text:
En matemáticas, el tiempo de Liapunov es la escala de tiempo característica en la que un sistema dinámico es caótico . Lleva el nombre del matemático ruso Aleksandr Liapunov . Se define como el inverso del mayor exponente de Lyapunov de un sistema.

Uso
El tiempo de Lyapunov refleja los límites de la previsibilidad del sistema. Por convención, se define como el tiempo en el cual la distancia entre las trayectorias cercanas del sistema aumenta en un factor de e . Sin embargo, a veces se encuentran medidas en términos de 2 y 10 pliegues, ya que corresponden a la pérdida de un bit de información o un dígito de precisión, respectivamente.

Si bien se utiliza en muchas aplicaciones de la teoría de sistemas dinámicos, se ha utilizado particularmente en la mecánica celeste donde es importante para el problema de la estabilidad del Sistema Solar . Sin embargo, la estimación empírica del tiempo de Lyapunov a menudo se asocia con incertidumbres computacionales o inherentes.

Ejemplos
Los valores típicos son:

Véase también

 Reacción de Belousov-Zhabotinsky
 Función de Liapunov
 Caos molecular
 Problema de los tres cuerpos

Referencias

Sistemas dinámicos


Dilly Dally tickets schedule and inventory. The Kind Tickets has great Dilly Dally tickets for all performances. If you need help with any of your Dilly Dally ticketing needs please give us a call and a representative will be happy to assist you at (800) 289-8425 or click here for live help.


Standard resistance coils, sub ohm coils, optional RTA head to build your own coil. The Triton does it all.
Utilise the top fill system - quickly fill with eliquid by twisting the drip tip base and removing the upper drip tip mouthpiece to reveal the fill holes.
The Triton adjustable airflow system - this works in 2 ways. 1st the selectable drip tip airflow allows cooling of the vapour when required. 2nd the airflow base can be adjusted using the slider to find the perfect vape.
Pyrex Glass tank with a large 3.5ml capacity - will keep you vaping for longer in between fills.
New style colour coded coils. Blue Standard resistance 1.8 ohm uses the industry standard traditional Kanthal coil wire whilst the Black sub 0.4 ohm introduces a new surgical grade stainless steel tube style wire filament. Both use Japanese Organic Cotton wicking as standard for a fuller flavoured vape.
RBA compatible. Use with the optional Aspire RTA kit with the Triton and bulid your own coils and transform the Triton tank into a Rebuildable Atomiser Tank.
Please Note: RTA kit is sold seperately. You can find the RTA System in the related products at the side of this listing.
First thing you notice about this tank is its look and it's build quality and both are amazing.
I have owned various Aspire tanks and this is by far the most aesthetically pleasing, the airflow is great and is the top filling system.
The only drawbacks being you do get some build up in the drip tip that can cause a tiny bit of leaking and the coil intake holes don't quite reach the bottom of the tank resulting in a small amount of unvapeable juice, so it will require a quick clean out if you plan to change flavours.
The Triton tank is really well built. The top filling feature is a definite plus reducing any mess on refills and both coils perform well, good flavour and vapour volume.
The tank also has a verity of coils to use (1.8,0.4) are the two I have tested so far both are great.


"Right to reside". What does it all mean?
What is the right to reside in the UK?
Most people who come to the UK have permission to enter the country and spend time here. This is called lawful presence. However if you want to claim benefits, you must also have a right to reside.
if you're an EEA national, the right to reside under European Treaty rights.
As an EEA national you're automatically given a three-month right to reside when you enter the UK but this is not accepted as a right to reside for the Habitual Residence Test.
The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to family members in possession of a valid passport who are not nationals of a Member State, accompanying or joining the Union citizen.
Under European law, if you take up work in the UK, you also gain a right to reside and you may be able to claim certain benefits.
Your right to reside will depend on your personal circumstances.
If your parent was born in the UK you may be able to argue you have British citizenship.
If you have been working in the UK and you lose your job, or if you are self-employed and work dries up, you can keep your right to live there under certain conditions.
The right of residence provided for in paragraph 1 shall extend to family members who are not nationals of a Member State, accompanying or joining the Union citizen in the host Member State, provided that such Union citizen satisfies the conditions referred to in paragraph 1(a), (b) or (c).
By way of derogation from paragraphs 1(d) and 2 above, only the spouse, the registered partner provided for in Article 2(2)(b) and dependent children shall have the right of residence as family members of a Union citizen meeting the conditions under 1(c) above. Article 3(2) shall apply to his/her dependent direct relatives in the ascending lines and those of his/her spouse or registered partner.
Equal treatment- During the time you're allowed to stay in your host country after losing your job, you should continue to enjoy the same rights as nationals of that country: welfare benefits, access to employment, pay, benefits to facilitate access to work, etc.
Deportation- In exceptional cases, your host country can deport you on grounds of public policy, public security, or public health - but only if it can prove you pose a serious threat. The deportation decision must be given to you in writing. It must state all the reasons for your deportation, and specify how you can appeal and by when.
A document can make it easier to claim certain benefits and services and prove you have a right to live in the UK.


text:
Q: How to cache AVPlayer video? I have AVPlayers embedded into UITableViewCells and need a way to cache the video that's loaded so that when I refresh the table view, it doesn't have to load the videos again. The code I'm using at the moment to load videos is as follows:
let videoString = "http://www.someurl.com"
let videoURL = NSURL(string: videoString)

videoPlayer = AVPlayer(URL: videoURL!)
videoPlayer!.actionAtItemEnd = AVPlayerActionAtItemEnd.None

videoView.playerLayer.player = videoPlayer

I cache images by storing the returned image from a server in a dictionary with it's ID as the key. I'm looking for a similar way for videos, any help would be appreciated.

A: Ideally their is no in-built support to cache the vidoes,however depending upon the size of the video you may try to download it in background, once the video start playing.
However do note that this process will increase the cache size of the app, and may consume lot of space depending upon the size of the video, so you may cache few videos that the user has watched few minutes back, or you may restrict it to the 5-10 latest vidoes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Opt for our Royal Blue Maternity Wrap Dress this season - a day to dark essential for every stage of pregnancy. The iconic wrap design in soft stretch jersey allows you to adjust the fit for before, during and after your nine months, and provides easy access for nursing after baby is born. Long sash ties secure the style at the empire waist, while a single button fastens at the neckline to create a fashionable keyhole feature. This gorgeous royal blue maternity dress features flattering cap sleeves, and drapes beautifully, finishing above the knee for a versatile style that you'll reach for again & again.


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F1: when to catch the European Grand Prix in the UK
Thursday, August 21st, 2008
Wondering what time to get yourself in front of the telly or radio for the latest round in the F1 championship? Here are the broadcast times for the stations covering the European Grand Prix in the UK (all times BST):
Friday first practice: 9am-10.30am, Friday August 22 on BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra.
Friday practice broadcast live online at http://www.itv-f1.com: Friday August 22 from 9am (session one) and 1pm (session two).
European Grand Prix race preview with Maurice Hamilton, David Croft and Holly Samos: Friday August 22, 9.30pm-10pm, BBC Radio 5 Live.
Third practice: Saturday August 23, 10am-11am, BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra.
Live qualifying: Saturday August 23, 12.55pm-2.05pm, BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra
Live qualifying: Saturday August 23, 12pm-2.30pm, ITV1, video also available at http://www.itv-f1.com to UK users.
Qualifying highlights: Sunday August 24, 10.30am-12pm, ITV4
Live race: Sunday August 24, full race commentary from 12.55pm, BBC Radio 5 Live.
Live race: Sunday August 24, 12pm-3.10pm, ITV1, video also available at http://www.itv-f1.com to UK users.
Race highlights: Sunday August 24, 10.45pm-11.45pm, ITV1. **Once again, note earlier time.
Chequered Flag Podcast available from BBC Radio here from Sunday evening
Race highlights re-run: Monday August 25, 6pm-7pm, ITV4
Live GP2 coverage:
Feature race: Saturday August 23, 2.30pm-4.30pm, ITV4
Sprint race: Sunday August 24, 9.25am-10.30am, ITV4
Find out more about the BBC's coverage here, or ITV's here. Or check out the ITV live video streaming page here.
The race is also likely to be covered live on the BBC Sport website here, and extremely comprehensively by Autosport.com. Or visit the F1 Fanatic chatroom.
And, following the success of our recent race live blogs, we plan to once again be in front of the TV with a laptop and a pot of tea right here at Brits on Pole – why not join us?
Categorised under F1, tagged under broadcast times, European Grand Prix, Formula One, Valencia Street Circuit.
« Superleague Formula: Hometown boy Dalziel excited with Rangers drive
F1: European Grand Prix preview »
User guide to the European Grand Prix
F1: weather report for Valencia
F1: Lewis on pole as McLaren shut out Valencia front row

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Oh, hey! Even though I'm taking a break from the blog through the end of August, I am still doing my annual Summer Photo Series. I've spent a summer photographing colors in Ptown and a summer searching for shapes. This summer, I'm looking for patterns. As you'll see, I'll be using a loose definition of "pattern." So let's get to it!


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Q: Comentários em classes causam lentidão no Eclipse? Eu tenho um projeto antigo, cujo tamanho é 225Mb, onde a maioria das classes tem o corpo todo comentado. No passado eu não usava versionamento de código na minha empresa e o versionamento era feito no próprio código, comentando uma linha e escrevendo a alteração na linha abaixo. Exemplo:
==> 2019-07-09 o código era:
System.out.println ("Hello World 1");

==> 2019-07-10 o código era:
//System.out.println("Olá Mundo 1 ");
System.out.println ("Hello World 2");

==> 2019-07-11 o código era:
//System.out.println("Olá Mundo 1 ");
//System.out.println ("Hello World 2");
System.out.println ("Hello World 3");

Agora imagine isso para mais de 2000 classes, onde existem vários blocos grandes de código comentado.
Todas essas classes podem causar lentidão no Eclipse?
Por que quando abro este projeto o Eclipse fica muito lento?

A: Não vou afirmar categoricamente, mas não causa nada muito significativo, pelo menos deveria ser algo muito pequeno e imperceptível.
Eu sei que o Eclipse faz muitas análises enquanto você está codificando e isso tem um custo, quanto mais texto para analisar mais lento fica, mas não é para mudar muita coisa, o grosso do tempo gasto na análise é feita em coisas muito mais relevantes, o casso dos comentários só gastará tempo no scanner e imagino ter otimizações para evitar repetição onde não deve, então não deve se preocupar com isso.
Eu passaria os dados de versionamento para outro lugar e retirá-los pra limpar o código com coisas que não deveriam estar aí, deve dar um ligeiro ganho (bem ligeiro mesmo, não sei se perceberá) mas o motivo para fazer isto não deve ser a performance.
Códigos antigos não deveriam ficar na base de código oficial, tire isto também.
O Eclipse é lento e isto é perceptível quanto mais código tem. O estrago maior é analisando o código em si e não os comentários. O Eclipse tem uma arquitetura ruim e ultrapassada, é famoso por ser lento e dá má fama ao Java que um dia já foi lento mas hoje não é mais. A maior parte das lentidões encontradas em programas Java é culpa do programa e não do Java, é muita gente com mentalidade de "código enterprise" enfiando um monte de penduricalhos desnecessários em nome de "boas práticas" que elas não entendem.


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You did NOT pay into the Social Security System.
March 8, 2020 February 27, 2020 by Steven
YOU DID NOT "PAY INTO" Social Security system– anymore than you paid into the income tax system or the Obamacare tax system.
Congress can spend your FICA tax money any way they want to. It is not invested for your benefit. The U.S. Supreme Court in Helvering v. Davis (1937), ruled that Social Security was not a contributory insurance program, saying on page 635:
"The proceeds of both taxes [the employee and employer taxes] are to be paid into the Treasury like other internal revenue taxes generally, and are not earmarked in any way."
Do not be fooled. This applied only to those who got a federal SS card. FICA is enforced only by the Gift and Estate Tax — NOT BY INCOME TAX. A right cannot be taxed (because the government secured the blessings of liberty). Nobody is subject to a law not promulgated to him. Indirect tax is levied without apportionment for the exercise of a revenue taxable activity. Direct Tax applies only to federal persons.
There is no promise to pay benefits. See my essay Things the government forgot to tell you about the Social Security System
The United States Supreme Court in 1937 confirmed that Social Security is an exercise of the Constitutional taxing power to collect taxes. These are paid into the general fund of the United States Treasury. The Supreme Court also said that Congress could, in its future discretion, spend that money for whatever Congress then judged to be the general welfare of the country. Congress has no constitutional power to earmark or segregate certain kinds of tax proceeds for certain purposes, whether the purposes be farm-price supports, foreign aid or social security payments. When Mr. Nestor was deported after 43 years in the U.S. — The Supreme Court in Flemming v. Nestor, 363 U.S. 603, found that there is no contractual right to Social Security benefits, there is no accrued interest or accrued property right in old-age benefits, and congress can vote any "adjustment to ever-changing conditions which it demands and which Congress … had in mind when it expressly reserved the right to alter, amend or repeal any provision of the Act ". There is no entitlement to benefits. Never has been.
There is no division of funds in the treasury — nor has there ever been so from the beginning of Social Security. There is no separate fund created by payments of the Social Security tax.
The Federal Reserve Bank is NOT ABOUT keeping a control of the monetary money supply. By the time FDR was elected, the debt had skyrocketed during peacetime between 1930 to 1934. The Federal Reserve was tightening the money supply as the debt expanded. Something needed to be done to guarantee the payment of the interest on that debt. Federal citizens were to about to become collateral for the national debt.
Socialism is NOT security. SS is just like Obamacare which the Supreme Court determined was "valid as a tax" but not for benefits. Once you get a SSN you are liable for "Social Security and other taxes". Welcome to your Novus Ordo Seclorum.
See my video on the dangers of socialism. I prove that nobody is required to have a SSN.
AS IF IT WAS INSURANCE
While the system of Federal Social Security was "sold as if it were insurance"– it was not. There is a great deception, a strong delusion, that social security taxes are payments of insurance premiums to obtain specified benefits at a specified time. There is no such right.
"The President wanted everybody covered for every contingency in life—'cradle to the grave,' he called it—under the social insurance system… But the Government of the United States is not an insurance company and so it could be done." Forward by Frances Perkins Sec of Labor 1933-45 The Development of the Social Security Act by Edwin E. Witte, page 7. On page 936 through page 946 of the Ways and Means hearings an originator of Social Security [Edwin Witte] stated that Social Security was "sold as if it were insurance" and that was a mistake and should not have been published as such. So it wasn't until 1953 an originator admitted that it is not insurance as published in 1936.
"AS IF IT WERE insurance" IS NOT insurance.
As discussed in topic 3, below, in both Supreme Court Davis cases: The Social Security Tax Act, gives the government no obligation to pay benefits as "an earned right". This is because the government has "no contractual obligation" to make any return payment, and it has carried the provision from the very beginning that, "The right to alter, amend, or repeal any provision of this act is hereby reserved to the Congress." Therefore "Congress could continue to collect the so-called social security payroll taxes even though Congress discontinued all social security benefit payments."
This is exactly what you should expect as the national and world economies continue their descent into devastating decline, debt and disaster. An essential purpose of the system introduced as social security was to add the labor of Americans to the collateral of the State so the people would become a surety of the already increasing debt that powers your central government. To believe that you have a right to get back specified benefits because you paid into Social Security is a delusion.
You were warned in Proverbs 17:18 not to become surety for debt.
Once you get a Social Security Number to change your citizenship to a dual citizenship*, you cannot complain about the consequences. The Social Security Act Title VIII section 801 then requires you to pay Social Security AND OTHER TAXES.
This is also repeated word-for-word in Section 3101(a) of the Internal Revenue Code: "In addition to other taxes, there is hereby imposed on the income of every individual a tax equal to the following percentages of the wages…" Even though the Constitution still requires direct taxes to be apportioned among the several States.
* The Supreme Court in U.S. v Cruikshank case, 92 U.S. 542 at page 551:
"It is the natural consequence of a citizenship which owes allegiance to two sovereignties, and claims protection from both. The citizen cannot complain, because he has voluntarily submitted himself to such a form of government."
Categories Posts Tags social security system Leave a comment Post navigation
When must a Christian obey government?
The Penalty of Perjury.


There's a CASE the Designer Challenge at Global Design Project this week. Brian King's adorable card is featured so I had to play along. I love square cards so I kept his layout but headed to the North Pole for my animals instead of the South Pole. This retired set of Polar Bears by Stampin' Up! is one of my very favorite sets that I will keep forever!
These old fashion snowshoes from Winter Wishes remind me of a simpler time and the word peace seemed like a good fit for the sentiment. But perhaps I reached for the word peace because yesterday's outing with the Katzenjammer Kids went very well. The doctor pronounced Gram totally recovered and a celebratory trip to McDonald's was in order.
My oh so talented friend Jen Timko has a great sketch for us this week at Freshly Made Sketches. Hope you play along - it's a great time to work on your Christmas card stash!
Triple the fun and play along with us at Pals Paper Arts this week!
The Global Design Project has a Christmas theme this week- lots of great ideas there for holiday cards!
If you believe in the magic of Christmas then you will have no trouble believing that a Lighthearted Leaf can become a Christmas tree! I do believe but I am not sure if the magic of Christmas is strong enough to make these two behave on our next outing! I'll keep you posted!
Design Team member Amy O'Neill had some magical news of her own to share this week. She has been selected to be on the new Artisan Design Team at Stampin' Up! Stampin' Up! has recognized what we all know here at FMS - she is one talented gal! She also created our sketch this week at Freshly Made Sketches - hope you join us!
The Stamp Review Crew is featuring the beautiful set Wonderland this week. I have used the gorgeous trees from this set many times. So I decided it was time to use the image I have been neglecting. This sweet little branch doesn't seem to mind the swirl of snowflakes made from embossing paste. Nothing prettier than a Christmas snowstorm!
We headed to Lake Placid again yesterday to visit Mike, Ria and those three pups.
It is already winter in the Adirondacks and Emma was delighted to find a bit of snow to play in!
If you missed Shana's wonderful work hop back to her blog....otherwise head onward to see what my oh so creative friend Heidi has in store!
The wonderful sketch at Cas(e) This Sketch inspired my layout today.
The Paper Players are having a CAS Christmas Card Challenge this week!
12:30 pm: Assisted living calls - Gram (my mother) is still coughing and they want her rechecked. I call the doctor.
1:00 pm: Doctor returns call and can see Gram right away. Bundle up Emma, bribe her with my iPad and head out to get Gram.
1:30 pm: Gram says she feels fine and is not going anywhere. Bribe her with candy and get her in the car.
2:00 pm: Doctor tells Gram she has a touch of pneumonia. Gram tells doctor she has lived to 90 without taking any medicine and isn't going to start now. He has been her doctor for 25 years and hands me the scripts and says good luck......and starts showing Gram pictures of his new condo on his cell phone. She finally hugs him good by and says that I will probably make her take the pills because I am so bossy.....doctor laughs.....happy that he is the good guy and now I'm the bad guy! Bribe her with the promise of an iced coffee to get her out of the office and into the car.
3:00 pm: Drop scripts at pharmacy and drive to Dunkin' for drinks and munchkins. Emma loads diaper while we are waiting in the drive through lane resulting in all windows down and freezing temps in the car. Drive home to change her with Gram squawking in the front seat and Emma saying it's only a little poop Gram!
3:30 pm: Leave Gram in car with coffee and munchkins while I take Emma inside to change her.....Emma tells her not to eat all the chocolate munchkins.
4:00 pm: Back to pharmacy to pick up meds then to assisted living to return Gram. Gram is still holding on to those munchkins......and Emma is still saying don't eat all the chocolate ones! Once inside Gram takes a large paper cup and fills it with munchkins. Emma says those are mine, grabs the cup and runs out into the hall. Gram refuses to take the box and tells me she wants the ones in the cup. I chase down Emma and convince her to take the box and return the cup to Gram.
Erin took this selfie on their trip to the Pumpkin Patch recently. She was smart just to buy them pumpkins and no munchkins!
My talented friend Narelle has a wonderful sketch for us this week at Freshly Made Sketches. The possibilities are endless! I thoroughly enjoyed working on my card....in silence.....using the set Flurry of Wishes! The color blocks are sponged with distress inks - Cracked Pistachio and Peacock Feathers.
OK I'll admit it......maybe I was whining just a little while I was messaging with Brian King the other day. He and I coordinate Pals Paper Arts together and I just happened to mention that sometimes color challenges give me fits.......and I really need a sketch to get me going! Well he turned out to be the right guy to whine to because two minutes later this sketch appeared in my messages - complete with me and Corduroy!
I definitely used his sketch as my inspiration this week! Corduroy looks like a sweet little bear so I paired the bear from Thankful Forest Friends with a Paper Pumpkin sentiment and I was good to go!
Pals Paper Arts this week! Hope you play along!
A friend recently wrote to me that she liked that my cards and blog reflected what was going on in my life. She's right! I often choose colors and images that reflect the season and happenings around me. The beautiful fall colors of October have faded here so I reached for Sahara Sand to stamp my leaves. We have turned the clocks back and are settling in for the dark chilly month of November. But it's not all bad! The hint of red and green in my card is a sign of the festive holiday season to come. In the meantime I am going to enjoy the month of quiet before the chaos begins. I have the Outlander series on DVD to finish, the new John Grisham book on my nightstand and a peck of apples waiting to be baked into pies.......and there is always a card or two to make!
So brew a cup of something warm and settle in to enjoy the Stamp Review Crew's hop featuring Lighthearted Leaves.
Hop back to Nikki Spencer's blog if you missed her wonderful work or keep on going to see what treats Holly Krautkremer has in store!
The layout for my card came from the wonderful sketch at CAS(E) this Sketch this week!


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82 RezensionenRezension schreiben
The Holy Bible: Containing the Old and New Testaments and the Apocrypha, Band 3
did ordain in their set office. So they and their children had the oversight of the gates of the house of the Lord, namely, the house of the tabernacle, by wards. In four quarters were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south. And their brethren, which were in their villages, were to come after seven days from time to time with them.
For these Levites, the four chief porters, were in their set office, and were over the chambers and treasuries of the house of God. And they lodged round about the house of God, because the charge was upon them, and the opening thereof every morning pertained to them. And certain of them had the charge of the ministering vessels, that they should bring them in and out by tale. Some of them also were appointed to oversee the vessels,and all the instruments of the sanctuary, and the fine flour, and the wine,and the oil, and the frankincense, and the spices. And some of the sons of the priests made the ointment of the spices. And Mattithiah, one of the Levites, who was the firstborn of Shallum the Korahite, had the set office over the things that were made in the pans. And other of their brethren, of the sons of the Kohathites were over the shewbread, to prepare it every sabbath. And these are the singers, chief of the fathers of the Levites, who remaining in the chambers
were free: for they were employed in that work day and night. These chief fathers of the Levites were chief throughout their generations; these dwelt at Jerusalem.
And in Gibeon dwelt the father of Gibeon, Jehiel, whose wife's name was Maachah: and his firstborn son Abdon, then Zur, and Kish, and Baal, and Ner, and Nadab, and Gedor, and Ahio, and Zechariah, and Mikloth. And Mikloth begat Shimeam. And they also dwelt with their brethren at Jerusalem, over against their brethren. And Ner begat Kish; and Kish begat Saul; and Saul begat Jonathan, and Malchi-shua, and Abinadab,and Esh-baal. And the son of Jonathan was Merib-baal: and Merib-baal begat Micah. And the sons of Micah were, Pithon, and Melech, and Tahrea, and Ahaz. And Ahaz begat Jarah; and Jarah begat Alemeth,and Azmaveth,and Zimri; and Zimri begat Moza; and Moza begat Binea; and Rephaiah his son, Eleasah his son, Azel his son. And Azel had six sons, whose names are these, Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan: these were the sons of Azel.
Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. And the Philistines followed hard after Saul, and after his sons; and the
Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchi-shua, the sons of Saul. And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit him, and he was wounded of the archers. Then said Saul to his armourbearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and abuse me. But his armourbearer would not ; for he was sore afraid. So Saul took a sword, and fell upon it. And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise on the sword, and died. So Saul died, and his three sons, and all his house died together.
And when all the men of Israel that were in the valley saw that they fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, then they forsook their cities, and fled: and the Philistines came and dwelt in them. And it came to pass on the morrow, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his sons fallen in mount Gilboa. And when they had stripped hiin, they took his head, and his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry tidings unto their idols, and to the people. And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the temple of Dagon. And when all Jabeshgilead heard all that the Philistines had done to Saul, they arose, all the valiant men, and took
the body of Saul, and the bodies of his sons, and brought
them to Jabesh, and buried their bones under the oak in Jabesh, and fasted seven days.
So Saul died for his transgression which he committed against the Lord, even against the word of the Lord, which he kept not, and also for asking counsel of one that had a familiar spirit, to enquire of it; and enquired not of the Lord: therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David the son of Jesse.
Then all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh. And moreover in time past, even when Saul was king, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the Lord thy God said unto thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be ruler over my people Israel. Therefore came all the elders of Israel to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the Lord; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the Lord by Samuel.
And David and all Israel went to Jerusalem, which is Jebus; where the Jebusites were, the inhabitants of the land. And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come hither. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which is the city of David. And David said, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain. So Joab the son of Zeruiah
went first
and was chief. And David dwelt in the castle; therefore they called it the city of David. And he built the city round about, even from Millo round about: and Joab repaired the rest of the city. So David waxed greater and
greater: for the Lord of hosts was with him.
These also are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who strengthened themselves with him in his kingdom, and with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of the Lord concerning Israel. And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted
spear against three hundred slain by him at one time. And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighties. He was with David at Pas-dammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where was a parcel of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines. And they set themselves in the midst of that
that parcel, and delivered it, and slew the Philistines; and the Lord saved them by a great deliverance.
Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim. And David was then in the hold, and the Philistines'


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Q: Return a String instead of an Integer How can I solve this problem? (the text at the end "brah I've told...). The program want's that I give an int back, but I want to give a string back. How can I solve this problem? Because I've told it that it will be an int returned, but I want to have this failure message. Thank you very much guys!!
edit the problem exactly is, that the program won't compile because of
else return Console.WriteLine("brah I've told ya that I want more than 5");
Because my program wants a int, no string.
static void Main(string[] args)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Give me a number over 5 bro");
    int x = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

    int result = AddNumbers(x, 5);
    Console.WriteLine(result);

    Console.WriteLine("Press enter to close...");
    Console.ReadLine();
}

public static int AddNumbers(int number1, int number2)
{
    int result = number1 + number2;

    if (result > 10)
    {
        return result;
    }
    else return Console.WriteLine("brah I've told ya that I want more than 5");
}
}
}

A: You can only have one return type from a method; and all return statements must honor it. That return type can be an object, one way to return "multiple" things: How can I return multiple values from a function in C#?
So you can't write what you want; at least not directly. You can return an int, a string, or an object containing both.
Your current code is nonsense anyways; as Console.WriteLine returns void. You can't return void (as a value, you can as a return type of course).

A: so working within the compounds of how c# works as a programming language, you can't have a method signature returning an int and then return a string. Now, thinking about this from a logical perspective, this is an error. The user did not enter a number over 5, so throw an exception and catch it. Here is how you would do this.
static void Main(string[] args)
{
    int result = 0;
    Console.WriteLine("Give me a number over 5 bro");
    int x = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

    try{

       result = AddNumbers(x, 5);
       Console.WriteLine(result);

    }catch(Exception e)
    {
       Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
    }

    Console.WriteLine("Press enter to close...");
    Console.ReadLine();

}

public static int AddNumbers(int number1, int number2)
{
    int result = number1 + number2;

    if (result > 10)
    {
        return result;
    }
    else throw new Exception("brah I've told ya that I want more than 5");
}

A: A better way to achieve what you're trying to do overall would be to use an exception. Consider if we wrote AddNumbers as such:
public static int AddNumbers(int number1, int number2)
{
    int result = number1 + number2;
    if(result <= 10)
    {
        throw new Exception("Should be more than 10");
    }
    return result;
}

and our main logic as:
    try
    {
        int result = AddNumbers(3, 3);
    }catch(Exception e)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(e.Message); // must've been > 10
        return;
    }

The way that this works is, when AddNumbers encounters behavior that is not expected or allowable, it will throw an Exception. When we call AddNumbers, now, we must do it in a try-catch block in order to catch this Exception, if it gets thrown. This approach is cleaner and less convoluted than using a Tuple, which is essentially reinventing the wheel in this scenario.
So, if our numbers add to less than 10, AddNumbers will throw an exception, which is then caught in our main logic and logged to the console, printing "Should be more than 10".
Another option would be to simply change your main logic to be:
    int result = AddNumbers(x, 5);

    if(result > 10)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(result);
    }
    else
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You should have given me more than 5!");
    }

This has the advantage of being much simpler, but the disadvantage that we must remember to include this if statement every time we use AddNumbers. The Exception route is better design if we want to add more checks, for instance if you wanted to also require that the result be less than 30, divisible by 2, etc, you can just keep adding new thrown exceptions. However, if you only need to check if the result is greater than 10, it may be simpler overall to use this final option.

A: Just return a string
public static string AddNumbers(int number1, int number2)
{
    int result = number1 + number2;

    if (result > 10)
    {
        return result.ToString();
    }
    else
    {
        return "brah I've told ya that I want more than 5";
    }
}

A: Easiest and most logical way is to just keep the return type of AddNumbers method as integer as that makes sense, and either have a default return of 0 after writing to console like this:
   if (result > 10)
        {
            return result;
        }
        else
        {
        Console.WriteLine("brah I've told ya that I want more than 5");
        return 0;
        }

Or change return type to Int32? which allows you to return null by doing this:
public static Int32? AddNumbers(int number1, int number2)
    {
        int result = number1 + number2;
    if (result > 10)
    {
        return result;
    }
    else
    {
    Console.WriteLine("brah I've told ya that I want more than 5");
    return null;
    }
}

and don't forget variable type:
Int32? result = AddNumbers(x, 5);

Also make sure to check if result is 0 or null to change the resulting writeline message.
This wasn't in the question but you could keep asking user until they enter the right thing like this:
static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Int32? result = null;
        while (result is null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Give me a number over 5 bro");
            int x = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            Int32? result = AddNumbers(x, 5);
            if (result is null) continue;

            Console.WriteLine(result);
            Console.WriteLine("Press enter to close...");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

    }


text:
#ifndef SOLUCION_H
#define SOLUCION_H

#include "Problema.h"

class Solucion
{
    public:
        Solucion(); // Construye una solución vacía, con coste 0 y sin aristas
        Solucion(const Solucion & s); // Constructor de copia

        ~Solucion(); // Destructor

        Solucion & operator=(const Solucion & s); // Operador de asignación

        /*
            Devuelve los nodos origen y destino de la arista en la posición "a"
            de la solución, o origen=-1 y destino=-1 en caso de que no exista
        */
        void getArista(int a, int &origen, int &destino);

        double getCoste(); // Devuelve el coste de la solución

        /*
            Evalúa la solución actual en el problema "p". Como resultado, se modifica
            el coste de la solución actual. El coste será -1 si hay error al evaluar.
        */
        void Evaluar(Problema p);

        /*
            Modifica la solución actual añadiendo una arista <origen, destino>
            En caso de que la arista ya exista, no se inserta.
            En caso de que la arista <destino, origen> ya exista, no se inserta.
        */
        void addArista(int origen, int destino);

        int getNumAristas(); // Devuelve el número de aristas en la solución

    private:

        /*
          La solución es un vector de Num Aristas. Las Aristas se representarán en
          el vector "Aristas[0..1][0..Num-1]. Cada columna "i" de la matriz será una
          arista, donde la componente Arista[0][i] es el nodo origen, y la componente
          Arista[1][i] es el nodo destino.

          Cada nodo se representará con un valor entero, desde 0 hasta
          p.getNumPlazas()-1, donde "p" es un objeto de la clase "Problema". Dicho nodo
          se corresponderá con la plaza "p.getNombrePlaza ( Aristas[j][i] )"
        */
        int **Aristas;
        int Num; // Número de aristas en la solución

        double coste; // Coste de la solución
};

#endif // SOLUCION_H

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
East Bayites Up for Book Awards
Nominees have just been announced for the 29th Annual Northern California Book Awards, and works by East Bay authors figure prominently among them ... of course.
Nominees in the fiction category include Call Me Ahab: A Short Story Collection, by Oakland author and polio survivor Anne Finger, as well as The Vagrants, a scathing indictment of China's Cultural Revolution by multi-award-winning Oaklander Yiyun Li.
Nominees in the general nonfiction category include Out of Our Heads: Why You Are Not Your Brain, and Other Lessons from the Biology of Consciousness, whose coauthor Alva Noë is a biology professor at UC Berkeley. Another nominee in this category is Peruvian Rebel: The World of Magda Portal, with a Selection of Her Poems, by Berkeley's Kathleen Weaver.
In the creative nonfiction category, we see Farm City: The Education of an Urban Farmer, by Oakland's Novella Carpenter, and Manhood for Amateurs: The Pleasures and Regrets of a Husband, Father, and Son, by multilaureled Berkeley writer Michael Chabon.
Nominees in the poetry category include Oaklander Kim Addonizio's Lucifer at the Starlite and Kensingtonian Brenda Hillman's Practical Water.
Berkeley's Chana Bloch is nominated in the translation category for Hovering at a Low Altitude:Â The Collected Poetry of Dahlia Ravikovitch. Fellow Berkeleyite Susan Gal is nominated in the children's literature category for her beautifully illustrated Night Lights.
This year's Northern California Book Awards ceremony takes place on Sunday, April 18, from 1:00 to 2:30 pm at the Koret Auditorium at the San Francisco Public Library's Main Branch. — Anneli Rufus
Books Chana Bloch Michael Chabon Susan Gal Yiyun Li Anne Finger Northern California Book Awards


Jowls are the bulges of fat and lax skin that hang below the jawline on either side of the mouth. They tend to become more prominent with age because we lose volume from the lower face and everything falls forward and down. Mid face sag compounds the problem of lower face sag.
There are number of causes for Jowls, including bony loss from the jawline, fat loss from the mid and lower face, drooping of fat pads (especially around the mouth), and lax skin.
Addressing Jowls is complicated; it often requires treatment of both the lower face and the mid face. Dr. Jodie understands this complexity and deals with the cause of Jowls not just the end effect.
Dr. Jodie believes the best approach is to use Dermal Fillers to subtly revolumise all areas of the lower face from the ear to the chin where there is volume loss, taking care not to add to the bulge of the Jowl itself. This approach creates lift that smooths out the entire area and pulls back on the bulging Jowls.
Mid face sag should also be corrected using Dermal Fillers. This will minimise the amount of filler required to refresh your lower face and better balance the proportions of your face for a more natural look.
Early intervention is best. In cases where the Jowls have become more prominent, more invasive measures may be required. Dr. Jodie will work with you to consider all options and formulate a workable plan.


text:
Joseph Bruijning (geboren in Londen en overleden te Amsterdam in 1672) was een boekverkoper en koopman werkzaam te Amsterdam in de periode 1637-1672.

Leven en werk
Joseph Bruijning is in Londen geboren als de zoon van Edmund en Philippa Browning en had een zus die in 1602 geboren werd. De familie maakte deel uit van de bruinisten (of brownisten), een protestantse separatistische gemeenschap in Engeland die zich van de Anglicaanse kerk afscheidde en die aan het begin van de zeventiende eeuw onder andere naar Nederland uitweek. Joseph Bruijning trouwde in 1630 met Experience Johnson. In de aankondiging van hun ondertrouw wordt vermeld dat Experience, 22 jaar oud, in Amsterdam geboren was en dat haar ouders op dat moment niet meer in leven waren. Haar Engelse naam doet echter vermoeden dat ook haar familie uit Engeland afkomstig was en dat zij mogelijk ook deel uitmaakte van de gemeenschap van bruinisten. In 1650 overleed Experience, waarschijnlijk in het kraambed van het vijfde kind van het echtpaar. Vijf maanden later hertrouwde Bruijning met Mercy Pelham, geboren te Amsterdam. Joseph Bruijning overleed in 1672 en werd in de Nieuwe Kerk begraven, waar zijn vrouw Mercy in 1678 bijgezet zou worden. Vanaf 1637 huurde Joseph een winkelpand aan de noordkant van de Beurs in Amsterdam, waarschijnlijk voor zijn boekhandel of voor zijn andere bezigheden als koopman.  Op 22 februari 1639 trad Joseph Bruijning toe tot het gilde van boekverkopers. Na de dood van Joseph werden de activiteiten in de boekhandel voortgezet door zijn weduwe Mercy en zijn zoon Joseph Bruijning jr. Onder het imprint van zijn weduwe namen de activiteiten ineens aanzienlijk toe: de STCN benoemt slechts 5 titels uitgegeven door Joseph Bruijning tijdens zijn leven en 49 titels uitgegeven door zijn weduwe vanaf 1672.

Uitgegeven werken

Er is slechts een beperkt aantal titels bekend die door Bruijning gepubliceerd zouden zijn. Zijn fonds lijkt voornamelijk gericht op vertalingen van Engelstalige werken en pamfletten, die in sommige gevallen ook direct over de bruinisten gaan. Er is een opvallende lacune tussen 1646 en 1670 in de door Bruijning uitgegeven titels. Het is goed voor te stellen dat Bruijning zich voornamelijk op efemeer drukwerk richtte en er dus veel verloren is gegaan uit deze periode. Daarnaast is het niet bekend wat zijn andere werkzaamheden als koopman inhielden en is het mogelijk dat hij in die periode voornamelijk met ander koopwaar bezig was.
Bij de hieronder gepresenteerde lijst gaat het deels om titels die Bruijning zelf heeft gedrukt en deels om titels die door onbekende drukkers voor Bruijning gedrukt zijn en waarvoor hij slechts als boekverkoper optrad. Van Joseph Bruijning zijn de volgende uitgaven bekend:
[[File:BruijningPrintersMark.png|thumb|Drukkersmerk van Joseph Bruijning uit "By den coninck een proclamatie, verklarende sijn majesteyts genadighste ..."]]
1639
 De Afbeeldinge van [...] Charles [· .] Koning van Groot-Britannie [ ..] Met de Namen der Graven [.. ] ten dienste van S M. zynde [ ..] Alsmede een Catalogue van alle het volck te paerde [...] Met een lijste van sijn Maj. Schepen. The Pourtracture of the High [ ..] Monarch Charles [ . ] With the names of the Earles, Lords, Kmghts [...] with a Liste of his Maiesties Shippes [.. ] Sr. John Pennington being Admirall for this Expedition Anno 1639 [...] Joseph Bruyning te Amsterdam aen de Beurs in 't Serpent ende Duyf
By Den Coninck Een Proclamatie, verklarende syn Majesteyts genadighste wille, nopende eenighe Octroyen, Licenten ende Commissien op onwaerachtige aanbrenghen, verkreghen. Eerst tot London, by Robert Barker sijn Coninckl. Majest. Drucker, &c. Ende nu t'Amsterdam Gedruckt voor Joseph Bruyningh, Воeck verkooper aende Beurs int Serpent en de Duyve, 1639.
 Placaet Uytgegeven by syne Majesteyt van Groot-Brittanien, Carolus by der gratie Godts Coninck van Schotlandt, Engelandt, Vranckrijck ende Yrlandt, Beschermer des Geloofs &c. Eerst tot Yorck, Gedruckt by Robbert Jong syn Majesteyts Drucker voor Schotlandt Ende nu tot Amsterdam, by loseph Bruyningh, Boeckverkooper aende Beurs, inde Duyf ende Serpent. 1639.

1643
 Comptoir Almanach, ofte Journael, Op 't Jaer ons Heeren Jesu Christi duysent ses hondert drie-en-veertigh. Gecalculeert nае den Nieuwen ende Ouden Stijl, op den Meridiaen der Nederlande. Item, is hier achter by gevoegt 't loon en reysen der Boden: Als mede 't varen der Veer-schepen ende Schuyten. Mede 't ordinaris verlanghen ende verkorten van de Poort-klock. t'Amsterdam, by Broer Jansz. Voor Joseph Bruyningh, Boeck-verkooper op de hoeck van de Beurs, in 't Serpent ende Duyfjen. Anno 1643.
1646
 Propositien Van De Heeren ende Gemeente vergadert In 't Parlement Om een vast en wel gefondeerde Vrede: Gesonden Aen Sijne Majest. tot Nieu-Casteel, Door de wel Edele Den Grave van Pembroeck ende Montgommery, ende den Grave van Suffolck. Als Ledenen van 't Huys der Pairs, Ende Sir Walter Earle, Sir lohn Hipslie Ridders. Robert Goedwin ende Lucas Robinson SchiltHeeren. Als Ledenen van 't Huys der Gemeente. Die Mercury 15/25 luly 1646. Op huyden is by de Heeren van 't Opper-Huys des Parlements gelast dat den Drucker van desen Huyse, datelijck in druck sal uytgeven de Propositien, gesonden aen Sijne Majesteyt tot Nu-Casteel, om een vaste ende wel gefondeerde Vrede: Ende dat niemandt anders sich vervordere de selve na te drucken, ofte herdrucken in geenderley manieren, op haer pericule. loh. Brown Cler. Parliamentorum. t'Amsteldam, ghedruckt voor loseph Bruyningh, na de Copye tot Londen, door lohn Wright.
1670
 Belijdenisse des Geloofs, ofte verantwoordinghe van soodanighe Christenen, welcke doorgaens (doch t'onrecht) Brouwnisten genoemt worden. Tegens d'aantijgingen [...] van d'opperhoofden en leeraren in de Hooge School van Oxfort [...] Amsterdam, gedruckt by Gabr. Hendricksz. voor F.P. en zijn te koop by Joseph Bruyningh, 1670.

 Literatuur
 Eeghen, I. H. van. 1965. De Amsterdamse boekhandel 1680 - 1725. Deel 3. Gegevens over de vervaardigers, hun internationale relaties en de uitgaven van A-M. Amsterdam.
 Hoftijzer, P. G. 1987.  Engelse boekverkopers bij de beurs. De geschiedenis van de Amsterdamse boekhandels Bruyning en Swart, 1637 - 1724. Amsterdam.
 Kleerkoper, M. M. 1914. De boekhandel te Amsterdam voornamelijk in de 17e eeuw. Biographische en geschiedkundige Aanteekeningen.'' Den Haag.

Boekbinder

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Statements/
Statement by H.E. Prof. Fernando Araújo, Secretary of State Assistant and of Health, at the Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly on the World Drug Problem
New York, 20 April 2016
Esteemed delegates,
I would like to stress that Portugal associates itself with the statement made by the European Union.
Allow me also to express our appreciation for the adoption of the UNGASS outcome document, which constitutes a step forward in the debate on addressing the world drug problem and provides a solid input towards the target date of 2019 and beyond.
Portugal considers that one of the major achievements of this UNGASS process was the recognition of the need to rebalance drug policies towards a human rights and public health based approach. The Portuguese approach on drugs has been considered a model of best practices, due to the fact that we recognize drug use as a health issue and drug dependence as a chronic and treatable multi-factorial health disorder which needs to be treated and not punished.
In Portugal, decriminalisation created a legal framework for implementing policies to reduce the harm caused by drug consumption and to refer drug users to the most suitable responses. Even if drug users are not in a position to quit using drugs, we consider that they still deserve the investment from the State in order to improve their health and social condition.
Decriminalisation is, therefore, a part of a comprehensive drug demand reduction approach that includes prevention, treatment, harm reduction and social reintegration. The implementation of evidence based harm reduction measures is considered to be a key factor of our policy, as they protect not only drug users but society as a whole, improving health and wellbeing of drug users and their families.
Therefore, the focus on a risk and harm reduction approach is a key principle for which Portugal stands for, as such measures have proven its effectiveness and should be further promoted and implemented.
Mr. President, Portugal reiterates its commitment to the three international drug control conventions, which in our view have sufficient scope and flexibility for States to design and implement drug policies according to national priorities and specificities, based on solid scientific evidence and on the respect for human rights.
Indeed, the INCB Chair stated on several occasions that the Conventions do not require the criminalisation of drug use and that the Portuguese model of decriminalisation is in line with the Conventions. Portugal firmly believes that our efforts in addressing the world drug problem must incorporate a human rights perspective. In this regard, we deeply regret that the outcome document does not address the abolition of death penalty. I would like to underline Portugal's unrelenting opposition to the death penalty in all circumstances, including for drug-related offences. We therefore call on all countries that retain the capital punishment to establish an immediate official moratorium, with a view to its permanent abolition.
In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, Portugal strongly believes that the international community must pursue its efforts to address all aspects of the drug problem and I would like to assure you that my country will continue to contribute actively in this endeavor.


San Francisco does not get thunderstorms very often. I honestly have no idea why that is, but in the six-ish years that I've lived in Bay Area I remember just a handful of times I've seen lightning. Well, this one was one to remember! I could see the storm passing by just south of San Bruno mountains and the lightning show was awesome!
This entry was posted in Cityscape, Nature.


1. What is SAP Education?
2. What is SAP consultant Education?
Consultant certification –Certification helps SAP customers identify and select qualified consultants. Certification is often the end result of participating in an SAP academy, but can also be achieved through alternative learning paths.
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The SAP Solutions Academy is the most comprehensive and cost effective training offered for all SAP R/3 and mySAP.com products. Regardless of whether you have an exposure to SAP or not, the Academy offers courses that help to develop and enhance your skills. The Academy delivers a hands-on classroom environment followed by an intensive case study to discuss implementation requirements of R/3 Systems. The Academy ends with a certification where your acquired skills of SAP are tested and evaluated by SAP, which is a benchmark to enter the SAP industry.
4.What are the prerequisites to pursue an SAP module?
To take any Functional module, you need to have a minimum of 2-3 years of industrial experience in the relevant business function. To take the technical module of SAP you need to be strong in programming concepts. Generally recommended to people with minimum 1-2 years of technical experience. A candidate should also possess professional qualifications like BE/ B.Tech / MBA/CA or equivalent credentials.
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The Application Academy/Technical Academy is the best option for those who wish to gain knowledge and become a Certified Consultant in SAP. We recommend you: – Application Academy 2003 OR Technical Academy.
9.	Does SAP provide placements after successful completion of training?
SAP does not guarantee placements but SAP and its education partners inform candidates about the opportunities available in companies who have a requirement for SAP certified consultants.
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11.What is the mode of payment?
The payment can be made by Demand drafts / Local Cheques / Wire Transfer / Online Payment.
Those who will need bank loans (applicable for local students) will be provided a loan requisition letter to be submitted to the bank supporting your loan application.
Uploading your profile in SAP System.
Receiving your registration details to start with the course.
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14.Can I only pursue the certification examination?
There are two ways for getting SAP certification: By undergoing the full 5-weeks training at any of the Authorized Education Partners of SAP; OR Should have at least 2 implementations experience, were the Company authenticates and sponsors the candidate. The Company, which is sponsoring the candidate, needs to be a SAP Partner.
15.What is the format of the examination?
The certification exam for core modules consists of 80 questions, which lasts for 3 hours. The no. of questions/duration may vary for advanced area. The questions are objective in nature. These examinations are version specific and reflect the actual tasks of an SAP consultant. The exams are standardized worldwide and carried out under the supervision of SAP. Delphi provides its special certification guidance before you appear for these examinations. You also sample question papers to get an idea about the exams.
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17.Why SAP Training & Certification at Delphi Computech?
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In addition, Delphi also takes care of the purpose behind this decision of yours. Yes, the SAP jobs. Delphi is proud to announce the success of its placement division which has placed its students, having completed the SAP training course and certification, in India's top MNCs like, Wipro, IBM, TCS, SAP Labs, Patni, WNS, Cognixant and many more. Delphi has its unique support system for its students to complete their training & certification & get the most desired, SAP jobs.
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The SAP solution academy offers partners, customers, and independent consultants comprehensive training in SAP solutions and best business practices that can lead to certification as an SAP consultant. SAP provides internationally recognized training that will help you build your client base and boost competitiveness.
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SAP does not recognize trainings undertaken at any institute other than SAP Education Partners. Certification is not available to such candidates. Training centres which are not authorised by SAP, which are not SAP Partners are illegal centres and are subject to legal action. The training imparted at such centres is also not recognised by companies.
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SAP has listed its authorised training centres in its website. You can follow this url for getting more information: http://www.sap.com/asia/services/education/centres/partners.epx Delphi Computech has its authorised training centres at Pune, Mumbai. Delphi is the first elearning centre of SAP in India. It is also the owner of the prestigious award of "Best eLearning Centre" of SAP India.
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The exam tests the knowledge required by a junior consultant to work as a productive member of project team under the supervision of an experienced SAP consultant. The certificate shows that the consultant has sound knowledge of the SAP system in the area in which he/she has been tested.
23.What is the objective of the examination?
Explain and implement various core business processes and functions.
Describe the technological requirements SAP system. The certificate can be updated with further training and delta tests when new releases become available.
24.How will I know if I have passed?
The result will be displayed in your screen after completion of the test. The candidates need to score 70% to clear the certification. You will be able to register and re-appear the exam one month after your first attempt in case of any failures. You will receive the certificate from SAP AG in Germany within 4 to 6 weeks by post upon successfully clearing the test. An Attendance Certificate/ Course Completion Certificate will be provided on the last day of the training.
25.Can I retake the exam?
A maximum of three exam attempts is permitted – with each attempt exam fees will be incurred as applicable.
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text:
Canceling the cancel culture
Garry Kasparov, 8 October 2020
Garry Kasparov discusses the chilling effect on free speech that can arise as a result of so-called "cancel culture"
In a recent episode of my "Garry on Lockdown" video series, I discussed the rise of "cancel culture" with the author and critic Thomas Chatterton Williams.
Right at the start, I should point out that he doesn't find the term "cancel culture" to be very useful, as it's often used in bad faith and means different things to different people. But for my purposes, I use it to refer to the trend of publicly seeking reprisals against those whose statements offend ideological or other sensibilities.
Our virtual paths crossed for the first time earlier this year, when I was invited to sign an open letter "On Justice and Open Debate", published in Harper's Magazine, a letter that Williams had co-authored. At the time, it seemed like an easy choice to sign. Who wouldn't want to speak out against the chilling effect on free speech that can arise when people are afraid for their jobs and their reputations for speaking about certain topics? When ideological groups form online mobs to condemn the impure for their opinions?
This isn't merely a matter of disagreement, or refuting incorrect assertions or censoring offensive statements. It's about the nature of the response, and the intended effect of the response. The distinction was made quite well by Jonathan Rauch at the Persuasion website last month. He summarized it thusly: "Criticism marshals evidence and arguments in a rational effort to persuade. Canceling, by contrast, seeks to organize and manipulate the social or media environment in order to isolate, deplatform or intimidate ideological opponents."
Now, after months of incendiary controversy over the letter, and even more over the signatories themselves, I'm even more sure that I was correct to sign, and that the problem the letter described is not only very real, but even worse than the authors assessed. The primary mode of response was just what the letter warned about: attacking the signatories, not the ideas described in the letter—which, again, seemed fairly innocuous and obvious.
Famous scholars and authors who signed were bashed online, with calls made for their institutions and publishers to castigate them. Strangely, many accused the letter writers and signatories of trying to defend themselves from criticism, to secure their positions against the new wave of social justice and equality that would push out old voices for new. But most of the signatories, myself included, are exactly the sort of people who don't have much to worry about! We're already well-known, with large platforms and security, and so don't have to worry much about losing our jobs or risking our status as contributors or job-seekers.
Quite the opposite, I thought one of the main points of signing the letter was to use my secure status to help others without that security by speaking out in defense of everyone's ability to share ideas without fear of reprisal. Free speech is more than just saying what you want, it's what happens afterward. As I said in the Lockdown video, the old USSR joke went that both the USA and the USSR had free speech. But only the USA also had freedom after speech!
That's another important distinction: This isn't the crushing of free speech I grew up with in the Soviet Union, or the dictatorship methods of disinformation and state control in modern authoritarian regimes today. It's driven by the people, empowered by righteous anger and technology in an environment of hyper-partisanship and ideological extremism. It's not censorship, a term and practice I'm all too familiar with personally, but it is very bad for the free flow of ideas and for democracy and prosperity, which depend on that flow.
Williams talked about "the onlooker effect," when people see that someone who made a contrary statement is attacked and self-censor out of fear. How can bad ideas be refuted in such an environment? How can we achieve a more just society via intolerance? As Williams said, we need "the maximal freedom to offend," not keeping a lid on it until it boils over or explodes in our faces.
Mr. Williams was quick to point out the role technology has had on this trend, one that I've often discussed here in my Avast blog column. The ability to tie many small social media megaphones together into a massive and influential broadcast is still new. That everyone can reply instantly, monitor everyone's every word and deed with camera phones, it's a surveillance state without the state.
"We're in an unprecedented mass experiment," is how Williams memorably put it. We're making up the rules on the fly, with tech companies in the middle between government regulation and the Wild West of social media mobs. We don't want Google and Facebook and Twitter to decide who gets to say what, so we need to push back on our own.
This was an important final takeaway from my guest, who emphasized that it's vital for people to speak out in defense of those who targeted for unjust retaliation, not merely stay silent. A CEO or university president being bombarded with calls to fire someone for saying something offensive or unfashionable might be dissuaded if there is also a public current defending the target's right to speak their mind.
This doesn't necessarily mean defending the views themselves, which may be against your own, or even be genuinely offensive. It's the principle, one that loses all meaning if it's not applied equally. As George Orwell wrote in the unpublished preface to Animal Farm, "If liberty means anything at all, it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear."
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Upgrading the software of democracy
From artificial intelligence to media and news, to polling and elections, there are possibilities for using new tools to solve the challenges we face today.


Here is the detailed information on castor oil nutrition facts.
Castor oil has been known to induce early labor, so it is not advisable for pregnant women to consume it. It may interact with other medications, so you need to consult your doctor before using castor oil.


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Home » » Senawang, Negeri, Land Buy Good For AEON
Senawang, Negeri, Land Buy Good For AEON
HONG Leong Investment Bank (HLIB) is positive on AEON Co (M) Bhd's recent land acquisition in Negri Sembilan, saying that it will provide the retail company with additional rental and retail income.
HLIB described the 8.4ha land's cost of RM53.6 million as fairly reasonable, given its location in a prime commercial belt, in the heart of the town centre of Senawang, with good road accessibility.
"We believe the land transaction of RM59 per sq ft is fairly reasonable," it said in a research note yesterday, adding that AEON's property management division has been the key driver for its earnings.
AEON has planned for the development of a shopping centre with car parks and department stores-cum-supermarket on the acquired land.
HLIB said this will strengthen the company's foothold in the state, in which it has only one shopping centre to date.
"The acquisition is also in line with AEON's expansion strategy to build more AEON stores and solidify its presence in Malaysia," HLIB added.
"We estimate that capital expenditure would be on a high side of between RM500 million and RM600 million for financial years 2014-2015," it said.
HLIB has reiterated its "hold" call on AEON, with an unchanged target price of RM3.42 pegged to 21.9 times price-earnings 2015 earnings per share of 15.6 sen.
"We like AEON for its diversified and unique business model. However, taking into account the presence of short-term macro headwinds and weaker consumer sentiment and spending.
"This includes weakening of consumer sentiment and spending post Goods and Services Tax implementation, threat of intensifying competition, slower-than-expected expansion plan and higher-than-expected new store expenses," it said.
Based on the historical trend, HLIB expects the new store to commence operation as an AEON retail outlet by 2016-2018. With a land size of 909,500 sq ft, it estimates that the net lettable area could range from 550,000 to 600,000 sq ft.
-- NST


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Kenyenya, Kisii County, Kenya / Food
Sarah's loan finished fundraising,
A loan helped to buy cereals (lentils, cow peas, rice and maize) to sell in her village market.
Sarah's story
Juhudi Kilimo's partnership with Kiva has helped transform the lives of thousands of small holder farmers and micro entrepreneurs in Kenya.
Sarah (pictured above) feels happy to be part of this great partnership. Sarah has always supported her children just like any caring mother would do. Her aim is to aid them in their studies so that they can change their present and build a prosperous future. Despite personal challenges and her passion for supporting her family as the primary caregiver, Sarah is also a role model, a mentor and an inspiration to many mother farmers in her village due to her resilience.
For the past few years, Sarah has been involved in mixed farming. Her primary sources of income have been growing maize and keeping dairy cows. She has been able to provide nutritious food for her family.
Sarah is requesting a loan to buy cereals (lentils, cow peas, rice and maize) to sell at the market in her village. Her remote village has a ready market for cereals but lacks a sufficient supply of cereals. With this loan, she will be able to sell cereals and meet the local demand.
Kindly and humbly lend to this mother this 2019.


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A Guerra Russo-Georgiana (também conhecida como Guerra na Ossétia do Sul em 2008, Guerra dos Cinco Dias ou Guerra de Agosto) foi um conflito armado ocorrido em agosto de 2008 entre a Geórgia de um lado, e a Rússia e os separatistas da Ossétia do Sul e da Abecásia, do outro.

A Guerra da Ossétia do Sul de 1991-1992 entre georgianos e ossetas havia deixado um pouco mais da metade da Ossétia do Sul sob o controle de facto de um governo apoiado pela Rússia não reconhecido internacionalmente. A maior parte dos georgianos da Ossétia do Sul permaneceram sob o controle da Geórgia (distrito de Akhalgori, e a maioria das aldeias vizinhas a Tskhinvali), com uma força de paz conjunta da Geórgia, da Ossétia do Norte e da Rússia presente nos territórios. Uma situação similar existia na Abecásia após a Guerra na Abecásia de 1992-1993.

As tensões escalaram durante os meses de verão de 2008. Bombardeios por separatistas ossetas contra aldeias georgianas começaram logo em 1 de agosto, atraindo uma resposta pontual das forças de paz da Geórgia e de outros combatentes já existentes na região. A Geórgia lançou uma ofensiva militar de grande escala contra a Ossétia do Sul durante a noite de 7 para 8 de agosto, em uma tentativa de recuperar o território; declarando que estava respondendo aos ataques contra suas forças de paz e aldeias da Ossétia do Sul, e que a Rússia estava movendo unidades não pertencentes à manutenção da paz para o país. A Geórgia capturou com sucesso a maior parte de Tskhinvali em poucas horas. A Rússia reagiu, com a implantação de unidades do 58ª Exército Russo e das Tropas Aerotransportadas na Ossétia do Sul um dia depois, e lançou ataques aéreos contra as forças georgianas na Ossétia do Sul e em alvos militares e logísticos na Geórgia. A Rússia reivindicou que estas ações foram uma intervenção humanitária necessária a imposição da paz.

As forças russas e ossetas lutaram contra as tropas georgianas na Ossétia do Sul ao longo de quatro dias; os combates mais pesados ocorreram em Tskhinvali. Em 9 de agosto, as forças navais russas supostamente bloquearam uma parte da costa da Geórgia e desembarcaram fuzileiros navais na costa da Abecásia. A marinha georgiana tentou intervir, mas foi derrotada em uma batalha naval. As forças russas e abecases e abriram uma segunda frente, atacando o Vale de Kodori, mantido pela Geórgia. As forças georgianas colocaram apenas uma resistência mínima, e as forças russas invadiram posteriormente bases militares na Geórgia ocidental. Após cinco dias de intensos combates na Ossétia do Sul, as forças georgianas recuaram, permitindo que os russos entrassem no território incontestado da Geórgia e, temporariamente, ocupam as cidades de Poti, Gori, Senaki e Zugdidi.

Através da mediação pela presidência francesa da União Europeia, as partes chegaram a um acordo preliminar de cessar-fogo em 12 de agosto, assinado pela Geórgia em 15 de agosto, em Tbilisi e pela Rússia em 16 de agosto, em Moscou. Várias semanas após a assinatura do acordo de cessar-fogo, a Rússia começou a retirar a maioria de suas tropas do território incontestado da Geórgia. No entanto, as autoridades ocidentais insistem que as tropas não retornaram para a linha onde estavam estacionadas antes do início das hostilidades, conforme descrito no plano de paz. As forças russas permanecem estacionadas na Abecásia e na Ossétia do Sul no âmbito de acordos bilaterais com os governos correspondentes.

Antecedentes

A República Socialista da Geórgia declarou sua independência da União Soviética em 1991 quando esta estava se dissolvendo. Em meio a este pano de fundo, uma guerra estourou entre a Geórgia e zonas controladas por separatistas no antigo Oblast Autônomo da Ossétia do Sul. Esse oblast não era de facto reconhecido pela comunidade internacional como independente, mas eram apoiados pela Rússia. Após este conflito, uma força de paz conjunta feito pela Geórgia, Rússia e Ossétia foi mantida no território. Uma situação similar aconteceu na Abecásia, onde os separatistas abecásios travaram uma guerra entre 1992 e 1993. Após a eleição de Vladimir Putin na Rússia em 2000 e uma mudança de poder na Geórgia por um líder pró-Ocidente em 2003, a relação entre russos e georgianos começou a se deteriorar, levando a uma crise diplomática em abril de 2008, com a Rússia anunciando que removia todas as sanções econômicas impostas à Abecásia em 1996 e estabeleceu relações diretas com as autoridades separatistas na Abecásia e na Ossétia do Sul.

Em 1 de agosto de 2008, separatistas ossetas do sul começaram a bombardear vilas georgianas, instigando respostas esporádicas pelas autoridades de Tiblíssi. Ataques de artilharia de separatistas pró-Rússia romperam o acordo de cessar-fogo de 1992, que estipulava que este tipo de armamento não podia ser implantado na zona de conflito. Quando o presidente georgiano Mikheil Saakashvili anunciou um cessar-fogo unilateral na noite de 7 de agosto de 2008, uma nova onda de ataques da Ossétia do Sul a aldeias da Geórgia seguiu-se. Isso levou o governo georgiano a declarar uma operação militar para "restaurar a ordem constitucional" e então o exército georgiano avançou sobre as zonas de conflito na Ossétia do Sul antes da meia noite de 7 de agosto, numa ação que precipitou o conflito. Os soldados da Geórgia focaram seus avanços contra Tskhinvali, uma fortaleza separatista, tomando-a em questão de horas.

Reações internacionais
O Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas, convocado urgentemente pela Rússia, não conseguiu chegar a nenhuma declaração.

Os Estados Unidos e a União Europeia, entre outros, pediam uma solução pacífica.

A Rússia justificou o envio de blindados sob a alegação de que pretendia defender as populações e cidadãos russos da Ossétia do Sul, havendo registros de, pelo menos, 10 mortos e 30 feridos do lado russo. A Rússia acusou mesmo as forças de paz das tropas georgianas de atacarem companheiros russos.

No dia 9 de agosto de 2008, o Conselho de Segurança da ONU não chegou a acordo para tomar uma decisão. Os Estados Unidos afirmaram em 10 de Agosto que se a Rússia prosseguir a ofensiva na Geórgia, as relações entre os dois países poderão ser afetadas. Os Estados Unidos afirmaram ainda que iriam propor uma resolução ao Conselho de Segurança para condenar a ofensiva russa, segundo Richard Grenell, porta-voz da delegação dos EUA na ONU.

A guerra

Luta em Tskhinvali

No dia 7 de agosto de 2008, militares georgianos lançaram um pesado bombardeio terrestre contra a Ossétia. No dia seguinte, a Geórgia lançou uma grande ofensiva militar. Entre 10 000 e 11 000 soldados georgianos se concentraram para a investida. Os ataques georgianos focaram a região ao redor de Tskhinvali, a capital da Ossétia do Sul. A ofensiva em si contra a cidade não foi tão bem sucedida, com tropas da Geórgia sendo repelidas perto do vilarejo de Kvaysa. Homens da 3ª Brigada de infantaria então investiram contra a área de Eredvi e tomaram várias posições chave. Conforme os georgianos iam avançando, a resistência de milícias ossetas aumentava. Tanques, blindados (como o Otokar Cobra) e aviões (como o Sukhoi Su-25) georgianos bombardeavam posições inimigas além de Tskhinvali, investindo contra essa estratégica região. Encabeçados pelas forças especiais, o exército da Geórgia invadiu a cidade e encontraram feroz resistência. O intenso combate e o bombardeio deixou a área em ruínas. Uma base de civis russos na região foi atacada também e pelo menos 10 deles foram mortos. Em resposta, o governo de Moscou enviou várias tropas para a fronteira. Autoridades russas afirmaram inicialmente que pelo menos 2 000 pessoas foram mortas em Tskhinvali durante a luta, porém o número seria mais tarde revisado para baixo, com apenas 162 mortes confirmadas.

A 8 de agosto, aeronaves russas iniciaram um bombardeio contra tropas georgianas, mas suspenderam suas missões depois que começaram a sofrer perdas devido ao fogo antiaéreo. As 10h da manhã, as tropas da Geórgia alcançaram o centro de Tskhinvali. Contudo, tiveram de recuar logo depois, devido a intensa barragem de artilharia russa e também por seus aviões. Os militares georgianos então foram forçados a deter seu avanço e começaram a sofrer baixas, especialmente por causa das aeronaves da Rússia.

Na virada do dia 8 para 9 de agosto, tropas russas lançaram sua primeira grande ofensiva da guerra, passando pelo túnel de Roki e pelas montanhas. Os russos sofreram muito com falta de organização e não conseguiram unir suas forças iniciais sob um único propósito. A luta em Tskhinvali reascendeu com combates entre tropas terrestres russas e georgianas. Os soldados russos não conseguiram avançar devido a resistência enfrentada, porém os georgianos tiveram de recuar. O tenente-general Anatoly Khrulyov levou então seus combatentes para frente, com o propósito de tomar a cidade, mas foram emboscados por forças especiais da Geórgia e sofreram muitas baixas. O próprio general foi ferido na perna. As tropas georgianas recomeçaram suas ofensivas, avançando por Tskhinvali, empurrando as forças inimigas para trás, mas sofrendo muitas baixas no processo. No dia 10, contudo, reforços russos, apoiados por milicianos ossetas, contra-atacaram, forçando o recuo dos georgianos. No dia seguinte, quase todas as tropas da Geórgia haviam recuado da Ossétia. Eles, contudo, tentaram se reagrupar e investiram contra a cidade mais três vezes, porém as brigadas russas conseguiram repelir os ataques, especialmente devido ao seu vasto poder aéreo.

A batalha por Tskhinvali durou três dias e três noites, e custou centenas de vidas. Apesar dos russos terem repelido os ataques georgianos, as perdas sofridas impediu que a vitória fosse completa. Dias depois, forças russas avançaram para a Geórgia. Os georgianos recuaram da Ossétia e se reagruparam nos arredores de Gori.

Ocupação de Gori

A cidade de Gori fica próxima a fronteira da Ossétia e a 25 km de Tskhinvali. O exército georgiano utilizava a região como base para sua incursão no território osseta e por isso foi bombardeado incessantemente pela força aérea russa. As bases militares em Gori foram atingidas pela primeira vez a 9 de agosto. O governo georgiano afirmou que pelo menos 60 civis morreram nos ataques. Nos dias seguintes, milhares de civis começaram a deixar a região. A 12 de agosto, foi confirmado que colunas de soldados russos iniciaram uma marcha contra Gori. Autoridades da Geórgia ordenaram que suas tropas recuassem para defender a capital do país, Tbilisi. Aviões russos bombardearam o distrito central de Gori, matando um jornalista holandês e ferindo vários outros repórteres estrangeiros. Até mesmo um hospital militar georgiano (que tinha uma bandeira da Cruz Vermelha) foi bombardeado.

Em 13 de agosto, após rejeitar um pedido de cessar-fogo de autoridades georgianas, as forças russas ocuparam Gori. No dia seguinte, o comandante das tropas russas afirmou que seu exército controlava toda a região. Os soldados russos então começaram a pilhar as bases militares abandonadas pelos georgianos para pegar qualquer equipamento deixado para atrás. Após negar ajuda ajuda humanitária para os civis em Gori, o governo russo permitiu a entrada de mantimentos para os necessitados.

A 22 de agosto, as forças russas se retiraram de Gori. Policiais e militares georgianos reentraram na cidade no dia seguinte.

Expansão dos combates

A luta acabou não se restringindo a Ossétia do Sul, se expandindo para a região da Abecásia. Combates navais na área foram reportados entre embarcações da Geórgia e da Frota do Mar Negro russa teriam terminado com um navio georgiano afundado. A 11 de agosto, tropas de paraquedistas russas lançaram-se no território abecásio, alcançando Senaki e cercaram a cidade de Poti.

Os combates na região então se intensificaram, com as forças georgianas na área sendo bombardeadas pelo ar. A 9 de agosto, milicianos abecásios e soldados russos iniciaram então uma ofensiva contra o vale de Kodori, que era controlado pela Geórgia desde o começo da década de 1990. Três dias depois, os soldados georgianos começaram a deixar a região. As baixas durante esta batalha foram pequenas para ambos os lados.

Ocupação de Poti
Enquanto o avanço russo na Ossétia do Sul e na Abecásia ia relativamente bem, Moscou resolveu intensificar suas incursões na costa da Geórgia. Navios de guerra russos avançaram para confrontar a marinha georgiana no mar negro, convergindo sobre a estratégica cidade de Poti, em 10 de agosto de 2008. No dia seguinte, autoridades confirmaram que tropas terrestres russas haviam entrado no município. A 13 de agosto, militares russos já ocupavam a cidade e teriam afundado manualmente seis embarcações da Geórgia. No dia 19, foi reportado que os russos haviam capturado 21 soldados georgianos e cinco veículos Humvee, e então os levou até Senaki, numa base militar capturada. Naquele momento, estava claro que a guerra não caminhava bem para a Geórgia e sua economia já começava a sentir os reflexos do conflito.

Bombardeio de Tbilisi

Desde o início da guerra, a cidade de Tbilisi (capital da Geórgia) e seus arredores foram bombardeados pela força aérea da Rússia. Em 8 de agosto, o ministério do interior georgiano reportou que caças russos haviam bombardeado a base aérea de de Vaziani, próximo da capital. Outra base militar georgiana foi bombardeada em Marneuli, matando três civis. O centro de Tbilisi também foi atingido, assim como o aeroporto internacional de cidade. A importante fábrica de construção de equipamentos militares de JSC Tbilaviamsheni foi bombardeada duas vezes e uma estação de radar perto da cidade também foi atingida no dia seguinte.

Negociações e retirada russa
Em 8 de agosto, no começo do conflito, a União Europeia e os Estados Unidos expressaram apoio para que uma delegação conjunta negociasse um cessar-fogo. Três dias depois, uma tentativa de firmar uma resolução no Conselho de Segurança da ONU falhou. A Rússia negava qualquer possibilidade de paz até que a Geórgia retirasse suas tropas da Ossétia do Sul e renunciasse o uso da força para manter a região sob seu controle. Em 12 de agosto, o governo russo aprovou um plano de paz de seis pontos firmado com autoridades europeias. A Geórgia endossou o acordo e o cessar-fogo, encerrando (ao menos no papel) a guerra.

Em 17 de agosto, após ter conquistado seus objetivos, o presidente Medvedev anunciou a retirada das forças russas para o dia seguinte. Começou então as trocas de prisioneiros. Ao anoitecer do dia 22 de agosto, boa parte das tropas russas já havia recuado; contudo, postos de controle continuavam em Gori e na região próxima a Abecásia e a Ossétia. Outros dois postos continuavam operando em Poti. Militares da Rússia se retiraram de Igoeti em 23 de agosto e então a polícia georgiana adentrou em Gori. Em 13 de setembro, soldados russos aceleraram a sua retirada do oeste da Geórgia. Seus postos de controle em Poti, Senaki e Khobi também foram abandonados. A 9 de outubro, foi a vez dos militares se retiraram das zonas de ocupação na Abecásia e na Ossétia do Sul, com seu controle passando para observadores da ONU. Em dezembro, a retirada em Perevi continuou. Um contingente de 500 soldados russos reocupariam a região logo depois, ameaçando escalar a violência na área novamente. Contudo, a 18 de outubro de 2010, as forças russas evacuaram boa parte da Ossétia do Sul, e os militares georgianos reassumiram suas oposições.

Em 9 de setembro 2008, foi anunciado que tropas russas permaneceriam ocupando alguns pontos estratégicos da Ossétia. Segundo o então ministro das relações exteriores russo, Sergey Lavrov, a presença militar do seu país na Abecásia e na Ossétia do Sul era necessária para impedir que a Geórgia voltasse a reivindicar a área. Em novembro, fora estimado que havia pelo menos 3 700 militares russos na região. Em agosto de 2010, a Rússia deslocou baterias de mísseis S-300 pela Abecásia, e outros sistemas de defesa aéreo foram movidas para a Ossétia do Sul. Segundo autoridades britânicas, isso seria uma violação do acordo multilateral de paz.

A Geórgia oficialmente considera a Ossétia do Sul e a Abecásia como "territórios ocupados" militarmente pela Rússia. Em 2010, a Lituânia se tornou o primeiro país europeu a reconhecer a ocupação da região. Em 2014, com a escalada da tensão entre a Ucrânia e a Rússia, o então Secretário de Estado americano, John Kerry, afirmou que a contínua presença militar russa no norte da Geórgia era uma violação do cessar-fogo.

A Rússia em 26 de agosto de 2008 decide formalmente reconhecer a independência das duas regiões separatistas (Ossétia do Sul e Abecásia), causando forte desgaste diplomático principalmente com o Ocidente. Em represália a isso, a Geórgia rompeu relações diplomáticas com Moscou, fazendo com que a situação piorasse ainda mais no conflito entre os dois países.

Análises

Políticas
Esta guerra acabou por deteriorar as relações da Rússia com o Ocidente, de uma forma não vista desde o fim da guerra fria quase duas décadas antes. Eventos posteriores, em relação a Síria e a Ucrânia escalariam as dificuldades e a tensão diplomática.

Militares

Geórgia
Análises feitas por especialistas russos afirmam que, desde antes da crise começar, a Geórgia já planejava uma incursão militar na Ossétia, mobilizando tropas, tanques e reservistas. O plano, segundo especialistas americanos, não foi tão bem executado. Havia pouca comunicação entre as unidades militares georgianas e o governo subestimou a resistência das milícias locais. Porém, o fato mais importante era que a Geórgia não esperava uma reação militar russa em larga escala e por isso não se prepararam.

Especialistas, tanto russos quanto ocidentais, ao mesmo tempo que reconheceram o mal preparo das forças georgianas, elogiaram sua capacidade de defesa anti-aérea. Seus sistemas de interceptação (como os lançadores de mísseis 9K37 Buk e Tor) conseguiram derrubar várias aeronaves russas, como os jatos Tu-22 e Su-25. Analistas militares também apontaram que os soldados da Geórgia tinham "vontade", mas faltava-lhes equipamentos decentes. Seus oficiais eram bem capacitados, mas com pouca ou nenhuma experiência (os melhores soldados georgianos estavam em serviço no Afeganistão). A resposta do governo do presidente Saakashvili também foi considerada fraca.

Rússia

Segundo especialistas, o Centro de Comando e controle e Inteligência das forças russas não fizeram um bom trabalho durante a guerra. A falta de comunicação e equipamentos obsoletos atrapalharam seu desempenho. A maioria das melhores unidades militares russas estavam na fronteira com a Europa, com as demais tropas não recebendo prioridade na reposição de material. Aviões não tripulados acabaram sendo pouco ou nada utilizados, fazendo que o reconhecimento do terreno fosse feito por aeronaves comuns. Com a resistência anti-aérea georgiana sendo mais forte que a antecipada, isso acabou debilitando um pouco a capacidade russa de reagir a adversidades imprevistas. Segundo o analista Konstantin Makienko, foi totalmente inesperada a incapacidade da poderosa força aérea russa de estabelecer superioridade aérea durante a guerra.

Os problemas de comunicação também geraram fogo amigo, com unidades russas em terra não conseguindo identificar os próprios aviões no céu e abrindo fogo contra eles. Havia confusão e dificuldades de interação entre o comando do Distrito Militar do Norte do Cáucaso e a força aérea. As forças navais russas, contudo, tiveram uma excelente performance. As divisões blindadas atuando na Abecásia, junto com a infantaria, se saiu melhor do que no restante do país e a abertura da segunda frente atrapalhou a capacidade de resposta georgiana.

Apesar dos problemas, o planejamento do Estado-maior russo foi muito elogiado, especialmente na maneira como implementou os planos arquitetados. Analistas da revista Reuters elogiaram também as habilidades das forças terrestres russas, mas salientou que eles não foram tão bem assim. Ao contrário do que aconteceu na guerra contra a Chechênia no ano 2000, a maioria dos militares russos que lutaram na Geórgia eram conscritos e não soldados de carreira. O general Vladimir Boldyrev afirmou que, realmente, a falta de profissionalismo dos conscritos atrapalhou a condução do conflito. Segundo o jornalista americano Roger McDermott, a imprensa russa, supostamente manipulada pelo Estado, escondeu as falhas da operação e tentou vender a ideia de que a guerra foi executada de maneira perfeita. Algumas unidades do exército teriam reclamado pela falta de suprimentos e munição, além da dificuldade de reabastecimento.

Perdas
Segundo uma análise da Reuters, as forças georgianas perderam uma enorme quantidade de equipamentos durante o conflito. Aviões, navios, tanques e sistemas de defesa antiaéreo foram destruídos pela aviação russa. De acordo com oficiais russos, 65 blindados da Geórgia foram capturados e pelo menos três Su-25s e dois L-29s foram abatidos. Helicópteros Mi-24 e Mi-14 georgianos foram destruídos no solo por soldados russos. Foi estimado que o total de perdas militares da Geórgia ficou em US$ 250 milhões de dólares em equipamentos. O ministério da defesa georgiano estimou que 170 militares de seu país morreram no conflito.

A Geórgia, além de perdas territoriais, também sofreu danos a sua infraestrutura interna.

Em 2009, o chefe do estado-maior russo, Nikolai Makarov, afirmou que a Geórgia estava se rearmando, mas não mencionou se os Estados Unidos estavam envolvidos nisso. De acordo com Makarov, as forças armadas georgianas já estavam mais fortes naquele momento do que antes do conflito.

Foi estimado que 67 soldados da Rússia, 36 milicianos ossetas e ao menos 1 militar abecásio foram mortos em combate. O governo russo nunca divulgou informações oficiais de suas perdas, mas estima-se que suas forças possam ter perdido entre seis e doze aviões e um punhado de helicópteros, além de pelo menos quarenta blindados, incluindo três tanques de guerra e cerca de vinte outros veículos blindados leves, além de outros 32 veículos militares. Outros blindados foram avariados seriamente ou perdidos em acidentes. Durante um combate, as forças georgianas destruíram 25 dos 30 veículos de uma unidade militar russa comandada pelo general Anatoly Khrulyov. Os militares russos não tiveram perdas notáveis na área de artilharia, defesa aérea ou forças navais. De acordo com o Nezavisimaya Gazeta, uma revista russa, foi estimado que o total de perdas russas girou em torno de 12,5 bilhões de rublos, na época, em termos de equipamentos.

Ver também
Territórios ocupados da Geórgia
Reconhecimento internacional da independência de Abecásia e Ossétia do Sul
Guerra Russo-Ucraniana

Mais fontes

 Jones, Stephen F. The Making of Modern Georgia, 1918–2012: The First Georgian Republic and its Successors (2014).
 Mankoff, Jeffrey.  Russian Foreign Policy: The Return of Great Power Politics (2nd ed. 2011).
 Niedermaier, Ana K. Countdown to War in Georgia, Russia's Foreign Policy and Media Coverage of the Conflict in South Ossetia and Abkhazia (2008); a Russian perspective.
 Stent, Angela E. The Limits of Partnership: U.S.-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century (2015).

Ligações externas
 Informações do conflito na rádio TSF

 Ukrainian Mercenaries against South Ossetia

Presidência de Dmitri Medvedev
Conflitos em 2008


text:
Dawson-Ward could be the best fight at 168 in 2012
July 31st, 2012 - 23 Comments
By Scott Gilfoid: There's no doubt that the September 8th fight between WBA/WBC super middleweight champion Andre Ward (25-0, 13 KO's) and Chad Dawson (31-1, 17 KO's) is one of the finest match-ups we've seen in boxing in quite some time. However, there are some boxing fans that are worried that this bout won't live up to the billing.
They think Ward and Dawson are two boring fighters that will make for an more boring fight on September 8th. I totally disagree with that belief. Ward is boring because he beats guys so easily that it makes it boring. He's so far advanced compared to his opposition that he stays in 1st gear most of the time while schooling them. It was that way in his fights against Carl Froch, Sakio Bika, Allan Green and Mikkel Kessler.
But Dawson, 29, is a major talent and he's going to force Ward to shift into overdrive if he wants to this fight. I don't even know if that's going to be enough for Ward, because Dawson, 6'2″, has the size advantage and he's the more talented fighter of the two in terms of all around boxing skills. Ward is a good inside pressure fighter in the Bernard Hopkins mold. Ward also has a great jab and he tends to collapse forward after he throws it to get inside on an opponent.
Most of the guys that Ward has fought were too slow to keep Ward from getting inside on them. However, Dawson is really fast with his feet and he's going to be able to move away from Ward to keep from getting caught in his spider-like inside game. For normal fighters, trying to get Ward off of them is like impossible. It's like a fly wrestling with a spider. The more you try to break free the more webs Ward throws on you to immobilize you. But Dawson is strong enough to break free and he's quick enough to avoid Ward's quick first move to try and get inside.
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