text:
\section{Introduction}

Le but de ce texte est de prouver que le groupe des \textit{diff\'eomorphismes hamiltoniens} de certaines vari\'et\'es symplectiques, muni de la \textit{distance de Hofer}, contient des sous-groupes quasi-isom\'etriques \`a des espaces euclidiens de dimension arbitraire. Avant d'aller plus loin, rappelons quelques d\'efinitions.

Consid\'erons une vari\'et\'e symplectique $(M,\omega)$ (connexe, \'eventuellement non compacte). Soit $H : M\times [0,1]\to \mathbb{\bf R}$ une fonction lisse \`a support compact. Nous noterons souvent $H_{t}(x)=H(x,t)$. Le champ de vecteurs d\'ependant du temps $X_{H_{t}}$ d\'efini par la relation $\iota_{X_{H_{t}}}\omega=-dH_{t}$ s'int\`egre pour donner naissance \`a une isotopie $(f_{t})$ issue de l'identit\'e. Le diff\'eomorphisme $f_{1} : M \to M$ est le \textit{diff\'eomorphisme hamiltonien} engendr\'e par la fonction $H$. L'ensemble des diff\'eomorphismes ainsi obtenus forme un groupe, que l'on notera $\mathscr{G}$, qui est contenu dans le groupe des diff\'eomorphismes symplectiques de $M$.

En 1990, Hofer \cite{hofer1} a d\'ecouvert que l'on pouvait munir le groupe $\mathscr{G}$ d'une remarquable distance, not\'ee $\rho$, qui est biinvariante, c'est-\`a-dire, invariante \`a la fois par les translations \`a droite et \`a gauche de $\mathscr{G}$. Rappelons-en la d\'efinition. L'oscillation d'une fonction \mbox{$F : M\to \mathbb{\bf R}$}, not\'ee ${\rm osc}(F)$, est la quantit\'e
$${\rm max}(F)-{\rm min}(F).$$
Si $(H_{t})_{0\le t\le 1}$ est un hamiltonien d\'ependant du temps, nous pouvons d\'efinir la longueur de l'isotopie hamiltonienne $\{f_{t}\}$ engendr\'ee par $(H_{t})$ par :
$$\ell (\{f_{t}\})=\int_{0}^{1}{\rm osc}(H_{t})dt.$$ L'\textit{\'energie} d'un \'el\'ement $f\in \mathscr{G}$ est la quantit\'e
$$\vert \vert f \vert \vert ={\rm inf}\, \ell (\{f_{t}\})$$ o\`u l'infimum porte sur toutes les isotopies hamiltoniennes dont le temps $1$ est $f$. On d\'efinit alors $\rho(f,g)=\vert \vert fg^{-1}\vert \vert$. Notons que le point crucial pour s'assurer que $\rho$ est une distance est d'\'etablir qu'un diff\'eomorphisme $f\in \mathscr{G} \setminus \{1\hskip-2.5pt{\rm l} \}$ a une \'energie strictement positive. Cela a \'et\'e prouv\'e par Hofer \cite{hofer1} dans le cas de $\mathbb{\bf R}^{2n}$, par Polterovich \cite{pol1} pour les vari\'et\'es rationnelles et en toute g\'en\'eralit\'e par Lalonde et McDuff \cite{lmc} (voir aussi \cite{chekanov,oh1,schwarz,viterbo} pour d'autres preuves, dans diff\'erents cas particuliers). Nous reviendrons sur ce point au paragraphe suivant. Nous renvoyons le lecteur aux livres \cite{hoferzehnder,pol3} pour une introduction plus d\'etaill\'ee \`a ce sujet.

Bialy et Polterovich \cite{bialypolterovich} ont prouv\'e le r\'esultat suivant. Lorsque $M=\mathbb{\bf R}^{2n}$, muni de sa structure symplectique standard, il existe un voisinage $U$ de l'identit\'e dans $\mathscr{G}$ (pour la topologie $C^{1}$) et un voisinage $V$ de l'origine dans l'espace vectoriel des fonctions $C^{\infty}$ \`a support compact sur $\mathbb{\bf R}^{n}$ (pour la topologie $C^{2}$) tels que $(U,\rho)$ et $(V,d_{{\rm osc}})$ soient isom\'etriques (o\`u $d_{{osc}}(F,G)={\rm osc}(F-G)$). On peut interpr\'eter ce fait en disant que $\mathscr{G}$ est \textit{localement plat}. Ce r\'esultat a depuis \'et\'e g\'en\'eralis\'e \`a d'autres vari\'et\'es \cite{lmc2,oh2}.

Par ailleurs, on sait maintenant pour une large classe de vari\'et\'es symplectiques que l'espace m\'etrique $(\mathscr{G},\rho)$ est de diam\`etre infini (voir \cite{pol3} pour quelques r\'esultats et r\'ef\'erences). A l'oppos\'e du r\'esultat de Bialy et Polterovich pr\'ec\'edemment cit\'e, on peut donc s'int\'eresser, lorsque le diam\`etre de $\mathscr{G}$ est infini, \`a la g\'eom\'etrie \textit{\`a grande \'echelle} de $(\mathscr{G},\rho)$. Dans cet esprit nous montrons le :

\begin{main}Supposons qu'il existe une sous-vari\'et\'e lagrangienne ferm\'ee $L$ plong\'ee dans $M$, v\'erifiant les deux conditions suivantes :

\noindent $\bullet$ l'application induite $\pi_{1}(L)\to \pi_{1}(M)$ entre les groupes fondamentaux de $L$ et $M$ est injective,

\noindent $\bullet$ il existe sur $L$ une m\'etrique riemannienne \`a courbure n\'egative ou nulle.

\noindent Alors, pour tout entier naturel $N$, il existe un morphisme $\phi : \mathbb{\bf Z}^{N}\to \mathscr{G}$ ayant la propri\'et\'e suivante. Si $\vert \cdot \vert$est une norme fix\'ee sur $\mathbb{\bf R}^{N}$, il existe une  constante strictement positive $C_{N}$ telle que :
$$C_{N}^{-1}\vert x-y\vert \le \rho(\phi(x),\phi(y))\le C_{N}\vert x-y \vert, $$ pour tous $x,y$ de $\mathbb{\bf Z}^{N}$.

\end{main}

Signalons \`a l'attention du lecteur anglophone, que les expressions ``n\'egative ou nulle" ou encore ``n\'egative", se traduisent par ``nonpositive". Citons quelques exemples de vari\'et\'es symplectiques  v\'erifiant les hypoth\`eses du th\'eor\`eme :

\noindent $\bullet$ Le fibr\'e cotangent $T^{*}L$ (muni de sa structure symplectique canonique : $\omega=d(pdq)$), d'une vari\'et\'e ferm\'ee $L$ poss\'edant une m\'etrique riemannienne \`a courbure n\'egative ou nulle.

\noindent $\bullet$ Une surface compacte orientable de genre strictement positif, munie d'une forme d'aire ; un produit de surfaces de genres strictement positifs.

\noindent $\bullet$ Soit $V^{3}$ une vari\'et\'e ferm\'ee de dimension $3$ qui fibre sur le cercle : $\pi : V^{3}\to {\bf S}^{1}$. Supposons le genre de la fibre strictement positif. Notons $\theta_{1}$ la coordonn\'ee sur le cercle. Soit $\Omega$ une $2$-forme ferm\'ee sur $V^{3}$ qui soit non-d\'eg\'en\'er\'ee sur chaque fibre de $\pi$. Consid\'erons la vari\'et\'e $M=V^{3}\times {\bf S}^{1}$. Si $\theta_{2}$ d\'esigne la coordonn\'ee sur le second facteur de $M$, la forme $$\omega=\Omega+\pi^{*}(d\theta_{1})\wedge d\theta_{2}$$ est une forme symplectique sur $M$. Pour toute courbe ferm\'ee simple essentielle $\gamma$ contenue dans une fibre de $\pi$, nous obtenons un tore lagrangien incompressible $\gamma \times {\bf S}^{1}$ dans $M$.

{\bf Remarques.}

\noindent $\bullet$ Des plongements quasi-isom\'etriques de groupes de type fini dans le groupe des diff\'eomor\-phismes hamiltoniens du disque $\mathbb{\bf D}^{2}=\{(x,y)\in \mathbb{\bf R}^{2}, \vert x \vert ^{2}+\vert y \vert ^{2} <1\}$, muni de sa m\'etrique ${\rm L}^{2}$ (voir \cite{ak} \`a ce sujet), qui est invariante \`a gauche seulement, ont \'et\'e construits par Benaim et Gambaudo \cite{benaimgambaudo}, puis Crisp et Wiest \cite{crispwiest}.

\noindent $\bullet$ Dans le cas o\`u $M$ est une surface ferm\'ee de genre strictement positif, les r\'esultats de \cite{pol3} permettent de plonger quasi-isom\'etriquement un espace de dimension infinie dans $\mathscr{G}$. Consid\'erons par exemple le tore $\mathbb{\bf R}^{2}/\mathbb{\bf Z}^{2}$, muni de la forme d'aire $dx\wedge dy$. Soit $E$ l'espace des fonctions de moyenne nulle sur $\mathbb{\bf R}^{2}/\mathbb{\bf Z}^{2}$, ne d\'ependant que de la coordonn\'ee $x\in \mathbb{\bf R}/\mathbb{\bf Z}$, muni de la norme $\vert H \vert_{\infty} = {\rm sup}_{x}\vert H(x)\vert$. Pour $H\in E$, notons $\psi(H)$ le temps $1$ du flot hamiltonien de $H$. Le th\'eor\`eme $7.2.C$ de \cite{pol3} assure que $\rho(\psi(H),1\hskip-2.5pt{\rm l})\ge \vert H\vert_{\infty}$. Par ailleurs $\rho (\psi(H),1\hskip-2.5pt{\rm l})\le {\rm osc}(H)\le 2\vert H\vert_{\infty}$ ; l'application $\psi : E \to \mathscr{G}$ est donc un plongement quasi-isom\'etrique.

\noindent $\bullet$ Pour construire le morphisme $\phi$, nous allons utiliser une id\'ee de Lalonde et \hbox{Polterovich} \cite{lalondepolterovich}. D'apr\`es un th\'eor\`eme classique de Weinstein, un voisinage $U$ de $L$ dans $M$ est symplectomorphe \`a un voisinage de la section nulle dans le fibr\'e cotangent $T^{*}L$. On peut supposer que $U$ est un fibr\'e en boules au-dessus de $L$. Nous pouvons donc consid\'erer des flots hamiltoniens sur $M$ qui, dans $U$ (ou une partie de $U$), co\"{i}ncident avec le flot g\'eod\'esique sur $L$ (pour une m\'etrique \`a courbure n\'egative fix\'ee). Notons $\widetilde{u}^{t} : T^{*}\widetilde{L}\to  T^{*}\widetilde{L}$ le flot g\'eod\'esique sur le rev\^etement universel $\widetilde{L}$ de $L$. Nous allons tirer parti du fait suivant, d\^u \`a la courbure n\'egative : si $K$ est un compact de $T^{*}\widetilde{L}$ qui \'evite la section nulle, on a $\widetilde{u}^{t}(K)\cap K= \emptyset$ pour $t$ suffisament grand.

\noindent $\bullet$ Nous verrons que, lorsque l'on choisit comme norme sur $\mathbb{\bf R}^{N}$ la norme
$$\vert (x_{1},\ldots , x_{N}) \vert = \sum_{k=1}^{N}\vert x_{k}\vert $$ la constante $C_{N}$ que nous obtenons converge exponentiellement vite vers l'infini lorsque $N$ tend vers l'infini.

\noindent $\bullet$ Il serait int\'eressant de savoir si un r\'esultat analogue est vrai lorsque $M$ est la sph\`ere $\mathbb{\bf S}^{2}$. Dans ce cas, et \`a notre connaissance, les seules mani\`eres d'obtenir des bornes inf\'erieures arbitrairement grandes sur la distance de Hofer proviennent de \cite{entpol,pol2}. Leonid Polterovich m'a indiqu\'e que, dans le cas o\`u $M$ est le disque $\mathbb{\bf D}^{2}$, les r\'esultats de \cite{entpol} permettent de prouver un r\'esultat analogue au th\'eor\`eme $1$.

Dans la seconde partie de ce texte, nous rappelons quelques faits classiques de topologie symplectique, puis nous prouvons le th\'eor\`eme dans la troisi\`eme partie.

\section{In\'egalit\'e entre \'energie et capacit\'e}

Si $A$ est une partie de $M$, rappelons que la \textit{capacit\'e de Gromov} de $A$, not\'ee $c(A)$, est la quantit\'e :
$${\rm sup}\{\pi r^{2}, {\rm il \, existe\, un\, plongement\,  symplectique\, } B^{2n}(r)\to {\rm Int}(A)\}.$$
Ici, $B^{2n}(r)$ d\'esigne la boule euclidienne de rayon $r$ dans $\mathbb{\bf R}^{2n}$ muni de sa structure symplectique standard (et ${\rm dim} M= 2n$). Cette notion a \'et\'e introduite dans \cite{gromov}. Lalonde et McDuff \cite{lmc} ont \'etabli le r\'esultat suivant. Si $f$ est un \'el\'ement de $\mathscr{G}$ et $A$ une partie de $M$ qui est disjointe d'elle-m\^eme par $f$, c'est-\`a-dire qui v\'erifie $f(A)\cap A=\emptyset$, alors l'\'energie de $f$ est minor\'ee par la moiti\'e de la capacit\'e de $A$ :
$$\vert \vert f \vert \vert \ge \frac{1}{2}c(A).$$ Rappelons que c'est cette in\'egalit\'e qui permet d'\'etablir que la distance de Hofer est non-d\'eg\'en\'er\'ee : si $f$ est un diff\'eomorphisme diff\'erent de l'identit\'e, on peut trouver un ouvert de $M$ qui est disjoint de lui-m\^eme par $f$. Puisque tout ouvert non-vide a une capacit\'e strictement positive, l'\'energie de $f$ est non-nulle. Une telle in\'egalit\'e avait \'et\'e prouv\'ee (sans le facteur $\frac{1}{2}$) par Hofer dans $\mathbb{\bf R}^{2n}$ \cite{hofer2} (voir aussi \cite{fgs}).

Expliquons maintenant comment nous allons utiliser cette in\'egalit\'e. Notons d'abord que toutes les vari\'et\'es symplectiques qui v\'erifient les hypoth\`eses de notre th\'eor\`eme ont un groupe fondamental infini, et donc un rev\^etement universel $p : \widetilde{M}\to M$ non compact. Fixons un \'el\'ement $f$ de $\mathscr{G}$. Consid\'erons une isotopie hamiltonienne $f_{t} : M \to M$, engendr\'ee par un hamiltonien $(H_{t})$, telle que $f_{1}=f$. Notons $\widetilde{f}_{t} : \widetilde{M} \to \widetilde{M}$ le relev\'e de l'isotopie $(f_{t})$ issu de l'identit\'e. C'est une isotopie hamiltonienne engendr\'ee par la fonction $H_{t}\circ p$ (\`a support non compact). Nous obtenons ainsi un relev\'e  $\widetilde{f}_{1} : \widetilde{M}\to \widetilde{M}$ de $f$. Suivant \cite{lalondepolterovich}, nous appellerons \textit{relev\'e admissible} de $f$ tout relev\'e ainsi obtenu.

\begin{proposition} \cite{lalondepolterovich} Soit $c>0$ et $f\in \mathscr{G}$. Supposons que pour tout relev\'e admissible $\widetilde{f}$ de $f$, il existe une partie $A$ de $\widetilde{M}$ de capacit\'e sup\'erieure ou \'egale \`a $c$ telle que $\widetilde{f}(A)\cap A = \emptyset$. Alors $\vert \vert f\vert \vert \ge \frac{c}{2}$
\end{proposition}

\noindent {\bf Remarque :} si $M$ est non compacte, puisque nous ne consid\'erons que des isotopies hamiltoniennes sur $M$ \`a support compact, il est clair qu'il existe un unique relev\'e admissible. Si $M$ est compacte, une cons\'equence facile de la (difficile) conjecture d'Arnold (voir \cite{fukayaono,liutian}) est que l'application d'\'evaluation
$$\pi_{1}(\mathscr{G},1\hskip-2.5pt{\rm l})\to \pi_{1}(M,x_{0})$$ a une image triviale. Ceci implique que tout diff\'eomorphisme hamiltonien de $M$ poss\`ede un {\bf unique} relev\'e admissible. Ainsi, pour appliquer la proposition ci-dessus, il suffit de v\'erifier l'hypoth\`ese pour un seul diff\'eomorphisme de $\widetilde{M}$. Cependant, pour garder \`a cette article un caract\`ere \'el\'ementaire, nous n'utiliserons pas ce fait.

\noindent \textit{Preuve de la proposition} : consid\'erons une isotopie hamiltonienne $(f_{t})$ sur $M$, engendr\'ee par la fonction \`a support compact $H_{t}$, telle que $f_{1}=f$. Soit $A$ un compact contenant la r\'eunion des supports des fonctions $H_{t}$. Si $M$ est compacte, nous supposerons $H_{t}$ normalis\'ee par la condition $\int_{M}H_{t} \, \omega^{n}=0$, pour tout $t$. Soit $(\widetilde{f}_{t})$ l'isotopie de $\widetilde{M}$ engendr\'ee par la fonction $H_{t}\circ p$. Par hypoth\`ese on peut trouver un compact $K$ de $\widetilde{M}$ de capacit\'e sup\'erieure \`a $c-\epsilon$, qui est disjoint de lui-m\^eme par $\widetilde{f}_{1}$. Soit $B$ une boule de $\widetilde{M}$ qui contient $\cup_{t\in [0,1]}f_{t}(K)$ et telle que la projection $p : B \to A$ soit surjective ; et $\varphi : \widetilde{M} \to [0,1]$ une fonction \`a support compact valant $1$ sur $B$. L'isotopie hamiltonienne engendr\'ee par la fonction \`a support compact d\'efinie par $G_{t}(x)=\varphi(x)H_{t}(p(x))$ disjoint $K$ de lui-m\^eme. Nous obtenons donc, d'apr\`es l'in\'egalit\'e entre \'energie et capacit\'e, $\int_{0}^{1}{\rm osc}(G_{t})dt\ge \frac{c-\epsilon}{2}$. Puisque  ${\rm osc}(G_{t})={\rm osc}(H_{t})$, on obtient l'estimation voulue. \hfill $\Box$

Une cons\'equence classique de la preuve ci-dessus est qu'un relev\'e admissible d'un diff\'eomorphisme hamiltonien de $M$ ne peut disjoindre d'elle-m\^eme une partie de $\widetilde{M}$ de capacit\'e infinie.

\section{Preuve du th\'eor\`eme}

Fixons une m\'etrique riemannienne \`a courbure n\'egative ou nulle $g$ sur $L$. Nous noterons $d_{g}$ la distance induite par $g$ sur le rev\^etement universel $\widetilde{L}$ de $L$. Quitte \`a multiplier la m\'etrique $g$ par une constante, on peut supposer qu'il existe un voisinage $U$ de $L$ dans $M$ et un diff\'eomorphisme symplectique
$$\theta : T^{*}L(\sqrt{3})\to U,$$ o\`u $T^{*}L(\sqrt{3})=\{(q,p)\in T^{*}L, \vert p\vert_{q}^{2}< 3\}$. Fixons d\'esormais un entier naturel $N$. Notons $A_{i}$ ($1\le i \le 2^{N}$) la partie suivante de $T^{*}L(\sqrt{3})$ :

$$\{(q,p), 1+\frac{i-1}{2^{N}}\le \vert p\vert_{q}^{2}\le 1+\frac{i-1}{2^{N}}+\frac{1}{2^{N+1}}\}.$$ Nous avons repr\'esent\'e en noir sur la figure 1, dans le cas o\`u $N=2$, la trace des ensembles $A_{1},\ldots , A_{4}$ sur une fibre de la projection $T^{*}L\to L$.

Il sera plus commode d'indexer en fait les ensembles $(A_{i})_{1\le i \le 2^{N}}$ par $\{\pm 1\}^{N}$. Pour cela nous fixons une bijection entre $\{\pm 1\}^{N}$ et $\{1,\dots , 2^{N}\}$ :

$$I=(I_{1},\ldots , I_{N})\in \{\pm 1\}^{N}\mapsto i(I)\in \{1,\ldots , 2^{N}\}.$$
Soit, pour $1\le k \le N$, $\varphi_{k} : [0,3]\to \mathbb{\bf R}$ une fonction de classe $C^{\infty}$, ayant les propri\'et\'es suivantes :

\noindent $\bullet$ l'application $\varphi_{k}$ est nulle en dehors de l'intervalle $[\frac{1}{2}, \frac{5}{2}]$.

\noindent $\bullet$ Si $I_{k}=1$ et $s\in [1+\frac{i(I)-1}{2^{N}},1+\frac{i(I)-1}{2^{N}}+\frac{1}{2^{N+1}}]$, $\varphi_{k}(s)=s$ ; si $I_{k}=-1$ et $s\in [1+\frac{i(I)-1}{2^{N}},1+\frac{i(I)-1}{2^{N}}+\frac{1}{2^{N+1}}]$, $\varphi_{k}(s)=-s$.

\noindent Enfin si $(q,p)\in T^{*}L(\sqrt{3})$, on pose $H_{k}(q,p)=\frac{1}{2}\varphi_{k}(\vert p\vert_{q}^{2})$. Gr\^ace au diff\'eomorphisme $\theta$ on peut voir $H_{k}$ comme une fonction sur $U$, que l'on prolonge par $0$ en dehors de $U$ pour obtenir une fonction lisse sur $M$. Les flots hamiltoniens $\phi_{H_{k}}^{t}$ associ\'es aux fonctions $H_{1},\ldots, H_{N}$ commutent et d\'efinissent une action de $\mathbb{\bf R}^{N}$ sur $M$. Nous d\'efinissons un morphisme $\phi : \mathbb{\bf Z}^{N} \to \mathscr{G}$ par :
$$\phi(a=(a_{1}, \ldots , a_{N}))=\prod_{k=1}^{N} \phi_{H_{k}}^{a_{k}}.$$

\noindent Nous avons bien s\^ur :
$$\rho(\phi(a),\phi(b))=\vert \vert \prod_{k=1}^{N}\phi_{H_{k}}^{a_{k}-b_{k}}\vert \vert \le C\cdot (\sum_{k=1}^{N}\vert a_{k}-b_{k}\vert),$$ o\`u l'on a not\' e $C={\rm max}_{1\le k \le N}\vert \vert \phi_{H_{k}}^{1}\vert \vert $. Pour prouver le th\'eor\`eme, nous devons \'etablir une minoration de la forme $$\vert \vert \phi(a) \vert \vert \ge \epsilon_{N}\cdot (\sum_{k=1}^{N}\vert a_{k}\vert)$$
pour tout $a \in \mathbb{\bf Z}^{N}$, pour une certaine constante $\epsilon_{N}$. On peut ensuite prendre $C_{N}={\rm max}(\epsilon_{N}^{-1},C)$.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}

\input{cercles.eepic}
\caption{}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

Fixons donc $a=(a_{1}, \ldots, a_{N})\in \mathbb{\bf Z}^{N}- \{0\}$. On peut choisir $I\in \{\pm 1\}^{N}$ tel que $I_{k}a_{k}\ge 0$ pour tout $k$ de $\{1,\ldots , N\}$. Si $(q,p)\in A_{i(I)}$, alors $$(\sum_{k=1}^{N}a_{k}H_{k})(q,p)=\frac{l}{2}\vert p\vert_{q}^{2}$$ (o\`u $l:=\sum_{k=1}^{N}\vert a_{k}\vert $). Notons $u^{t} : T^{*}L \to T^{*}L$ le flot g\'eod\'esique (pour la m\'etrique $g$) : c'est le flot hamiltonien associ\'e \`a la fonction $E(q,p)=\frac{1}{2}\vert p\vert^{2}_{q}$. Le flot hamiltonien engendr\'e par la fonction $\sum_{k=1}^{N}a_{k}H_{k}$ co\"{i}ncide donc avec le flot $(u^{lt})$ sur $A_{i(I)}$.

Choisissons une composante connexe $\widetilde{U}$ de l'image inverse de $U$ dans $\widetilde{M}$. Puisque $L$ est incompressible dans $M$, $\widetilde{U}$ est symplectiquement diff\'eomorphe \`a $T^{*}\widetilde{L}(\sqrt{3})$. Nous choisissons \'egalement un point base $q_{0}\in \widetilde{L}$, et notons $B(q_{0},R)$ la boule ouverte de rayon $R$ centr\'ee en $q_{0}$.

Notons $\widetilde{\phi}(a) : \widetilde{M}\to \widetilde{M}$ le relev\'e admissible de $\phi(a)$ d\'etermin\'e par l'isotopie engendr\'ee par la fonction $\sum_{k=1}^{N}a_{k}H_{k}$. Un autre relev\'e admissible (hypoth\'etique !!! d'apr\`es la remarque faite plus haut) serait de la forme $T\circ \widetilde{\phi}(a)$ o\`u $T$ est un \'el\'ement du groupe fondamental de $M$. Notons que $T$ appartient n\'ecessairement au groupe fondamental de $L$, sinon $T\circ \widetilde{\phi}(a)$ disjoindrait $\widetilde{U}$ de lui-m\^eme. C'est impossible car $\widetilde{U}$ est de capacit\'e infinie (ceci se d\'eduit, par exemple, de la proposition 3.1).

Posons $R=\frac{l}{4}$. Soit $\widetilde{A}_{i,R}$ la partie suivante de $T^{*}\widetilde{L}(\sqrt{3})$ :
$$\{(q,p), q\in B(q_{0},R),  1+\frac{i-1}{2^{N}}\le \vert p\vert_{q}^{2}\le 1+\frac{i-1}{2^{N}}+\frac{1}{2^{N+1}}\}.$$ Si $(q,p)\in \widetilde{A}_{i,R}$, \'ecrivant $\widetilde{\phi}(a)(q,p)=(q',p')$,  nous avons $d_{g}(q,q')\ge l$. Ceci assure que $\widetilde{\phi}(a)(\widetilde{A}_{i,R})\cap \widetilde{A}_{i,R}=\emptyset$.

\noindent Consid\'erons maintenant un autre relev\'e admissible de la forme $T\circ \widetilde{\phi}(a)$ ($T\in \pi_{1}(L)- \{1\}$). Supposons que $T\circ \widetilde{\phi}(a)(\widetilde{A}_{i,R})$ rencontre $\widetilde{A}_{i,R}$. Il existe alors $(q,p)\in \widetilde{A}_{i,R}$ tel que $\widetilde{\phi}(a)(q,p)=(q',p')\in T^{-1}(\widetilde{A}_{i,R})$. On obtient alors $$d_{g}(T(q_{0}),q_{0})\ge d_{g}(T(q_{0}),T(q'))-R\ge d_{g}(q',q)-2R\ge \frac{l}{2}.$$ Si $\nu$ et $C$ sont des constantes strictement positives, nous noterons $$\Lambda_{\nu,C}=\{(q,p),q\in B(q_{0},C), \vert p\vert_{q}<\nu\}.$$ Rappelons que l'on a $H_{k}(q,p)=0$ (pour tout $k$), d\`es que $\vert p \vert_{q}^{2}<\frac{1}{2}$. Alors, si $(q,p)\in \Lambda_{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},\frac{R}{2}}$, $T\circ \widetilde{\phi}(a)(q,p)=T(q,p)=(q',p')$ v\'erifie :
$$d_{g}(q',q_{0})\ge d_{g}(T(q_{0}),q_{0})-d_{g}(q,q_{0})\ge \frac{l}{2}-\frac{l}{8}=\frac{3l}{8}.$$ Donc $T\circ \widetilde{\phi}(a)(\Lambda_{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},\frac{R}{2}})\cap(\Lambda_{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \frac{R}{2}})=\emptyset$.

En r\'esum\'e, tout relev\'e admissible de $\phi(a)$ disjoint d'elle-m\^eme une partie de $\widetilde{M}$ de capacit\'e sup\'erieure ou \'egale \`a ${\rm min}(c(\widetilde{A}_{i,R}),c(\Lambda_{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \frac{R}{2}}))$. D'apr\`es la proposition 2.1, nous avons $\vert \vert \phi(a)\vert \vert \ge \frac{1}{2}{\rm min}(c(\widetilde{A}_{i,R}),c(\Lambda_{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \frac{R}{2}}))$. Pour conclure la preuve du th\'eor\`eme, il nous reste \`a obtenir une minoration, lin\'eaire en $R$, des capacit\'es de $\widetilde{A}_{i,R}$ et $\Lambda_{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},\frac{R}{2}}$. La preuve de la proposition suivante m'a \'et\'e sugg\'er\'ee par Jean-Claude Sikorav.

\begin{proposition} Il existe une constante $\varepsilon >0$ telle que ${\rm min}(c(\widetilde{A}_{i,R}),c(\Lambda_{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},\frac{R}{2}}))\ge \varepsilon R$.

\end{proposition}

\noindent \textit{Preuve} : on commence par ramener l'estimation de la capacit\'e de $\widetilde{A}_{i,R}$ \`a celle d'un ensemble de la forme $\Lambda_{\alpha,R}=\{(q,p), q\in B(q_{0},R), \vert p\vert_{q}<\alpha \}$.

\noindent Soit $V : \widetilde{L} \to \mathbb{\bf R}$ une fonction de classe $C^{\infty}$ telle que $\vert \vert dV(q)\vert \vert =\sqrt{1+\frac{i-1}{2^{N}}+\frac{1}{2^{N+2}}}$ pour $q\in B(q_{0},2R)$. Pour cela fixons un point $q_{\infty}\in \widetilde{L}$ tel que $d_{g}(q_{0},q_{\infty})\ge 10^{7}\cdot R$,  et prenons pour $V$ la fonction $$\sqrt{1+\frac{i-1}{2^{N}}+\frac{1}{2^{N+2}}}d_{g}(\cdot ,q_{\infty}),$$ multipli\'ee par une fonction plateau qui s'annule au voisinage de $q_{\infty}$. Notons $T_{V}(q,p)=(q,p-dV(q))$ ($(q,p)\in T^{*}\widetilde{L}$). On v\'erifie ais\'ement que si $q\in B(q_{0},R)$ et $\vert p \vert_{q}< (10\cdot 2^{N+2})^{-1}$, alors $(q,dV(q)+p)\in \widetilde{A}_{i,R}$. L'application $T_{V}$ \'etant un diff\'eomorphisme symplectique de $T^{*}\widetilde{L}$, on a donc
$$c(\widetilde{A}_{i,R})=c(T_{V}(\widetilde{A}_{i,R}))\ge c(\Lambda_{(10\cdot 2^{(N+2)})^{-1},R}).$$ Il nous reste maintenant \`a obtenir une minoration de la capacit\'e de $\Lambda_{\alpha, R}$. L'application $G : T_{q_{0}}\widetilde{L}\times T_{q_{0}}^{*}\widetilde{L}\to T^{*}\widetilde{L}$ d\'efinie par : $$(v\in T_{q_{0}}\widetilde{L}, \eta \in T_{q_{0}}^{*}\widetilde{L})\mapsto (exp_{q_{0}}(v),\eta \circ\left(D exp_{q_{0}}(v) \right)^{-1})$$ est un diff\'eomorphisme symplectique : c'est l'application induite entre les fibr\'es cotangents de $T_{q_{0}}\widetilde{L}$ et $\widetilde{L}$ par le diff\'eomorphisme $exp_{q_{0}} : T_{q_{0}}\widetilde{L}\to \widetilde{L}$. Puisque la m\'etrique $g$ est \`a courbure n\'egative ou nulle, l'application $(D exp_{q_{0}}(v))^{-1} : (T_{exp_{q_{0}}(v)}\widetilde{L},g_{exp_{q_{0}}(v)}) \to (T_{q_{0}}\widetilde{L},g_{q_{0}})$ est de norme major\'ee par $1$. Il en est de m\^eme pour sa transpos\'ee. On a donc
$$\{(v,\eta), \vert v \vert _{q_{0}}< R, \vert \eta \vert_{q_{0}} < \alpha \} \subset G^{-1}(\Lambda_{\alpha , R}).$$
 L'application lin\'eaire symplectique
 $$(q,p)\mapsto (\sqrt{\frac{R}{\alpha}}q,\sqrt{\frac{\alpha}{R}}p) $$ envoie la boule euclidienne $B(0,\sqrt{R\alpha})$ dans $\{(v,\eta), \vert v \vert _{q_{0}}< R, \vert \eta \vert_{q_{0}} < \alpha\}$. Nous obtenons donc bien l'in\'egalit\'e $c(\Lambda_{\alpha,R})\ge \pi R\alpha$. Finalement : $${\rm min} (c(\widetilde{A}_{i,R}),c(\Lambda_{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},\frac{R}{2}}))\ge {\rm min}(\frac{\pi R}{2\sqrt{2}},\frac{\pi R}{10\cdot 2^{N+2}})\ge \frac{\pi R}{10\cdot 2^{N+2}}\, .$$\hfill $\Box$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The Nordic Council of Ministers is Policy Area Coordinator for Bioeconomy in EU's Baltic Sea Region Strategy.
Today the Council of Nordic Ministers signed the Letter of dedication and support of the COASTAL Biogas application.
Using cast seaweed as a feedstock and use the digestate as a fertilizer is an elegant way to close the nutrients loop and take a first step towards a circular bioeconomy. There are many other socioeconomic benefits that will be explored within the COASTAL Biogas project.


text:
Q: NodeMCU Get data from webswerver and update value I am using Nodenmcu with arduino IDE . I have used DHT11 IC to read temperature and humidity. Now i would like to add parameter in web page called set_temp . When Set_temp value being set to value the value should get updated when change icon has been pressed. Here is my code. My code is  working till to enter the text from web but it wont update set_temp value
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include "DHT.h"

static float Set_Temp;
DHT dht;
int value = LOW;

const char* ssid = "esp8266";
const char* password = "Test123456";

int ledPin = 13; // GPIO13
WiFiServer server(80);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  delay(10);

  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
  dht.setup(D3);   /* D1 is used for data communication */
  // Connect to WiFi network
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println();
  Serial.print("Connecting to ");
  Serial.println(ssid);

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println("");
  Serial.println("WiFi connected");

  // Start the server
  server.begin();
  Serial.println("Server started");

  // Print the IP address
  Serial.print("Use this URL to connect: ");
  Serial.print("http://");
  Serial.print(WiFi.localIP());
  Serial.println("/");

}

void loop() {
  // Check if a client has connected
  WiFiClient client = server.available();
  if (!client) {
    return;
  }

  // Wait until the client sends some data
  Serial.println("new client");
  while(!client.available()){
    delay(1);
  }

// New code has been added

 delay(dht.getMinimumSamplingPeriod());  /* Delay of amount equal to sampling period */

  float humidity = dht.getHumidity(); /* Get humidity value */
  float temperature = dht.getTemperature(); /* Get temperature value */

 // Serial.print(dht.getStatusString());  /* Print status of communication */

if(temperature>=Set_Temp)
{

  digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
    value = HIGH;

}else
{
  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
    value = LOW;
}

  // Read the first line of the request
  String request = client.readStringUntil('\r');
  Serial.println(request);
  client.flush();

  // Match the request

 /* if (request.indexOf("/LED=ON") != -1)  {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
    value = HIGH;
  }
  if (request.indexOf("/LED=OFF") != -1)  {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
    value = LOW;
  }*/

// Set ledPin according to the request
//digitalWrite(ledPin, value);

  // Return the response
  client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
  client.println("Content-Type: text/html");
  client.println(""); //  do not forget this one
  client.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML>");
  client.println("");

  client.print("Relay_Turn_On_Status: ");

  if(value == HIGH) {
    client.print("On");
  } else {
    client.print("Off");
  }
 // client.println("

");
 // client.println("<button>Turn On </button>");
//  client.println("<button>Turn Off </button>
");
//  client.println("");

client.print("");
client.print("");
client.print("<title>My Page</title>");
client.print("");
client.print("");
  client.print("

");
   client.print("Set_Temp: ");
    client.println("<input type=text name=textbox size=5 value=Enter_Temp_Here");
    client.println("
<input type=submit value=Change >
");
    client.println("
");
     client.println("");
     client.println("");

Set_Temp:"
<input type=submit value=Change >
";
//Set_Temp:"<input type=text name=textbox size=5 value=Enter_Temp_Here>";
Serial.println(Set_Temp);

client.println("

");
  client.println("DHT11_HumidityReading: ");
  client.println(humidity,1);
   client.println("

");
  client.println("DHT11_Temprature Reading: ");
  client.println(temperature,1);
   client.println("

");

  client.println("Set_Temp: ");
  client.println(Set_Temp);
   client.println("

");

  delay(1);
  Serial.println("Client disonnected");
  Serial.println("");

}

My main doubt in this part of code where once i read it wont update.
 Set_Temp:"
<input type=submit value=Change >
";
    //Set_Temp:"<input type=text name=textbox size=5 value=Enter_Temp_Here>";
    Serial.println(Set_Temp);

If i use like this. it will display -1
Set_Temp=readString.indexOf(2);

I followed the method of get & post from HTTP https://www.w3schools.com/htmL/[Serial Out Here][web page]
How can i change my Set_Temp value from text box.

A: Take a look to this article, I follow it to turn on and turn off a light in NodeMCU with Arduino IDE. The client in the web is written on PHP.
https://blog.nyl.io/esp8266-led-arduino/
<?php
$light = $_GET['light'];
if($light == "on") {
  $file = fopen("light.json", "w") or die("can't open file");
  fwrite($file, '{"light": "on"}');
  fclose($file);
}
else if ($light == "off") {
  $file = fopen("light.json", "w") or die("can't open file");
  fwrite($file, '{"light": "off"}');
  fclose($file);
}
?>

I hope this help you.
Regards

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Global Aquaponics Market 2019 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2024
GIR (Global Info Research)
The Global Aquaponics Market Report is equipped with market data from 2014 to 2024. The report gives a market overview covering key drivers and risks factors. The report is bifurcated by top global manufactures mentioning sales, revenue and prices as applicable. It also evaluates the competitive scenario of the leading players. The report expands to cover regional market data along with type and application. The report forecasts sales and revenue from 2019 to 2024. The detailed sales channel is also covered in the study.
Aquaponics refers to any system that combines conventional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment. In normal aquaculture, excretions from the animals being raised can accumulate in the water, increasing toxicity. In an aquaponics system, water from an aquaculture system is fed to a hydroponic system where the by-products are broken down by Nitrifying bacteria into nitrates and nitrites, which are utilized by the plants as nutrients, and the water is then recirculate back to the aquaculture system.
Scope of the Report:
Aquaponics Market has been considered as a sustainable form to develop agriculture for a very long time in history, dating back to the Aztecs. While Aquaculture and Hydroponics are two different concepts, Aquaponics is a combined method of Food Sales in which both the former concepts are used to create a symbiotic ecosystem. This system was harnessed with an aim to grow plants and fish with help of nitrification using bacteria to provide the necessary nutrients. It works in a way where plants in hydroponic growth beds feed on the nutrient rich waste water from fish. Filtering beds remove fish affluent, algae, leftover fish feed and help recycle fresh water in to the fish tanks. Plants convert the carbon dioxide into oxygen, hence acting as natural water aeration systems. This form is currently making a huge comeback with many farmers, households and communities trying to implement it in their backyards or in their farms.
Modern aquaponics is technologically advanced and is an efficient and effective way of producing natural food. Fishes are reared in large tanks, and the plants are nurtured hydroponically. They are implanted in beds with a little gravel or clay, and their roots hang down into the water. The water is cycled through the system so that it collects the residual waste from the fish; then it is pumped to the plant beds, where it is cleaned naturally by the plants and can then be returned to the fish tanks.
Investments in commercial large scale aquaponics projects are increasing widely due to a booming organic food market and growing urban farming. Aquaponics market is relatively fragmented with the presence of few players at country level and lack of regional and global companies.
In regional segments, North America and Europe possess significant potential whereas Asia-Pacific and other developing markets possess growth opportunities for Aquaponics over the forecast period. The technological advancement, growing investment by key stakeholders, and increasing demand for organic products in Europe and North American Region are promoting the growth of Aquaponics Market.
Aquaponics market can be segmented by type MFG, NFT, DWC, etc. and the revenue proportion of DWC in 2016 is about 47%. MFC is the simplest form of aquaponics, NFT is not common in aquaponics industry and the price of DWC is the highest. The growth of aquaponics market is mainly due to technological advancement. The key driver of aquaponics market is that it helps in enhancing the ultimate productivity with minimum inputs than traditional agriculture and aquaculture practices. Aquaponics is an advantageous technology as it helps in improving ultimate productivity in cost effective manner.
The main players include Nelson and Pade, Backyard Aquaponics, Aquaponics USA, PentairAES, Gothic Arch Greenhouses, Stuppy, Aquaponic Source, Urban Farmers AG, PFAS, EcoGro, Aquaponic Lynx, Aquaponics Place, Endless Food Systems, Aonefarm, ECF Farm Systems, Japan Aquaponics, Evo Farm, Water Farmers and etc. The industry is not so mature recently.
The worldwide market for Aquaponics is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly xx% over the next five years, will reach xx million US$ in 2024, from xx million US$ in 2019.
This report focuses on the Aquaponics in global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.
Market Segment by Manufacturers, this report covers
Nelson and Pade
Aquaponic Source
Aquaponics USA
PentairAES
Gothic Arch Greenhouses
ECF Farm Systems
Urban Farmers
EcoGro
Aquaponic Lynx
Aquaponics Place
Endless Food Systems
Aonefarm
Japan Aquaponics
Evo Farm
Water Farmers
Market Segment by Regions, regional analysis covers
Market Segment by Type, covers
Media Filled Growbeds (MFG)
Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
Deep Water Culture (DWC)
Market Segment by Applications, can be divided into
Chapter 1, to describe Aquaponics product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Aquaponics, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Aquaponics in 2017 and 2018.
Chapter 3, the Aquaponics competitive situation, sales, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Aquaponics breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales, revenue and growth by regions, from 2014 to 2019.
Chapter 12, Aquaponics market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2019 to 2024.
Chapter 13, 14 and 15, to describe Aquaponics sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion, appendix and data source.
1 Market Overview
1.1 Aquaponics Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Media Filled Growbeds (MFG)
1.2.2 Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
1.2.3 Deep Water Culture (DWC)
1.3 Market Analysis by Applications
1.3.1 Academic
1.3.3 Family
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
1.4.1.1 United States Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.1.2 Canada Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.1.3 Mexico Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
1.4.2.1 Germany Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.2 France Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.3 UK Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.4 Russia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.2.5 Italy Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
1.4.3.1 China Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.2 Japan Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.3 Korea Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.4 India Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.3.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4 South America, Middle East and Africa
1.4.4.1 Brazil Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.2 Egypt Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.3 Saudi Arabia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.4 South Africa Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.4.4.5 Turkey Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
1.5.1 Market Opportunities
1.5.2 Market Risk
1.5.3 Market Driving Force
2.1 Nelson and Pade
2.1.2 Aquaponics Type and Applications
2.1.3 Nelson and Pade Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.2 Aquaponic Source
2.2.3 Aquaponic Source Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.3 Backyard Aquaponics
2.3.3 Backyard Aquaponics Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.4 Aquaponics USA
2.4.3 Aquaponics USA Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.5 PentairAES
2.5.3 PentairAES Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.6 Gothic Arch Greenhouses
2.6.3 Gothic Arch Greenhouses Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.7 Stuppy
2.7.3 Stuppy Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.8 ECF Farm Systems
2.8.3 ECF Farm Systems Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.9 Urban Farmers
2.9.3 Urban Farmers Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.10 PFAS
2.10.1 Business Overview
2.10.2 Aquaponics Type and Applications
2.10.3 PFAS Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.11 EcoGro
2.11.3 EcoGro Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.12 Aquaponic Lynx
2.12.3 Aquaponic Lynx Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.13 Aquaponics Place
2.13.3 Aquaponics Place Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.14 Endless Food Systems
2.14.3 Endless Food Systems Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.15 Aonefarm
2.15.3 Aonefarm Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.16 Japan Aquaponics
2.16.3 Japan Aquaponics Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.17 Evo Farm
2.17.3 Evo Farm Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
2.18 Water Farmers
2.18.3 Water Farmers Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
3 Global Aquaponics Sales, Revenue, Market Share and Competition by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
3.1 Global Aquaponics Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
3.2 Global Aquaponics Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
3.3.1 Top 3 Aquaponics Manufacturer Market Share in 2018
4 Global Aquaponics Market Analysis by Regions
4.1 Global Aquaponics Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
4.1.1 Global Aquaponics Sales and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
4.1.2 Global Aquaponics Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
4.2 North America Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.3 Europe Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.5 South America Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
5 North America Aquaponics by Country
5.1 North America Aquaponics Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
5.1.1 North America Aquaponics Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
5.1.2 North America Aquaponics Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
5.2 United States Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
5.3 Canada Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
5.4 Mexico Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6 Europe Aquaponics by Country
6.1 Europe Aquaponics Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
6.1.1 Europe Aquaponics Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
6.1.2 Europe Aquaponics Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
6.2 Germany Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.3 UK Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.4 France Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.5 Russia Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
6.6 Italy Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7 Asia-Pacific Aquaponics by Country
7.1 Asia-Pacific Aquaponics Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Aquaponics Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Aquaponics Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
7.2 China Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.3 Japan Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.4 Korea Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.5 India Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
7.6 Southeast Asia Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
8 South America Aquaponics by Country
8.1 South America Aquaponics Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
8.1.1 South America Aquaponics Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
8.1.2 South America Aquaponics Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
8.2 Brazil Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
8.3 Argentina Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
8.4 Colombia Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9 Middle East and Africa Aquaponics by Countries
9.1 Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
9.2 Saudi Arabia Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.3 Turkey Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.4 Egypt Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.5 Nigeria Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
9.6 South Africa Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
10 Global Aquaponics Market Segment by Type
10.1 Global Aquaponics Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
10.1.1 Global Aquaponics Sales and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
10.1.2 Global Aquaponics Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
10.2 Media Filled Growbeds (MFG) Sales Growth and Price
10.2.1 Global Media Filled Growbeds (MFG) Sales Growth (2014-2019)
10.2.2 Global Media Filled Growbeds (MFG) Price (2014-2019)
10.3 Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Sales Growth and Price
10.3.1 Global Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Sales Growth (2014-2019)
10.3.2 Global Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Price (2014-2019)
10.4 Deep Water Culture (DWC) Sales Growth and Price
10.4.1 Global Deep Water Culture (DWC) Sales Growth (2014-2019)
10.4.2 Global Deep Water Culture (DWC) Price (2014-2019)
10.5 Others Sales Growth and Price
10.5.1 Global Others Sales Growth (2014-2019)
10.5.2 Global Others Price (2014-2019)
11 Global Aquaponics Market Segment by Application
11.1 Global Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
11.2 Academic Sales Growth (2014-2019)
11.3 Commercial Sales Growth (2014-2019)
11.4 Family Sales Growth (2014-2019)
11.5 Others Sales Growth (2014-2019)
12 Aquaponics Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.1 Global Aquaponics Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
12.2 Aquaponics Market Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
12.2.1 North America Aquaponics Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.2 Europe Aquaponics Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.3 Asia-Pacific Aquaponics Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.4 South America Aquaponics Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.2.5 Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Market Forecast (2019-2024)
12.3 Aquaponics Market Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
12.3.1 Global Aquaponics Sales Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
12.3.2 Global Aquaponics Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
12.4 Aquaponics Market Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
12.4.1 Global Aquaponics Sales Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
12.4.2 Global Aquaponics Market Share Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1.3 Marketing Channel Future Trend
13.2 Distributors, Traders and Dealers
15.1 Methodology
Figure Aquaponics Picture
Table Product Specifications of Aquaponics
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Aquaponics by Types in 2018
Table Aquaponics Types for Major Manufacturers
Figure Media Filled Growbeds (MFG) Picture
Figure Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Picture
Figure Deep Water Culture (DWC) Picture
Figure Others Picture
Figure Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Academic Picture
Figure Commercial Picture
Figure Family Picture
Figure United States Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Canada Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Mexico Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Germany Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure France Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure UK Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Russia Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Italy Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure China Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Japan Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Korea Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure India Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Southeast Asia Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Brazil Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Egypt Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Saudi Arabia Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure South Africa Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Figure Nigeria Aquaponics Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024)
Table Nelson and Pade Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Nelson and Pade Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Nelson and Pade Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Aquaponic Source Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Aquaponic Source Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Aquaponic Source Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Backyard Aquaponics Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Backyard Aquaponics Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Backyard Aquaponics Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Aquaponics USA Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Aquaponics USA Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Aquaponics USA Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table PentairAES Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table PentairAES Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table PentairAES Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Gothic Arch Greenhouses Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Gothic Arch Greenhouses Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Gothic Arch Greenhouses Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Stuppy Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Stuppy Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Stuppy Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table ECF Farm Systems Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table ECF Farm Systems Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table ECF Farm Systems Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Urban Farmers Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Urban Farmers Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Urban Farmers Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table PFAS Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table PFAS Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table PFAS Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table EcoGro Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table EcoGro Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table EcoGro Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Aquaponic Lynx Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Aquaponic Lynx Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Aquaponic Lynx Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Aquaponics Place Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Aquaponics Place Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Aquaponics Place Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Endless Food Systems Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Endless Food Systems Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Endless Food Systems Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Aonefarm Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Aonefarm Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Aonefarm Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Japan Aquaponics Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Japan Aquaponics Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Japan Aquaponics Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Evo Farm Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Evo Farm Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Evo Farm Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Water Farmers Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table Water Farmers Aquaponics Type and Applications
Table Water Farmers Aquaponics Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
Table Global Aquaponics Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
Figure Global Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2017
Table Global Aquaponics Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
Figure Global Aquaponics Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2017
Figure Top 3 Aquaponics Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2018
Figure Global Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Global Aquaponics Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Global Aquaponics Sales by Regions (2014-2019)
Table Global Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
Table Global Aquaponics Revenue by Regions (2014-2019)
Figure Global Aquaponics Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2014
Figure North America Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure South America Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure North America Aquaponics Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table North America Aquaponics Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table North America Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure North America Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Countries in 2014
Table North America Aquaponics Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Table North America Aquaponics Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure North America Aquaponics Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2014
Figure United States Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Canada Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Mexico Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Aquaponics Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Europe Aquaponics Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Europe Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Europe Aquaponics Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Aquaponics Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2017
Figure Germany Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure UK Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure France Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Russia Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Italy Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Aquaponics Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Asia-Pacific Aquaponics Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Asia-Pacific Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Countries 2018
Table Asia-Pacific Aquaponics Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Asia-Pacific Aquaponics Revenue Market Share by Countries 2018
Figure China Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Japan Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Korea Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure India Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Southeast Asia Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure South America Aquaponics Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table South America Aquaponics Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table South America Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure South America Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018
Table South America Aquaponics Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Table South America Aquaponics Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure South America Aquaponics Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018
Figure Brazil Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Argentina Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Colombia Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Sales by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018
Table Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Revenue by Countries (2014-2019)
Table Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Middle East and Africa Aquaponics Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2014
Figure Saudi Arabia Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure UAE Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Egypt Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure Nigeria Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Figure South Africa Aquaponics Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Global Aquaponics Sales by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Aquaponics Sales Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Aquaponics Revenue by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Aquaponics Revenue Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Media Filled Growbeds (MFG) Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Media Filled Growbeds (MFG) Price (2014-2019)
Figure Global Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Price (2014-2019)
Figure Global Deep Water Culture (DWC) Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Deep Water Culture (DWC) Price (2014-2019)
Figure Global Others Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Others Price (2014-2019)
Table Global Aquaponics Sales by Application (2014-2019)
Table Global Aquaponics Sales Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Commercial Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Family Sales Growth (2014-2019)
Figure Global Aquaponics Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Table Global Aquaponics Sales Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
Table Global Aquaponics Market Share Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
Figure North America Sales Aquaponics Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure Europe Sales Aquaponics Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure Asia-Pacific Sales Aquaponics Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure South America Sales Aquaponics Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Figure Middle East and Africa Sales Aquaponics Market Forecast (2019-2024)
Table Global Aquaponics Sales Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Aquaponics Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Aquaponics Sales Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Aquaponics Market Share Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
Table Distributors/Traders/ Dealers
Global Glass Cleaner Market Insights, Forecast to 2025
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The name of firm is ACH INFOQUEST PVT LTD where total three equity holders Sandeep Jadhav, Amit Bhurke, Rushikesh Babar will be heading the company. The name ACH stands for ATTITUDE, COURAGE, HUMILITY, INFO for information and QUEST for deep research. At initial stage the firm will be having its six departments one is DATA DEVELOPMENT & OPERATIONS, SOFTWARE, MARKET RESEARCH, CONSULTING, CLIENT COMMUNICATION AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT at initial stage we are outsourcing software work to software service provider.The name of firm is ACH INFOQUEST PVT LTD where total three equity holders Sandeep Jadhav, Amit Bhurke, Rushikesh Babar will be heading the company. The name ACH stands for ATTITUDE, COURAGE, HUMILITY, INFO for information and QUEST for deep research. At initial stage the firm will be having its six departments one is DATA DEVELOPMENT & OPERATIONS, SOFTWARE, MARKET RESEARCH, CONSULTING, CLIENT COMMUNICATION AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT at initial stage we are outsourcing software work to software service provider.


Caller : Are God and Jesus the same person and if so, why does the Bible make them sound like two different people? Thank you.
Pastor Doug : All right, thank you David. Is God and Jesus the same person. God is made up of three persons. There are three persons in the Godhead. The Bible speaks of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Is Jesus God? Yes. He's God the Son. And now let me give you some Scriptures. The Bible says in the Beginning God made the heaven and the earth and the Bible says God said, "Let Us [plural] make man in Our [plural] image." Later in Genesis chapter 11, speaking of the Tower of Babel, God came down and said, "Let Us go down and confound the man's language." And then earlier God says, "Man has become like Us, to know good and evil." He [man] was driven from the Garden of Eden – so God refers to Himself as plural.
The Bible tells us that in the beginning God made the heaven and the earth. You go to the New Testament, speaking of Jesus who is The Word says, "All things were made by Him, and without Him was not anything made that was made." And that's the Gospel of John, chapter 1.
Pastor Doug : So you've got a lot of places in the Bible where Jesus is identified as God.
Some of the characteristics of God are only God knows the thoughts of men's hearts. That's in 1st Kings chapter 8. The Bible says Jesus knew what was in man's heart. The Bible says only God can forgive sin. Well we know Jesus forgave sin. The Bible tells us we're to worship God only. Jesus was to be worshipped and He received worship, especially after His Resurrection. So the characteristics that God has are described within the Bible, which Jesus contained. He is God the Son. God the Father so loved the world He sent God the Son, who died on our behalf and that's portrayed in the Storacle of Abraham taking his son Isaac up the mountain. So thanks for your question!


Rustix has made so much live edge furniture for adults to enjoy, we thought we'd give a little back to the next generation. As it's almost time to welcome a new member to the growing Rustix family, we decided to unveil a solid-wood, modern baby crib that doesn't just look nice – it's also safe for your baby in every way!
Why Choose Rustix Baby Cribs?
of wood that we've come to know exactly how they're made and treated. We know what chemicals are in engineered wood products like particle board, and we didn't want our children around it.
Many different wood products are made specifically via chemical treatments. One commonly-used material for baby furniture, medium-density fibreboard (MDF), is raising some health concerns because it's bound with an adhesive containing urea-formaldehyde, a chemical that "off-gasses" (gives off fumes into the air around it, even after it's dried). Any wooden furniture or home products made from MDF or treated with these kinds of chemicals can off-gas and release toxins into the air. Off-gassing of formaldehyde can lead to skin, eye, and throat irritation, allergic reactions, fatigue, and other serious side effects.
Your child isn't just going to breath in the fumes that might come off it, though. They'll do what babies do as they're learning: put stuff in their mouths. As they grow and learn to move about on their own two feet, that wood is going to end up being licked and gummed and used for a leg up. It's a very sensitive time for your child, and yet so many furniture companies leave them exposed to treated wood and finishing products that give off fumes. It really shouldn't be this way!
What are Rustix Baby Cribs Made From?
Our cribs are modern style and made from solid wood, which is a much safer option for babies and parents alike. The wood we use doesn't need artificial binding agents or chemical treatments to stay strong. Like every other piece of Rustix furniture, the wood comes from natural sources and is perfected with safe stains and finishes.
For this new line of cribs, you'll be able to choose from ash, maple, and walnut, giving you a variety of options that can go with any decor scheme. Every piece is matte finished with a dye-free stain and food-grade finish, so everything that we use on the wood won't harm your littles. These cribs will allow your child to grow and develop in a safer, more solid environment!
If you're intrigued, but want to see them for yourself, you're in luck! You'll be able to pre-order the Rustix baby cribs at the Modern Mom Christmas Show November 23 and 24 at the Western Fair Grounds for a January 2019 delivery date.
This entry was posted in News, Residential and tagged baby, baby cribs, custom furniture, design, design studio, family, furniture, live edge, live edge furniture, live edge table, live edge wood, modern rustic, natural cribs, solid wood cribs.


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Now that The Record Exchange 33 1/3 Anniversary has come and gone, we would like to thank all of our customers who supported our 8-day sale, came to an RX in-store and generally rocked the Casbah like you always do.
We would also like to thank BeauSoleil avec Michael Doucet, Jeremiah James Gang and the thousands of live music fans who came down to the Grove Plaza on a beautiful fall evening and helped us bring the Alive After Five season to a close in memorable fashion.
Keep supporting local music, keep supporting local business and keep on rocking in the free world!
Previous RX INDIE STORE EXCLUSIVES: FEVER RAY, SOUNDGARDEN, LLOYD COLE AND MORE!


text:
Testimony begins in hearing on fatal October…
Testimony begins in hearing on fatal October shooting in Gridley
By Ryan Olson |
PUBLISHED: June 11, 2013 at 12:00 am | UPDATED: September 8, 2018 at 12:00 am
OROVILLE — Testimony began Monday for three men charged for a fatal vehicle-to-vehicle shooting in Gridley.
Witnesses in Butte County Superior Court included two males who were in the same vehicle as victim Alonzo Robles-Morales, then 18, on Oct. 1.
One of them, a 15-year-old, provided a general timeline of events leading to the shooting near Cedar and Indiana streets, but said he didn"t recall telling police who the alleged shooter was.
The other male, Javier Escalante, 18, claimed he had tried to block out the details of Robles-Morales" death and couldn"t recall much of what happened.
The hearing was set to determine whether there is probable cause to hold Alejandro Javier Gonzalez, 20; Fredy Caudillo, 18; and Ricky Caudillo, 17; for trial.
All three face felony counts of murder for Robles-Morales" death and shooting at an occupied vehicle. They also face gang and firearm enhancements.
The Caudillos face additional charges of shooting at an occupied vehicle and an inhabited dwelling for their alleged role in a shootout at the south Oroville 7-Eleven store the following evening.
The 15-year-old, who is presently in custody, testified he was picked up by the driver of a black Hummer. They later picked up Escalante and Robles-Morales.
The teen said he had belonged to a gang in Tracy, but was unsure if his friends did.
The four went to the Butte County Housing Authority Farm Labor Camp on East Gridley Road, where they smoked marijuana and drank beer before being asked to leave by security.
Heading back to Gridley, Robles-Morales reportedly told the driver to turn around because there were members of a rival gang standing outside a residence. They turned around and yelled insults, but didn"t stop because they were concerned one of the people was getting a weapon.
The teen said they drove past the residence, but stopped a short distance away, got out and grabbed rocks to throw at the rivals" vehicle that drove past them.
Robles-Morales" group got back into their vehicle and drove off. They encountered the other vehicle a few minutes later, heading toward them.
As the vehicles passed, the 15-year-old heard a shot and Robles-Morales slumped in his front passenger seat, unconscious and coughing up blood.
They went to Biggs-Gridley Memorial Hospital, where Robles-Morales was taken into the emergency room. The Hummer was left in the parking lot and later taken for evidence.
Robles-Morales was later transported to Enloe Medical Center in Chico, where he died the following day of the single gunshot wound above his left eye.
When Escalante testified, he said he couldn"t recall much of what happened because he was in shock. Under a grant of limited immunity, he recalled going to the farm labor camp to play basketball.
Of the shooting itself, Escalante said he was texting his fiancé when he heard a shot and he looked up to see Robles-Morales struck. He said he didn"t recall his whereabouts.
Ricky Caudillo"s girlfriend, 15, testified she left high school with him at around lunchtime. They went to the Caudillo residence and then with Fredy Caudillo to pick up her cousin and another female. When they were getting into the vehicle, she said she saw Fredy Caudillo pull a gun from his pants and place it under his seat.
The girlfriend said they picked up someone named Mickey, and went to a residence for him to change his clothes.
After most of the group exited the vehicle, a black Hummer pulled up. She recognized Robles-Morales in the front passenger seat, because they dated for a week two years ago.
The girl said Robles-Morales yelled a gang name and pointed a gun at the Caudillos. The males set off in their respective vehicles, while the females headed toward a corn field.
She later called Fredy Caudillo and they were picked up and taken to the south Oroville 7-Eleven, where she learned Robles-Morales had been shot.
She started crying, but didn"t explain why. Fredy Caudillo allegedly cried and said he didn"t mean to kill him.
The following day, the Caudillos and their vehicle were stopped in Oroville by deputies because it had reportedly been seen at the 7-Eleven during a shootout at 5:30 p.m. on Oct. 2.
Sheriff"s detective Patrick McNelis responded to the convenience store after the shooting, where the occupants of a tan Buick exchanged fire with those from a red classic car. No one was injured, but a pickup at the store and an adjacent residence were struck by gunfire.
Investigators recovered six .380-caliber shell casings and five 9-mm casings.
During the investigation, McNelis spotted a tan Buick heading south on Lincoln. Another deputy made the traffic stop.
A search of the vehicle reportedly revealed an empty .380-caliber handgun under the driver"s seat. McNelis said they also found a .22-caliber magazine in the console and a live round in the rear passenger area. Investigators had believed a .22-handgun was used in the Robles-Morales shooting.
The hearing is set to conclude this afternoon.
The defendants remain in custody.
Reach Ryan Olson at 896-7763 or rolson@chicoer.com.
Big task, little homeless birds in Fairfield
Legal proceedings reset for Vaca ex-con facing attempted murder charge


Looking for books, books, and more books? A Book Barn of the Finger Lakes is located in Dryden, NY, adjacent to the traffic light for Tompkins-Cortland Community College, but accessible only via North Rd. at Lacey's Corners. The 19th c. farmstead's 3 barns are stained red & green. 2 1/2 miles of shelving. "World Famous" bookstore selling Used, Rare, and Scholarly books in 364.2 categories. Hours: Mon-Sat. 10am-5:30pm, Sun. 12-5pm.


text:
The Atlácatl Battalion (Spanish: ) was a rapid-response, counter-insurgency battalion of the Salvadoran Army created in 1981. It was implicated in some of the most infamous massacres of the Salvadoran Civil War, and as a result, it was disbanded by the Chapultepec Peace Accords in 1992. It was named after Atlácatl, a legendary indigenous figure from the Spanish conquest of El Salvador.

History

The Salvadoran Civil War began on 15 October 1979 with the overthrow of President Carlos Humberto Romero. The military established the Revolutionary Government Junta to govern the country in the wake of the coup and it established itself to be a "reformist" junta. The United States was covertly involved in the coup and actively supported the junta.

In January 1981, the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), a left-wing guerrilla group opposed to the junta, began an offensive against the junta and marched on military targets, most notably the Ilopango Airport. In reaction, the United States increased military and economic assistance to the junta and helped establish the Rapid Deployment Infantry Battalions, a network of specialized counter-insurgent army units. The first unit formed was the Atlácatl Battalion in March 1981, followed by the Atonal Battalion in January 1982 and the Belloso Battalion in May 1982. The battalion was named after Atlácatl, a legendary indigenous figure from the Spanish conquest of El Salvador who fought against conquistador Pedro de Alvarado.

The United States sent fifteen counter-insurgent specialists to El Salvador in March 1981 to train the newly formed battalion. Weapons, ground vehicles, and helicopters were sent to the battalion which numbered around 2,000 soldiers.

The battalion was disbanded in 1992 under the terms of the Chapultepec Peace Accords that ended the twelve-year civil war.

Investigation by the Truth Commission for El Salvador

In the early 1990s, the Truth Commission for El Salvador was established by the United Nations to investigate war crimes committed during the civil war. The report concluded that the battalion was responsible for the El Mozote massacre, the El Calabozo massacre, and the 1989 murder of six Jesuit priests. The Battalion was also implicated in the killing of around 50 civilians on the banks of the Guaslinga river. Human Rights Watch independently linked the battalion to additional massacres not cited in the UNTC report including dozens of people killed in Tenancingo and Copapayo in 1983, sixty-eight people killed in Los Llanitos, and three separate killings of civilians in 1989.

See also

List of massacres in El Salvador

References

Bibliography

1980 establishments in Panama
Military of El Salvador
Massacres in El Salvador
Salvadoran Civil War
Military units and formations of the Cold War
Military units and formations established in 1980
Military units and formations disestablished in 1992

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Międzynarodowe Zawody Lekkoatletyczne "Bieg Asów" 1972 – mityng lekkoatletyczny rozegrany 1 maja 1972 w Warszawie.

Rozegrano biegi na 1500 i 10 000 metrów kobiet i mężczyzn (bieg na 1500 m kobiet w dwóch seriach) oraz konkursy pchnięcia kulą kobiet i mężczyzn.

Rezultaty

Mężczyźni

Kobiety

Zobacz też
 Bieg Asów 1970

Bibliografia

1972 w lekkoatletyce
Lekkoatletyka w Warszawie
Międzynarodowe imprezy sportowe w Polsce
1972 w polskim sporcie


text:
PlayStation.com (Asia) Singapore
PlayStation.com (Asia) - Singapore
Important Notice (Archive)
Notice of "MAG", "SOCOM 4: U.S. Navy SEALs" and "SOCOM: Confrontation" Service Termination
Online multiplayer servers of the following PlayStation®3 games are no longer in service as they were shutdown on January 28, 2014.
SOCOM 4: U.S. Navy SEALs
SOCOM: Confrontation
After the date, you will still be able to play these games offline, with the exception of MAG and SOCOM: Confrontation, which do not have offline modes.
We would like to thank everyone who has taken part in these PlayStation online communities and hope you enjoyed them.


text:
Chhattisgarh Chief Minister extends hearty wishes on engineer day
ChhattisgarhNational NewsState News
By India Education Diary Bureau Admin On Sep 15, 2020
Raipur: Chief Minister Mr. Bhupesh Baghel has extended hearty wishes to all the engineers on the occasion of Engineer Day. In his greeting message released today, Mr. Baghel said that in the memory of Bharat Ratna Sir Mokshagundam Vishwarayya, the great engineer of India, we celebrate his birthday on September 15 as Engineer Day. He is remembered with great respect as 'Vishwakarma' of modern India. Sir Vishwarayya made an outstanding contribution in the field of engineering in India with his extraordinary vision and talent. He has made an unprecedented contribution in making Karnataka state of South India a developed and prosperous region. Nation remembers him for his excellent technical skills and contribution in construction of several damsincluding the Krishna Raj Sagar Dam in Mysore, and has also contributed in setting up of several industries. Chief Minister said that role of engineers is important in building any nation and state. Sir Vishwarayya's dedication to his work is inspiring and exemplary for all. Mr. Baghel called upon the engineers to take inspiration from the ideals and works of Sir Vishwarayya and contribute to the growth of the state.
Mr Bean celebrates 30 years on screen
Kalinga Literary Festival hosted popular mythologist and researcher Ashwin Sanghi at KLF Bhava Samvad


The Danube River raises at the confluence of the two source river Brigach and Breg near Donaueschingen in the Black Forest in Germany. However, by agreement the source of the Danube is considered a spring in the castle of Donaueschingen.
The Danube River is 2778 km long (from confluence of the Breg and Brigach) and drains 817000 km² with a mean annual water volume of 6550 m3/s discharged into the Black Sea. Out of the 18 countries in the Danube River Basin, 13 countries have substantial territory within the basin. The basin area includes all of Hungary; nearly all parts of Austria, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia and FR Yugoslavia; significant parts of Bosnia - Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Moldova and small parts of Germany and Ukraine. Switzerland, Italy, Poland, Macedonia and Albania have areas smaller than 2000 km².
The Danube River discharges into the Black Sea through a delta that represents the second largest natural wetland in Europe. The Basin is characterised by an aquatic ecosystem with numerous important natural areas, including wetlands and floodplains. It is not only of a high environmental but also economic and social value. It supports the drinking water supply, agriculture, industry, fishing, tourism and recreation, power generation, navigation and the end disposal of wastewater.
A large number of dams, dikes, navigation locks and other hydraulic structures have been built throughout the region.
Utilizing water resources for important human activities, such as municipal ones, industry and agriculture, has resulted in changes in the hydrological systems. Problems of water quality and quantity have been created, including significant environmental damage and impaired quality of life.
extends from the source of the Danube River to Bratislava. After the confluence of the two source rivers Brigach and Breg the Danube River follows the fault gap of the German Alb. Major tributaries from the south, including the rivers Iller, Lech, Isar, Inn, Salzach, Traun and Enns, drain the alpine sub-basin and augment the discharge in the Danube substantially. The Morava River is in this region the most important river from the north, draining the Czech part of the DRB and smaller areas of Slovakia and Austria.
is the largest of the three regions, extending from the confluence with the river Morava at Bratislava to the Iron Gate dams. Here the river enters a flatland region.
from the right bank side the rivers Leitha, Raab, Drava, Sava and Moldova Veche.
From Moldova Veche the river flows through a 117 km long gorge between the Carpathiens and the Balkan mountains, which has been filled up by large reservoirs for the purpose of hydro-power utilization and navigation.
is formed by the Romanian-Bulgarian lowlands and their surrounding upland plateaus and mountains. From the mouth of the river Timok to Silistra the Danube forms the Romanian-Bulgarian border, flowing mostly east. In this region the Danube is a wide, slow-moving river with extensive, well developed alluvial plains especially on the left- bank Romanian side; the right-bank Bulgarian side is a narrow riverine plain flanked by a steep bank.
Few of the tributaries in the lower region influence the hydrology of the Danube River. Although many of them have large catchment areas, their flow is small in comparison to that of the main river. The last two large left-bank tributaries are the Siret and Prut rivers.
is largely situated in Romania and partly in Ukraine. The entire protected area covers 679,000 ha including floodplains and marine areas. The core of the reserve (312,400 ha) has been established as a "World Nature Heritage" in 1991. The Delta has a canal network of 3,463 km, with a density of 1.03 km/km². The highest density of canals is between the arms Chilia and Sulina, 1,17 km/km², while between Sulina and Sf. Gheorghe their density is only 0.71 km/km². There are 668 natural lakes larger than one hectare and with 9,28 % of the Delta's surface. The Delta is an environmental buffer between the Danube River and the Black Sea, filtering out pollutants and permitting both water quality conditions and natural habitats for fish in the Delta and in the environmentally vulnerable shallow waters of the north-western Black Sea. Moreover, it is Europe's largest remaining natural wetland, with unique ecosystems with extensive reed beds, forests, sand dunes and grasslands. It is home to several rare bird species, an important resting point for migrating birds, rich in fish and unusual flora.


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Why Kit Hoover Says Her Access Hollywood Audition Was 'So Bad' - Exclusive
By Kelsie Calderon/Jan. 14, 2022 10:52 am EST
Before ever stepping foot on the set of "Access Hollywood," Kit Hoover was a stay-at-home mom. She had her time on television and was now dedicating every free moment she had to her family. "I was probably 40 something by then, the phone was not ringing with the jobs coming in," she explained during an exclusive interview with The List. "The joke is that I told my agents to hold all calls. I was going to take a beat, but nobody was calling."
By this point, she had adjusted to her slower paced life out of the spotlight. Hoover had no plans of that ever changing either. "We had our three children and, I mean, I was really happy in Fairfield, Connecticut," she admitted — until she received a surprising phone call that would completely change her life.
The team from "Access Hollywood" had seen her onscreen and hoped that she would come in and audition for their open hosting gig. It took her no time at all to accept their invitation, though it wasn't exactly because she was excited to be on air again. "I only took the interview because I just wanted a break from the three kids," she revealed, and when she got there she said, "I botched the audition."
Kit Hoover never thought she'd get the hosting gig after her audition
Casey Durkin/NBCUniversal
When Kit Hoover arrived in Hollywood, she was not in the right frame of mind for an audition. She was just happy to be able to have some vacation time to herself. "No part of me thought I wanted this job, I was going to get this job," she admitted to The List. Instead, she expected to be back home to her kids in Connecticut by the end of the week.
Though Hoover did take the time to interview with the "Access" team, it seemed that everything that could go wrong on set that day did. "I was so bad," she explained of her audition. "They had an earpiece in. It kept popping out. I had self-tanned my legs, and they were slippery."
Needless to say, Hoover certainly wasn't expecting to receive a callback — so it was a shock to her when she did. "After the interview, they called me in, and we talked for two hours," she said. "And, all of a sudden, I was like, 'Do y'all like me? Because I am not moving to California.'"
Here's why Kit Hoover wanted to host Access Hollywood
After returning to her hometown in Connecticut, Kit Hoover told her husband all about what had happened in Hollywood — and how she was going to refuse the official offer that "Access" had made her. "I don't think I'm your typical entertainment looking reporter from back in the day," she told The List.
It wasn't until the two were having coffee the next morning that he turned to her and told her something pretty unexpected. They're words that she has never forgotten either: "you're going to regret that you didn't try this," he said, and it was something that she certainly couldn't disagree with.
It was only a few months later that the two listed their home in Connecticut and found a new one in Hollywood. "I came out with the three babies, and we started this boondoggle," Hoover said. "Yeah, and 11 years later, I'm still here."
You can catch Kit Hoover weekdays on "Access Hollywood" and "Access Daily." Check your local listings.


Get Your Furnace and Insulation Ready for Fall, Today!
It's August and you know what that means, Fall is quickly approaching! It's the time of year when you want to get out of the house, head to the beach, jump in the water and enjoy the outdoors and beautiful sunshine. The summer months are a time where we are relying heavily on our central air conditioning system, and not so much on our furnace that heats the home when it gets cold. The summer months are a great time, though, to do some necessary heating maintenance. As Florida homeowners, we don't always think about the maintenance behind heating up our homes. In the winter months, when it gets too cold inside of the home, our immediate reaction is to turn up the heat. The summer months are the best time to prepare for the coming cold months. Is your home temperature not regulated because of your air conditioning or is the insulation to blame?
Now that the winter months re over you are going to be in a good position to do some of the easy maintenance tasks for the furnace. One of the easiest of them all is changing the furnace filter. This is a very good time to do this that way once it starts to get cold again, you can rely on that furnace being ready to go. Take the filter out that has been in there all winter long and get a replacement for it. Make sure you read the old filter so that you end up with one that is of the same size and such.
Another great thing to do here is to vacuum out the area where the filter is placed. You would be amazed at the amount of dust and such that can build up in this area in no time at all. The blower fan is another spot that can be worthwhile to throw the vacuum on, just to get any dust that has built up out of there.
The insulation factor is not the first thing that we usually think about as homeowners when we are working on the temperature regulation of our home, but it should be. So many homes that were built 20, 30 even 40-years ago simply have insulation that is just not adequate any longer. Technology has changed. Think about what residential air conditioning systems looked like 30-years ago. Would you install that same system today or would you go with a more current model?
The summer months are also ideal to have a tune-up done of your furnace. Our professionals can get this scheduled so that we can come out and give the furnace a great look-over. We will be checking all of the main components, cleaning away, and just making sure that everything looks good. The furnace is going to be relied on again when it is cold, so you mine as well put in the work now to have our professionals get it ready.
Taking care of any minor repairs that you know are going to be needed is also a good idea for the summer. If the tune-up identifies areas that may need to be replaced, we can work with you on that to get those scheduled, to regain things in order. Repairs done by our professionals will be much easier to get on the calendar in the summer than they will when it is cold out, and everyone's furnaces start to break. The reason you are doing the maintenance now is to be proactive, so take advantage!
Adequate insulation is going to help you ensure that you can save on energy costs month-to-month. Research has found that the return on investment from having insulation replaced in your attic is the highest of any home improvement activity. This is not because it ups the value of your home as much, but it is instead because of the energy savings that it is going to bring to the table. When you have proper insulation, your residential air conditioning system is going to be able to take a bit of a break, not have to work as hard, to generate the same cold air that it is generating now.
The kind of fuel that you have for the furnace is also going to affect the maintenance. If you have a gas or a propane furnace, the chances are that you have a pilot light. You want to be switching the pilot light off during the warmer months of the year. This is also going to help your central air conditioning system in the efficiency space. Turning Off the oil valve or fuel line is also a quality step to consider taking at this point.
Guarantee that you're prepared for the winter months that are to come by maintaining and tending to both your furnace and insulation. Nothing is worse than freezing in Florida. Be a smart home owner and get one of our professionals out to check out your heating system, furnace and insulation are a big deal to us, so is your home. We're always ready to chat with you about creating a maintenance plan for your HVAC system.


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Vancouver Fire Hall Achieves Zero Carbon Certification, Incorporates Structural Thermal Breaks
Schöck Isokorb® concrete-to-concrete structural thermal break transfers bending moments and shear forces, while preventing heat energy waste, chilled interior floors, and formation of condensation and mold.
City of Vancouver sets aggressive environmental goals for the new facility
Vancouver's new Fire Hall 17 reflects the city's design challenge to build a structure that meets the design certification requirements of the Canada Green Building Council's Zero Carbon Building Program, one of 16 such pilot projects in Canada. The partners are also pursuing LEED Gold certification and, if approved, the building will be the first fire hall in North America to attain Passive House certification. These ambitious targets were set to align with City's sustainability policies. According to HCMA Architecture and Design, the building will reduce operational carbon emissions by 77 percent, compared with the fire hall it is replacing.
The 19,375 sq ft (1800 m2) facility comprises four drive-through apparatus bays, accommodations for two firefighting crews and offices in the main building, and a six-story hose storage/training tower. Like all fire halls in Canada, the facility will serve as a post-disaster emergency hub, which requires a resilient building that can withstand seismic events.
To meet the seismic requirements of Canada's National Building code, the building has a stout reinforced concrete structure with a structural steel frame for portions of the third level. The main building is clad in brick and metal panels that cant outward at the base giving the form a strong and sturdy presence.
This model of Schöck Isokorb® thermal break is a load-bearing thermal insulation element for transfer of earthquake forces parallel to the insulation layer as well as uplift forces when used in combination with concrete-to-concrete structural thermal breaks.
Mitigating exterior and interior thermal bridging
Central to meeting zero carbon goals is the building's high-performance envelope, which wraps reinforced concrete walls with an 8 in. (20 cm) thick layer of mineral wool board having an R-value of 33, and an air barrier that allows a scant 0.6 of air change per hour at 50 Pascals of pressure.
However, structural concrete and steel elements that penetrate the envelope between the main building and tower, maintained at dissimilar temperatures, would allow the unabated passage of heat energy, absent a thermal bridging solution.
"The fire hall has two thermal zones: the administrative offices and living spaces set 68˚F (20˚C), and the ground-level apparatus bay and training tower set to 50˚F (10˚C)," says Elise Woestyn, Passive House consultant with HCMA Architecture and Design. The structures share a concrete frame at ground level, and are connected by combinations of steel frame and concrete bridges on levels two and three, and a steel frame at level four. Due to the temperature differences, the designers needed to thermally isolate the two zones, while maintaining structural continuity.
"Our need to address thermal bridging led us to structural thermal breaks," says Federica Piccone, architect with HCMA Architecture and Design.
At the connection points, the design team specified Isokorb® concrete-to-concrete and concrete-to-steel structural thermal breaks from Schöck North America. Each concrete-to-concrete module consists of a rigid foam block penetrated by stainless steel rebar that is tied into rebar on both sides of the slab or wall before concrete is poured conventionally. Each concrete-to-steel structural thermal break includes stainless steel rebar projecting from one side of the module that ties into rebar of the interior slab, and stainless steel threaded rod projecting from the opposite side of the module that bolts to exterior steel beam flanges.
Three concrete balconies also project from the tower's facade. Concrete-to-concrete thermal breaks were installed between each balcony and interior slab to mitigate thermal bridging, while withstanding the rotational and shear forces created by these cantilevers.
In addition to reducing heat energy loss, the structural thermal breaks prevent concrete structures on the warm sides of both the exterior and interior walls from becoming chilled, reaching dew point, or supporting mold growth.
Installed between the concrete-to-concrete thermal breaks are special Isokorb® thermal breaks that resist seismic shear forces in compliance with National Building Code of Canada 2010 standards for seismic resistance.
Isokorb® structural insulation element isolates steel cantilever attachments, such as balcony supports, canopies and sunscreens, from supporting concrete slabs. The element transfers bending moments and shear forces.
"The most unusual application for structural thermal breaks was a high parapet wall at the top of the tower," says Meredith Andersen, associate engineer with Read Jones Christoffersen Engineers. The parapet changes in height from about 4 to 14 ft (1.2 to 4.3 m) as the top of the building steps down behind it.
A parapet is essentially a vertical cantilever and, because of its height, can encounter significant moment, shear and seismic forces. Concrete-to-concrete thermal breaks were aligned horizontally at each "step" and vertically in the plane of the wall to prevent thermal bridging.
Other energy-saving measures
The high-performance building envelope allowed the designers to reduce the size of the building's heat pump to one-fifth of that needed for a comparable code-compliant building in Vancouver. The heating/cooling system is supplied by a high efficiency ground-source heat pump served by 15 geothermal bore holes. An 80 kW solar panel array supplements electricity and six energy recovery ventilators transfer heat from outgoing interior air to incoming fresh air, reducing the required capacity of the HVAC system.
Overall energy savings allowed the designers to include elements that reduce energy loads further such as electro-chromatic glass that blocks heat gain and glare by becoming translucent when activated.
"This project responds to the urgency of the climate crisis," says Darryl Condon, managing partner at the Vancouver architecture firm HCMA. "It shows that even large, complex facilities can lead the way in reducing our industry's carbon footprint, while still improving the public service they provide."
In the words of Danica Djurkovic, Director of Facilities Planning and Development at the City of Vancouver, "This community facility is a leading example of the City of Vancouver's climate commitments, showing that we can make near zero-emissions buildings the new normal, while enhancing occupant comfort, and reducing energy and water consumption costs."
concrete-to-concrete thermal breaks
Danica Djurkovic
energy-saving measures
environmental goals
HCMA Architecture and Design
LEED-Gold certification
Passive House certification
stout reinforced concrete structure
structural steel frame
structural thermal breaks
thermal bridging
Vancouver Fire Hall
Vancouver's new Fire Hall 17
Zero Carbon Certification
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