Can Nutritional Therapies Treat Diabetic Neuropathy?
Customized nutritional therapies offer real solutions for the symptoms and complications associated with diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is the result of the long term effect of poor glycemic control and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In the United States alone, according to 2012 statistics, approximately 9.3% of the population is diabetic, and another 37% of the population is pre-diabetic. Type 2 diabetes is a condition that is preventable and effectively treatable through nutritional means.
Diabetic neuropathy is the result of the long term struggles with diabetes. It is a painful series of complications that involves nerve damage, damage of organ function, especially to the kidneys, retina, and peripheral tissues.
When blood sugar fails to get taken up into the cells, metabolism inside of the cells is severely compromised. This process of erratic and ineffective glucose utilization results in numerous inflammatory and toxic processes. These inflammatory processes are responsible for diabetic neuropathy, as well as the cardiovascular disease complications that are inevitably a result of these processes.
Hexosamine Pathway – This pathway involves the formation of glucosamine-related by-products. The elevated production of n-acetyl glucosamine from glucose can result in various glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycolipids, which create oxidative damage and toxicity (1, 2).
Polyol Pathway – the Polyol pathway is normally inactive because healthy people without diabetes can metabolize blood sugar just fine. The story is quite different for diabetics with insulin resistance (3, 4).
Our muscles, abdominal fat tissue (called adipose) and certain organs require insulin for normal glucose transport into those cell types. However our nerves, retinas, and kidneys don't require insulin in order for glucose to be made available in those tissues. That means when glucose levels are elevated, the nerves, kidneys and retina passively take up glucose in an unlimited fashion. This results in the activation of the polyol pathway.
The polyol pathway results in the formation of sorbitol, a type of toxic sugar that causes glycation (stickiness) of protein molecules. This process of glycation results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are one of the main causes of diabetic neuropathy, including the induction of noxiously inflammatory processes that damage our cardiovascular system.
In addition to sorbitol formation, the polyol pathway produces fructose directly from sorbitol. One of the main problems with increased levels of fructose is that it increases uric acid. At high enough levels fructose inhibits nitric oxide, which results in endothelial dysfunction and blood vessels that can't properly dilate. At high enough levels, Uric acid is also known to precipitate into joints causing gout.
We can actually divert our cells from producing sorbitol. This is sometimes referred to as the "AGE shunt". The fat soluble form of vitamin B-1 known as benfotiamine does just this. Benfotiamine diverts metabolites that form sorbitol towards another pathway known as the pentose phosphate pathway. It's for this reason that repeated studies have found benfotiamine to be effective at improving diabetic neuropathy complications as well as shunting sorbitol. An assortment of other nutrients and herbs have shown the ability to shunt AGE formation as well This includes: alpha lipoic acid, and pyradoxamine (unfortunately not currently available in the US).
Diaglycerol Protein Kinase C (DPKC) – Activation of this pathway results in inflammatory proteins such as NF kappa beta (5). The result of the activation can make the vascular endothelium excessively permeable (6), as well as cause white blood cells to clump (7). These are very bad circumstances.
Peroxynitrite formation – peroxynitrites are powerful oxidants which are at play with most significant tissue destructive processes, including diabetic neuropathy (8). Peroxynitrites form as a result of the interaction between the free radical superoxide with the blood vessel-dilating free radical nitric oxide. When nitric oxide is oxidized excessively, the endothelium becomes a net producer of superoxides.
When formed, peroxynitrite inactivates our important antioxidant cellular defenses such as glutathione as well as oxidizes our co-enzyme Q10. The result of peroxynitrite is severe cellular toxicity, and any number of destructive outcomes.
The cornerstone of an effective nutritional strategy for those with type 2 diabetes mellitus involves controlling serum glucose. This involves supporting the function of a number of important cellular processes. The following is a short list of two of these processes, as well as nutrients and herbs which have been shown to attenuate these processes.
Stimulation of the GLUT-4 transporter: GLUT-4 is the key glucose transporter in muscle and fat cells. It is essentially what enables extracellular glucose to diffuse into cells. Modulating GLUT-4 is fundamental to the process of enhancing glucose utilization. Significant GLUT-4 stimulating compounds include: Berberine (9, 10), Bitter melon (11, 12), alpha lipoic acid (13, 14), Ginseng (15) and Chromium (16).
Activation of AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase is a metabolic regulating switch in cells, which "turns on" essential metabolic processes, increases fat burning, activates the migration of the GLUT-4 vessicle, modulates fatty acid oxidation, and attenuates numerous intracellular signaling processes. Notable AMPK activators include: Exercise, caloric restriction, alpha lipoic acid (17, 18), salvia miltiorrhiza (19, 20), berberine (9, 10), gynostemma (21), Chromium (22).
There are a wide variety of nutrients and herbs which have been shown to mitigate the potentially deadly effects of nerve, organ and tissue damage and necrosis, which is the result of hyperglycemia. Below is a short list of the most notable.
Benfotiamine – Inhibits 3 major pathways which cause diabetic damage (23). This fat-soluble form of thiamine effectively shunts the pathways most responsible for glucose-induced damage. One of its protective mechanisms acts by shunting glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate away from glycolysis and towards the pentose phosphate pathway (24). Benfotiamine has been shown highly effective in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy (25, 26), as well in preventing the formation of Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (27, 28).
Pyridoxamine – This is an analogue of Vitamin B-6. It is currently not available in the US, but is available in the UK. Pyridoxamine traps AGEs and is a potent free radical inactivator (29, 30 31).
L-Carnosine – This potent amino acid also possesses strong AGE (advanced glycation end products)-inhibiting actions (32) as well as improving endothelial function (33).
Salvia miltiorrhiza – This ancient Chinese herb known as "Dang shen" or "red sage root" has some remarkable properties. Various constituents of this herb such as lithospermate B has been shown to inactivate peroxynitrite, a potent oxidant responsible for vascular damage (34). Additionally, salvia increases nitric oxide expression (35), especially in kidneys and the aortic endothelium (37). Dang shen also reduces white blood cell adhesion (36) and platelet aggregation (39). Most remarkable: in rats constituents of salvia has shown to increase kidney glutathione and SOD expressions (38).
Alpha Lipoic Acid – This potent sulfur-containing antioxidants has showed up under numerous benefits for diabetics. Lipoic acid has the unique ability to function as an antioxidant in both its reduced and oxidized states. Lipoic acid provides protection following brain ischemia (40). It has the unique ability to activate glutathione (41), one of the most critical cellular antioxidants. Together with benfotiamine, alpha lipoic acid effectively improves symptoms of diabetic neuropathy (42).
Korean red ginseng – This potent form of ginseng has shown effective at alleviating AGE-induced damage to kidneys (43) as well as improving endothelial function (44). Korean red ginseng has also been shown to protect cells from the toxic effects of peroxynitrite (45).
Honorable mentions: Glutathione supplementally is certainly worthy of discussion, because it is a powerful free radical scavenging antioxidant. The best forms supplementally would be liposomal. BH4 (biopterin) is a key molecule that stimulates the nitric oxide synthase enzyme (NOS) for nitric oxide production. BH4 is not currently available in supplemental form.
In conclusion, nutrient and herbal therapies offer powerful solutions for the many problems associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including complications of polyneuropathy, and vascular-related injuries.
Claudia Figueroa-Romero, Ph.D., Mahdieh Sadidi, Ph.D., and Eva L. Feldman, M.D., Ph.D. Mechanisms of Disease: The Oxidative Stress Theory of Diabetic Neuropathy Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2008 Dec; 9(4): 301–314.
Várkonyi T, Putz Z, Keresztes K, et al. Current options and perspectives in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Curr Pharm Des. 2012.
Lorenzi M1. The polyol pathway as a mechanism for diabetic retinopathy: attractive, elusive, and resilient. Exp Diabetes Res. 2007;2007:61038. doi: 10.1155/2007/61038.
Eichberg J1. Protein kinase C changes in diabetes: is the concept relevant to neuropathy? Int Rev Neurobiol. 2002;50:61-82.
Pedro Geraldes, Ph.D.1 and George L King, M.D.1,2 Activation of Protein Kinase C Isoforms & Its Impact on Diabetic Complications Circ Res. 2010 Apr 30; 106(8): 1319–1331.
Bertram A1, Ley K. Protein kinase C isoforms in neutrophil adhesion and activation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2011 Apr;59(2):79-87. doi: 10.1007/s00005-011-0112-7. Epub 2011 Feb 6.
Stavniichuk R1, Shevalye H, Lupachyk S, Obrosov A, Groves JT, Obrosova IG, Yorek MA. Peroxynitrite and protein nitration in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014 Nov;30(8):669-78. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2549.
Zhang Q1, Xiao X, Feng K, Wang T, Li W, Yuan T, Sun X, Sun Q, Xiang H, Wang H. Berberine Moderates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism through Multipathway Mechanism. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011. pii: 924851. doi: 10.1155/2011/924851. Epub 2010 Sep 26.
Shih CC1, Lin CH, Lin WL, Wu JB.Momordica charantia extract on insulin resistance and the skeletal muscle GLUT4 protein in fructose- fed rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 May 4;123(1):82-90. doi: 10.1016/ j.jep.2009.02.039. Epub 2009 Mar 6.
Konrad D1, Somwar R, Sweeney G, Yaworsky K, Hayashi M, Ramlal T, Klip A.The antihyperglycemic drug alpha-lipoic acid stimulates glucose uptake via both GLUT4 translocation and GLUT4 activation: potential role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in GLUT4 activation. Diabetes. 2001 Jun;50(6):1464-71.
Lee WJ1, Song KH, Koh EH, Won JC, Kim HS, Park HS, Kim MS, Kim SW, Lee KU, Park JY. Alpha-lipoic acid increases insulin sensitivity by activating AMPK in skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jul 8;332(3):885-91.
Mollah ML1, Kim GS, Moon HK, Chung SK, Cheon YP, Kim JK, Kim KS. Antiobesity effects of wild ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) mediated by PPAR-gamma, GLUT4 and LPL in ob/ob mice. Phytother Res. 2009 Feb;23(2):220-5. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2593.
Qiao W1, Peng Z, Wang Z, Wei J, Zhou A. Chromium improves glucose uptake and metabolism through upregulating the mRNA levels of IR, GLUT4, GS, and UCP3 in skeletal muscle cells. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009 Nov;131(2):133-42. doi: 10.1007/s12011-009-8357-2. Epub 2009 Mar 13.
Park KG1, Min AK, Koh EH, Kim HS, Kim MO, Park HS, Kim YD, Yoon TS, Jang BK, Hwang JS, Kim JB, Choi HS, Park JY, Lee IK, Lee KU. Alpha-lipoic acid decreases hepatic lipogenesis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and AMPK-independent pathways.Hepatology. 2008 Nov;48(5):1477-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.22496.
Qiang G1, Yang X, Shi L, Zhang H, Chen B, Zhao Y, Zu M, Zhou D, Guo J, Yang H, Zhang L, Du G. Antidiabetic Effect of Salvianolic Acid A on Diabetic Animal Models via AMPK Activation and Mitochondrial Regulation. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015;36(1):395-408. doi: 10.1159/000430258. Epub 2015 May 7.
Gauhar R1, Hwang SL, Jeong SS, Kim JE, Song H, Park DC, Song KS, Kim TY, Oh WK, Huh TL. Heat-processed Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract improves obesity in ob/ob mice by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Biotechnol Lett. 2012 Sep;34(9):1607-16. doi: 10.1007/s10529-012-0944-1. Epub 2012 May 11.
Hoffman NJ1, Penque BA1, Habegger KM2, Sealls W1, Tackett L1, Elmendorf JS3. Chromium enhances insulin responsiveness via AMPK. J Nutr Biochem. 2014 May;25(5):565-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.01.007. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
36) Hammes HP1, Du X, Edelstein D, Taguchi T, Matsumura T, Ju Q, Lin J, Bierhaus A, Nawroth P, Hannak D, Neumaier M, Bergfeld R, Giardino I, Brownlee M. Benfotiamine blocks three major pathways of hyperglycemic damage and prevents experimental diabetic retinopathy. Nat Med. 2003 Mar;9(3):294-9. Epub 2003 Feb 18.
Katare R1, Caporali A, Emanueli C, Madeddu P.Benfotiamine improves functional recovery of the infarcted heart via activation of pro-survival G6PD/Akt signaling pathway and modulation of neurohormonal response. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2010 Oct;49(4):625-38. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.05.014. Epub 2010 Jun 8.
Stracke H1, Lindemann A, Federlin K. A benfotiamine-vitamin B combination in treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1996;104(4):311-6.
Winkler G1, Pál B, Nagybéganyi E, Ory I, Porochnavec M, Kempler P. Effectiveness of different benfotiamine dosage regimens in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. Arzneimittelforschung. 1999 Mar;49(3):220-4.
Voziyan PA1, Hudson BG. Pyridoxamine as a multifunctional pharmaceutical: targeting pathogenic glycation and oxidative damage. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005 Aug;62(15):1671-81.
Giannoukakis N1. Pyridoxamine (BioStratum). Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2005 Apr;6(4):410-8.
Williams ME1, Bolton WK, Khalifah RG, Degenhardt TP, Schotzinger RJ, McGill JB. Effects of pyridoxamine in combined phase 2 studies of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy. Am J Nephrol. 2007;27(6):605-14. Epub 2007 Sep 6.
Hipkiss AR, Preston JE, Himswoth DT, Worthington VC, Abbot NJ. Protective effects of carnosine against malondialdehyde-induced toxicity towards cultured rat brain endothelial cells. Neurosci Lett. 1997 Dec 5;238(3):135-8.
Ren DC, Du GH, Zhang JT. Inhibitory effect of the water-soluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza on neutrophil-endothelial adhesion. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002;90(3):276–80. doi: 10.1254/jjp.90.276.
Li L1, Zhang Y2, Ma J2, Dong W3, Song Q2, Zhang J2, Chu L2. Salvia miltiorrhiza injection ameliorates renal damage induced by lead exposure in mice. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014 Feb 13;2014:572697. doi: 10.1155/2014/572697. eCollection 2014.
Panigrahi M1, Sadguna Y, Shivakumar BR, Kolluri SV, Roy S, Packer L, Ravindranath V. alpha-Lipoic acid protects against reperfusion injury following cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res. 1996 Apr 22;717(1-2):184-8.
Han D1, Handelman G, Marcocci L, Sen CK, Roy S, Kobuchi H, Tritschler HJ, Flohé L, Packer L. Lipoic acid increases de novo synthesis of cellular glutathione by improving cystine utilization. Biofactors. 1997;6(3):321-38.
Du X1, Edelstein D, Brownlee M.Oral benfotiamine plus alpha-lipoic acid normalises complication-causing pathways in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2008 Oct;51(10):1930-2. doi: 10.1007/s00125-008-1100-2. Epub 2008 Jul 29.
Hai Yan Quan, Do Yeon Kim, and Sung Hyun Chung Korean red ginseng extract alleviates advanced glycation end product-mediated renal injury J Ginseng Res. 2013 Apr; 37(2): 187–193.
Kwanhoon Choi,2,* Jeongyeon Yoon,1,* Hyun Kyo Lim,corresponding author2 and Sungwoo Ryoocorresponding author1 Korean Red Ginseng Water Extract Restores Impaired Endothelial Function by Inhibiting Arginase Activity in Aged Mice Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Apr; 18(2): 95–101.
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text:
Maine ACA enrollment expected to drop as state continues its Medicaid expansion
Thousands of Mainers who have enrolled in Affordable Care Act coverage will be switched to Medicaid in 2020, getting a better health insurance plan in the process.
By Joe LawlorStaff Writer
Open enrollment for the Affordable Care Act marketplace begins Friday, and Maine's Medicaid expansion will likely contribute to a decline in 2020 signups for ACA coverage, experts say.
But with more people having either an ACA marketplace plan or Medicaid, the state's uninsured rate should plummet.
Mainers who apply for ACA coverage through HealthCare.gov and appear to be eligible for Medicaid would be notified and have their application transferred to the Maine Department of Health and Human Services for an eligibility determination. People who are interested in renewing or obtaining individual health insurance for 2020 can find out more information at CoverME.gov and at enroll207.com.
Those earning up to 400 percent of the federal poverty level, or $83,120 for a family of three, are eligible for subsidized ACA insurance. Seventy-four percent of Maine residents eligible for ACA insurance will be able to select a plan with a $75 or lower monthly premium, according to federal data.
Maine voters approved Medicaid expansion in 2017, but former Republican Gov. Paul LePage refused to implement it. Democratic Gov. Janet Mills implemented the expansion on her first day in office, and since then about 40,000 people have signed up for Medicaid, according to state data. Thousands more are expected to enroll in Medicaid in the coming months, including those who are switched from ACA plans to Medicaid.
Mitchell Stein, a Maine-based independent health policy analyst, said that while he doesn't have a signup projection, he does expect fewer Mainers to sign up for ACA insurance.
"I expect ACA enrollment to go down, but for a good reason," Stein said. Maine had roughly 70,000 people sign up for ACA coverage last year, down from a peak of 84,059 in 2016.
Although repeal efforts have so far failed, the Trump administration has taken numerous steps to weaken the ACA, including eliminating the individual mandate that required adults to sign up for insurance or pay a penalty, and slashing outreach and advertising budgets.
Maine plans state-based marketplace for Affordable Care Act insurance
Nationally, since President Trump took office, ACA enrollment has declined from 12.7 million to 11.4 million. Still, despite predictions it would collapse, "the ACA is alive and well," said Ann Woloson, executive director of Maine-based Consumers for Affordable Health Care.
Stein said Medicaid expansion means fewer people in Maine will be uninsured.
States that have refused to expand Medicaid have about double the uninsured rate of expansion states, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. Maine's uninsured rate before it expanded Medicaid was about 8 to 10 percent, based on estimates by three separate groups, including the U.S. Census, the Kaiser Family Foundation and Gallup.
Before Maine expanded Medicaid, those who were unable to obtain insurance through an employer – and who earned between 100 and 138 percent of the federal poverty limit, between $20,780 to $28,676 for a family of three – could purchase ACA marketplace insurance. Those enrollees were permitted to keep their ACA plans in 2019, but will be migrated to Medicaid for 2020.
Exactly how many people will be switched from an ACA plan to Medicaid is unclear, but a rough estimate from Kaiser Family Foundation state-by-state statistics shows that it probably will be about 5,000 to 9,000 people in Maine.
Stein pointed out that, especially for low-income residents, Medicaid is likely to be superior insurance.
Medicaid has zero or nominal out-of-pocket costs for patients, while ACA insurance can have co-pays, deductibles and monthly premiums. ACA premiums for low-income enrollees are low, usually about $10 to $20 per month. Some plans have zero premiums.
Rates for 2020 declined or increased slightly depending on the insurer, according to the Maine Bureau of Insurance, ranging from a decrease of 7 percent to a 0.9 percent increase. Maine has stabilized ACA rates through a reinsurance program. People who get subsidies to purchase insurance – about 85 percent of enrollees – are shielded from rate increases.
Those with ACA insurance in Maine are more likely to be older and live in rural areas, with 51 percent between the ages of 45-64, and 56 percent living in rural parts of the state, according to the federal Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
Meanwhile, Maine is ramping up efforts to publicize ACA open enrollment, even as the Trump administration cuts outreach efforts. Called the CoverME campaign, the effort includes the new www.CoverME.gov website, digital and television ads promoting Medicaid and the ACA, and beefed-up in-person assistance. A $750,000 grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is helping to publicize the CoverME campaign.
"For the first time in Maine, open enrollment is an opportunity for Maine people and small businesses to understand their options for affordable, high-quality coverage through both (Medicaid) and HealthCare.gov, with no coverage gaps. We look forward to launching the statewide CoverME campaign to help people in every corner of Maine get the insurance they need to live healthy lives," Jeanne Lambrew, Maine's health and human services commissioner, said in a statement.
Also, Maine is proposing to switch from a federally run marketplace to a state-run ACA marketplace in 2021, which would unlock an additional $2 million in federal funding for outreach efforts.
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Maine aims to test every toddler for possible lead poisoning
UNE students will provide free dental care on Friday
Affordable Care Act, medicaid expansion
Husson University raises $38 million for new business college building
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Michigan bans acquisition and possession of wolf-dog hybrids and huge carnivores, though it grandfathered" animals currently owned as pets at the time of the laws' enactments. Even pets becoming killed by these cost-free-roaming snakes are uncommon (but do occur). These statements were met with criticism from Steve Irwin fans, and a response from Bob Irwin (who has now criticized his granddaughter), the late Steve Irwin's father on the horrors of owning exotic pets like sugar gliders. Don't forget that pets have really little say about their owners and situations, and it is but fair and decent for you to make confident that your pet gets the greatest possible care. As a basic rule, exotic pet owners, aside from owners of fish, reptiles, and birds, are far and couple of amongst a strong minority. One particular factor all potential exotic pet owners need to do is fully anticipate these difficulties.
It is believed that several of these exotic reptiles in Florida are the outcome of negligent or ignorant pet owners releasing their more than sized and unmanageable pet monitor lizards and pythons. Folks seem horrified by this and there is constantly a list of men and women screaming about how superb their snakes are. Numerous sellers will list animals with words like not a pet", breeder animal", and not tame". Here are the unadulterated facts about Chuck McGrady's exotic animal/pet ban proposed for the entire state of North Carolina. Even much more troubling is the fact that venomous exotic species are also turning up in Florida. The proper Austin TX pet friendly hotels will make staying with an animal straightforward and painless. I don't realize why your Hubs aren't a lot more popular, they are intelligent and poignant and strike true to the matters of exotic animal ownership.
In the hands of unprepared or incompetent caretakers, many exotic animals die or are abandoned. This historic house, also operated by Austin Parks and Recreation, can be rented for little to medium sized loved ones reunions. From his knowledge in supplying sanctuary for exotic animals in need of new properties, often desperately, Roberts says that exotic-pet owners have a tendency to fall into multiple overlapping categories. Do not spontaneously acquire an exotic pet, or any pet for that matter, if you are not clear on the care of that animal. The animals on this list (fennec fox, small wild cats, tamandua, bush infant, sloths, boa constrictor, wallaby, deer, capybara) are either not typically taken from the wild to provide the pet trade in the U.S. or never. Many fail to realize that the vast majority of exotic pets are captive bred (except for marine fish and invertebrates), and this is specially true of mammals.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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DETROIT — The Detroit Tigers are young, inexpensive and unlikely to be much of a threat in the AL Central.
For at least a couple more years, general manager Al Avila doesn't plan to jolt the roster with any big-money free agents. Instead, he and his front office are patiently waiting for their minor leaguers to develop into big league contributors.
A season after dropping 98 games for the second consecutive year, the club believes its future is beginning to take form.
"I can see the light at the end of the tunnel," Avila told reporters Saturday at TigerFest.
It just won't have much effect at Comerica Park this summer.
Led by last year's No. 1 overall draft pick, right-hander Casey Mize, the farm system is certainly improved, but most of its top players aren't likely to see Detroit until 2020 at the earliest.
While that group develops, a fifth consecutive losing season seems likely. Before the slump, the Tigers won the AL Central four times in a row and reached the World Series in 2012 for the second time in seven years.
Detroit at least expects to have a healthy Miguel Cabrera to open the season. The two-time MVP was limited to 38 games last year due to biceps surgery. The team is unsure if Cabrera will spend more time at first base or designated hitter, but his presence should at least give fans a reason to tune in.
The team's only other lineup mainstay might not be around for long. Detroit has been trying to trade Nicholas Castellanos, but Avila has been unable to find a taker for the outfielder who hit .298 with 23 homers last year. Castellanos has one year left before becoming eligible for free agency and will earn nearly $10 million this season.
Castellanos did not attend TigerFest due to a family commitment. With how the trade market is shaking out, Avila expects Castellanos to report to spring training with Detroit next month. That's just fine with manager Ron Gardenhire.
Among the more intriguing players in camp this year will be 26-year-old Kaleb Cowart. Detroit plans to convert the former Angels third baseman into a right-handed pitcher after he hit .177 over parts of the previous four seasons. Cowart was drafted No. 18 overall by the Angels in 2010 out of high school.


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When should we release Drupal 9?
Thoughts about Drupal 9 release timelines, including how this might impact Drupal 7, Drupal 8 and even Drupal 10.
Since the release of Drupal 8.0.0 in November 2015, the Drupal 8 core committers have been discussing when and how we'll release Drupal 9. Nat Catchpole, one of Drupal 8's core committers, shared some excellent thoughts about what goes into making that decision.
The driving factor in that discussion is security support for Drupal 8's third party dependencies (e.g. Symfony, Twig, Guzzle, jQuery, etc). Our top priority is to ensure that all Drupal users are using supported versions of these components so that all Drupal sites remain secure.
In his blog, Nat uses Symfony as an example. The Symfony project announced that it will stop supporting Symfony 3 in November 2021, which means that Symfony 3 won't receive security updates after that date. Consequently, by November 2021, we need to prepare all Drupal sites to use Symfony 4 or later.
Nothing has been decided yet, but the current thinking is that we have to move Drupal to Symfony 4 or later, release that as Drupal 9, and allow enough time for everyone to upgrade to Drupal 9 by November 2021. Keep in mind that this is just looking at Symfony, and none of the other components.
This proposal builds on top of work we've already done to make Drupal upgrades easy, so upgrades from Drupal 8 to Drupal 9 should be smooth and much simpler than previous upgrades.
If you're interested in the topic, check out Nat's post. He goes in more detail about potential release timelines, including how this impacts our thinking about Drupal 7, Drupal 8 and even Drupal 10. It's a complicated topic, but the goal of Nat's post is to raise awareness and to solicit input from the broader community before we decide our official timeline and release dates on Drupal.org.


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Q: How to change permissions of all the files in my directory? I used a script to install Hadoop
/opt/hadoop-3.2.0$ ll
total 216
drwxr-xr-x 10 yarn hadoop   4096 јул  9 08:05 ./
drwxr-xr-x  9 root root     4096 јул  9 07:42 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 yarn hadoop   4096 јан  8 08:59 bin/
drwxr-xr-x  3 yarn hadoop   4096 јан  8 07:13 etc/
drwxr-xr-x  2 yarn hadoop   4096 јан  8 08:59 include/
drwxr-xr-x  3 yarn hadoop   4096 јан  8 08:58 lib/
drwxr-xr-x  4 yarn hadoop   4096 јан  8 08:59 libexec/
-rw-rw-r--  1 yarn hadoop 150569 окт 18  2018 LICENSE.txt
drwxrwxr-x  2 yarn hadoop   4096 јул  9 08:05 logs/
-rw-rw-r--  1 yarn hadoop  22125 окт 18  2018 NOTICE.txt
-rw-rw-r--  1 yarn hadoop   1361 окт 19  2018 README.txt
drwxr-xr-x  3 yarn hadoop   4096 јан  8 07:13 sbin/
drwxr-xr-x  4 yarn hadoop   4096 јан  8 09:32 share/

Now I want to change the permissions
/opt/hadoop-3.2.0$ whoami
miki

My goal is that miki is the owner of all the files in hadoop-3.2.0.
I guess I should use chmod?
How should the command look like?

A: To change the only the owner for all files recursively (this means all files in subdirectories get also changed):
sudo chown -R miki /opt/hadoop-3.2.0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


SYTTD season 7 episode 16 .. Candice is shopping with her mom for her wedding that's just 21 days away. Bride Jacy has come with an entourage, but the day is bittersweet because she desperately wishes her parents could be with her. Tabitha has made salon history by spending $70,000.


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Extraordinary Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia is simply breath-taking in its diversity of people, nature, and infrastructure. The Malay people are very proud of their engineering prowess, and rightly so. A quick scan across the skyline tells you that this is no ordinary world city.
If you are wanting to travel Malaysia and 'cover' the country, think again. Unless, of course, you book a few months! Malaysia has a rich and diverse history, encompasses many different facets and cultural influences, and offers a vast array of experiences, so the idea of defining 'a' Malaysia would be challenging at best.
Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur. Photo: Supplied
You may as well begin with the most obviously spectacular accomplishment of engineering and design in the city, the Petronas Towers, which was until relatively recently the tallest building in the world. Clad in stainless steel and glass, adorned with intricate cultural designs, the feats of engineering that went into building these towers are many, including the most sustained concrete pour in Malaysian history, lasting fifty-four hours, non-stop! The project employed thousands of Malaysians, with the left tower being built by a Japanese contractor and a Korean company leading the team for the right tower. If you're wondering, the Koreans started later, finished first, and even built the Skybridge, but the towers are of equal quality. Even if you just pass by and gaze into the heavens, these towers are well-worth the time. If you can, book a visit to the Skybridge and marvel at the capital city from on-high.
Cultural diversity is everywhere, and this is evident in the city's architecture. Many modern cities have adopted regulations whereby buildings have to be 'in-keeping' with all the rest, and the result is blocks of same-same, but not in Kuala Lumpur. If a design or theme has already been used, architects need to find another one! The array of beautifully designed structures looks like the finalists in a high-end art contest. One stunning example is the 38-storey Lembaga Tabung Haji building in Jalan Tun Razak, which is designed as a Malay drum turned on its end. There are many, many more, and it is well-worth talking the time to snap a few of these up-close.
Jalan Petaling at Petaling Street, Kuala Lumpur. Photo: Andrew Sepie
Federal Territory of Putrajaya
Putrajaya, or the Federal Territory of Putrajaya (its proper name), is a short half-hour train ride from Kuala Lumpur and where you will see an intense display of beautiful architecture. This really does reflect the ethos of Malaysia. Basically, the intense development of Kuala Lumpur saw the Malaysian federal government move to Putrajaya, creating an administrative and judicial capital. By 2012, all governmental ministries had relocated to Putrajaya and the result is truly spectacular.
Federal territory of Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur. Photo: Andrew Sepie
A ceremoniously wide and straight road carves a track between the government buildings and ends at the foot of the main hill in Putrajaya. Atop the hill, is the glorious Perdana Putra building, which houses the Prime Minister's office. Once again, the Malay penchant for design and engineering is obvious, with every building created to reflect its precise function and cultural ties. As to the surrounding neighbourhoods, a rule was put in place allowing only 'soft walls', so no block fences are permitted, only hedges and trees. The reason? Encouraging kids to come out outside and the adults will duly follow, which fosters the building of community and relationships.
Magnificent shopping
For a spot of shopping, the Pavilion shopping centre is in the Bukit Bintang district, fondly known as the shopping and entertainment district of Kuala Lumpur. To be honest, 'spot' of shopping is a gross understatement: Pavilion boasts over 700 shops and restaurants, with closing time at 10:00pm every day. There are seven levels, plus the 'beauty hall' across the top, and there really is not much you cannot find, from sporting goods to bonsai trees.
Pavilion Mall in Kuala Lumpur. Photo: Andrew Sepie
In fact, you could spend the entire day there and still not cover it all. Easily accessible with a swath of public transport nearby, it is worth just standing on the ground floor and gazing up at what really looks like a mini city. Outside Pavilion is a spectacular water fountain called the Grand Bloom of Fulfilment, which underscores Malaysia's diversity. Three bowls, and the water flowing between them, symbolise Malaysia's multiracial culture and the coming together of Malay, Indian, and Chinese peoples. The popularity and significance of this fountain is obvious, highlighted by the people continually gathering beside with reverential expressions.
The ingenuities that went into building Malaysia as the country it is, today, are reflected everywhere. Tin mining is responsible for much of the early economy, and from tin, pewter was made. It is probably understandable that, for most people, the suggestion of visiting a pewter factory would not set their world on fire. However, do not be deceived, as the Royal Selangor pewter factory is undeniably one of Kuala Lumpur's hidden gems and not to be missed. When you visit the factory, you are treated to the history of tin mining in Malaysia, and how this shaped the making of a great country, with one family playing a significant role. In 1885, a young Pewtersmythe named Yong Koon arrived in Malaysia from the Chinese port of Shantou.
Royal Selangor pewter factory, Kuala Lumpur. Photo: Andrew Sepie
His son, Yong Peng Kai, took over from him and retired in 1980, with the operation now being run by the fourth generation. The pewter factory has been in operation since the 1970s, with at least 40 per cent of staff having disabilities. Outside the entrance stands the world's largest tankard. Just under two metres high and weighing over a tonne-and-a-half, it was made in 1985 to commemorate their centenary. Then, you will immediately notice clusters of hand imprints adoring the walls. After five years' service, employees get to put a pewter handprint on the wall, and there are so many of these around the building in different fashions and colours, with a gold print signifying 40 years of employment.
A Top city to explore
Kuala Lumpur is a big city, but rest assured there are easy ways to navigate this and get a real sense of history. Malaysia takes heritage walks very seriously, and these have been expertly curated. There are many examples, and a quick internet search will tell you all you need to know. In Kuala Lumpur, there are numerous guides available, and their experience is invaluable, or you can tackle these walks yourself. A string of signs and QR codes mark the way, offering rich insights into the history of the city. One of these must-do walks takes you past the River of Life, a seven-year project of the Malaysian Government to transform ten kilometres of the Klang River into a vibrant and liveable waterfront.
River of Life, Kuala Lumpur. Photo: Supplied
The history of this river is one thing, but what has been done to revitalise it is another, especially when the 'mist' jets are turned on and you get the lit-up night view. Nearby, you will also witness some of what may be the most spectacular street art, which adorns entire sides of some buildings. Kuala Lumpur may be a progressive world city, but this has not happened at the expense of its history and culture.
Heritage walk Mosque, Kuala Lumpur. Photo: Andrew Sepie
From many vantage points, you will see beautifully preserved traditional buildings, such as mosques, backdropped with the best of Malaysian engineering and design. This is all rather symbolic, as the old and new coalesce serenely, like the coming together of cultures in the country, itself.
Culturally Rich Heritage Walks
The heritage walks will take you past all manner of food outlets and these are well worth trying. Malaysian cuisine is, as one would expect, diverse. In general, the food is like a holiday for your taste buds all on its own. The choices between the Malay, Chinese, and Indian influences are vast, and with some dishes, all are present. Like the country itself, you would find it difficult to cover all the cuisine and its influences in one trip (but it is certainly worth trying). To get a taste of some delicious Chinese cuisine, mixed with many local influences, head to Lot 10 Hutong Food Court in the heart of the city.
Lot 10 food court, Kuala Lumpur. Photo: Andrew Sepie
You will notice that this is always frequented by locals, which is a sure-fire way to know that it has good food! The only issue you will face is what to have, as there are so, so many great choices. It will take you far longer to decide what to eat than it will to eat it, but the sumptuous Penang Fired Chee Cheong Fun coupled with the Chilli Crab should give you a good start.
An array of Markets and Bazaars
There are so many markets and bazaars in Kuala Lumpur, where you can get all the touristy goodies you desire and pick up some beautiful examples of Malaysian crafts. A quick internet search will bring up a seriously good selection, although the Central Market would be a good starting-point. This is not the biggest market, which is ideal, as some of these can be overwhelming in size and number of people for the first timers. Central Market is quite manageable, has an excellent range of sellers, is situated in a lovely heritage building, and you will find it between China Town and the Colonial District. A short walk from there is Jalan Petaling, which is a market street in Chinatown.
Street art in China Town, Kuala Lumpur. Photo: Andrew Sepie
This underwent a facelift in 2003, is now regarded as a heritage site, and boasts a host of good eats and market stalls. After visiting Jalan Petaling, enjoy a stroll through Chinatown and take in the architecture, along with some ancestorial temples. You will feel like you are in another world amongst streets adorned with lanterns and breath-taking, intricate art. All the culture is guaranteed to make you hungry, and about three minutes' walk from Jalan Petaling is the Old China Café. The building, itself, is worth a visit. The cafe is beautifully furnished with antique décor and an ample helping of fascinating history. The food will impress as you enjoy mouth-watering, traditional Malay & Chinese dishes. This is certainly one place you could return to again and again.
Old China cafe, Kuala Lumpur. Photo: Andrew Sepie
The Magnificent Batu Caves
Malaysia is the only Asian country with inland caves, and inside one of these is the most breath-taking experiences you may ever have: the Batu Caves, which are located just 13 km north of Kuala Lumpur in Gombak, Selangor. The name of the caves was taken from the Malay word for 'rock'. K. Thamboosamy Pillay, a leader of the Tamil Hindu community in Malaya (as the region was then called), built a temple within the caves in 1891. Allegedly, he saw similarity in shape of the cave entrance to the tip of the spear traditionally wielded by the deity Murugan. Thus, an impressive and colossal gold-painted statue of Murugan.
Gold painted statue of Murugan. Photo: Tourism Malaysia
The statue is made from reinforced concrete and stands at just under 43 metres high, right at the foot of the 272 concrete steps that lead you to the caves. On your journey up, you are likely to meet some very friendly monkeys who will sit and gaze at you inquisitively.
Batu Cave monkeys, Kuala Lumpur. Photo: Andrew Sepie
Batu Caves are free to enter and an absolute must-see. The Hindu history, including the creation of the world with Lord Shiva's Ecstatic Dance, has been so beautifully portrayed that you cannot help but be awestruck at the intricate detail and care that went into this temple. Batu Caves is one of the most popular Hindu shrines outside India, and one of four in Malaysia. It is a pilgrimage site for Hindus worldwide.
A change of scene at Sunway Lagoon Park
For change of pace and some tourist indulgence, the Sunway Lagoon Park is a great way to spend a few hours and it is about 30-40 minutes from central Kuala Lumpur. Sunway is an old mining town, named after Sunway in South Africa. At the Lagoon Park, you get what they call the Best Day Ever experience and have a choice of around 90 rides and attractions. There are six Nickelodeon-themed zones: the Amusement Park, Scream Park, Water Park, Nickelodeon Lost Lagoon, Wildlife Park, and Extreme Park. In the wildlife park, there are over 150 species of animals, many of which you can get up-close and personal with, including the very friendly and colourful birds.
Sunway Leopard at Sunway Lagoon Park.
There are also some you probably want to keep your distance from, such as the white tigers, Samson and Asha, or the white lions Zola & Zuri. You can marvel at sun bears, panthers, and more, with feed kits available for some of the more sedate friends. On the amusements side, enjoy a roller coaster, the classic pirate ship – the one that turns you upside down – and many others. The water park is seriously stunning and must be one of world's best: slides, beeches, a bungy jump, and on it goes. A perfect way to cool off in the Malaysian heat. You can even rent a shelter beside the water in which to spread out and cool off. However, the stand-out experience must be Sunway's new Camp Out! experience. Basically, this is glamping in a theme park overnight. There are only 14 tents available, fully air conditioned, with all amenities nearby, including a pizza shop! Easy to book, just search Sunway on the internet, and each package comes with a BBQ dinner and breakfast. It would be a struggle to imagine any kid (or kid-at-heart) who would think that this is a bad idea.
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By Steve Ranger | April 24, 2019 -- 10:39 GMT (11:39 BST) | Topic: Security. Barclays is the first bank to have an analyst working alongside cybercrime experts at Interpol's research and development facility. The idea is that using biometrics is faster – users should be recognised in less than two seconds – and more secure than a password that could be forgotten or guessed. The bank said it completed the trial in the spring and summer of last year. When it initially announced the trial, the bank said the results would be be analysed "before a full launch is considered," and now the bank has said that no rollout is planned.
3 FTSE 100 dividend stocks paying more than Lloyds shares. Lloyds shares have been a great income play in recent years as the bank has paid out some massive cash amounts to investors after resuming its dividend in FY2014. Even after the near-30% share price rise this year, Lloyds shares still yield around 5.2%, which is a pretty handy yield in today's low-interest-rate environment. Yet Lloyds certainly isn't the only the FTSE 100 stock offering a big dividend yield at the moment. Moreover, with tobacco stocks out of favour at present, you can currently pick the stock up with a massive forward-looking yield of 8.2%. Like Imperial, it has lifted its dividend payout significant in recent years (there's a nice snapshot of Aviva's recent dividends here) and it's expected to pay out 32.4p per share in dividends for FY2019 which equates to a prospective yield of 7.5%.
Lloyds Banking Group plc is currently rated as underperform by 1 stock analysts, with the company still having around 0.02% shares outstanding that can be sold short legally. The price of their shares has been successful in staying above its 20 day-moving average, staying at a distance of 2.21% and while its 50-day moving average is around 4.5%. Lloyds Banking Group plc (LYG) will look to overcome its -11.32% fall that it witnessed in the past year. As the normal trading session ended, the stock of AK Steel Holding Corporation (NYSE:AKS), fetched in a $-0.02 retreat to $2.43. The session began with the stock price at $2.46, hitting a high of $2.5 before down again. For the week, analysts seem to be okay with their bearish with the consensus call staying at 3.1.
Lloyds Banking Group plc traded 2644414 shares at hands when compared with its average volume of 7020.76K shares. Along recent loss drift, stock price presented -12.01% downward comparing value from it 52-week high point and showed 38.68% rise in value from its 52-week low point. We'll consider a real-life historical example over 7 days. When we have the average percentage price change over that 7 day period, we can then subtract the daily percentage price changes to derive deviations from the daily average change for that period. The indicator does not indicate the price direction, rather it is used primarily to measure volatility caused by gaps and limit up or down moves.
Along recent reduction drift, stock price presented -13.78% down comparing value from it 52-week high point and showed 39.09% rise in value from its 52-week low point. Volume could be considered as the most important technical tool. As price rises, ideally a trader would like to see higher volume, and as price falls, correspondingly lower volume. The stock has a beta value of 1.05. When beta is less/more than 1, it can be read that the stock is theoretically less/more volatile than the market. Historical Volatility does not measure direction; it measures how much the securities price is deviating from its average. When a security's Historical Volatility is rising, or higher than normal, it means prices are moving up and down further/more quickly than usual and is an indication that something is expected to change, or has already changed, regarding the underlying security (i.e.
Lloyds Banking Group plc (LYG) stock managed performance 1.81% over the last week and switched with performance of 0.00% throughout past one month period. The stock price exposed a move of 32.03% so far this year and uncovered flow of -12.44% in recent year. The stock exhibited 39.09% change to a low over the previous 12 months and manifested move of -13.78% to a high over the same period. The effect of the moving average is to smooth the price movement so that the longer-term trend becomes less volatile and therefore more obvious. When the price rises above the moving average, it indicates that investors are becoming bullish on the commodity. When the prices fall below, it indicates a bearish commodity. As well, when a moving average crosses below a longer-term moving average, the study indicates a down turn in the market. When a short-term moving average crosses above a longer term moving average, this indicates an upswing in the market.
After a low volume day for Lloyds Banking Group plc (NYSE:LYG) ), it's easy to find yourself asking what's next for the stock. According to 1 stock analysts, Lloyds Banking Group plc, is being kept at an average Underperform, rating, with at least 0.01% of shares outstanding that are currently legally short sold. With these types of results, analysts are more pessimistic than before, leading 0 of analysts who cover Lloyds Banking Group plc (NYSE:LYG) to advise their clients to include it in their buy candidate list. However, on the Street, the shares for the company have been tagged a $2.77 price target, indicating that the shares will drop -18.05% from its current levels. Masco Corporation (MAS) was also brought into the spotlight with a $0.05 rise. As the regular session came to an end, the price changed by 0.13% to $40.04.
The investment community uses this figure to determine a company's size, as opposed to sales or total asset figures. Dividends are mostly given in terms of cash payments, property or as shares of stock. If we look at the Volatility of the company, Week Volatility is 1.18%, whereas Month Volatility is at 1.38%. Year to Date (YTD) performance of Lloyds Banking Group Plc (NYSE:LYG) is 32.03 percent while its Performance (Week) is 1.81 percent and Performance (month) is at 0 percent. Now when we talk about Revenue Estimate for the current Fiscal Quarter, Average Revenue Estimate of the stock is projected as $24.57 Billion where Low Revenue estimate and High Revenue Estimates are $24.57 Billion and $24.57 Billion respectively by 1 analysts.
Why I'd ignore Lloyds and buy this cheap FTSE 250 dividend stock instead. The FTSE 100 bank has already seen business hit as a result of the uncertainty created by the UK's protracted exit from the European Union. And the outlook for Lloyds remains as clear as mud, with everything from a lengthy Article 50 extension to a catastrophic 'no-deal' Brexit still on the table, issues that threaten to harm profits growth at the firm in the near term and beyond. Economic data for the UK continues to make for grim reading for the banking giant, the latest Office for National Statistics report showing GDP expanded just 0.3% in the first quarter, with the positive-but-artificial impact of Brexit-related stockpiling thought to have played a large part in this limp rise. Crazy forecasts? For these reasons I'd be content to forget about Lloyds, about its compelling forward P/E ratio of 8.8 times which (on paper at least) suggests stunning value, and its bulging dividend yields of 5.1% and 5.4% for 2019 and 2020 respectively.
Wall Street analysts covering the stock are projecting that the stock will reach $2.78 within the next 52-weeks. Having a look in a broader way analysts from brokerage firms on the street with an extensive view have high price target of Lloyds Banking Group Plc (NYSE:LYG) at $2.78 and with a conformist view have low price target of $2.78 while the stock's latest closing price was $3.38. Whereas Underperform can also be taken in with "moderate sell" or "under-weight" or "weak-hold". For Lloyds Banking Group Plc (NYSE:LYG) out of the analyst recommendations 0 analysts recommend stock a Buy, 0 rate the stock Outperform, 0 analysts recommend to Hold the stock, 1 rate Underperform and 0 analysts recommend the stock a Sell. Typically, the Average True range (ATR) is based on 14 periods and can be calculated on an intra-day, daily, weekly or monthly basis. Because there must be a beginning, the first TR value is simply the High minus the Low, and the first 14-day ATR is the average of the daily TR values for the last 14 days.


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Tag: Dan Goldfarb
Oysterponds kids really get the picture
by Jen Nuzzo
JENNIFER GUSTAVSON PHOTO | Dr. Dan Goldfarb gives student Nico Wittenburg hands-on instruction in the use of a camera.
In the new literacy center at Oysterponds Elementary School in Orient, a variety of digital cameras were scattered on a table one September morning beneath a projection of an iconic North Fork image.
It was the Oysterponds Camera Club's first meeting of the new school year, and school psychologist Dan Goldfarb, who's run the club for the past six years, was using an iPad to zoom in on the photograph, depicting a haystack on a farm. The image had something unusual superimposed on it: thin, green lines resembling a game of tic-tac-toe.
It's all part of the club's mission of teaching Oysterponds students about photography. They learn balancing elements, leading lines, symmetry and patterns, viewpoint, background, creating depth, framing, cropping and experimentation.
"The only rule in photography is that there are no rules," Dr. Goldfarb explained to a group of six students. "But I am going to teach you some guidelines."
At the start of his lesson, Dr. Goldfarb explained how photographers apply the "Rule of Thirds," the most common method used to set up a shot.
His example of the haystack showed how a person's gaze is naturally drawn to the nine segments of an imaginary grid, especially at the points where the four lines intersect.
Since the haystack was located at an intersection, Dr. Goldfarb deemed the image a good photograph. The horizon's setup was done nicely, too, he added.
"You either show a lot of ground and very little sky, or you show a lot of sky and very little ground," he said. "When people take pictures, they tend to put the thing they want to take a picture of right smack-dab in the middle. That's OK when you're taking photos of friends and family, but it doesn't make the picture interesting."
This year, for the first time, the club will run for six weeks instead of four and will meet twice a week.
Each student will work with a partner and learn how to use professional Canon cameras, which Dr. Goldfarb provides from his personal collection.
"They all get the lecture about making sure they are wearing the strap," he said. "I've never had a problem and trust them."
Photography is his hobby and said he still has his Minolta SRT-202 35-millimeter film camera.
"I have a great deal of difficulty drawing a stick figure," Dr. Goldfarb said. "There's something about photography that the machines allow me to have some creativity when I have absolutely no manual dexterity in terms of anything artistic."
Oysterponds student and camera club member Nico Wittenburg said after the meeting that he's excited to learn about photography.
"I have a lot of fun taking pictures when my mom lets me use her camera," he said.
Students have already completed their first project where they walked around the school and took pictures of rusty items. Other projects will include taking pictures at nearby Orient Congregational Cemetery and various houses located throughout town.
To follow along with the Oysterponds Camera Club's progress, visit flickr.com/photos/oysterponds.
Dan Goldfarb, Orient, Oysterponds School, photography club


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America's Frontline Doctors Introduce Children's Vaccine Bill of Rights
Protections for minors and their parents against unconstitutional mandates
Los Angeles, CA – America's Frontline Doctors (AFLDS) today unveiled its latest public health initiative, the Children's Vaccine Bill of Rights (VBOR). The document is designed as model legislation for state and federal legislatures to enact in order to protect the constitutional rights of children and families against public and private vaccine mandates. The Children's VBOR follows a general bill of rights covering all adult patients issued earlier this year. The Children's Vaccine Bill of Rights is available to policymakers and concerned citizens on the AFLDS website (scroll down).
"According to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children's Hospital Association, approximately '1.6% of children with a known case of COVID-19 have been hospitalized and 0.01% have died,'" said AFLDS. "Three out of four children who have died from COVID-19 have had some type of underlying medical complexity. Therefore, vaccine mandates threaten the privacy and other rights of dependent children without providing an appreciable benefit to their overall health. The Children's Vaccine Bill of Rights can be used by every parent and concerned citizen to protect the rights of one of our most vulnerable populations. We encourage policymakers at the state and federal levels to take up and pass the Children's VBOR today.
"To learn more about civil liberties and vaccines, visit the AFLDS vaccine resources page on their website. Read the Children's Vaccine Bill of Rights here.


text:
package steps

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"path"

	"io/ioutil"

	"github.com/DimensionDataResearch/packer-plugins-ddcloud/artifacts"
	"github.com/DimensionDataResearch/packer-plugins-ddcloud/helpers"
	"github.com/mitchellh/multistep"
	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
)

// ConvertVMXToOVF is the step that converts a .vmx artifact from the VMWare builder to a .ovf artifact (for uploading to CloudControl).
type ConvertVMXToOVF struct {
	// Delete the output directory (and its contents) when the Cleanup function is called?
	CleanupOVF bool

	// The base name for .ovf package files.
	PackageName string

	// The output directory for the OVF package files.
	//
	// If not specified, a new temporary directory will be created and used.
	OutputDir string

	// The degree of disk compression (1-9, where 1 is minimum compression and 9 is maximum compression).
	DiskCompression int

	// The path to the VMWare "ovftool" executable.
	OVFExecutable string
}

// Run is called to perform the step's action.
//
// The return value determines whether multi-step sequences should continue or halt.
func (step *ConvertVMXToOVF) Run(stateBag multistep.StateBag) multistep.StepAction {
	var err error

	state := helpers.ForStateBag(stateBag)
	ui := state.GetUI()

	// Minimum compression, by default.
	if step.DiskCompression < 1 || step.DiskCompression > 9 {
		step.DiskCompression = 1
	}

	// Auto-detect tool location if not already specified.
	if step.OVFExecutable == "" {
		step.OVFExecutable = "ovftool"
	}

	vmxFile, err := step.getSourceVMXFile(state)
	if err != nil {
		state.ShowError(err)

		return multistep.ActionHalt
	}

	ovfFile, err := step.getTargetOVFFile()
	if err != nil {
		state.ShowError(err)

		return multistep.ActionHalt
	}

	ovfTool, err := step.createOVFTool(ui)
	if err != nil {
		state.ShowError(err)

		return multistep.ActionHalt
	}

	diskMode := "--diskMode=monolithicSparse"
	success, err := ovfTool.Run(
		diskMode, // VM disk format (single file, sparse)
		vmxFile,  // From VMX
		ovfFile,  // To OVF
	)
	if err != nil {
		state.ShowError(err)

		return multistep.ActionHalt
	}

	if !success {
		state.ShowErrorMessage("ovftool exit code does not indicate success")

		return multistep.ActionHalt
	}

	ovfArtifact, err := artifacts.NewFromFilesInLocalDirectory(step.OutputDir, "ddcloud.ovf")
	if err != nil {
		state.ShowError(err)

		return multistep.ActionHalt
	}
	state.SetSourceArtifact(ovfArtifact)

	return multistep.ActionContinue
}

// Cleanup is called in reverse order of the steps that have run
// and allow steps to clean up after themselves. Do not assume if this
// ran that the entire multi-step sequence completed successfully. This
// method can be ran in the face of errors and cancellations as well.
//
// The parameter is the same "state bag" as Run, and represents the
// state at the latest possible time prior to calling Cleanup.
func (step *ConvertVMXToOVF) Cleanup(stateBag multistep.StateBag) {
	if !step.CleanupOVF {
		return // No cleanup required.
	}

	state := helpers.ForStateBag(stateBag)

	if step.OutputDir != "" {
		err := os.RemoveAll(step.OutputDir)
		if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
			state.SetLastError(err)
			state.GetUI().Error(
				err.Error(),
			)
		}

		step.OutputDir = ""
	}
}

// Verify that the output directory has been configured and does not yet exist.
func (step *ConvertVMXToOVF) ensureOutputDirectory() (err error) {
	if step.OutputDir == "" {
		step.OutputDir, err = ioutil.TempDir(
			"",                // Use default temp directory
			"packer_vmx_ovf_", // Directory prefix
		)
		if err != nil {
			return
		}
	} else {
		// Verify that target directory does not exist.
		_, err = os.Stat(step.OutputDir)
		if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
			err = fmt.Errorf(
				"Output directory '%s' already exists",
				step.OutputDir,
			)

			return
		}

		err = os.MkdirAll(step.OutputDir, 0700 /* u=rwx */)
		if err != nil {
			return
		}
	}

	return
}

// Retrieve the .vmx file path from the source artifact in state data.
func (step *ConvertVMXToOVF) getSourceVMXFile(state helpers.State) (vmxFilePath string, err error) {
	sourceArtifact := state.GetSourceArtifact()
	if sourceArtifact == nil {
		err = fmt.Errorf(
			"Cannot find source artifact in state data.",
		)

		return
	}

	if sourceArtifact.BuilderId() != "mitchellh.vmware" {
		err = fmt.Errorf(
			"Source artifact '%s' is of type '%s' (expected 'mitchellh.vmware').",
			sourceArtifact.Id(),
			sourceArtifact.BuilderId(),
		)

		return
	}

	vmxFilePath = artifacts.GetFirstFileWithExtension(".vmx", sourceArtifact)
	if vmxFilePath == "" {
		err = fmt.Errorf(
			"Cannot find .vmx file in source artifact '%s'.",
			sourceArtifact.Id(),
		)

		return
	}

	currentDir, _ := os.Getwd()
	vmxFilePath = path.Join(currentDir, vmxFilePath)

	return
}

// Get the target .ovf file path.
func (step *ConvertVMXToOVF) getTargetOVFFile() (targetOVFFile string, err error) {
	err = step.ensureOutputDirectory()
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	targetOVFFile = path.Join(step.OutputDir,
		fmt.Sprintf("%s.ovf", step.PackageName),
	)

	return
}

func (step *ConvertVMXToOVF) createOVFTool(ui packer.Ui) (ovfTool *helpers.Tool, err error) {
	return helpers.ForTool(step.OVFExecutable, step.OutputDir, func(programOutput string) {
		ui.Message(fmt.Sprintf(
			"[ovftool] %s",
			programOutput,
		))
	})
}


text:
Existing tax architecture should be condemned
Tuesday, 1 July 2014 Media Alerts
"The international tax architecture is horribly out of date with the result that the existing structure should be condemned as no longer fit for purpose," said Professor Chris Evans from UNSW's Australian School of Business.
He argues that the ability of multinational companies to 'drive a coach and horses' through the international tax rules, such as by legitimate profit shifting strategies adopted by miners to reduce their corporate profits to zero, poses a serious risk to corporate tax revenues for all countries, undermines tax sovereignty and adds to the perceptions of an unfair tax system for ordinary taxpayers.
"Although we can attempt to shore up existing tax arrangements with patchwork renovations such as revising the transfer pricing, thin capitalisation and general anti-avoidance rules, or by exchanging more information across international borders, a better and more imaginative process might be to tear it all down, re-design and re-build on a multilateral level."
"Australia's tax system is creaking under the strain of globalisation and we need to act radically and in concert with other countries to plug revenue holes," he added, warning that Australian governments shouldn't get too distracted by a planned global crackdown on 'base erosion and profit shifting' (BEPS) prompted by the increasing ease with which firms such as Apple and Google can shift their IP & profits to the lowest tax country. "It's high profile – but in the general scheme of things I don't think the G20 and OECD approach to tackling BEPS will get us very far" he said.
"We need to be a bit more imaginative in how we deal with the problem" he added. "For example, the problem stems from the fact that multinationals are treated as if they are a series of separate entities operating in different tax jurisdictions for tax purposes. That way they can easily shift their expenses to high tax countries - where they are worth more to the company - and their income to tax haven jurisdictions where they will pay little or no tax."
"If, instead, the multinational were treated as one single global entity, and had to make a consolidated report on all its activities to all tax authorities for the countries it operates in, then it would be a relatively simple task to stop this tax arbitrage activity. A portion of those consolidated profits could be allocated to each of those countries on the basis of predetermined factors, such as the number of employees, or amount of sales or physical assets in each of those countries. Each country could then tax their share of the profits at whatever rate they deemed appropriate and put an end to the game playing."
He will discuss how Australia's tax system should be reformed at the 2014 Pathways to Growth, Economic and Social Outlook Conference on Friday 4 July.
For further comment call
Chris Evans on 02 9385 9546, 0403 206063, or Email ccevans@unsw.edu.au.
Julian Lorkin: 02 9385 9887
cc.evans@unsw.edu.au
existing-tax-architecture-should-be-condemned


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text:
Marlyn Wu
Karthik Krishnamurthy
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome CME
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a hereditary cancer syndrome characterized by gastrointestinal (GI) polyposis, mucocutaneous pigmented macules, and cancer predisposition. Patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are at an increased risk for developing GI cancers of the colorectal, pancreatic, and gastric organs in addition to a wide variety of non-GI epithelial malignancies such as breast, uterine, and cervical cancers, lung cancer, and tumors of the ovaries and testicles. Among the various malignancies, colorectal is most common with a lifetime risk of 39%. Followed by breast cancer in females with a lifetime risk of 32% to 54%. Females with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are also at risk for gynecological cancers such as benign ovarian sex cord tumors with annular tubules (SCTATs) and mucinous tumors of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Males with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are at risk of Sertoli cell tumors of the testes, which are often hormonally active, secreting estrogen. Males present with gynecomastia, advanced bone age, and rapid growth with short stature. Due to the increased risk for various malignancies, diligent surveillance is recommended.[1]
The clinical course of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome manifests when germ-line STK11 mutations are accompanied by an acquired defect in the second STK11 allele in somatic cells. The STK11/LKB1 gene functions as a tumor suppressor which play an important role in regulating the cell cycle.[2]
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is a relatively rare disorder with an estimated incidence of about 1 in 25,000 to 300,000 births. The syndrome can occur in any ethnic group with males and females affected equally. Patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are at an increased risk for developing malignancies; the average age of developing cancer is 42 years.
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder. It is most often due to germ-line mutations in the STK11 (LKB1) on chromosome 19p13.3. STK11 is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell polarity. The gene encodes serine/threonine kinase 11 which play an important role in regulating the cell cycle. Mutations in STK11 are detected in 50% to 80% of families with PJS; for the remaining patients, PJS likely resulted from de novo mutations.[3]
The 2, classic, clinical manifestations of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are mucocutaneous pigment macules and hamartomatous GI polyps. The average age of diagnosis is 23; the first presentation is often from bowel obstruction due to intussusception from the hamartomatous polyps in the GI tract.
Pigmented mucocutaneous dark blue, brown, to black macules, are present in over 95% of individuals with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Most commonly distributed on the lips, perioral areas, buccal mucosa, eyes, nostrils, fingertips, palms, soles, and perianal areas. The macules are rarely present at birth but appear in childhood usually before the age of 5 with oral pigmentation being the first to appear during the first year of life. The macules may fade during puberty and adulthood, except for those on the buccal mucosa which remain into adulthood. No malignant transformation is associated with the melanocytic macules.
Benign hamartomatous polyps with low malignancy-risk develop within the first decade of life and are found anywhere along the GI tract, most commonly the jejunum and extraintestinal sites including but not limited to the bronchus, renal pelvis, and urinary bladder.
Complications of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome include intussusception or obstruction of the GI lumen by the polyps. This may result in abdominal pain or ulceration of the bowels. Up to 69% of patients experience intussusception of the small intestine, with the first event occurring between the ages of 6 and 18 years. GI polyps can also cause chronic bleeding leading to anemia.
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is based on clinical findings of having at least 2 of the 3 listed clinical criteria for a positive diagnosis:
Multiple dark blue to brown pigmented (macules) lesions on the mucous membranes and skin are most often intraoral on the buccal mucosa or gingiva, lips, perioral, fingertips, palms, and soles
Hamartomatous intestinal polyps
Mucocutaneous findings are non-specific for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; other differentials must be considered. Molecular and genetic testing can aid in confirming the diagnosis
Treatment / Management
The mainstay of management of patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome includes surveillance, prevention of manifestations of the condition, and treatment of complications.[1][2][3]
Peutz Jeghers patients may develop GI polyposis as early as 10 years old, with the small intestine as the most common site. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the small intestine with upper endoscopy in addition to colonoscopy beginning at early adolescence.
Due to the increased risk of malignancy in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome surveillance recommendations includes the following:
Upper GI Tract
Baseline screening beginning at 12 years old
If polyps found repeat annually
In absence of polyps repeat every 2-3 years into adulthood
Baseline screening beginning at 12 years old or earlier if reported symptoms
In absence of polyps repeat at 1-3 year intervals
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and/or endoscopic ultrasound: Beginning at 25 to 30 years old; Repeat every 1 to 2 years
Breast examination: 6-month clinical breast examination beginning at age 25
Breast mammogram: Beginning at age 25
Papanicolaou smear: Annually
Transvaginal ultrasound: Consider yearly transvaginal ultrasound beginning at age 18
Consider annual examination and yearly ultrasound beginning at age 10.
Genetic counseling is recommended to individuals that have a family history of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and are planning to have children
In female patients with Peutz Jeghers prophylactic mastectomy to manage the increased risk for breast cancer and hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy after childbearing completion or age 35 to prevent gynecologic malignancy could be considered.[4][5]
Juvenile polyposis (JPS), is an autosomal dominant inherited condition which presents with hamartomatous polyps of the small intestine due to mutations in the BMPR1A, SMAD4 or ENG genes; however, dermatological findings of PJS are not appreciated.[6][7]
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Bannayan-Riley Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), and Cowden Syndrome belong to a family of hamartomatous polyposis syndromes. Therefore, they share similar clinical features such as gastrointestinal polyposis, but they differ in genetic loci mutation. BRRS and Cowden syndromes belong to the PTEN1 gene mutations, with pigmented lesions most commonly on the glans penis. Bannayan-Riley Ruvalcaba patients present with macrocephaly, developmental delay, lipomas, and vascular abnormalities and Cowden syndrome patients present with trichilemmomas, facial papules/oral papillomas, and acral keratoses.
Pigmented intraoral mucocutaneous macules can be found in Laugier-Hunziker syndrome (LHS) but appear later in life after childhood. Additional dermatological findings of longitudinal hyperpigmented bands (melanonychia) on toe and fingernails are also present. Laugier-Hunziker syndrome is not associated with gastrointestinal polyposis.
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome patients are at an increased risk for malignancies. Earlier screening and surveillance is recommended.
Mesenteric ischemia
Gastric outlet obstruction
An interprofessional approach to PJS is recommended. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a hereditary cancer syndrome characterized by GI polyposis, mucocutaneous pigmented macules and cancer predisposition. Patients with PJS are at an increased risk for developing GI cancers of the colorectal, pancreatic, and gastric organs besides a wide variety of non- gastrointestinal epithelial malignancies such as breast, uterine and cervical cancer, lung and tumors of the ovaries and testicles. An interprofessional team consisting of a geneticist, gastroenterologist, general surgeon, dermatologist, urologist, and gynecologist is recommended to decrease the morbidity and mortality of this syndrome. The primary care provider and nurse practitioner should refer these patients to the appropriate specialist as soon as the diagnosis is made. A consult should take place with a board-certified oncology pharmacist regarding the patient's medication regimen, for both cancer and non-cancer meds, and an oncology specialty nurse can assist in the monitoring, answer patient questions, and report any changes in status to the managing clinician immediately. The outlook for most patients is guarded. For those who remain cancer-free, the long-term outlook is good, but once malignancies develop, the lifespan is shorter.[8][9][10]
[1] Benzel J,Fendrich V, Familial Pancreatic Cancer. Oncology research and treatment. 2018 [PubMed PMID: 30269130]
[2] Signoretti M,Bruno MJ,Zerboni G,Poley JW,Delle Fave G,Capurso G, Results of surveillance in individuals at high-risk of pancreatic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. United European gastroenterology journal. 2018 May [PubMed PMID: 29881603]
[3] Spoto CPE,Gullo I,Carneiro F,Montgomery EA,Brosens LAA, Hereditary gastrointestinal carcinomas and their precursors: An algorithm for genetic testing. Seminars in diagnostic pathology. 2018 May [PubMed PMID: 29397239]
[4] Jaegle WT,Keyser EA,Messersmith L,Brady RO,Miller C, Extraovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules discovered arising from a leiomyoma. Gynecologic oncology reports. 2018 Nov [PubMed PMID: 30148200]
[5] Pelit ES,Erol B,Zenginkinet T,Çaşkurlu T, Testis-sparing surgery of unilateral testicular large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor: a sporadic case. Turkish journal of urology. 2018 Jul [PubMed PMID: 29799406]
[6] Zhao HM,Yang YJ,Duan JQ,Ouyang HJ,Liu L,Yi LC,Attard TM,Li DY,You JY, Clinical and Genetic Study of children With Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Identifies a High Frequency of STK11 De Novo Mutation. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2018 Oct 16 [PubMed PMID: 30334930]
[7] Duan N,Zhang YH,Wang WM,Wang X, Mystery behind labial and oral melanotic macules: Clinical, dermoscopic and pathological aspects of Laugier-Hunziker syndrome. World journal of clinical cases. 2018 Sep 26 [PubMed PMID: 30283795]
[8] Yoshikawa T,Abe T,Amano H,Hanada K,Minami T,Kobayashi T,Yonehara S,Nakahara M,Ohdan H,Noriyuki T, Metachronous triple cancer associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome treated with curative surgery: a case report. Surgical case reports. 2018 Aug 1 [PubMed PMID: 30069736]
[9] Shah J,Sunkara T,Xiao P,Gaduputi V,Reddy M,Razia S, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Presenting as Colonic Intussusception: A Rare Entity. Gastroenterology research. 2018 Apr [PubMed PMID: 29707083]
[10] Pittman ME,Brosens LA,Wood LD, Genetic Syndromes with Pancreatic Manifestations. Surgical pathology clinics. 2016 Dec [PubMed PMID: 27926368]


Naval Dome has come up with an innovative approach to managing the cyber security status of all protected systems onboard ships, allowing shipboard and shoreside staff to monitor and evaluate fleet-wide system data, even when they are offline. Until now, only crew members have been able to access a ship's offline data sets.
The Naval Dome Dashboard collects and collates all the data captured by the company's multi award-winning Endpoint cyber protection system for use either at the company's HQ – where personnel can access both online and offline shipboard data – or onboard the vessel itself, to provide the master or chief engineer with a complete picture of the ship's cyber status.
Naval Dome CEO Itai Sela says the Naval Dome Dashboard is particularly suitable for ships fitted with multiple, complex technologies. It can be tailored to the customers' specific needs and can be integrated with existing dashboards.
Once the Endpoint system has gathered information from navigation and machinery equipment, such as ECDIS, RADAR, MCS and other critical equipment onboard, the data is accessed via an easy-to-navigate Dashboard display on a PC.
The Naval Dome Dashboard gives an exact picture of the critical equipment status, allowing users to quickly determine the number of PC-based systems onboard each ship and which of them are protected.
A Cyber State section provides information on the number of cyber security anomalies detected (caused for example by GPS spoofing), while a Cyber Map pinpoints the geographical origin of cyber attack attempts as gathered from Naval Dome cyber data base. The Dashboard also shows operators which systems are "connected" and those that are offline, highlighting when systems were last updated.
Importantly, the Dashboard indicates if an attack is in progress, but for information purposes only as those systems protected by Naval Dome Endpoint will have been secured without requiring intervention from the crew.
If an anomaly alert is issued by the Naval Dome security system the Dashboard will enable the operator to assess how the crew reacted to the problem, pinpointing the precise location of a suspected event and detailing who was using the equipment at the time.
When shoreside operators wish to assess the performance of critical systems, data can be uploaded from the Endpoint to Naval Dome's secure cloud, from where it is available through the dashboard, allowing secure access to information from standalone systems.
For online use, the information available through the Dashboard enables the ship and shoreside crews to assess the cyber status of each ship and of the entire fleet, says Sela.
"Naval Dome knowhow offers multiple layers of protection and anomaly detection, the effectiveness of which has been proved by comparing systems protected by Endpoint with those which are not.
"In this way, secure use of onboard systems can be more efficiently monitored and lessons can be learned from the experience to further optimise fleet efficiency, ultimately, reducing the costs related to resolving non cyber events," says Sela.


text:
Q: what does it mean by %x after num variable? I am new to Python. The following code confuses me and I don't understand properly how it works, especially the code block if num%x==0. Can anybody explain it?
num=int(input("Enter a number: "))
for x in range(2,num):
    if num%x==0:
        print("{} is not prime".format(num))
        break
else:
     print ("{} is prime".format(num))

A: % is the modulus operator. num % x returns the remainder when num is divided by x; thus, if num % x is zero then num is evenly divisible by x, there being no remainder after the division is performed.


text:
package com.tongbupan.tpush.message.definition;

import org.codehaus.jackson.annotate.JsonTypeInfo;
import org.codehaus.jackson.annotate.JsonTypeInfo.As;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.annotate.JsonSerialize;

@JsonSerialize(include = JsonSerialize.Inclusion.NON_NULL)
@JsonTypeInfo(use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME, include = As.PROPERTY, property = "@class")
public class RequestLogMessage extends ProtocolMessage {

	private String adminUsername;
	private String adminPassword;
	private String uploadPath;
	private String filename;
	private String whichlog;

	public String getAdminUsername() {
		return adminUsername;
	}

	public void setAdminUsername(String adminUsername) {
		this.adminUsername = adminUsername;
	}

	public String getAdminPassword() {
		return adminPassword;
	}

	public void setAdminPassword(String adminPassword) {
		this.adminPassword = adminPassword;
	}

	public String getUploadPath() {
		return uploadPath;
	}

	public void setUploadPath(String uploadPath) {
		this.uploadPath = uploadPath;
	}

	public String getFilename() {
		return filename;
	}

	public void setFilename(String filename) {
		this.filename = filename;
	}

	public String getWhichlog() {
		return whichlog;
	}

	public void setWhichlog(String whichlog) {
		this.whichlog = whichlog;
	}

}


Although almost 8 million passengers are entitled to flight compensation every year, less than 5% of them will contact the airline to claim reimbursement for their delayed or cancelled flight. Was your air travel with Aer Lingus disrupted, and the airline is to blame? Learn how to request flight compensation from Aer Lingus.
The airline founded in 1936 is Ireland's national flag carrier and flies to over 80 destinations across the globe. The Aer Lingus's fleet of 48 aircraft is the country's second-biggest airline and carries millions of passengers worldwide. Did you travel with Aer Lingus, and they failed to get you to the destination on time? You should fill a disrupted flight refund form on our website and claim compensation for the delayed flight.
Aer Lingus is legally obliged by the European Regulation EU 261 to provide compensation for delayed or cancelled flights. When the air travel is annulled or disrupted, and the cause was under the airline's control, they should reimburse you up to 600€, depending on the distance of the flight and the length of the delay.
Before using an online form regarding Aer Lingus to request flight delay repay, we also recommend you to check on the AirClaim calculator how much the airline owes you. Insert your flight information – the airport where you departed from, and the final destination – then tell us how long was your air trip delayed. Based on these details, you can claim from 250€ to 600€ as flight delay compensation.
Will Aer Lingus offer flight cancellation compensation?
As Air Lingus has reasonably cheap prices, they can sometimes experience flight delays/cancellations. Maybe you were denied in boarding on the plane due to overbooking, or your flight couldn't depart on time because of a mechanical fault. The European law protects you, and you are eligible to flight cancellation compensation.
However, the airline will probably try to wave their obligation to pay reimbursement, stating that the disruption appeared because of "extraordinary circumstances." What you should do is check the status of other flights, look into the weather – as severe weather conditions qualify for extraordinary circumstances – and verify the airport for signs that could disrupt your air travel.
Escalate your claim on the AirClaim calculator, submit the information of your flight, as well as the real time of the arrival, and find how much Aer Lingus should provide as flight cancellation compensation. Discuss with the customer service of the airline, too. They might help detect what caused the delay/cancellation, and their answer could serve for proof when claiming reimbursement from Aer Lingus.
If you request reimbursement on your own, the airline could reject it, and you'll have to address regulators or even the Civil Aviation Authority. Why don't you ask assistance from AirClaim? Our team of experts will undertake all steps necessary to get reimbursement for your expenses and loss of time. Follow the guidelines published on our website, and receive flight compensation from Aer Lingus!