text:
Bone tumor - Systematic approach and Differential diagnosis
Henk Jan van der Woude and Robin Smithuis
Radiology department of the Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam and the Rijnland hospital, Leiderdorp, the Netherlands
Systematic Approach
Zone of transition
Periosteal reaction
Cortical destruction
Location: epiphysis - metaphysis - diaphysis
Location: centric - eccentric - juxtacortical
Polyostotic or multiple lesions
Spine lesions
Foot lesions
Publicationdate April 10, 2010
In this article we will discuss a systematic approach to the differential diagnosis of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions.
The differential diagnosis mostly depends on the review of the conventional radiographs and the age of the patient.
ABC = Aneurysmal bone cyst
CMF = Chondromyxoid fibroma
EG = Eosinophilic Granuloma
GCT = Giant cell tumour
FD = Fibrous dysplasia
HPT = Hyperparathyroidism with Brown tumor
NOF = Non Ossifying Fibroma
SBC = Simple Bone Cyst
The most important determinators in the analysis of a potential bone tumor are:
The morphology of the bone lesion on a plain radiograph
Well-defined osteolytic
ill-defined osteolytic
Sclerotic
The age of the patient
It is important to realize that the plain radiograph is the most useful examination for differentiating these lesions.
CT and MRI are only helpful in selected cases.
In this article there are links to other articles about bone tumors.
well-defined osteolytic bone tumors ill-defined osteolytic bone tumors Bone tumors A-G
Most bone tumors are osteolytic.
The most reliable indicator in determining whether these lesions are benign or malignant is the zone of transition between the lesion and the adjacent normal bone (1).
Once we have decided whether a bone lesion is sclerotic or osteolytic and whether it has a well-defined or ill-defined margins, the next question should be: how old is the patient?
Age is the most important clinical clue.
Finally other clues need to be considered, such as a lesion's localization within the skeleton and within the bone, any periosteal reaction, cortical destruction, matrix calcifications, etc.
In the table on the left the morphology of a bone lesion is combined with the age of the patient.
Notice the following:
Infections, a common tumor mimic, are seen in any age group.
Infection may be well-defined or ill-defined osteolytic, and even sclerotic.
EG and infections should be mentioned in the differential diagnosis of almost any bone lesion in patients Many sclerotic lesions in patients > 20 years are healed, previously osteolytic lesions which have ossified, such as: NOF, EG, SBC, ABC and chondroblastoma.
In order to classify osteolytic lesions as well-defined or ill-defined, we need to look at the zone of transition between the lesion and the adjacent normal bone.
The zone of transition is the most reliable indicator in determining whether an osteolytic lesion is benign or malignant (1).
The zone of transition only applies to osteolytic lesions since sclerotic lesions usually have a narrow transition zone.
Narrow zone of transition: NOF, SBC and ABC
Small zone of transition
A small zone of transition results in a sharp, well-defined border and is a sign of slow growth.
A sclerotic border especially indicates poor biological activity.
In patients In patients > 30years, and particularly over 40 years, despite benign radiographic features, metastasis or plasmacytoma also have to be considered
On the left three bone lesions with a narrow zone of transition.
Based on the morphology and the age of the patients, these lesions are benign.
Notice that in all three patients, the growth plates have not yet closed.
In patients > 40 years metastases and multiple myeloma are the most common bone tumors.
Metastases under the age of 40 are extremely rare, unless a patient is known to have a primary malignancy.
Metastases could be included in the differential diagnosis if a younger patient is known to have a malignancy, such as neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma or retinoblastoma.
Wide zone of transition indicates malignancy or infection or eosinophilic granuloma
Wide zone of transition
An ill-defined border with a broad zone of transition is a sign of aggressive growth (1).
It is a feature of malignant bone tumors.
There are two tumor-like lesions which may mimic a malignancy and have to be included in the differential diagnosis.
These are infections and eosinophilic granuloma.
Both of these entities may have an aggressive growth pattern.
Infections and eosinophilic granuloma are exceptional because they are benign lesions which may seem malignant due to their aggressive biologic behavior.
These lesions may have ill-defined margins, but cortical destruction and an aggressive type of periosteal reaction may also be seen.
Table: specific tumors by age Malignant bone tumors in red and benign tumors in blue
Age is the most important clinical clue in differentiating possible bone tumors.
There are many ways of splitting age groups, as can be seen in the first table.
Some prefer to divide patients into two age groups: 30 years.
Most primary bone tumors are seen in patients In patients > 30 years we must always include metastases and myeloma in the differential diagnosis.
A periosteal reaction is a non-specific reaction and will occur whenever the periosteum is irritated by a malignant tumor, benign tumor, infection or trauma.
There are two patterns of periosteal reaction: a benign and an aggressive type.
The benign type is seen in benign lesions such as benign tumors and following trauma.
An aggressive type is seen in malignant tumors, but also in benign lesions with aggressive behavior, such as infections and eosinophilic granuloma.
Benign periosteal reaction in an osteoid osteoma
Benign periosteal reaction
Detecting a benign periosteal reaction may be very helpful, since malignant lesions never cause a benign periosteal reaction.
A benign type of periosteal reaction is a thick, wavy and uniform callus formation resulting from chronic irritation.
In the case of benign, slowly growing lesions, the periosteum has time to lay down thick new bone and remodel it into a more normal-appearing cortex.
Aggressive periosteal reaction
This type of periostitis is multilayered, lamellated or demonstrates bone formation perpendicular to the cortical bone.
It may be spiculated and interrupted - sometimes there is a Codman's triangle.
A Codman's triangle refers to an elevation of the periosteum away from the cortex, forming an angle where the elevated periosteum and bone come together.
In aggressive periostitis the periosteum does not have time to consolidate.
Aggressive periosteal reaction (2)
Osteosarcoma with interrupted periosteal rection and Codman's triangle proximally.
There is periosteal bone formation perpendicular to the cortical bone and extensive bony matrix formation by the tumor itself.
Ewing sarcoma with lamellated and focally interrupted periosteal reaction. (blue arrows)
Infection with a multilayered periosteal reaction.
Notice that the periostitis is aggressive, but not as aggressive as in the other two cases.
Fibrous dysplasia, Enchondroma, NOF and SBC are common bone lesions.
They will not present with a periosteal reaction unless there is a fracture.
If no fracture is present, these bone tumors can be excluded.
Osteosarcoma (left) and Ewings sarcoma (right)
Cortical destruction is a common finding, and not very useful in distinguishing between malignant and benign lesions.
Complete destruction may be seen in high-grade malignant lesions, but also in locally aggressive benign lesions like EG and osteomyelitis.
More uniform cortical bone destruction can be found in benign and low-grade malignant lesions.
Endosteal scalloping of the cortical bone can be seen in benign lesions like FD and low-grade chondrosarcoma.
The images on the left show irregular cortical destruction in an osteosarcoma (left) and cortical destruction with aggressive periosteal reaction in Ewing's sarcoma.
Chondromyxoid fibroma (left), Giant cell tumor (right)
Ballooning is a special type of cortical destruction.
In ballooning the destruction of endosteal cortical bone and the addition of new bone on the outside occur at the same rate, resulting in expansion.
This 'neocortex' can be smooth and uninterrupted, but may also be focally interrupted in more aggressive lesions like GCT.
left: Chondromyxoid fibroma
A benign, well-defined, expansile lesion with regular destruction of cortical bone and a peripheral layer of new bone.
right: Giant cell tumor
A locally aggressive lesion with cortical destruction, expansion and a thin, interrupted peripheral layer of new bone.
Notice the wide zone of transition towards the marrow cavity, which is a sign of aggressive behavior.
Ewing's sarcoma with permeative growth through the haversian channels accompanied by a large soft tissue mass
Cortical destruction (3)
In the group of malignant small round cell tumors which include Ewing's sarcoma, bone lymphoma and small cell osteosarcoma, the cortex may appear almost normal radiographically, while there is permeative growth throughout the Haversian channels.
These tumors may be accompanied by a large soft tissue mass while there is almost no visible bone destruction.
The image on the left shows an Ewing's sarcoma with permeative growth through the Haversian channels accompanied by a large soft tissue mass.
The radiograph does not shown any signs of cortical destruction.
Location within the skeleton
The location of a bone lesion within the skeleton can be a clue in the differential diagnosis.
The illustration on the left shows the preferred locations of the most common bone tumors.
In some locations, such as in the humerus or around the knee, almost all bone tumors may be found.
Top five location of bone tumors in alphabethic order
tibia, femur, fibula, spine, humerus
Adamantinoma
tibia shaft, mandible
femur, humerus, tibia, tarsal bone (calc), patella
tibia, femur, tarsal bone, phalanx foot, fibula
femur, rib, iliac bone, humerus, tibia
Chordoma
sacrococcygeal, spheno-occipital, cervical, lumbar, thoracic
femur, skull, iliac bone, rib, vertebra
phalanges of hands and feet, femur, humerus, metacarpals, rib
femur, iliac bone, fibula, rib, tibia
femur, tibia, rib, skull, humerus
femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, distal radius
spine, ribs, craniofacial bones, femur, tibia
femur, tibia, humerus, iliac bone, vertebra
Metastases
vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, femur, humerus
Non Ossifying Fibroma
tibia, femur, fibula, humerus
femur, tibia, spine, tarsal bone, phalanx
Osteoblastoma
spine, tarsal bone (calc), femur, tibia, humerus
femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, pelvis
femur, tibia, humerus, fibula, radius
femur, tibia, humerus, fibula, iliac bone
Solitary Bone Cyst
proximal humerus, proximal femur, calcaneal bone, iliac bone
Epiphysis
Only a few lesions are located in the epiphysis, so this could be an important finding.
In young patients it is likely to be either a chondroblastoma or an infection.
In patients over 20, a giant cell tumor has to be included in the differential diagnosis.
In older patients a geode, i.e. degenerative subchondral bone cyst must be added to the differential diagnosis.
Look carefully for any signs of arthrosis.
Metaphysis
NOF, SBC, CMF, Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Enchondroma and infections.
Diaphysis
Ewing's sarcoma, SBC, ABC, Enchondroma, Fibrous dysplasia and Osteoblastoma.
Differentiating between a diaphyseal and a metaphyseal location is not always possible.
Many lesions can be located in both or move from the metaphysis to the diaphysis during growth.
Large lesions tend to expand into both areas.
Centric in long bone
SBC, eosinophilic granuloma, fibrous dysplasia, ABC and enchondroma are lesions that are located centrally within long bones.
Eccentric in long bone
Osteosarcoma, NOF, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, GCT and osteoblastoma are located eccentrically in long bones.
Osteoid osteoma is located within the cortex and needs to be differentiated from osteomyelitis.
Juxtacortical
Osteochondroma. The cortex must extend into the stalk of the lesion.
Parosteal osteosarcoma arises from the periosteum.
SBC: central diaphyseal
NOF: eccentric metaphyseal
Osteoid osteoma: cortical
Degenerative subchondral cyst: epiphyseal
ABC: centric diaphyseal
Chondroid matrix
Calcifications or mineralization within a bone lesion may be an important clue in the differential diagnosis.
There are two kinds of mineralization: a chondroid matrix in cartilaginous tumors like enchondromas and chondrosarcomsa and an osteoid matrix in osseus tumors like osteoid osteomas and osteosarcomas.
Calcifications in chondroid tumors have many descriptions: rings-and-arcs, popcorn, focal stippled or flocculent.
left: Enchondroma, the most commonly encountered lesion of the phalanges.
middle: middle: Peripheral chondrosarcoma, arising from an osteochondroma (exostosis).
right: Chondrosarcoma of the rib.
Osteoid matrix in Osteosarcoma (left) and Osteoid osteoma (right).
Osteoid matrix
Mineralization in osteoid tumors can be described as a trabecular ossification pattern in benign bone-forming lesions and as a cloud-like or ill-defined amorphous pattern in osteosarcomas.
Sclerosis can also be reactive, e.g. in Ewing's sarcoma or lymphoma.
Cloud-like bone formation in osteosarcoma.
Notice the aggressive, interrupted periosteal reaction (arrows).
Trabecular ossification pattern in osteoid osteoma.
Notice osteolytic nidus (arrow).
Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia. Multiple osteolytic lesions in femur.
Most bone tumors are solitary lesions.
If there are multiple or polyostotic lesions, the differential diagnosis must be adjusted.
Polyostotic lesions
NOF, fibrous dysplasia, multifocal osteomyelitis, enchondromas, osteochondoma, leukemia and metastatic Ewing' s sarcoma.
Multiple enchondromas are seen in Morbus Ollier.
Multiple enchondromas and hemangiomas are seen in Maffucci's syndrome.
Polyostotic lesions > 30 years
Common: Metastases, multiple myeloma, multiple enchondromas.
Less common: Fibrous dysplasia, Brown tumors of hyperparathyroidism, bone infarcts.
Mnemonic for multiple oseolytic lesions: FEEMHI:
Fibrous dysplasia, enchondromas, EG, Mets and myeloma, Hyperparathyroidism, Infection.
Hemangioma.
Metastasis.
Multiple myeloma.
Plasmocytoma: vertebra plana.
This 'Mini Brain' appearance of plasmacytoma in the spine is sufficiently pathognomonic to obviate biopsy (9).
Here some typical examples of bone tumors in the spine.
Here some typical examples of bone tumors in the foot.
Here some more examples of bone tumors in the foot.
Fundamentals of Skeletal Radiology, second edition
by Clyde A. Helms
W. B. Saunders company 1995
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst: Concept, Controversy, Clinical Presentation, and Imaging
by Mark J. Kransdorf and Donald E. Sweet
AJR 1995;164:573-580
Lucent Lesions of Bone
Online teaching by the Musculoskeletal Radiology academic section of the University of Washington
Sclerotic Lesions of Bone
Bone Tumors and Tumorlike Conditions: Analysis with Conventional Radiography
by Theodore Miller
March 2008 Radiology, 246, 662-674
Bonetumor.org
by Henri de Groot
Parosteal sarcoma (pdf)
by Jack Edeiken
The 'Mini Brain' Plasmacytoma in a Vertebral Body on MR Imaging
by Nancy M. Major, Clyde A. Helms and William J. Richardson.
Radiological atlas of bone tumours of the Netherlands Committee on Bone Tumors
by Mulder JD, et al.
Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Nachal Civ'on ( נחל צבעון) je vádí v Horní Galileji, v severním Izraeli.

Začíná nedaleko severovýchodního úbočí hory Har Civ'on, jihovýchodně od vesnice Sasa. Směřuje pak k severoseverovýchodu, přičemž se zařezává do okolního terénu a vytváří hluboké zalesněné údolí. Ze západu míjí vesnici Civ'on a v prostoru lesního komplexu les Bar'am ústí zleva do vádí Nachal Dišon.

Odkazy

Reference

Související články
 Horní Galilea

Civ'on
Povodí Dišonu
Galilea

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Export query result in Pervasive to txt / csv file I'm using Pervasive 10 with PCC (Pervasive Control Center) and I need to export a lot of results (over 100 000) to a TXT file.I know it's possible "Execute in Text" but this feature does not work for me because after exporting about 20 000 records the program stops. I have also changed the settings in PCC (Windows->Preferences->Text Output-> Maximun number of rows to display = 500,000).
Anyone know a way to export my query result to a txt file?

A: You should be able to use the Export Data function.  Right click on the table name in the PCC and select Export Data.  From there, you can either execute the standard "select * from " or make a more complex query to pull only the data you need.  You can set the delimiter to Comma, Tab, or Colon.

A: Nice answer mirtheil, was wondering about this my self as well.
To add something to the answer.
It does not matter which table you right click and choose "Export Data" on, Because your query will override the default table query.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Jan 27, 2020 - Technology
Hundreds at Amazon call for company to toughen climate policies
Ina Fried, author of Axios Login
Illustration: Sarah Grillo/Axios
Hundreds of Amazon workers are pushing the company to adopt tougher policies to reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change.
Why it matters: The employees are putting their names to their comments, posted on Medium, and the move defies Amazon's corporate policy.
The big picture: Employee activism at tech companies is on the rise, both at companies known for openness, like Google, as well as at companies that don't have a long tradition of worker action, like Amazon.
Many of the workers are calling on Amazon's AWS unit to stop doing business with oil and gas companies. Increasingly those concerned with climate change have been pressuring not only oil and gas companies but those companies' partners and suppliers.
Microsoft, for example, was praised for its announcement earlier this month that it was working to become carbon negative, but critics pointed out that its Azure Web Services unit was still doing business with oil and gas companies.
What they're saying:
Michael Sokolov, Amazon principal engineer: "Expecting its employees to maintain silence on these issues, and Amazon's impact on them, is really a reprehensible overreach, and I am proud to take this opportunity to demonstrate my unwillingness to comply."
Amelia Graham-McCann, Amazon senior business analyst: "The science on climate change is clear. It is unconscionable for Amazon to continue helping the oil and gas industry extract fossil fuels while trying to silence employees who speak out."
Jacob Hinton, Amazon software engineer: "Contributing to climate change, supporting ICE, and brutal labor conditions in the warehouses are great for the bottom line but awful for society."
Amazon's response, from a company spokesperson: "We founded the Climate Pledge, committing to net zero carbon by 2040, which is 10 years ahead of the Paris Agreement. We plan to be using 100% renewable energy by 2030, and we have thousands of people working on sustainability initiatives across the company."
What's next: Amazon says, "We do enforce our external communications policy and will not allow employees to publicly disparage or misrepresent the company or the hard work of their colleagues who are developing solutions to these hard problems."


I knew just two things about this show going into it: its status as the first fall broadcast show to premiere and a very negative Facebook post from a good friend and fellow TV watcher from earlier in the day about how the show was an unfunny and unnecessary imitation of "Star Trek." Unfortunately, I have to agree with him, since I always wonder when new shows premiere what the point is and what audience the show is attempting to attract. With "Star Trek: Discovery" premiering just two weeks after this show's debut on a new streaming-only network, it seems like an odd time to launch this semi-parody that includes such biting lines as "Happy Arbor Day!" and doesn't quite know whether it wants to be an adventure series or a comedy. I don't like "Family Guy" but I thought Seth MacFarlane was a decent Oscars host back in 2012. What he's done here is not managed to be too offensive but also not managed to be too funny. An ace pilot being well-known for drawing a lot of penises is far from sophisticated, and the excitement about a pizza party for office birthdays was mildly amusing but also not a real winner. In the cast, I was surprised to recognize Penny Johnson Jerald, who I haven't seen since her much more dramatic role on "24" over a decade ago, as the chief medical officer, and it pains me to see the usually excellent Adrianne Palicki, recently of "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." relegated to a far from worthwhile part, even if it's one of the best to be found on this show. I like space travel, but I'd rather do it with a different crew, probably like the one I'll meet in a week and a half.
How will it work as a series? FOX is making a big show of airing the first two episodes on Sunday night before moving it to its regularly-scheduled Wednesday timeslot, so clearly they think it's the show to watch. I think that the childish banter and only meagerly exciting action is what we have to look forward to in whatever will remain of this mediocre show.
How long will it last? Ratings data doesn't seem to be available as a result of Hurricane Irma, but I'd say that the dismal 35 that this show earned on Metacritic is enough to seal its fate. It is a typical FOX show, and it might do well in its many airings this month, but I still don't think it will make it beyond season one or even until its proscribed end.


The results are startling, said BNN, the financial news television station, when introducing the survey results.
According to the bank, 16% of those surveyed said they would never be able to afford the increase. Another 27% said they would have to make adjustments to their budgets to make ends meet. Yet another 26% said they would be concerned, but they could probably handle it.
No doubt. A $500 a month increase amounts to $6,000 a year, enough to make a dent in most family finance plans.
But when you drill down through the numbers, for a $500 boost, interest rates would have to go up by three percentage points—from 2.75% to 5.75% on a $300,000 mortgage with a 25-year amortization period.
That is not likely to happen. Interest rates are low and there is no indication they will go up any time soon. The Bank of Canada has certainly not given signals that it has any plans to change its low rate policy.
Even if there is a change of heart, rates will go up gradually, not in one fell swoop. You won't wake up one morning with a lender asking you to cough up or get out.
When rates do go up or down, they tend to move by 25 basis points or 50 basis points at the most. That's 0.25% to 0.5%—much easier to swallow.
If interest rates do increase at the most likely rate of 25 basis points per occasion, they would have to go up 12 times from 2.75% to reach 5.75%.
Most Canadians have fixed-rate mortgages over 5 years, the most popular mortgage term, so it could be quite a while before they would need to negotiate a renewal. However, with rates as low as they are, (and if this survey spooks you), maybe it is an incentive to think about locking in.
The BMO survey goes on to say that 40% of Canadians have been influenced by the low interest rates to buy too much house. The doomsayers are using this survey to make the point that Canadians are over-extended because of low interest rates and that the findings should be a warning to pay down debt and start tightening their belts.
There is another factor. In his new book, The Wealthy Barber Returns, financial guru David Chilton quotes a 1772 essay by the French philosopher, Denis Diderot. In Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown: Or, a Warning to Those Who Have More Taste than Money, Diderot writes about getting a beautiful new dressing gown that makes everything in his surroundings look shabby. As a result, he is compelled to replace his tapestries, his artwork, and his furniture.
Chilton applies this concept to the modern adventure of buying a house that is nicer than you can afford. David Chilton is the keynote speaker at the 2015 Canadian Personal Finance Conference where he is sure to elaborate.
I want to end with a story about my friend Nancy. The house she had her eye on meant that her mortgage would be $20 a month more than she budgeted.
We sat down and considered the Latte Factor, a term coined by financial commentator David Bach in his book Finish Rich, which expresses the idea that the trivial things we spend on every day add up over time. His theory is that it is better to take on a bigger mortgage than to splurge on candy, cigarettes, or premium cable TV.
We were optimistic rather than pessimistic about interest rates and the uncertainty of life. Sure enough, Nancy soon got a promotion with a raise. She enjoys her new house and we still go to Starbucks, where she continues to treat me to lattes.


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Long Range Tracking: Shazam!, Pet Sematary, & The Best of Enemies
Numbers • Shawn Robbins • February 08 2019
This week's report takes a first look at the beginning of Q2 2019 with the release of three studio titles on April 5.
Opening Weekend Range: $40 – 60 million
The promise of a coming-of-age entry in the DC film universe could provide a welcome change of pace for fans and general audiences alike, especially with initial comparisons to the modern classic Big. Appeal to teens could be particularly notable, which could drive significant upside to current forecasts.
Early social media buzz and trailer reactions have been very encouraging. The film earned a 77 percent interest score on Trailer Impact, not far behind the 83 percent of Aquaman nearly two months from its release.
This film's strong comedic approach could represent another fresh aspect to attract moviegoers looking for a pure dose of popcorn fun from the genre leading up to a "darker" Avengers: Endgame later in the month.
By and large, the character isn't widely known outside of DC fans. That may not be a problem in the long run if reviews are strong, but it could translate to longer legs as opposed to the big debut typical of many superhero films.
Releasing one week after Dumbo, there may be competition for some of the family audience that often drives superhero titles. The aforementioned Avengers sequel opening three weeks later will represent a looming threat for that audience as well.
As noted many times in recent years, the horror genre has never been more lucrative than it is with today's audiences.
The added fan base of Stephen King and fans of the original 1989 film and its sequel introduce an element of nostalgia that might benefit this remake's opening.
Releasing two weeks after Us could prove challenging if Jordan Peele's next film earns strong audience approval.
The Best of Enemies
Opening Weekend Range: $7 – 12 million
Taraji P. Henson and Sam Rockwell are widely respected actors whose fans may be intrigued by the chemistry the pair have on screen.
The spring slate is largely devoid of adult-leaning dramas from major studios, leaving an open space for this to catch on if reception hits the mark.
Similar dramas like Marshall and Black or White weren't able to catch on at the box office despite their important subject matter, leaving us on the cautious end of expectations for now.
8-Week Tracking
Release Date Title 3-Day Wide Release Tracking % Chg from Last Week Domestic Total Forecast % Chg from Last Week Estimated Location Count Distributor
2/13/2019 Happy Death Day 2U $20,000,000 $52,000,000 3,000 Universal
2/13/2019 Isn't It Romantic $15,000,000 $57,000,000 3,300 Warner Bros.
2/14/2019 Alita: Battle Angel $17,000,000 6% $48,000,000 6% 3,700 Fox
2/22/2019 Fighting with My Family $8,000,000 $25,000,000 2,200 MGM
2/22/2019 How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World $49,000,000 $173,000,000 4,200 Universal
3/1/2019 Greta n/a n/a Focus Features
3/1/2019 Tyler Perry's A Madea Family Funeral $27,000,000 $68,000,000 Lionsgate
3/8/2019 Captain Marvel $160,000,000 $440,000,000 Disney / Marvel
3/15/2019 No Manches Frida 2 n/a n/a Lionsgate / Pantelion Films
3/15/2019 Five Feet Apart $11,000,000 $37,000,000 Lionsgate
3/15/2019 Wonder Park $8,000,000 $30,000,000 Paramount
3/22/2019 The Informer n/a n/a Aviron
3/22/2019 Us $42,000,000 $135,000,000 Universal
3/29/2019 Dumbo (2019) $59,000,000 $175,000,000 Disney
3/29/2019 Hotel Mumbai n/a n/a Bleecker Street
3/29/2019 Unplanned n/a n/a Pure Flix
4/5/2019 The Best of Enemies $10,000,000 NEW $30,000,000 NEW STX
4/5/2019 Pet Sematary (2019) $28,000,000 NEW $65,000,000 NEW Paramount
4/5/2019 Shazam! $45,000,000 NEW $144,000,000 NEW Warner Bros.
Tracking and forecasts are subject to change each week as marketing, reviews, and other factors are taken into consideration.
Contact us for information about subscribing to Boxoffice.com's suite of forecasting and data services.
Alita: Battle Angel Pet Sematary (2019) Shazam The Best of Enemies
Studio Weekend Estimates: Bad Boys for Life Explodes w/ $59.1M 3-Day/$68.1M 4-Day Debut; Dolittle Brings in $22.5M/$30M While 1917 Battles to $22.1M/$27M
Chris Eggertsen • Jan 19th
While holdovers like 1917 and Little Women remained strong in the wake of their impressive Oscar nomination tallies last week, the first holiday weekend of the year belonged to Bad Boys for Life, the belated threequel in the Will Smith-Martin...
Weekend Box Office Key Insights: Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker To Reach $1B Globally This Week
Jesse Rifkin • Jan 13th
The World Better Prepare for When I'm a Billionaire Through Sunday, Disney's sequel The Rise of Skywalker earned $478.2M domestic and $511.4M overseas, for a $989.6M global total. Although it fell slightly short of the billion-dollar mark, it looks to cross...
Studio Weekend Estimates: 1917 Dethrones Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker ($15.1M) w/ Powerful $36.5M Over Crowded Frame
This weekend, North American moviegoers veered from outright fantasy to historical reality, crowning Universal's 1917 the box office champion over Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, which fell out of the No. 1 spot for the first time. The Sam...
Global Box Office Reaches Record $42.5B in 2019
Amid fears of competition from streaming and other media, worldwide box office revenues reached a new global record last year with $42.5B, Comscore reported Friday. Box office was down 4% domestically in 2019, finishing the year with $11.4 billion. It...


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Q: Setting up JAVA_HOME in .bashrc file to run wso2.sh file I'm trying to set up wso2 following this tutorial, and I am having some issues setting the JAVA_HOME variable.
I found this post setting the path to the jdk, but I get the following output when I open a new terminal window:
Command 'lesspipe' is available in the following places
 * /bin/lesspipe
 * /usr/bin/lesspipe
The command could not be located because '/usr/bin:/bin' is not included in the PATH environment variable.
lesspipe: command not found
Command 'dircolors' is available in '/usr/bin/dircolors'
The command could not be located because '/usr/bin' is not included in the PATH environment variable.
dircolors: command not found
Command 'ls' is available in '/bin/ls'
The command could not be located because '/bin' is not included in the PATH environment variable.
ls: command not found

This is my currrent path vaiable:
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/home/username/java/jdk1.8

-----------------------------UPDATE----------------------------------------
export JAVA_HOME="home/username/java/jdk1.8"
export PATH=$PATH:JAVA_HOME

Now the bash file seems to working fine, but i still get an error when i try to run the wso2server.sh file, with the following output:
Error: JAVA_HOME is not defined correctly.
 CARBON cannot execute /username/java/jdk1.8/bin/java

--------------------------UPDATE------------------------------------------
running this command to find my path:
readlink -f (which java)

gives:
/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin/java

could this be the right path? The path provided in the earlier update does not lead to the jdk


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@interface SPDependsTest : XCTestCase

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Q: Typo3 on Bluemix Is it possible to run a Typo3 application on Bluemix?
I've already seen an approach to run a WordPress application on bluemix. But does some kind of service or integration exist to do the same with typo3?
Thank you for your help!

A: Anything that relies on a persistent file system will not be a good fit for a CF app and would need the extra considerations that you've already brought up regarding WordPress deployments.


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ConvertOctopus
How fast is 109 kilometers per hour in meters per second?
109 kilometers per hour equals 30.278 meters per second
From centimeters (cm) feet (ft) inches (in) kilometers (km) meters (m) miles (mi) decimeters (dm) millimeters (mm) yards (yd) grams (g) ounces (oz) pounds (lb) kilograms (kg) days (d) months (mo) years (yr) hours (hr) minutes (min) seconds (s) weeks (wk) feet per second (ft/s) kilometers per hour (km/h) knots (kt) meters per second (m/s) miles per hour (mph) cubic centimeters (cm3) cubic feet (ft3) cubic inches (in3) cubic meters (m3) cups (cup) deciliters (dL) gallons (gal) liters (L) milliliters (ml) fluid ounces (fl oz) pints (pt) quarts (qt) tablespoons (tbsp) teaspoons (tsp)
To centimeters (cm) feet (ft) inches (in) kilometers (km) meters (m) miles (mi) decimeters (dm) millimeters (mm) yards (yd) grams (g) ounces (oz) pounds (lb) kilograms (kg) days (d) months (mo) years (yr) hours (hr) minutes (min) seconds (s) weeks (wk) feet per second (ft/s) kilometers per hour (km/h) knots (kt) meters per second (m/s) miles per hour (mph) cubic centimeters (cm3) cubic feet (ft3) cubic inches (in3) cubic meters (m3) cups (cup) deciliters (dL) gallons (gal) liters (L) milliliters (ml) fluid ounces (fl oz) pints (pt) quarts (qt) tablespoons (tbsp) teaspoons (tsp)
The conversion factor from kilometers per hour to meters per second is 0.277777777778, which means that 1 kilometer per hour is equal to 0.277777777778 meters per second:
1 km/h = 0.277777777778 m/s
To convert 109 kilometers per hour into meters per second we have to multiply 109 by the conversion factor in order to get the velocity amount from kilometers per hour to meters per second. We can also form a simple proportion to calculate the result:
1 km/h → 0.277777777778 m/s
109 km/h → V(m/s)
Solve the above proportion to obtain the velocity V in meters per second:
V(m/s) = 109 km/h × 0.277777777778 m/s
V(m/s) = 30.277777777802 m/s
109 km/h → 30.277777777802 m/s
We conclude that 109 kilometers per hour is equivalent to 30.277777777802 meters per second:
109 kilometers per hour = 30.277777777802 meters per second
Alternative conversion
We can also convert by utilizing the inverse value of the conversion factor. In this case 1 meter per second is equal to 0.033027522935753 × 109 kilometers per hour.
Another way is saying that 109 kilometers per hour is equal to 1 ÷ 0.033027522935753 meters per second.
Approximate result
For practical purposes we can round our final result to an approximate numerical value. We can say that one hundred nine kilometers per hour is approximately thirty point two seven eight meters per second:
109 km/h ≅ 30.278 m/s
An alternative is also that one meter per second is approximately zero point zero three three times one hundred nine kilometers per hour.
kilometers per hour to meters per second chart
For quick reference purposes, below is the conversion table you can use to convert from kilometers per hour to meters per second
kilometers per hour (km/h)
meters per second (m/s)
110 kilometers per hour 30.556 meters per second
117 kilometers per hour 32.5 meters per second
Conversion units
The units involved in this conversion are kilometers per hour and meters per second. This is how they are defined:
Kilometer per hour
The kilometre per hour (American English: kilometer per hour) is a unit of speed, expressing the number of kilometres travelled in one hour. The unit symbol is km/h. Worldwide, it is the most commonly used unit of speed on road signs and car speedometers. Although the metre was formally defined in 1799, the term "kilometres per hour" did not come into immediate use – the myriametre (10,000 metres) and myriametre per hour were preferred to kilometres and kilometres per hour.
Source: Wikipedia Topic: kilometer per hour
Meter per second
Metre per second (American English: meter per second) is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector quantity which specifies both magnitude and a specific direction), defined by distance in metres divided by time in seconds. The SI unit symbols are m·s−1, m s−1 or m/s sometimes (unofficially) abbreviated as "mps". Where metres per second are several orders of magnitude too slow to be convenient, such as in astronomical measurements, velocities may be given in kilometres per second, where 1 km/s is 1000 metres per second, sometimes unofficially abbreviated as "kps".
Source: Wikipedia Topic: meter per second
How fast is 109 kilometers per hour in other velocity units?
109 kilometers per hour to feet per second
109 kilometers per hour to knots
109 kilometers per hour to meters per second
109 kilometers per hour to miles per hour
Recent kilometers per hour to meters per second conversions
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121.5 kilometers per hour to meters per second
1259 ounces to pounds
59.3 milliliters to quarts
36 cubic centimeters to liters
1181 kilometers per hour to meters per second
1237 hours to seconds
79.6 decimeters to millimeters
452 ounces to kilograms
kilometers per hour to meters per second
109 km/h to m/s
©2021 ConvertOctopus.com


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Preparing your business for Brexit
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Nearly half of SMEs are struggling with cashflow as Brexit burden drains resources
Rises in material costs (17%) and increasing competition (15%) are increasing pressure on SMEs
Half of the UK's SMEs predict a recession in the next 12 months
Nearly half (44%) of the UK's SMEs, equating to 2.5m businesses, are struggling with cash flow as they attempt to prepare for Brexit, according to the latest SME Confidence Tracker from Bibby Financial Services.
The report, which surveys 1,000 business decision makers on a quarterly basis from across the UK, found that there has been a six per cent rise (to 29%) in the number of SMEs actively using funding in the past quarter. Seventy-two per cent of SMEs are investing an average of £16,400 more than predicted at the end of Q1.
According to economic analyses from the PMIs and ONS, it appears that this additional investment is being used to offset risks associated with a no-deal Brexit.
Sixty-nine per cent of SMEs are preparing to further invest in their businesses in Q3 as they attempt to protect themselves from any negative impacts of Brexit. While this does mark the end of five quarters of falling investment, it is not a return to historic levels last seen in Q4 2017 (80%).
With half of the UK's SMEs believing there will be a recession this year, they've turned to quick-fix forms of funding, with over a quarter (26%) of those needing finance making use of credit cards, bank overdrafts, and borrowing from family and friends.
Sharon Wiltshire, UK Commercial Director at Bibby Financial Services, said: "Ordinarily a rise in the number of companies investing in themselves would be a boon for the economy. But with increasing competition, rising materials costs and the broader economy stalling, businesses appear to be sourcing finance to cope with these challenging conditions rather than investing for growth.
"With the current uncertainty set to continue, it has never been more essential for SMEs to be aware of all the funding options available to them before they commit to more borrowing."
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Luke is an experienced pub manager who puts customer service at the heart of everything he does. Originally a baker by trade, Luke has worked in pubs man and boy with a break in between when he worked in the fast-food trade and he also had his own hospitality businesses for a time. But he was lured back to the pub trade by Batemans with the promise of a great family company behind him with the personal touch.


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Seattle Kitchen suggests some 'super' brews, cocktails for game day
By MyNorthwest Staff
Don't bore your guests with the same old boring beers and cocktails. The Seattle Kitchen Show offers some fresh options to bring your party up to a "super" level. (AP photo/file)
The Seattle Kitchen Show observes an interesting irony about a Super Bowl celebrations when it comes to food and beverage: "On the most famous sports day in America, everyone reverts to worst things to eat and drink in America," says Seattle Kitchen host and chef Tom Douglas.
So in trying to up the offerings to match the stature of the occasion, The Seattle Kitchen Show is trying to come up with alternatives to the low-bar drinks typically offered Super Bowl Sunday.
Of course a big staple on game day is beer, but you don't necessarily have to go with the same old boring options.
Adam Chumas, the man behind the beverages at all of the Tom Douglas restaurants, has some fresh ideas.
Related: Seattle Kitchen's guide to Super Bowl Feast Mode
Because it's a long game, Chumas says he recommends finding beers with pretty low in alcohol content.
"One of my favorite breweries that's up in Ballard, Stoup, is doing a session IPA that comes in at 4.9 percent alcohol. It's great. You get all of the balance of the hops and the malt character but without being watered down like a light beer," says Chumas. "It's got lots of craft character for people who want to enjoy it all the way through the game."
Another local offering Chumas suggests can be found in Fremont.
"Fremont Brewing Company just released their late winter release, the 77 Fremont Select, which comes in at 4.0 percent alcohol by volume. That is just a great refreshing craft style beer to drink."
If you're a pilsner fan, Chumas says the best in Washington state is Chuckanut, from up in Bellingham. Chumas says they have growlers available now for a reasonable price.
As for cocktails, he notes there's always a lot of nachos and chips and dips at a Super Bowl party, so margaritas are a great Super Bowl drink.
"If you want to come to a party with a big batch of margarita, that's something you can make at home beforehand and bring in a nice pitcher and serve throughout the game," says Chumas. "It's light. It's refreshing."
Keeping drinks light and keeping alcohol content low means its more likely guests will be able to enjoy them for the duration, says Chumas. Drinks without an overbearing flavor also won't overwhelm all the other tastes fans will be enjoying in your Super Bowl spread, he notes.


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The Character Everyone Forgets Carrie Fisher Played On Sex And The City
By Maria Felix/April 25, 2021 2:24 pm EST
Let's be real, Carrie Fisher didn't have to do anything else after her role as Leia Organa in the "Star Wars" franchise. With the unprecedented success of the George Lucas films, the late actress and writer was able to choose her projects carefully. She had impeccable comedic timing that couldn't be showcased in her serious role as Princess Leia but was evidenced through her roles in her friends' films. Fisher flexed her comedy chops in the Dan Aykroyd film "The Blues Brothers," alongside Chevy Chase in "Under The Rainbow," and the horror-comedy "The 'Burbs" to name a few. Fisher also ventured onto the small screen, popping in to do one-offs on shows like "Frasier", "30 Rock," and "Sex and the City."
The HBO hit had its share of cameos, including Sarah Michelle Gellar, David Duchovny, and Justin Theroux during its initial run. With so many actors eager to appear on one of the hottest shows of the '90s, it's easy to miss Carrie Fisher's appearance alongside Carrie Bradshaw (Sarah Jessica Parker).
Carrie, meet Carrie
In Season 3, Episode 14 of the series, appropriately titled "Sex and Another City," the fabulous four travel to Los Angeles. After being rejected from an after-party, Carrie meets Keith Travers (Vince Vaughn), who gets her into the party and into bed on the premise that he's a Hollywood agent whose clients include Matt Damon. Carrie Fisher appears the morning after, shattering Keith's illusion. Turns out Keith is Carrie Fisher's personal assistant and the house they're frolicking in belongs to her, not Keith, who is clearly not a successful agent either. A naked Carrie Bradshaw introduces herself to Fisher, attempting to diffuse the awkward encounter by joking "I'm Carrie, you're Carrie," and pushing the fact that they're both writers. Carrie brushes her off, complaining that she has a child (a reference to a baby Billie Lourd) before Bradshaw sees her way out.
Seeing Carrie Fisher scold Vince Vaughn (who was already big from his role in "Swingers") provided a hilarious peek into life within the industry, but her later role as '70s feminist writer in "30 Rock" is often remembered as one of Carrie Fisher's funniest roles on screen.


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Girl, 10, shot in leg when bullets hit GR home
by: 24 Hour News 8 web staff
Posted: Jun 23, 2019 / 04:26 AM EDT / Updated: Jun 23, 2019 / 11:31 PM EDT
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. (WOOD) — A 10-year-old girl was shot in the leg at a home on Grand Rapids' southeast side early Sunday.
"She's very traumatized right now," the girl's mother told 24 Hour News 8 Sunday night.
The Grand Rapids Police Department told 24 Hour News 8 that officers responded to a report of shots fired along Temple Street SE east of Eastern Avenue around 2:30 a.m. When officers arrived, they found the girl, who had been shot in the leg.
The scene in the 900 block of Temple St. in Grand Rapids' southeast side where a 10 year old was shot June 23, 2019.
The child's injuries are not considered life-threatening. She was out of the hospital and back home Sunday evening, but family members said she was still terrified.
The girl's mother identified her as Jayana Floyd.
Her mother Star Price said police told her about 20 rounds were fired, several of which hit the home.
She said Jayana was near a window closing the shades when she was shot.
"My other daughter came up to me and told me my daughter has been shot," Price told 24 Hour News 8 Sunday evening. "She (Jayana) was very calm. She handled it very well. She didn't cry."
She said it was a miracle that her daughter wasn't more seriously hurt.
"I'm just happy my baby is alive. I'm happy that she's OK," she said. "I'm happy that she didn't get hit in another part and I'm not saying rest in peace right now."
Police who responded to the scene were struck by the little girl's bravery. One of the officers showed up at the home Sunday evening to bring the child a gift, but said he was too emotional to talk on camera. Price thanked the emergency responders who came to her daughter's aid, saying they helped keep her calm.
The shooter remained at large Sunday.
"I know God's going to bring whoever that was to the light," Price said. "I need them to come forward and admit to what they did. … You hit an innocent child, for what reason?"
She said there has been crime and violence in the neighborhood recently and she tried to shield her kids from it.
Anyone with information is asked to contact GRPD at 616.456.3400 or Silent Observer at 616.774.2345.
—24 Hour News 8's Leon Hendrix contributed to this report.
More Grand Rapids Stories
Grocery planned for Wealthy & Fuller clears hurdle
by Susan Samples / Jul 18, 2019
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. (WOOD) — The Grand Rapids Historic Preservation Commission on Wednesday approved the design for a mixed-use building at Wealthy Street SE and Fuller Avenue.
The builder plans to put a full-service grocery store on the lot, which was once home to a gas station but has sat vacant since the 1970s.
Renderings show MSU expansion on Medical Mile
by 24 Hour News 8 web staff / Jul 18, 2019
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. (WOOD) — Renderings were released Thursday of the new Michigan State University Grand Rapids Innovation Park, an expansion of its Medical Mile campus.
Announced in December and slated to open in late 2021, the building at the corner of Michigan Street and Monroe Avenue will be approximately 200,000 square feet and will have a parking structure that can fit up to 600 vehicles.
GR bicyclist killed in crash involving semi ID'd
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. (WOOD) — A Grand Rapids man was killed after his bicycle collided with a semi-truck in Grand Rapids Thursday morning, police say.
It happened around 5:40 a.m. near the intersection of Turner Avenue and 6th Street on the city's West Side.
24 Hour News 8 Links
Gas Prices for Grand Rapids and Kent County


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Home > Vol 18 (2019) >	Mazur
Media accessibility training
Iwona Mazur, Gert Vercauteren
With the emergence of media accessibility services such as audio description and (live) subtitles for the deaf and the hard of hearing the need has arisen to train prospective professionals in those areas. In this article, which opens the volume devoted to media accessibility training, we first define the field of study and then review some European projects that deal with the topic. Next, we discuss the current landscape of media accessibility training, including the required skills and competences, curriculum design, methodological approaches, training materials and assessment. An overview of the 12 contributions that have been included in the volume follows, together with an exploration of how they advance the state of the art. Finally, we end with a note on what still remains to be done in the realm of media accessibility training.
media accessibility training; audiovisual translation didactics; audio description; subtitling for the deaf and the hard of hearing; respeaking
ADLAB PRO. (2017). Assessment of current AD training practices [Report]. Retrieved from http://www.adlabpro.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/20170608_uam_io1_report.pdf
Arumí Ribas, M., & Romero Fresco, P. (2008). A practical proposal for the training of respeakers. JosTrans, 10, 106–127.
Bali, M. (2014). MOOC pedagogy: Gleaning good practice from existing MOOCs. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 10(1), 44–56.
Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain. London, England: Longmans.
Cabeza-Cáceres, C. (2017, March). Professional audio descriptions: Same film, same assignment = same quality? Paper presented at Advanced Research Seminar on Audio Description ARSAD, Barcelona, Spain. Abstract retrieved from http://grupsderecerca.uab.cat/arsad/sites/grupsderecerca.uab.cat.arsad/files/arsad2017_abstracts_final.pdf
Cerezo Merchán, B. (2019). Audiovisual translator training. In L. Pérez-González (Ed.), The Roudledge handbook of audiovisual translation (pp. 468–482). New York, NY: Routledge.
Chmiel, A., Mazur, I., & Vercauteren, G. (2019). Emerging competences for the emerging profession: A course design procedure for training audio describers. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 13(3), 326–341. doi:10.1080/1750399X.2019.1656408
Díaz Cintas, J. (2007). Por una preparación de calidad en accesibilidad audiovisual. TRANS. Revista de traductología, 11, 45–59. doi:10.24310/TRANS.2007.v0i11.3097
European Commission. (2018). European Skills/Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/esco/portal/escopedia/̣Competence?resetLanguage=true&newLanguage=en
Fryer, L. (2016). An introduction to audio description: A practical guide. London, England: Routledge.
Fryer, L. (2019). Quality assessment in audio description: Lessons learned from interpreting. In E. Huertas-Barros, S. Vandepitte & E. Iglesias-Fernández (Eds.), Quality assurance and assessment practices in translation and interpreting (pp. 155–177). IGI Global. doi: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5225-3
Greco, G. M. (2018). The nature of accessibility studies. Journal of Audiovisual Translation, 1(1), 205–232. Retrieved from https://www.jatjournal.org/index.php/jat/article/view/51
Gütl, C., Hernández Rizzardini, R., Chang, V., Morales M. (2014). Attrition in MOOC – Lessons learned from drop-out students. In L. Uden, J. Sinclair, Y.-H. Tao & D. Liberona (Eds.), Learning technology for education in cloud: MOOC and Big Data (pp. 37–48). London, England: Springer.
Hurtado Albir, A. (Ed.). (2017). Researching translation and interpreting competence by PACTE group. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.
Hyks, V. (2005). Audio Description and translation. Two related but different skills. Translating Today, 4, 6–8.
Jankowska, A. (2017). Blended learning in Audio Description training. Między Oryginałem a Przekładem, 38, 101–124. doi:10.12797/MOaP.23.2017.38.05
Kelly, D. (2005). A handbook for translator trainers: A guide to reflective practice. Manchaster, England: St. Jerome.
Kiraly, D. (2000). A social constructivist approach to translator education: Empowerment from theory to practice. Manchester, England: St. Jerome.
Kiraly, D. (2005). Project-based learning: A case for situated translation. Meta: Journal des traducteurs, 50(4), 1098–1111. doi:10.7202/012063ar
Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of Bloom's taxonomy: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(4), 212–218. doi:10.1207/s15430421tip4104_2
Laurillard, B.D. (2012). Teaching as a design science. Abingdon, England: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203125083
Matamala, A. (2006). La accesibilidad en los medios: aspectos lingüísticos y retos de formación. In R. Pérez-Amat & Á. Pérez-Ugena (Eds.), Sociedad, integración y televisión en España (pp. 293–306). Madrid, Spain: Laberinto.
Matamala, A., & Orero, P. (2007). Designing a course on audio description and defining the main competences of the future professional. Linguistica Antverpiensia New Series, 6, 329–344. Retrieved from https://lans-tts.uantwerpen.be/index.php/LANS-TTS/index
Mazur, I. (2019, June). A functional approach to audio description: Proposal of a framework. Paper presented at the 8th Media for All International Conference: Complex Understandings, Stockholm, Sweden. Abstract retrieved from https://www.tolk.su.se/english/media-for-all-8/programme/abstracts/a-functional-approach-to-audio-description-1.429418
Mazur, I., & Chmiel, A. (in press). Audio description training: A snapshot of the current practices. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 14(4).
Navarrete Moreno, F. J. (1997). Sistema AUDESC: El arte de hablar en imágenes. Integración: Revista sobre ceguera y deficiencia visual, 23, 70–75. Retrieved from https://www.once.es/dejanos-ayudarte/la-discapacidad-visual/revista-integracion
Orero, P. (2005). Audio description: Professional recognition, practice and standards in Spain. Translation Watch Quarterly, 1(1), 7–18. Retrieved from http://www.translocutions.com/̣tsi/twq/
Remael, A., & van der Veer, B. (2006). Real-time subtitling in Flanders: Needs and teaching. In C. Eugeni & G. Mack (Eds.), Intralinea Special Issue: Respeaking. Retrieved from http://www.intralinea.org/specials/article/Real-Time_Subtitling_in_Flanders_Needs_and_Teaching.
Remael, A., & Vercauteren, G. (2007). Audio describing the exposition phase of films: Teaching students what to choose. Trans: Revista de traductologia, 11, 73–93. doi: 10.24310/TRANS.2007.v0i11.3099
Robert, I., Schrijver, I., & Diels, E. (2019). Trainers' and employers' perceptions of training in intralingual and interlingual live subtitling: A survey study. Journal of Audiovisual Translation, 2(1), 1–25. Retrieved from https://www.jatjournal.org/index.php/jat
Romero-Fresco, P. (2012). Respeaking in translator training curricula: Present and future prospects. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 6(1), 91–112. doi: 10.1080/13556509.2012.10798831
Romero-Fresco, P., & Martínez, J. (2015). Accuracy rate in live subtitling: The NER model. In J. Díaz Cintas & R. Baños (Ed.), Audiovisual Translation in a global context: Mapping an ever-changing landscape (pp. 28–50). London, England: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9781137552891_3
Romero-Fresco, P. (2018). In support of a wide notion of media accessibility: Access to content and access to creation. Journal of Audiovisual Translation, 1(1), 187–204. Retrieved from https://www.jatjournal.org/index.php/jat
Romero-Fresco, P., & Pöchhacker, F. (2017). Quality assessment in interlingual live subtitling: The NTR model. Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series: Themes in Translation Studies, 16, 149–167. Retrieved from https://lans-tts.uantwerpen.be/index.php/LANS-TTS/index
Sadowska, A. (2014). Audiodeskrypcja do ilustracji w prasie: Wskazówki dla trenerów szkolących audiodeskryptorów [Audio description for press illustrations: Guidelines for trainers]. Przekładaniec, 28, 124–139. doi:10.4467/16891864PC.14.009.1716
Snyder, J. (2014). The visual made verbal: A comprehensive training manual and guide to the history and applications of audio description. Arlington, VA: American Council of the Blind.
Training Agency. (1989). Enterprise in higher education: Key features of the EHE proposals.Sheffield, England: Employment Department Group.
Vidal, A. (2004). La audiodescripción: Una herramienta de ayuda para los ciegos. Integración: Revista de la Asociación de Implantados Cocleares, 32, 30–31. Retrieved from http://integracion.implantecoclear.org/index.php


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· 915 Reviews
Prince Of Wales Theatre, Piccadilly
Those Latter Day Saints won't know what hit 'em with 'Book of Mormon' tickets
"The best musical of this century."
It's little wonder that 'Book of Mormon' tickets remain in such high demand – this brilliant West End theatre show is still one of the hottest in town. Why? Brilliantly catchy, hilarious tunes and some of the most disgraceful and distasteful humour you'll ever see on a London stage. Well, 'Book of Mormon' is from the guys behind South Park and Avenue Q: what else would you expect? But 'Book of Mormon' tickets won't be getting your access to a show that relies on uncultured Bible-bashing gags – this is a very clever and nuanced look at religion that'll give your grey matter as much of a workout as your laughter lines. Want a taste of what 'Book of Mormon' tickets will serve up? The tale follows the story of two naive young Mormon missionaries sent to a remote Ugandan village to spread the word of the 'Book of Mormon'. There they run into a brutal warlord, poverty, sex with frogs and many more things that are really very funny but probably not the kind of thing your grandma would be proud of. Sure, you'll have to buy 'Book of Mormon' tickets to see just how brilliantly brilliant this West End show really is, but rest assured: this really is one of the best theatre shows you'll ever see. Have faith. ★★★★★ 'It's hilarious. God have mercy upon my soul.' - Sunday Telegraph 'The hit of the year.' - The Times ★★★★ 'Indecently funny. The killer whale of comedy.' - The Evening Standard 'A work of genius. Could this be the new golden age for musicals?' - The Guardian ★★★★ 'Brash, crude, and offensive. A massive hit.' - The Independent ★★★★★ 'Fearlessly stuffed with foul expletives, full-frontal filth, profound political incorrectness and blasphemy. Screamingly entertaining.' - Mail On Sunday ★★★★ 'A blast. Lord, these Mormons move in hilarious ways.' - The Independent on Sunday ★★★★★ 'It's not just great: it's Mormonumental' - Huffington Post 'Book of Mormon' tickets, show and theatre information 'Book of Mormon' tickets are available for performances at the Prince of Wales theatre on Coventry Street, in London's West End. The nearest tube station to the Prince of Wales theatre is Piccadilly Circus, but Leicester Square and Charing Cross (underground and overground) are both within walking distance. 'Book of Mormon' performances take place from Monday - Saturday from 7.30pm, with matinees on Wednesday and Saturday at 2.30pm. Occasional Friday matinees take place, too (also at 2.30pm). 'Book of Mormon' running time is 2 hours and 20 minutes, which includes a 15-minute interval. Premium tickets are available. Captioned performances are also available - please check with the box office. Suitable for ages 18 and over. Contains frequent explicit language. Runtime: 2 hours 30 minutes, with one 15-minute intermission. All ticket prices for The Book Of Mormon are inclusive of any booking fees: Time Out will not charge you any additional amounts for your tickets.When booking tickets, you can pick your seat from the seatmap once you've selected a date. For your comfort and security, you may be subject to additional checks on your visit to London theatres. Your patience and understanding is appreciated while these take place. Valid ID required for ticket collection. West End theatre ticket sales are final and bookings cannot be amended, exchanged or refunded (unless of course the performance is cancelled). All listed offers are subject to availability and can be withdrawn at any time.
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Experiential programs as short as 1 hour and educational classes that cater to any skill level and interest.
All of our lessons start with a brief (15-20min) lesson that covers basic belay skills and climbing safety, then the participants have the remaining time to apply these skills and climb. In longer programs, Instructors can include additional rope skills, movement lessons and/or rappelling.
After learning bouldering safety and falling techniques (5min) participants receive free bouldering time as well as directed movement lesson(s) supported by engaging games and challenges.


text:
Fidra var en yacht, som  åren 1920–1922 gjorde en världsomsegling med svensk besättning av sjöofficerare och yrkessjömän.

Byggnad
Fidra byggdes i England för Lord Dunravens räkning, känd för sina America's Cup-utmanare och fick då namnet Cariad. Den andre ägaren Frank Chaplin ändrade namnet till Fidra efter ön Fidra i Skottland. Hon köptes år 1919 av Sune Tamm.

Världsomsegling
Världsomseglingen gjordes med start och mål i Karlskrona och gick via Magellans sund över Stilla havet till Japan och åter via Suezkanalen.

Källor

Fritidsbåtar
Kölbåtar


Hydrolyzed collagen intake increases bone mass of growing rats trained with running exercise.
Some studies have shown that dietary hydrolyzed collagen peptides (HC) effectively prevent age-related bone loss. However, it is not known whether the intake of HC also has positive effect on bone mass or strength when combined with exercise during growth phase.
We examined the effects of 11 weeks of HC intake and running exercise on bone mass and strength in growing rats. Rats were randomized into four groups, the 20% casein group (Casein20), the 40% casein group (Casein40), the 20% HC group (HC20), and the 40% HC group (HC40). Each group was further divided into exercise groups (Casein20 + Ex, Casein40 + Ex, HC20 + Ex, HC40 + Ex) and non-exercise group (Casein20, Casein40, HC20, HC40). In the HC intake groups, 30% of casein protein was replaced with HC. Exercise group rats were trained 6 days per week on a treadmill (25-30 m/min, 60 min) for 60 days. After being sacrificed, their bone mineral content (BMC) and bone strength were evaluated.
Exercise and dietary HC effects were observed in the adjusted BMC of lumbar spine and tibia among the 20% protein groups (p < 0.001 for exercise; p < 0.05 for dietary HC, respectively). These effects were also noted in the adjusted wet weight and dry weight of femur among the 20% protein groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 for exercise; p < 0.01, p < 0.001 for dietary HC, respectively). On the other hand, in adjusted bone breaking force and energy, dietary HC effect was not significant. Among the 40% protein groups, similar results were obtained in the adjusted BMC, femoral weight, bone breaking force, and energy. There were no differences between the 20% protein groups and the 40% protein groups.
The present study demonstrated that moderate HC intake (where the diet contains 20% protein, of which 30% is HC) increased bone mass during growth period and further promoted the effect of running exercise. On the other hand, a higher HC intake (where the diet contains 40% protein, of which 30% is HC) had no more beneficial effect on bone mass than the moderate HC intake.
Hydrolyzed collagen improves bone metabolism and biomechanical parameters in ovariectomized mice: an in vitro and in vivo study.
Collagen has an important structural function in several organs of the body, especially in bone and cartilage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrolyzed collagen on bone metabolism, especially in the perspective of osteoporosis treatment and understanding of its mechanism of action. An in vivo study was carried out in 12-week-old female C3H/HeN mice. These were either ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (SHAM) and fed for 12 weeks with a diet containing 10 or 25 g/kg of hydrolyzed collagen. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), marker of bone resorption, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), marker of bone formation, were assayed after 4 and 12 weeks. Femur biomechanical properties were studied by a 3-point bending test and bone architecture by microtomography. The BMD for OVX mice fed the diet including 25 g/kg of hydrolyzed collagen was significantly higher as compared to OVX mice. The blood CTX level significantly decreased when mice were fed with either of the diets containing hydrolyzed collagen. Finally, we have shown a significant increase in bone strength correlated to geometrical changes for the OVX mice fed the 25 g/kg hydrolyzed collagen diet. Primary cultures of murine bone cells were established from the tibia and femur marrow of BALB/c mice. The growth and differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts cultured with different concentrations (from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/mL) of bovine, porcine or fish hydrolyzed collagens (2 or 5 kDa) were measured. Hydrolyzed collagens (2 or 5 kDa) in the tissue culture medium did not have any significant effects on cell growth as compared to controls. However, there was a significant and dose-dependent increase in ALP activity, a well-known marker of osteogenesis, and a decrease in octeoclast activity in primary culture of bone cells cultured with hydrolyzed collagens (2 kDa only) as compared to the control. It is concluded that dietary hydrolyzed collagen increases osteoblast activity (as measured in primary tissue culture), which acts on bone remodeling and increases the external diameter of cortical areas of the femurs.


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U.S. home prices rise on strong demand and limited inventory. Yale University Economic Professor Robert Shiller also speaks about the economy and the 2016 presidential race on "Bloomberg Markets.".
Why would a seller choose to sell prior to going on the market? I've been asked this several times. Yes, Nashville is in a seller's market. Yes, if you are priced right for what you are then it's likely you could get multiple offers. Yes, the final contract price could go over list price. But, what if you don't want to get your house in perfect condition? What if you want to sell as-is, quickly or maybe you have your eye on another property you want to buy? What if you have pets or kids and don't want to deal with trying to live immaculately while strangers traipse through your house non-stop through the weekend? Tied to each house is an owner and people have different priorities. A lot of times, the most money is the most important to sellers but what if you could get your list price and not have to deal with showings? What if you could avoid all the frenzy of multiple offers where sometimes the winning buyer ends up with buyer's remorse and backs out? There can be great value in selling pre-market. There is truth in "A bird in the hand is better than one in the nest". There can also be great rewards with great risk. A good agent will explain the pros and cons and guide you towards your desired outcome, be it bird in hand or reaching for the bird in the nest.
To be on the market over the holidays or not to be, that is the question.
The answer…it's different for everyone.
If you aren't going to be home – have your house professionally cleaned, lock the door and don't worry. Tell your agent showing availability is wide open until the day you return. Now go enjoy your time with family and friends. If you are spending the holidays in your home for sale – buyer traffic may be lower, but those shopping in December are serious. You never know when someone may be pressed to close a transaction before the end of the year or meet a 1031 exchange deadline. You can always put a restriction on showings for the days when family may gather or when you just may need to lay around in your pajamas with the cat and dog amidst the wrapping paper strewn about.


In addition, the experiment, even though unethical, opened up a topic that needed to be talked about and studied by science. They were also volunteers and the majority of the population is unlikely to volunteer to take part in research and those who do may be atypical of the target population in some way. In another scenario where Yale undergraduates were used as subjects, 60 percent of them were obedient to the experimenter. Milgram discovers that the majority of participants do obey to authority. Use premise of an electric-shock generator with 30 clearly marked voltage levels that ranged from 15 to 450 volts. Each subject was told that his task was to help another subject like himself learn a list of word pairs.
Quite a common sign of tension was nervous laughing fits 14 out of 40 participants , which seemed entirely out of place, even bizarre. Qualitative Results Participants sweated, trembled, stuttered, bit their lips, groaned, dug fingernails into their flesh, and these were typical not exceptional responses. In each of these conditions, Milgram found somewhat similar results, though the physical and therefore emotional, distance of the learner from the teacher affected the amount of obedience. Surprisingly, Milgram found that 65 percent of participants were willing to deliver the maximum level of shocks on the orders of the experimenter. This was to make a teacher believe that the shock generator was real. Factors That Increase Obedience Milgram found that subjects were more likely to obey in some circumstances than others. Throughout the process, participants are exposed to various indications about the intensity of the experiment.
The more words that the learner forgets the shock voltage is raised. In some versions of the study, the person playing the learner noted that they were worried about the experiment because they had a heart condition, so they were worried about the shocks, at which point the experimenter would explain to them not to worry, that the shocks would be painful but not dangerous. Also, after revealing the deception, subjects may feel used, embarrassed, or distrustful of psychologists and future authority figures in their lives Baumrind, 1964. Milgram excluded students from the study because he completed pilot study with only students and concluded that there is something fundamentally different about students. Procedure The participants, when they arrived at the psychology laboratory, were given an introduction on the relationship between punishment and learning. Also, level of tension was unanticipated.
Milgram carried out a variation in which the experimenter was called away because of a phone call right at the start of the procedure. That means 26 participants were obedient and administered a complete round of electric shocks, while only 14 were defiant. In the first execution of the experiment. The majority of the teachers would show concern once the learners began showing signs of discomfort. The Milgram experiment consisted of a teacher, learner, and the experimenter.
Virtually one thousand adults were observed in this experiment, and several different conditions were launched to find a limit to which the candidate would continue the order from the experimenter or refuse the order and end the experiment. Situational explanation — the situation they were in influenced them to behave in the way that they did. Generally because it allows their results to be more accurate, reliable and valid. The usefulness of the study is also limited in the sense that although the study tells us that we have a tendency to follow people with authority, it does very little to explain why this occurs. At 375 volts a further 9 participants refused to go further 26 or 65% of the participants went to 450 volts, which was the maximum level of shock that could possibly be administered. As one of the few psychological experiments to have such an attention grabbing significance, Milgram discovered a hidden trait of the human psyche that seemed to show a hidden psychotic in even the most demure person. However, you would still be testing what Milgram tested i.
After the horrors of the Holocaust, some people, such as Eichmann, explained their participation in the atrocities by suggesting that they were just doing as they were commanded. Further potential reasons for the level of obedience witnessed include: — Worthy purpose of the study — the participant thought that the experiment had a noble purpose. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Milgram also placed warnings on the shock generator, which corresponded to levels of electric shock. This meant that emotional factor were likely to occur.
He just confirmed this belief. It was conducted in a controlled environment with electronic equipment the shock-generator. Obedience, as determinant of behavioral, is as of particular relevance to our time. So, the participants were faced with a complication, hurt another human being by following an authority or resist the authority and stop the experiment before they severely hurt another human being. Procedure Upon arriving to Yale University and being met by the experimenter who was wearing a grey lab coat.
The unsuspecting subject of… 991 Words 4 Pages In 1963 a psychologist named Stanley Milgram conducted one of the greatest controversial experiments of all time. For example, you must debrief the participants at the end. The victim was an actor who was 47 years old and came across as likeable. Directions Part I : This is a two-part assignment and in this first part of the assignment, you are to review, and analyze the Stanley Milgram article provided by your professor. He changed career goals in his.
After the experimenter had used all four prods if the participant refused to continue the experiment was stopped and the participant was debriefed. This assignment is worth a possible 50 points. The power of this inhibiting factor must have been greater than the experienced stress, and it is here that Milgram 1963 points to the force that the situation carries in itself. Prod 2: The experiment requires you to continue. He assigned each of the subjects to the role of teacher. It is absolutely essential that you continue. The experiment was held at Yale University, to increase the perceived legitimacy, and the participants were told they were involved in a study regarding the relationship between punishment and learning Milgram, 1974.
Milgram 1974 further stipulated that every situation has a kind of ideology, which is the interpretation of the meaning of a situation. The study had to be discontinued after a mere six days even though it was originally slated to last two weeks. Guidelines stipulate that participants must take part on a voluntary basis and that they are free to withdraw at any point, that they are debriefed following the study and that there is an acceptable outcome of the research without harm being caused to subjects British Psychological Society, 2009. If he recites the words incorrectly the teacher has to administer a shock to the learner. Many of the studies have reported even higher obedience rates than those seen in Milgram's American samples.


Trump closed with an extension of his "America first" ethos: he wants other nations to also be more patriotic and more nationalist. And he used a quote from John Adams to claim that the revolution was "effected" before the fighting started. Trump carries this further, saying that the people "realized they were a nation" before the fighting started. That's a big leap.
The list below includes other stray historical uses of the past grabbed from the White House Press Office transcripts and the Congressional Record. Soon these will be part of a searchable database and visualization.
It was in the same period, exactly 70 years ago, that the United States developed the Marshall Plan to help restore Europe. … The Marshall Plan was built on the noble idea that the whole world is safer when nations are strong, independent, and free.
To overcome the perils of the present and to achieve the promise of the future, we must begin with the wisdom of the past.
One of the greatest American patriots, John Adams, wrote that the American Revolution was "effected before the war commenced. The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people.". That was the moment when America awoke, when we looked around and understood that we were a nation. We realized who we were, what we valued, and what we would give our lives to defend.
We are a nation in which every generation has expanded access, has expanded opportunity. Over 50 years ago, when Medicare and Medicaid Programs were formed, expanding access to healthcare for the elderly, expanding access to healthcare for the sick, expanding access to healthcare for hard-working, low-income people, that was an advancement forward.
In 1845, Congress set Tuesday as Election Day because it was the easiest day for farmers–then travelling by horse and buggy–to make it to the polls in the course of their regular Tuesday trips to bring goods to market. Tuesday voting has no such benefit for farmers, or anyone else, in the 21st Century.
In the last 64 years, American ground forces have not lost a single life to an enemy air strike — pretty amazing — and that is truly a testament to the strategy and skill of American airmen and the essential role you play in our national defense.
Q Mr. President, the severity of these storms — the one in Florida, the one in Texas — has that made you rethink your views of climate change?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, we've had bigger storms than this. And if you go back into the 1930s and the 1940s, and you take a look, we've had storms over the years that have been bigger than this. If you go back into the Teens, you'll see storms that were as big or bigger. So we did have two horrific storms, epic storms. But if you go back into the '30s and '40s, and you go back into the Teens, you'll see storms that were very similar and even bigger, okay?.
And at this very moment, we're working with the Congress to pass what will be the largest investment in military readiness since the days of Ronald Reagan.
And we've had a tremendous relationship for the last short period of time, especially since our meeting in Saudi Arabia, which I think was an epic and very important — really a very historic meeting.
If the Founding Fathers were looking at this Chamber now and watching, they would be turning over in their graves. An America founded on debate and discussion and sunlight is veering off all of that in a really nasty way. There is no regular order here.
In fact, the wait to confirm Makan Delrahim is the longest for someone appointed to this position in 40 years. Not since the Carter administration has a new administration been forced to wait this long to fill the vacancy at the Antitrust Division. President Carter's wait was largely due to the fact that he took more than twice as long to nominate an Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division than did President Trump.
The stock market is at an all-time high — a record. Unemployment is at its lowest level in 16 years, and because of our regulatory and other reforms, we have more people working in the United States today than ever before.


text:
Epik High successfully kickstarts "Parade 2014" concert tour in Seoul
Epik High's Tablo releases personal photos taken from their concert as they launch Parade 2014 in Seoul, South Korea over the weekend.
From November 14 to 16th, Epik High kickstarted their concert tour Parade 2014 in held at Blue Square Samsung Card Hall in Seoul, South Korea. The concert managed to mobilise a total of 12,000 fans as they witness Epik High's first official concert after five years.
Epik High performed the tracks from their latest album Shoebox, along with previous hits Fly, One, Love Love Love and more. Younha also appeared as the show's special guest performing "Umbrella" and "We Fight Ourselves."
To support Epik High, Lee Junki, along with fellow YG Entertainment artists such as Akdong Musician, Lee Hi, 2NE1's Dara, WINNER were spotted attending the event. Tablo's wife Kang Hye Jung and his daughter Haru were reported to have been present on the 3rd concert day, where the group had to tone down swear words from their performances.
After their concert in Seoul, Epik High will be heading to China and Japan before going domestically to Daegu, Incheon and Busan by December.
Post by EPIK HIGH.


Our good friends had a stack of pallets that they used for seating at a party. After the party, they were kind enough to give some of them to me. I cut the pallets apart and chose woods of differing types. After cutting the various boards into the chevron shape, I used a variety of stains laying around/borrowed to create this look. The topper is used in the summer to cover the fire pit. In the winter, the topper is stored in-doors.


text:
Corpse Call Girl.
Adam helps Jack, Phyllis makes a choice, and Noah's trouble worsens.
At home, Kevin tells Chloe they're broke. Chloe models her stakeout outfit. Kevin says that plan is dead. They bicker about it. Chloe says they're turning it in for a reward! Kevin protests that Noah may not even have the money. He tells Chloe, "No more chipmunk." Chloe sighs when he says he'll figure something out.
At the Club, Daniel tries to convince Phyllis to come to Savannah. He thinks people in Genoa City could live without her for a couple of weeks. Phyllis says Summer needs her right now. Daniel says he's going to Crimson Lights to help Kevin out and then will see Summer. Phyllis says she loves him. Daniel spots Noah on his way out. He asks about New York and Noah says he has no ties. Daniel goes, and Alex appears to confront Noah about his calls to Adriana. He warns Noah to help him find her - he knows she stole half a million dollars and sent it to him. Noah chuckles nervously. Alex warns if he's lying to him, he'll take him down.
Jack wakes up on his sofa. The woman from the bar is passed out on his floor.
Chelsea and Adam kiss on their sofa. He asks where she wants to go to start over. Chelsea talks about Chloe being broke, but doesn't want to stay for her business. Adam gets a frantic call from Jack saying he needs his help and leaves. Chloe arrives and groans when Chelsea admits they're back together. She tells Chloe they're leaving Genoa City. Chloe remarks on her having to move to keep Adam from Sharon. Chelsea says they can still do the business. Chloe nixes the whole thing. "He's going to break your heart."
At Jack's place, Adam finds the woman on the floor is dead. Jack has no idea how it happened. Adam asks Jack if he gave her any pills. Jack doesn't know. Adam finds ecstasy pills in her purse and deduces she OD'd. Jack says he'll be ruined - the body has to go away. Adam tells him there's a news truck outside - he's been set up. Adam tells Jack to phone 911 with chest pains and meet the ambulance outside. He'll take care of the rest.
Avery arrives at the tackhouse and Summer tries to get rid of her. Avery implores her to talk about what's going on. Summer says it's too late. Avery prompts her to discuss the situation in vague terms. Phyllis arrives, so Avery takes off. Summer tells her mother she and Fen broke up. Phyllis tells her all about Daniel and says she was thinking of going to help them get settled. Summer urges her to go. Phyllis asks about the boy trouble. Summer says they'll talk when she returns. Phyllis lets her know she's awesome. Summer leaves Jamie a message - she wants to explain.
At Crimson Lights, Kevin and Daniel bicker about the plan to find the money. Phyllis arrives to find Daniel's left. Avery appears. Phyllis tells her about Savannah and asks her to look in on Summer. They trade a few insults until Avery gets a call that Jack's had a heart attack.
Adam gives a press conference outside Jack's house, saying business will go on at Newman and he's off to visit his friend.
At Jack's house later, Adam warns him to act like a person who had a heart attack even though they paid off the doctor to say so. He tells him he dealt with the body. Adam tells Jack she was a prostitute and Victor probably planned to have the press document her walk of shame. Adam says he saved his life and insists that Jack go to rehab. Adam will tell about the corpse call girl if he doesn't. Later, Phyllis arrives. Jack tells her he's in trouble and needs her help.
Noah gets home and finds the bag of money missing.
At home, Kevin scratches blackjack tickets. Chloe enters with the bag of money. Kevin hollers, "No, no!"
Adam arrives home and tells Chelsea that Jack had a heart attack - they can't leave town. Chelsea wants him to pick her over Newman.
Genoa City Spoilers for Tomorrow on The Young and the Restless:
Tyler asks Lily if something's bothering her.
Phyllis asks Daniel to keep something confidential.
Victoria tells Victor he's relentless, and that's not exactly a compliment.
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Biggest Liar.
Don't Close The Door.


MANISTEE — The Ramsdell Center for the Arts will host a volunteer event this week.
The Ramsdell Volunteer Get-Together will be held from 6-7 p.m. on April 19 in Hardy Hall at the Ramsdell.
This special event will be invaluable for both current and past volunteers and those interested in beginning their Ramsdell volunteer experience.
The Get-Together is an opportunity for volunteers to meet with staff and board members and to get a behind-the-scenes updates on 2018 events. Volunteers will get the chance to mingle and meet each other over beverages and appetizers. Training days and times will be available for new volunteers and scheduled at a later day.
New volunteers are needed, and there are a wide variety of opportunities available that will fit a variety of schedules, interests and skills.
"We decided to hold the event during this year's National Volunteer Week. There couldn't be a better time for this gathering to honor all of the great work our volunteers do and welcome new members to our family. We look forward to seeing you there," Xavier Verna, executive director.


Similar in colour and appearance to European oak.
White oak is mostly straight grained with a medium to coarse texture, with longer rays than red oak. White oak therefore has more figure.
Also known as Northern White Oak, Southern White Oak.


We did a preliminary energy assessment last month for a site which has been managed by our IFM team for over three years. Some recommendations for potential energy savings have now been provided, but I was surprised to learn that the buildings were able to acquire LEED certification after we completed our site assessment.
To start with, inefficiencies were found in the construction and installation of the MEP systems. For the cooling water distribution system, the secondary pump's chiller water system was designed but there is only one VFD installed for one pump, so other secondary pumps are running constantly.
Cooling time demand differences in different buildings, but central chilled water is supplied to all buildings including the production and office buildings. Thus, the chilled water circulation and local fans are running while the office buildings are unoccupied.
There are big differences in delivery distance of the two chilled water loops, but with the same supply water pressure difference.
Very low supply/return temperature differences compared with the design.
The building automation system is installed, but its main function is monitoring and on/off control of selected units, so the main equipment is still in manual control.
A storm water treatment system was installed for the campus, but it has never been used because of its high operation cost compared to using reclaimed water.
Better commissioning practices are important to avoid these kinds of deficiencies. Although the project may get energy savings in energy modeling (LEED points), the operating condition of the systems and equipment in the model have never existed in the actual construction of the building or the installation of the systems, and can't even be found in the design drawings. This case goes to show that the verification process is very important for real energy savings and sustainable operations.


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Avianca's Future Flow Financing – Not Quite Déjà Vu
Douglas A. Doetsch
Richard G. Ziegler
The Colombian airline Aerovias Nacionales de Colombia S.A. – Avianca ("Avianca") has made a habit of accessing the structured credit markets by monetizing its expected stream of credit card receivables, filing for U.S. Chapter 11 protection when in distress, and then challenging the structured credit agreements to which it had committed. Recently, Avianca reached a settlement with the lenders to its existing future flow receivables transaction, entered into in December 2017, which will result in a restructured loan facility. Unlike in Avianca's 2003 challenge to its then existing credit card financing, the settlement agreed to for the current transaction affirms the fundamental future flow sale structure but at the price of concessions on interest rate and maturity by Avianca's USAV lenders (as well as a release of debt service reserve account).
In the current financing transaction, Avianca sold all existing and future credit card receivables under card processing agreements with American Express, Master Card and Credomatic to USAVflow Limited, a Cayman Islands orphan special purpose entity ("USAV"). Avianca received an initial payment of $150 million plus future payments equal to collections on future receivables in excess of certain reserved amounts (basically amounts sufficient to pay USAV's debt service). USAV financed the purchase by a $150 million loan from a syndicate of lenders, agented by Citibank, N.A. This transaction structure varied in one key respect from the future flow receivables structure that Avianca entered into in 1998, in that the purchaser of the receivables from Avianca in that transaction was a New York common law trust – strengthening the New York nexus of the transaction.
Avianca, like most airlines, experienced a dramatic drop in traffic in the spring of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic – meaning that revenue dropped to almost nothing with no immediate recovery in sight. On May 10, 2020, Avianca filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy case with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. The bankruptcy filing constituted a cash retention event under the financing documents, and Citibank as agent delivered a notice of such cash retention event that resulted in the lenders sweeping all payments on the receivables owned by USAV to a collateral account for the benefit of lenders. This cash trap effectively stopped the payment of the additional purchase price payments to Avianca.
Consequently, Avianca launched multiple legal challenges to the future flow financing structure. These challenges mirrored the motions filed by Avianca in its 2003 Chapter 11 proceeding seeking to set aside its then-existing future flow financing of credit card receivables. (The outcome of those earlier challenges is unknown because Avianca and its creditors entered into a confidential settlement agreement, but there are considerable market suspicions that the settlement required the creditors to take a "haircut" on principal owed).
First, Avianca filed a motion to reject the Receivables Sale and Purchase Agreement with USAV and other related financing documents as executory contracts, with the hope of being freed from its obligations to continue to sell future receivables to USAV. Secondly, Avianca filed a complaint seeking to recharacterize the Colombian law sale of receivables to USAV as a disguised financing. The effect of recharacterization would have been to cut off the Lenders' ownership rights on post-petition receivables and thus free up collections on post-petition receivables for Avianca. The Bankruptcy Court granted in part and denied in part the motion to reject the financing agreement, and both USAV and the Lenders filed a notice of appeal. Thereafter, Avianca filed a complaint against USAV and Citibank seeking a declaration that the application of funds from USAV's Collection Account and Debt Service Reserve Account to repay the loan violated the automatic stay under Chapter 11. The settlement will resolve the appeal of the rejection order, Avianca's complaint seeking to recharacterize the sale, and the complaint regarding violation of the automatic stay.
In the settlement, Avianca will acknowledge that the sale of receivables to USAV is a "final, definitive and irrevocable true sale and transfer" – which is a victory for the future flow structure based on a Colombian law "true sale" of the future receivables. However, the settlement modifies the transaction terms. Payments swept by the lenders after the bankruptcy filing (approximately $30.7 million) will be applied to the USAV debt owing to the lenders resulting in an immediate and substantial paydown of USAV debt. However, following approval of the settlement, collections on credit card receivables will be paid to Avianca after deduction for interest and covered expenses. After giving effect to the paydown of USAV debt from trapped cash, the amount of the outstanding debt is established at $66,962,332.85. The amortization schedule will be modified to consist of monthly payments of $697,524, with a balance of $33,481,166.43 owed on the maturity date (extended to December 31, 2025). And the interest rate will be modified to LIBOR plus 1.00% (reduced from LIBOR + 4.75%), with a 25 basis point increase on each anniversary of the settlement date. The settlement introduces numerous amendments to the existing transaction documents in order to facilitate DIP financing and a plan of reorganization for Avianca. Finally, if the Collection Coverage Ratio exceeds a certain threshold, the Lenders agree to release their lien on one of the Visa, Amex or Mastercard receivables, provided that post-release, certain parameters are met.
Although the settlement respects the basic structure of the future flow transaction (which is good news for future flow financings generally), the settlement highlights that such transactions face risks in U.S. Chapter 11 proceedings. Accordingly, creditors can be expected to be wary of such structure with companies in industries prone to U.S. Chapter 11 filings (the airline industry being a prime example), unless robust mitigation provisions can be structured into the transactions in these industries.
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