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tribal justice systems
2017 US DOJ Coordinated Tribal Assistance Solicitation (CTAS)
December 16, 2016 Kate Fort
Meant to post this sooner, but the CTAS applications are up and due February 28th. These grants provide can support to tribal courts and tribal justice systems:
In Fiscal Year 2010, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) launched the Coordinated Tribal Assistance Solicitation (CTAS) initiative, which encompassed most of the Department's available Tribal government-specific grant programs. Through CTAS the Department has awarded over 1,600 grants totaling more than $722 million to hundreds of American Indian and Alaska Native communities. The Tribes are using these funds to enhance law enforcement, bolster justice systems, prevent and control delinquency, strengthen the juvenile justice system, serve sexual assault and elder victims, and support other efforts to combat crime.
Author: Kate E. Fort, tribal courtsCOPS, CTAS, DOJ, Grant, OJP, OVW, tribal justice systems, VAWA
Allegheny College Conference: "Democracy Realized? The Legacies of the Civil Rights Movement"
March 28, 2014 March 28, 2014 Matthew L.M. Fletcher
Description here.
I'll be presenting a survey paper on tribal justice systems. Paper here.
Home of the Allegheny Alligators
Author: Matthew L.M. Fletcher, Scholarship, Symposia, tribal courtsAllegheny College, tribal justice systems
Fletcher Paper on "Tribal Justice Systems"
January 13, 2014 Matthew L.M. Fletcher
I drafted a paper titled "Tribal Justice Systems" for the Allegheny College Undergraduate Conference "Democracy Realized? The Legacies of the Civil Rights Movement" and posted it on SSRN. You can download here.
Here is the abstract:
This short paper is produced for the Allegheny College conference Democracy Realized? The Legacies of the Civil Rights Movement (March 28-29, 2014).
United States Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black, a former member of the Ku Klux Klan, authored the Court's opinion in Williams v. Lee, a decision hailed as the opening salvo in the modern era of federal Indian law. The Williams decision was the work of the liberal wing of the Court, with important input by Chief Justice Warren and Justices Brennan and Douglas. Williams, a ringing endorsement of inherent tribal governance authority, more specifically endorsed tribal justices systems as embodied in tribal courts. Without Williams and similar cases, it is unlikely that tribal governments and Congress would act to develop tribal justice systems. Williams, and the tribal courts that arose as a result, was a powerful civil rights decision that commentators rightfully have linked to Brown v. Board of Education.
This paper will survey several tribal justice systems in an effort to identify commonalities and complexities. There are hundreds of tribal justice systems in the United States; each of them unique in the details, but many of them similar to other tribal, state, and federal courts.
The paper is divided into three sections. The first two parts include a section on adversarial tribal justice systems and a section on non-adversarial tribal justice systems, often called restorative justice systems. The third part involves greater discussion of the complexities of incorporating tribal customary and traditional law into tribal common law.
In case one wonders, "Representing Justice" by Judith Resnik and Dennis Curtis influenced the paper.
Author: Matthew L.M. Fletcher, Scholarship, tribal constitutions, tribal courtsBrown v. Board of Education, chippewa, Grand Traverse Band, little traverse bay bands, Navajo Nation, Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi, odawa, ottawa, Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Santee Sioux Nation, tribal constitutions, tribal courts, tribal customary and traditional law, tribal justice systems, tribal law, Williams v. Lee
NAICJA Resolution Calling for Federal Consultation with Tribal Justice Systems
NAICJA Res 2013-001_Consultation
Author: Matthew L.M. Fletcher, Research, tribal courtsNAICJA, National American Indian Court Judges Association, tribal consultation, tribal courts, tribal justice systems
Long Term Plan to Build and Enhance Tribal Justice Systems
August 29, 2011 August 29, 2011 Adrea Korthase1 Comment
Earlier this month the DOI and DOJ released the Long Term Plan to Build and Enhance Tribal Justice Systems. An excerpt:
Central Themes of the Tribal Justice Plan
The following major themes emerged from consultation and public comment:
Establishing alternatives to incarceration should be the major focus.
The Tribal Justice Plan should be implemented in consultation and collaboration with Tribal Leaders and should be flexible enough to allow tribes to develop strategies tailored to their specific public safety needs and tribal history and culture.
The Tribal Justice Plan should coordinate federal, tribal, state and local government resources to support operations, programming in tribal justice systems, and critical infrastructure issues with tribal correctional facilities, fully mindful of the sovereign status of tribes in these coordination efforts.
There should be greater coordination between DOJ and DOI with respect to awards for grants that may be used to construct tribal correctional facilities and multi-purpose justice centers (which may be provided by DOJ) and P.L. 93-638 contracts and self-governance compacts for funding operations (provided only by DOI). The Departments are committed to addressing the issue of coordination to address this and other issues related to detention in Indian country.
Additional links can be found at NCAI.
Author: Adrea Korthase, Legislation, TLOA, tribal courtsBureau of Justice Assistance, Department of Interior, Department of Justice, tribal justice systems
GAO Report on Tribal Justice Systems
March 11, 2011 Matthew L.M. Fletcher
Here is the report, and the highlights.
The description:
The Department of Justice (DOJ) reports from the latest available data that from 1992 to 2001 American Indians experienced violent crimes at more than twice the national rate. The Department of the Interior (DOI) and DOJ provide support to federally recognized tribes to address tribal justice issues. Upon request, GAO analyzed (1) the challenges facing tribes in adjudicating Indian country crimes and what federal efforts exist to help address these challenges and (2) the extent to which DOI and DOJ have collaborated with each other to support tribal justice systems. To do so, GAO interviewed tribal justice officials at 12 tribes in four states and reviewed laws, including the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010, to identify federal efforts to assist tribes. GAO selected these tribes based on court structure, among other factors. Although the results cannot be generalized, they provided useful perspectives about the challenges various tribes face in adjudicating crime in Indian country. GAO also compared DOI and DOJ's efforts against practices that can help enhance and sustain collaboration among federal agencies and standards for internal control in the federal government.
The 12 tribes GAO visited reported several challenges in adjudicating crimes in Indian country, but multiple federal efforts exist to help address some of these challenges. For example, tribes only have jurisdiction to prosecute crimes committed by Indian offenders in Indian country. Also, until the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 (the Act) was passed in July 2010, tribes could only sentence those found guilty to up to 1 year in jail per offense. Lacking further jurisdiction and sentencing authority, tribes rely on the U.S. Attorneys' Offices (USAO) to prosecute crime in Indian country. Generally, the tribes GAO visited reported challenges in obtaining information on prosecutions from USAOs in a timely manner. For example, tribes reported they experienced delays in obtaining information when a USAO declines to prosecute a case; these delays may affect tribes' ability to pursue prosecution in tribal court before their statute of limitations expires. USAOs are working with tribes to improve timely notification about declinations. DOI and the tribes GAO visited also reported overcrowding at tribal detention facilities. In some instances, tribes may have to contract with other detention facilities, which can be costly. Multiple federal efforts exist to help address these challenges. For example, the Act authorizes tribes to sentence convicted offenders for up to 3 years imprisonment under certain circumstances, and encourages DOJ to appoint tribal prosecutors to assist in prosecuting Indian country criminal matters in federal court. Federal efforts also include developing a pilot program to house, in federal prison, up to 100 Indian offenders convicted in tribal courts, given the shortage of tribal detention space. DOI, through its Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and DOJ components have taken action to coordinate their efforts to support tribal court and tribal detention programs; however, the two agencies could enhance their coordination on tribal courts by strengthening their information sharing efforts. BIA and DOJ have begun to establish task forces designed to facilitate coordination on tribal court and tribal detention initiatives, but more focus has been given to coordination on tribal detention programs. For example, at the program level, BIA and DOJ have established procedures to share information when DOJ plans to construct tribal detention facilities. This helps ensure that BIA is prepared to assume responsibility to staff and operate tribal detention facilities that DOJ constructs and in turn minimizes potential waste. In contrast, BIA and DOJ have not implemented similar information sharing and coordination mechanisms for their shared activities to enhance the capacity of tribal courts to administer justice. For example, BIA has not shared information with DOJ about its assessments of tribal courts. Further, both agencies provide training and technical assistance to tribal courts; however, they are unaware as to whether there could be unnecessary duplication. Developing mechanisms to identify and share information related to tribal courts could yield potential benefits in terms of minimizing unnecessary duplication and leveraging the expertise and capacities that each agency brings. GAO recommends that the Secretary of the Interior and the Attorney General direct the relevant DOI and DOJ programs to develop mechanisms to identify and share information related to tribal courts. DOI and DOJ concurred with our recommendation.
Author: Matthew L.M. Fletcher, Criminal, Research, tribal courtsGeneral Accounting Office, Indian Country crime, tribal courts, tribal justice systems


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Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine
Sinking of the Maine – What Happened?
The United States battleship, U.S.S. Maine, was sunk in an explosion amid Cuba's uprising against Spain known as The Cuban War of Independence.
LEFT: The U.S.S. Maine in 1897.
RIGHT: Wreckage of the Maine in Cuban harbor – c1900.
(Library of Congress)
On February 15, 1898, at 9:40pm, an explosion rocked the battleship U.S.S. Maine while in the Havana, Cuba harbor. The explosion tore out the bottom of the ship and sank her, killing 266 officers and members of the crew of 354. The next morning, only a small amount of the huge warship could be seen sticking out of the water. The sinking of the Maine would raise United States' tensions against Spain, which eventually led to a naval blockade against Cuba and a full-on declaration of war.
U.S.S. Maine Battleship – c1897. (Library of Congress)
The battleship U.S.S. Maine entering Havana, Cuba harbor – January 1898. (Public Domain)
The Spanish-American War
While officially on a friendly visit, the U.S.S. Maine, one of the earliest American battleships, had been sent to protect American interests after major rioting broke out in Havana in January. A U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry ruled on March 28, 1898 that the Maine had been sank by a mine, but failed to lay blame on any particular party or nation. However, public opinion throughout the United States believed the Spanish military, whom had been occupying Cuba, was responsible. After diplomatic negotiations failed, the Spanish-American War was declared by the end of April, with Spain declaring war on the United States on April 24th and the United States formally declaring war the next day, on April 25th.
General view of the wrecked battleship U.S.S. Maine shortly after being sunk – Havana Harbor, Cuba – 1898. (Keystone View Company / Library of Congress)
Wreckage of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor, two years after being sunk – c1900. (Library of Congress)
Uneven Contest
The Spanish-American war was truly an uneven contest. The first conflict of the battle was dominated by American Commodore Dewey's fleet on May 1st in Manila Bay, Philippines. In the battle, the Americans destroyed the Spanish fleet quickly and easily, with the Americans suffering a total of only seven sailors injured.
Shortly after the Naval battle, in June of 1898, an American expedition force landed close to the Cuban city of Santiago. On July 1st, Teddy Roosevelt led his band of volunteers – known as the "Rough Riders" – and the African-American 10th Cavalry to take the San Juan Heights above Santiago. Roosevelt's troops faced only minimal resistance and few casualties. The city fell swiftly and Santiago officially surrendered on July 17th.
By this time, the remaining Spanish Cuban Naval fleet had fled Santiago harbor. Unfortunately for the fleet, however, they didn't get far as they were quickly hunted down and found by American battleships. Once the Americans caught-up with the opposing fleet, they destroyed or sunk all enemy ships within four short hours. American troops captured Puerto Rico a few days later, prompting the Spanish government to sue the United States for peace – officially ending fighting in the Spanish-American War.
Many more Americans, by far, were killed by tropical diseases than in the battle itself. Typhoid, malaria, and yellow fever claimed the lives of approximately 4,000 Americans, while only 300 were listed as casualties of war.
With the signing of a peace treaty in Paris, France in December 1898, Spain relinquished the last of its colonies in the "New World." The United States claimed Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and the Pacific island of Guam. In addition to these lands, the United States gained worldwide respect as a super power. In the process, Cuba gained its independence from Spain and Theodore Roosevelt was vaulted to hero status in America. Additionally, poor food supplied to the American troops during the skirmish resulted in the founding of the Food and Drug Act.
Raising the U.S.S. Maine
In the years after the Spanish-American War's end, the United States Congress came under pressure to have the historic vessel raised and returned home. On August 5, 1910, Congress finally gave-in to the pressure and authorized raising the remains of the Maine. The Army Corps of Engineers was tasked with the job and set about building a cofferdam around the sunken ship, pumping out water, and finally removing the wreckage. The ship and remains of sailors found were then removed to be sent back to the United States for proper burial.
Men standing among the wreckage of the U. S. S. Maine after being raised from Havana harbor – 1911.
Twisted wreckage of the U. S. S. Maine after being raised from Havana harbor – 1911.
– Library of Congress
– History Today
– The Spanish-American War Centennial Website
October 14, 2018 / by Brian / in General History, History Mysteries
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We often think of these as colloquial universal laws, because they don't appear to have a measurable scientific correlate (although some of them do). We tend to express these as idioms, proverbs or common sayings but they point to larger universal concepts.
This refers to the laws of karma. Of course I've written a lot about karma in this blog, but when people use this phrase they often mean that someone will get what they deserve (usually this is muttered when someone transgresses us in some way). This law points to the cyclical nature of life, and that what we do, think and feel has a direct correlation to what we will receive in the world. We all come out of the formless and return to it, seasons change, we reap what we sow, etc. This is a fact of our existence, and what we may not have an immediate result in this life, but somewhere down the line of lives you will need to balance the experience.
This is a favorite amongst "New Age" people. However, this does in fact have a scientific correlate that we can measure (which we love to do in Western culture). This law refers to the fact that what we think creates our reality. If we take a pill and believe it will heal us, then it has a higher chance of actually healing us (placebo effect). In this sense the energy of the positive thought of "this will heal me" will often enact a physical reaction in the body that will invoke a healing. However, whether you are healed or not depends on other factors such as the environment of your body at the time, whether your soul wants the healing, the strength of your willpower, your karma etc).
This law applies to negative thinking as well; studies have shown that people that are more negative, anxious or pessimistic tend to be at greater risk for heart disease, stroke and other physical problems. When we meditate and we think of something peaceful, rejuvenating or protective our body responds sympathetically and we have shifted the energy in and around our physical space. So what we think in a large part manifests the world that we live in, so it's a good maxim to remember when things seem to be crumbling around us. Take a look at your thinking and what you could be unconsciously manifesting in your life.
Both are true, and both refer in one way to the magnetic nature of karma. We attract to us that which we need in order to grow. In our relationships this may be an attraction to a type of person that will force us to work on a particular issue (daddy or mommy issues anyone?). If we desire (on a soul level) to learn about attachment we may attract someone who steals all of our money or attracted a burglar (what better way to teach us how to let go of things!). The personality often hates these lessons, but the soul loves them.
If we are a walking ball of negative thinking we will attract situations and people who are negative to match our vibrational frequency. Conversely if we are positive then we attract that which matches that frequency (or we may decide to do a bit of work and attract the opposite in order to test us). Whether we attract a similar or opposite energy to us depends on the need of the moment and the specific focus of what you need to work through, and how your soul (not your personality) has chosen to work through its specific karmic contract.
This particular law relates to attachment. We could interpret this one a couple of ways: The first is that which we cling to tends to slip away from us. Our attachment to an idea, person, story, possession is in many ways a chain that keeps us tethered to the physical world. However, it can become cumbersome to us and to that which we are attached. If we let go of our attachment it seems to follow that what we wanted all along comes back to us, if it doesn't then it wasn't meant to be ours anyway.


Robleh briefed the IsDB official about the functioning of the Union, its ongoing improvement plans in various aspects, and the efforts being made to promote the media work undertaken by the Union in serving the Islamic world and its diverse issues.
After the meeting, Elwaer, who is also an advisor to the president of the IsDB Group, toured the Arabic, English and French editorial sections of the Union. He listened to a detailed explanation from UNA Assistant Director General Zayed Abdullah about the tasks assigned to each section in the follow-up and coverage of the news and issues of the Islamic world.
The IsDB official also toured the UNA Training Center, where Supervisor of the Center Fahad Al-Ghamdi gave a detailed explanation about the activities and the programs of the center to advance the abilities of the media professionals.


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Our Deductibles, Explained: All plans have a January 1 to December 31 deductible. All deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments accumulate toward the out-of-pocket maximum. In-network and out-of-network deductibles and out-of-pocket maximums must be satisfied separately. All plans described on this page, with the exception of the Gold HSA plan, have embedded deductibles for family coverage. This means that if you are enrolled in 2-person or family coverage, an individual family member only has to satisfy the single person deductible before the plan begins to make payment for covered services for that family member. With the Gold HSA, we are required to "aggregate" the deductibles to meet the minimum requirements for HSAs. Aggregate deductibles require a single person in family coverage to meet the family deductible before non-preventive health services are covered.


Powerful images!!!. Imagination to the power. VVV.
Art begets art. A masterful gallery.
Great adds since my last visit ! Great graphical works !
Excellent gallery with wonderful creative photography Jeff. V!
A fantastic gallery, in that by treating the observer as a subject, you've actually altered the message of the work of art being observed.
C'est une galerie superbement réalisée.
Les images sont composées avec soin et imagination et c'est un plaisir de les découvrir.
Such a unique, intriguing gallery. Your creativity never ceases to amaze me. V.
All artistic presentation with calculated exposures and nice details.
A growing gallery over time a great start.
For me it's something completely different. But fascinating. Keep on looking at this.
Very creative work ! The compositions are stunning ! V.
The viewer looks intrigued and makes this image into a beautiful work. Well done, Jeff.


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Results: 2019 ITU World Triathlon Yokohama | Elite Women
1 Katie Zaferes 1989 USA 1 01:52:12 00:18:46 00:00:54 00:58:06 00:00:22 00:34:07
2 Summer Rappaport 1991 USA 16 01:52:33 00:18:47 00:00:57 00:58:03 00:00:22 00:34:25
3 Taylor Spivey 1991 USA 3 01:53:29 00:18:43 00:00:58 00:58:04 00:00:26 00:35:19
4 Yuko Takahashi 1991 JPN 24 01:53:38 00:18:49 00:00:56 00:58:01 00:00:21 00:35:32
5 Georgia Taylor-Brown 1994 GBR 4 01:54:25 00:18:58 00:00:56 00:59:55 00:00:24 00:34:14
6 Jessica Learmonth 1988 GBR 2 01:54:52 00:18:39 00:00:59 00:58:07 00:00:26 00:36:43
7 Maya Kingma 1995 NED 22 01:54:59 00:18:41 00:01:01 00:58:05 00:00:26 00:36:48
8 Non Stanford 1989 GBR 6 01:55:10 00:18:56 00:00:57 00:59:56 00:00:24 00:34:59
9 Tamara Gorman 1996 USA 38 01:55:35 00:18:56 00:00:59 00:59:56 00:00:23 00:35:24
10 Laura Lindemann 1996 GER 18 01:55:43 00:19:39 00:00:57 01:00:12 00:00:23 00:34:34
11 Lotte Miller 1996 NOR 5 01:55:46 00:18:49 00:00:58 00:57:58 00:00:27 00:37:35
12 Vendula Frintova 1983 CZE 11 01:55:52 00:19:32 00:01:01 01:00:15 00:00:23 00:34:42
13 Chelsea Burns 1990 USA 12 01:56:18 00:19:09 00:01:00 01:00:41 00:00:24 00:35:05
14 Natalie Van Coevorden 1992 AUS 15 01:56:22 00:18:57 00:00:57 00:59:56 00:00:25 00:36:09
15 Joanna Brown 1992 CAN 9 01:56:27 00:19:32 00:00:58 01:00:19 00:00:23 00:35:18
16 Annamaria Mazzetti 1988 ITA 23 01:56:36 00:19:26 00:01:00 01:00:24 00:00:22 00:35:26
17 Miriam Casillas García 1992 ESP 31 01:56:43 00:19:35 00:00:56 01:00:18 00:00:28 00:35:28
18 Emma Jeffcoat 1994 AUS 26 01:56:49 00:18:51 00:00:58 01:00:00 00:00:26 00:36:36
19 Verena Steinhauser 1994 ITA 17 01:56:59 00:19:32 00:00:58 01:00:19 00:00:24 00:35:48
20 Alice Betto 1987 ITA 21 01:57:27 00:18:59 00:00:57 00:59:54 00:00:25 00:37:15
21 Jaz Hedgeland 1995 AUS 39 01:57:55 00:19:02 00:00:58 01:00:51 00:00:22 00:36:45
22 Yuka Sato 1992 JPN 36 01:58:08 00:19:34 00:01:01 01:00:16 00:00:25 00:36:53
23 Lisa Perterer 1991 AUT 7 01:58:15 00:19:56 00:00:56 01:01:38 00:00:26 00:35:21
24 Julia Hauser 1994 AUT 14 01:58:17 00:19:53 00:01:01 01:01:37 00:00:24 00:35:24
25 Claire Michel 1988 BEL 19 01:58:19 00:19:52 00:00:58 01:01:40 00:00:24 00:35:27
26 Juri Ide 1983 JPN 27 01:58:27 00:19:18 00:01:08 01:00:25 00:00:22 00:37:17
27 Nicole Van Der Kaay 1996 NZL 29 01:59:15 00:19:32 00:01:01 01:00:17 00:00:22 00:38:06
28 Renee Tomlin 1988 USA 35 01:59:32 00:19:51 00:00:59 01:01:40 00:00:27 00:36:37
29 Leonie Periault 1994 FRA 20 01:59:34 00:19:52 00:01:01 01:01:37 00:00:24 00:36:42
30 Zsófia Kovács 1988 HUN 32 02:00:04 00:19:55 00:00:59 01:01:39 00:00:23 00:37:09
31 Sophie Corbidge 1991 NZL 41 02:00:32 00:19:52 00:01:00 01:01:39 00:00:22 00:37:41
32 Gillian Sanders 1981 RSA 34 02:00:37 00:20:20 00:01:03 01:01:54 00:00:24 00:36:59
33 Niina Kishimoto 1995 JPN 42 02:00:41 00:19:53 00:00:57 01:01:40 00:00:23 00:37:50
34 Cecilia Perez 1991 MEX 28 02:00:44 00:19:53 00:01:02 01:01:38 00:00:26 00:37:48
35 Carolina Routier 1990 ESP 25 02:01:20 00:18:56 00:01:01 01:00:53 00:00:26 00:40:05
36 Romana Gajdošová 1994 SVK 30 02:01:30 00:19:52 00:01:00 01:01:40 00:00:23 00:38:37
37 Kaidi Kivioja 1993 EST 37 02:02:07 00:20:19 00:00:56 01:02:01 00:00:27 00:38:25
38 Kim Kilgroe 1989 PHI 45 02:04:07 00:20:29 00:00:56 01:01:49 00:00:26 00:40:30
39 Sophie Watts 1994 USA 44 02:05:37 00:19:54 00:00:58 01:02:24 00:00:27 00:41:56
LAP Kelly-Ann Perkins 1992 AUS 43 LAP 00:18:48 00:01:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00
LAP Ai Ueda 1983 JPN 33 LAP 00:21:38 00:00:57 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00
DNF Cassandre Beaugrand 1997 FRA 8 DNF 00:18:59 00:00:57 00:59:56 00:00:28 00:00:00
DNF Barbara Riveros 1987 CHI 40 DNF 00:20:00 00:01:03 01:02:14 00:00:27 00:00:00
DNF Ashleigh Gentle 1991 AUS 10 DNF 00:20:26 00:00:57 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00
Technical Delegate: Melody Tan/MAS. Head Referee: Juliet Fahey/NZL. Competition Jury: Melody Tan/MAS, Antonio Fernandez/ESP, Shin Otsuka/JPN.


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The Jute monobloc basin mixer without waste is only available in chrome plated finish (as shown).
Not fitted yet, still waiting for the plumber but all parts look good.
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I had to telephone Tapstore with a querie regarding delivery and received excellent service from an extremely helpful and friendly lady member of staff.
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Service rating : Ordered on a Thursday and was delivered the next day. Brilliant.
Product : Not fitted yet, still waiting for the plumber but all parts look good.


February 2008 Forum Profile Outside your window.
1 year ago Mariolee unlocked the 500K Box Views achievement!
2 years ago Mariolee unlocked the 9 YEAR Veteran achievement!
Exec: 0.16491699 © 2004-2016 VGBoxArt.com. All rights reserved. Crafted in San Francisco by Reed.


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President Barack Obama will try to charm the IOC.
President Obama will travel to Copenhagen to make a pitch for Chicago's Olympic bid, White House officials have confirmed to NBC News.
Obama will leave for Denmark Thursday night, hours after his wife Michelle departs for the vote. The president made the final decision Saturday night after returning from the G20 summit in Pittsburgh.
"He did not want to leave any stone unturned. He is very excited about joining the First Lady for both the final presentation and the question and answer session. The Olympic spirit is about giving it your very best down to finish line and not taking anything for granted. That's what his presence in Copenhagen will demonstrate."
The announcement ends months of speculation of whether the president would lend his considerable fame to the pitch. The president has dropped hints all monthlong that he may attend the event.
Last week he sent an advance team to Copenhagen just in case he could make it and a letter he wrote to select IOC members seemed to hint that he would be there.
His attendance could help catapult Chicago past Madrid, Tokyo and Rio to win the 2016 Summer Games. International Olympic Committee members will vote on which of those four cities should receive the games on October 2. NBCChicago.com will be streaming live coverage of the vote.
The president "hopes to make a strong case for Chicago and America's bid for the Olympics in 2016," Press Secretary Robert Gibbs told White House reporters during a briefing on Monday morning.
"Obviously, the Olympics showcases the country that those Olympics are in and there's a tangible economic benefit to those games being here," Gibbs said.
Obama will round out a team of heavy-hitting supporters including Oprah, Valerie Jarrett, Michelle Obama and Arne Duncan.
The president called Mayor Richard Daley, who left for Copenhagen Friday, at 6:55 a.m. Eastern time to say that he was indeed going to Denmark.
"President Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama symbolize the hope, opportunity and inspiration that makes Chicago great, and we are honored to have two of our city's most accomplished residents leading our delegation in Copenhagen," Daley said in a statement.
Patrick Ryan, CEO of Chicago 2016 is equally enthused.
For complete coverage of Chicago 2016 Olympic bid, click here.


An independent local media group gathering news in Maungtaw Township on 14 and 15 June interviewed Deputy Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement, U Soe Aung, who is in Nga Khu Ya Reception Centre to supervise assistance given to the boat crash survivors from last week.
Q: Can you tell us about the resettlement progress for the boat crash survivors? We've heard some of them are Bangladeshi citizens, so how will you deal with that too?
A: Authorities found 104 boat crash survivors on 11 June and brought them to the reception centre. We know that 12 are from Bangladesh and 92 have previously lived in either Buthidaung or Maungtaw Township.
For the twelve people who claimed to be from Bangladesh, our Immigration Director contacted the Bangladesh Consulate in Sittway. The consul talked with them through a phone but said he wasn't satisfied and will come interview them at an undefined date after 17 June. The twelve Bangladeshi citizens claim they have ID cards and if the consul approves after the interview then we will follow proper diplomatic protocol.
For the remaining 92 people, they have different objectives. Some of them say they were returning from Bangladesh, some were going to Malaysia to work; all twelve Bangladeshi were going to find work in Malaysia; and they had to pay Bangladesh taka (BDT) 20,000 each to the boatmen. The total cost for each of them is said to be BDT 200,000 (approx. MMK 3,221,275).
We think the boat was damaged from bad weather and the boatmen docked at the nearest coast. We have reason to believe the people who claim they are from Buthidaung and Maungtaw have stayed in camps on the Bangladesh side.
We asked them what they would like to do next and they replied they want to resettle back here. But most of them say they still have relatives back in the camps in Bangladesh. So we are contacting their nearest relatives in other villages.
The next step would be building houses for them in the village they are resettling and working with Bangladesh to repatriate their relatives from the camps over there.
Q: When we were talking with the boat crash survivors they told us they didn't receive the repatriation forms from Myanmar during their time in the camps. Can you comment on that?
A: Union Minister Dr. Win Myat Aye faced a similar issue when he visited the camps in Bangladesh. The displaced persons at the camp there told him they didn't receive any sort of forms for repatriation, so the union minister explained it to them.
We have included these forms for repatriation in Myanmar and Bangladesh's agreements and we have sent the forms to Bangladesh as well. We contacted them and taken diplomatic actions to remind them of the importance of the form and distributing them. The previous batch that arrived here are already in the process of resettling in their native towns with the aid and support we agreed to give.
Q: We know that you have build houses for the Mro ethnic people but when we met with people from the Islamic community they said no one's come to rebuild their burned down houses. What is your response to that?
A: We've completed rebuilding the 22 houses burned down in Pantawpyin near Maungtaw and in fact people are already living there. Then there's the ongoing construction of 60 houses Kyainchaung Taung. We signed an MOU with India for the project and the Indian Government selected the company to head the project. We help people rebuild their house as close to their native town as possible.
Q: Can you tell us how many people have returned from Bangladesh, both legally and illegally?
A: Currently no one has returned from Bangladesh legally. A family of five returned of their own choice. A group of 62 people returned sometime ago and now there are 92 people at the centre here.
These people were not returned by the Bangladesh government. They returned of their own choice.


text:
const express = require('express');
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const morgan = require('morgan');
const path = require('path');
const Schema = mongoose.Schema;

const lotSchema = new Schema({
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  status: String,
  coordinates: String,
  name: String,
  dateOfDeath: String,
  info: String
});

const Lot = mongoose.model('Lot', lotSchema);

const app = express();

// For dev purpose only
app.use(function(req, res, next) {
  res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
  res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept");
  next();
});

app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
app.use(bodyParser.json());

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;

const options = { server: { socketOptions: { keepAlive: 1 } } };

try {
  mongoose.connect('mongodb://heavensgardendbuser:h3avensgarden@ds139360.mlab.com:39360/heavensgardendb');
  console.log('connected to mongoDB');
} catch (e) {
  console.log('ERROR: could not connect to mongoDB. Is it running? (use `mongod`)');
  process.exit(1);
}

app.get('/getLots', (req, res) => {
  Lot.find((err, lots) => {
    if (err) return res.status(500).send(err);

    res.send(lots);
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});

app.post('/addLot', (req, res) => {
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  newLot.save((err, lot) => {
    if (err) return res.status(500).send(err);

    res.send(lot);
  });
});

app.post('/update', (req, res) => {
  const obj = JSON.stringify({lotId: req.body.lotId});

  Lot.update({ lotId: req.body.lotId }, { $set: req.body }, (err, lots) => {
    if (err) return res.status(500).send(err);

    res.send(lots);
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});

// Setup logger
app.use(morgan(':remote-addr - :remote-user [:date[clf]] ":method :url HTTP/:http-version" :status :res[content-length] :response-time ms'));

// Serve static assets
app.use(express.static(path.resolve(__dirname, '..', 'build')));

// Always return the main index.html, so react-router render the route in the client
app.get('*', (req, res) => {
  res.sendFile(path.resolve(__dirname, '..', 'build', 'index.html'));
});

module.exports = app;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


My commitment to first-class customer service provided along with up-to-date cost effective collection practices remains steadfast. The Office continues to be in the forefront with the provision of internet services; public access to tax records; and the availability of on-line tax payment option. While these services provide greater flexibility and convenience to the taxpayer, they also serve to reduce operating costs. As President of the Westchester County Association for Receivers, I can easily say the Cortlandt Tax Office is one we can all be proud of.


text:
Tickets
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Tickets for Bukkit with web interface


Lucrative revenue streams still bring in millions of dollars, but renewed sexual abuse allegations could threaten sponsorships, experts say.
Pet owners flocked to the second annual PetCon to learn how to turn their pets into social media stars.
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Is that an #Ad? Or does she just really love her mattress?
Katie Notopoulos investigates celebrity social media for improperly labeled ads.
Wolfgang Puck tells the unlikely story of how he built a culinary empire.
Photographers aren't too happy about it.
The newly-launched podcast 'The Awards Show Show' talks about the mayhem that ensues during Oscars season.


A method for improving the surface quality of replica mirrors is described. The method eliminates the generally used replica finishing or coating processes which may impair the optical precision of replica optics. With the new technique, the final mirror coatings are evaporated onto the master mold and separated with the replica body to which they adhere excellently. Thus no finishing coatings are required after the replicas are separated from the master mold. The method can be applied to plastic and electroformed metal reproductions. Epoxy type resins were found to be especially suitable for making replicas of various optical elements.


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Tags: Destination weddings Luxury weddings
A luxury wedding in the Philippines: Jamie Tolentino and Pierre Deludet
Tying the knot in the luxurious Shangri-La Mactan Resort and Spa in Cebu, Jamie Tolentino and Pierre Deludet's wedding paid homage to the bride's Filipino roots
How did you meet?
We met at University College London back in 2008, where Pierre took a BSc in Theoretical Physics while I took a BSc in Psychology. We were both on the Executive Committee of UCL Union in 2009 and we became best friends, but we only officially got together after graduation.
Tell us about the proposal.
Pierre made a walk down memory lane in his hallway, taking me through the years of our friendship and subsequently our relationship in photo prints. Then Pierre gave me roses and outlined the reasons why he loves me, before getting down on one knee and presenting me with the ring.
What was the theme for the day, and did you have a colour scheme?
The colour scheme was gold and white with splashes of purple. The theme was 'Modern Filipino' with elements of Filipino culture in the bride and groom's attire, food, and Pierre's serenade song. Modern is described in the way the Filipino elements are inspired by Western influences, so there were a lot of international elements in the wedding as well.
When did you know when you'd found 'the' dress?
I knew I wouldn't be able to just 'find' a dress off the shelf as I wanted Filipiniana sleeves with a Western style cut so had to have it custom made by Modista. The result was a Filipiniana fishtail dress with detachable sleeves which turned into a short A-line dress with a sweetheart neckline for the reception. Very modern Filipina.
Where did you find your suits?
Pierre didn't want to wear a suit. He wanted a 'Barong' which is an embroidered formal shirt considered to be the national dress of the Philippines. He had Barongs made for himself and his groomsmen at a tailor called Prince Albert in Manila, Philippines.
Tell us about your floral arrangements.
For a change, Pierre was the one in charge of the flowers (and he did a very good job at it). It was dominated with classic white and pink roses for the entourage bouquets with purple orchids for the godparents' wristlets. The backdrop, table centerpieces, and bridal car were also decorated with white and pink roses.
Often the aspect that makes a wedding original to the couple is the detail – tell us about the details of the day.
People say that the devil is in the detail, so we had loads of it in ours. We wanted the wedding to show appreciation to our loved ones, entertain them and make sure that the event was properly branded (as I am a marketer by trade). Appreciation was shown by giving the adult members of the entourage a bottle of Kahal (Filipino-French coconut champagne) and part of the reception was presentation of gifts to the godparents in the form of a Louis Vuitton London City guide per couple. A photo booth was also set up during the cocktail reception, which took place before the reception dinner so that people could mingle and take home visual memories of the day while we had our photo shoot.
Entertainment was another big thing for us, so to start off the night with a bang, we had a fireworks display with heart shapes as the sky went dark. Dinner commenced with a buffet of Filipino and international cuisine, which reflected the variety of cultures in the room. The night's entertainment kicked off with the couple's first dance with a song especially composed by Celine Tsai (my cousin) with the ballroom bits choreographed by an instructor and hiphop moves choreographed by me. You can see it on YouTube here.
The night was all the more personal with my brother and sister rendering solo performances of 'Everything' by Michael Buble and 'Photograph' by Ed Sheeran respectively. Following speeches from friends of ours, Pierre serenaded me with a rendition of 'Harana by Parokya ni Edgar' to which I responded with 'Love on Top' by Beyonce.
The audience also got in on the action when they were required to guess who the fact belonged to such as 'Who owns more shoes?' where the answer was either Pierre or Jamie. The formal festivities concluded with a same day edit presentation by Rock Paper Scissors and Digital Minds before the dancefloor got busy until bedtime.
DIY for many means the decor and food, but we thought we'd DIY the performances and ask members of the family to officiate and host to maintain the personal element of the wedding; even the game questions were written by Jamie's cousins.
Branding was making sure that all elements reflected the theme and/or colour scheme. We also had a pre-nuptial photo shoot so that we could have a wall with all our photos and our thank you cards had our photos in them. Jamie also gave 'branded' stationery to all the people who needed to speak on stage so that their cue cards reflected the branding. Sticker logos of the PJ monogram were put in places that we couldn't brand by print eg. unity candle, food labels, name cards on the table, etc.
How did you feel as you walked down the aisle?
It actually felt quite surreal that all my family and friends were gathered in one room. I was also really glad that I was able to play my own composition as I walked down the aisle. Many brides dream of having a 'dream wedding' since they are teenagers, but I clearly remember not wanting to play Canon in D for my aisle walk. Nothing else mattered, just that little detail. In fact, I also composed an instrumental piece for the wedding party to walk to before me.
What was your most memorable moment?
When Pierre sang 'Harana' in Filipino. Harana was a traditional form of courtship in the Philippines wherein men introduced themselves and/or wooed women by singing underneath her window at night. It was widely practised in old Philippines with a set of protocols, a code of conduct and a specific style of music. With the theme of Modern Filipino, Pierre had to sing a song which is about doing a Harana, but he had to do it in Filipino. Pierre also felt that it was his most memorable moment because he had never sung in front of a crowd before.
What was the most challenging aspect of planning this wedding?
Planning this while abroad was really challenging, as we had to keep on track of progress and make sure we didn't cross wires.
What was the most important investment for you?
The time and effort we put into the planning trumps the money we put into it. We wanted to make sure that we knew of the details - from Pierre wanting to hire mood lighting and me going over the whole programme and deciding the lighting colours to creating the presentation displayed on the LCD screen and making the table seating arrangements. You can throw all the money you can on an event, but it can turn out to be non-personal and generic.
What song did you choose for your first dance, and why?
We had one especially made for the occasion titled 'It's True'. Most pop songs are originally made with someone else in mind, and we wanted something that was specifically made for us. A line in the song says 'Pierre and Jamie forever' which we wouldn't have had if we just picked a song off the rack. To match the song, I choreographed the hip-hop chorus, and we hired a ballroom dance choreographer for the verses and finale. See it here.
Tell us about your wedding cake.
It was three layers, white and decorated with flowers. Simple but elegant.
If you could go back and change anything, what would it be?
Having more time to spend with friends and family. People have come from all over the world to be with us during the special day and we didn't have enough time to spend with all of them.
Was there anything you wish you'd known before?
We wish we knew that during the wedding there was absolutely no time to socialise. We would have had a pre-event or post-event for this otherwise.
Where did you go on honeymoon?
We went to Miniloc Island Resort in El Nido, Palawan, Philippines.
Do you have any advice for couples in the planning stages?
Discover what is important to you, stick to your budget and plan ahead of time. Early on, we had a lot of arguments because we didn't know what each other cared about. I was absolutely insistent that I compose the songs to be played while walking down the aisle, not hiring professional performers or MCs and doing my own make-up. Pierre on the other hand, had an idea of the decor and atmosphere he wanted, so he took charge of that aspect.
Delegation of certain parts of the wedding planning is key as there are too many decisions to be made and too many moving parts, especially when planning from a distance. It is also important to realise that the wedding is your own and traditions don't necessarily have to follow.
Steal their style:
Photography: Rock Paper Scissors
Videography: Digital Minds
Flowers & Decor: Simple Wishes by Debbie Huang
Wedding Planning/Coordination: Connie Te
Venue: Shangri-La's Mactan Resort and Spa
Bride's Dress: Modista
Groom's Attire: Prince Albert
Photo booth: Alvin
Lights and Sounds: Extreme Go Events
A dreamy destination wedding in Marbella: Richard and Natalie
If you're thinking about a wedding abroad, take tips from newlyweds Richard and Natalie w...
Viva Italia: The Lake Como wedding of Elaine and Martyn Gill
The stunning backdrop of Lake Como in Northern Italy played host to Elaine and Martyn Gil...


***SAFE 09/23/15*** SECOND NIGHT for BEGINNER-RATED JACOB! JACOB is an adorable, 2 year old who was surrendered by a Finder who had been keeping him the last month. JACOB was said to be afraid of the Finder's daughter but upon assessment, he was friendly and allowed handling. So he earned himself a BEGINNER rating! JACOB should be a great fit in most any home. But he needs to find one. FAST! Make this one easy! Offer to FOSTER or ADOPT this great guy and he'll love you forever for it!
I came in the shelter as a STRAY on 09/05/2015 from NY 10451, owner surrender reason stated was STRAY.
09/20/2015 Exam Type CAGE EXAM – Medical Rating is 3 C – MAJOR CONDITIONS , Behavior Rating is NONE, Weight 11.0 LBS.
09/05/15 15:04 Jacob has been living inside of the finders apartment building. She has been feeding him for the last month and hes been staying on her floor. For the past couple of weeks, he has been sitting in front of her door and says that he is very friendly towards her but is scared around her small daughter. Behavior during intake Jacob is very friendly and allowed all handling-scanning(-), collaring and photographs.
Note: Jacob was brought in as a stray, so we cannot speak to his behavior in his previous home. The finder says he is friendly towards her, but is fearful around her small daughter. He was very friendly upon intake, and allowed handling during his initial medical exam. Reaction to assessor: Jacob was calm, relaxed, and friendly upon approach. Reaction when softly spoken to: Jacob comes to the front and reaches out with his paw. Reaction to cage door opening: Jacob remains soft and relaxed. Reaction to touch: Jacob lightly head-butts, remains in place for petting, and begins to purr. Reaction to being picked up: Jacob remains calm and allows handling. Behavior Determination: Beginner Jacob interacts with the Assessor, solicits attention, is easy to handle and tolerates all petting. This cat can go to a beginner home.


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Last edited by Goltikora
1 edition of Towards nuclear zero found in the catalog.
Towards nuclear zero
David Cortright
Published 2010 by International Institute for Strategic Studies in London .
Statement David Cortright and Raimo Väyrynen
Contributions Väyrynen, Raimo
LC Classifications JZ5675 .C68 2010
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Towards Nuclear Zero (Adelphi series) 1st Edition by Raimo Väyrynen (Author) ISBN Format: Paperback. The book concludes with a detailed roadmap for moving progressively toward global nuclear zero.
It proposes a new international security regime based on shared missile defences, nonweaponized deterrence and greater efforts to enhance transnational Towards Nuclear Zero (Adelphi Book ) - Kindle edition by Cortright, David, Väyrynen, Raimo.
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Towards Zero is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in Juneand in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in July of the same year. The first US edition of the novel retailed at $ and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6).Author: Agatha Christie.
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A movement known as Global Zero has gained in strength to attempt just that. It was established in the wake of a January newspaper column by George Shultz, Henry Kissinger, William Perry, and Sam Nunn advocating a nuclear-free world.
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Home/Politics/George Floyd's death: Former US President Obama condemns violence at protests
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George Floyd's death: Former US President Obama condemns violence at protests
admin@vof June 3, 2020
George Floyd's death: Former US President Obama condemns violence at protests
Former US President Barack Obama on Monday condemned the violence at nationwide protests over Racial inequities and excessive police force, while praising the actions of peaceful protesters seeking change.
The vast majority of protesters have been peaceful, but a "small minority" were putting people at risk and harming the very communities the protests are intended to help, Obama wrote in an online essay posted on Medium.
Obama said the violence was "compounding the destruction of neighborhoods that are often already short on services and investment and detracting from the larger cause."
The United States has been rocked by six straight nights of tumult over the death last week of a black man in Minneapolis, George Floyd, after a white police officer pinned him to the ground by kneeling on his neck.
How George Floyd was murdered
George Floyd, an African-American man, died in Powderhorn, a neighborhood south of downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Video of Floyd's arrest captured by a bystander and posted on Facebook appeared to show the victim pinned to the ground, repeatedly pleading "I can't breathe" for nearly four minutes as an officer holds his neck to the ground with his knee. He appeared to be in handcuffs in the video footage.
Floyd, 46, appeared to lose consciousness as the officer maintained his position on the victim.
His pulse was checked about three minutes after he stopped gasping for air, but it is unclear from the video what the assessment was at that point. He was then loaded on to a stretcher and moved into an ambulance.
George Floyd's death: President Trump threatens to send in military to quell unrest
Pakistan IT Exports increased by 23.42% in July-April Compared to same period in last year
Obama called Philonise Floyd before George Floyd's memorial service, offered him suppport: NYT
George Floyd's brother says 'black lives do not matter in US', asking UN for help
Obama appreciates leading role of young generation in protests following George Floyd's death
America was founded on the promise of Equality, Liberty, and Justice for all: Joe Biden


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Residential 4 Bedroom 3 Bath Built in 2002 1.12 Acres 2752 Sq. Ft.
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Residential 4 Bedroom 2 Bath Built in 1998 1861 Sq. Ft.
Residential 3 Bedroom 2 Bath Built in 1975 0.27 Acres 1750 Sq. Ft.


Art is a consumable. Regardless of the creator's judgement (or wishes) a piece is never truly finished until it's seen or heard. Harper Lee's "new" novel, Go Set a Watchman, is a good example of this. The manuscript existed for decades, seemingly forgotten in Lee's archives until her lawyer stumbled upon it. But only now that Watchman is slated for publication can it meet the cultural criteria of a "book." Some raise doubts about whether Lee — who will turn 89 this month — has the mental acuity to approve the book's publication. Nevertheless, Watchman moves forward; the public's desire to return to Maycomb seemingly outweighing the need to determine what Lee really wants, or to err on the side of caution if we can't. At this point, even if Lee never meant for the story to see the light of day, now that we know of Watchman's existence there's no denying its eventual debut. Our hunger for it is just too great.
That's why Picasso's studies hang on gallery walls throughout the world; those preparatory pieces he most likely never thought would see the light of day falling under the gaze of critics and casual consumers alike, who won't hesitate to interpret and judge each sketch as if it were a fully realized composition. This is true with musicians, too. Just look at the countless compilations of songs "from the vault" that make it to market with or without an artist's permission. In essence, all "art"— be it good or bad — cannot earn that label until it is seen and judged. This idea of artistic validation via exchange also happens within the artist. Turning to Watchman again, if Lee indeed never meant for it to see the light of day, it's because she took on the role of critic, and deemed the book unworthy of consumption.
That's why creation is an act of faith. When you write, you want your work to be "good," even if it's just in your eyes, and based on your standards. When you create a canvas, it needs to effectively convey your point of view before you'll put your name in the bottom-right corner. When you play, your song needs to hold up under the scrutiny of the savage critic that lives in your head. Failure is always a possibility. Bearing that in mind, and knowing that if your piece gets past your own internal censor it will be exposed to other critical eyes and ears, you push on through this strange sort of schizophrenia, because it's who you are. At least that's what I think.
Even in today's global world, the song strikes me as being uniquely American in its content, scope, and reach -- something that seems clear when I watch the video Gamboa made to accompany the song. But if art is a hail mary, what are the Suns hoping their listeners catch with "Flesh & Bone?" Gamboa was kind enough to help me figure this out by answering a few questions I had about the song and its video, and about his creative process as a whole.
TG - Most listeners rarely get a glimpse of what's involved in taking a song to fruition. Generally speaking, what is your process like, and how has it changed over time; and, specifically, what was "Flesh & Bone's" journey from idea to finished product like?
JG - My writing process has evolved over the last decade, not out of choice, but out of necessity. I wrote a lot of music as a teenager. I put out a couple full-length, self-produced solo albums and tried to make a couple bands work in high school. Music came easy and naturally then. I would lock myself in a room with a guitar and wouldn't come out until I had a song. The lyrics and music were written simultaneously as one cohesive work. They spilled out of me. It was really simple stuff back then, but it was my thing. It was my therapy.
There was a time in between then and now that I didn't make music. I lost all creative drive. I couldn't make music even when I wanted to. My focus was on other things: love, life, and the pursuit of happiness. This period without music in my life lasted about four years.
After not so elegantly exiting a five-year relationship, I found myself full of holes. I wanted to fill some of them with music again. However, when I went to write, it just wouldn't come out. I had to find new ways to write. I had to adapt or lose music forever. It was the best thing that could have happened.
Now, the possibilities are endless. Sometimes a song starts with lyrics first. Most interestingly, a song can start with just an idea or concept that I want to explore. More often than not, a song will start with the music. Progressions, chords, melodies, and riffs seem to flow out me like they did in the beginning. The lyrics are what slow me down these days. It's something I'm always second-guessing. I think it's because I put zero thought into the lyrics in my early music and just said whatever was in my head. I consider my self-doubt to be a positive thing. It causes me to constantly rewrite and rearrange lyrics until they say and mean exactly what I want.
"Flesh and Bone" is really close to me. Despite the video, it was written with no political intention in mind. It took only a day or two to get the music worked out with the band, but it took months for me to settle on the lyrics. I doubted the chorus several times. It didn't sound like anything I'd done before, so I was unsure of it. However, I'm glad I stuck with it in the end because it would eventually set the tone of our (upcoming) third album, Ungodly Hour.
I don't really want to discuss what the song means because I think it's one of those that is left open to the listener. It's more important to me that they take what they want from it.
TG - A lot of bands talk about "the fans." When you write and record, do you have a particular audience in mind? How, if at all, does the existence of your audience impact the decisions you and the band make in the studio?
JG - In the early days of The Solid Suns, I did think a lot about who might listen to our music. Unfortunately, it may have negatively impacted our second studio album, Lacunas. At the time, I was concerned about making the album more "approachable" but still sound like us. That meant sacrificing, and compromising on some things I really didn't want to. At the end of the day, I think some songs actually benefited from the attention to detail and production we put into that album, but many of them were changed in a way I wasn't completely satisfied with.
As a band, we're approaching our third album very differently. We're writing and playing the music we want to. I'm writing the songs I want to write instead of what I think I should write. The result is a darker, harder, and heavier album.
TG - I often feel like I'm my own worst critic, that I'm the biggest source of the doubt I feel. How about you? What role does "doubt" play in your process?
JG - Doubt is a double-edged sword. It can be extremely corrosive and bring everything to a standstill. However, I try to use it in a positive way. It's almost like a vetting process. I use my unhealthy, crippling doubt to try and weed out the bad ideas I may have. It doesn't always work that way, but the hope is to have something better in the end. Creatively or in life.
TG - The video seems to fit the song perfectly, both thematically and in the way that it's edited to move with the music's progressions and changes. When did your vision for the video come into being? Was it something you thought about after the song was cut, or did both the song and the video sort of grow together?
JG - The video came out months after the song was released as a single and closer to year from the time it was written. I had no idea what the video would be when I wrote the song. Ironically, the video has little to do with the subject matter of the song, as fitting as it may be.
Making the video was an excruciating and maddening process. It ended up taking close to a hundred hours over several months to research, collect, and edit all of the footage. At a few points, I honestly thought it might never be finished. Watching a lot of the clips over and over again in the editing process started to take its toll on me mentally. I took a few breaks from it and eventually made a final push to finish it several months after I started.
Several things inspired the look and feel of the video. The initial thought came from watching videos of another band in Vegas called Strange Mistress. Their videos were just basically weird, old stolen footage strung together and set to their songs, and I really liked it. It inspired the idea to steal and repurpose footage for "Flesh & Bone."
The manor in which it's all presented was inspired by the films The Fifth Element and Man of Steel. In the former, Milla Jovovich's character studies the earth on a futuristic version of the internet. She's presented with a digital, picture-based encyclopedia, which she uses to learn about us. When she gets to the letter "W" and discovers war, she is devastated by the unlimited potential for destruction and evil that mankind has. This, combined with the visual stylings of General Zod's message to earth in Man of Steel (especially the way text appears on the screen in the beginning), allowed me to find a way to make all these different clips work together.
The nod to Anonymous in the beginning is just that. I appreciate a lot of what they do and respect their hyper-awareness to the world around them.
TG - Taken together, "Flesh & Bone" and its video seem to send a clear message about faith, and what people should and shouldn't place their faith in. Broadly speaking, what are your thoughts about faith (not necessarily the religious kind, though you're definitely free to speak on that if you like)?
JG - Constructive conversations about faith are like atomic bombs. It's political suicide. People lose friends or are ostracized from their families over faith. Wars are fought and countless people kill or have been killed for their faith. With that said, I'll tread as lightly as I can on the subject while still being objective.
Faith and trust are important. Our faith is usually just placed in the wrong things. I would love to see more faith placed in each other rather than into religions and pseudoscience.
I've gotten a lot of response from people about six particular seconds in the video. During these six seconds, the word "LIE" appears on the screen in front of an old, Italian film's depiction of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. People have asked me how I could possibly show such a thing.
I try explaining to them that it's not out of line to propose such a notion. There are more people in the world that don't believe in Jesus Christ than those that do. For the majority of the world, spiritual or not, Jesus Christ is not their lord and savior. Just as American Christians believe all other religions to be a lie, other religions or non-religious people feel the same about Christianity.
This has not been an easy idea to convey.
It was not my intention to single-out Christians, but rather to paint an accurate picture of the United States of America. Even today, most Americans identify themselves as Christian. Just as I don't personally identify myself as Democrat or Republic, liberal or conservative, I tried to portray an unbiased, unwavering look at America over the last six decades or so. The video shows the good with the bad. The far-left, the far-right, and everything in between.
When it came to subject of religion, I had a very personal interest in how it was seen in the video. I was raised in a Christian home. I went to church all the way into my teen years, despite coming the conclusion that I was an atheist at around 7 or 8 years old. I critically learned a lot about a religion I didn't believe in for many years. It was important to me that people could see how damaging religion could be, especially for a young mind. I wanted to show people that it isn't always sitting in pews, Noah's ark, God's love, and soup kitchens.
What I really like about the video is that not everyone will be perturbed or disgusted by the same things. For some people it's the religious parts. For some people it's race. For some people it's war. For me, it's two very specific moments in the video. The first is showing a child forced into a beauty pageant, dancing for the judges. And the second shows the malicious brainwashing of kids at a Christian bible camp. A little girl is brought to tears and overwhelmed. The mistreatment of our children makes me sick and the radicalization of the Christian extremists in our country is frightening.
If the video made you uncomfortable at any point, then I did my job. I wanted to ruffle a few feathers. I wanted to open up dialogue. I wanted to hold a mirror up to America's face and ask it not to look away. Whether you loved or hated it, I'm just glad you watched it.
Header art by T. Guzzio. Original photo via The Solid Suns.
This is the second time The Solid Suns have been featured in PC. Gamboa, Campbell, and Keen are based out of Las Vegas, Nevada, where they are hard at work on their third studio album, Ungodly Hour, slated for release in the Fall of 2015. The Suns are funding the album's recording themselves, something you can help with by going to their Indiegogo page (DO IT NOW!). If you liked "Flesh and Bone," (and how could you not?), you can hear it again and download it for free below. Keep up with the Suns by checking out their website, and by following them on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. If you happen to be anywhere near Vegas when the Suns are slated to play live, go see them! You won't be disappointed.


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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Minnesota Case Law › Minnesota Supreme Court Decisions › 1976 › Northern States Pump & Supply Co. v. Baumann
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Northern States Pump & Supply Co. v. Baumann
249 N.W.2d 182 (1976)
NORTHERN STATES PUMP & SUPPLY CO., Respondent, v. Melvin BAUMANN, Appellant.
Supreme Court of Minnesota.
*183 Dorsey, Windhorst, Hannaford, Whitney & Halladay, and Craig A. Beck, Rochester, for appellant.
O'Brien, Ehrick, Wolf, Deaner & Downing and Terence L. Maus, Rochester, for respondent.
Considered and decided by the court without oral argument.
PETERSON, Justice.
Plaintiff, a Minnesota resident, commenced an action for breach of contract against defendant, a North Dakota resident, who was served with process in North Dakota, in personam jurisdiction being asserted under this state's long-arm statute, Minn.St. 543.19, subd. 1(b).[1] Defendant challenged jurisdiction on both constitutional and statutory grounds and appeals from an order denying his motion to dismiss. The issue presented is whether the defendant has transacted business in this state, within the meaning of § 543.19, subd. 1(b), and with "minimum contacts" such that the exercise of in personam jurisdiction over him does not offend due process.
The facts essential to determination of this issue are undisputed. Plaintiff, Northern States Pump & Supply Co., is a Minnesota corporation, with headquarters in Rochester. Defendant, Melvin Baumann, is *184 a resident of North Dakota. In March 1974, defendant, while on personal business in Minnesota, conducted general inquiries as to the feasibility of leasing or purchasing a well-drilling rig. Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company in Minneapolis was one company contacted by defendant for this purpose. Defendant thereafter returned to North Dakota. Subsequently, a sales representative of Chicago Pneumatic telephoned defendant at his home in Ashley, North Dakota, expressing the company's interest in doing business with him and inviting him to come to Rochester, Minnesota, to meet one of Chicago Pneumatic's distributors and to inspect the machinery. Accordingly, defendant drove to Rochester, Minnesota, and met with representatives of Chicago Pneumatic and its distributor, plaintiff, Northern States Pump & Supply Co. Defendant inspected the well-drilling equipment and the parties negotiated the terms of the lease agreement. In Rochester that same day, April 28, 1974, defendant and plaintiff entered into the lease agreement. Defendant paid by check the first installment of rent and the purchase price of certain supplies which totaled $6,528.58. Defendant then drove the well-drilling equipment to North Dakota. The lease agreement required defendant to pay the monthly rent at plaintiff's place of business in Rochester and also required defendant to prepay the return transportation charges to Rochester, Minnesota.
After alleged difficulties with the equipment, defendant made no further rental payment and returned the equipment to Rochester on July 24, 1974.[2] Plaintiff brought action to recover rent due under the contract, damages for certain missing or damaged equipment, and payment for certain goods sold to defendant.
The exercise of in personam jurisdiction requires compliance with both due process and statutory constraints. See, All Lease Co. Inc. v. Betts, 294 Minn. 473, 199 N.W.2d 821 (1972). Due process establishes minimum standards. States are free to impose more stringent ones. Perkins v. Benquet Consol. Min. Co., 342 U.S. 437, 72 S. Ct. 413, 96 L. Ed. 485 (1952); Aftanase v. Economy Baler Co., 343 F.2d 187, 190 (8 Cir. 1965). In construing Minn.St. 543.19, subd. 1(b), we first note that sales or leasing activity is without dispute the sort of activity which falls within the rubric of "transacts any business." To determine what more the statute requires, we look to the standards of due process for guidance. Numerous Minnesota cases have described the purpose of this state's long-arm statutes as being the assertion of in personam jurisdiction over nonresidents to the maximum extent consistent with due process. See, e. g., Ellwein v. Sun-Rise, Inc., 295 Minn. 109, 203 N.W.2d 403 (1972) (applying Minn.St. 543.19). In one of its most recent statements to that effect, this court said: "* * * If defendant's activities in Minnesota are extensive enough so that due process requirements are satisfied, then the statute authorizes the exercise of personal jurisdiction." American Pollut. Prev. Co. v. National Alf. D. & M. Co., 304 Minn. 191, 194, 230 N.W.2d 63, 65, certiorari denied, 423 U.S. 894, 96 S. Ct. 193, 46 L. Ed. 2d 126 (1975) (applying Minn.St. 303.13).
Despite these characterizations of the Minnesota long-arm statute as being coextensive with the reach of due process, defendant argues that the exercise of jurisdiction over him offends both due process and the more exacting standards of Minn.St. 543.19, subd. 1(b), as applied by this court to nonresident-buyer defendants. He argues that this court in sustaining jurisdiction over nonresident buyers requires more substantial contacts with this forum than are necessary to support jurisdiction over a nonresident seller. As authority for this proposition, defendant cites Fourth N. W. Nat. Bank v. Hilson Industries, Inc., 264 Minn. 110, 117 N.W.2d 732 (1962), and contends that it is factually similar to the instant case and therefore dispositive.
*185 Hilson was decided on due process grounds and not statutory construction grounds, thus it does not establish that the Minnesota long-arm statute imposes more stringent requirements than does due process. This court in Hilson reiterated and applied the same requirement of "minimum contacts" as the test of due process requires. The case does not suggest that a different standard of due process is applied to nonresident-buyer defendants than is applied to nonresident sellers. Hilson and subsequent cases controlled by it[3] do distinguish between nonresident buyers and sellers. In Hilson, we quoted the following (264 Minn. 116, 117 N.W.2d 735):
"`* * * The general tendency of courts to require less in the way of sales activity to bring a foreign corporation within the jurisdiction of a state has not been accompanied by any parallel lessening of requirements as to purchasing activities.' (Italics supplied.) Waltham Precision Ins. Co. v. McDonnell Aircraft Corp. (D.Mass.), 203 F. Supp. 539, 541."
This distinction, however, merely goes to the difference in nature and quality of the contacts of a buyer and those of a seller. International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 319, 66 S. Ct. 154, 160, 90 L. Ed. 95, 104 (1945), established that compliance with due process cannot be measured mechanically by counting contacts: "* * * Whether due process is satisfied must depend rather upon the quality and nature of the activity in relation to the fair and orderly administration of the laws which it was the purpose of the due process clause to insure." The contacts of a seller characteristically represent commercial profit and may be accompanied by advertising and other solicitation in an attempt to develop a market in the forum state. One purchase, particularly if by mail order, may be an isolated transaction without commercial profit and accompanied by no incidental activities such as characteristically accompany a sale.
In Hilson, we agreed with the defendant's assertion that the exercise over it of in personam jurisdiction under Minn.St. 303.13 constituted a denial of due process. We stated (264 Minn. 118, 117 N.W.2d 736):
"* * * The only connection with Minnesota in this case, however remote, is the fact that the notes are payable here. This situation arises out of an effort by the nonresident defendant to accommodate plaintiff. Fixing the place of payment at plaintiff's business residence is hardly the kind of commercial benefit to defendant that must be balanced by a countervailing capitulation to jurisdiction under § 303.13. For these reasons we believe that less than the minimum contacts required by `traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice' have been here proved."
In the instant case there is significantly more connection with this forum than merely a requirement that payment is to be made in Minnesota. It likewise involves more contacts than the subsequent cases controlled by Hilson.[4] Thus these cases are not by their facts dispositive. Rather, we must apply the test evolved from a long line of cases in which courts have sought to give content to the United States Supreme Court's proscription that:
"* * * [D]ue process requires only that in order to subject a defendant to a judgment in personam, if he be not present within the territory of the forum, he have certain minimum contacts with it such that the maintenance of the suit does not offend `traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.'" International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316, 66 S. Ct. 154, 158, 90 L. Ed. 95, 102 (1945).
From cases decided by the United States Supreme Court subsequent to International *186 Shoe, the Eighth Circuit in Aftanase v. Economy Baler Co., 343 F.2d 187, 197 (8 Cir. 1965), abstracted five factors, which this court has adopted, to be applied to determine whether the requisite minimum contacts exist. See, e. g., Northwestern Nat. Bank v. Kratt, 303 Minn. 256, 226 N.W.2d 910 (1975). These factors are: (1) the quantity of the contacts; (2) the nature and quality of the contacts; (3) the source and connection of the cause of action with those contacts; (4) interest of the forum state; and (5) convenience. The Eighth Circuit found that the United States Supreme Court had viewed the first three factors as most significant and had given the fourth and fifth factors "mention." Aftanase v. Economy Baler Co., supra. An application of these guidelines to the present case supports the conclusion that assertion of in personam jurisdiction over the defendant is consistent with due process.
The quantity of contacts: Defendant, during his initial visit to Minnesota, made inquiries about the well-drilling rig. He made a subsequent visit to Minnesota to inspect the machinery, at which time he entered into a lease agreement and paid the first installment of rent. He took possession of the equipment here. He returned the equipment to this state.
The nature and quality of the contacts: The defendant is a nonresident individual purchaser. However, this was not the mail-order purchase of a small item, but rather the lease of a substantial piece of equipment at a rent of $6,000 per month. The contract described the property as being worth $122,933. The defendant could foresee that the failure to return it in its original condition or the failure to make the rent payments would cause consequences in Minnesota. There is no evidence that the plaintiff ever went to North Dakota, ever advertised or conducted a sales campaign there, or had other leased property there. It was the defendant who approached the plaintiff in this matter. He picked the equipment up in Rochester and returned it there. He cannot be surprised by the plaintiff's expectation that he answer, in Minnesota, for any problems with it. By his acts in Minnesota, defendant availed himself of the privilege of conducting business activities within this forum, "thus invoking the benefits and protections of its laws." Hanson v. Denckla, 357 U.S. 235, 253, 78 S. Ct. 1228, 1240, 2 L. Ed. 2d 1283, 1298 (1958).
Relationship of contacts and cause of action: Plaintiff's suit to recover unpaid rent and other damages and defendant's claim of breach of warranty arose out of the contract executed by defendant in Minnesota.
Interest of the forum: Minnesota obviously has an interest in providing a forum for a resident allegedly wronged.
Convenience: Nothing in the record suggests any hardship on defendant should he be required to defend in Minnesota. Furthermore, the equipment has been returned to this state, thus evidence important to the resolution of various claims, including breach of warranty and failure to return all the equipment, is located here.
This case does not raise the spectre, discussed in dicta in Hilson and its progeny, of a mail-order purchaser forced to defend in a foreign jurisdiction which he had never visited. Defendant's contacts with Minnesota are numerous and closely tied to the cause of action. The assertion of in personam jurisdiction over the defendant comports with traditional notions of fair play and justice and with Minn.St. 543.19, subd. 1(b).
[1] Minn.St. 543.19, subd. 1(b), provides: "Subdivision 1. As to a cause of action arising from any acts enumerated in this subdivision, a court of this state with jurisdiction of the subject matter may exercise personal jurisdiction over any foreign corporation or any non-resident individual, or his personal representative, in the same manner as if it were a domestic corporation or if he were a resident of this state. This section applies if, in person or through an agent, the foreign corporation or non-resident individual:
"(b) Transacts any business within the state, * * *."
[2] By what manner defendant returned the equipment, personally driving it or otherwise shipping it, is not stated.
[3] See, e. g., Marshall Egg Transp. Co. v. Bender-Goodman Co. Inc., 275 Minn. 534, 148 N.W.2d 161 (1967); Branstrom & Associates, Inc. v. Community Memorial Hosp., 296 Minn. 366, 209 N.W.2d 389 (1973).
[4] See, Marshall Egg Transp. Co. v. Bender-Goodman Co. Inc., supra; Branstrom & Associates, Inc., v. Community Memorial Hosp., supra. Compare, Kropp Forge Co. v. Jawitz, 37 Ill.App.2d 475, 186 N.E.2d 76 (1962).
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VAU VAU Part II: Fashion Circus, the show!
Toria Brightside knows how to put together an event. Vau Vau was good last year but it was evident that the concept had been ironed out at the edges and the execution was more professional, while still remaining fun and full of character. A fashion show promoting sense of style and independent designers.
I got help with the stall because I knew that I would hardly have a change to be there.
This is my mum in a latex blazer. I think it suits her.
One of the designers pulled out at the past minute, giving me the opportunity to showcase a few pieces from my upcoming non-latex range, Vanguard. I used chainmail pieces by Richard Ayres to add edge and detail to the outfits and I thought the worked really well together.
My favourite part of the show was still the finale though. The dolls house, created and erected by Richard Ayres was used as a backdrop for the whole show but was only functional for the finale. A lot of guests commented on the fact that it puzzled them for the whole night and I liked that added element of intrigue.
The presentation and subsequent range was inspired by dolls and the show started with a pair of models draped in sheer fabric (evoking a dust sheet), as if they had been left in a forgotten room for a number of years.
The second pair of models appeared from inside the dolls house in much more current but still doll-inspired outfits and proceeded to uncover the first set of models before walking down the catwalk.
The rest of the models emerged and descended at regular intervals. Two held ornate trays filled with dried petals which the scattered along the catwalk as the went and rest carried vintage bird cages, hanging off poles and filled with fairy lights and flowers or ivy.
My girls had Make up by Jack Tyson and nails by Vamp.
Models in order of appearance: Tessa Burton (vauhaus), Lauren feather (vauhaus), Vex Ashley, Bethany Lauren (vauhaus), Jennifer Joint, Amber Dennet, Briony rose, Harlotte Wonderland, Asphazia, Biomechanina.
All Images by Emily bailey of ENB photography, who also reviewed the event on her blog. I had a lot to write about my own involvement but if you'd like to see more of some of the other designers you could also check out Vague.
I especially loved the magical video by NVS Films, it really captured the atmosphere of the show.


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