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Bob Dylan song analysis
A Note About The Interpretations
Nobel Thoughts
July 29, 2019 August 13, 2019 / David Weir	/ 4 Comments
The song comprises the loosely connected memories of the narrator. Through them we're able to re-construct a part of his life and aspects of his character which he unintentionally gives away. Due to the order in which events are presented, it is not always certain precisely who is involved or when an event occurs. The effect is to license conflicting, albeit complementary, interpretations, and it will be in the light of these interpretations that the significance of the central theme – whether the past can be repeated – will become apparent.
The theme is inspired by F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby. One way of seeing the narrator is as a version of Fitzgerald's hero. Gatsby is in love with a woman who, since their enforced parting, has married someone else. Despite the husband's unfaithfulness, Gatsby fails to revive the former relationship. This failure is in part due to the snobbery of a social class to which he aspires but cannot belong, and in part to a hopeless belief that a happier past can be repeated. Dylan's narrator has a number of Gatsby's traits. Like Gatsby he is ostentatious, acquisitive, deceitful, and a social failure. And – crucially – like Gatsby he's undone by his determination to repeat the past by reviving a former relationship. His pursuit of a now married woman who rejects him brings out the worst in his character.
That's one way of seeing the narrator. But there is another which enables the theme of repeating the past to be explored in a way that goes beyond Fitzgerald's. As so often with Dylan, the song is a masterpiece of economy and a feature of this is the application of a single description of a wedding to two separate weddings. This facilitates an alternative interpretation according to which the narrator does succeed in marrying after all, and in so doing does repeat the past. What transpires, though, is that the resulting repetition is sterile, and at best part of an endless cycle of similarly sterile repetitions.
The analysis is in four main parts. The first three deal respectively with the underlying narrative, evidence for there being two weddings, and the theme of repeating the past. The fourth, and longest, part deals with the narrator's character.
The Underlying Narrative
We need, then, to see how the song explores the theme of repeating the past in a way which goes beyond Fitzgerald's approach. In order to do this, it will be best to begin by clarifying the narrative underlying the sometimes randomly ordered memories which comprise the song.
On one level of interpretation, and on the assumption that the plot begins by following Fitzgerald's, the narrator wants to marry a woman he has previously known. The woman, who is already married, says it's impossible but the narrator refuses to believe her:
'She says, "You can't repeat the past." I say, "You can't? What do you mean you can't? Of course you can."
The song details the narrator's attempts to impress but ends with his disillusionment and desire for revenge. He hasn't been able to repeat the past and marry the woman.
However, some doubt is cast on this straightforward interpretation by references to a wedding (v6), a wedding reception (v3), a businessman (v5) and a politician (v12). These references would suggest an alternative course of events. Whereas the novel begins with the woman already married, the song is taking us back to the celebrations accompanying that wedding. The groom is the businessman derided by the narrator in verse five, and the narrator is seen as a somewhat drunken guest at the reception. Sometime later, after the narrator has prised the woman away from the groom, he marries her. And sometime after that, a politician prises the woman away from the narrator who ends up disillusioned and vowing to get his revenge.
Evidence for Two Weddings
The Timing of the Reception
We might think that both the wedding alluded to in verse six and the reception described in verse three are part of one and the same celebration. But this isn't necessarily the case. There's no reason to assume that the reception of verse three is in any direct way connected with the wedding of verse six. In fact, if we assume that the narrator is recounting events in the order they occurred, the reception will have to be associated with an earlier wedding. It will have to have taken place before, not after, the events of verse three. In consequence, the wedding described in verse six will be a different, later wedding.
This account does depend on the narrator's recalling events in the order in which they occurred. Quite often, however, he seems to jump from one incident to another and then back again. If that's what's happening here, the order of the accounts no longer gives us reason to think there are two weddings. In that case, in order to establish that there are two weddings, we need independent evidence. This can be provided as follows.
It can be shown that the reception of verse three is connected with a wedding which is not the narrator's. This is worth doing because, even though it isn't in itself enough to show there there are two weddings, it will do so if it is combined with reasons for thinking the wedding of verse six is the narrator's.
That the groom at the reception is not the narrator is clear because otherwise the narrator who is proposing a toast, presumably to the groom, would be toasting himself.1 We know the person being toasted is the groom because he's described as 'the King' and this makes him related to the bride who, as we've been given some reason to believe, has 'royal Indian blood'.
That this royal relationship is not itself a blood relationship, but one by marriage, is clearly implied by there being no further mention of blood. And since there's no indication that the recipient of the toast is any other sort of blood relation, there can be little doubt that the marriage being celebrated is his and not the narrator's.
Verse Six
As noted above, the matter of there being two weddings will now be settled if it can be shown that the wedding which is the subject of verse six is the narrator's. One reason for taking it to be narrator's, is the third line:
'What looks good in the day, at night is another thing'
While on one level the narrator seems to be making a crude, general observation about sex, he might be seen as acknowledging that the marriage – his marriage – is a failure. He'd be lamenting that at night, when he and the woman are together alone, it's disastrous and that it only 'appears' to be good at other times. In the language of the title, the 'summer nights' are already gone and the 'summer days' only appear not to have.
A second reason for taking verse six to concern the narrator's marriage is that in verse two he can be taken to be telling us that he, as distinct from the groom, has
'Got a long-haired woman …'
It would be an odd thing to say if he weren't married to her, particularly since it's said in the context of domestic matters:
'I got a house on a hill, I got hogs all out in the mud'
Finally, verse twelve concerning the politician can be interpreted in a way which at least corroborates the view that the wedding of verse six is the narrator's. The politician, we're told has been:
'… suckin' the blood out of the genius of generosity'
The politician, we can surmise, is attempting to supplant the narrator in the woman's affections, so depriving him of her. On this account the 'blood' is either metaphorical and the narrator's, or else refers synecdochally to the woman, whom we've been told has 'royal Indian blood'. The blood might also represent a financial bribe, one going beyond what the narrator has willingly offered in the hope of seeing off the politician. Thus 'the genius of generosity' would be being self-referentially applied by the narrator to himself on the basis of the price he'd willingly offered. That the narrator is prepared to pay financially in the cause of love is backed up by his boast in a different context:
'My pockets are loaded and I'm spending every dime'
In the light of this the politician is best seen a rival threatening the narrator's marriage by playing the same predatory role the narrator played when the woman was married to the businessman. To that extent, even if it provides insufficient evidence on its own, it at least corroborates the view that verse six refers to the narrator's marriage.
All things considered there is, I suggest, adequate evidence for their being two weddings to the woman, the earlier one the businessman's and the later one the narrator's.
Theme of Repeating the Past
Importance of There Being Two Weddings
One significance of there being two weddings is that it enables a contrast to be brought out between the woman and the narrator with respect to the past being repeated. By marrying for a second time, the woman is not merely repeating the past but instead embarking on something new – a new relationship with a new person, the narrator. And when that relationship ends and she marries the politician, she will again be embarking on something new and so again not merely be repeating the past.
A parallel point can be made in connection with the politician. There being two weddings is significant in that it allows both the narrator's destruction of the first wedding and its repetition in the politician's destruction of the narrator's wedding. This repetition might lead us to think that the politician's wedding is also likely to be doomed. But again there's a difference. What for the narrator is a matter of trying to repeat the past in reviving an old relationship, for the politician is a matter of embarking on something new. Since the narrator ultimately fails with the woman, and the politician succeeds, it's reasonable to blame the outcome on the narrator's desire to repeat the past.
That the politician has a more effective attitude to the past than the narrator is also apparent in his being described as having:
'… no time to lose'
The phrase 'no time to lose' implies that for the politician once time is lost, it's lost forever. Its further significance is in drawing attention to the narrator's attitude to the past when he also refers to time:
'How can you say you love someone else when you know it's me all the time?'
Whereas the politician is not concerned about repeating the past but with making the most of the present, the narrator's 'all the time' implies that the woman can only love someone in the present if the relationship is a repeat of an earlier relationship with that person.
The main importance of there being two weddings, however, is that it enables the song to represent a modification of the view illustrated in The Great Gatsby that the past cannot be repeated. In the song the narrator does repeat the past – by reviving a defunct relationship with the woman. However the woman's claim that the past can't be repeated has no more been refuted in effect than the narrator's claim has been upheld. What the song does is clarify the sense in which the past cannot be repeated by showing that there's no meaningful sense in which it can. The narrator has achieved nothing by reviving the relationship because it is doomed to failure.
The Opening and Closing Verses
Particularly important for demonstrating the meaninglessness of the narrator's repetition of the past by marrying the woman is the relationship between the song's first and last verses. The verses are each of three lines and in each we find the following pair of statements:
'Summer days, summer nights are gone'
'I know a place where there's still somethin' going on'
It's not clear that the final verse's repetition of the pair indicates that the past is being repeated, however. It doesn't have to. It could be that the two verses are presenting the same pair of thoughts which were had just the once. Accordingly, the summer days and nights referred to in each verse would be identical, as would the place referred to and whatever it is that's 'going on'. Only if there were two separate pairs of thoughts, one in the first verse and one in the final verse, might the events referred to be different. If the events of the final verse are different events to those of the first verse, then – given their similarity – the later events can be said to repeat the earlier events.
The matter can be settled by noting that the middle line of each verse is subtly different. Whereas the first verse has:
'Summer days and the summer nights have gone',
as its middle line, the final verse simply has:
'Summer days, summer nights are gone'.
The addition of the phrase 'and the' in the first verse suggests that we're being given two distinct, albeit very similar, thoughts in the two middle lines. And that allows the possibility that the events alluded to in the final verse are different to the events alluded to in the first verse. In that case the past would have been repeated. What is happening is that at the end of another summer the narrator again bemoans its passing, but welcomes the thought that not everything is over.
Importantly, there's nothing to suggest that this repetition is a one-off. The fact that the events of one year are repeated the following year suggests that there'll be a similar repetition at the end of every autumn. The narrator will regret summer's passing, but find solace in whatever hasn't yet ended. He'll be repeating the past over and over again, but only in the sense that each year will be a carbon copy of the previous one. What's significant is that he'll have failed to repeat the past in any meaningful way. The creativity and originality which characterise doing something for the first time can't be repeated, and therefore the life of continuous repetition to which the narrator has condemned himself will be pointless.
The Narrator's Character
In addition to exploring the theme of the repeatability of the past, the song provides a detailed and subtle representation of the narrator's character. Considered below are three ways in which he can be seen to be flawed as a character. There's also an examination of possible causes of his state of mind. Along the way the significance of lines yet to be considered will become apparent.
The narrator is a show-off. But he's unsuccessful at it. At the reception he, perhaps drunkenly, makes himself the centre of attention by standing on the table, but doesn't get the response he's hoping for. This is made apparent by way of a slight change in the repeated line:
'Everybody get ready – lift up your glasses and sing'
which becomes:
'Everybody get ready to lift up your glasses and sing'
The difference is subtle but it changes the meaning considerably. The first line includes the order 'lift up your glasses and sing'- suggesting the narrator has confidence that he'll be obeyed. The second removes that order, replacing it with an order merely to prepare to do so. It seems like the climb down of someone less at ease socially than he'd like to think as he realises that his original request is being ignored.
The narrator is also drawing attention to himself by showing off his possessions. He fails again because, by their descriptions, these aren't up to much. There's a 'house on a hill' but it seems not to have anything about it to make it worth describing further. Despite the boast, we imagine a rather plain house on a rather plain hill. Equally curiously he goes on to mention his hogs.2 It seems that these possessions are in conflict with the sort of image he's trying to project. It may be significant that he changes the description of the hogs from 'out in the mud' to 'out lying in the mud'. Given some dubious claims he makes, which are mentioned below, one wonders whether he's unconsciously chosen a word which should warn us to be on our guard for signs of mendacity.
Another thing of which he's proud – and seems to treat as a possession in lumping her in with the house and the hogs – is the long-haired woman with her royal Indian blood. While at this point we can assume he has become 'the King' in being related by marriage to her, the pride he has in his possessions might show that he's seeing himself as a different sort of King. The possessions coupled with the title suggest he sees himself as some sort of Elvis, Elvis being 'King of pop'. This might explain the Cadillac, an expensive type of car of which Elvis owned several. The boast of eight carburettors seem unbelievable, however, and alas, the whole consequence of showing off comes crashing down when this 'worn out star' suffers the indignity of running out of petrol.
Given the 'eight carburettors' claim and that he's 'short on gas', one wonders whether the impression he wants to impart of being 'loaded' and 'spending every dime' represents the truth. Either way it's clear he thinks the woman can be won by the prospect of wealth. It doesn't work. He gets his comeuppance when, despite his efforts, she responds that she loves someone else.3
Immaturity
The narrator's showing off suggests an immaturity which is further apparent in his petulance and downright rudeness. In verse five he insensitively dismisses the man the woman says she loves as 'some old businessman'. And he begins the sentence in which he does this with the contemptuous 'What good are you anyway. …?' It's extraordinary that he thinks such an approach suitable for convincing the woman to marry him.
When told in verse seven that he can't repeat the past, he replies:
'"What do you mean you can't? Of course you can"'.
This is tellingly different from Gatsby's response to the same observation:
'"Can't repeat the past," he cried incredulously. "Why, of course you can."'
Whereas Gatsby is just incredulous, the narrator 's 'What do you mean you can't?', and the absence of the softening 'Why' before 'Of course you can', turn the response into a personal criticism, implying that the woman is stupid.4
There's more petulance in verse eight. The woman has apparently asked, presumably on first getting to know the narrator, about his background. This elicits the unexpectedly curt reply:
'Sorry that's nothin' you would need to know'
Clearly the narrator has something to hide – perhaps a criminal past, like Gatsby. Alternatively he may be embarrassed about his origins, also like Gatsby. Either way the response is rude.
There's a further curt reply, presumably to the same question, although we hear it in verse eleven:
'If it's information you want, you can go get it from the police'
The coldness of the response is added to by the unnecessarily dismissive addition of 'go' before 'get it'. The reply is defensive and particularly inappropriate because the woman is unlikely to be asking for 'information' in a sense which implies she's spying on him. If he wants her to marry him, it's reasonable for her to expect some transparency.
The narrator's immaturity is again shown in verse eleven when he says:
'You got something to say, speak or hold your peace
Well, you got something to say, speak now or hold your peace'
These lines are amusingly presented as a parody of those in a marriage ceremony where the celebrant asks if anyone knows any reason why the couple shouldn't marry. As it happens the woman has already spoken, and the ceremonial wedding language in which the narrator is made to couch his demand makes it clear he recognises the significance of what she'd said. What she'd said is why their marriage can't take place, namely that she loves someone else and that 'you can't repeat the past'.5
Immaturity is once again apparent at the end of the song. Verse thirteen ends:
'I'm counting on you, love, to give me a break.
Apparently, and understandably, the woman doesn't think she owes him 'a break'. We can assume she expects him to sort his own problems out. His immediate response is one of self-pity:
'Well, I'm leaving in the morning as soon as the dark clouds lift
This, however, immediately gives way to another petulant outburst:
'Gonna break the roof in – set fire to the place as a parting gift'
At first it sounds sinister. Unable to get her to give him a break, he says he'll provide a different type of break; he'll break the roof in. The adolescent nature of his stated intention is made all the more obvious by his implication that he can leave only once the clouds have lifted. Even if 'dark clouds' is a metaphor representing his state of mind, it's unclear why waiting for them to lift is necessary. One is inclined to conclude that he doesn't intend to leave at all. This would make the wanton vandalism no more than an empty threat, a rather pathetic attempt at emotional blackmail.
Inability to Face or Recognise the Truth
Another aspect of the narrator's character is his tendency to believe only what he wants to believe. He knows full well there's a threat to his marriage ('… there must be someone around') yet in what is apparently a response to the woman's reaction when he confronts her about the politician, he says:
'You been rolling your eyes – you been teasing me'
It would appear that the narrator cannot accept that her body language is confirming his suspicion. He deceives himself into passing off the relationship with the politician as mere 'teasing'. It's a temporary respite.
A further, perhaps less deliberate, case of his avoiding the truth occurs in verse seven in his response to the woman's comment about not being able to repeat the past. The verse begins:
'She's looking into my eyes …'
The description suggests sincerity, tenderness and depth on her part. The sincerity and tenderness are reinforced by the rest of the line:
'… she's holding my hand'.
Depth is indicated through the word 'into'. Perversely, however, the narrator sees the woman's demeanour as an indication of commitment when it's in fact the opposite. He fails to see that when she tells him 'you can't repeat the past' she's not making a comment about people generally, as his response implies, but means that he can't resurrect the relationship he once had with her. She understands where he in particular is going wrong. Looking into his eyes, she can see into his soul, as it were. She can see that his behaviour towards her is a vain attempt to resurrect the past, and her comment is to warn him that it can't be done.
Causes of the Narrator's State of Mind
It's clear that the underlying causes of the narrator's problems are to be found in his refusal to act and, when he does act, a refusal to accept responsibility for failure. Instead, he presents himself as powerless to bring about his aim. In verse five, he describes his situation metaphorically, with:
'The fog is so thick you can't even spy the land'
He is, as it were, all at sea, not knowing which way to turn to improve his prospects of winning the woman. Or so he convinces himself.
By verse fourteen, the fog has transmuted into 'dark clouds' which he assumes will lift. But if the dark clouds represent what he perceives as going wrong in his life, then it's unlikely they're going to lift – at least of their own accord.
Instead of acting, though, he puts the blame on the woman, implying in verse five that she's useless in not standing up to her husband – whom he derides as 'some old businessman'.
He also complains, in verse eight, that his back has long been to the wall, again suggesting he doesn't know which way to turn. And in the same verse he again implies, bitterly, that the fault is the woman's. The woman has broken his heart before, and she'd do it again just to spite him – 'for good luck'.
In verse ten he admits a lack of success. He claims to have his 'hammer ringin …':
'… but the nails ain't goin' down'
Since 'ringin'' takes up a previous reference to wedding bells, we can assume he means that although he's working on making her his wife, he's meeting with no success. Admittedly he doesn't blame the woman here, but it's notable that he doesn't blame himself either.
When towards the end he says:
'Standing by God's river, my soul is beginnin' to shake'
we can assume his dread is a result of his not feeling in control.
The song deals with two main issues – whether it's possible to repeat the past (Parts 1-3) and the narrator's character (Part 4).
The narrator, whose character is seen through a series of random and temporally dislocated memories, is a development of F. Scott Fitzgerald's Gatsby. While sharing some of Gatsby's characteristics, he comes across as weaker than Fitzgerald's protagonist. They both have an inordinate love of their possessions, and a desire for a married woman. They both fail, too, and in part for the same reason – their rejecting the same good advice. But among differences between them is the narrator's habitual petulance and rudeness, his inability to cope, his failure to accept what's happening, his inappropriate extrovert behaviour, and his too easily giving in to circumstances. He's also different in that he seems interested in the woman primarily for what she represents in terms of social standing, sex, and her ability to give him 'a break'. There's little, if any, evidence of genuine, emotional attachment.
The main theme of the song is whether or not the past is repeatable. Although it's borrowed from The Great Gatsby, it leads to a broader conclusion. It's in part on the back of the different interpretations allowed by the disordered presentation of the narrator's memories– notably of the verses concerning a wedding and a reception – that the broader conclusion regarding the repeatability of the past is reached. While the song too shows how the past cannot be repeated, it simultaneously allows us to see what the consequence of such repetition would be. It would be to achieve nothing beyond further pointless repetition – at least where the original repetition is so exact as to allow no advance to have been made. Nevertheless, some repetitions are presented in a more positive light. These are where they're inexact, thus allowing the new situation to be an advance on the old. Interestingly, the song itself in the way it's structured provides several examples of repetitions of this second sort. Lines, though repeated are often not repeated exactly, so that they acquire a different meaning. And the final verse, in repeating the first verse inexactly, likewise acquires a different meaning – albeit one that reinforces the view that exact repetitions of the past lead to stagnation.
Once he has himself married the woman, he does of course become the King.
That the house is 'on a hill' may be significant. The hill, being three-dimensional, contrasts with the two-dimensional flats in '… I'm drivin' in the flats in a Cadillac car'. The suggestion would be that there's more to ordinary, humdrum married life with house and pigs than to the superficially more attractive, but showy life of the bachelor. (Note added 5.8.2019)
From the remaining verses in which we see the narrator vowing to leave after wreaking revenge, it would seem that this willingness to use money to achieve his end fails just as it did earlier when he'd been 'spending every dime'.
For those who see Dylan as simply plagiarising when he lifts lines from other works, the use here of the Fitzgerald conversation about repeating the past provides a very obvious instance of its not being the case.
The word 'something' in 'You got something to say …' is significant here. It can be taken as referring back its use in the first verse – 'I know a place where there's still somethin' going on' – and so suggests that the narrator is guilty of blindly assuming that what's going on is favourable to him. A similar point can be made about the word 'going' in 'the nails ain't goin' down'. He just assumes that what's going on is to his benefit, yet the use of the phrase 'goin' down' in connection with the recalcitrant nails suggests that he's miscalculated.
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New Pony December 23, 2016
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Cartilage Defect Treatment Using High-Density Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: Two-Year Follow-up
Por Fundacionabril 12, 2017Sin Comentario
Publicado en: Cartilage
Objective. The aim of this work was to study the short- and mid-term effectiveness and safety of high-density autologous chondrocyte implantation (HD-ACI) in the first 50 patients with knee cartilage damage treated in our unit. Design. Fifty consecutive patients with cartilage lesions (Outerbridge grade III-IV) in the knee treated with HD-ACI were included in this study. Chondrocytes were isolated from a nonbearing cartilage area biopsy and were cultured until 40 to 50 million cells were obtained. Five million chondrocytes per cm2 of a porcine collagen type I/III membrane were implanted covering the defect. Procedure effectiveness was assessed by evaluating pain, swelling, and range of mobility (flexion and extension) at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective evaluation form was used to evaluate symptoms and functions of the knee. Results. The percentage of patients with pain and swelling decreased progressively in the following visits, with differences being statistically significant (P < 0.001 and P = 0.040, respectively). IKDC scores improved progressively throughout the 24-month follow-up (P < 0.001). Thus, the mean IKDC score improvement was 26.3 points (95% confidence interval [CI] = 18.2-34.4 points) at 12 months and 31.0 points (95% CI = 22.9-39 points) at 24 months. No significant differences were found when performing extension (P = 0.112). Flexion significantly improved by 25.1° at 24-month follow-up (P = 0.013). Conclusions. HD-ACI is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of cartilage defects, improving clinical and subjective perception of knee functionality. These preliminary results encourage future studies comparing this technique with traditional ACI.
J.M. López-Alcorocho, L. Aboli, I. Guillén-Vicente, E. Rodriguez Iñigo, M. Guillén-Vicente, T. F. Fdez.-Jaén, S. Arauz, S. Abelow and P. Guillén-García. "Cartilage Defect Treatment Using High-Density Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: Two-Year Follow-up" Cartilage 1-7 DOI:10.1177/1947603517693045
Link: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1947603517693045
Interspecies chimerism with mammalian pluripotent stem cells
Publicado en: Cell
Interspecies blastocyst complementation enables organ-specific enrichment of xenogenic pluripotent stem cell (PSC) derivatives. Here, we establish a versatile blastocyst complementation platform based on CRISPR-Cas9-mediated zygote genome editing and show enrichment of rat PSC-derivatives in several tissues of gene-edited organogenesis-disabled mice. Besides gaining insights into species evolution, embryogenesis, and human disease, interspecies blastocyst complementation might allow human organ generation in animals whose organ size, anatomy, and physiology are closer to humans. To date, however, whether human PSCs (hPSCs) can contribute to chimera formation in non-rodent species remains unknown. We systematically evaluate the chimeric competency of several types of hPSCs using a more diversified clade of mammals, the ungulates. We find that naïve hPSCs robustly engraft in both pig and cattle pre-implantation blastocysts but show limited contribution to post-implantation pig embryos. Instead, an intermediate hPSC type exhibits higher degree of chimerism and is able to generate differentiated progenies in post-implantation pig embryos.
J.Wu,A.Platero-Luengo, M.Sakurai, A. Sugawara, M. A. Gil, T. Yamauchi, K.Suzuki, Y.S. BGoglioti, C. Cuello,M. Morales, D. Okumura, J. Luo, M. Vilariño, I.Parrillo, D. A.Soto, C.A. Martinez, T. Hishida, S. Sanchez-Bautista, M. llanos Martinez, H. Wang, A. Nohalez, E. Aizawa, P. Martinez-Redondo, A. Ocampo, P. Reddy, J. Roca, E. A.Maga, C. Rodriguez Esteban, W. Travis, E. Nuñez Delicado, J. Lajara, I.Guillén, P. Guillén, J. Campistol, E. A. Martinez, P. J. Ross an J.C. Izpisúa "Interspecies chimerism with mammalian pluripotent stem cells" Cell 168, 1-14 January 26, 2017.
Link: http://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(16)31752-4?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867416317524%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
In vivo genome editing via CRISPR-Cas9 mediated homology-independent targeted integration
Publicado en: Nature
Targeted genome editing via engineered nucleases is an exciting area of biomedical research and holds potential for clinical applications. Despite rapid advances in the field, in vivo targeted transgene integration is still infeasible because current tools are inefficient1, especially for non-dividing cells, which compose most adult tissues. This poses a barrier for uncovering fundamental biological principles and developing treatments for a broad range of genetic disorders2. Based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9)3, 4 technology, here we devise a homology-independent targeted integration (HITI) strategy, which allows for robust DNA knock-in in both dividing and non-dividing cells in vitro and, more importantly, in vivo (for example, in neurons of postnatal mammals). As a proof of concept of its therapeutic potential, we demonstrate the efficacy of HITI in improving visual function using a rat model of the retinal degeneration condition retinitis pigmentosa. The HITI method presented here establishes new avenues for basic research and targeted gene therapies.
Suzuki, K., Tsunekawa, Y., Hernandez-Benitez, R., Wu, J., Zhu, J., Kim, E., Hatanaka, F., Yamamoto, M., Araoka, T., Li, Z., Kurita, M., Hishida, T., Li, M., Aizawa, E., Chen, S., Goebl, A., Soligalla, R.D., Qu, J., Jiang, T., Skowronska-Krawczyk, D., Rodriguez Esteban, C., Lajara, J., Nuñez, E., Guillen, P., Campistol, J.M., Matsuzaki, F., Liu, G.-H., Magistretti, P., Zhang, K., Callaway, E., Zhang, K and Izpisua Belmonte, J.C. "In vivo genome editing via CRISPR-Cas9 mediated homology-independent targeted integration" Nature 540, 144-149 (01 December 2016).
Link: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v540/n7631/full/nature20565.html
In vivo amelioration of age-associated hallmarks by partial reprogramming
Aging is the major risk factor for many human diseases. In vitro studies have demonstrated that cellular reprogramming to pluripotency reverses cellular age, but alteration of the aging process through reprogramming has not been directly demonstrated in vivo. Here, we report that partial reprogramming by short-term cyclic expression of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) ameliorates cellular and physiological hallmarks of aging and prolongs lifespan in a mouse model of premature aging. Similarly, expression of OSKM in vivo improves recovery from metabolic disease and muscle injury in older wild-type mice. The amelioration of age-associated phenotypes by epigenetic remodeling during cellular reprogramming highlights the role of epigenetic dysregulation as a driver of mammalian aging. Establishing in vivo platforms to modulate age-associated epigenetic marks may provide further insights into the biology of aging.
Alejandro Ocampo, Pradeep Reddy, Paloma Martínez-Redondo, Aida Platero-Luengo, Fumiyuki Hatanaka, Tomoaki Hishida, Mo Li, David Lam, Masakazu Kurita, Ergin Beyret, Toshikazu Araoka, Eric Vázquez-Ferrer, David Donoso, José Luis Román , Jinna Xu, Concepción Rodríguez-Esteban, , Gabriel Núñez, Estrella Nuñez Delicado, Josep María Campístol, Isabel Guillén, Pedro Guillén and Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte. "In vivo amelioration of age-associated hallmarks by partial reprogramming" Cell 167, 1-15. December 15, 2016.
Link: http://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(16)31664-6 _returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867416316646%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
Intraarticular administration of Dobesilate for the Treatment of Knee Rheumatoid Arthritis
Publicado en: M.OJ Clin Med Case Rep
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory condition that causes a negative effect in patient well-being. Fibroblast growth factor participates in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis through its proliferative, inflammatory and angiogenic activities. Dobesilate, an inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor shows marked anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities. Our study shows that intraarticular application of dobesilate is effective in reducing symptoms and signs in patients with chronic knee rheumatoid arthritis.
Cuevas P, Fernández-Jaén T, Guillen P, Angulo J, Giménez-Gallego G (2016) "Intraarticular administration of Dobesilate for the Treatment of Knee Rheumatoid Arthritis". M.OJ Clin Med Case Rep 5(1):00119 (2016)
Link: http://medcraveonline.com/MOJCR/MOJCR-05-00119.php
3D Culture Supports Long-Term Expansion of Mouse and Human Nephrogenic Progenitors.
Publicado en: Cell Stem Cell
Transit-amplifying nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) generate all of the nephrons of the mammalian kidney during development. Their limited numbers, poor in vitro expansion, and difficult accessibility in humans have slowed basic and translational research into renal development and diseases. Here, we show that with appropriate 3D culture conditions, it is possible to support long-term expansion of primary mouse and human fetal NPCs as well as NPCs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Expanded NPCs maintain genomic stability, molecular homogeneity, and nephrogenic potential in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Cultured NPCs are amenable to gene targeting and can form nephron organoids that engraft in vivo, functionally couple to the host's circulatory system, and produce urine-like metabolites via filtration. Together, these findings provide a technological platform for studying human nephrogenesis, modeling and diagnosing renal diseases, and drug discovery.
Zhogwei Li, Toshikazu Araoka, Jun Wu, Hsin-Kai Liao, Mo Li, Marta Lazo, Bing Zhou, Yinghui ui, Min-Zu Wu, Isao Tamura, Yu Xia, Ergin Beyret, Taiji Matsusaka, Ira Pastan, Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban, Isabel Guillén, Pedro Guillén, Josep M. Campistol, and Juan Carlos Izpisúa Belmonte. "3D Culture Supports Long-Term Expansion of Mouse and Human Nephrogenic Progenitors. Cell Stem Cell (2016), volume 19, Issue 4, p516, 6 October 2016
Link: http://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/abstract/S1934-5909(16)30211-9?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1934590916302119%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
Identifying injury: "A retrospective cohort study based on information and communication technology".
Publicado en: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery
Maryem I.; Bejarano, P; Villafañe, J.H, Ph.D, Msc; Lopez-Alcorocho, J.M.; Fernandez-Jaén, T.F., Guillén-Vicente, I.; Guillén-Garcia, P. "Identifying
injury: "A retrospective cohort study based on information and communication technology". Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery
Case Report: Efficacy of dobesilate in insertional Achilles tendinopathy
Publicado en: F1000research
Achilles tendinopathy is an overuse syndrome, common among runners, with sometimes considerable negative impact on their performance, overall health, and well-being. Our report shows that local injection of an aqueous solution of the diethylammonium salt of dobesilate, an inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor with significant anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects, is effective in reducing vascular density and pain in insertional Achilles tendinopathy.
Cuevas P., Fernández-Jaen, T., Guillén, P. Angulo, J.y Giménez-Gallego, G. "Case Report:Efficacy of dobesilate in insertional Achilles tendinopathy" F1000research (2016), doi: 10.12688/f1000research.7260.1
Link: https://f1000research.com/articles/5-34/v1
Viability of pathologic cartilage fragments as a source for autologous chondrocyte
To study if a culture of chondrocytes can be obtained from pathologic hyaline cartilage (PHC) fragments.
Twenty-five men and 9 women with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in 11 cases, arthrosis in 13 patients, and trauma in the remaining 10 cases were included. The PHC fragments and a small sample of the next healthy cartilage were extracted by arthroscopy. According to the appearance, the PHC samples were divided into fixed (3 cases), flapped (6 patients), or loose bodies (25 cases), depending on the attachment degree of the cartilage to the subchondral bone. Approximately half of each pathologic sample and the whole healthy one were digested to isolate the cells trying to establish the cell culture.
We were able to establish a cell culture in 7 out of 34 (20.6%) PHC samples (positive samples), whereas in the remaining 27 (79.4%) no cell growth was observed (negative samples). Most of the negative samples were loose bodies (P = 0.005) taken from patients with OCD or arthrosis (P = 0.001) with an evolution time of more than 1 year (P < 0.001). The best binary logistic regression model (P < 0.001) showed that the only factor affecting the establishment of cell culture was the evolution time (P = 0.044).
It is possible to culture chondrocytes from osteochondral fragments if they are traumatic, within a year of injury and not from fragments due to arthrosis or OCD.
Guillen García, P., Rodriguez Iñigo, E. Guillén Vicente, I, Guillén Vicente, M., Fernández Jaén, T. Concejero López, V. Val, Maestro, A. Abelow, S. y López-Alcorocho, J.M. "Viability of pathologic cartilage fragments as a source for autologous chondrocyte" Cartilage Vol. 7(2) 149-156 DOI: 10.1177/1947603515621998. SAGE (2016).
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4797241/
Nuestra experiencia con la técnica de implante de condrocitos autólogos para el tratamiento de lesiones condrales: resultados de 50 pacientes a 2 años de seguimiento
Publicado en: Rev. Esp. Artroscopia y Cirugía Articular.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the clinical results of the matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) technique on chondral defects of the knee and ankle. A study was conducted on 150 patients treated with MACI (performed by the same team of surgeons in all cases) during 2002-2007.
The lesion was evaluated by arthroscopy, and a cartilage biopsy was taken. The cellular implant was performed by arthroscopy in 53 patients, and by open surgery in the remaining cases. The results were measured following an in-house clinical protocol. Data corresponding to a mean follow-up period of 24 months were available in 50 out of the 150 implanted patients. Histological studies were performed in a second biopsy taken by arthroscopy in 5 patients 2 years after cell implantation.
In 89% of patients without previous surgeries, and in 66% of patients with previous surgeries, the results were good or excellent for pain and motion, and most of them were able to return to their previous physical activities, including professional sport. Histological studies performed on a second biopsy showed that the new tissue is hyaline-like cartilage with lower cell numbers and subjectively softer than normal cartilage.
Arthroscopic MACI is a promising procedure to treat chondral lesions in the knee and ankle, although the histological analysis suggests that increasing cellular dosage would improve the results of the technique.
The importance of this study is that it presents an increased number of patients with chondral lesion treated with MACI. A high number of these patients were treated with arthroscopic MACI. In the present study it is shown that the treatment gives good results.
Guillen Garcia, P., Rodriguez Iñigo, E., Arauz de Robles, S., Guillén Vicente, M. Guillen Vicente, I. Caballero Santos, R., Ramos Martin, T., Fernández Jaén, T. Abelow, S. y J.M. López-Alcorocho. "Nuestra experiencia con la técnica de implante de condrocitos autólogos para el tratamiento de lesiones condrales: resultados de 50 pacientes a 2 años de seguimiento". Rev. Esp. Artroscopia y Cirugía Articular. 22(3):120-125 (2015)
Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2386312915000833

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Located approximately fifty miles northwest of Oklahoma City, Geary is situated in Blaine County at the junction of U.S. Highways 270 and 281. The area was first opened to non-Indian occupation during the Cheyenne-Arapaho Opening in April 1892. A townsite company bought two quarter sections of land from Shubell Huff and his son William, who had filed claims after the land opening. The community was first located one and one-half miles northwest of its present site. When the settlers learned that the Choctaw, Oklahoma and Gulf Railroad that was being built west from El Reno would miss that location, they moved southeast toward the railroad line. The town was named for Edmund Guerrier, a scout and an interpreter for the U.S. Army. Guerrier, who was of French and Cheyenne descent, had an allotment three miles northeast of the townsite. Because Guerrier was difficult to pronounce, the town's name became Geary. A post office was established on October 12, 1892.
Businesses and churches rapidly appeared. In fall 1898 Jacob S. Krehbiel, a Mennonite missionary, had his church building moved from near his home north of Geary into town. In 1899 the Presbyterians constructed a frame building on Blaine Avenue. The congregation disbanded in 1916, and the church remained vacant until 1921 when the Church of Christ purchased it.
As a trade center for the local agricultural area the town was designated a "first class city" in 1902 when the population of 2,561 exceeded the two thousand requirement. By 1907 statehood the population had declined to 1,565. Local citizens patronized a dry goods store, grocery stores, hardware stores, three lumberyards, three banks, and two bakeries. The town also supported a rooming house, a flour mill, a broom factory, a bottling works, cotton gins, grain elevators, and eleven saloons. A telephone system and electric power were soon established. Early newspapers, such as the Geary Bulletin and the Geary Journal, informed the citizens. The First National Bank, known as "the oldest bank in Blaine County," was the first business constructed in the new town. Beeks Erick founded the bank, and John Dillon served as its first president. In 1903 G. F. Gillespie built the Bank of Commerce, later known as the American State Bank. Although the bank failed during the Great Depression, the Gillespie Building, listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NR 89001963), houses the Canadian Rivers Historical Museum.
By 1912 Geary was served by the Postal Highway, which later became part of U.S. Highway 66 (Route 66). In 1928 Andrew Payne, winner of the Bunion Derby, came through Geary on that highway. Located eight miles northeast of Geary, the site of Jesse Chisholm's grave was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 (NR 71000658). The U.S. Census registered 1,167 inhabitants in 1920, 1,488 in 1940, 1,416 in 1960, and 1,700 in 1980. At the turn of the twenty-first century Geary had an aldermanic town government, and its population of 1,258 was served by the weekly Geary Star. The U.S. Census found 1,280 residents in 2010.
"Geary," Vertical File, Research Division, Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City.
Merle Rinehart, "Geary," The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=GE001.


September marks the end of the cruise season in Alaska and it was another memorable experience for my clients this year. I love seeing their photos and hearing about their adventures from this fascinating destination. Each year, Alaska becomes more "hot" and desirable - so if you don't have it on your list... make sure to add this as a top priority for your bucket list. No matter your age, you will fall in love with Alaska and the experiences it brings you. It's a great generational trip as well - grandparents, parents, kids and grandkids together - it's an amazing, cultural, and educational experience for everyone - which the family will discuss for a lifetime!
Alaskan cruises on large cruise lines will leave you feeling as though you're being transported via a floating city. This is the most luxurious way to cruise and a few of the top lines that cruise here are Princess Cruise Line, Celebrity and Royal Caribbean.
These boats will traditionally cost you more per ticket, but you'll get a more intimate look at some of the ports that the big lines simply can't get to. The flexibility you'll enjoy with scheduling is also important to note as these boats offer more itineraries annually than the bigger cruise boats do. What you lose in amenities and size you'll get back by way of a more personalized and genuine experience.
When to Travel to Alaska?
The most popular time to go on Alaska cruises is June, July and August. This is when the weather is warmest in the area, but popularity has its drawbacks. Not only will this be the most expensive time to visit, it's also the time that is hardest to secure a cabin. Book early if you want your choice of accommodations and keep in mind the balcony cabins typically sell out first.
May and September are considered the shoulder season, but traveling in these months comes with a word of caution as well. Yes, the tickets will be cheaper, but during this time the weather is less predictable and could cause delays and rarely, even cancellations of trips. Although traveler's insurance is always a good idea, it's even more important that you have it should you choose to travel in May or September as some cruise line policies make it harder to get refunds and re-scheduling for travel interruptions due to weather.
The bigger lines generally don't travel here in the winter months, but some smaller lines cruise Alaska in the month of April. It can still be cold and weather conditions could cause travel interruptions during this month as well, but it can also be the cheapest time to book.


If you've ever wondered what country showers the most and bathes the least, then this infographic has all the information you need to get wised up on the bathing habits of the world. Featuring glimpses into countries all around the globe, with an insight into every continent, the post focuses on everything from washing style to favourite products, from traditional bathing habits to interesting country specific facts.
So delve into the soapy – or not so soapy – suds of this infographic to get to grips with global bathing habits and whether your own habits fit into the country you're from, or whether they're actually far more suited to a different country altogether.
Whether your preference is an invigorating morning sprint in the shower or a sleepy soak in a bath of fragrant bubbles, chances are your bathing preferences are similar to the rest of the people that live in your country. In this infographic we've taken a quick peek behind the shower curtain of the world's bathers to see exactly when and how they go about getting themselves squeaky clean.
Daily Shower Stats – 63% of women and 58% of men shower once a day.
Weekly Bathing Breakdown – On average British citizens have 5 showers and 3 baths a week.
Lovely Bubbly – The Cadogan Hotel in Knightsbridge, London offers a £25000 bath of Dom Perignon champagne.
Bargain Browsers – Brit's tend to buy bathing products that claim to have moisturising properties and will stockpile certain products that are on a particularly good promotion.
Shower Stats – Speed showers. The average length of time spend showering is 2 to 5 minutes.
Keeping it classic – There is a renewed interest and loyalty in Spain to use products that older generations favoured, such as Moussel shower gel.
Weekly Bathing Breakdown: On average Spanish citizens have 7 showers and 2 baths a week.
Weekly bathing breakdown – On average French citizens have 7 showers and 2 baths a week.
Daily shower stats – 76% of women and 71% of men shower once a day.
Though statistics show that the French buy a mere 600g of soap per ear, this does not take into account the French habit of buying blocks of cheap kitchen soap to use in the shower.
Daily Shower Stats – 61% of women and 35% of men shower once a day.
Versatility Wins: The multifunctional nature of Avon Products ZAO SPA series cream shower gel is popular in Russia.
1 in 5 Russian citizens have no water supplies in their houses and so shower only once a week.
Daily Shower Stats – 30% of women and 221% of men shower once a day.
Weekly Bathing Breakdown – On average Chinese citizens have 5 showers and 3 baths a week.
Traditional Bathing is Best: In some circles, traditional bathing habits are still carried out. Exfoliating with bath towels after washing. Using public baths. Not showering for a month after giving birth.
Weekly Bathing Breakdown – 7 India has the most weekly baths globally.
In a country where you can't count on running water, the vast majority of people bathe using a bucket of water and a plastic pitcher to pour the water over head and body.
Natural Remedies: Bathing twice a day is common when it's hot and hair grooming is particularly important, including oiling the hair with coconut oil.
Firm Favourites: Lifebuoy and Lux, by Hindustan Unilever, are favourite products in the country.
Weekly Bathing Breakdown – On average Japanese citizens have 5 showers and 6 baths a week.
Nature Bathing: Hot springs, or onsen, are highly popular.
Hair Care – Dry shampoo does not exist in Japan and there is a firm belief that you should wash your hair each time you use product.
Anti-bac is best – Antibacterial liquid soap which encourages the growth of good bacteria, such as Lion's Kirei Kirei, is growing in popularity in line with Japan's obsession with hygiene.
Weekly Shower Stats: On average men shower 7 times and women 6 times per week.
1 Trillion Gallons of Water: The amount used solely for showering in the United States with showers lasting for an average 13 minutes.
Preferred products - Dove body washes have seen a rise in sales in the last year.
Shower Power – Kevin 'Cat Fish' McCarthy set a world record on the 12th April 1985 by completing a 341 hour shower at Buffalo State College.
Weekly bathing breakdown – On average Mexican citizens have 8 showers and 3 baths a week.
Daily Shower Stats – 90% of women and 88% of men shower once a day.
Hair care: Mexicans and Japanese people come closest to fully sanitizing their hair each time they wash.
Favourite products – Dove and St Ives are popular makes in Mexico.
Weekly Shower Stats – On average Brazilian citizens shower 12x per week.
Shower Etiquette: It is not uncommon for Brazilians to shower 5x per day. It's also common etiquette to offer guests regular showers.
Brushing is best: Almost everyone in Brazil brings a toothbrush and a toothpaste with them everywhere they go and they brush their teeth at work after lunch.
Weekly Shower Stats – On average South African citizens shower 7x per week. 2% confess to sharing a shower with somebody else!
Top Brands: The most loved makes in South Africa include Lux, Sun and Lifebuoy.
Shower Stats – On average Australian citizens shower 8x per week.
Average Showering Times in Australia: Women – 7.27 minutes on week days and 8.08 minutes on weekends. Men 6.99 minutes on week days and 7.34 minutes on weekends.
Out with soap: Australians will use shower gels more often than bar soap and exfoliate more often. Colgate-Palmolive is the preferred brand, in all of its product styles.
Keep it cool – Showers will often be cold out of choice, as a refreshing respite from the often tropical heat and outdoor showers often adjoin the beach.
What Kind Of Bath Time Toys Are Best For Your Baby?
Will Shower Toilets Ever Take Off in The UK?
What are the benefits of soft close toilet seats?
Why Should You Include an Electric Shower When Re-modelling Your Bathroom?
Decorating the Bathroom: Painting or Wallpaper?


McGranaghan Estate Agents are delighted to bring to the rental market this ground floor apartment in the Malone Road area.
Well presented throughout; this superior ground floor apartment is situated within a prime location off the Malone Road. The beautiful property is ideal to suit any young, professional couples requirements or alternatively an older couple seeking a quiet lifestyle. Internally benefiting from bright and airy accommodation comprising spacious lounge, fully fitted modern kitchen, two good size bedrooms and a luxurious shower suite. The property has the added bonus of gas fired central heating and double glazed windows. Externally the property benefits from designated car parking.


I pick up my oboe and English horn tomorrow, after having left them in the shop for a rather good amount of time. I knew I had no work all summer (rats) and this would be a perfect time to be away from them.
I'm glad I really love to teach (most of the time: recently there have been a few students who have pretty much refused to practice and that makes it less enjoyable). In case any readers think I make enough to survive with my performing groups please know my main source of income is actually teaching, NOT performing! I would, in fact, make a better income if I gave up performing all together and filled rehearsal and performance time with students. Crazy, isn't it?
Cannon plays the contra monster, a leather bassoon played with a crook and double reed. It has an in-built control panel to allow her to guide the electronic effects.


The Duke of Bedford Pre-School is at the heart of the Duke of Bedford Primary School and is a purpose-built setting, originally the Local Authority Children's Centre, which has been designed with the well-being and development of young children in mind. Our committed Pre-School team, led by our Head of EYFS and Pre-School Manager, deliver quality learning experiences following the Early Years Foundation Stage curriculum and continually assess each child's development and achievements to ensure their individual needs are met.
The Duke of Bedford Pre-School provides high quality care and education to children from their early years through to the beginning of their primary school career, preparing them with all the tools they will need to achieve their potential. It is an integral part of Duke of Bedford Primary School's whole education offer for families, providing a wide range of support, firm in the belief that all children deserve the best possible start to life and learning.
If you would like to contact our Pre-School, enquire about places or wish to book a visit, please contact our Pre-School Manager, Mrs Katrina Miller-Smith on 01733 270095, or our school office on 01733 270243.


INJECT was made for busy journalists who are increasingly under pressure to deliver more content with less resources.
Using powerful algorithms to unveil relevant and useful information hidden in archives, INJECT helps journalists to find new angles for stories, and to investigate further and deeper into the background of the stories they are working on.
It enables reporters to select, verify and account for their facts, as well as, to make creative search techniques and explanatory background fast and easy to use for enriched reporting.
INJECT will officially launch at the Cass Innovate conference, 4th May 2017.
INJECT uses creativity techniques based on Natural Language Processing (NLP). Reporters can use the tool to research widely and quickly via various databases. This provides journalists with broader online queries beyond conventional search engines. This also enables more efficient workflows within the user's news outlets.
The software will be built directly into content management systems and will also include functionality that brings articles to life with interactive fact cards. INJECT also scans texts for keywords and automatically links them to additional information.
George Brock, Professor of Journalism, said, "INJECT aims to do something which no other software for journalism attempts: to combine creative search techniques and ways of telling the reader more about background and sources. And this help is easy to use and fast."
The project incorporates the Google-funded JUICE project that began in 2016 at City, University of London, as a collaboration between the Centre for Creativity in Professional Practice at the Cass Business School and the Journalism Department.
Broader research into new tools for journalists won an EU Horizon 2020 grant of €1m, and the INJECT project started its work in January 2017.
The consortium formed to improve competitiveness of the European media through increased journalist creativity and productivity brings together 14 newspapers, universities, journalist networks, web companies, journalist trainers and organizations from across six European countries.


Memorial & Mourning Armbands - For Adults and Children.
Black polyester/cotton and nylon arm bands designed to be worn as a mark of respect at funerals, memorials, remembrance services for loved ones or paying tribute to a sports team member or group member.
These custom made polycotton black mourning armbands are available in a range of sizes to fit, whatever your size and requirements.
Plain and pre printed as standard but they can also be personalised with your own text messages or graphics, call for more information.
Other Childs and Adults Armbands also available.


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Top 10 Mac OSX Games 2015
Sep 10, 2015 Dennis Patrick
Here are the ten best Mac OSX games of 2015, ranging from RPGs and adventure games to action titles.
Grim Fandango first released back in 1998 where it received positive reviews. Now fast forward to earlier this year, the video game once again hit markets with a newly remastered edition. If you've never played Grim Fandango, the game is a point and click adventure that focuses on Manny Calavera. Manny has a unique job as he sells packages to souls on their four-year journey to everlasting eternal rest. However, when Manny gets tangled into a conspiracy that may threaten his own salvation, players must untangle the web and clear Manny's name.
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The communications at Mount Zion range from the traditional to the modern: the Sunday bulletin (which can be found below), a bi-monthly newsletter (the current issue below), our Facebook feed, this website, and You Tube.
The traditional bulletin on Sunday morning has the Order of Worship and announcements for upcoming events. It is available in both printed and electronic format.
The bi-monthly newsletter, in both printed and electronic format, has feature articles written by the chairperson(s) of the various committees, a message from the pastor, a calendar of upcoming events, a calendar of birthdays and anniversaries, and articles pertaining to mission opportunities. The chairperson of each committee is encouraged to keep the congregation informed of what is being planned or accomplished.
Our Facebook feed is aimed at notifying "friends" of the church about upcoming events as well as giving the "public" a view into what activities are occurring. We hope to attract young families to Mount Zion with the features posted on this website. It is difficult to give the reader a "feel" for what our church is like, so on some pages we let pictures communicate. Remember the old adage "a picture is worth a thousand words".
Young families should check out our You Tube videos and our website pages, especiallyCHILDREN'S ACTIVITIES.
"The Grapevine", our bi-monthly newsletter is published six times per year. The articles are written by the pastor, the officers of the church, and the chairs of the church committees.
All officers of the church and committee chairs are encouraged to communicate their activities using the church's e-mail address.
Printed submissions may also be left in the "Newsletter" mailbox in the church office.
Church members and attendees are encouraged to submit articles for publication that pertain to church activities or themes related to our faith, outreach, patriotism, or community events.
The editors reserve the right to accept or reject submissions, as well as to make minor changes in the articles prior to publication.
We will have our annual Blessing of the Backpacks on Sunday, August 19, 2018, the day before school starts for the students.
Do you read The Upper Room Daily Devotional Guide? When you do, you pray with millions of people around the world, in 35 languages, in 100 different countries. Learn how it all began!
We collect and donate school supplies to Central Academy of the Arts to help children who are less fortunate. Here's a list of what the children will need for the upcoming school year.
Click on the link below to view the 2018-2019 supply list for all grade levels at Central Academy of the Arts. This list can also be found on the school's website. As a friendly reminder, South Carolina's tax free weekend is August 3rd-5th.


text:
Q: Printing 4 columns to A4 I want to print 4 columns onto an A4 sheet of paper to create an instructional pamphlet that can be folded up.  Unfortunately Google Docs only supports up to 3 columns.
I am using Google Docs and have set the page size to exactly the size of 1/4th an A4 in landscape, which is really great for layout and word processing.
Here is our document to be printed.
Now how can I get this printed side by side on an A4 page in landscape?  Is there a PDF tool I can use to splice my pages together?  Or perhaps a printing tool that will let me arrange them side by side?
We do not have access to MS Word, Excel or any paid-for Adobe products.  Preferably I'd like to do this at no cost, but willing to pay if necessary.

A: You can use the PDF-XChange editor. It is free to use and also well mantained.
Open your file, go to File > Print. Click on page setup, select A4 size and Landscape orientation. Next, under Page placement and scalings select Type to Multiple pages per sheet. Now, enter 4 by 1 in Pages per sheet. You can change other printing settings if you want to. Final settings will look like this:

You can also use the free version of Foxit Reader for the purpose.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Made from titanium these aren't you father's hooks. They weigh only 3.4 grams and will hold up to 1000 pounds. They replace the whoopie bead with a hook that will "snap" on to 7/64ths amsteel. They are easy to connect, easy to disconnect but will stay on until you disconnect them.
Made from titanium these aren't you father's hooks. They weigh only 3.4 grams and will hold up to 1000 pounds. They replace the whoopie bead with a hook that will "snap" on to 7/64ths amsteel. They are easy to connect, easy to disconnect but will stay on until you disconnect them. This Kit includes: 1 Pair Whoopie Hooks and 1 Pair 6 foot whoopie sling made from 7/64ths amsteel with the whoopie hook already spliced on as well as 8″ continuous loops. Dutch Clips are also available for the complete Dutchware bling set-up and if chosen will be sewn on unless otherwise specified.
Note:– Custom Amsteel Colors available.
-Tree Huggers have 3″ loops sewn at both ends of webbing, are 1″ polyester and are sold in pairs.
Whoopie hook suspension Decided to change from the buckle suspension that came with my Warbonnet blackbird xlc hammock. Very easy to install. I like how easy the whoopie sling suspension is to adjust. As always fast shipping from dutchware!
Excellent, easy to use system.Excellent, easy to use system. Packs extremely small, and lighter than my stock Hennessy suspension. I love how adjustable it is, and no knots. One tip for Hennessy users: if you have a "new style" Hennessy with a small strap at the end (instead of two holes), get the SHORTER amsteel loops. The longer loops are more useful for the older style Hennessy with holes at the gathered end. Shorter loops mean that you have a shorter minimum hang distance, which can help a little.
Used these to replace the suspension on my wife's ten foot eBay hammock.Used these to replace the suspension on my wife's ten foot eBay hammock. They are very easy to use and soooo much lighter than the stock! We had a issue with a tree hugger but Dutch fixed it immediately, great customer service.
I'm super happy with my dutchware BLING!I'm super happy with my dutchware BLING! I've only had the opportunity to rig up my hammock in the back yard around 2 enormous Poplar trees, so I had to use my tree hugger straps in combination with the tree slings I got from you. Can't use my Dutch clips until I'm on a small tree setup on the trail. The Whoopie suspension with continus loops and hooks are awesome!!!
How long and how short can the whoopie slings become.
Bought this to use on my Chameleon for backpacking, leaving the Beetles for moto camping. Have the same setup for my Halfwit and love the quick set up.
When I first got this product in the mail it had a slight learning curve. My tree straps seemed to long and my hammock would hang to low. I then realized I just had to remove the whoopie sling from the end of the strap and move it up higher using a marlin spike hitch. Once I figured that out my hang was perfect and super easy to adjust. This suspension is small, light weight, strong, and overall very easy to use. Also I got the suspension very quickly and the customer service was great.
Why is the tree hugger option limited to only 3 when you have so many different options available?
They are suggestions we put with the complete package however you do not have to select them. You are more than welcome to piece together any of the options you would like to put together.
Why does it matter if it is for a Hennessy Hammock?
If you are replacing whats in the end of your hammock the hennessy requires a longer lead.
What are pluses and minuses of longer whoopie slings and shorter tree huggers versus longer tree huggers and regular whoopie slings?
The average whoopie sling is about 6′ long and that is what we sell with the complete suspension package. You normally would not have a need for a hugger that is longer than 4′ or 5′ long as when you add that to the 6′ whooping sling that should be plenty for a good hang distance. A good distance for hanging your gathered end hammock is about 13′-16′. Most times your whoopie slings will have less bulk and weigh less than your straps so you would want this to be longer than the huggers to help save a little weight and bulk.
Do the Dutch clips fit securely on the spider web tree huggers? I think the Kevlar straps are wider.
They are made for 1″ straps. As long as you are using 1″ straps they will work nicely.
I just received a set of whoopie slings along with a pair of spider web 2.0 tree huggers with sewn on Dutch clips. I can't believe how light they are!, and as with all Dutchware gear, the quality and craftsmanship is impeccable. Thanks Dutch!
Awesome for Trees or Tentsile!!!
Our family enjoys camping together, and I enjoy trying to get away. We needed something with less give than nylon straps and something more quickly adjustable for under our Tentsile Stingray. The whoopie hooks are perfect for hanging our hammocks under it, so my wife and I can be close to the kids but not have our butts dragging the ground.
IF IT'S QUICK, SIMPLE, EASY, WHAT'S NOT TO LIKE.. I'M RUNNING 2 OF THESE RIGHT NOW AND WILL BE ADDING AT LEAST TWO MORE TO MY STABLE THIS SUMMER..
This setup is exactly what anyone would need to suspend a hammock… unless you live in the Pacific Northwest. In that case, you'll need longer tree straps than you can get in this package deal. Really though, the quality of Dutch's products is awesome, and if you hang somewhere with smaller (and closer together) trees this is all you'll ever need.
Can you comment on the durability of the 2.2 vs 3.3 kevlar tree huggers? I'm pretty careful with my gear, but I see where tree bark could really do a number on thin material.
They are an ultralight piece of gear but with that being said as long as they are taken care of they will last you a long time.
Just received the suspension set and love it.
Just received the suspension set and love it. All items included to set up my hammock in seconds. Could not be better!
Just received my dynaglide whoopies with attached whoopie hooks.
Just received my dynaglide whoopies with attached whoopie hooks. It's winter, but I had to setup my hammock right away. What a revelation! At .92 oz and by far the simplest connection system ever, I am extremely happy. No more carabiners or knots.
I also got a pair of 5′ kevlar tree huggers which weighed in at 1.4 oz (spot on to spec). So for 2.32 oz I have an absolutely revolutionary suspension system that could not be easier to deploy.
I just asked for dynaglide in the comment section of the checkout. Ask and you shall receive. Thanks Dutch!
Light, simple, quick, genius. I don't think there is anything better.
–One of the lightest systems out there without sacrificing strength or protection of trees.
–Quick drying: lower water absorption versus webbing.
–Fast and simple and intuitive setup and take down.
–Reliable/Safe: no knots to get wrong, no toggle or carabiner to loose.
–Water break: Dutch hook provides a natural water break to prevent water running down suspension and wetting hammock.
–Flexibility: Can be ordered/modified to handle two hammocks side-by-side (different whoopie hook and added spreader bar) that can then be used for either single or double applications.
So ask yourself what other suspension system can do all these things.
I made the switch from a webbing strap suspension to the whoopie sling with whoopie hook.
I made the switch from a webbing strap suspension to the whoopie sling with whoopie hook. I was a bit leery at first, given the small diameter of the 7/64″ Amsteel cord, but it held my 250 pound weight with no problem. Ease of use, minimal materials/design were the deciding factors for me. When attached to a tree hugger strap, its easy to make adjustments to get the proper hang angle and sag. Another quality product from Dutchware.
5 star gear all the way.
5 star gear all the way. Was new to the whoopie sling and became a master in 5 mins. Those hooks are really the cherries on top of this system. Cuts my weight and eliminates the biners. Straps are excellently constructed.
Super fast shipping and and great customer service. Already eyeing up my second order.
bought for my girlfriends hammock, definitely a great setup!
Awesome! Light, strong and a simple quick set up.
My second set of whoopie slings just came in last night.
My second set of whoopie slings just came in last night. Its like a little Christmas every time I see that package from Dutch. More orders will be made in the future without a doubt. If youre digging around the net for THE best suspension system for your hammock, or any other hammock camping "bling", you found it. I wouldn't hesitate to call this man a genius, among being just a genuine guy.
5 out of 5	Great light weight options!
So, just want to point out.
Dutchs has great customers service.
They get back to you in a timely manner.
I went with spider 1.5(12′) with the hooks sewn on. Then at the tag end had dutch sew on the toggles(so I don't loose them(if packed wet in a pocket)).
So much lighter than what I was rocking!


text:
Second Dear Zoo Apparel Range with Tesco Launches
Posted by Rebecca Ash | May 5, 2021 | News |
Macmillan Children's Books announces a new clothing range for Tesco, celebrating the classic and well-loved story Dear Zoo, created by Rod Campbell.
Following the sales success for the first Dear Zoo apparel range across Tesco stores in 2020, a new range of baby clothing has been developed by Paul Dennicci for F&F at Tesco. The babywear collection now available in-store is made up of six garments for babies aged 0-24 months, including a sleepsuit, sleeping bag, pyjama sets, vests and bibs. The new designs introduce two new colours to the Dear Zoo palette, which fit seamlessly alongside the existing and classic Dear Zoo imagery. This new range has a light and refreshing summer feel, perfect for this season.
A large social media influencer campaign accompanies this launch and will showcase sample outfits and books to over 350k consumers.
Stephanie Barton, Publisher, Preschool, Brands and Classics, Macmillan Children's Books says: "We were delighted by the success of the Dear Zoo babywear in Tesco last year and couldn't have been more pleased when they wanted to do a new range for 2021. They are a brilliant partner, and the clothing sits well alongside the other bespoke licensing that we have for Dear Zoo®. The classic story continues to grow in popularity each year and has now been loved across three generations of families. This new apparel gives something extra to families who really love the brand, while introducing new families to the animals and the story."
The Dear Zoo classic storybook offers the magic of a shared storytelling experience as a variety of animals are sent from the zoo. The story brings a sense of humour, anticipation and discovery as the child turns the pages. It continues to be at the heart of families throughout the UK and around the world and was the bestselling picture board book in the UK in 2019. In 2020, it sold more in the UK than other well-known brands, such as The Very Hungry Caterpillar and Guess How Much I Love You and was the 24th bestselling children's book in the UK across all categories. Around the world, growth continues in key international markets, including the USA, Australia and Asia and the story is now translated into 29 languages.
Macmillan Children's Books will be celebrating the 40th anniversary of Dear Zoo in 2022 and plans are being laid for an extensive on- and off-line consumer marketing campaign across the brand. The Dear Zoo Live on Stage play production hopes to tour 20 venues with 80 shows nationwide in autumn 2021, depending on COVID regulations. Since its launch in 2018, nearly 85,000 children and families have already enjoyed the performances and it has also successfully toured in the UAE, Hong Kong and Singapore.
This new clothing launch continues the growing story around Dear Zoo and Macmillan is looking forward to building on its success in the soft toy, nursery, gifting and stationery sectors shortly.
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Mondo TV announces plans for the second series of MeteoHeroes
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text:
Q: Finch configure response to non existing endpoint I have an finch (0.11.1) application running on my local machine and if I do
curl -XPOST localhost:8081/lfdjalfjla  // some non-existing url

I get a 404 response with an empty response body.
Say I want to give a certain error message as a response, where would I configure that?
I did not find an answer in the user guide (yet).

A: I think the reasonable way to implement that is to apply a Finagle filter on top a service returned from the .toServiceAs call.
import com.twitter.finagle.http.{Request, Response, Status}
import com.twitter.finagle.{Service, SimpleFilter}
import com.twitter.util.Future

class OnNotFound(rep: Response) extends SimpleFilter[Request, Response] {
  def apply(req: Request, s: Service[Request, Response]): Future[Response] = {
    s(req).map {
      case r if r.status == Status.NotFound => rep
      case r => r
    }
  }
}

And then.
scala> import io.finch._, com.twitter.finagle.http.Status

scala> val e = get("foo") { Ok("bar") }
e: io.finch.Endpoint[String] = GET /foo

scala> val s = new OnNotFound(Response(Status.InternalServerError)).andThen(e.toServiceAs[Text.Plain])
s: com.twitter.finagle.Service[com.twitter.finagle.http.Request,com.twitter.finagle.http.Response] = <function1>

scala> Http.server.serve(":8080", s)
res0: com.twitter.finagle.ListeningServer = Group(/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:8080)

Finally some testing with HTTPie.
$ http :8080/foo
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Length: 29
Content-Type: text/plain
Date: Fri, 03 Mar 2017 23:59:34 GMT

bar

$ http :8080/bar
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
Content-Length: 0


Our owned cat voucher program is designed to reduce the cost of getting your cat altered by providing you with a coupon that can be used at the time of surgery. This program is open at no cost to residents of Centre County. If you are a Centre County resident, you can use the voucher at any veterinary practice in Centre County or at the Allegheny Spay/Neuter Clinic in Woodland.
If you do not live in Centre County, you can purchase cat spay/neuter vouchers for $55 each. For non-Centre County residents, vouchers may be used only at Allegheny Spay/Neuter Clinic (Woodland or Centre Hall location) or All Pets Vet Clinic (State College).
Households can request up to 6 vouchers in one year for their cats and dogs. If you have more than one animal to spay or neuter, please complete a separate application for each animal. We are not able to provide vouchers to other rescue organizations for use with their animals.
We operate the voucher program on the "honor" system and ask people to only apply if they really cannot afford the surgery otherwise so that we can help as many truly needy families as we can.
You can complete the online voucher application form on this page, or you can download the mail-in voucher application form.
If you do not live in Centre County, you will be sent to PayPal to make payment after submitting this form.
Do you have a printer and would you like to receive the voucher via email?
Would you like to receive the free PAWS monthly email newsletter?
PLEASE HELP PAWS BY RESERVING SNAP FUNDS FOR INDIVIDUALS TRULY IN NEED OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.


Done just like braces, these gems are safe and painless. With Swarovski crystals that last 6 months to a few years, you're sure to rock a dazzling smile.
Robin is based in Chesapeake, VA but willing to travel.


text:
Activists: Insurgents seize village near Aleppo
SANA via AP

In this photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, Syrian citizens gather at the scene where two explosions struck in the village of Mukharam al-Fawkani, east of the central city of Homs, Syria, Thursday May 5, 2016. Two blasts struck a central Syrian village Thursday, killing at least six people and wounding dozens, hours after a truce brought relative calm to the northern city of Aleppo after weeks of escalating violence there. (SANA via AP)

Posted at 4:13 AM, May 06, 2016
BEIRUT (AP) — A coalition of Syrian rebels and jihadists seized a strategic village from pro-government forces outside the contested city of Aleppo on Friday, signaling the reemergence of a powerful, ultraconservative insurgent coalition on the opposition's side in the Syria conflict.
Renewed fighting erupted around the village of Khan Touman hours after opposition fighters took the position from pro-government forces, the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, reported. Fighter jets, presumed to belong to either Syria or its powerful ally Russia, were launching strikes on opposition positions.
At least 43 insurgents and 30 fighters on the government side have been killed in the fighting since Thursday afternoon, according to the Observatory.
The offensive was commanded by the Jaish al-Fatah, or Army of Conquest, coalition, an ultraconservative group led by al-Qaida's Syria affiliate, the Nusra Front, and the jihadist militias Jund al-Aqsa and Ahrar al-Sham. The Observatory said other non-jihadist rebels fought for Khan Touman on the side of the coalition, as well.
The Army of Conquest seized Idlib, a strategic and symbolically important provincial capital, from government forces last year and threatened to make advances towards strongholds on the Mediterranean coast and toward Damascus. Russia intervened military on the side of the government partly in response to that threat.
But the coalition is internally divided over who it considers enemies and how it rules areas under its control.
"The suicidal Jund al-Aqsa brigade is ideologically close to Daesh," said Britain-based Syrian activist Asaad Kanjo, using the Arabic acronym for the Islamic State group. "Aqsa said it didn't want to fight Daesh and withdrew from the coalition that was suggested."
Kanjo followed the coalition's politics when he was living in Saraqib, near Idlib.
A partial cease-fire this spring between the government and certain rebel factions revealed further divisions in the Army of Conquest.
Aqsa and Nusra fighters suppressed popular demonstrations across Idlib province against the black Jihadist flag, and moderate rebel factions seized on the discontent to try to sideline the jihadists within the opposition. The political shifts split the allegiances of the internally-divided Ahrar al-Sham group. Nusra and Ahrar al-Sham are two of the country's most powerful militias.
But the recent collapse of the cease-fire and resumption of hostilities in April appears to have reunified the anti-government opposition.
The return to peace would fragment the Army of Conquest coalition once again, Kanjo said.
Khan Touman is just 4 miles (6 kilometers) from Aleppo, Syria's largest city and onetime commercial capital. It overlooks the main route between Damascus and Aleppo, parts of which remain under opposition control.
"It is part of the government's defensive line in south Aleppo," said Observatory head Rami Abdurrahman.
Aleppo-area opposition media activist Bahaa al-Halaby said the insurgents took control of Khan Touman around 7 a.m. Friday morning.
Meanwhile, jihadist websites published photos said to be taken from the Shaer gas field district in central Homs province showing Islamic State militants helping themselves to a large government weapons cache, including tanks and military vehicles.
The vital gas fields, which were in government hands, fell to the extremist fighters Wednesday.
And a Syrian military official denied that the army carried out any operation against the Sarmada refugee camp Thursday, saying all reports about the attack are false. Air strikes on the camp, in a rebel-held area near the Turkish border, killed at least 28 civilians, including women and children. The official spoke to AP in Damascus on the condition of anonymity.


In April 2014, Yahoo & AOL changed their DMARC policy to stop fraudulent emails. Because of this change, many email receivers started bouncing emails received from yahoo.com or aol.com addresses. Starting in the summer of 2016, other popular email providers like Gmail and Hotmail will soon adopt similar policies. To ensure your FanReach emails are delivered, do not send them from any of these email addresses.
We therefore recommend using a custom domain for your "From Address" instead of trying to find a temporary solution by switching to another freemail provider. Using your own custom domain will prevent future deliverability issues caused by sudden changes such as these.
If you need help registering a new domain or custom email address, then we recommend looking into ReverbNation's Site Builder product which allows artists to register their own custom domains and email addresses.
If you can't register your own domain, we'll give you a safe From email address to ensure your email is successfully delivered. We'll add mailsender@reverbnationapp.com to your From email address to comply with this policy and help get your campaigns delivered. Don't worry, all your replies will still be sent to your FanReach email address on record.
How do I create a Promoter Account?


UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - United Nations refugee chief Filippo Grandi warned on Tuesday that a deadly attack on two New Zealand mosques was the result of the worst toxicity in politics and media toward refugees, migrants and foreigners that he had witnessed in more than 30 years.
A suspected white supremacist from Australia has been charged with 50 counts of murder.
Grandi told the U.N. Security Council that the state of discussions globally about refugees and migrants "should be of concern to us all." He did not specifically blame anyone.
"I have never seen such toxicity, such poison in the language of politics, in media, in social media, even in everyday discussions and conversations around this issue," Grandi told the 15-member council during a meeting on the global refugee situation.
In the wake of the shootings, Australia has been gripped by acrimonious debate about both its past race policies and whether recent political discourse about immigration and Islam had any role to play in the accused gunman's radicalization.
The man said - in a manifesto distributed online just before the Christchurch attack - that he formed his racist beliefs on the internet and downplayed his links to Australia, saying he was radicalized abroad.
"Respond to these toxic trends in a firm and organized manner, restate the values that underpin the solidarity that we must provide to refugees and reaffirm ... that our societies will not be really prosperous stable and peaceful if they do not include all," he said.