a psychiatric unit of formal thought disorder."
Forensic psychologist Kathy Seifert called the postings "absolutely psychotic." Loughner should have been evaluated for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism or other mental illnesses, she said.
In an apparent reference to Giffords' congressional district, a posting stated: "The majority of people, who reside in District-8 are illiterate - hilarious."
The last message reportedly posted on his MySpace page read, "Dear friends ... Please don't be mad at me. The literacy rate is below 5%. I haven't talked to one person who is literate."
Authorities believe Loughner specifically targeted Giffords. Searches of the Loughner home turned up a 2007 letter from Giffords thanking Loughner for attending a 2007 event similar to Saturday's, Kastigar said.
Other alleged connections to Giffords: an envelope in a strongbox in his home was scrawled with phrases like "die bitch" and "assassination plans have been made," though officials have not drawn a direct link to Giffords.
Neighbor Steven Woods said Randy Loughner had complained to another neighbor that his son was "out of control."
The morning of the shooting, Loughner and his father had a confrontation in their front yard, Kastigar said. His father had asked him about a black bag he was carrying.
"Jared mumbled something back to his dad, and his dad said he didn't understand what was said. It was unintelligible," Kastigar said. "And then Jared left. The father followed. The father got in his vehicle and tried to locate his son and followed the direction that he went and he could not locate his son."
Post by: CNN's Ashley Fantz and Emanuella Grinberg
Filed under: Arizona • Gabrielle Giffords
ConcernedNetizen
Dick Cheney is just about as creepy looking, more or less..
January 14, 2011 at 3:12 am | Report abuse |
You're an idiot
I agree and Catie probably has covered all the mirror in the house.
. . . and has similar expressions!
January 14, 2011 at 11:40 am | Report abuse |
I myself have had to struggle with mental illness most of my life.
I do not like the way this psycho is re-kindling the stigma against mentally ill people.
I myself have social interaction problems that cause me to be a loaner, and communication problems that makes me seem weird to people.
I will barely kill bugs, let alone a crowd of people.
There are MILLIONS of mentally ill people in America, and millions more who will not admit that they have a mental problem, truth be told so called "normal" people are probably a minority.
Out of millions of mentally ill few ever harm anyone.
The vast majority of murders are committed by those who are deemed "normal".
needstobesaid
Nicely Said. I have a really bad social phobia which causes me to avoid people in most cases. When I have to speak I shake and do not look at anyone. I'm actually extremely nice but it takes me a while to warm up to people. After this nonsense and the media hype about the "odd kid" I'm concerned about returning to school after this incident. The last thing anyone that has communication problems or any type of mental illness needs is more stares/comments from people. Talk about singling out those who are already isolated :(.
some emo kid
I myself wear my underwear on the outside and carry a duck. Why does society stigmatize us and call us nuts?
January 14, 2011 at 2:01 pm | Report abuse |
rmtaks
Warning signs? Just look at him! If you had showed me that picture even before this had happened, I would say "that guy is going to shoot a bunch of people, no question."
He didn't look that way until just before the shooting.
What do you mean? I thought all rightwing bible thumpers looked like that.
Dr. Lecter, Ph D.
PaulC, Loughner was more of a pot smoker, so can we say that he is the face of all pot users?
I believe that all of those in the gov't who have made a decision to put all who are Sane in danger by saying that the Insane walking around with us do not have to be forced to take their meds should be BLAMED because all of a sudden when things go wrong every one wants to jump on the parents or try to take the insanity plea if this wasnt a law Jared would not have had the option to seek mental help when he was told he would have been forced to do so and evreyone including himself would be safe also because we dont know the depth of any mental illness on any of the various/millions of different people/personalities all mentally ill should be considered dangerous if they r not medicated
Loughner was never on meds nor was he ever treated for mental problems.
I say we need to force EVERYONE to take meds that they need for EVERYTHING.
While we are at it we need to make laws against cigarettes, alcohol and fatty foods.
BTW, you are a moron.
BTW, if you ever had any experience with mental illness you would know that meds are dangerous and sometimes do not work.
The mental health medicine system is a big scam.
Sandra B
I went to a meeting about some of those drugs. The medical profession didn't seem overly thrilled with them either. lots of side effects...resolved to the idea that they don't have much to offer people, but they don't want people to suffer either. another one of those walking the tightrope problems.
isthatall
side effects which include meningitis and complete organ failure are unacceptable regardless of any benefit they may impart. the age of nazi medicine was supposed to have ended when we won the war (ww 2), so who exactly are these 'new fangled drug' developers and what's their agenda
What are we supposed to do, go back to forced lobotomy's?
Are you saying that if six lives would be saved by forcing him to have a lobotomy, you wouldn't want that to happen? No I don't agree with forced labotomies (sp?). I'm just saying that argument doesn't really relate to this case.
Jay In Florida
Reading CNN should be considered another sign of being a complete nutcase.
Ishtaknah wa izmiknah, all at once!
Iraq War Vet
Who ever said "guns did this" you are retarded. A person did this and should be punished the correct way through the American Justice system. I feel sorry for the people that try to take my guns away from me.
In the US, 43,000 people a year die from car crashes, yet I see no efforts to curb the sale of cars.
is that a threat? "i feel sorry for the people who try to take me guns away from me". sounds to me like one... anyways (sorry for bad grammar, my phone has issues with caps) in terms of guns i agree with the notion of owning one, but with limits. i see no reason to have more than a few rounds at any one time unless you're in a war zone. and on the topic of social stigma towards mentally ill: it needs to stop. i myself suffer from mental illness and experience all sorts of reactions. threats, coldness, hostility, avoidance... this behavior doesnt help them (us), it makes it worse. the day society stops being prejudice against mentally ill is the day these senseless massacres stop. of course massacres will still occur, but at least they'll have a motive
gianinatio
Cars serve a useful and necessary purpose on a daily basis. People do not hunt food in urban setting therefore access to GUNS on a daily basis is no longer a necessity of life. I expect better from a PhD...
everyone wants their 5 minutes of fame. Former teachers, students & friends, everyone had a sense he would do something like this. Bla bla bla!
I agree with you. Everyone in retrospect just saw it coming. I call B.S. Nobody saw it coming. I'm not saying that it was all lies, that there were no signs, but hindsight is 20/20, and it's so easy to isolate one incident and attach it to another when you really want to. If even half of the stuff all these people are saying about him is true I'll eat my hat. Everyone is eager to either get their fifteen minutes, or to distance themselves from this guy as much as possible by claiming they thought he was totally insane all along.
I mean I'm not saying anything about whether or not this guy was healthy, I just feel like so many people are totally fabricating or blowing out of proportion little incidents or facts so they can be on the news, and I'm more disillusioned with some news outlets than usual just for taking everything some random person says as law. I realize that lots of these things can never be fact checked, but come on.
As the sib of a schizophrenic, I would say that its probably true that they sensed danger. Not like a typical college student on a venting spree, but actual danger. That would be consistent with what I know to be true about schizophrenia. It's not casual...you know. Something isn't right there. Red flags go up. Like the algebra teacher and evidently students stated. His behavior seems appropriate to me. And probably correct. He may not present that way to everyone all the time though.
Sorry...I mean that the algebra teacher seems appropriate to me. It's not casual when you see it...red flags definitely go up. You sense that you are not dealing with "normal" and that they can harm people. He defined it well on cnn.
if loughne was jewish, he sure as hell broke their desire to maintain that image ;). l
I used to work in neuro many years ago and one thing that struck me as a nursing assistant is that I could talk to people with a brain injury and they seemed to be having a normal conversation with several friends in their room, but when it came time to ask orientation questions like what is your name?...they couldn't answer me. That strikes me. People are capable of having normal conversations, but not really be [lucid – not sure what the right word is...reluctant to use "normal"]. I think in the case of a disease...that would really throw people. But, if you work that backwards...can't we tell what part of the brain controls what? Would we be able to develop instruments to pick up on this type of thing? Has anyone tried?
The truth is that he didn't seem any more psycho than millions of other odd-ball loaner young people these days.
Everyone just wants to chime in with their experience interacting with him, just so they can say "I told you so".
The vast majority of people who behave like Loughner wouldn't harm a fly.
There has also been plenty normal acting psychos.
Sandra B – You asked a few questions that I may be able to help answer.
You asked, "But, if you work that backwards...can't we tell what part of the brain controls what? Would we be able to develop instruments to pick up on this type of thing? Has anyone tried?"
Yes, yes and yes. There are areas in the brain that specifically control/work particular parts of the body along with emotions and so on. However, the brain is far more complex that a person realizes. It is possible for a part of the brain to compensate for an injured part of the body even if a particular part of the brain is supposed to control another part of the body. In a sense it shares a part of the brain.
They can test for electrical impulses, temperature sensations, reflexes and I can't begin to tell you all of them. You did state "used to work in neuro many years ago". I'm going safely say you know how complex the Nervous system is.
I am answering because I have some personal familiarity. I've been through many assorted tests due to having several types of seizures, TN, TIA and more. I will not presume to be able to diagnose a person but I can tell you that medications cause side effects and doctors give medication to help the side effect and not interfere with the intent of the original medication.
To make a very elongated explanation short, what will cause the same things you describe are; seizure disorders, traumas, tumors, lesions, nerve damage, dna, pinched veins or arteries, along with a very long list of other possibilities.
Frustrating isn't it?
Just me: Extremely. I worked in neurosurgery, not neurology. or psych. My knowledge is more toward structural. Dermatomes. The obvious. This is not obvious. And i want some light on this one.
Do you mean something like dolman delcato (controversial) where the brain would re-learn things that it lost? or that one part helps when another part is offline for some reason? i think it's complex when you don't know it, but it seems like it should be able to know this now. Are we still in the structural stages? Are we any farther along on hormones? Can hormones affect behavior (thinking of oxytocin, testosterone, adrenaline)? And what happens there...hormone soup?
I wish I could see maps of what goes on there. (like dermatomes that tell what part of the brain controls what part of the body) Interesting that "controlling" seems to come up in some schizophrenics...i've met non-violent ones that were all about controlling the water tables and that a little bit here would completely mess up something in wisconsin. it was quite the elaborate story actually. what parts of the brain are affected for what parts? and/or what hormone or lack thereof controls what types of thoughts? why adult onset? why the delay? is there some physiological change that took place? They said that something changed two years ago...so say around 20-ish. How can you tell if a process is disintegrating? what are the signs? is it some myelin sheath type of breakdown? not enough fat? not enough vitamins? what is this thing? and how do we get rid of it? i would wrestle this one to the ground if i could. dog with a bone. chew it up and bury it in the yard. what is this thing? where does it come from? how do we prevent it? how do we intervene?
Is it some type of mercury poisoning? (thinking of mad hatters that got into mercury) why clenched fists? possible focal seizures?
@Sandra Interesting angle, Hg poisoning–too much gefelte fish, maybe?
clenched fists remind me of neuro problems. it has been too many years now, but is that from brain stem damage? toxins? metals?
Jeff Bunting
I would like to say by reading a lot of the comments on here that I can tell people are pretty ignorant of mental illness and don't have any understanding of what its like being trapped in your mind. You think killing him would be punishment but the reality most of us seek death because we're tired of living like a prisoner in our own mind. Voices telling us to do things that we wouldn't normally do. Sure it sounds funny and comical to the ignorant or to those who have never been through these things but I am telling you that death feels so much better than having to hear the voices in your head jibber and jabber for the rest of your life.
Being on medication also is laughable yes it makes them go away sometimes but not all the time and sure it makes things more manageable but its hardly some 'cure' that the misinformed believe it is. I am also sick and tired of how the media loves to paint the mentally ill. As if we're something lesser to be thrown in cages and mocked or thrown in some prison cell. How in the hell can that help anyone? Especially someone that doesn't even know why they are there?
stay with us. we care.
I am with you.
Although I don't get voices I have had to struggle with being BiPolar and emotional instabilities most of my life.
Meds do not work well for me.
I won't harm a fly and am actually a nice person who will go out of my way to help someone.
You just have to grab happiness as it comes by, think of yourself as being stronger instead of weaker than a so called "normal" person.
Truth is that everyone is a little bit off, just the smart ones will admit it.
You R pre-empted from killing yourself, but if they call you by your name You have to listen.
[ isthatall You R pre-empted from killing yourself, but if they call you by your name You have to listen. ]
Not necessarily true.
@Just_Me
You know if they r calling you by your name they are more real than anything else.
This much is as True as the fact that You, Just_Me, did not reply to my comment by chance alone.
everyone had a laugh of the school district shooting in Florida, just because no one was hurt and because of the woman that swung her purse at the shooter. It was not a laughing matter, the actions taken by the woman could have agravated and triggered the gunman to shoot at everyone in the room. Now why don't we laugh at the Arizona shooting.... because there were casualties? Truth is, no shooting incident, whether there are victims or not, whether it is has a happy ending or not, should be taken serious not laughed upon.
She was trying to save everyone, she just did not have the physical ability to do so.
Now if she had been some big burly chick that came out of there and broke his arm with a chair she would have gotten a medal, but she is being laughed at instead.
runmom
You correct Albert – any shooting incident could always end up worse that it did, regardless of the specifics of what happened. None of them are laughable.
January 14, 2011 at 12:11 pm | Report abuse |
This monster should hang at the end of a rope, along with the Fort Hood killer Nidal Hassan. The point of lethal injection is to be kind and merciful to the condemned person? That doesn't make sense.
I think he looks like a fast food employee of the month!!!!!!
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From record heat to winter weather, take a look at your holiday weekend forecast. cnn.it/35Ih1Y3


text:
Serdinya – miejscowość i gmina we Francji, w regionie Oksytania, w departamencie Pireneje Wschodnie.

Według danych na rok 1990 gminę zamieszkiwały 213 osoby, a gęstość zaludnienia wynosiła 13 osób/km² (wśród 1545 gmin Langwedocji-Roussillon Serdinya plasuje się na 698. miejscu pod względem liczby ludności, natomiast pod względem powierzchni na miejscu 485.).

Zabytki
Zabytki na terenie gminy posiadające status monument historique:
 kościół świętych Kosmy i Damiana (Église Saint-Côme-et-Saint-Damien de Serdinya)
 kościół św. Marcelego (Église Saint-Marcel de Serdinya)

Populacja

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Miejscowości w departamencie Pireneje Wschodnie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


When Aric Harding returned home after Hurricane Harvey he found his house still flooded. He began to play his piano but still waist deep in water. The video of Aric has gone viral and was seen by Vanessa Carlton. She along with Yamaha will replace Aric's ruined piano.


text:
Language English繁體中文
Home > News & Events > News Center
Targeting Service Management: DURABOOK attend SME 2012
At SME 2012 Twinhead launched the DURABOOK T7Q and presented several oncoming rugged tablets and notebooks.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


People can change their stripes, if we are willing to give them the opportunity. Everyone deserves a second chance in all walks of life.
I visited Port Phillip Prison's Youth Unit in Victoria, Australia 11 years ago and have been passionate about supporting ex-offenders ever since. To see smart, talented people languishing behind bars is saddening. But to see them snubbed and shunned when they leave prison is shameful. We need to support people to become productive members of society and stop the terrible cycle of recidivism, providing work opportunities and support to reengage with wider society.
I've written before how Virgin businesses in the UK, including Virgin Trains West Coast and Virgin Active have recruited dozens of people directly from prison, and re-offending is no longer an issue. Everyone agrees that employment makes all the difference. Beyond employment, we are now looking at other ways in which we can take our support into the prison system. Virgin Trains has just launched the first in-prison employability training programme aimed at building the workplace skills prisoners need to make them job-ready on the day of release. Virgin Start-up has partnered with the largest in-prison education provider to take entrepreneurship training behind prison walls.
More and more businesses are beginning to realise the untapped potential of hiring people who have spent time behind bars. Our own experience at Virgin shows that people with prior convictions are among the most motivated and loyal employees you can find anywhere.
Back in Australia, Igniting Change, which was founded by my friend Jane Tewson is doing remarkable work in this area. It is included as one of the focuses in their new book, Small ways to shape our world. Hopefully these simple messages can help us all to think of everyday ways to make the world a better place.
Watch Roger's story, as just one example of somebody who was given the support he needed to turn himself into a community leader and a wonderful example of how people can change their stripes.
Offering people a second chance by giving them the dignity of a decent job is our best hope to reduce reoffending rates effectively. By creating opportunities to give ex-offenders better chances through employment, we can make a real difference to society at large.


Iranian National Cord Blood Bank was established in May 2010. It is a public blood bank with the mission of providing stem cells for patients.
Cord blood is collected according to ethical, scientific, and legal standards, after getting the consent of mother. Then, it is sent to the cord blood bank at IBTO headquarters. In cord blood bank, several tests are performed including determination of number and identity of the stem cells within the sample, as well as testing for viral and bacterial diseases in mother and cord blood.
The process leads to separation of the nucleated cells and determination of HLA type is. The HLA type is registered in the HLA registry. The stem cells are mixed with appropriate preservatives and then stored in nitrogen tanks at -190 °C.
The national cord blood bank stores stem cells and offers them to any patient in need; They are not stored for private purposes. Once, a physician makes a request, a HLA-matched cord blood is selected and forwarded to the transplant center.
The center is expected to join with other cord blood banks around the world to build a strong network and inventory of high-quality cord blood units available for any patient who needs a transplant.


Philips played 14 games while making six starts 2016.was the prototypical outside linebacker, causing havoc when the Steelers ' defense was one of the league's best.The White Sox have 511 hits, including 83 doubles and 66 home runs.
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went 4 off talent.He's slated to become an unrestricted free agent 2018, but the starting middle linebacker may look to re-sign with Oakland after experiencing such productivity with the team.Phoenix Suns Betting Trends The Phoenix Suns are against the spread The Phoenix Suns are against the over under New Orleans Pelicans Betting Trends The New Orleans Pelicans are against the spread The New Orleans Pelicans are against the over under Phoenix Suns Injuries 11 15 PG Knight Ankle injured last game, probable vs.After being cheap nfl jerseys welcomed by the SKOL Chant upon arrival, he took the time to greet and thank fans of all ages.
He has a slugging percentage of .582 and OPS+ of 147.Jones recently signed a contract extension with the Rugby Football Union until 2021, which involves him mentoring his successor for a year before he leaves.Robinson Cano is hitting .311 this year and he has on-base percentage of .440.The Jaguars average 5 yards per play, which is 10th the league.The Pelicans are 11th the league defensive rating with 109, and their offensive rating of 109 is ranked 14th.


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package com.oracle.ptsdemo.healthcare.wsclient.osc.person.generated;

import java.math.BigDecimal;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlSchemaType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlValue;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.NormalizedStringAdapter;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlJavaTypeAdapter;

/**
 *
Java class for MeasureType complex type.
 *
 *
The following schema fragment specifies the expected content contained within this class.
 *
 *

 * <complexType name="MeasureType">
 *   <simpleContent>
 *     <extension base="<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema>decimal">
 *       <attribute name="unitCode" type="{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}normalizedString" />
 *     </extension>
 *   </simpleContent>
 * </complexType>
 *

 *
 *
 */
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlType(name = "MeasureType", namespace = "http://xmlns.oracle.com/adf/svc/types/", propOrder = {
    "value"
})
public class MeasureType {

    @XmlValue
    protected BigDecimal value;
    @XmlAttribute
    @XmlJavaTypeAdapter(NormalizedStringAdapter.class)
    @XmlSchemaType(name = "normalizedString")
    protected String unitCode;

    /**
     * Gets the value of the value property.
     *
     * @return
     *     possible object is
     *     {@link BigDecimal }
     *
     */
    public BigDecimal getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of the value property.
     *
     * @param value
     *     allowed object is
     *     {@link BigDecimal }
     *
     */
    public void setValue(BigDecimal value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of the unitCode property.
     *
     * @return
     *     possible object is
     *     {@link String }
     *
     */
    public String getUnitCode() {
        return unitCode;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of the unitCode property.
     *
     * @param value
     *     allowed object is
     *     {@link String }
     *
     */
    public void setUnitCode(String value) {
        this.unitCode = value;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Virginia Beach is home to 265 city parks and facilities encompassing more than 4,000 acres.
Virginia Beach has over 100 miles of bikeways and trails, and unique natural landscape, which allows for a variety of activities. The nation's fully accessible beach-front park and playground, JT's Grommet Island Beach Park and Playground, provides 15,000 square feet of ramps and decking, a shaded play area, benches, and picnic areas.
The Virginia Beach Sportsplex, managed by Hometown Sports Management, is a state-of the art, multi-sport/multi-use facility, located in the heart of Virginia Beach. The newly redesigned Sportsplex Turf field makes the Sportsplex a perfect place for year-round leagues and programs of all sizes. Comprised of the Sportsplex Stadium, Sportsplex Field Hockey National Training Center, and Sportsplex Athletic Fields, these venues provide ample space and top-quality athletic venues for Virginia Beach residents and the surrounding community. For more information, visit www.beachsportsplex.com.
Visit Virginia Beach to find more things to do.
The newly redesigned Sportsplex Turf field makes the Sportsplex a perfect place for year round leagues and programs of all sizes. Comprised of the Sportsplex Stadium, Sportsplex Field Hockey National Training Center, Sportsplex Criterion, and Sportsplex thletic Fields, these venues provide ample space and top quality athletic fields for Virginia Beach residents and the surrounding community.
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This state-of-the-art venue will host a diverse roster of sporting events and tournaments when it opens in the fall of 2020. The new Sports Center is located across the street from the Virginia Beach Convention Center and within an easy stroll to local shops, restaurants and attractions, including the Oceanfront Boardwalk and beach.
Virginia Beach is home to 265 city parks and facilities encompassing more than 4,000 acres.
The nation's first fully accessible beach-front park and playground, JT's Grommet Island Beach Park and Playground provides 15,000 square feet of ramps and decking, a shaded play area, bench seating and areas to picnic. The park is accessible to everyone including disabled children and adults.
Virginia Beach also offers 188 tennis courts throughout the City. In addition, the City's seven community recreation centers offer nearly 500,000 square feet of indoor fitness and recreation space including indoor pools, gymnasiums, cardio and free-weight exercise equipment, group fitness areas, and community-use rooms.
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Discover new parks with the free VB ParkFinder mobile app (iOS, Android) or locate a city park here.
Golf courses are plentiful in Virginia Beach.
There are 11 top-rated courses designed by such world famous course architects as Fred Couples, Arnold Palmer, and the legendary Pete Dye. These courses, including the prestigious Virginia Beach National, are sure to intrigue beginners and challenge the pros.
Fishing in Virginia Beach is an experience you'd happily mount over your fireplace. Located at the intersection of the Chesapeake Bay, the Atlantic Ocean, and a variety of freshwater waterways, Virginia Beach offers up a uniquely diverse range of fish and fishing destinations.
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Hassle-free delivery, we never come short on our customers' expectations. Our delivery guys have been with us long enough to understand the needs and preferences of our customers.


text:
Home News Villeroy & Boch Chairman changes
Villeroy & Boch Chairman changes
Dr Alexander von Boch-Galhau has resigned as Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Villeroy & Boch AG at the end of the coming Annual Shareholders' Meeting 2021 and will then hand over this function to Andreas Schmid. Dr Alexander von Boch-Galhau had held the Chairman position on an interim basis following the departure of Yves Elsen from the Supervisory Board at the end of 2019. He will remain on the Supervisory Board as a full member.
Dr Alexander von Boch-Galhau said, "I was happy to take on the task of Chairman and would like to thank you for the trust you have placed in me. It has always been a constructive and goal-oriented cooperation within the Supervisory Board, with the Management Board and the employees. I look forward to continuing to help shape the future of Villeroy & Boch as a member of the Supervisory Board."
At the Supervisory Board meeting to be held immediately after the Annual Shareholders' Meeting 2021, Andreas Schmid will be proposed for election as the new Chairman on March 26, 2021. Mr Schmid was newly elected to the Supervisory Board at the last Annual Shareholders' Meeting in 2020 as proposed by the shareholders' representatives and has already been able to familiarise himself with the company and the tasks ahead. He has many years of international experience in corporate management, both on the executive side and on that of the controlling body. As an entrepreneur, he has already presided over various companies as chairman or president.
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One thing that's fun about keeping your priority list straight is that if things happen on the low or midside of that list, you end up not worrying as much about it. It just takes time to figure it out.
Last night was a good example. I had a problem with a customer. There were these issues with their configuration, and they were complaining. They ended up setting up a meeting with my competitor - at least, I was pretty sure about it. When people complain, you need to deal with the issue. If they're making noise, but you're fixing the problem - then they're probably okay. It's when they get silent on you, that you know you're losing business. They're going elsewhere.
So, I was kind of down about it all. I was trying to get with this customer and let them know what I'd done for them but they were 'out of the office'. And then I checked in with my competitor and asked him if he'd heard about anything from these guys. He said he didn't. He lied.
I caught him up in their server room today. And you know, it hurt. This customer is an important customer to me. And to have them cut off like this is a real pain. The guy is trying to sniper my customer. Grrr.
But that was today. Yesterday, I just had a vague sense of bad feeling about what was going on. I took it home with me. When I opened the mail, I found that my son had done very well on a key exam he had taken. An exam that would let him into a very good school. And slowly, it began to dawn on me that my son was more important than my job. I even said it this morning - I didn't scurry into work as fast as I could. I just drove in at the normal time, and relaxed along the way. It took about an hour, really - for it to sink in that the kid did a great job.
And suddenly, everything seemed a little better. Still not great, but then, hey. We do what we can. Right now I'm going to focus on taking care of the existing customers. If my competitor gets in there and screws around with my new ones, hey. That's life. I'll make sure he gets his. I'm not going to make it easy for him.
But in the end, whether or not the guy will get this customer away from me depends largely upon whether or not he's going to be able to pry them away from the work I've already done for them. Work that is largely finished. If they want to spend more. They can. It's up to them. We're going to hold a meeting and check off what was done. I'll be ready for it.
What is important is that my son did well. And that makes me want to do better in my own life. I may be a bit messed up - but if I can maintain my priorities, I think I'll be ok. Right now, the new customer just dropped lower on my list than they were before. Some might say that's bad for business. Yes.
But it's going to be great for my mountain bike schedule.
That's cool, man. I like the way you think.


Fauli-Oller, R. and J. Sandonis (2002), "Welfare reducing licensing", Games and Economic Behavior, Vol. 41, pp. 192-205.
Helpman, E. and P. Krugman (1989), Trade Policy and Market Structure, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Jones, R. W. and S. Takemori (1989), "Foreign monopoly and optimal tariffs for the small economy", European Economic Review, Vol. 33, pp. 1691-1707.
Kabiraj, T. and S. Marjit (2003), "Protecting consumers through protection: The role of tariff-induced technology transfer", European Economic Review, Vol. 47, pp, 113-124.
Kishimoto, S. and S. Muto (2012), "Fee versus royalty policy in licensing through bargaining: an application of the Nash bargaining solution", Bulletin of Economic Research, Vol. 64, pp. 293-304.
Marjit, S. (1990), "On a non-cooperative theory of technology transfer", Economics letters, Vol. 33, pp. 293-298.
Mukherjee, A. and N. Balasubramanian (2001), "Technology transfer in a horizontally product differentiated model", Research in Economics, Vol. 55, pp. 257-274.
Mukherjee, A. and E. Pennings (2006), "Tariffs, licensing and market structure", European Economic Review, Vol. 50, pp, 1699-1707.
Poddar, S. and U. B. Sinha (2010), "Patent licensing from a high-cost firm to a low-cost firm", Economic Record, Vol. 86, pp. 384-395.
Sen, D. and Y. Tauman, (2007), "General licensing schemes for a cost reducing innovation", Games and Economic Behavior, Vol. 59, pp. 163-186.
Wang, X. H. (1998), "Fee versus royalty licensing in a Cournot duopoly model", Economics Letters, Vol. 60, pp. 55-62.
Wang, X. H. (2002), "Fee versus royalty licensing in a differentiated Cournot duopoly", Journal of Economics and Business, Vol. 54, pp. 253-266.
Wang, L.F.S., Y.C. Wang and L. Zhao (2012), "Tariff policy and welfare in an international duopoly with consumer-friendly initiative", Bulletin of Economic Research, Vol. 64, pp. 56-64.


Established in 1934, The Wolf Range Company manufactures commercial gas ranges, griddles, and ovens. For more than 70 years, Wolf commercial cooking equipment has provided the foodservice industry with simple, trouble-free performance, exceptional durability and outstanding energy efficiency. In even the most demanding kitchen environments, depend on Wolf's hardworking, easy-to-use products to deliver the superior value your operation needs to succeed.


text:
Q: How to have a menu on the mac top toolbar with JavaFX? On Mac OS, applications that run in the background sometimes have their icon attached to a gui or menu in the right corner of the screen. I believe it is similar to what Windows has on the bottom-right corner.
However I want this for my JavaFX application as well. And I don't know how to google for that. All I found was JavaFX' MenuBar, what unfortunately is not what I'm looking for.

A: You need to set a system property in order to move it out from your JFrame:
System.setProperty("apple.laf.useScreenMenuBar", "true");

This will show your JMenuBar in the MacOS Toolbar.
Or you could check if you are running MacOS and then set the property:
  if (System.getProperty("os.name").contains("Mac")) {
  System.setProperty("apple.laf.useScreenMenuBar", "true");

}

A: public class SystemTray {
    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Main.class);
    public static java.awt.SystemTray tray = java.awt.SystemTray.getSystemTray();              // set up a system tray icon.
    public static TrayIcon trayIcon;
    public static Image trayIconImage;
    public static MenuItem startRecording;
    public static MenuItem stopRecording;
    public static MenuItem playRecording;
    public static MenuItem pauseRecording;
    public static MenuItem startOver;
    public static MenuItem exitItem;
    final static PopupMenu popup=new PopupMenu();
    public static boolean windows = Main.checkOS();

    public SystemTray() {
    }

    public static void addAppToTray() {
        try {
            // ensure awt toolkit is initialized.
            Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
            URL IconPath;
            // app requires system tray support, just exit if there is no support.
            if (!java.awt.SystemTray.isSupported()) {
                System.out.println("No system tray support, application exiting.");
                return;
                //Platform.exit();
            }

            if (windows) {
            File file = new File("./resources/main/cogwheel-win.png");
           // IconPath =this.getClass().getResource("cogwheel-windows.png");
            IconPath =file.toURI().toURL();

            }
            else {
            File file = new File("./resources/main/cogwheel-mac.png");
           // IconPath =this.getClass().getResource("cogwheel-mac.png");
            IconPath =file.toURI().toURL();
            }

            logger.info(IconPath.getFile().toString());
            trayIconImage = ImageIO.read(IconPath);
            trayIcon = new TrayIcon(trayIconImage);
            startRecording = new MenuItem("Start Recording (Shift+Space)");
            stopRecording = new MenuItem("Stop Recording (Shift+Space)");
            playRecording = new MenuItem("Play Recording (Shift+P)");
            pauseRecording = new MenuItem("Pause Recording (Shift+P)");
            startOver = new MenuItem("Start Over (Shift+R)");
            //openItem.addActionListener(event -> Platform.runLater(this::showStage));

            // and select the exit option, this will shutdown JavaFX and remove the
            // tray icon (removing the tray icon will also shut down AWT).

            exitItem = new MenuItem("Quit CAD");
            exitItem.addActionListener(event -> {
                Platform.exit();
                tray.remove(trayIcon);
            });

            // setup the popup menu for the application.
            popup.add(startRecording);
            popup.add(stopRecording);
            popup.addSeparator();
            popup.add(playRecording);
            popup.add(pauseRecording);
            popup.addSeparator();
            popup.add(startOver);
            popup.addSeparator();
            popup.add(exitItem);
            trayIcon.setPopupMenu(popup);
            // add the application tray icon to the system tray.
            tray.add(trayIcon);

           // startRecording.addActionListener(event -> Platform.runLater(Creator::startRecording));

        } catch (AWTException | IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Unable to init system tray");
           logger.info(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

A: I write apps like this a lot, and this is what I discovered as being the easiest and most effective way to use Java/FX to create an app on MacOS that only exists as an icon in the system tray.
I utilize the FXTrayIcon library to accomplish this as that library does the conversions between JavaFX and AWT quite nicely.
First I just add this to my POM file:
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.dustinredmond.fxtrayicon</groupId>
    <artifactId>FXTrayIcon</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.0</version>
</dependency>

Then I use a Launcher class which takes advantage of what AWT can do that JavaFX cannot which is get rid of the Dock icon (not to mention still no native FX support for the system tray).
import java.awt.*;

public class Launcher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("apple.awt.UIElement", "true");
        Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
        Main.main(args);
    }
}

Then here is a simple Main class that is fully functional
import com.dustinredmond.fxtrayicon.FXTrayIcon;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

import java.net.URL;

public class Main extends Application {

    private URL icon = Main.class.getResource("icon.png");

    @Override public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        new FXTrayIcon.Builder(primaryStage, icon, 22, 22)
                .menuItem("Say Hello", e->helloIcon())
                .separator()
                .addExitMenuItem("Exit", e-> System.exit(0))
                .show()
                .build();
    }

    private void helloIcon() {
        System.out.println("Hello Icon");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

This is what it looks like, and no Dock icon at all nor does the app show up in the CMD+TAB app switching.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Arteriovenous fistula outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients
Juan C Duque1, Laisel Martinez2, Marwan Tabbara2, Loay H Salman3, Roberto I Vazquez-Padron2, Adriana Dejman1
1 Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
2 DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
3 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
Date of Submission 11-Dec-2017
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remodeling is an active area of research in vascular biology given the high rates of primary failure, complications, and cost burden for the health-care system. Comorbidities such as diabetes and different types of vascular disease are known to influence AVFs outcomes. However, little is known about the effects of immunosuppression, particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, on AVF primary failure and patency. This retrospective study assessed the impact of HIV infection and T-cell counts on AVF outcomes. Using a retrospective cohort of 495 patients, we compared the risk of AVF primary failure and primary unassisted patency on HIV-positive and nonimmunocompromised individuals using logistic regressions and Cox proportional hazard models. Within the HIV-infected subset (n = 43), we analyzed the association between immunological parameters such as T-cell counts and primary failure. Positive predictors of primary failure were HIV infection [odds ratio (OR) = 3.09, P = 0.002] and history of a previous AVF (OR = 2.18, P = 0.003). However, there was no difference in primary unassisted patency between HIV-positive and negative individuals after excluding primary failure cases. There was no association between T-cell subset counts and AVF outcomes. Our results indicate that HIV-positive individuals have a higher risk of AVF primary failure than nonimmunocompromised patients. However, this increased susceptibility is not explained by the degree of immunosuppression.
Duque JC, Martinez L, Tabbara M, Salman LH, Vazquez-Padron RI, Dejman A. Arteriovenous fistula outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2018;29:1350-7
Duque JC, Martinez L, Tabbara M, Salman LH, Vazquez-Padron RI, Dejman A. Arteriovenous fistula outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl [serial online] 2018 [cited 2021 Jan 17];29:1350-7. Available from: https://www.sjkdt.org/text.asp?2018/29/6/1350/248312
Juan C. Duque∗, Laisel Martinez∗
∗These authors contributed equally to the manuscript.
Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) continue to rank as the best hemodialysis access according to the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines.[1] However, 30%–50% of AVFs fail to mature adequately to support dialysis therapy,[2],[3] underscoring the need for preventive treatments, and better risk management strategies. Advances in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have translated into extended life expectancies for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Infected individuals make up 1%–2% of the United States end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population,[4] and the prevalence of ESRD in HIV-positive patients continues to rise.[5]
AVFs are particularly recommended in the HIV-positive population[6] due to the high incidence of thrombosis and infections with arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) and tunneled dialysis catheters.[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13] An increased frequency of AVG occlusions has also been observed in HIV patients compared to the uninfected population.[7],[8],[9],[14] This higher risk for complications is partly attributed to behavioral factors and preaccess clinical history such as previous/current intravenous drug use and hepatitis B surface antigenemia.[10],[13],[14] However, Mitchell et al reported an increased frequency of AVG infections in HIV-positive patients that appeared to be unrelated to intravenous drug use, CD4 counts, or hypoalbuminemia.[12]
HIV infection is considered an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD).[15],[16] A combination of vascular offenders such as dyslipidemia (both HIV associated and HAART related), oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypercoagulability is thought to contribute to endothelial dysfunction,[17],[18] accelerated atherosclerosis,[19],[20] vascular stiff-ness,[21],[22] and increased carotid intima-media thickness.[15],[23] Low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts predict the severity of PAD,[24] incident CVD events,[16] reduced pulse wave velocity,[25] and the risk of venous thrombosis.[26] Furthermore, experimental AVF models suggest that CD4+ cells are needed for proper venous remodeling.[27]
In light of the above evidence, in this work, we investigate the relationship between immune cell counts in HIV patients and AVF primary failure.
We demonstrate that HIV-positive individuals have a three times higher risk of AVF primary failure than nonimmunocompromised patients. Nonetheless, none of the immuno-logical parameters tested (immune cell counts, T-cell ratios, and viral load) were associated with primary failure in HIV-infected patients.
Study participants
This retrospective study included 495 patients over 17 years of age, of whom 43 were HIV positive. All patients underwent AVF creation at Jackson Memorial Hospital or University of Miami Hospital from January 2008 to January 2015. A single surgeon (MT) performed all AVF creation and transposition procedures. The patients' medical records were reviewed to collect information on demographics, comorbidities, drug treatment at the time of AVF creation, prior vascular access history, and fistula characteristics and outcomes. Immunological parameters including absolute immune cell counts (white blood cells, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD16+, and CD56+), percent lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 ratio, and viral load were collected from HIV-positive patients if available. Laboratory results for white blood cells and percent lymphocytes were dated the day of AVF creation, while the rest of the immunological parameters were determined within three months of creation surgery. Patients were excluded from the study if they were lost to follow-up or if the patient underwent a midarm fistula (brachial-brachial) because of the necessity of a graft extension. All sections of the study were performed according to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and regulatory requirements at both institutions. The ethics committee and Institutional Review Board at the University of Miami approved the study.
Primary failure was defined as an AVF that failed to mature (diameter <6 mm or approximate blood flow <600 mL/min on ultrasound or inability to cannulate for hemodialysis) or that required a radiologic or surgical intervention within three months of creation (one-stage AVF) or transposition (two-stage AVF). Primary patency was defined as the time from creation (one-stage AVF) or transposition (two-stage AVF) until the first radiologic or surgical intervention.
Statistical analyses were performed using XLSTAT (New York, NY, USA). Normally, distributed data were compared using the Student's t-test and expressed as mean ± standard deviation, while nonnormally distributed values were compared using the Mann-Whitney test and expressed as median and interquartile range. Comparisons between group frequencies were performed using Fisher's exact test or Chi-square tests. Statistical associations between baseline covariates and primary failure in the overall patient cohort were assessed using multivariate logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, antiplatelet agent use, comorbidities, AVF type (one vs. two stage), and vascular access history. Logistic regressions of primary failure in the HIV-positive subset were minimally adjusted for ethnicity and history of a previous AVF. Univariate logistic regressions were also used to assess the association between immunological parameters and primary failure. For descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis, patients with nondetectable viral loads were assigned the lower limit of detection in our laboratories (20 copies/mL). Finally, the effects of baseline covariates on primary unassisted patency were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models after excluding primary failure cases. Results were considered statistically significant when P <0.05.
Demographics, clinical, and A VF characteristics of the study population
The entire patient cohort was comprised by 39% females, 37% Hispanics, and 59% non-Hispanic blacks with ages ranging from 18 to 88 years [Table 1]. Most patients were diagnosed with hypertension (98%), while 18% and 55% had coronary artery disease and diabetes, respectively. Twenty-one percent of patients were taking antiplatelet agents and 18% had a history of a previous AVF. HIV-positive patients differed from the nonimmuno-compromised cohort (defined as negative for HIV, lupus, organ transplant, and chemotherapy) in that the former had a lower mean age (43 ± 12 vs. 53 ± 14 years) and were comprised by more non-Hispanic blacks (81% vs. 57%) and fewer Hispanics (16% vs. 39%) than uninfected individuals [Table 1]. In addition, a higher proportion of HIV-positive patients had a history of a previous AVF compared to the nonimmunocompromised population (30% vs. 16%). [Table 2] presents the immunological parameters profile in the HIV-positive cohort within three months of AVF creation. There was a high variability in infection control as evidenced by viral loads ranging from 20 to over 500,000 copies/mL [Table 2]. Only nine of 43 patients (21%) had nondetectable values.
Table 1: Baseline characteristics of the study population.
Table 2: Immunological parameters in the HIV-positive cohort.
Statistical associations with arteriovenous fistula outcomes
Primary failure occurred in 51% of HIV-positive patients and 22% of nonimmuno-compromised individuals (P = 0.0001). A multivariate logistic regression adjusting for demographic variables, antiplatelet agents, comorbidities, AVF type, and vascular access history indicated that only HIV infection [odds ratio (OR) = 3.09, P = 0.002] and history of a previous AVF (OR = 2.18, P = 0.003) were associated with primary failure [Table 3]. However, neither ethnicity nor history of a previous AVF was related to AVF outcomes in the HIV-positive cohort [Table 4]. In addition, immunological parameters were not associated with AVF primary failure in HIV patients [Figure 1] and [Table 5].
Table 3: Association between baseline covariates and primary failure in the overall study population by multivariate logistic regression.
Table 4: Association between select baseline covariates and primary failure in HIV patients by multivariate logistic regression.
Figure 1: Immunological parameters in HIV-positive patients with arteriovenous fistulas that matured or failed
Table 5: Association between immunological parameters and primary failure in HIV patients by univariate logistic regressions.
In terms of primary unassisted patency, non-Hispanics blacks had improved AVF survival (hazard ratio 0.65, P = 0.046) compared to other ethnic groups. No other demographic or clinical covariates were associated with primary patency [Table 6].
Table 6: Association between baseline covariates and primary unassisted patency in the overall study population using a multivariate Cox hazards model.
AVF remodeling continues to be one of the least understood areas in vascular biology. The extensive clinical variability between ESRD patients and the multitude of clinical and behavioral factors that can influence AVF outcomes presents a challenge not only to the study of AVF remodeling but also to the design of better risk management strategies in specific patient populations. Survival of HIV-positive patients with ESRD has improved considerably over the past decade.[28] The expected increase in prevalent ESRD in this patient population[5] and their higher predisposition for vascular access-related complications[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[14] highlights the need for improving HD access outcomes in this group. This study indicates that HIV-positive patients have a three times higher risk of AVF primary failure than uninfected individuals, but such vulnerability is not explained by the degree of immunosuppression.
The higher frequency of primary failure in the HIV-positive cohort contrasts the results reported by Mitchell et al[12] In the latter retrospective study, the AVF outcomes of 23 HIV-positive individuals were compared to those of 32 uninfected comparators, with approximately 40% of patients in both groups experiencing primary failure. Similar to our cohort, the HIV-infected subgroup in Mitchell et al had an average age close to 40 years old and a higher proportion of black individuals. In contrast, there was a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes in the uninfected controls which could be a confounding factor in their comparisons.[12] Using a larger number of patients in both the HIV-positive and negative groups, which allow for better representation of comorbidities and baseline covariates, we observed significantly better primary failure outcomes in our uninfected cohort (22%) versus the 41% reported in Mitchell et al. It is possible that this is related to the higher numbers of upper-arm AVFs in our study, although this did not help with the elevated frequency of primary failure in the HIV-positive population (51%).
Despite the younger age of the HIV-positive subgroup in the present work compared to the control population, the proportion of patients with a history of a previous AVF was twice as high in the former versus in the uninfected cohort. Both black race and history of a previous AVF have been associated with primary failure in previous studies,[29],[30],[31],[32],[33] and history of a previous AVF is a strong predictor in the present work. However, none of these variables were associated with failure in the HIV-positive population, which suggests that HIV infection is an independent risk factor. We did not collect information on the patients' social history. Thus, it is not possible to assess whether previous/current intravenous drug use in the present cohort contributed to increased primary failure due to vascular trauma and/or infections. Of note, all AVF creation and transposition procedures in our study were performed by a single surgeon, which minimizes the confounding factors related to the surgical technique and implies an underlying vascular-related problem in HIV-positive patients.
In contrast to the poorer primary failure out-comes in the HIV-infected population, our survival analysis revealed comparable patency of working AVFs from HIV-positive and negative individuals. These results agree with previous retrospective studies[8],[12],[34] and suggest that the main problem with AVFs in HIV-positive patients is the early remodeling period. Results from an experimental AVF model suggested that CD4 cells aid in venous remodeling.[27] Nonetheless, we found no associations between any of the immunological parameters tested and primary failure in HIV patients.
The limitations of this work include a relatively small HIV-positive population, the lack of information on patients' relevant social history, and the single-center retrospective design of the study. In conclusions, our work reveals that HIV-positive patients are at higher risk of primary failure than uninfected comparators. Given the higher risk of infections and thrombosis with other hemodialysis accesses in the former population,[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13] these results underscore the need for understanding and addressing the reasons behind early AVF failure in HIV patients.
Dr. Juan C. Duque and Mrs. Laisel Martinez contributed equally to the manuscript.
National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI clinical practice guideline for hemodialysis adequacy: 2015 update. Am J Kidney Dis 2015;66:884-930.
Asif A, Roy-Chaudhury P, Beathard GA. Early arteriovenous fistula failure: A logical proposal for when and how to intervene. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;1:332-9.
Al-Jaishi AA, Lok CE, Garg AX, Zhang JC, Moist LM. Vascular access creation before hemodialysis initiation and use: A population-based cohort study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015;10:418-27.
Eggers PW, Kimmel PL. Is there an epidemic of HIV infection in the US ESRD program? J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15:2477-85.
Mallipattu SK, Wyatt CM, He JC. The new epidemiology of HIV-related kidney disease. J AIDS Clin Res 2012;Suppl 4:1.
Lucas GM, Ross MJ, Stock PG, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic kidney disease in patients infected with HIV: 2014 update by the HIV medicine association of the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014;59:e96-138.
Brock JS, Sussman M, Wamsley M, et al. The influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection and intravenous drug abuse on complications of hemodialysis access surgery. J Vasc Surg 1992;16:904-10.
Curi MA, Pappas PJ, Silva MB Jr., et al. Hemodialysis access: Influence of the human immunodeficiency virus on patency and infection rates. J Vasc Surg 1999;29:608-16.
Gorski TF, Gorski YC, Muney J. Complications of hemodialysis access in HIV-positive patients. Am Surg 2002;68:1104-6.
Mokrzycki MH, Schröppel B, von Gersdorff G, et al. Tunneled-cuffed catheter associated infections in hemodialysis patients who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11:2122-7.
Mitchell D, Krishnasami Z, Allon M. Catheter-related bacteraemia in haemodialysis patients with HIV infection. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21:3185-8.
Mitchell D, Krishnasami Z, Young CJ, Allon M. Arteriovenous access outcomes in haemo-dialysis patients with HIV infection. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:465-70.
Castro CE, Madariaga MG. Vascular access-related infections in HIV patients undergoing hemodialysis: Case description and literature review. Braz J Infect Dis 2008;12:531-5.
Eustace JA, Gregory PC, Krishnan M, et al. Influence of intravenous drug abuse on vascular access placement and survival in HIV-seropositive patients. Nephron Clin Pract 2005;100:c38-45.
Grunfeld C, Delaney JA, Wanke C, et al. Preclinical atherosclerosis due to HIV infection: Carotid intima-medial thickness measurements from the FRAM study. AIDS 2009;23:1841-9.
Lichtenstein KA, Armon C, Buchacz K, et al. Low CD4+ T cell count is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease events in the HIV out-patient study. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51:435-47.
Shankar SS, Dubé MP. Clinical aspects of endothelial dysfunction associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection and anti-retroviral agents. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2004;4:2 61-9.
Masiá M, Padilla S, García N, et al. Endothelial function is impaired in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy. Antivir Ther 2010;15:101-10.
Shrestha S, Irvin MR, Grunfeld C, Arnett DK. HIV, inflammation, and calcium in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:244-50.
Cerrato E, Calcagno A, D'Ascenzo F, et al. Cardiovascular disease in HIV patients: From bench to bedside and backwards. Open Heart 2015;2:e000174.
Nolan D, Watts GF, Herrmann SE, et al. Endothelial function in HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitor therapy: Does immune competence affect cardiovascular risk? QJM 2003;96:825-32.
Rider OJ, Asaad M, Ntusi N, et al. HIV is an independent predictor of aortic stiffness. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014;16:57.
Hsue PY, Hunt PW, Schnell A, et al. Role of viral replication, antiretroviral therapy, and immunodeficiency in HIV-associated atherosclerosis. AIDS 2009;23:1059-67.
Periard D, Cavassini M, Taffé P, et al. High prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in HIV-infected persons. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:761-7.
Ho JE, Deeks SG, Hecht FM, et al. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy at higher nadir CD4+ T-cell counts is associated with reduced arterial stiffness in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS 2010;24:1897-905.
Saif MW, Bona R, Greenberg B. AIDS and thrombosis: Retrospective study of 131 HIV-infected patients. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2001;15:311-20.
Duque JC, Martinez L, Mesa A, et al. CD4(+) lymphocytes improve venous blood flow in experimental arteriovenous fistulae. Surgery 2015;158:529-36.
Razzak Chaudhary S, Workeneh BT, Montez-Rath ME, et al. Trends in the outcomes of end-stage renal disease secondary to human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015;30:1734-40.
Hod T, Desilva RN, Patibandla BK, et al. Factors predicting failure of AV "fistula first" policy in the elderly. Hemodial Int 2014; 18:507-15.
Lok CE, Allon M, Moist L, et al. Risk equation determining unsuccessful cannulation events and failure to maturation in arterio-venous fistulas (REDUCE FTM I). J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17:3204-12.
Obialo CI, Tagoe AT, Martin PC, Asche-Crowe PE. Adequacy and survival of autogenous arteriovenous fistula in African American hemodialysis patients. ASAIO J 2003;49:435-9.
Martinez L, Duque JC, Escobar LA, et al. Distinct impact of three different statins on arteriovenous fistula outcomes: A retrospective analysis. J Vasc Access 2016;17:471-6.
Martinez L, Duque JC, Tabbara M, et al. Fibrotic venous remodeling and non-maturation of arteriovenous fistulas. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018 Mar;29(3):1030-40.
Mistry H, Lifford R, Stephenson MA, Valenti D. Vascular access outcomes in HIV-positive patients. J Vasc Access 2012;13:459-63.
Dr. Juan C Duque
Katz Family Division of Nephrology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
Duque JC
Martinez L
Tabbara M
Salman LH
Vazquez-Padron RI
Dejman A


text:
The Római Part (also referred to as Római-Part; common English translations: Roman Beach, Roman Coast, or Roman Riverbank) is a riverside beach in the capital of Hungary, Budapest. It is located at an approximately 5 kilometers long stretch along the Danube riverside of the city's North-Western 3rd district (Óbuda-Békásmegyer).
It is well known among inhabitants - and increasingly among tourists - as a local recreational area, natural reserve, water sports facility, and - predominately between spring and fall - a popular entertainment area with numerous open air gastronomic facilities and bars.

Location and Directions
The name Római Part refers both to the riverside beach and the walking and cycling promenade that lies behind, stretching from the Barát-patak creek estuary in the north to the Aranhegyi-patak creek estuary in the south. The area is well connected to public transport. It is served by 3 local bus lines (lines 34, 106, and night bus 934), the central bus stop being Nimród utca. It can also easily be reached by suburban railway (HÉV), via the stop Rómaifürdő. There are also several parking lots for cars available. A BKV ferry boat stops at boat station Rómaifürdő on a regular basis (lines D11 and D12). Furthermore, the riverside promenade is part of the EuroVelo 6 international bicycle route, lying in a section that connects Budapest with the northbound village of Szentendre.

Sports and Recreation
Historically, the area has been a center for boating sports, such as kayak and canoeing already since the 19th century. As a consequence, many boat houses are nowadays located along the river in this area. The promenade, which is lined by many trees, is a popular destination among runners and cyclists. It is also a popular walking area for families with children and dogs. Moreover, the Római Part hosts a number of sports facilities, a Pétanque pitch, and a bowling center.

Gastronomy
Along the promenade and the riverside several bars, restaurants, and food trucks are located. Most of these venues open in spring and close only during wintertime, with some of them being open all year long. Many food venues offer popular Hungarian street food, such as "Hekk" (fried hake fish), "Langos" (fried dough), or "Sült kolbász" (fried sausage). Due to this gastronomic culture, combined with the natural setting and the riverside in vicinity, the Római Part is also referred to by some as "the capital's lake Balaton coast".

Debate on Mobile Dam
In 2013, the Budapest city council decided to order the construction of a mobile dam at the Római Part, in order to protect the area from flooding. In the past, the Római Part and parts of the 3rd district's residential area that lies beneath have been flooded repeatedly. Since the city council decision, there has been a long debate about the type and location of the planned dam. The benefits and effectiveness of this specific flood protection are highly contested. Criticism is formulated by several local inhabitants and organizations, who emphasize several issues with the plan. One problem of the current mobile dam plan is that it would make it necessary to cut down approximately 1500 trees on the shoreline and result in an environmental disaster for the wildlife of the area. Another problem is the soil condition on the riverside, which would only lead to a fragile flood protection and endanger the entire neighborhood in case of breach during an actual flood. An alternative flood protection measure - which is also supported by most critics of the current plan and many local inhabitants - would be to construct a dam further away from the embankment at Nánási street and Királyok street. Supporters of the mobile dam plan include local property owners, who have an interest in higher property values through complete flood protection of the neighborhood. As a consequence of the debate and widespread opposition against the city council plans, the implementation of the dam construction works is still pending, and alternative solutions are still in discussion.

References

Parks in Budapest
Danube


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text:
Q: Flutter: onSaved method of TextFormField not storing values to variables I have a form which prompts the user to enter the address. The form is broken down into multiple TextFormField widgets which is defined in a file called address_widget.dart. These widgets are called from the file: AddressPage.dart. The form loads and gets validated properly but the values saved by the onSaved methods in address_widget.dart is not getting stored in the variables city and address in AddressPage.dart. When printing the variables city and address, null is printed. Is this the correct way to do it or am I missing something?
address_widget.dart
Widget buildCity(city) {
    return TextFormField(
      style: TextStyle(
        fontFamily: 'Montserrat',
        fontSize: 2 * SizeConfig.textMultiplier,
      ),
      decoration: InputDecoration(
        labelText: 'City',
      ),
      validator: (String value) {
        if (value.isEmpty) {
          return 'This field is Required';
        }
      },
      onSaved: (String value) {
        city = value;
      },
    );
}

Widget buildAddress(address) {
    return TextFormField(
      style: TextStyle(
        fontFamily: 'Montserrat',
        fontSize: 2 * SizeConfig.textMultiplier,
      ),
      decoration: InputDecoration(
        labelText: 'Address',
      ),
      validator: (String value) {
        if (value.isEmpty) {
          return 'This field is Required';
        }
      },
      onSaved: (String value) {
        address = value;
      },
    );
}

AddressPage.dart
import 'package:userproject/widgets/address_widget.dart';

class AddressPage extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _AddressPageState createState() => _AddressPageState();
}

class _AddressPageState extends State<AddressPage> {

  final GlobalKey<FormState> _formKey = GlobalKey<FormState>();
  final GlobalKey<ScaffoldState> _scaffoldKey = GlobalKey<ScaffoldState>();
  String city;
  String address;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      key: _scaffoldKey,
      body: Form(
               key: _formKey,
               child: Column(
                      children: <Widget>[
                        Text(
                          'Enter your Address',
                          style: TextStyle(
                            fontFamily: 'Montserrat',
                            fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
                          ),
                        buildCity(city),
                        buildAddress(address),
                        Row(
                          children: [
                            RaisedButton(
                              onPressed: () {
                                if (!_formKey.currentState.validate()) {
                                       return;
                                 }
                                 _formKey.currentState.save();

                                print("city - $city"); // prints null
                                print("address- $address"); // prints null
                              },
                            ),
                          ],
                        )
                      ],
                    ),
                  ),
                ),
    }
}

The code has been simplified for easy reference.

A: You would have to use a TextEditingController to get the data from the text field.

class _AddressWidgetState extends State<AddressWidgetScreen> {

  final myController = TextEditingController();
//a string to store the input from the text field
  String city = '';

  @override
  void dispose() {
    // Clean up the controller when the widget is disposed.
    myController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Row(
      children: [
//in your case TextFormField
        TextField(
  controller: myController,
),
 RaisedButton(
            onPressed: () {
              //store the data from textfield to our new string
              city = myController.text.toString();
      //therest of your logic
            },

            textColor: Colors.white,),

BONUS TIP
Also, as good practice you should look to validate forms in a different class on runtime, using ValueObjects

A: Instead of using the onSaved you could try using the onChange callBack method it get assigned when ever the value gets changed.
In order to use the on SavedMethod the a separate formKey must be added to the form section and then we should call the onSaved using the context of the key which we have assigned.

A: Have you considered Hot Restart?
some code changes are not implemented until you do a 'Hot Restart'


text:
Madigan appoints majority leader for the state House
Submitted by Jon Maxson
Spokesman for Madigan's oOfice
Posted on 1/11/2019, 5:00 AM
SPRINGFIELD -- Speaker Michael J. Madigan issued the following statement Thursday announcing his appointment of state Rep. Greg Harris as House majority leader:
"At my request, Rep. Greg Harris will serve as House majority leader. This is the first in a series of leadership appointments that will be announced in the coming days reflecting the diversity of our state, and reflecting our caucus' approach to the coming legislative session.
"Throughout his tenure, Representative Harris has shown a dedication to meeting our state's biggest challenges head on. Throughout his career, he has worked to advance progressive ideals, while also building bipartisan consensus. He led a historic effort to make Illinois one of the first states to pass legislation ensuring equal rights for same-sex couples; he has spearheaded complicated Medicaid reforms with an eye toward compassion and expanded access to health care; and his leadership was most critical during the budget crisis, when Representative Harris was instrumental in bringing together Democrats and Republicans to enact a bipartisan budget that protects lifesaving services like breast cancer screenings, child care, health care for the elderly and much more.
"In 1997, I asked Barbara Flynn Currie to serve as the state's first female majority leader. Following in her historic tenure, today's appointment again represents House Democrats' commitment to building an inclusive, welcoming Legislature where all are represented. As the first openly gay majority leader, Representative Harris will also continue to reflect our caucus' commitment to working across the aisle and making the tough decisions."


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This material and online store is not official and is not endorsed by Epic.
we made a big step.
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text:
Where one
Smile Starts Another
Exciting Changes in 2018 at Cresta Mowana
Thank you for supporting Cresta Mowana Safari Resort & Spa over the years. We are delighted to advise that the refurbishment mentioned at Indaba 2017 will begin in the second quarter of 2018.
Air Botswana & Cresta Hotels "Best of Both" Special
Treat yourself to the enchantment of Maun or the vibrancy of Francistown with Air Botswana and Cresta Hotels "Best of Both" special. Fly from Gaborone to Maun and spend a night in Botswana's tourism heartland from only P3, 234.00 per person. For an additional night you pay P734.00 extra.
Cresta Hotels Appoints Country Director
Southern African hospitality group Cresta Hotels has appointed Chipo Mandela Coutry Director for its Zimbabwe operations, an appointment that took effect on February 1, 2018. Ms. Mandela succeeds Glenn Stutchburg, who has left the group after a six-year term as CEO.
Cresta Marakanelo Welcomes New Managing Director
Cresta Marakanelo welcomes the appointment of new Managing Director, Mr. Mokwena Morulane with effect from 9 October 2017. Mr. Morulane brings with him a wealth of knowledge from his previous background in management and accounting.
Tourism Development Levy
The Levy Background The Ministry of Environment Natural Resources' Conservation and Tourism through the Botswana Tourism Organisation wishes to announce the introduction of an obligatory Tourism Development Levy (TDL) Purpose of the Levy The objective of the Levy is to raise funds for conservation and national tourism development in order to support the growth of… Read more
Cresta Lodge Harare Rewarded At AZTA Awards
Earlier this month, Cresta Lodge Harare were awarded First Runner Up in the Best City Hotel category at the annual Association of Zimbabwean Travel Agents (AZTA) Awards. About the Awards Held in Harare, the AZTA awards recognise and reward a select number of lodges, hotels, airlines, agents and companies in the tourism industry. Qualities considered… Read more
Cresta Mowana – Nature meets luxury
In today's fast-moving, hyperconnected and overstressed world, a little wellness and tranquillity at a location removed from the buzz of everyday life is like a shelter from the storm. At Cresta Mowana Safari Resort & Spa in Kasane, on the banks of the Chobe River, surrounded by bushveld and overlooking the Namibian flood plains, you… Read more
New Cresta Hotel for Maun
Known as the gateway to the much-visited Okavango Delta in Botswana, Maun is also a popular launching point for the numerous other wildlife activities on offer in this awe-inspiring corner of Africa. Visitors from all over the world arrive in this small town in their droves to partake in safaris to some of the most… Read more
Exciting Changes at Cresta Jameson
Cresta Hotels has re-modeled the service offering of its Cresta Jameson Hotel in Harare, creating a selected service operation that meets the changing expectations of customers who prefer accommodation, banqueting and conference options in the central business district. Glenn Stutchbury, CEO of Cresta Hotels, said the hotel's focus had changed in recent years to a… Read more
Chatters Restaurant at Cresta Lodge, Harare gets a Facelift
Refurbishment work is under way at Chatters Restaurant in Harare's Cresta Lodge, with completion and re-opening expected by early April. Glenn Stutchbury, CEO of Cresta Hotels, said the development was a follow-up to the multi-million-dollar renovation programme undertake between 2012 and 2015, which saw the revamping of all bedrooms and suites and the upgrading of… Read more


text:
Q: Process not able to access environment variable I have a WPF application.
For my application I am setting an environment variable and updating the path variable.
Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(var_name, value, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine);

The first time it runs it will search for that variable, if it's not found then it will set it.
if (IsSonarRunnerHomePathSet() == false)
{
    SetSonarRunnerHomePath(strSonarPath);
}

And code for
public bool IsSonarRunnerHomePathSet()
{
    try
    {
    string envJavaHome = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SONAR_RUNNER_HOME", EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine);
    return (envJavaHome != null) ? true : false;
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        throw new Exception(" GetEnvironmentVariable Error -" + ex.Message);
    }
}

public void SetSonarRunnerHomePath(string strSonarDirPath)
{
    try
    {
        Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(sonar_runner_home, strSonarDirPath, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        throw new Exception("SetEnvironmentVariable SONAR_RUNNER_HOME Error - " + ex.Message);
    }
}

After that I execute a bat file from my application using Process.Start which uses this environment variable.
Bat file gets created at run time and bat file contains
cd /D  someDirPath      //someDirPath is provided from user as input
sonar-runner.bat -X     // run sonar-runner from someDirPath

and
proc = new Process();
//command to execute
proc.StartInfo.FileName = batchFileName;
proc.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
proc.Start();

But that process is not able to find that environment variable.
When I run my application a second time, it's able to find it in my WPF application with:
Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(var_name, EnvironmentVariableTarget.Machine);

But when the bat file starts executing, it's still not able to find that environment variable.
I added a command in the bat file to display environment variable, my variables are not displayed.
But when I open a command prompt and give the set command to see environment variables.
It's showing my variable.
Getting below error
'sonar-runner.bat' is not recognized as an internal or external command,

How is that batch process not able to see it, not even during the second time?
Any suggestions/help?